1
|
Li X, Tang H, Xu T, Wang P, Ma F, Wei H, Fang Z, Wu X, Wang Y, Xue Y, Zhang B. N-terminal acetylation orchestrates glycolate-mediated ROS homeostasis to promote rice thermoresponsive growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1742-1757. [PMID: 38934055 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming poses a significant threat to global crop production and food security. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing thermoresponsive development in crops remains limited. Here we report that the auxiliary subunit of N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) in rice OsNAA15 is a prerequisite for rice thermoresponsive growth. OsNAA15 produces two isoforms OsNAA15.1 and OsNAA15.2, via temperature-dependent alternative splicing. Among the two, OsNAA15.1 is more likely to form a stable and functional NatA complex with the potential catalytic subunit OsNAA10, leading to a thermoresponsive N-terminal acetylome. Intriguingly, while OsNAA15.1 promotes plant growth under elevated temperatures, OsNAA15.2 exhibits an inhibitory effect. We identified two glycolate oxidases (GLO1/5) as major substrates from the thermoresponsive acetylome. These enzymes are involved in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosynthesis via glycolate oxidation. N-terminally acetylated GLO1/5 undergo their degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This leads to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting plant growth, particularly under high ambient temperatures. Conclusively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of N-terminal acetylation in orchestrating the glycolate-mediated ROS homeostasis to facilitate thermoresponsive growth in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huashan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biyao Zhang
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Long Y, Wang C, Liu C, Li H, Pu A, Dong Z, Wei X, Wan X. Molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight and their biotechnological breeding applications in maize and other cereal crops. J Adv Res 2024; 62:27-46. [PMID: 37739122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal crops are a primary energy source for humans. Grain size and weight affect both evolutionary fitness and grain yield of cereals. Although studies on gene mining and molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight are constantly emerging in cereal crops, only a few systematic reviews on the underlying molecular mechanisms and their breeding applications are available so far. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides a general state-of-the-art overview of molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies for improving grain size and weight of cereals as well as insights for future yield-improving biotechnology-assisted breeding. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, the evolution of research on grain size and weight over the last 20 years is traced based on a bibliometric analysis of 1158 publications and the main signaling pathways and transcriptional factors involved are summarized. In addition, the roles of post-transcriptional regulation and photosynthetic product accumulation affecting grain size and weight in maize and rice are outlined. State-of-the-art strategies for discovering novel genes related to grain size and weight in maize and other cereal crops as well as advanced breeding biotechnology strategies being used for improving yield including marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transgenic breeding, and genome editing are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Huangai Li
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Aqing Pu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaur A, Best NB, Hartwig T, Budka J, Khangura RS, McKenzie S, Aragón-Raygoza A, Strable J, Schulz B, Dilkes BP. A maize semi-dwarf mutant reveals a GRAS transcription factor involved in brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:3072-3096. [PMID: 38709680 PMCID: PMC11288745 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) and gibberellins (GA) regulate plant height and leaf angle in maize (Zea mays). Mutants with defects in BR or GA biosynthesis or signaling identify components of these pathways and enhance our knowledge about plant growth and development. In this study, we characterized three recessive mutant alleles of GRAS transcription factor 42 (gras42) in maize, a GRAS transcription factor gene orthologous to the DWARF AND LOW TILLERING (DLT) gene of rice (Oryza sativa). These maize mutants exhibited semi-dwarf stature, shorter and wider leaves, and more upright leaf angle. Transcriptome analysis revealed a role for GRAS42 as a determinant of BR signaling. Analysis of the expression consequences from loss of GRAS42 in the gras42-mu1021149 mutant indicated a weak loss of BR signaling in the mutant, consistent with its previously demonstrated role in BR signaling in rice. Loss of BR signaling was also evident by the enhancement of weak BR biosynthetic mutant alleles in double mutants of nana plant1-1 and gras42-mu1021149. The gras42-mu1021149 mutant had little effect on GA-regulated gene expression, suggesting that GRAS42 is not a regulator of core GA signaling genes in maize. Single-cell expression data identified gras42 expressed among cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle consistent with its previously demonstrated role in cell cycle gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Cis-acting natural variation controlling GRAS42 transcript accumulation was identified by expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) in maize. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for GRAS42/SCARECROW-LIKE 28 (SCL28)/DLT in BR signaling, clarify the role of this gene in GA signaling, and suggest mechanisms of tillering and leaf angle control by BR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Norman B Best
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Josh Budka
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rajdeep S Khangura
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Steven McKenzie
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alejandro Aragón-Raygoza
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brian P Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Y, Wang H, Bi Y, Wang J, Li D, Song F. A distinct protein posttranslational modifications-linked OsATL32-OsPPKL2-OsGSK2 loop modulates rice immunity against blast disease. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39056291 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications play crucial roles in plant immunity through modulating a complicated signaling network mediated by different hormones. We previously demonstrated that OsATL32, an ATL-type E3 ligase, negatively contributes to rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we show that OsATL32 forms a loop with OsPPKL2 and OsGSK2 through distinct protein posttranslational modifications to modulate rice immunity. OsATL32 ubiquitinates OsPPKL2, a protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domains that exerts positive roles in regulating rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered immune responses, for degradation. The glycogen synthase kinase 2 (OsGSK2), which acts as a negative regulator of rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered immune responses, phosphorylates OsATL32 to elevate its protein stability and E3 ligase activity on OsPPKL2. Moreover, OsPPKL2 directly dephosphorylates OsGSK2, affecting its kinase activity on substrates including OsATL32 for phosphorylation. Like OsGSK2 as a BR signaling repressor, OsATL32 negatively regulates BR signaling; conversely, OsPPKL2 plays a positive role in BR signaling. These findings provide a molecular mechanism in which OsATL32 serves as a node connecting BR signaling and immunity by associating with OsPPKL2 and OsGSK2, assembling into a distinct protein posttranslational modifications-linked loop that functions in rice BR signaling and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
You J, Ye L, Wang D, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Wei M, Wu R, Liu J, He G, Zhao F, Zhang T. Mapping and candidate gene analysis of QTLs for grain shape in a rice chromosome segment substitution line Z485 and breeding of SSSLs. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:39. [PMID: 38766512 PMCID: PMC11099003 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Grain shape is one of the most important factors that affects rice yield. Cloning novel grain shape genes and analyzing their genetic mechanisms are crucial for high yield breeding. In this study, a slender grain CSSL-Z485 with 3-segments substitution in the genetic background of Nipponbare was constructed in rice. Cytological analysis showed that the longer grain length of Z485 was related to the increase in glume cell numbers, while the narrower grain width was associated with the decrease in cell width. Three grain shape-related quantitative trait locus (QTLs), including qGL12, qGW12, and qRLW12, were identified through the F2 population constructed from a cross between Nipponbare and Z485. Furthermore, four single segment substitution lines (SSSLs, S1-S4) carrying the target QTLs were dissected from Z485 by MAS. Finally, three candidate genes of qGL12 for grain length and qGW12 for grain width located in S3 were confirmed by DNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and protein structure prediction. Specifically, candidate gene 1 encodes a ubiquitin family protein, while candidate genes 2 and 3 encode zinc finger proteins. The results provide valuable germplasm resources for cloning novel grain shape genes and molecular breeding by design. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01480-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Li Ye
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Dachuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Mi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ruhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Fangming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen S, Yang L, Li X, Chen W, Xu Z, Xu P, Wang H, Yu D. Transcription factor OsWRKY72 controls rice leaf angle by regulating LAZY1-mediated shoot gravitropism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1586-1600. [PMID: 38478430 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Leaf angle is a major trait of ideal architecture, which is considered to influence rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation and grain yield. Although a few mutants with altered rice leaf inclination angles have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a WRKY transcription factor gene, OsWRKY72, was highly expressed in the leaf sheath and lamina joint. Phenotypic analyses showed that oswrky72 mutants had smaller leaf angles than the wild type, while OsWRKY72 overexpression lines exhibited an increased leaf angle. This observation suggests that OsWRKY72 functions as a positive regulator, promoting the enlargement of the leaf angle. Our bioinformatics analysis identified LAZY1 as the downstream gene of OsWRKY72. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OsWRKY72 directly inhibited LAZY1 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, knocking out OsWRKY72 enhanced shoot gravitropism, which contrasted with the phenotype of lazy1 plants. These results imply that OsWRKY72 regulates the leaf angle through gravitropism by reducing the expression of LAZY1. In addition, OsWRKY72 could directly regulate the expression of other leaf angle-related genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 12 (OsFTL12) and WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE 11 (OsWAK11). Our study indicates that OsWRKY72 contributes positively to the expansion of the leaf angle by interfering with shoot gravitropism in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Shidie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan Y, Zhu X, Qi H, Zhang H, He J. Regulatory mechanism and molecular genetic dissection of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grain size. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27139. [PMID: 38486732 PMCID: PMC10938125 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
With the sharp increase of the global population, adequate food supply is a great challenge. Grain size is an essential determinant of rice yield and quality. It is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In this paper, we summarized the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been molecularly characterized and provided a comprehensive summary of the regulation mechanism and genetic pathways of rice grain size. These pathways include the ubiquitin-proteasome system, G-protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional factors, abiotic stress. In addition, we discuss the possible application of advanced molecular biology methods and reasonable breeding strategies, and prospective on the development of high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties using molecular biology techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Yan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Hui Qi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Jiwai He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang X, Lu J, Shi WJ, Chen YH, Yu JW, Chen SH, Zhao DS, Huang LC, Fan XL, Zhang CQ, Zhang L, Liu QQ, Li QF. RGA1 regulates grain size, rice quality and seed germination in the small and round grain mutant srg5. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:167. [PMID: 38438916 PMCID: PMC10910726 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating elite rice varieties with high yield and superior quality is the main goal of rice breeding programs. Key agronomic traits, including grain size and seed germination characteristics, affect the final yield and quality of rice. The RGA1 gene, which encodes the α-subunit of rice G-protein, plays an important role in regulating rice architecture, seed size and abiotic stress responses. However, whether RGA1 is involved in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination traits is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, a rice mutant small and round grain 5 (srg5), was identified in an EMS-induced rice mutant library. Systematic analysis of its major agronomic traits revealed that the srg5 mutant exhibited a semi-dwarf plant height with small and round grain and reduced panicle length. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of rice showed that the difference in rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) between the srg5 mutant and its wild-type control was small, but the appearance quality was significantly improved. Interestingly, a significant suppression of rice seed germination and shoot growth was observed in the srg5 mutant, which was mainly related to the regulation of ABA metabolism. RGA1 was identified as the candidate gene for the srg5 mutant by BSA analysis. A SNP at the splice site of the first intron disrupted the normal splicing of the RGA1 transcript precursor, resulting in a premature stop codon. Additional linkage analysis confirmed that the target gene causing the srg5 mutant phenotype was RGA1. Finally, the introduction of the RGA1 mutant allele into two indica rice varieties also resulted in small and round rice grains with less chalkiness. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that RGA1 is not only involved in the control of rice architecture and grain size, but also in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination. This study sheds new light on the biological functions of RGA1, thereby providing valuable information for future systematic analysis of the G-protein pathway and its potential application in rice breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu-Jian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wen Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sai-Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Chu C, Qian Q, Tong H. Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:86-98. [PMID: 37805340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gasparis S, Miłoszewski MM. Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Rice, Wheat, and Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16921. [PMID: 38069243 PMCID: PMC10706642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key component of grain yield in cereals. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Grain size is determined via several factors in different plant development stages, beginning with early tillering, spikelet formation, and assimilates accumulation during the pre-anthesis phase, up to grain filling and maturation. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control grain size is a prerequisite for improving grain yield potential. The last decade has brought significant progress in genomic studies of grain size control. Several genes underlying grain size and weight were identified and characterized in rice, which is a model plant for cereal crops. A molecular function analysis revealed most genes are involved in different cell signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and other physiological processes. Compared to rice, the genetic background of grain size in other important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, remains largely unexplored. However, the high level of conservation of genomic structure and sequences between closely related cereal crops should facilitate the identification of functional orthologs in other species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular bases of grain size and weight in wheat, barley, and rice, focusing on the latest discoveries in the field. We also present possibly the most updated list of experimentally validated genes that have a strong effect on grain size and discuss their molecular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song J, Liu K, Yang X, Chen Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu C, Wang J, Qiu L. QTL Mapping of Soybean ( Glycine max) Vine Growth Habit Trait. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14770. [PMID: 37834218 PMCID: PMC10572949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The vine growth habit (VGH) is a notable property of wild soybean plants that also holds a high degree of importance in domestication as it can preclude using these wild cultivars for breeding and improving domesticated soybeans. Here, a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach was employed to study the genetic etiology of the VGH in soybean plants by integrating linkage mapping and population sequencing approaches. To develop a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, the cultivated Zhongdou41 (ZD41) soybean cultivar was bred with ZYD02787, a wild soybean accession. The VGH status of each line in the resultant population was assessed, ultimately leading to the identification of six and nine QTLs from the BSA sequencing of the F4 population and F6-F8 population sequence mapping, respectively. One QTL shared across these analyzed generations was detected on chromosome 19. Three other QTLs detected by BSA-seq were validated and localized to the 90.93 kb, 2.9 Mb, and 602.08 kb regions of chromosomes 6 and 13, harboring 14, 53, and 4 genes, respectively. Three consistent VGH-related QTLs located on chromosomes 2 and 19 were detected in a minimum of three environments, while an additional six loci on chromosomes 2, 10, 13, and 18 were detected in at least two environments via ICIM mapping. Of all the detected loci, five had been reported previously whereas seven represent novel QTLs. Together, these data offer new insights into the genetic basis of the VGH in soybean plants, providing a rational basis to inform the use of wild accessions in future breeding efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Kanglin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xuezhen Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yajun Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Qichao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Caiyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cantos CF, dePamphilis CW, Assmann SM. Extra-large G proteins have extra-large effects on agronomic traits and stress tolerance in maize and rice. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1033-1044. [PMID: 37156701 PMCID: PMC10524845 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins - comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits - are ubiquitous elements in eukaryotic cell signaling. Plant genomes contain both canonical Gα subunit genes and a family of plant-specific extra-large G protein genes (XLGs) that encode proteins consisting of a domain with Gα-like features downstream of a long N-terminal domain. In this review we summarize phenotypes modulated by the canonical Gα and XLG proteins of arabidopsis and highlight recent studies in maize and rice that reveal dramatic phenotypic consequences of XLG clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) mutagenesis in these important crop species. XLGs have both redundant and specific roles in the control of agronomically relevant plant architecture and resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. We also point out areas of current controversy, suggest future research directions, and propose a revised, phylogenetically-based nomenclature for XLG protein genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai F, Ma H, Cai Y, Shahid MQ, Zheng Y, Lang C, Chen Z, Wu J, Liu X, Wang L. Natural allelic variation in GRAIN SIZE AND WEIGHT 3 of wild rice regulates the grain size and weight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:502-518. [PMID: 37249047 PMCID: PMC10469372 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is important for yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although many genes involved in grain size have been isolated, few can be used in breeding due to their interactions and phenotypic effects. Here, we describe natural variation in the granule-type quantitative trait locus GRAIN SIZE AND WEIGHT 3 (GSW3) located on chromosome 3 in wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) that encodes a GTPase-regulated protein and negatively regulates grain length, grain width, and 1,000-grain weight. The insertion of a 232-bp fragment of the genomic sequence in the wild rice, a natural allelic variant gene (GSW3), increased the expression levels and reduced the grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight. Knockout of GSW3 in the wild rice inbred line Huaye 3 increased the grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight. Introducing GSW3Huaye3 into cultivated rice line KJ01 and overexpressing GSW3Huaye3 in Huaye 3 resulted in reduced grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight, and grain size and 1,000-grain weight changes were closely related to GSW3 expression levels. GSW3 regulated the grain length and width simultaneously by promoting grain glume cell division and longitudinal and transverse cell growth. GSW3 was also involved in regulating the gibberellic acid signaling pathway and negatively regulated plant growth. Furthermore, a critical SNP in the GSW3 coding region was obviously correlated with grain size variation in a core collection of cultivated rice. This SNP resulted in an amino acid substitution from Gln to Arg at position 161 in GSW3, which reduced the grain size. Our study shows that GSW3 negatively regulates the grain shape, which could explain different grain shapes in modern cultivars and wild rice. GSW3 may also be used for breeding rice varieties with improved grain shapes and higher yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yichang Cai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuebin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chuan Lang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen E, Hou Q, Liu K, Gu Z, Dai B, Wang A, Feng Q, Zhao Y, Zhou C, Zhu J, Shangguan Y, Wang Y, Lv D, Fan D, Huang T, Wang Z, Huang X, Han B. Armadillo repeat only protein GS10 negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling to control rice grain size. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:967-981. [PMID: 36822628 PMCID: PMC10231457 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grain yield and grain quality are major determinants in modern breeding controlled by many quantitative traits loci (QTLs) in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanisms underlying grain shape and quality are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a QTL for grain size and grain quality via map-based cloning from wild rice (W1943), GS10 (Grain Size on Chromosome 10), which encodes a protein with 6 tandem armadillo repeats. The null mutant gs10 shows slender and narrow grains with altered cell size, which has a pleiotropic effect on other agronomical traits. Functional analysis reveals that GS10 interacts with TUD1 (Taihu Dwarf1) and is epistatic to OsGSK2 (glycogen synthase kinase 2) through regulating grain shape and lamina joint inclination, indicating it is negatively involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Pyramiding gs10 and the grain size gene GW5 into cultivar GLA4 substantially improved grain shape and appearance quality. Natural variation analysis revealed that gs10 from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon W1943 is a rare allele across the rice population. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of grain shape and provide the beneficial allele of gs10 for future rice breeding and genetic improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwang Chen
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qingqing Hou
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kun Liu
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhoulin Gu
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bingxin Dai
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ahong Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi Feng
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Congcong Zhou
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingying Shangguan
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Danfeng Lv
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Danlin Fan
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tao Huang
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuehui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bin Han
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang S, Zhao Z, Liu X, Sui Y, Zhang D, Zhi H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhao M, Li D, Wang K, He Q, Zhang R, Zhang W, Jia G, Tang W, Ye X, Wu C, Diao X. An E2-E3 pair contributes to seed size control in grain crops. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3091. [PMID: 37248257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate grain yield is important for improving agricultural productivity. Protein ubiquitination controls various aspects of plant growth but lacks understanding on how E2-E3 enzyme pairs impact grain yield in major crops. Here, we identified a RING-type E3 ligase SGD1 and its E2 partner SiUBC32 responsible for grain yield control in Setaria italica. The conserved role of SGD1 was observed in wheat, maize, and rice. Furthermore, SGD1 ubiquitinates the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, stabilizing it and promoting plant growth. Overexpression of an elite SGD1 haplotype improved grain yield by about 12.8% per plant, and promote complex biological processes such as protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, stress responses, photosystem stabilization, and nitrogen metabolism. Our research not only identifies the SiUBC32-SGD1-BRI1 genetic module that contributes to grain yield improvement but also provides a strategy for exploring key genes controlling important traits in Poaceae crops using the Setaria model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu D, Zhang X, Li Q, Xiao Y, Zhang G, Yin W, Niu M, Meng W, Dong N, Liu J, Yang Y, Xie Q, Chu C, Tong H. The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100450. [PMID: 36127877 PMCID: PMC10030317 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones with great potential for use in crop improvement. De-repression is usually one of the key events in hormone signaling. However, how the stability of GSK2, the central negative regulator of BR signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), is regulated by BRs remains elusive. Here, we identify the U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 as a GSK2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein. Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2. Consistent with this finding, GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability. By contrast, BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation. Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenchao Yin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Niu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nana Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang G, Liu Y, Xie Q, Tong H, Chu C. Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling and variable nutrient environments. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0. [PMID: 36907968 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) represents a group of steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as environmental adaptation. The fluctuation of external nutrient elements is a situation that plants frequently face in the natural environment, in which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two of the most critical nutrients restraint of the early growth of plants. As the macronutrients, N and P are highly required by plants, but their availability or solubility in the soil is relatively low. Since iron (Fe) and P always modulate each other's content and function in plants mutually antagonistically, the regulatory mechanisms of Fe and P are inextricably linked. Recently, BR has emerged as a critical regulator in nutrient acquisition and phenotypic plasticity in response to the variable nutrient levels in Arabidopsis and rice. Here, we review the current understanding of the crosstalk between BR and the three major nutrients (N, P, and Fe), highlighting how nutrient signaling regulates BR synthesis and signaling to accommodate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis and rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong Y, Zhang M, Xu R. Genetic Localization and Homologous Genes Mining for Barley Grain Size. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054932. [PMID: 36902360 PMCID: PMC10003025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining barley yield and quality. An increasing number of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for grain size have been reported due to the improvement in genome sequencing and mapping. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning barley grain size is vital for producing elite cultivars and accelerating breeding processes. In this review, we summarize the achievements in the molecular mapping of barley grain size over the past two decades, highlighting the results of QTL linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies. We discuss the QTL hotspots and predict candidate genes in detail. Moreover, reported homologs that determine the seed size clustered into several signaling pathways in model plants are also listed, providing the theoretical basis for mining genetic resources and regulatory networks of barley grain size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tian P, Liu J, Yan B, Zhou C, Wang H, Shen R. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:283-295. [PMID: 36346128 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a crucial class of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development, thus affecting many important agronomic traits in crops. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the BR signalling pathway in rice. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to indicate that BR-SIGNALING KINASE1-1 (OsBSK1-1) likely represents a missing component in the BR signalling pathway in rice. We showed that knockout mutants of OsBSK1-1 are less sensitive to BR and exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including lower plant height, less tiller number and shortened grain length, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing a gain-of-function dominant mutant form of OsBSK1-1 (OsBSK1-1A295V) are hypersensitive to BR, and exhibit some enhanced BR-responsive phenotypes. We found that OsBSK1-1 physically interacts with the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2 (OsGSK2), a downstream component crucial for BR signalling. Moreover, we showed that OsBSK1-1 can be phosphorylated by OsBRI1 and can inhibit OsGSK2-mediated phosphorylation of BRASSINOSTEROID RESISTANT1 (OsBZR1). We further demonstrated that OsBSK1-1 genetically acts downstream of OsBRI1, but upstream of OsGSK2. Together, our results suggest that OsBSK1-1 may serve as a scaffold protein directly bridging OsBRI1 and OsGSK2 to positively regulate BR signalling, thus affecting plant architecture and grain size in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiafan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Baohui Yan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongxin Shen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng X, Huang Y, Tan Y, Tan L, Yin J, Zou G. Potentially Useful Dwarfing or Semi-dwarfing Genes in Rice Breeding in Addition to the sd1 Gene. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:66. [PMID: 36542176 PMCID: PMC9772376 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The "Green revolution" gene sd1 has been used widely in the breeding of modern rice varieties for over half a century. The application of this gene has increased rice yields and thereby supported a significant proportion of the global population. The use of a single gene, however, has raised concerns in the scientific community regarding its durability, especially given the bottleneck in genetic background and the need for large input of fertilizer. New dwarfing or semi-dwarfing genes are needed to alleviate our dependence on the sole "Green revolution" gene. In the past few years, several new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing genes as well as their mutants have been reported. Here, we provide an extensive review of the recent discoveries concerning newly identified genes that are potentially useful in rice breeding, including methods employed to create and effectively screen new rice mutants, the phenotypic characteristics of the new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing mutants, potential values of the new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing genes in rice breeding, and potential molecular mechanisms associated with the newly identified genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mao Z, Di X, Xia S, Chen Q, Ma X, Chen M, Yang Z, Zhao F, Ling Y. Detecting and pyramiding target QTL for plant- and grain-related traits via chromosomal segment substitution line of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020847. [PMID: 36589042 PMCID: PMC9800928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant height and grain length are important agronomic traits in rice, exhibiting a strong effect on plant architecture and grain quality of rice varieties. METHODS Methods: A novel rice chromosomal segment substitution line (CSSL), i.e., CSSL-Z1357, with significantly increased plant height (PH) and grain length (GL) was identified from CSSLs constructed by using Nipponbare as a receptor and a restorer line Xihui 18 as a donor. Seven agronomic traits of PH, PL, GL, GW, GPP, SPP, and TGW were phenotyped, and REML implemented in HPMIXED of SAS were used to detect the QTL for these traits. Secondary CSSLs were screened out via marker-assisted selection (MAS) to estimate the additive and epistatic effects of detected QTLs, evaluating the potential utilization of pyramiding the target QTLs for yield and quality improvement of rice varieties. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results and Discussion: CSSL-Z1357 carried nine segments from Xihui 18 with an average segment length of 4.13 Mb. The results show that the long grain of CSSL-Z1357 was caused by the increased number of surface cells and the length of the inner glume. Thirteen quantitative trait loci were identified via the F2 population of Nipponbare/CSSL-Z1357, including three each for GL (qGL-3, qGL-6, and qGL-7) and PH (qPH-1, qPH-7, and qPH-12I), among which qGL-3 increased GL by 0.23 mm with synergistic allele from CSSL-Z1357. Additionally, three single (S1 to S3), two double (D1, D2), and one triple segment (T1) substitution lines were developed in F3 via MAS. Results show that pyramiding the segments from Chr.3 (qGL-3 and qPH-3), Chr.6 (qGL-6 and qPH-6), and Chr.7 (Null and qPH-7) tended to result in better phenotype of increased GL and PH and decreased grain width, providing a potential basis for enhancing grain yield and quality in rice breeding.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Sardar R, Ismail MA. Triacontanol priming as a smart strategy to attenuate lead toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1173-1188. [PMID: 36384370 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2143478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent heavy metal pollutant in the environment is lead (Pb). Lead potentially contribute 10% of overall heavy metal contamination. Lead uptake by plants has been found to have an impact on their metabolic functions, photosynthetic activity, growth, and productivity. The current experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of triacontanol (Tria) for attenuating Pb stress in Brassica oleracea var. italic (broccoli). Three different Tria concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µmol L-1) were used to prime broccoli seeds. Growth of broccoli was reduced when exposed to Pb-driven toxicity. Additionally, Pb had a deleterious impact on the protein quantity, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate. Nevertheless, plants grown from seeds primed with Tria2 (20 µmol L-1 Tria) exhibited improved morphological characteristics, uptake of mineral content (Mn+2, Zn+2, K+1, Na+1) along with biomass production. There was 1.6-fold increase in photosynthetic rate, the phenol (1.3 folds), and DPPH activity (1.2 folds) in seed primed with Tria2. Additionally, plants treated with Tria2 demonstrated enhanced MTI and gas exchange characteristics that improves plant stress tolerance under Pb stress. Seed priming with Tria can be used to increase plant tolerance to Pb stress as evidenced by the improved growth and biochemical characteristics of broccoli seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Ismail
- Department of Information Technology, Lahore Institute of Technical Education (LITE), Lahore Cantt, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pruthi R, Chapagain S, Coronejo S, Singh L, Subudhi PK. Quantitative trait loci, candidate genes, and breeding lines to improve salt tolerance at the flowering and seedling stages in rice. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Pruthi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Sandeep Chapagain
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Sapphire Coronejo
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Lovepreet Singh
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Prasant Kumar Subudhi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inhibition of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Family by the Bikinin Alleviates the Long-Term Effects of Salinity in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911644. [PMID: 36232941 PMCID: PMC9569769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops grown under stress conditions show restricted growth and, eventually, reduced yield. Among others, brassinosteroids (BRs) mitigate the effects of stress and improve plant growth. We used two barley cultivars with differing sensitivities to BRs, as determined by the lamina joint inclination test. Barley plants with the 2nd unfolded leaf were sprayed with a diluted series of bikinin, an inhibitor of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) family, which controls the BR signaling pathway. Barley was grown under salt stress conditions up to the start of the 5th leaf growth stage. The phenotypical, molecular, and physiological changes were determined. Our results indicate that the salt tolerance of barley depends on its sensitivity to BRs. We confirmed that barley treatment with bikinin reduced the level of the phosphorylated form of HvBZR1, the activity of which is regulated by GSK3. The use of two barley varieties with different responses to salinity led to the identification of the role of BR signaling in photosynthesis activity. These results suggest that salinity reduces the expression of the genes controlling the BR signaling pathway. Moreover, the results also suggest that the functional analysis of the GSK3 family in stress responses can be a tool for plant breeding in order to improve crops’ resistance to salinity or to other stresses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu B, Chen W, Wan L, Li T, Wang H, Wang Y, Pu Z, Tu B, Yuan H, Wang Y, Ma B, Qin P, Li S. Short grain 5 controls grain length in rice by regulating cell expansion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111412. [PMID: 35961516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grain shape is a crucial determinant of grain weight and quality and plays a vital role in rice breeding. Although many grain shape-related genes have been reported, the regulatory relationship between them has not been well characterized in rice. In this study, we report the isolation of a short-grain-length mutant called sg5 from the heavy-panicle-type hybrid rice elite restorer line 'ShuhuiR498' (R498) after ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treatment. MutMap cloning revealed that SG5 encodes a Myb-like transcription factor. A missense mutation in the first exon of SG5 was found to cause an amino acid change from leucine to proline at position 197 in the mutant SG5 protein. Gene knockout and genetic complementation experiments confirmed that the point mutation in SG5 was responsible for the sg5 mutant phenotype. SG5 is mainly expressed in young panicles and hulls. In addition, the SG5 protein is found in the nucleus and does not affect subcellular localization. Histochemical observation and gene expression analysis indicated that SG5 regulates spikelet hull development by mediating cell expansion. Moreover, the expression levels of BG1, GS2, and DEP1 were reduced in sg5 plants, and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that SG5 can bind to the BG1 gene promoter. The effect of pyramiding sg5 and GS3 suggests that sg5 and GS3 regulate grain length independently. The results of our study show that the missense mutation in sg5 is essential for the molecular function of SG5 and SG5 is involved in regulating cell expansion and expression of grain-shape-related genes to regulate grain length. This work provides new data to help study and understand the molecular function of SG5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China; Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wan
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangkai Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Pu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Classification and Expression Profile of the U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Enzyme Gene Family in Maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192459. [PMID: 36235327 PMCID: PMC9573083 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The U-box E3 (PUB) family genes encode the E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme, which determines substrate specific recognition during protein ubiquitination. They are widespread in plants and are critical for plant growth, development, and response to external stresses. However, there are few studies on the functional characteristic of PUB gene family in the important staple crop, maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, the PUB gene in maize was aimed to identify and classify through whole-genome screening. Phylogenetic tree, gene structure, conserved motif, chromosome location, gene duplication (GD), synteny, and cis-acting regulatory element of PUB member were analyzed. The expression profiles of ZmPUB gene family in maize during development and under abiotic stress and hormones treatment were analyzed by the RNA-seq data. A total of 79 PUB genes were identified in maize genome, and they were stratified into seven categories. There were 25 pairs of segmental duplications (SD) and 1 pair of tandem duplication (TD) identified in the maize PUB gene family. A close relationship was observed between the monocot plant maize and rice in PUB gene family. There were 94 kinds of cis-acting elements identified in the maize PUB gene family, which included 46 biotic- and abiotic-responsive elements, 19 hormone-responsive elements, 13 metabolic and growth-related elements. The expression profiles of maize PUB gene family showed characteristics of tissue specificity and response to abiotic stress and hormones treatment. These results provided an extensive overview of the maize PUB gene family.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahmar S, Gruszka D. In-Silico Study of Brassinosteroid Signaling Genes in Rice Provides Insight Into Mechanisms Which Regulate Their Expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:953458. [PMID: 35873468 PMCID: PMC9299959 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.953458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate a diverse spectrum of processes during plant growth and development and modulate plant physiology in response to environmental fluctuations and stress factors. Thus, the BR signaling regulators have the potential to be targeted for gene editing to optimize the architecture of plants and make them more resilient to environmental stress. Our understanding of the BR signaling mechanism in monocot crop species is limited compared to our knowledge of this process accumulated in the model dicot species - Arabidopsis thaliana. A deeper understanding of the BR signaling and response during plant growth and adaptation to continually changing environmental conditions will provide insight into mechanisms that govern the coordinated expression of the BR signaling genes in rice (Oryza sativa) which is a model for cereal crops. Therefore, in this study a comprehensive and detailed in silico analysis of promoter sequences of rice BR signaling genes was performed. Moreover, expression profiles of these genes during various developmental stages and reactions to several stress conditions were analyzed. Additionally, a model of interactions between the encoded proteins was also established. The obtained results revealed that promoters of the 39 BR signaling genes are involved in various regulatory mechanisms and interdependent processes that influence growth, development, and stress response in rice. Different transcription factor-binding sites and cis-regulatory elements in the gene promoters were identified which are involved in regulation of the genes’ expression during plant development and reactions to stress conditions. The in-silico analysis of BR signaling genes in O. sativa provides information about mechanisms which regulate the coordinated expression of these genes during rice development and in response to other phytohormones and environmental factors. Since rice is both an important crop and the model species for other cereals, this information may be important for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the BR signaling in monocot species. It can also provide new ways for the plant genetic engineering technology by providing novel potential targets, either cis-elements or transcriptional factors, to create elite genotypes with desirable traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh L, Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Dhaliwal SK, Kaur A, Malik P, Kumar A, Gill RK, Kaur S. Genome-wide Association Study for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Diverse Blackgram Panel (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Reveals Novel Putative Alleles for Future Breeding Programs. Front Genet 2022; 13:849016. [PMID: 35899191 PMCID: PMC9310006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is an important tropical and sub-tropical short-duration legume that is rich in dietary protein and micronutrients. Producing high-yielding blackgram varieties is hampered by insufficient genetic variability, absence of suitable ideotypes, low harvest index and susceptibility to biotic-abiotic stresses. Seed yield, a complex trait resulting from the expression and interaction of multiple genes, necessitates the evaluation of diverse germplasm for the identification of novel yield contributing traits. Henceforth, a panel of 100 blackgram genotypes was evaluated at two locations (Ludhiana and Gurdaspur) across two seasons (Spring 2019 and Spring 2020) for 14 different yield related traits. A wide range of variability, high broad-sense heritability and a high correlation of grain yield were observed for 12 out of 14 traits studied among all environments. Investigation of population structure in the panel using a set of 4,623 filtered SNPs led to identification of four sub-populations based on ad-hoc delta K and Cross entropy value. Using Farm CPU model and Mixed Linear Model algorithms, a total of 49 significant SNP associations representing 42 QTLs were identified. Allelic effects were found to be statistically significant at 37 out of 42 QTLs and 50 known candidate genes were identified in 24 of QTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovejit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Sarabjit Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Palvi Malik
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Gurdaspur, India
| | - Ranjit Kaur Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Satinder Kaur,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao D, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. Genetic control of grain appearance quality in rice. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108014. [PMID: 35777622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain appearance, one of the key determinants of rice quality, reflects the ability to attract consumers, and is characterized by four major properties: grain shape, chalkiness, transparency, and color. Mining of valuable genes, genetic mechanisms, and breeding cultivars with improved grain appearance are essential research areas in rice biology. However, grain appearance is a complex and comprehensive trait, making it challenging to understand the molecular details, and therefore, achieve precise improvement. This review highlights the current findings of grain appearance control, including a detailed description of the key genes involved in the formation of grain appearance, and the major environmental factors affecting chalkiness. We also discuss the integration of current knowledge on valuable genes to enable accurate breeding strategies for generation of rice grains with superior appearance quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Trenner J, Monaghan J, Saeed B, Quint M, Shabek N, Trujillo M. Evolution and Functions of Plant U-Box Proteins: From Protein Quality Control to Signaling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:93-121. [PMID: 35226816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-012310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications add complexity and diversity to cellular proteomes. One of the most prevalent modifications across eukaryotes is ubiquitination, which is orchestrated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. U-box-containing E3 ligases have massively expanded in the plant kingdom and have diversified into plant U-box proteins (PUBs). PUBs likely originated from two or three ancestral forms, fusing with diverse functional subdomains that resulted in neofunctionalization. Their emergence and diversification may reflect adaptations to stress during plant evolution, reflecting changes in the needs of plant proteomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Through their close association with protein kinases, they are physically linked to cell signaling hubs and activate feedback loops by dynamically pairing with E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to generate distinct ubiquitin polymers that themselves act as signals. Here, we complement current knowledgewith comparative genomics to gain a deeper understanding of PUB function, focusing on their evolution and structural adaptations of key U-box residues, as well as their various roles in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Trenner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; ,
| | | | - Bushra Saeed
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ,
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; ,
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yan Y, Mintao S, Si M, Qian F, Yijia W, Qinghua D, Mengdi Z, Chaoxing H, Yansu L, Lihong G, Xianchang Y. Mechanism of CsGPA1 in regulating cold tolerance of cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac109. [PMID: 35821703 PMCID: PMC9265480 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
G proteins function directly in cold tolerance of plants. However, the framework of the Gα subunit in regulating cold tolerance remains to be explored. Here, we used protein interaction techniques to elucidate cold-related pathways regulated by CsGPA1. Suppression of CsGPA1 decreased the cold tolerance of cucumber. Further protein interaction experiments showed that CsGPA1 interacted with Csa_4G663630.1 located in the cell membrane and nucleus and with CsCOR413PM2 located in the cell membrane. Csa_4G663630.1 was named CsCDL1 due to its 71% protein sequence similarity to AtCDL1, a positive brassinolide signal gene. Suppression of CsGPA1 decreased the expression of most of brassinolide-related genes (including CsCDL1) under cold stress. Principal component and linear regression analyses showed that expressions of CsGPA1 and brassinolide-related genes were positively correlated. Suppression of CsCOR413PM2 also decreased cold tolerance of cucumber. The expression and protein content of CsCOR413PM2 and CsGPA1 in CsGPA1-RNAi and CsCOR413PM2-RNAi lines were determined under cold tolerance. Only CsGPA1 silencing affected the expression and protein content of CsCOR413PM2 during cold stress. Moreover, suppression of CsGPA1 or CsCOR413PM2 decreased Ca 2+ influx at low temperature and then decreased the expression of CsICE-CsCBF. These results indicated that the CsGPA1-CsCOR413PM2-Ca2+ axis regulated the expression of CsICE-CsCBF during cold stress. In conclusion, Our results provide the first framework of CsGPA1 in regulating cold tolerance of cucumber, laying the foundation for further mechanistic studies of cold tolerance for Gα in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sun Mintao
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ma Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Qian
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wang Yijia
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Qinghua
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhou Mengdi
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Chaoxing
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Yansu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gao Lihong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Xianchang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li J, Yang H, Xu G, Deng K, Yu J, Xiang S, Zhou K, Zhang Q, Li R, Li M, Ling Y, Yang Z, He G, Zhao F. QTL Analysis of Z414, a Chromosome Segment Substitution Line with Short, Wide Grains, and Substitution Mapping of qGL11 in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 35532865 PMCID: PMC9085999 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa), such as grain length, are complex traits controlled by multiple genes. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for dissecting these complex traits. We developed the novel rice CSSL 'Z414', which has short, wide grains, from progeny of the recipient parent 'Xihui 18' (an indica restorer line) and the donor parent 'Huhan 3' (a japonica cultivar). Z414 contains four substitution segments with an average length of 3.04 Mb. Z414 displays seven traits that significantly differ from those of Xihui 18, including differences in grain length, width, and weight; degree of chalkiness; and brown rice rate. We identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are responsible for these differences in an F2 population from a cross between Xihui 18 and Z414. Among these, six QTL (qPL3, qGW5, qGL11, qRLW5, qRLW11, and qGWT5) were detected in newly developed single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) S1-S6. In addition, four QTL (qGL3, qGL5, qCD3, and qCD5) were detected in S1 and S5. Analysis of these SSSLs attributed the short, wide grain trait of Z414 to qGL11, qGL3, qGL5, and qGW5. Substitution mapping delimited qGL11 within an 810-kb interval on chromosome 11. Sequencing, real time quantitative PCR, and cell morphology analysis revealed that qGL11 might be a novel QTL encoding the cyclin CycT1;3. Finally, pyramiding qGL3 (a = 0.43) and qGL11 (a = - 0.37) led to shorter grains in the dual-segment substitution line D2 and revealed that qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3. In addition, S1 and D2 exhibited different grain sizes and less chalkiness than Z414. In conclusion, the short grain phenotype of the CSSL Z414 is controlled by qGL11, qGL3, and qGL5. qGL11 might be a novel QTL encoding CycT1;3, whose specific role in regulating grain length was previously unknown, and qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3. S1 and D2 could potentially be used in hybrid rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guangyi Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keli Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Siqian Xiang
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ruxiang Li
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yinghua Ling
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangming Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song Y, Niu R, Yu H, Guo J, Du C, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Li J, Zhang S. OsSLA1 functions in leaf angle regulation by enhancing the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1111-1127. [PMID: 35275421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important trait in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase OsSLA1 plays an important role in leaf angle regulation in rice (Oryza sativa). OsSLA1 mutant plants exhibited a small leaf angle phenotype due to changes of adaxial cells in the lamina joint. GUS staining revealed that OsSLA1 was highly expressed in adaxial cells of the lamina joint. The OsSLA1 mutant plants were insensitive to exogenous epibrassinolide (eBL) and showed upregulated expression of DWARF and CPD, but downregulated expression of BU1, BUL1, and ILI1, indicating that brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction was blocked. Fluorescence microscopy showed that OsSLA1 was localized to the plasma membrane and nearby periplasmic vesicles. Further study showed that OsSLA1 interacts with OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 via its intracellular domain and promotes the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1. In addition, phosphorylation experiments revealed that OsSLA1 does not possess kinase activity, but that it can be phosphorylated by OsBRI1 in vitro. Knockout of OsSLA1 in the context of d61 caused exacerbation of the mutant phenotype. These results demonstrate that OsSLA1 regulates leaf angle formation via positive regulation of BR signaling by enhancing the interaction of OsBRI1 with OsBAK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ruofan Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Chunhui Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zilun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Suqiao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li P, Chen YH, Lu J, Zhang CQ, Liu QQ, Li QF. Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed Structure, Components, and Quality of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35303197 PMCID: PMC8933604 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and rice trade worldwide, the demand for high-quality rice is increasing. Therefore, breeding high quality rice is critical to meet the market demand. However, progress in improving rice grain quality lags far behind that of rice yield. This might be because of the complexity of rice grain quality research, and the lack of consensus definition and evaluation standards for high quality rice. In general, the main components of rice grain quality are milling quality (MQ), appearance quality (AQ), eating and cooking quality (ECQ), and nutritional quality (NQ). Importantly, all these quality traits are determined directly or indirectly by the structure and composition of the rice seeds. Structurally, rice seeds mainly comprise the spikelet hull, seed coat, aleurone layer, embryo, and endosperm. Among them, the size of spikelet hull is the key determinant of rice grain size, which usually affects rice AQ, MQ, and ECQ. The endosperm, mainly composed of starch and protein, is the major edible part of the rice seed. Therefore, the content, constitution, and physicochemical properties of starch and protein are crucial for multiple rice grain quality traits. Moreover, the other substances, such as lipids, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, included in different parts of the rice seed, also contribute significantly to rice grain quality, especially the NQ. Rice seed growth and development are precisely controlled by many genes; therefore, cloning and dissecting these quality-related genes will enhance our knowledge of rice grain quality and will assist with the breeding of high quality rice. This review focuses on summarizing the recent progress on cloning key genes and their functions in regulating rice seed structure and composition, and their corresponding contributions to rice grain quality. This information will facilitate and advance future high quality rice breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu Q, Liu Y, Huang J. CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Mutation in OsPUB43 Improves Grain Length and Weight in Rice by Promoting Cell Proliferation in Spikelet Hull. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042347. [PMID: 35216463 PMCID: PMC8877319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain weight, a crucial trait that determines the grain yield in rice, is influenced by grain size. Although a series of regulators that control grain size have been identified in rice, the mechanisms underlying grain development are not yet well understood. In this study, we identified OsPUB43, a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, as an important negative regulator determining the gain size and grain weight in rice. Phenotypes of large grain are observed in ospub43 mutants, whereas overexpression of OsPUB43 results in short grains. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that OsPUB43 modulates the grain size mainly by inhibiting cell proliferation in the spikelet hull. The OsPUB43 protein is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The ospub43 mutants display high sensitivity to exogenous BR, while OsPUB43-OE lines are hyposensitive to BR. Furthermore, the transient transcriptional activity assay shows that OsBZR1 can activate the expression of OsPUB43. Collectively, our results indicate that OsPUB43 negatively controls the gain size by modulating the expression of BR-responsive genes as well as MADS-box genes that are required for lemma/palea specification, suggesting that OsPUB43 has a potential valuable application in the enlargement of grain size in rice.
Collapse
|
36
|
How Many Faces Does the Plant U-Box E3 Ligase Have? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042285. [PMID: 35216399 PMCID: PMC8875423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a major type of post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotes. The plant U-Box (PUB) E3 ligase is the smallest family in the E3 ligase superfamily, but plays a variety of essential roles in plant growth, development and response to diverse environmental stresses. Hence, PUBs are potential gene resources for developing climate-resilient crops. However, there is a lack of review of the latest advances to fully understand the powerful gene family. To bridge the gap and facilitate its use in future crop breeding, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress of the PUB family, including gene evolution, classification, biological functions, and multifarious regulatory mechanisms in plants.
Collapse
|
37
|
OsGGC2, Gγ Subunit of Heterotrimeric G Protein, Regulates Plant Height by Functionally Overlapping with DEP1 in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030422. [PMID: 35161403 PMCID: PMC8839887 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant heterotrimeric G proteins have been shown to regulate the size of various organs. There are three types of Gγ subunits in plants: type A, consisting of a canonical Gγ domain; type B, possessing a plant-specific domain at the N-terminus of the Gγ domain; and type C, possessing a plant-specific domain at the C-terminal of the Gγ domain. There is one type A, one type B, and three type C of the five γ-subunits in the rice genome. In type C Gγ subunits, GS3, which controls grain size; DEP1, which controls plant height and panicle branching; and their homolog OsGGC2, which affects grain size, have been reported; however, the function of each gene, their interactions, and molecular mechanisms for the control of plant height have not yet been clarified. In this study, we generated loss-of-function mutants of DEP1 and OsGGC2, which have high homology and similar expression, and investigated their phenotypes. Since both dep1 and osggc2 mutants were dwarfed and the double mutants showed a synergistic phenotype, we concluded that both DEP1 and OsGGC2 are positive regulators of plant height and that their functions are redundant.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao X, Zhang J, Cai G, Du H, Li J, Wang R, Wang Y, Yin J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Huang J. qGL3/OsPPKL1 induces phosphorylation of 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b to inhibit OsBZR1 function in brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:624-636. [PMID: 34662408 PMCID: PMC8774794 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play essential roles in regulating plant growth and development, however, gaps still remain in our understanding of the BR signaling network. We previously cloned a grain length quantitative trait locus qGL3, encoding a rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domain (OsPPKL1), that negatively regulates grain length and BR signaling. To further explore the BR signaling network, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis to screen qGL3-regulated downstream components. We selected a 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b from the phosphoproteomic data for further analysis. qGL3 promoted the phosphorylation of OsGF14b and induced the interaction intensity between OsGF14b and OsBZR1. In addition, phosphorylation of OsGF14b played an important role in regulating nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of OsBZR1. The serine acids (Ser258Ser259) residues of OsGF14b play an essential role in BR-mediated responses and plant development. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that OsGF14b functions as a negative regulator in BR signaling and represses the transcriptional activation activity of OsBZR1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that qGL3 induces the phosphorylation of OsGF14b, which modulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activation activity of OsBZR1, to eventually negatively regulate BR signaling and grain length in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huaying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zu X, Lu Y, Wang Q, La Y, Hong X, Tan F, Niu J, Xia H, Wu Y, Zhou S, Li K, Chen H, Qiang S, Rui Q, Wang H, La H. Increased Drought Resistance 1 Mutation Increases Drought Tolerance of Upland Rice by Altering Physiological and Morphological Traits and Limiting ROS Levels. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1168-1184. [PMID: 33836080 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To discover new mutants conferring enhanced tolerance to drought stress, we screened a mutagenized upland rice (Oryza sativa) population (cv. IAPAR9) and identified a mutant, named idr1-1 (increased drought resistance 1-1), with obviously increased drought tolerance under upland field conditions. The idr1-1 mutant possessed a significantly enhanced ability to tolerate high-drought stresses. Map-based cloning revealed that the gene LOC_Os05g26890, residing in the mapping region of IDR1 locus, carried a single-base deletion in the idr1-1 mutant. IDR1 encodes the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein (also known as RGA1), and this protein was localized in nucleus and to plasma membrane or cell periphery. Further investigations indicated that the significantly increased drought tolerance in idr1-1 mutants stemmed from a range of physiological and morphological changes, including greater leaf potentials, increased proline contents, heightened leaf thickness and upregulation of antioxidant-synthesizing and drought-induced genes, under drought-stressed conditions. Especially, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production might be remarkably impaired, while ROS-scavenging ability appeared to be markedly enhanced due to significantly elevated expression of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in idr1-1 mutants under drought-stressed conditions. In addition, idr1-1 mutants showed reduced expression of OsBRD1. Altogether, these results suggest that mutation of IDR1 leads to alterations in multiple layers of regulations, which ultimately leads to changes in the physiological and morphological traits and limiting of ROS levels, and thereby confers obviously increased drought tolerance to the idr1-1 mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zu
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanke Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yumei La
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huihui Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoxia Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huhui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- 6Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095China
| | - Qi Rui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honggui La
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang W, Wu K, Wang B, Liu H, Guo S, Guo X, Luo W, Sun S, Ouyang Y, Fu X, Chong K, Zhang Q, Xu Y. The RING E3 ligase CLG1 targets GS3 for degradation via the endosome pathway to determine grain size in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1699-1713. [PMID: 34216830 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein signaling and ubiquitin-dependent degradation are both involved in grain development in rice, but how these pathways are coordinated in regulating this process is unknown. Here, we show that Chang Li Geng 1 (CLG1), which encodes an E3 ligase, regulates grain size by targeting the Gγ protein GS3, a negative regulator of grain length, for degradation. Overexpression of CLG1 led to increased grain length, while overexpression of mutated CLG1 with changes in three conserved amino acids decreased grain length. We found that CLG1 physically interacts with and ubiquitinats GS3which is subsequently degraded through the endosome degradation pathway, leading to increased grain size. Furthermore, we identified a critical SNP in the exon 3 of CLG1 that is significantly associated with grain size variation in a core collection of cultivated rice. This SNP results in an amino acid substitution from Arg to Ser at position 163 of CLG1 that enhances the E3 ligase activity of CLG1 and thus increases rice grain size. Both the expression level of CLG1 and the SNP CLG1163S may be useful variations for manipulating grain size in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shengyuan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qifa Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian X, He M, Mei E, Zhang B, Tang J, Xu M, Liu J, Li X, Wang Z, Tang W, Guan Q, Bu Q. WRKY53 integrates classic brassinosteroid signaling and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to regulate rice architecture and seed size. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2753-2775. [PMID: 34003966 PMCID: PMC8408444 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa) and other plants, plant architecture and seed size are closely related to yield. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (MAPK kinase kinase 10 [MAPKKK10]-MAPK kinase 4 [MAPKK4]-MAPK6) are two major regulatory pathways that control rice architecture and seed size. However, their possible relationship and crosstalk remain elusive. Here, we show that WRKY53 mediated the crosstalk between BR signaling and the MAPK pathway. Biochemical and genetic assays demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase-2 (GSK2) phosphorylates WRKY53 and lowers its stability, indicating that WRKY53 is a substrate of GSK2 in BR signaling. WRKY53 interacted with BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1(BZR1); they function synergistically to regulate BR-related developmental processes. We also provide genetic evidence showing that WRKY53 functions in a common pathway with the MAPKKK10-MAPKK4-MAPK6 cascade in leaf angle and seed size control, suggesting that WRKY53 is a direct substrate of this pathway. Moreover, GSK2 phosphorylated MAPKK4 to suppress MAPK6 activity, suggesting that GSK2-mediated BR signaling might also regulated MAPK pathway. Together, our results revealed a critical role for WRKY53 and uncovered sophisticated levels of interplay between BR signaling and the MAPK pathway in regulating rice architecture and seed size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enyang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Qingjie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu J, Wang JJ, Xue HW, Zhang GH. Leaf direction: Lamina joint development and environmental responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2441-2454. [PMID: 33866581 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture plays a major role in canopy photosynthesis and biomass production, and plants adjust their growth (and thus architecture) in response to changing environments. Leaf angle is one of the most important traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant architecture, because leaf angle strongly affects leaf direction and rice production, with more-erect leaves being advantageous for high-density plantings. The degree of leaf bending depends on the morphology of the lamina joint, which connects the leaf and the sheath. In this review, we discuss cell morphology in different lamina joint tissues and describe the underlying genetic network that governs this morphology and thus regulates leaf direction. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanism by how environmental factors influence rice leaf angle. Our review provides a theoretical framework for the future genetic improvement of rice leaf orientation and plant architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen K, Łyskowski A, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. Genetic and Molecular Factors Determining Grain Weight in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:605799. [PMID: 34322138 PMCID: PMC8313227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.605799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is one of the major factors determining single plant yield production of rice and other cereal crops. Research has begun to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain weight as well as grain size, highlighting the importance of this research for plant molecular biology. The developmental trait of grain weight is affected by multiple molecular and genetic aspects that lead to dynamic changes in cell division, expansion and differentiation. Additionally, several important biological pathways contribute to grain weight, such as ubiquitination, phytohormones, G-proteins, photosynthesis, epigenetic modifications and microRNAs. Our review integrates early and more recent findings, and provides future perspectives for how a more complete understanding of grain weight can optimize strategies for improving yield production. It is surprising that the acquired wealth of knowledge has not revealed more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. To accelerating molecular breeding of rice and other cereals is becoming an emergent and critical task for agronomists. Lastly, we highlighted the importance of leveraging gene editing technologies as well as structural studies for future rice breeding applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Łyskowski
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang D, Zhang M, Liang J. RGB1 Regulates Grain Development and Starch Accumulation Through Its Effect on OsYUC11-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:585174. [PMID: 33868323 PMCID: PMC8045708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.585174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RGB1, a subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays important roles in regulating grain size and weight of rice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying controlling grain filling process by G protein are still largely unclear. In the present study, we show that RGB1 controls not only the grain size but also the grain filling process. Knock-down of RGB1 significantly delayed grain development and reduced starch accumulation and grain weight, which was closely related to the delayed and the lower expression of genes encoding sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis related enzymes during grain filling stage. Suppression of RGB1 expression also resulted in the lower auxin content in grains, which was correlated with the lower expression of OsNF-YB1 and OsYUC11 during grain filling stage. Further biochemical evidence showed that OsYUC11 expression was under control of OsNF-YB1 by its interaction with promoter of OsYUC11. Taken together, we propose that RGB1 controls rice grain development and grain filling process by changing auxin homeostasis in endosperm cells. OsNF-YB1, which acts as a key downstream effector of RGB1, interacts directly with the promoter of OsYUC11 and stimulates the OsYUC11 expression, thereby regulating auxin biosynthesis and starch accumulation and grain size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kothari A, Lachowiec J. Roles of Brassinosteroids in Mitigating Heat Stress Damage in Cereal Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2706. [PMID: 33800127 PMCID: PMC7962182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress causes huge losses in the yield of cereal crops. Temperature influences the rate of plant metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately determine the production of grains, with high temperatures causing a reduction in grain yield and quality. To ensure continued food security, the tolerance of high temperature is rapidly becoming necessary. Brassinosteroids (BR) are a class of plant hormones that impact tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and regulate cereal growth and fertility. Fine-tuning the action of BR has the potential to increase cereals' tolerance and acclimation to heat stress and maintain yields. Mechanistically, exogenous applications of BR protect yields through amplifying responses to heat stress and rescuing the expression of growth promoters. Varied BR compounds and differential signaling mechanisms across cereals point to a diversity of mechanisms that can be leveraged to mitigate heat stress. Further, hormone transport and BR interaction with other molecules in plants may be critical to utilizing BR as protective agrochemicals against heat stress. Understanding the interplay between heat stress responses, growth processes and hormone signaling may lead us to a comprehensive dogma of how to tune BR application for optimizing cereal growth under challenging environments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Lachowiec
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin YN, Cui ZH, Ma K, Yao JL, Ruan YY, Guo ZF. Characterization of ZmCOLD1, novel GPCR-Type G Protein genes involved in cold stress from Zea mays L. and the evolution analysis with those from other species. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:619-632. [PMID: 33854288 PMCID: PMC7981359 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most vital staple crops worldwide. G proteins modulate plentiful signaling pathways, and G protein-coupled receptor-type G proteins (GPCRs) are highly conserved membrane proteins in plants. However, researches on maize G proteins and GPCRs are scarce. In this study, we identified three novel GPCR-Type G Protein (GTG) genes from chromosome 10 (Chr 10) in maize, designated as ZmCOLD1-10A, ZmCOLD1-10B and ZmCOLD1-10C. Their amino acid sequences had high similarity to TaCOLD1 from wheat and OsCOLD1 from rice. They contained the basic characteristics of GTG/COLD1 proteins, including GPCR-like topology, the conserved hydrophilic loop (HL) domain, DUF3735 (domain of unknown function 3735) domain, GTPase-activating domain, and ATP/GTP-binding domain. Subcellular localization analyses of ZmCOLD1 proteins suggested that ZmCOLD1 proteins localized on plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Furthermore, amino acid sequence alignment verified the conservation of the key 187th amino acid T in maize and other wild maize-relative species. Evolutionary relationship among plants GTG/COLD1 proteins family displayed strong group-specificity. Expression analysis indicated that ZmCOLD1-10A was cold-induced and inhibited by light. Together, these results suggested that ZmCOLD1 genes had potential value to improve cold tolerance and to contribute crops growth and molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Jin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000 China
| | - Zhen-hai Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Yan-Ye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pathak RR, Mandal VK, Jangam AP, Sharma N, Madan B, Jaiswal DK, Raghuram N. Heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (RGA1) regulates tiller development, yield, cell wall, nitrogen response and biotic stress in rice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2323. [PMID: 33504880 PMCID: PMC7840666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-proteins are implicated in plant productivity, but their genome-wide roles in regulating agronomically important traits remain uncharacterized. Transcriptomic analyses of rice G-protein alpha subunit mutant (rga1) revealed 2270 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including those involved in C/N and lipid metabolism, cell wall, hormones and stress. Many DEGs were associated with root, leaf, culm, inflorescence, panicle, grain yield and heading date. The mutant performed better in total weight of filled grains, ratio of filled to unfilled grains and tillers per plant. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using experimentally validated interactors revealed many RGA1-responsive genes involved in tiller development. qPCR validated the differential expression of genes involved in strigolactone-mediated tiller formation and grain development. Further, the mutant growth and biomass were unaffected by submergence indicating its role in submergence response. Transcription factor network analysis revealed the importance of RGA1 in nitrogen signaling with DEGs such as Nin-like, WRKY, NAC, bHLH families, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, OsCIPK23 and urea transporter. Sub-clustering of DEGs-associated PPI network revealed that RGA1 regulates metabolism, stress and gene regulation among others. Predicted rice G-protein networks mapped DEGs and revealed potential effectors. Thus, this study expands the roles of RGA1 to agronomically important traits and reveals their underlying processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Mandal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Annie Prasanna Jangam
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Narendra Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Bhumika Madan
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Jaiswal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Nandula Raghuram
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jose J, Roy Choudhury S. Heterotrimeric G-proteins mediated hormonal responses in plants. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109799. [PMID: 33011291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones not only orchestrate intrinsic developmental programs from germination to senescence but also regulate environmental inputs through complex signalling pathways. Despite building an own signalling network, hormones mutually contribute several signalling systems, which are also essential for plant growth and development, defense, and responses to abiotic stresses. One of such important signalling cascades is G-proteins, which act as critical regulators of a wide range of fundamental cellular processes by transducing receptor signals to the intracellular environment. G proteins are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and the molecular switching between active and inactive conformation of Gα controls the signalling cycle. The active GTP bound Gα and freed Gβγ have both independent and tightly coordinated roles in the regulation of effector molecules, thereby modulating multiple responses, including hormonal responses. Therefore, an interplay of hormones with G-proteins fine-tunes multiple biological processes of plants; however, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Functional characterization of hormone biosynthesis, perception, and signalling components, as well as identification of few effector molecules of G-proteins and their interaction networks, reduces the complexity of the hormonal signalling networks related to G-proteins. In this review, we highlight a valuable insight into the mechanisms of how the G-protein signalling cascades connect with hormonal responses to regulate increased developmental flexibility as well as remarkable plasticity of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jismon Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yan Y, Sun M, Li Y, Wang J, He C, Yu X. The CsGPA1-CsAQPs module is essential for salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1301-1316. [PMID: 32648011 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CsGPA1 interacts with CsTIP1.1 (a member of CsAQPs) and suppression of CsGPA1 results the reverse expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots, resulting in declining water content of cucumber seedlings under salt stress. Salt stress seriously affects cucumber growth and development. Whether the G-protein alpha subunit functions in cucumber during salt stress and its regulation mechanism remains unknown. We interrogated CsGPA1-RNAi lines to identify the role of CsGPA1 during salt stress. Phenotypically, compared with wild type, leaves were severely withered, and root cells showed signs of senescence under salt stress for RNAi lines. Compared with WT, SOD and CAT activity, soluble protein and proline contents all decreased in RNAi lines, while malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity increased. Through screening the yeast two-hybrid library and combined with yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down, the interaction of CsGPA1 with CsTIP1.1 was found the first time in a plant. Then, the expression of aquaporin (AQP) family genes was detected. The expression of CsAQP genes in leaves and roots was primarily up-regulated in WT under salt stress. However, interference by CsGPA1 resulted in enhanced expression of CsAQPs except for CsTIP3.2 in leaves, but reduced expression of some CsAQPs in roots under salt stress. Furthermore, principal component analysis of CsAQP expression profiles and linear regression analysis between CsGPA1 and CsAQPs revealed that CsGPA1 reversely regulated the expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots under salt stress. Moreover, the water content in leaves and roots of RNAi seedlings significantly decreased compared with WT under salt stress. Overall, CsGPA1 interacts with CsTIP1.1 and suppression of CsGPA1 results in opposite patterns of expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots, resulting in declining water content of cucumber under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mintao Sun
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chaoxing He
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yoo YH, Jiang X, Jung KH. An Abiotic Stress Responsive U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Involved in OsGI-Mediating Diurnal Rhythm Regulating Mechanism. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091071. [PMID: 32825403 PMCID: PMC7569774 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant U-box (PUB) protein is the E3 ligase that plays roles in the degradation or post-translational modification of target proteins. In rice, 77 U-box proteins were identified and divided into eight classes according to the domain configuration. We performed a phylogenomic analysis by integrating microarray expression data under abiotic stress to the phylogenetic tree context. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression analyses identified that eight, twelve, and eight PUB family genes are associated with responses to drought, salinity, and cold stress, respectively. In total, 16 genes showed increased expression in response to three abiotic stresses. Among them, the expression of OsPUB2 in class II and OsPUB33, OsPUB39, and OsPUB41 in class III increased in all three abiotic stresses, indicating their involvement in multiple abiotic stress regulation. In addition, we identified the circadian rhythmic expression for three out of 16 genes responding to abiotic stress through meta-microarray expression data analysis. Among them, OsPUB4 is predicted to be involved in the rice GIGANTEA (OsGI)-mediating diurnal rhythm regulating mechanism. In the last, we constructed predicted protein-protein interaction networks associated with OsPUB4 and OsGI. Our analysis provides essential information to improve environmental stress tolerance mediated by the PUB family members in rice.
Collapse
|