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Hojsgaard D, Nagel M, Feingold SE, Massa GA, Bradshaw JE. New Frontiers in Potato Breeding: Tinkering with Reproductive Genes and Apomixis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38927018 PMCID: PMC11202281 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is the most important non-cereal crop worldwide, and, yet, genetic gains in potato have been traditionally delayed by the crop's biology, mostly the genetic heterozygosity of autotetraploid cultivars and the intricacies of the reproductive system. Novel site-directed genetic modification techniques provide opportunities for designing climate-smart cultivars, but they also pose new possibilities (and challenges) for breeding potato. As potato species show a remarkable reproductive diversity, and their ovules have a propensity to develop apomixis-like phenotypes, tinkering with reproductive genes in potato is opening new frontiers in potato breeding. Developing diploid varieties instead of tetraploid ones has been proposed as an alternative way to fill the gap in genetic gain, that is being achieved by using gene-edited self-compatible genotypes and inbred lines to exploit hybrid seed technology. In a similar way, modulating the formation of unreduced gametes and synthesizing apomixis in diploid or tetraploid potatoes may help to reinforce the transition to a diploid hybrid crop or enhance introgression schemes and fix highly heterozygous genotypes in tetraploid varieties. In any case, the induction of apomixis-like phenotypes will shorten the time and costs of developing new varieties by allowing the multi-generational propagation through true seeds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on potato reproductive phenotypes and underlying genes, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using potato's natural variability to modulate reproductive steps during seed formation, and consider strategies to synthesize apomixis. However, before we can fully modulate the reproductive phenotypes, we need to understand the genetic basis of such diversity. Finally, we visualize an active, central role for genebanks in this endeavor by phenotyping properly genotyped genebank accessions and new introductions to provide scientists and breeders with reliable data and resources for developing innovations to exploit market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hojsgaard
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Sergio E. Feingold
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Gabriela A. Massa
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce B7620, Argentina
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Zhang T, Zhao SH, He Y. ZmTDM1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein and is required for meiotic exit in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1517-1527. [PMID: 38047628 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate cell-cycle control must be adopted to ensure the continuity of the meiotic second division and termination after that. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying the meiotic cell cycle have not been reported in maize. Here, we characterized a meiotic cell-cycle controller ZmTDM1, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis TDM1 and encodes a canonical tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein in maize. The Zmtdm1 homozygous plants exhibited complete male sterility and severe female abortion. In Zmtdm1 mutants, cell-cycle progression was almost identical to that of wild type from leptotene to anaphase II. However, chromosomes in the tetrad failed meiotic termination at the end of the second division and underwent additional divisions in succession without DNA replication, reducing the ploidy to less than haploid in the product. In addition, two ZmTDM1-like homologs (ZmTDML1 and ZmTDML2) were not functional in meiotic cell-cycle control. Moreover, ZmTDM1 interacted with RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Overall, our results identified a regulator of meiotic cell cycle in maize and demonstrated that ZmTDM1 is essential for meiotic exit after meiosis II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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3
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Wang B, Liang N, Shen X, Xie Z, Zhang L, Tian B, Yuan Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Wei F, Wei X. Cytological and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the pollen fertility of synthetic allodiploid Brassica juncea hybrids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:23. [PMID: 38150101 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Imbalanced chromosomes and cell cycle arrest, along with down-regulated genes in DNA damage repair and sperm cell differentiation, caused pollen abortion in synthetic allodiploid Brassica juncea hybrids. Interspecific hybridization is considered to be a major pathway for species formation and evolution in angiosperms, but the occurrence of pollen abortion in the hybrids is common, prompting us to recheck male gamete development in allodiploid hybrids after the initial combination of different genomes. Here, we investigated the several key meiotic and mitotic events during pollen development using the newly synthesised allodiploid B. juncea hybrids (AB, 2n = 2× = 18) as a model system. Our results demonstrated the partial synapsis and pairing of non-homologous chromosomes concurrent with chaotic spindle assembly, affected chromosome assortment and distribution during meiosis, which finally caused difference in genetic constitution amongst the final tetrads. The mitotic cell cycle arrest during microspore development resulted in the production of anucleate pollen cells. Transcription analysis showed that sets of key genes regulating cyclin (CYCA1;2 and CYCA2;3), DNA damage repair (DMC1, NBS1 and MMD1), and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (SINAT4 and UBC) were largely downregulated at the early pollen meiosis stages, and those genes involved in sperm cell differentiation (DUO1, PIRL1, PIRL9 and LBD27) and pollen wall synthesis (PME48, VGDH11 and COBL10) were mostly repressed at the late pollen mitosis stages in the synthetic allodiploid B. juncea hybrids (AB). In conclusion, this study elucidated the related mechanisms affecting pollen fertility during male gametophyte development at the cytological and transcriptomic levels in the synthetic allodiploid B. juncea hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Niannian Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohan Shen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Mahlandt A, Singh DK, Mercier R. Engineering apomixis in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:131. [PMID: 37199785 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds where progeny are clones of the mother plants. Naturally apomictic modes of reproduction are found in hundreds of plant genera distributed across more than 30 plant families, but are absent in major crop plants. Apomixis has the potential to be a breakthrough technology by allowing the propagation through seed of any genotype, including F1 hybrids. Here, we have summarized the recent progress toward synthetic apomixis, where combining targeted modifications of both the meiosis and fertilization processes leads to the production of clonal seeds at high frequencies. Despite some remaining challenges, the technology has approached a level of maturity that allows its consideration for application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mahlandt
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dipesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany.
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Tanasa S, Shukla N, Cairo A, Ganji RS, Mikulková P, Valuchova S, Raxwal VK, Capitao C, Schnittger A, Zdráhal Z, Riha K. A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e477. [PMID: 36891158 PMCID: PMC9986724 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation. In angiosperm plants is meiosis followed by mitotic divisions to form rudimentary haploid gametophytes. In Arabidopsis, termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development are governed by TDM1 and SMG7 that mediate inhibition of translation. Mutants deficient in this mechanism do not form tetrads but instead undergo multiple cycles of aberrant nuclear divisions that are likely caused by the failure to downregulate cyclin dependent kinases during meiotic exit. A suppressor screen to identify genes that contribute to meiotic exit uncovered a mutation in cyclin-dependent kinase D;3 (CDKD;3) that alleviates meiotic defects in smg7 deficient plants. The CDKD;3 deficiency prevents aberrant meiotic divisions observed in smg7 mutants or delays their onset after initiation of cytokinesis, which permits formation of functional microspores. Although CDKD;3 acts as an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase A;1 (CDKA;1), the main cyclin dependent kinase that regulates meiosis, cdkd;3 mutation appears to promote meiotic exit independently of CDKA;1. Furthermore, analysis of CDKD;3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins implicated in cytokinesis, suggesting a more complex function of CDKD;3 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Tanasa
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Neha Shukla
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Albert Cairo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ranjani S. Ganji
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavlina Mikulková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sona Valuchova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vivek K. Raxwal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Claudio Capitao
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Karel Riha
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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Synthetic apomixis: the beginning of a new era. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102877. [PMID: 36628906 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a process of asexual reproduction that enables plants to bypass meiosis and fertilization to generate clonal seeds that are identical to the maternal genotype. Apomixis has tremendous potential for breeding plants with desired characteristics, given its ability to fix any elite genotype. However, little is known about the origin and dynamics of natural apomictic plant systems. The introgression of apomixis-related genes from natural apomicts has achieved limited success. Therefore, synthetic apomixis, engineered to include apomeiosis, autonomous embryo formation, and autonomous endosperm development, has been proposed as a promising platform to effectuate apomixis in any crop. In this study, we have summarized recent advances in the understanding of synthetic apomixis and discussed the limitations of current synthetic apomixis systems and ways to overcome them.
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Abstract
Introducing asexual reproduction through seeds - apomixis - into crop species could revolutionize agriculture by allowing F1 hybrids with enhanced yield and stability to be clonally propagated. Engineering synthetic apomixis has proven feasible in inbred rice through the inactivation of three genes (MiMe), which results in the conversion of meiosis into mitosis in a line ectopically expressing the BABYBOOM1 (BBM1) parthenogenetic trigger in egg cells. However, only 10-30% of the seeds are clonal. Here, we show that synthetic apomixis can be achieved in an F1 hybrid of rice by inducing MiMe mutations and egg cell expression of BBM1 in a single step. We generate hybrid plants that produce more than 95% of clonal seeds across multiple generations. Clonal apomictic plants maintain the phenotype of the F1 hybrid along successive generations. Our results demonstrate that there is no barrier to almost fully penetrant synthetic apomixis in an important crop species, rendering it compatible with use in agriculture.
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de Oliveira PN, da Silva LFC, Eloy NB. The role of APC/C in cell cycle dynamics, growth and development in cereal crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987919. [PMID: 36247602 PMCID: PMC9558237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops can be considered the basis of human civilization. Thus, it is not surprising that these crops are grown in larger quantities worldwide than any other food supply and provide more energy to humankind than any other provision. Additionally, attempts to harness biomass consumption continue to increase to meet human energy needs. The high pressures for energy will determine the demand for crop plants as resources for biofuel, heat, and electricity. Thus, the search for plant traits associated with genetic increases in yield is mandatory. In multicellular organisms, including plants, growth and development are driven by cell division. These processes require a sequence of intricated events that are carried out by various protein complexes and molecules that act punctually throughout the cycle. Temporal controlled degradation of key cell division proteins ensures a correct onset of the different cell cycle phases and exit from the cell division program. Considering the cell cycle, the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an important conserved multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, marking targets for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Studies on plant APC/C subunits and activators, mainly in the model plant Arabidopsis, revealed that they play a pivotal role in several developmental processes during growth. However, little is known about the role of APC/C in cereal crops. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the APC/C controlling cereal crop development.
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Calvo‐Baltanás V, De Jaeger‐Braet J, Cher WY, Schönbeck N, Chae E, Schnittger A, Wijnker E. Knock-down of gene expression throughout meiosis and pollen formation by virus-induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:19-37. [PMID: 35340073 PMCID: PMC9543169 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Through the inactivation of genes that act during meiosis it is possible to direct the genetic make-up of plants in subsequent generations and optimize breeding schemes. Offspring may show higher recombination of parental alleles resulting from elevated crossover (CO) incidence, or by omission of meiotic divisions, offspring may become polyploid. However, stable mutations in genes essential for recombination, or for either one of the two meiotic divisions, can have pleiotropic effects on plant morphology and line stability, for instance by causing lower fertility. Therefore, it is often favorable to temporarily change gene expression during meiosis rather than relying on stable null mutants. It was previously shown that virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be used to transiently reduce CO frequencies. We asked if VIGS could also be used to modify other processes throughout meiosis and during pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that VIGS-mediated knock-down of FIGL1, RECQ4A/B, OSD1 and QRT2 can induce (i) an increase in chiasma numbers, (ii) unreduced gametes and (iii) pollen tetrads. We further show that VIGS can target both sexes and different genetic backgrounds and can simultaneously silence different gene copies. The successful knock-down of these genes in A. thaliana suggests that VIGS can be exploited to manipulate any process during or shortly after meiosis. Hence, the transient induction of changes in inheritance patterns can be used as a powerful tool for applied research and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Calvo‐Baltanás
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Joke De Jaeger‐Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
| | - Wei Yuan Cher
- A*STAR, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)61 Biopolis DriveProteos138673Singapore
| | - Nils Schönbeck
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
- UKEMartinistrasse 5220251HamburgGermany
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands
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Zhou X, Li S, Yang X. The DcPS1 cooperates with OSDLa during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35610560 PMCID: PMC9128087 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the mechanisms of meiosis has important implications for potential applications in plant breeding programmes and species evolution. However, the process of meiosis is poorly understood in carnation, which is famous for its cut flowers. RESULTS We report that Dianthus caryophyllus parallel spindle 1 (DcPS1) regulates omission of second division like a (OSDLa) during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis. In DcPS1 and OSDLa RNAi lines, an absence of the second meiotic division and the abnormal orientation of spindles at meiosis II might be the main reason for dyad/triad formation, resulting in unreduced gametes. We also found that carnation OSDLa interacted with DcPS1 and DcRAD51D. In the DcPS1 RNAi lines, a decrease in OSDLa and DcRAD51D expression was observed. In the OSDLa RNAi lines, a decrease in DcPS1 and DcRAD51D expression was also observed. We propose that DcPS1 regulates OSDLa expression, allowing entry into meiosis II and the proper orientation of the metaphase II spindle in meiosis II. We also propose that OSDLa regulates DcRAD51D expression, allowing for homologous recombination. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a critical role for DcPS1 and OSDLa in diplogamete production during meiosis and open a new pathway for meiosis-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhou
- Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China.
| | - Shuying Li
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Xiaomi Yang
- Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
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Underwood CJ, Mercier R. Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:201-225. [PMID: 35138881 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-013958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
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Yang F, Pecinka A. Multiple Roles of SMC5/6 Complex during Plant Sexual Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094503. [PMID: 35562893 PMCID: PMC9099584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-based processes are essential for cellular functions. Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMCs) are evolutionarily conserved molecular machines that organize chromosomes throughout the cell cycle, mediate chromosome compaction, promote DNA repair, or control sister chromatid attachment. The SMC5/6 complex is known for its pivotal role during the maintenance of genome stability. However, a dozen recent plant studies expanded the repertoire of SMC5/6 complex functions to the entire plant sexual reproductive phase. The SMC5/6 complex is essential in meiosis, where its activity must be precisely regulated to allow for normal meiocyte development. Initially, it is attenuated by the recombinase RAD51 to allow for efficient strand invasion by the meiosis-specific recombinase DMC1. At later stages, it is essential for the normal ratio of interfering and non-interfering crossovers, detoxifying aberrant joint molecules, preventing chromosome fragmentation, and ensuring normal chromosome/sister chromatid segregation. The latter meiotic defects lead to the production of diploid male gametes in Arabidopsis SMC5/6 complex mutants, increased seed abortion, and production of triploid offspring. The SMC5/6 complex is directly involved in controlling normal embryo and endosperm cell divisions, and pioneer studies show that the SMC5/6 complex is also important for seed development and normal plant growth in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yang
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research (CRH), Institute of Experimental Botany (IEB), Czech Academy of Sciences, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research (CRH), Institute of Experimental Botany (IEB), Czech Academy of Sciences, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yin PP, Tang LP, Zhang XS, Su YH. Options for Engineering Apomixis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864987. [PMID: 35371148 PMCID: PMC8967160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, embryogenesis and reproduction are not strictly dependent on fertilization. Several species can produce embryos in seeds asexually, a process known as apomixis. Apomixis is defined as clonal asexual reproduction through seeds, whereby the progeny is identical to the maternal genotype, and provides valuable opportunities for developing superior cultivars, as its induction in agricultural crops can facilitate the development and maintenance of elite hybrid genotypes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of apomixis and highlight the successful introduction of apomixis methods into sexual crops. In addition, we discuss several genes whose overexpression can induce somatic embryogenesis as candidate genes to induce parthenogenesis, a unique reproductive method of gametophytic apomixis. We also summarize three schemes to achieve engineered apomixis, which will offer more opportunities for the realization of apomictic reproduction.
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Blasio F, Prieto P, Pradillo M, Naranjo T. Genomic and Meiotic Changes Accompanying Polyploidization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11010125. [PMID: 35009128 PMCID: PMC8747196 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization and polyploidy have been considered as significant evolutionary forces in adaptation and speciation, especially among plants. Interspecific gene flow generates novel genetic variants adaptable to different environments, but it is also a gene introgression mechanism in crops to increase their agronomical yield. An estimate of 9% of interspecific hybridization has been reported although the frequency varies among taxa. Homoploid hybrid speciation is rare compared to allopolyploidy. Chromosome doubling after hybridization is the result of cellular defects produced mainly during meiosis. Unreduced gametes, which are formed at an average frequency of 2.52% across species, are the result of altered spindle organization or orientation, disturbed kinetochore functioning, abnormal cytokinesis, or loss of any meiotic division. Meiotic changes and their genetic basis, leading to the cytological diploidization of allopolyploids, are just beginning to be understood especially in wheat. However, the nature and mode of action of homoeologous recombination suppressor genes are poorly understood in other allopolyploids. The merger of two independent genomes causes a deep modification of their architecture, gene expression, and molecular interactions leading to the phenotype. We provide an overview of genomic changes and transcriptomic modifications that particularly occur at the early stages of allopolyploid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Blasio
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 4048, 14080 Cordova, Spain;
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomás Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Xu Y, Jia H, Tan C, Wu X, Deng X, Xu Q. Apomixis: genetic basis and controlling genes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac150. [PMID: 36072837 PMCID: PMC9437720 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is the phenomenon of clonal reproduction by seed. As apomixis can produce clonal progeny with exactly the same genotype as the maternal plant, it has an important application in genotype fixation and accelerating agricultural breeding strategies. The introduction of apomixis to major crops would bring many benefits to agriculture, including permanent fixation of superior genotypes and simplifying the procedures of hybrid seed production, as well as purification and rejuvenation of crops propagated vegetatively. Although apomixis naturally occurs in more than 400 plant species, it is rare among the major crops. Currently, with better understanding of apomixis, some achievements have been made in synthetic apomixis. However, due to prevailing limitations, there is still a long way to go to achieve large-scale application of apomixis to crop breeding. Here, we compare the developmental features of apomixis and sexual plant reproduction and review the recent identification of apomixis genes, transposons, epigenetic regulation, and genetic events leading to apomixis. We also summarize the possible strategies and potential genes for engineering apomixis into crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huihui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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A CENH3 mutation promotes meiotic exit and restores fertility in SMG7-deficient Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009779. [PMID: 34591845 PMCID: PMC8509889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis in angiosperm plants is followed by mitotic divisions to form multicellular haploid gametophytes. Termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is, in Arabidopsis, governed by a dedicated mechanism that involves SMG7 and TDM1 proteins. Mutants carrying the smg7-6 allele are semi-fertile due to reduced pollen production. We found that instead of forming tetrads, smg7-6 pollen mother cells undergo multiple rounds of chromosome condensation and spindle assembly at the end of meiosis, resembling aberrant attempts to undergo additional meiotic divisions. A suppressor screen uncovered a mutation in centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) that increased fertility and promoted meiotic exit in smg7-6 plants. The mutation led to inefficient splicing of the CENH3 mRNA and a substantial decrease of CENH3, resulting in smaller centromeres. The reduced level of CENH3 delayed formation of the mitotic spindle but did not have an apparent effect on plant growth and development. We suggest that impaired spindle re-assembly at the end of meiosis limits aberrant divisions in smg7-6 plants and promotes formation of tetrads and viable pollen. Furthermore, the mutant with reduced level of CENH3 was very inefficient haploid inducer indicating that differences in centromere size is not the key determinant of centromere-mediated genome elimination. Meiosis is a reductional cell division that halves number of chromosomes during two successive rounds of chromosome segregation without intervening DNA replication. Such mode of chromosome segregation requires extensive reprogramming of the cell division machinery at the entry to meiosis, and inactivation of the meiotic program upon the formation of haploid spores. Here we showed that Arabidopsis partially deficient in the RNA decay factor SMG7 fail to exit meiosis and continue with attempts to undergo additional cycles of post-meiotic chromosome segregations without genome replication. This results in a reduced number of viable pollen and diminished fertility. To find genes involved in meiotic exit, we performed a suppressor screen for the SMG7-deicient plants that re-gain fertility. We found that reducing the amount of centromeric histone partially restores pollen formation and fertility in smg7 mutants. This is likely due to inefficient formation of centromere-microtubule interactions that impairs spindle reassembly and re-entry into aberrant rounds of post-meiotic chromosome segregation.
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Wang Y, van Rengs WMJ, Zaidan MWAM, Underwood CJ. Meiosis in crops: from genes to genomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6091-6109. [PMID: 34009331 PMCID: PMC8483783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a key feature of sexual reproduction. During meiosis homologous chromosomes replicate, recombine, and randomly segregate, followed by the segregation of sister chromatids to produce haploid cells. The unique genotypes of recombinant gametes are an essential substrate for the selection of superior genotypes in natural populations and in plant breeding. In this review we summarize current knowledge on meiosis in diverse monocot and dicot crop species and provide a comprehensive resource of cloned meiotic mutants in six crop species (rice, maize, wheat, barley, tomato, and Brassica species). Generally, the functional roles of meiotic proteins are conserved between plant species, but we highlight notable differences in mutant phenotypes. The physical lengths of plant chromosomes vary greatly; for instance, wheat chromosomes are roughly one order of magnitude longer than those of rice. We explore how chromosomal distribution for crossover recombination can vary between species. We conclude that research on meiosis in crops will continue to complement that in Arabidopsis, and alongside possible applications in plant breeding will facilitate a better understanding of how the different stages of meiosis are controlled in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Wang
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem M J van Rengs
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohd Waznul Adly Mohd Zaidan
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
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Yang F, Fernández-Jiménez N, Tučková M, Vrána J, Cápal P, Díaz M, Pradillo M, Pecinka A. Defects in meiotic chromosome segregation lead to unreduced male gametes in Arabidopsis SMC5/6 complex mutants. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3104-3119. [PMID: 34240187 PMCID: PMC8462810 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex is a crucial factor for preserving genome stability. Here, we show that mutants for several Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SMC5/6 complex subunits produce triploid offspring. This phenotype is caused by a meiotic defect leading to the production of unreduced male gametes. The SMC5/6 complex mutants show an absence of chromosome segregation during the first and/or the second meiotic division, as well as a partially disorganized microtubule network. Importantly, although the SMC5/6 complex is partly required for the repair of SPO11-induced DNA double-strand breaks, the nonreduction described here is SPO11-independent. The measured high rate of ovule abortion suggests that, if produced, such defects are maternally lethal. Upon fertilization with an unreduced pollen, the unbalanced maternal and paternal genome dosage in the endosperm most likely causes seed abortion observed in several SMC5/6 complex mutants. In conclusion, we describe the function of the SMC5/6 complex in the maintenance of gametophytic ploidy in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yang
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadia Fernández-Jiménez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Tučková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Díaz
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Li W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes involved in SDR unreduced female gamete formation in the diploid rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Sato M, Kakui Y, Toya M. Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660322. [PMID: 33898463 PMCID: PMC8060462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kakui
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Toya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Orr JN, Waugh R, Colas I. Ubiquitination in Plant Meiosis: Recent Advances and High Throughput Methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667314. [PMID: 33897750 PMCID: PMC8058418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division which is essential to sexual reproduction. The success of this highly ordered process involves the timely activation, interaction, movement, and removal of many proteins. Ubiquitination is an extraordinarily diverse post-translational modification with a regulatory role in almost all cellular processes. During meiosis, ubiquitin localizes to chromatin and the expression of genes related to ubiquitination appears to be enhanced. This may be due to extensive protein turnover mediated by proteasomal degradation. However, degradation is not the only substrate fate conferred by ubiquitination which may also mediate, for example, the activation of key transcription factors. In plant meiosis, the specific roles of several components of the ubiquitination cascade-particularly SCF complex proteins, the APC/C, and HEI10-have been partially characterized indicating diverse roles in chromosome segregation, recombination, and synapsis. Nonetheless, these components remain comparatively poorly understood to their counterparts in other processes and in other eukaryotes. In this review, we present an overview of our understanding of the role of ubiquitination in plant meiosis, highlighting recent advances, remaining challenges, and high throughput methods which may be used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N. Orr
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabelle Colas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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22
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Liu B, Jin C, De Storme N, Schotte S, Schindfessel C, De Meyer T, Geelen D. A Hypomorphic Mutant of PHD Domain Protein Male Meiocytes Death 1. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:516. [PMID: 33916197 PMCID: PMC8066392 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis drives reciprocal genetic exchanges and produces gametes with halved chromosome number, which is important for the genetic diversity, plant viability, and ploidy consistency of flowering plants. Alterations in chromosome dynamics and/or cytokinesis during meiosis may lead to meiotic restitution and the formation of unreduced microspores. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant male meiotic restitution 1 (mmr1), which produces a small subpopulation of diploid or polyploid pollen grains. Cytological analysis revealed that mmr1 produces dyads, triads, and monads indicative of male meiotic restitution. Both homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids in mmr1 are separated normally, but chromosome condensation at metaphase I is slightly affected. The mmr1 mutant displayed incomplete meiotic cytokinesis. Supportively, immunostaining of the microtubular cytoskeleton showed that the spindle organization at anaphase II and mini-phragmoplast formation at telophase II are aberrant. The causative mutation in mmr1 was mapped to chromosome 1 at the chromatin regulator Male Meiocyte Death 1 (MMD1/DUET) locus. mmr1 contains a C-to-T transition at the third exon of MMD1/DUET at the genomic position 2168 bp from the start codon, which causes an amino acid change G618D that locates in the conserved PHD-finger domain of histone binding proteins. The F1 progenies of mmr1 crossing with knockout mmd1/duet mutant exhibited same meiotic defects and similar meiotic restitution rate as mmr1. Taken together, we here report a hypomorphic mmd1/duet allele that typically shows defects in microtubule organization and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chunlian Jin
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Nico De Storme
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Schotte
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Cédric Schindfessel
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Danny Geelen
- Unit HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.J.); (N.D.S.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
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Sofroni K, Takatsuka H, Yang C, Dissmeyer N, Komaki S, Hamamura Y, Böttger L, Umeda M, Schnittger A. CDKD-dependent activation of CDKA;1 controls microtubule dynamics and cytokinesis during meiosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151917. [PMID: 32609301 PMCID: PMC7401817 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of cytoskeleton dynamics and its tight coordination with chromosomal events are key to cell division. This is exemplified by formation of the spindle and execution of cytokinesis after nuclear division. Here, we reveal that the central cell cycle regulator CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE A;1 (CDKA;1), the Arabidopsis homologue of Cdk1 and Cdk2, partially in conjunction with CYCLIN B3;1 (CYCB3;1), is a key regulator of the microtubule cytoskeleton in meiosis. For full CDKA;1 activity, the function of three redundantly acting CDK-activating kinases (CAKs), CDKD;1, CDKD;2, and CDKD;3, is necessary. Progressive loss of these genes in combination with a weak loss-of-function mutant in CDKA;1 allowed a fine-grained dissection of the requirement of cell-cycle kinase activity for meiosis. Notably, a moderate reduction of CDKA;1 activity converts the simultaneous cytokinesis in Arabidopsis, i.e., one cytokinesis separating all four meiotic products concurrently into two successive cytokineses with cell wall formation after the first and second meiotic division, as found in many monocotyledonous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostika Sofroni
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Chao Yang
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lev Böttger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
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Saleme MDLS, Andrade IR, Eloy NB. The Role of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in Plant Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642934. [PMID: 33719322 PMCID: PMC7943633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
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25
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Juranić M, Nagahatenna DSK, Salinas-Gamboa R, Hand ML, Sánchez-León N, Leong WH, How T, Bazanova N, Spriggs A, Vielle-Calzada JP, Koltunow AMG. A detached leaf assay for testing transient gene expression and gene editing in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:88. [PMID: 32549904 PMCID: PMC7296760 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The legume cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is extensively grown in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea, like many legumes has proved recalcitrant to plant transformation. A rapid transient leaf assay was developed for testing gene expression and editing constructs prior to stable cowpea transformation, to accelerate cowpea and legume crop improvement. RESULTS Attempts to develop a transient protoplast system for cowpea were unsuccessful. Leaflets from plants 3-4 weeks post-germination were age selected to establish a rapid Agrobacterium (Agro) infiltration-mediated transient system for efficacy testing of gene expression and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing constructs. In planta, Agro-infiltration of leaflets with fluorescent expression constructs, resulted in necrosis. By contrast, Agro-infiltration of detached leaflets with an Arabidopsis (At) ubiquitin3 promoter:ZsGreen construct, followed by culture on solid nutrient medium resulted in fluorescence in over 48% of leaf cells. Expression efficiency was leaf age-dependent. Three cowpea meiosis genes were identified for CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing, with the forward aim of meiosis-knock out for asexual seed induction in cowpea. Constructs were designed and tested containing candidate gene-specific guide RNAs, expressed using either the cowpea or Arabidopsis U6 promoters with Cas9 expression directed by either the Arabidopsis 40S ribosomal protein or parsley ubiquitin4-2 promoters. Leaflets were infiltrated with test gene-editing constructs and analytical methods developed to identify gene-specific mutations. A construct that produced mutations predicted to induce functional knockout of in the VuSPO11-1 meiosis gene was tested for efficacy in primary transgenic cowpea plants using a previously established stable transformation protocol. Vuspo11-1 mutants were identified, that cytologically phenocopied spo11-1 mutants previously characterized in Arabidopsis, and rice. Importantly, a biallelic male and female sterile mutant was identified in primary transgenics, exhibiting the expected defects in 100% of examined male and female meiocytes. CONCLUSION The transient, detached cowpea leaf assay, and supporting analytical methods developed, provide a rapid and reproducible means for testing gene expression constructs, and constructs for inducing mutagenesis in genes involved in both vegetative and reproductive developmental programs. The method and tested editing constructs and components have potential application for a range of crop legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Juranić
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Dilrukshi S. K. Nagahatenna
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Rigel Salinas-Gamboa
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Melanie L. Hand
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Nidia Sánchez-León
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Weng Herng Leong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Tracy How
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Andrew Spriggs
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Anna M. G. Koltunow
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present Address: Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Martinez-Garcia M, Fernández-Jiménez N, Santos JL, Pradillo M. Duplication and divergence: New insights into AXR1 and AXL functions in DNA repair and meiosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8860. [PMID: 32483285 PMCID: PMC7264244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubylation is a conserved regulatory pathway similar to ubiquitination and essential in the response to the plant hormone auxin. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AUXIN RESISTANT1 (AXR1) functions as the E1-ligase in the rubylation pathway. The gene AXR1-LIKE (AXL), generated by a relatively recent duplication event, can partially replace AXR1 in this pathway. We have analysed mutants deficient for both proteins and complementation lines (with the AXR1 promoter and either AXR1 or AXL coding sequences) to further study the extent of functional redundancy between both genes regarding two processes: meiosis and DNA repair. Here we report that whereas AXR1 is essential to ensure the obligatory chiasma, AXL seems to be dispensable during meiosis, although its absence slightly alters chiasma distribution. In addition, expression of key DNA repair and meiotic genes is altered when either AXR1 or AXL are absent. Furthermore, our results support a significant role for both genes in DNA repair that was not previously described. These findings highlight that AXR1 and AXL show a functional divergence in relation to their involvement in homologous recombination, exemplifying a duplicate retention model in which one copy tends to have more sub-functions than its paralog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez-Garcia
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nadia Fernández-Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan L Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Zhu J, Lou Y, Shi QS, Zhang S, Zhou WT, Yang J, Zhang C, Yao XZ, Xu T, Liu JL, Zhou L, Hou JQ, Wang JQ, Wang S, Huang XH, Yang ZN. Slowing development restores the fertility of thermo-sensitive male-sterile plant lines. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:360-367. [PMID: 32231254 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines are widely used in the breeding of hybrid crops1,2, but by what means temperature as a general environmental factor reverses the fertility of different TGMS lines remains unknown. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis TGMS line named reversible male sterile (rvms) that is fertile at low temperature (17 °C) and encodes a GDSL lipase. Cytological observations and statistical analysis showed that low temperature slows pollen development. Further screening of restorers of rvms, as well as crossing with a slow-growth line at normal temperature (24 °C), demonstrate that slowing of development overcomes the defects of rvms microspores and allows them to develop into functional pollen. Several other Arabidopsis TGMS lines were identified, and their fertility was also restored by slowing of development. Given that male reproductive development is conserved3, we propose that slowing of development is a general mechanism applicable to the sterility-fertility conversion of TGMS lines from different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Hui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Wang F, Zhang R, Feng W, Tsuchiya D, Ballew O, Li J, Denic V, Lacefield S. Autophagy of an Amyloid-like Translational Repressor Regulates Meiotic Exit. Dev Cell 2020; 52:141-151.e5. [PMID: 31991104 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We explored the potential for autophagy to regulate budding yeast meiosis. Following pre-meiotic DNA replication, we blocked autophagy by chemical inhibition of Atg1 kinase or engineered degradation of Atg14 and observed homologous chromosome segregation followed by sister chromatid separation; cells then underwent additional rounds of spindle formation and disassembly without DNA re-replication, leading to aberrant chromosome segregation. Analysis of cell-cycle regulators revealed that autophagy inhibition prevents meiosis II-specific expression of Clb3 and leads to the aberrant persistence of Clb1 and Cdc5, two substrates of a meiotic ubiquitin ligase activated by Ama1. Lastly, we found that during meiosis II, autophagy degrades Rim4, an amyloid-like translational repressor whose timed clearance regulates protein production from its mRNA targets, which include CLB3 and AMA1. Strikingly, engineered Clb3 or Ama1 production restored meiotic termination in the absence of autophagy. Thus, autophagy destroys a master regulator of meiotic gene expression to enable irreversible meiotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Rudian Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wenzhi Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Ballew
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vladimir Denic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Soni Lacefield
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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29
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Tang Q, Xu Y, Deng C, Cheng C, Dai Z, Yang Z, Liu C, Su J. A Full-Length Reference Floral Transcriptome of Boehmeria tricuspis Provides Insights into Apomeiosis and Polyploidy. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:4025747. [PMID: 31950027 PMCID: PMC6948294 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4025747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino constitutes a hardy herbaceous or shrubby perennial native to East Asia that includes different ploidy levels and reproductive modes (diplosporous to sexual). Although several apomeiosis-associated genes have been described, the genetic control and molecular mechanisms underlying apomeiosis remain poorly understood. Moreover, the basis of the correlation between polyploidy and apomixis has not yet been clarified. We utilized long-read sequencing to produce a full-length reference floral transcriptome of B. tricuspis. Based on the generated database, gene expression of the female flowers of different ploidy levels and reproductive mode cytotypes was compared. Overall, 1,387 genes related to apomeiosis, 217 genes related to ploidy, and 9 genes associated with both apomixis and ploidy were identified. Gene Ontology analyses of this set of transcripts indicated reproductive genes, especially those related to "cell differentiation" and "cell cycle process," as significant factors regulating apomeiosis. Furthermore, our results suggested that different expressions of stress response genes might be important in the preparation for apomeiosis transition. In addition, our observations indicated that the expression of apomeiosis may not depend on polyploidy but rather on deregulation of the sexual pathway in B. tricuspis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Canhui Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Chaohua Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Zemao Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
| | - Jianguang Su
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Processing of Bast Fiber, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha, 410205 Hunan, China
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30
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Fayos I, Mieulet D, Petit J, Meunier AC, Périn C, Nicolas A, Guiderdoni E. Engineering meiotic recombination pathways in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2062-2077. [PMID: 31199561 PMCID: PMC6790369 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, outstanding progress has been made in understanding the function of meiotic genes in the model dicot and monocot plants Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L.), respectively. This knowledge allowed to modulate meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis and, more recently, in rice. For instance, the overall frequency of crossovers (COs) has been stimulated 2.3- and 3.2-fold through the inactivation of the rice FANCM and RECQ4 DNA helicases, respectively, two genes involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as noncrossovers (NCOs) of the Class II crossover pathway. Differently, the programmed induction of DSBs and COs at desired sites is currently explored by guiding the SPO11-1 topoisomerase-like transesterase, initiating meiotic recombination in all eukaryotes, to specific target regions of the rice genome. Furthermore, the inactivation of 3 meiosis-specific genes, namely PAIR1, OsREC8 and OsOSD1, in the Mitosis instead of Meiosis (MiMe) mutant turned rice meiosis into mitosis, thereby abolishing recombination and achieving the first component of apomixis, apomeiosis. The successful translation of Arabidopsis results into a crop further allowed the implementation of two breakthrough strategies that triggered parthenogenesis from the MiMe unreduced clonal egg cell and completed the second component of diplosporous apomixis. Here, we review the most recent advances in and future prospects of the manipulation of meiotic recombination in rice and potentially other major crops, all essential for global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fayos
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Delphine Mieulet
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Julie Petit
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Cécile Meunier
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Christophe Périn
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3244University PSLParisFrance
- MeiogenixParisFrance
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Université de MontpellierCirad-Inra-Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
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31
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Xu R, Xu J, Wang L, Niu B, Copenhaver GP, Ma H, Zheng B, Wang Y. The Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome subunit 8 is required for male meiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:229-241. [PMID: 31230348 PMCID: PMC6771777 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation is required for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and is regulated by multiple mechanisms including the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is the largest known E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex and has been implicated in regulating chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis in animals. However, the role of the APC/C during plant meiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis APC8 is required for male meiosis. We used a combination of genetic analyses, cytology and immunolocalisation to define the function of AtAPC8 in male meiosis. Meiocytes from apc8-1 plants exhibit several meiotic defects including improper alignment of bivalents at metaphase I, unequal chromosome segregation during anaphase II, and subsequent formation of polyads. Immunolocalisation using an antitubulin antibody showed that APC8 is required for normal spindle morphology. We also observed mitotic defects in apc8-1, including abnormal sister chromatid segregation and microtubule morphology. Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis APC/C is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and that APC/C-mediated regulation of meiotic chromosome segregation is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesChenshan Botanical GardenShanghai201602China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Liudan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Baixiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Gregory P. Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599‐3280USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC27599‐3280USA
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Center for Evolutionary BiologyInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
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32
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Yang C, Sofroni K, Wijnker E, Hamamura Y, Carstens L, Harashima H, Stolze SC, Vezon D, Chelysheva L, Orban-Nemeth Z, Pochon G, Nakagami H, Schlögelhofer P, Grelon M, Schnittger A. The Arabidopsis Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 controls chromosome axis assembly during plant meiosis. EMBO J 2019; 39:e101625. [PMID: 31556459 PMCID: PMC6996576 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is key to sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 is an important regulator of meiosis needed for several aspects of meiosis such as chromosome synapsis. We identify the chromosome axis protein ASYNAPTIC 1 (ASY1), the Arabidopsis homolog of Hop1 (homolog pairing 1), essential for synaptonemal complex formation, as a target of CDKA;1. The phosphorylation of ASY1 is required for its recruitment to the chromosome axis via ASYNAPTIC 3 (ASY3), the Arabidopsis reductional division 1 (Red1) homolog, counteracting the disassembly activity of the AAA+ ATPase PACHYTENE CHECKPOINT 2 (PCH2). Furthermore, we have identified the closure motif in ASY1, typical for HORMA domain proteins, and provide evidence that the phosphorylation of ASY1 regulates the putative self-polymerization of ASY1 along the chromosome axis. Hence, the phosphorylation of ASY1 by CDKA;1 appears to be a two-pronged mechanism to initiate chromosome axis formation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Carstens
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Vezon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Orban-Nemeth
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaëtan Pochon
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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33
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Lawrence EJ, Gao H, Tock AJ, Lambing C, Blackwell AR, Feng X, Henderson IR. Natural Variation in TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b Controls Meiotic Crossover and Germline Transcription in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2676-2686.e3. [PMID: 31378616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic crossover frequency varies within genomes, which influences genetic diversity and adaptation. In turn, genetic variation within populations can act to modify crossover frequency in cis and trans. To identify genetic variation that controls meiotic crossover frequency, we screened Arabidopsis accessions using fluorescent recombination reporters. We mapped a genetic modifier of crossover frequency in Col × Bur populations of Arabidopsis to a premature stop codon within TBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4b (TAF4b), which encodes a subunit of the RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIID. The Arabidopsis taf4b mutation is a rare variant found in the British Isles, originating in South-West Ireland. Using genetics, genomics, and immunocytology, we demonstrate a genome-wide decrease in taf4b crossovers, with strongest reduction in the sub-telomeric regions. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from purified meiocytes, we show that TAF4b expression is meiocyte enriched, whereas its paralog TAF4 is broadly expressed. Consistent with the role of TFIID in promoting gene expression, RNA-seq of wild-type and taf4b meiocytes identified widespread transcriptional changes, including in genes that regulate the meiotic cell cycle and recombination. Therefore, TAF4b duplication is associated with acquisition of meiocyte-specific expression and promotion of germline transcription, which act directly or indirectly to elevate crossovers. This identifies a novel mode of meiotic recombination control via a general transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Lawrence
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Andrew J Tock
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Christophe Lambing
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Alexander R Blackwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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Brukhin V, Baskar R. A brief note on genes that trigger components of apomixis. J Biosci 2019; 44:45. [PMID: 31180058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis or asexual reproduction through seeds occurs in about 400 species of flowering plants producing genetically uniform progeny. During apomixis, meiosis is bypassed and embryos develop by parthenogenesis. However, the endosperm could form either autonomously without fertilization or sexually, depending on the plant species. Most probably, a heterochronic expression of sexually expressed genes is one of the reason that causes apomixis. A better understanding of the genetic components regulating apomixis is important for developmental and evolutionary studies and also for engineering apomixis traits into crop plants that may realize a possibility to propagate hybrid vigor in a range of subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Brukhin
- Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, 41 Sredniy Prospekt, Vasilievsky Island, Saint Petersburg, Russia 199004
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Prusicki MA, Keizer EM, van Rosmalen RP, Komaki S, Seifert F, Müller K, Wijnker E, Fleck C, Schnittger A. Live cell imaging of meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. eLife 2019; 8:e42834. [PMID: 31107238 PMCID: PMC6559805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To follow the dynamics of meiosis in the model plant Arabidopsis, we have established a live cell imaging setup to observe male meiocytes. Our method is based on the concomitant visualization of microtubules (MTs) and a meiotic cohesin subunit that allows following five cellular parameters: cell shape, MT array, nucleus position, nucleolus position, and chromatin condensation. We find that the states of these parameters are not randomly associated and identify 11 cellular states, referred to as landmarks, which occur much more frequently than closely related ones, indicating that they are convergence points during meiotic progression. As a first application of our system, we revisited a previously identified mutant in the meiotic A-type cyclin TARDY ASYNCHRONOUS MEIOSIS (TAM). Our imaging system enabled us to reveal both qualitatively and quantitatively altered landmarks in tam, foremost the formation of previously not recognized ectopic spindle- or phragmoplast-like structures that arise without attachment to chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Prusicki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Emma M Keizer
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rik P van Rosmalen
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Felix Seifert
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Katja Müller
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Fleck
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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Wang Y. Engineering stable heterosis. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Osman K, Yang J, Roitinger E, Lambing C, Heckmann S, Howell E, Cuacos M, Imre R, Dürnberger G, Mechtler K, Armstrong S, Franklin FCH. Affinity proteomics reveals extensive phosphorylation of the Brassica chromosome axis protein ASY1 and a network of associated proteins at prophase I of meiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:17-33. [PMID: 29078019 PMCID: PMC5767750 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During meiosis, the formation of crossovers (COs) generates genetic variation and provides physical links that are essential for accurate chromosome segregation. COs occur in the context of a proteinaceous chromosome axis. The transcriptomes and proteomes of anthers and meiocytes comprise several thousand genes and proteins, but because of the level of complexity relatively few have been functionally characterized. Our understanding of the physical and functional interactions between meiotic proteins is also limited. Here we use affinity proteomics to analyse the proteins that are associated with the meiotic chromosome axis protein, ASY1, in Brassica oleracea anthers and meiocytes. We show that during prophase I ASY1 and its interacting partner, ASY3, are extensively phosphorylated, and we precisely assign phosphorylation sites. We identify 589 proteins that co-immunoprecipitate with ASY1. These correspond to 492 Arabidopsis orthologues, over 90% of which form a coherent protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing known and candidate meiotic proteins, including proteins more usually associated with other cellular processes such as DNA replication and proteolysis. Mutant analysis confirms that affinity proteomics is a viable strategy for revealing previously unknown meiotic proteins, and we show how the PPI network can be used to prioritise candidates for analysis. Finally, we identify another axis-associated protein with a role in meiotic recombination. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Osman
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Present address:
Faculty of Engineering and ComputingCoventry UniversityCoventryCV1 5FBUK
| | | | - Christophe Lambing
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Present address:
Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Stefan Heckmann
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Present address:
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3D‐06466Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Elaine Howell
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Maria Cuacos
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Present address:
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3D‐06466Stadt SeelandGermany
| | | | - Gerhard Dürnberger
- IMP‐IMBA1030ViennaAustria
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant BiologyDr. Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
| | | | - Susan Armstrong
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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Liu B, De Storme N, Geelen D. Cold-Induced Male Meiotic Restitution in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Not Mediated by GA-DELLA Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:91. [PMID: 29459879 PMCID: PMC5807348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Short periods of cold stress induce male meiotic restitution and diploid pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana by specifically interfering with male meiotic cytokinesis. Similar alterations in male meiotic cell division and gametophytic ploidy stability occur when gibberellic acid (GA) signaling is perturbed in developing anthers. In this study, we found that exogenous application of GA primarily induces second division restitution (SDR)-type pollen in Arabidopsis, similar to what cold does. Driven by the close similarity in cellular defects, we tested the hypothesis that cold-induced meiotic restitution is mediated by GA-DELLA signaling. Using a combination of chemical, genetic and cytological approaches, however, we found that both exogenously and endogenously altered GA signaling do not affect the cold sensitivity of male meiotic cytokinesis. Moreover, in vivo localization study using a GFP-tagged version of RGA protein revealed that cold does not affect the expression pattern and abundance of DELLA in Arabidopsis anthers at tetrad stage. Expression study found that transcript of RGA appears enhanced in cold-stressed young flower buds. Since our previous work demonstrated that loss of function of DELLA causes irregular male meiotic cytokinesis, we here conclude that cold-induced meiotic restitution is not mediated by DELLA-dependent GA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Danny Geelen,
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Xu W, Martínez-García M, Pradillo M, Wang Y. Insights Into the Role of Ubiquitination in Meiosis: Fertility, Adaptation and Plant Breeding. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2018; 16:e0187. [PMID: 31068764 PMCID: PMC6501859 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that plays a central role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cell cell division, including meiosis. This modification affects different cellular processes on a global scale by its pleiotropic ability to modify numerous proteins. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and involves two rounds of nuclear division following a single round of DNA replication to produce haploid gametes. Unlike mitosis, meiosis has a unique prophase I, which involves homologous chromosome interaction including pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. Over the last several decades, molecular genetic studies have identified many proteins that participate in meiotic progression. In this review, we focus on the recent advances regarding the role of ubiquitination during plant meiotic cell cycle progression and recombination, especially the role played by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex and E3 ligases in modulating crossover formation and its impact on evolution and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, Alajuela 20102, Costa Rica
| | - Wanyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Marina Martínez-García
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Davey NE, Morgan DO. Building a Regulatory Network with Short Linear Sequence Motifs: Lessons from the Degrons of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Mol Cell 2017; 64:12-23. [PMID: 27716480 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that polyubiquitinates specific substrates at precise times in the cell cycle, thereby triggering the events of late mitosis in a strict order. The robust substrate specificity of the APC/C prevents the potentially deleterious degradation of non-APC/C substrates and also averts the cell-cycle errors and genomic instability that could result from mistimed degradation of APC/C targets. The APC/C recognizes short linear sequence motifs, or degrons, on its substrates. The specific and timely modification and degradation of APC/C substrates is likely to be modulated by variations in degron sequence and context. We discuss the extensive affinity, specificity, and selectivity determinants encoded in APC/C degrons, and we describe some of the extrinsic mechanisms that control APC/C-substrate recognition. As an archetype for protein motif-driven regulation of cell function, the APC/C-substrate interaction provides insights into the general properties of post-translational regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - David O Morgan
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Mieulet D, Jolivet S, Rivard M, Cromer L, Vernet A, Mayonove P, Pereira L, Droc G, Courtois B, Guiderdoni E, Mercier R. Turning rice meiosis into mitosis. Cell Res 2016; 26:1242-1254. [PMID: 27767093 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of clonal reproduction through seeds (apomixis) in crops has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by allowing self-propagation of any elite variety, in particular F1 hybrids. In the sexual model plant Arabidopsis thaliana synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds can be artificially implemented by (i) combining three mutations to turn meiosis into mitosis (MiMe) and (ii) crossing the obtained clonal gametes with a line expressing modified CENH3 and whose genome is eliminated in the zygote. Here we show that additional combinations of mutations can turn Arabidopsis meiosis into mitosis and that a combination of three mutations in rice (Oryza sativa) efficiently turns meiosis into mitosis, leading to the production of male and female clonal diploid gametes in this major crop. Successful implementation of the MiMe technology in the phylogenetically distant eudicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice opens doors for its application to any flowering plant and paves the way for introducing apomixis in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Maud Rivard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | | | - Lucie Pereira
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gaëtan Droc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
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Yan X, Zeng X, Wang S, Li K, Yuan R, Gao H, Luo J, Liu F, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Wu G. Aberrant Meiotic Prophase I Leads to Genic Male Sterility in the Novel TE5A Mutant of Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33955. [PMID: 27670217 PMCID: PMC5037387 DOI: 10.1038/srep33955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) has already been extensively utilized for hybrid rapeseed production. TE5A is a novel thermo-sensitive dominant GMS line in Brassica napus, however, its mechanisms of GMS remain largely unclear. Histological and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of anthers showed that the male gamete development of TE5A was arrested at meiosis prophase I. EdU uptake of S-phase meiocytes revealed that the TE5A mutant could accomplish DNA replication, however, chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of TE5A showed that homologous chromosomes could not pair, synapse, condense and form bivalents. We then analyzed the transcriptome differences between young floral buds of sterile plants and its near-isogenic fertile plants through RNA-Seq. A total of 3,841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, some of which were associated with homologous chromosome behavior and cell cycle control during meiosis. Dynamic expression changes of selected candidate DEGs were then analyzed at different anther developmental stages. The present study not only demonstrated that the TE5A mutant had defects in meiotic prophase I via detailed cytological analysis, but also provided a global insight into GMS-associated DEGs and elucidated the mechanisms of GMS in TE5A through RNA-Seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junling Luo
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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Harashima H, Dissmeyer N, Hammann P, Nomura Y, Kramer K, Nakagami H, Schnittger A. Modulation of plant growth in vivo and identification of kinase substrates using an analog-sensitive variant of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE A;1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 27669979 PMCID: PMC5037886 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of protein activity by phosphorylation through kinases and subsequent de-phosphorylation by phosphatases is one of the most prominent cellular control mechanisms. Thus, identification of kinase substrates is pivotal for the understanding of many - if not all - molecular biological processes. Equally, the possibility to deliberately tune kinase activity is of great value to analyze the biological process controlled by a particular kinase. RESULTS Here we have applied a chemical genetic approach and generated an analog-sensitive version of CDKA;1, the central cell-cycle regulator in Arabidopsis and homolog of the yeast Cdc2/CDC28 kinases. This variant could largely rescue a cdka;1 mutant and is biochemically active, albeit less than the wild type. Applying bulky kinase inhibitors allowed the reduction of kinase activity in an organismic context in vivo and the modulation of plant growth. To isolate CDK substrates, we have adopted a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis strategy, and searched for proteins that showed mobility changes in fluorescently labeled extracts from plants expressing the analog-sensitive version of CDKA;1 with and without adding a bulky ATP variant. A pilot set of five proteins involved in a range of different processes could be confirmed in independent kinase assays to be phosphorylated by CDKA;1 approving the applicability of the here-developed method to identify substrates. CONCLUSION The here presented generation of an analog-sensitive CDKA;1 version is functional and represent a novel tool to modulate kinase activity in vivo and identify kinase substrates. Our here performed pilot screen led to the identification of CDK targets that link cell proliferation control to sugar metabolism, proline proteolysis, and glucosinolate production providing a hint how cell proliferation and growth are integrated with plant development and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Harashima
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Present address: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Present address: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, (Saale) Germany
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire FRC1589-CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Basic Immune System of Plants / Protein Mass Spectrometry, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Basic Immune System of Plants / Protein Mass Spectrometry, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Structure and function of histone methylation-binding proteins in plants. Biochem J 2016; 473:1663-80. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histones play important roles in modulating many essential biological processes in both animals and plants. These covalent modifications, including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and so on, are laid out and erased by histone-modifying enzymes and read out by effector proteins. Recent studies have revealed that a number of developmental processes in plants are under the control of histone post-translational modifications, such as floral transition, seed germination, organogenesis and morphogenesis. Therefore, it is critical to identify those protein domains, which could specifically recognize these post-translational modifications to modulate chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. In the present review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the structure and function of the histone methylation readers in plants, by focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana proteins.
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Cifuentes M, Jolivet S, Cromer L, Harashima H, Bulankova P, Renne C, Crismani W, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Schnittger A, Riha K, Mercier R. TDM1 Regulation Determines the Number of Meiotic Divisions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005856. [PMID: 26871453 PMCID: PMC4752240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control must be modified at meiosis to allow two divisions to follow a single round of DNA replication, resulting in ploidy reduction. The mechanisms that ensure meiosis termination at the end of the second and not at the end of first division are poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana TDM1, which has been previously shown to be essential for meiotic termination, interacts directly with the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Further, mutations in TDM1 in a conserved putative Cyclin-Dependant Kinase (CDK) phosphorylation site (T16-P17) dominantly provoked premature meiosis termination after the first division, and the production of diploid spores and gametes. The CDKA;1-CYCA1.2/TAM complex, which is required to prevent premature meiotic exit, phosphorylated TDM1 at T16 in vitro. Finally, while CYCA1;2/TAM was previously shown to be expressed only at meiosis I, TDM1 is present throughout meiosis. These data, together with epistasis analysis, lead us to propose that TDM1 is an APC/C component whose function is to ensure meiosis termination at the end of meiosis II, and whose activity is inhibited at meiosis I by CDKA;1-TAM-mediated phosphorylation to prevent premature meiotic exit. This provides a molecular mechanism for the differential decision of performing an additional round of division, or not, at the end of meiosis I and II, respectively. Meiosis is a fundamental process for sexually reproducing organisms that creates genetic diversity within populations. A key feature of meiosis is the reduction of the number of chromosomes, from two sets to one set, prior to fertilization. This reduction in chromosome number is due to two cell divisions following a single round of DNA replication. In this study, we analysed the mechanism which controls the number of cell divisions, ensuring that meiotic termination occurs after the second meiotic division, and not at the end of the first division. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to show that the gene TDM1 has a central role in regulating meiotic cell divisions. The integrity of the gene affects whether one, two or three meiotic divisions will occur. We further explain the relationship between TDM1 and its regulator the cyclin TAM, and how they work together to produce reproductive cells with a reduced number of chromosomes. This tightly controlled mechanism ensures the transmission of the correct number of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Petra Bulankova
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Renne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karel Riha
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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48
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Li S, Chen L, Zhang L, Li X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Dong F, Wan L, Liu K, Hong D, Yang G. BnaC9.SMG7b Functions as a Positive Regulator of the Number of Seeds per Silique in Brassica napus by Regulating the Formation of Functional Female Gametophytes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2744-60. [PMID: 26494121 PMCID: PMC4677898 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Number of seeds per silique (NSS) is an important determinant of seed yield potential in Brassicaceae crops, and it is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci. We previously mapped a major quantitative trait locus, qSS.C9, on the C9 chromosome that controls NSS in Brassica napus. To gain a better understanding of how qSS.C9 controls NSS in B. napus, we isolated this locus through a map-based cloning strategy. qSS.C9 encodes a predicted small protein with 119 amino acids, designated as BnaC9.SMG7b, that shows homology with the Ever ShorterTelomere1 tertratricopeptide repeats and Ever Shorter Telomere central domains of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SUPPRESSOR WITH MORPHOGENETIC EFFECTS ON GENITALIA7 (SMG7). BnaC9.SMG7b plays a role in regulating the formation of functional female gametophyte, thus determining the formation of functional megaspores and then mature ovules. Natural loss or artificial knockdown of BnaC9.SMG7b significantly reduces the number of functional ovules per silique and thus, results in decreased seed number, indicating that qSS.C9 is a positive regulator of NSS in B. napus. Sequence and function analyses show that BnaC9.SMG7b experiences a subfunctionalization process that causes loss of function in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, such as in Arabidopsis SMG7. Haplotype analysis in 84 accessions showed that the favorable BnaC9.SMG7b alleles are prevalent in modern B. napus germplasms, suggesting that this locus has been a major selection target of B. napus improvement. Our results represent the first step toward unraveling the molecular mechanism that controls the natural variation of NSS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Liwu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Xi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Zhikun Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Faming Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Lili Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
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49
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Niu B, Wang L, Zhang L, Ren D, Ren R, Copenhaver GP, Ma H, Wang Y. Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle 20.1 Is Required for Normal Meiotic Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Segregation. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3367-82. [PMID: 26672070 PMCID: PMC4707457 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell division requires proper spindle assembly; a surveillance pathway, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), monitors whether the spindle is normal and correctly attached to kinetochores. The SAC proteins regulate mitotic chromosome segregation by affecting CDC20 (Cell Division Cycle 20) function. However, it is unclear whether CDC20 regulates meiotic spindle assembly and proper homolog segregation. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CDC20.1 gene is indispensable for meiosis and male fertility. We demonstrate that cdc20.1 meiotic chromosomes align asynchronously and segregate unequally and the metaphase I spindle has aberrant morphology. Comparison of the distribution of meiotic stages at different time points between the wild type and cdc20.1 reveals a delay of meiotic progression from diakinesis to anaphase I. Furthermore, cdc20.1 meiocytes exhibit an abnormal distribution of a histone H3 phosphorylation mark mediated by the Aurora kinase, providing evidence that CDC20.1 regulates Aurora localization for meiotic chromosome segregation. Further evidence that CDC20.1 and Aurora are functionally related was provided by meiosis-specific knockdown of At-Aurora1 expression, resulting in meiotic chromosome segregation defects similar to those of cdc20.1. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for CDC20.1 in SAC-dependent meiotic chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liudan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ren Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gregory P Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China Center for Evolutionary Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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50
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Li J, Dukowic-Schulze S, Lindquist IE, Farmer AD, Kelly B, Li T, Smith AG, Retzel EF, Mudge J, Chen C. The plant-specific protein FEHLSTART controls male meiotic entry, initializing meiotic synchronization in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:659-71. [PMID: 26382719 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis marks the transition from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation in the life cycle of flowering plants, and creates genetic variations through homologous recombination. In most flowering plants, meiosis is highly synchronized within each anther, which is significant for efficient fertilization. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of entry into meiosis and exit from it, and only a few genes in Arabidopsis have been characterized with a role in regulating meiotic progression. In this study, we report the functional characterization of a plant-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, FEHLSTART (FST), a defect in which leads to premature meiotic entry and asynchronous meiosis, and results in decreased seed yield. Investigation of the time course of meiosis showed that the onset of leptotene, the first stage of prophase I, frequently occurred earlier in fst-1 than in the wild type. Asynchronous meiosis followed, which could manifest in the disruption of regular spindle structures and symmetric cell divisions in fst-1 mutants during the meiosis I/II transition. In accordance with frequently accelerated meiotic entry, whole-transcriptome analysis of fst-1 anthers undergoing meiosis revealed that 19 circadian rhythm genes were affected and 47 pollen-related genes were prematurely expressed at a higher level. Taken together, we propose that FST is required for normal meiotic entry and the establishment of meiotic synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Stefanie Dukowic-Schulze
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ingrid E Lindquist
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive E., Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Andrew D Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive E., Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alan G Smith
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ernest F Retzel
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive E., Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Joann Mudge
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive E., Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Changbin Chen
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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