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Hernández-García J, Serrano-Mislata A, Lozano-Quiles M, Úrbez C, Nohales MA, Blanco-Touriñán N, Peng H, Ledesma-Amaro R, Blázquez MA. DELLA proteins recruit the Mediator complex subunit MED15 to coactivate transcription in land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319163121. [PMID: 38696472 PMCID: PMC11087773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319163121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
DELLA proteins are negative regulators of the gibberellin response pathway in angiosperms, acting as central hubs that interact with hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and regulators to modulate their activities. While the mechanism of TF sequestration by DELLAs to prevent DNA binding to downstream targets has been extensively documented, the mechanism that allows them to act as coactivators remains to be understood. Here, we demonstrate that DELLAs directly recruit the Mediator complex to specific loci in Arabidopsis, facilitating transcription. This recruitment involves DELLA amino-terminal domain and the conserved MED15 KIX domain. Accordingly, partial loss of MED15 function mainly disrupted processes known to rely on DELLA coactivation capacity, including cytokinin-dependent regulation of meristem function and skotomorphogenic response, gibberellin metabolism feedback, and flavonol production. We have also found that the single DELLA protein in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is capable of recruiting MpMED15 subunits, contributing to transcriptional coactivation. The conservation of Mediator-dependent transcriptional coactivation by DELLA between Arabidopsis and Marchantia implies that this mechanism is intrinsic to the emergence of DELLA in the last common ancestor of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen6703 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Quiles
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Úrbez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - María A. Nohales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Huadong Peng
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46022, Spain
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2
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Argueso CT, Kieber JJ. Cytokinin: From autoclaved DNA to two-component signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1429-1450. [PMID: 38163638 PMCID: PMC11062471 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Since its first identification in the 1950s as a regulator of cell division, cytokinin has been linked to many physiological processes in plants, spanning growth and development and various responses to the environment. Studies from the last two and one-half decades have revealed the pathways underlying the biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin and have elucidated the mechanisms of its perception and signaling, which reflects an ancient signaling system evolved from two-component elements in bacteria. Mutants in the genes encoding elements involved in these processes have helped refine our understanding of cytokinin functions in plants. Further, recent advances have provided insight into the mechanisms of intracellular and long-distance cytokinin transport and the identification of several proteins that operate downstream of cytokinin signaling. Here, we review these processes through a historical lens, providing an overview of cytokinin metabolism, transport, signaling, and functions in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana T Argueso
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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3
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Shani E, Hedden P, Sun TP. Highlights in gibberellin research: A tale of the dwarf and the slender. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:111-134. [PMID: 38290048 PMCID: PMC11060689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
It has been almost a century since biologically active gibberellin (GA) was isolated. Here, we give a historical overview of the early efforts in establishing the GA biosynthesis and catabolism pathway, characterizing the enzymes for GA metabolism, and elucidating their corresponding genes. We then highlight more recent studies that have identified the GA receptors and early GA signaling components (DELLA repressors and F-box activators), determined the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprograming, and revealed how DELLAs integrate multiple signaling pathways to regulate plant vegetative and reproductive development in response to internal and external cues. Finally, we discuss the GA transporters and their roles in GA-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tai-ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang D, Che Z, Wang Q, Cui R, Zhao W, Huang F, Zhang H, Cheng H, Yu D. Soybean type-B response regulator GmRR1 mediates phosphorus uptake and yield by modifying root architecture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1527-1544. [PMID: 37882637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. Low P stress can greatly hamper plant growth. Here, we identified a QTL (named QPH-9-1), which is associated with P efficiency across multiple environments through linkage analysis and genome-wide association study. Furthermore, we successfully cloned the underlying soybean (Glycine max) gene GmRR1 (a soybean type-B Response Regulator 1) that encodes a type-B response regulator protein. Knockout of GmRR1 resulted in a substantial increase in plant height, biomass, P uptake efficiency, and yield-related traits due to the modification of root structure. In contrast, overexpression of GmRR1 in plants resulted in a decrease in these phenotypes. Further analysis revealed that knockout of GmRR1 substantially increased the levels of auxin and ethylene in roots, thereby promoting root hair formation and growth by promoting the formation of root hair primordium and lengthening the root apical meristem. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated an interaction between GmRR1 and Histidine-containing Phosphotransmitter protein 1. Expression analysis suggested that these proteins coparticipated in response to low P stress. Analysis of genomic sequences showed that GmRR1 underwent a selection during soybean domestication. Taken together, this study provides further insights into how plants respond to low P stress by modifying root architecture through phytohormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Agriculture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Agriculture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhijun Che
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Liu Y, Peng X, Ma A, Liu W, Liu B, Yun DJ, Xu ZY. Type-B response regulator OsRR22 forms a transcriptional activation complex with OsSLR1 to modulate OsHKT2;1 expression in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2922-2934. [PMID: 37924467 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely limits crop yields and quality. Plants have evolved several strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, including redistribution and compartmentalization of toxic ions using ion-specific transporters. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ion transporters have not been fully elucidated. Loss-of-function mutants of OsHKT2;1, which is involved in sodium uptake, exhibit strong salt stress-resistant phenotypes. In this study, OsHKT2;1 was identified as a transcriptional target of the type-B response regulator OsRR22. Loss-of-function osrr22 mutants showed resilience to salt stress, and OsRR22-overexpression plants were sensitive to salt stress. OsRR22 was found to activate the expression of OsHKT2;1 by directly binding to the promoter region of OsHKT2;1 via a consensus cis-element of type-B response regulators. Moreover, rice DELLA protein OsSLR1 directly interacted with OsRR22 and functioned as a transcriptional co-activator. This study has uncovered a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which a type-B response regulator controls sodium transport under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Vӧlz R, Kim KT, Alazem M, Harris W, Hwang S, Lee YH. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine triggers immunity against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:237-247. [PMID: 38085407 PMCID: PMC10721665 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the plant defense response by bioactive molecules is of increasing interest. However, despite plant cell lipids being one of the major cellular components, their role in plant immunity remains elusive. We found that the exogenous application of the cell-membrane localized phospholipid lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) reprograms the plant transcript profile in favor of defense-associated genes thereby priming the plant immune system. Exogenous LPE application to different Arabidopsis accessions increases resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. We found that the immunity-promoting effect of LPE is repealed in the jasmonic acid (JA) receptor mutant coi1, but multiplied in the JA-hypersensitive mutant feronia (fer-4). The JA-signaling repressor JAZ1 is degraded following LPE administration, suggesting that JA-signaling is promoted by LPE. Following LPE-treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is affected in coi1 and fer-4. Moreover, FER signaling inhibitors of the RALF family are strongly expressed after LPE application, and RALF23 is internalized in stress granules, suggesting the LPE-mediated repression of FER-signaling by promoting RALF function. The in-situ increase of LPE-abundance in the LPE-catabolic mutants lpeat1 and lpeat2 elevates plant resistance to B. cinerea, in contrast to the endogenous LPE-deficient mutant pla2-alpha. We show that LPE increases plant resistance against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis, thereby paving the way for the LPE-targeted genomic engineering of crops to raise their ability to resist biotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Vӧlz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mazen Alazem
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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7
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Guan P, Hu J, Sun L. Interaction of VvDELLA2 and VvCEB1 Mediates Expression of Expansion-Related Gene during GA-Induced Enlargement of Grape Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14870. [PMID: 37834318 PMCID: PMC10573625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous gibberellin treatment can promote early growth of grape fruit, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that VvDELLA2 directly regulates the activity of the VvCEB1 transcription factor, a key regulator in the control of cell expansion in grape fruit. Our results show that VvCEB1 binds directly to the promoters of cell expansion-related genes in grape fruit and acts as a transcriptional activator, while VvDELLA2 blocks VvCEB1 function by binding to its activating structural domain. The exogenous gibberellin treatment relieved this inhibition by promoting the degradation of VvDELLA2 protein, thus, allowing VvCEB1 to transcriptionally activate the expression of cell expansion-related genes. In conclusion, we conclude that exogenous GA3 treatment regulates early fruit expansion by affecting the VvDELLA-VvCEB1 interaction in grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
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8
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Huang X, Tian H, Park J, Oh DH, Hu J, Zentella R, Qiao H, Dassanayake M, Sun TP. The master growth regulator DELLA binding to histone H2A is essential for DELLA-mediated global transcription regulation. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1291-1305. [PMID: 37537399 PMCID: PMC10681320 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The DELLA genes, also known as 'Green Revolution' genes, encode conserved master growth regulators that control plant development in response to internal and environmental cues. Functioning as nuclear-localized transcription regulators, DELLAs modulate expression of target genes via direct protein-protein interaction of their carboxy-terminal GRAS domain with hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic regulators. However, the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprogramming remains unclear. Here by characterizing new missense alleles of an Arabidopsis DELLA, repressor of ga1-3 (RGA), and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that RGA binds histone H2A via the PFYRE subdomain within its GRAS domain to form a TF-RGA-H2A complex at the target chromatin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing analysis further shows that this activity is essential for RGA association with its target chromatin globally. Our results indicate that, although DELLAs are recruited to target promoters by binding to TFs via the LHR1 subdomain, DELLA-H2A interaction via the PFYRE subdomain is necessary to stabilize the TF-DELLA-H2A complex at the target chromatin. This study provides insights into the two distinct key modular functions in DELLA for its genome-wide transcription regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Syngenta, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rodolfo Zentella
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Zeng D, Si C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Shi H, Chen J, Huang L, Duan J, He C. Uncovering the involvement of DoDELLA1-interacting proteins in development by characterizing the DoDELLA gene family in Dendrobium officinale. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 36782128 PMCID: PMC9926750 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GAs) are widely involved in plant growth and development. DELLA proteins are key regulators of plant development and a negative regulatory factor of GA. Dendrobium officinale is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but little is known about D. officinale DELLA proteins. Assessing the function of D. officinale DELLA proteins would provide an understanding of their roles in this orchid's development. RESULTS In this study, the D. officinale DELLA gene family was identified. The function of DoDELLA1 was analyzed in detail. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of all DoDELLA genes were significantly up-regulated in multiple shoots and GA3-treated leaves. DoDELLA1 and DoDELLA3 were significantly up-regulated in response to salt stress but were significantly down-regulated under drought stress. DoDELLA1 was localized in the nucleus. A strong interaction was observed between DoDELLA1 and DoMYB39 or DoMYB308, but a weak interaction with DoWAT1. CONCLUSIONS In D. officinale, a developmental regulatory network involves a close link between DELLA and other key proteins in this orchid's life cycle. DELLA plays a crucial role in D. officinale development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Hongyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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10
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Chen J, Wang Z, Wang L, Hu Y, Yan Q, Lu J, Ren Z, Hong Y, Ji H, Wang H, Wu X, Lin Y, Su C, Ott T, Li X. The B-type response regulator GmRR11d mediates systemic inhibition of symbiotic nodulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7661. [PMID: 36496426 PMCID: PMC9741591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Key to the success of legumes is the ability to form and maintain optimal symbiotic nodules that enable them to balance the trade-off between symbiosis and plant growth. Cytokinin is essential for homeostatic regulation of nodulation, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that a B-type response regulator GmRR11d mediates systemic inhibition of nodulation. GmRR11d is induced by rhizobia and low level cytokinin, and GmRR11d can suppress the transcriptional activity of GmNSP1 on GmNIN1a to inhibit soybean nodulation. GmRR11d positively regulates cytokinin response and its binding on the GmNIN1a promoter is enhanced by cytokinin. Intriguingly, rhizobial induction of GmRR11d and its function are dependent upon GmNARK that is a CLV1-like receptor kinase and inhibits nodule number in shoots. Thus, GmRR11d governs a transcriptional program associated with nodulation attenuation and cytokinin response activation essential for systemic regulation of nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Chen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412545.30000 0004 1798 1300College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Yan
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyin Ren
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Hong
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Lin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Su
- grid.5963.9University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- grid.5963.9University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xia Li
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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11
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Ou X, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Xie Z, He B, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Su W, Song S, Hao Y, Chen R. Genome-wide identification of the KNOTTED HOMEOBOX gene family and their involvement in stalk development in flowering Chinese cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019884. [PMID: 36438132 PMCID: PMC9686407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin and cytokinin synergistically regulate the stalk development in flowering Chinese cabbage. KNOX proteins were reported to function as important regulators of the shoot apex to promote meristem activity by synchronously inducing CTK and suppressing GA biosynthesis, while their regulatory mechanism in the bolting and flowering is unknown. In this study, 9 BcKNOX genes were identified and mapped unevenly on 6 out of 10 flowering Chinese cabbage chromosomes. The BcKNOXs were divided into three subfamilies on the basis of sequences and gene structure. The proteins contain four conserved domains except for BcKNATM. Three BcKNOX TFs (BcKNOX1, BcKNOX3, and BcKNOX5) displayed high transcription levels on tested tissues at various stages. The major part of BcKNOX genes showed preferential expression patterns in response to low-temperature, zeatin (ZT), and GA3 treatment, indicating that they were involved in bud differentiation and bolting. BcKNOX1 and BcKNOX5 showed high correlation level with gibberellins synthetase, and CTK metabolic genes. BcKONX1 also showed high correlation coefficients within BcRGA1 and BcRGL1 which are negative regulators of GA signaling. In addition, BcKNOX1 interacted with BcRGA1 and BcRGL1, as confirmed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and biomolecular fluorescence complementation assay (BiFC). This analysis has provided useful foundation for the future functional roles' analysis of flowering Chinese cabbage KNOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanwei Hao
- *Correspondence: Yanwei Hao, ; Riyuan Chen,
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12
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Chong SN, Ravindran P, Kumar PP. Regulation of primary seed dormancy by MAJOR LATEX PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEIN329 in Arabidopsis is dependent on DNA-BINDING ONE ZINC FINGER6. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6838-6852. [PMID: 35969447 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seeds exhibit primary dormancy to prevent germination under unfavourable conditions. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellin signalling intermediate RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) forms a transcription factor complex with DNA-BINDING ONE ZINC FINGER6 (DOF6) in regulating seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Using an RNA-sequencing approach, we identified MAJOR LATEX PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEIN329 (MLP329) as a downstream target of DOF6. MLP329 was found to be a positive regulator of primary seed dormancy, because freshly harvested unstratified mlp329 mutant seeds showed early germination, while unstratified transgenic seeds overexpressing MLP329 showed poor germination. MLP329 expression level was reduced in wild-type seeds upon dry storage and cold stratification. MLP329 expression level was enhanced by DOF6; however, DOF6-dependent MLP329 expression was suppressed in the presence of RGL2. MLP329 expression was enhanced in seeds treated with ABA and auxin IAA. Moreover, the mlp329 mutant seeds exhibited enhanced expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA1 and suppression of the ABA biosynthetic gene ZEP compared to the overexpression lines. The observed suppression of DOF6-dependent MLP329 expression by RGL2 reveals a possible negative feedback mechanism to modulate seed dormancy. MLP329 also probably enhances the endogenous ABA/GA ratio to positively regulate primary seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ney Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Pratibha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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13
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Castro-Camba R, Sánchez C, Vidal N, Vielba JM. Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2650. [PMID: 36235516 PMCID: PMC9571322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins have been classically related to a few key developmental processes, thus being essential for the accurate unfolding of plant genetic programs. After more than a century of research, over one hundred different gibberellins have been described. There is a continuously increasing interest in gibberellins research because of their relevant role in the so-called "Green Revolution", as well as their current and possible applications in crop improvement. The functions attributed to gibberellins have been traditionally restricted to the regulation of plant stature, seed germination, and flowering. Nonetheless, research in the last years has shown that these functions extend to many other relevant processes. In this review, the current knowledge on gibberellins homeostasis and mode of action is briefly outlined, while specific attention is focused on the many different responses in which gibberellins take part. Thus, those genes and proteins identified as being involved in the regulation of gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art perception of gibberellins molecular biology and its effects on plant development. This picture might be helpful to enhance our current understanding of gibberellins biology and provide the know-how for the development of more accurate research and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Geng X, Zhang C, Wei L, Lin K, Xu ZF. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cytokinin Response Regulator (RR) Genes in the Woody Plant Jatropha curcas and Functional Analysis of JcRR12 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911388. [PMID: 36232689 PMCID: PMC9570446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokinin (CK) response regulator (RR) gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating the developmental and environmental responses of plants. Axillary bud outgrowth in the perennial woody plant Jatropha curcas is regulated by the crosstalk between CK and gibberellins (GA). In this study, we first analyzed the effects of gibberellin A3 (GA3), lovastatin (a CK synthesis inhibitor), decapitation, and their interaction, on the outgrowth of axillary buds. The results indicate that lovastatin completely inhibited GA-promoted axillary bud outgrowth and partially weakened the decapitation-promoted axillary bud outgrowth. To further characterize and understand the role of CK signaling in promoting the development of female flowers and branches, we performed bioinformatics and expression analyses to characterize the CK RR gene (JcRR) family in J. curcas. A total of 14 members of the JcRR family were identified; these genes were distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the corresponding RR proteins are evolutionarily conserved across different plant species, and the Myb-like DNA-binding domain divides the 14 members of the JcRR family into type-A and type-B proteins. Further analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of JcRRs suggests that JcRRs are expressed in response to phytohormones, light, and abiotic stress factors; thus, JcRRs may be involved in some plant development processes. Genomic sequence comparison revealed that segmental duplication may have played crucial roles in the expansion of the JcRR gene family, and five pairs of duplicated genes were all subjected to purifying selection. By analyzing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) data, we characterized that the temporospatial expression patterns of JcRRs during the development of various tissues and the response of these genes to phytohormones and abiotic stress. The JcRRs were mainly expressed in the roots, while they also exhibited differential expression patterns in other tissues. The expression levels of all six type-A and one type-B JcRRs increased in response to 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), while the four type-B JcRRs levels decreased. The expression levels of two type-B JcRRs increased in response to exogenous GA3 treatment, while those of three type-A and three type-B JcRRs decreased. We found that type-A JcRRs may play a positive role in the continuous growth of axillary buds, while the role of type-B JcRRs might be the opposite. In response to abiotic stress, the expression levels of two type-A and three type-B JcRRs strongly increased. The overexpression of JcRR12 in Arabidopsis thaliana slightly increased the numbers of rosette branches after decapitation, but not under normal conditions. In conclusion, our results provide detailed knowledge of JcRRs for further analysis of CK signaling and JcRR functions in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lida Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Identification of BcARR Genes and CTK Effects on Stalk Development of Flowering Chinese Cabbage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137412. [PMID: 35806416 PMCID: PMC9266762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is an important and extensively cultivated vegetable in south China, whose major food product is the stalk. In the process of stalk formation, its initiation and development are regulated by a series of hormonal signals, such as cytokinin and gibberellin. In this study, we analyzed the effects of zeatin (ZT) and gibberellin A3 (GA3), and their interaction, on the bolting of flowering Chinese cabbage. The results indicated that the three-true-leaf spraying of ZT and GA synthesis inhibitor (PAC) inhibited plant height but increased stem diameter. Cytokinin (CTK) synthesis inhibitor (YZJ) and GA3 treatment increased plant height and decreased stem diameter. In addition, ZT and GA3 co-treated plants displayed antagonistic effect. Further, 19 type-B authentic response regulators (ARR-Bs), the positive regulators of cytokinin signal transduction were identified from flowering Chinese cabbage. Comprehensive analysis of phylogeny showed BcARR-Bs clustered into three subfamilies with 10 conserved motifs. Analysis of their expression patterns in different tissues and at various growth stage, and their response to hormone treatment suggest that ARR1-b localized in the nucleus displayed unique highest expression patterns in stem tips, are responsive both to ZT and GA, suggesting a significant role in mediating the crosstalk of ZT and GA in the bolting of flowering Chinese cabbage.
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16
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Su D, Xiang W, Liang Q, Wen L, Shi Y, Song B, Liu Y, Xian Z, Li Z. Tomato SlBES1.8 Influences Leaf Morphogenesis by Mediating Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:535-549. [PMID: 35137197 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphogenetic activity determines its shape diversity. However, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism in maintaining leaf morphogenetic capacity is still limited. In tomato, gibberellin (GA) negatively regulates leaf complexity by shortening the morphogenetic window. We here report a tomato BRI1-EMS-suppressor 1 transcription factor, SlBES1.8, that promoted the simplification of leaf pattern in a similar manner as GA functions. OE-SlBES1.8 plants exhibited reduced sensibility to exogenous GA3 treatment whereas showed increased sensibility to the application of GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. In line with the phenotypic observation, the endogenous bioactive GA contents were increased in OE-SlBES1.8 lines, which certainly promoted the degradation of the GA signaling negative regulator, SlDELLA. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis uncovered a set of overlapping genomic targets of SlBES1.8 and GA, and most of them were regulated in the same way. Expression studies showed the repression of SlBES1.8 to the transcriptions of two GA-deactivated genes, SlGA2ox2 and SlGA2ox6, and one GA receptor, SlGID1b-1. Further experiments confirmed the direct regulation of SlBES1.8 to their promoters. On the other hand, SlDELLA physically interacted with SlBES1.8 and further inhibited its transcriptional regulation activity by abolishing SlBES1.8-DNA binding. Conclusively, by mediating GA deactivation and signaling, SlBES1.8 greatly influenced tomato leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bangqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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17
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Gong P, Bontinck M, Demuynck K, De Block J, Gevaert K, Eeckhout D, Persiau G, Aesaert S, Coussens G, Van Lijsebettens M, Pauwels L, De Jaeger G, Inzé D, Nelissen H. SAMBA controls cell division rate during maize development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:411-424. [PMID: 34791456 PMCID: PMC8774815 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SAMBA has been identified as a plant-specific regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that controls unidirectional cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but so far its role has not been studied in monocots. Here, we show the association of SAMBA with the APC/C is conserved in maize (Zea mays). Two samba genome edited mutants showed growth defects, such as reduced internode length, shortened upper leaves with erect leaf architecture, and reduced leaf size due to an altered cell division rate and cell expansion, which aggravated with plant age. The two mutants differed in the severity and developmental onset of the phenotypes, because samba-1 represented a knockout allele, while translation re-initiation in samba-3 resulted in a truncated protein that was still able to interact with the APC/C and regulate its function, albeit with altered APC/C activity and efficiency. Our data are consistent with a dosage-dependent role for SAMBA to control developmental processes for which a change in growth rate is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gong
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Bontinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Coussens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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18
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Yan B, Yang Z, He G, Jing Y, Dong H, Ju L, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Sun J. The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress gibberellin signaling and plant growth. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100245. [PMID: 34778751 PMCID: PMC8577155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in plant architecture, such as reduced plant height under high-density planting, are important for agricultural production. Light and gibberellin (GA) are essential external and internal cues that affect plant architecture. In this study, we characterize the direct interaction of distinct receptors that link light and GA signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We show that the light receptor CRY1 represses GA signaling through interaction with all five DELLA proteins and promotion of RGA protein accumulation in Arabidopsis. Genetic analysis shows that CRY1-mediated growth repression is achieved by means of the DELLA proteins. Interestingly, we find that CRY1 also directly interacts with the GA receptor GID1 to competitively inhibit the GID1-GAI interaction. We also show that overexpression of TaCRY1a reduces plant height and coleoptile growth in wheat and that TaCRY1a interacts with both TaGID1 and Rht1 to competitively attenuate the TaGID1-Rht1 interaction. Based on these findings, we propose that the photoreceptor CRY1 competitively inhibits the GID1-DELLA interaction, thereby stabilizing DELLA proteins and enhancing their repression of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqiang Yan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zongju Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanhua He
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yexing Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lan Ju
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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19
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Fukazawa J, Miyamoto C, Ando H, Mori K, Takahashi Y. DELLA-GAF1 complex is involved in tissue-specific expression and gibberellin feedback regulation of GA20ox1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:147-158. [PMID: 34562198 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The GAF1 transcription factor is shown to bind to the promoter of the Arabidopsis GA-biosynthetic enzyme GA20ox1 and, in association with DELLA protein, promotes GA20ox1 expression, thereby contributing to its feedback regulation and tissue specificity. Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that promote plant growth and development, including germination, elongation, flowering, and floral development. Homeostasis of endogenous GA levels is controlled by GA feedback regulation. DELLAs are negative regulators of GA signaling that are rapidly degraded in the presence of GAs. DELLAs regulate several target genes, including AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox1, encoding the GA-biosynthetic enzymes GA 20-oxidase and GA 3-oxidase, respectively. Previous studies have identified GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 1 (GAF1) as a DELLA interactor, with which DELLAs act as transcriptional coactivators; furthermore, AtGA20ox2, AtGA3ox1, and AtGID1b were identified as target genes of the DELLA-GAF1 complex. Among the five Arabidopsis GA20ox genes, AtGA20ox1 is the most highly expressed gene during vegetative growth; its expression is controlled by GA feedback regulation. Here, we investigated whether AtGA20ox1 is regulated by the DELLA-GAF1 complex. The electrophoretic mobility shift and transactivation assays showed that three GAF1-binding sites exist in the AtGA20ox1 promoter. Using transgenic plants, we further evaluated the contribution of the DELLA-GAF1 complex to GA feedback regulation and tissue-specific expression. Mutations in two GAF1-binding sites obliterated the negative feedback regulation and tissue-specific expression of AtGA20ox1 in transgenic plants. Thus, our results showed that GAF1-binding sites are involved in GA feedback regulation and tissue-specific expression of AtGA20ox1 in Arabidopsis, suggesting that the DELLA-GAF1 complex is involved in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutarou Fukazawa
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Chika Miyamoto
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ando
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuya Mori
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Takahashi
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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21
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Leuendorf JE, Schmülling T. Meeting at the DNA: Specifying Cytokinin Responses through Transcription Factor Complex Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071458. [PMID: 34371661 PMCID: PMC8309282 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin is a plant hormone regulating numerous biological processes. Its diverse functions are realized through the expression control of specific target genes. The transcription of the immediate early cytokinin target genes is regulated by type-B response regulator proteins (RRBs), which are transcription factors (TFs) of the Myb family. RRB activity is controlled by phosphorylation and protein degradation. Here, we focus on another step of regulation, the interaction of RRBs among each other or with other TFs to form active or repressive TF complexes. Several examples in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrate that RRBs form homodimers or complexes with other TFs to specify the cytokinin response. This increases the variability of the output response and provides opportunities of crosstalk between the cytokinin signaling pathway and other cellular signaling pathways. We propose that a targeted approach is required to uncover the full extent and impact of RRB interaction with other TFs.
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Hernández-García J, Sun R, Serrano-Mislata A, Inoue K, Vargas-Chávez C, Esteve-Bruna D, Arbona V, Yamaoka S, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Blázquez MA. Coordination between growth and stress responses by DELLA in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3678-3686.e11. [PMID: 34214451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant survival depends on the optimal use of resources under variable environmental conditions. Among the mechanisms that mediate the balance between growth, differentiation, and stress responses, the regulation of transcriptional activity by DELLA proteins stands out. In angiosperms, DELLA accumulation promotes defense against biotic and abiotic stress and represses cell division and expansion, while the loss of DELLA function is associated with increased plant size and sensitivity toward stress.1 Given that DELLA protein stability is dependent on gibberellin (GA) levels2 and GA metabolism is influenced by the environment,3 this pathway is proposed to relay environmental information to the transcriptional programs that regulate growth and stress responses in angiosperms.4,5 However, DELLA genes are also found in bryophytes, whereas canonical GA receptors have been identified only in vascular plants.6-10 Thus, it is not clear whether these regulatory functions of DELLA predated or emerged with typical GA signaling. Here, we show that, as in vascular plants, the only DELLA in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha also participates in the regulation of growth and key developmental processes and promotes oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, part of these effects is likely caused by the conserved physical interaction with the MpPIF transcription factor. Therefore, we suggest that the role in the coordination of growth and stress responses was already encoded in the DELLA protein of the common ancestor of land plants, and the importance of this function is underscored by its conservation over the past 450 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rui Sun
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Carlos Vargas-Chávez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Esteve-Bruna
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Rutten JP, Ten Tusscher KH. Bootstrapping and Pinning down the Root Meristem; the Auxin-PLT-ARR Network Unites Robustness and Sensitivity in Meristem Growth Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094731. [PMID: 33946960 PMCID: PMC8125115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
After germination, the meristem of the embryonic plant root becomes activated, expands in size and subsequently stabilizes to support post-embryonic root growth. The plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, together with master transcription factors of the PLETHORA (PLT) family have been shown to form a regulatory network that governs the patterning of this root meristem. Still, which functional constraints contributed to shaping the dynamics and architecture of this network, has largely remained unanswered. Using a combination of modeling approaches we reveal how the interplay between auxin and PLTs enables meristem activation in response to above-threshold stimulation, while its embedding in a PIN-mediated auxin reflux loop ensures localized PLT transcription and thereby, a finite meristem size. We furthermore demonstrate how this constrained PLT transcriptional domain enables independent control of meristem size and division rates, further supporting a division of labor between auxin and PLT. We subsequently reveal how the weaker auxin antagonism of the earlier active Arabidopsis response regulator 12 (ARR12) may arise from the absence of a DELLA protein interaction domain. Our model indicates that this reduced strength is essential to prevent collapse in the early stages of meristem expansion while at later stages the enhanced strength of Arabidopsis response regulator 1 (ARR1) is required for sufficient meristem size control. Summarizing, our work indicates that functional constraints significantly contribute to shaping the auxin-cytokinin-PLT regulatory network.
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Hu Y, Zhou L, Yang Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Li X, Qian Q, Kong F, Li Y, Liu X, Hou X. The gibberellin signaling negative regulator RGA-LIKE3 promotes seed storage protein accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1697-1707. [PMID: 33793917 PMCID: PMC8133674 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage protein (SSP) acts as one of the main components of seed storage reserves, of which accumulation is tightly mediated by a sophisticated regulatory network. However, whether and how gibberellin (GA) signaling is involved in this important biological event is not fully understood. Here, we show that SSP content in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is significantly reduced by GA and increased in the GA biosynthesis triple mutant ga3ox1/3/4. Further investigation shows that the DELLA protein RGA-LIKE3 (RGL3), a negative regulator of GA signaling, is important for SSP accumulation. In rgl3 and 35S:RGL3-HA, the expression of SSP genes is down- and upregulated, respectively, compared with that in the wild-type. RGL3 interacts with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), a critical transcription factor for seed developmental processes governing SSP accumulation, both in vivo and in vitro, thus greatly promoting the transcriptional activating ability of ABI3 on SSP genes. In addition, genetic evidence shows that RGL3 and ABI3 regulate SSP accumulation in an interdependent manner. Therefore, we reveal a function of RGL3, a little studied DELLA member, as a coactivator of ABI3 to promote SSP biosynthesis during seed maturation stage. This finding advances the understanding of mechanisms in GA-mediated seed storage reserve accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Limeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Mohanty B. Promoter Architecture and Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Upregulated in Germination and Coleoptile Elongation of Diverse Rice Genotypes Tolerant to Submergence. Front Genet 2021; 12:639654. [PMID: 33796132 PMCID: PMC8008075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice has the natural morphological adaptation to germinate and elongate its coleoptile under submerged flooding conditions. The phenotypic deviation associated with the tolerance to submergence at the germination stage could be due to natural variation. However, the molecular basis of this variation is still largely unknown. A comprehensive understanding of gene regulation of different genotypes that have diverse rates of coleoptile elongation can provide significant insights into improved rice varieties. To do so, publicly available transcriptome data of five rice genotypes, which have different lengths of coleoptile elongation under submergence tolerance, were analyzed. The aim was to identify the correlation between promoter architecture, associated with transcriptional and hormonal regulation, in diverse genotype groups of rice that have different rates of coleoptile elongation. This was achieved by identifying the putative cis-elements present in the promoter sequences of genes upregulated in each group of genotypes (tolerant, highly tolerant, and extremely tolerant genotypes). Promoter analysis identified transcription factors (TFs) that are common and unique to each group of genotypes. The candidate TFs that are common in all genotypes are MYB, bZIP, AP2/ERF, ARF, WRKY, ZnF, MADS-box, NAC, AS2, DOF, E2F, ARR-B, and HSF. However, the highly tolerant genotypes interestingly possess binding sites associated with HY5 (bZIP), GBF3, GBF4 and GBF5 (bZIP), DPBF-3 (bZIP), ABF2, ABI5, bHLH, and BES/BZR, in addition to the common TFs. Besides, the extremely tolerant genotypes possess binding sites associated with bHLH TFs such as BEE2, BIM1, BIM3, BM8 and BAM8, and ABF1, in addition to the TFs identified in the tolerant and highly tolerant genotypes. The transcriptional regulation of these TFs could be linked to phenotypic variation in coleoptile elongation in response to submergence tolerance. Moreover, the results indicate a cross-talk between the key TFs and phytohormones such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids, for an altered transcriptional regulation leading to differences in germination and coleoptile elongation under submergence. The information derived from the current in silico analysis can potentially assist in developing new rice breeding targets for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Ito T, Fukazawa J. SCARECROW-LIKE3 regulates the transcription of gibberellin-related genes by acting as a transcriptional co-repressor of GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR1. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:463-482. [PMID: 33474657 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SCL3 inhibits transcriptional activity of IDD-DELLA complex by acting as a co-repressor and repression activity is enhanced in the presence of GAF1 in a TOPLESS-independent manner. GRAS [GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) and SCARECROW (SCR)] proteins are a family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators that play diverse roles in development and signaling. GRAS family DELLA proteins act as growth repressors by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) signaling in response to developmental and environmental cues. DELLAs also act as co-activators of transcription factor GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 (GAF1)/INDETERMINATE DOMAIN2 (IDD2), the GAF1-DELLA complex activating transcription of GAF1 target genes. GAF1 also interacts with TOPLESS (TPL), a transcriptional co-repressor, in the absence of DELLA, the GAF1-TPL complex repressing transcription of the target genes. SCARECROW-LIKE3 (SCL3), another member of the GRAS family, is thought to inhibit transcriptional activity of the IDD-DELLA complex through competitive interaction with IDD. Here, we also revealed that SCL3 inhibits transcriptional activation by the GAF1-DELLA complex via repression activity rather than via competitive inhibition of the GAF1-DELLA interaction. Moreover, the repression activity of SCL3 was enhanced by GAF1 in a TPL-independent manner. While the GRAS domain of DELLA has transcriptional activation activity, that of SCL3 has repression activity. SCL3 also inhibited transcriptional activity of GAF1-RGA fusion proteins. Results from the co-immunoprecipitation assays and the yeast three-hybrid assay suggested the possibility that SCL3 forms a ternary complex with GAF1 and DELLA. These findings provide important information on DELLA-regulated GA signaling and new insight into the transcriptional repression mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Jutarou Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Fang J, Chai Z, Yao W, Chen B, Zhang M. Interactions between ScNAC23 and ScGAI regulate GA-mediated flowering and senescence in sugarcane. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110806. [PMID: 33568306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Control of gene transcription is crucial to regulate plant growth and development events, such as flowering, leaf senescence, and seed germination. Here we identified a NAC transcription factor (ScNAC23) isolated from sugarcane (cv. ROC22). Analysis by qRT-PCR indicated that ScNAC23 expression was strongly induced in mature leaves and flowering varieties and was also responsive to exogenous treatment with the hormone gibberellin (GA). Ectopic expression of ScNAC23 in Arabidopsis accelerated bolting, flowering, and leaf senescence compared to wild type plants. Furthermore, Arabidopsis overexpressed ScNAC23 were more sensitive to GA than the wild type, and exogenous GA significantly accelerated flowering and senescence in the ScNAC23-overexpressed ones. A direct interaction between ScNAC23 and ScGAI, an inhibitor of GA signaling, was confirmed by yeast-two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and GST-pull down assay. The putative GA-ScNAC23-LFY/SAGs regulator module might provide a new sight into the molecular action of GA to accelerating flowering and leaf senescence in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Fang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Zhe Chai
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Wei Yao
- Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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Phokas A, Coates JC. Evolution of DELLA function and signaling in land plants. Evol Dev 2021; 23:137-154. [PMID: 33428269 PMCID: PMC9285615 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are master growth regulators that repress responses to a group of plant growth hormones called gibberellins (GAs). Manipulation of DELLA function and signaling was instrumental in the development of high‐yielding crop varieties that saved millions from starvation during the “Green Revolution.” Despite decades of extensive research, it is still unclear how DELLA function and signaling mechanisms evolved within the land plant lineage. Here, we review current knowledge on DELLA protein function with reference to structure, posttranslational modifications, downstream transcriptional targets, and protein–protein interactions. Furthermore, we discuss older and recent findings regarding the evolution of DELLA signaling within the land plant lineage, with an emphasis on bryophytes, and identify future avenues of research that would enable us to shed more light on the evolution of DELLA signaling. Unraveling how DELLA function and signaling mechanisms have evolved could enable us to engineer better crops in an attempt to contribute to mitigating the effects of global warming and achieving global food security. DELLA genes first appeared in the common ancestor of land plants and underwent two major duplications during land plant evolution. DELLAs repress gibberellin responses in vascular plants but their function in nonvascular plants remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Phokas
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juliet C Coates
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Zluhan-Martínez E, López-Ruíz BA, García-Gómez ML, García-Ponce B, de la Paz Sánchez M, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Integrative Roles of Phytohormones on Cell Proliferation, Elongation and Differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659155. [PMID: 33981325 PMCID: PMC8107238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of multicellular organisms relies on cell proliferation, elongation and differentiation that are tightly regulated throughout development by internal and external stimuli. The plasticity of a growth response largely depends on the capacity of the organism to adjust the ratio between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana offers many advantages toward understanding growth homeostasis as root cells are continuously produced and move from cell proliferation to elongation and differentiation that are processes spatially separated and could be studied along the longitudinal axis. Hormones fine tune plant growth responses and a huge amount of information has been recently generated on the role of these compounds in Arabidopsis primary root development. In this review, we summarized the participation of nine hormones in the regulation of the different zones and domains of the Arabidopsis primary root. In some cases, we found synergism between hormones that function either positively or negatively in proliferation, elongation or differentiation. Intriguingly, there are other cases where the interaction between hormones exhibits unexpected results. Future analysis on the molecular mechanisms underlying crosstalk hormone action in specific zones and domains will unravel their coordination over PR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brenda Anabel López-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica L. García-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Adriana Garay-Arroyo,
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Gawarecka K, Ahn JH. Isoprenoid-Derived Metabolites and Sugars in the Regulation of Flowering Time: Does Day Length Matter? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:765995. [PMID: 35003159 PMCID: PMC8738093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a diverse set of pathways regulate the transition to flowering, leading to remarkable developmental flexibility. Although the importance of photoperiod in the regulation of flowering time is well known, increasing evidence suggests the existence of crosstalk among the flowering pathways regulated by photoperiod and metabolic pathways. For example, isoprenoid-derived phytohormones (abscisic acid, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and cytokinins) play important roles in regulating flowering time. Moreover, emerging evidence reveals that other metabolites, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as sugar metabolism and sugar accumulation, also affect flowering time. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the roles of isoprenoid-derived metabolites and sugars in the regulation of flowering time and how day length affects these factors.
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Izawa T. What is going on with the hormonal control of flowering in plants? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:431-445. [PMID: 33111430 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system have overwhelmingly revealed many important molecular mechanisms underlying the control of various biological events, including floral induction in plants. The major genetic pathways of flowering have been characterized in-depth, and include the photoperiod, vernalization, autonomous and gibberellin pathways. In recent years, novel flowering pathways are increasingly being identified. These include age, thermosensory, sugar, stress and hormonal signals to control floral transition. Among them, hormonal control of flowering except the gibberellin pathway is not formally considered a major flowering pathway per se, due to relatively weak and often pleiotropic genetic effects, complex phenotypic variations, including some controversial ones. However, a number of recent studies have suggested that various stress signals may be mediated by hormonal regulation of flowering. In view of molecular diversity in plant kingdoms, this review begins with an assessment of photoperiodic flowering, not in A. thaliana, but in rice (Oryza sativa); rice is a staple crop for human consumption worldwide, and is a model system of short-day plants, cereals and breeding crops. The rice flowering pathway is then compared with that of A. thaliana. This review then aims to update our knowledge on hormonal control of flowering, and integrate it into the entire flowering gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Frank M, Cortleven A, Novák O, Schmülling T. Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2637-2649. [PMID: 32716064 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel type of abiotic stress caused by a prolongation of the light period-coined photoperiod stress-has been described in Arabidopsis. During the night after the prolongation of the light period, stress and cell death marker genes are induced. The next day, strongly stressed plants display a reduced photosynthetic efficiency and leaf cells eventually enter programmed cell death. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) acts as a negative regulator of this photoperiod stress syndrome. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis wild-type plants increase the CK concentration in response to photoperiod stress. Analysis of cytokinin synthesis and transport mutants revealed that root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ)-type CKs protect against photoperiod stress. The CK signalling proteins ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 2 (AHP2), AHP3 and AHP5 and transcription factors ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), ARR10 and ARR12 are required for the protective activity of CK. Analysis of higher order B-type arr mutants suggested that a complex regulatory circuit exists in which the loss of ARR10 or ARR12 can rescue the arr2 phenotype. Together the results revealed the role of root-derived CK acting in the shoot through the two-component signalling system to protect from the negative consequences of strong photoperiod stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang P, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Ren F, Shi H, Wu X. Comprehensive identification and analysis of DELLA genes throughout the plant kingdom. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 32762652 PMCID: PMC7409643 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DELLAs play key roles in plant gibberellin signaling pathways and are generally important in plant development and growth. However, DELLAs in many plant taxa have not yet been systematically analyzed. RESULTS In our study, we searched for DELLA genes across 58 green plant genomes and found 181 DELLAs. Structure analysis showed some DELLA domains do not contain "D-E-L-L-A" sequences and instead contain similar domains, including DGLLA and DSLLH domains. "VHYNP" motifs in plant DELLAs comprise 23 types of sequences, while some DELLAs did not contain GRAS domains. In grape, we found that the DELLA protein GSVIVT01015465001 contains an F-box domain, while apple DELLA proteins MDP0000220512 and MDP0000403162 contain a WW domain and a BCIP domain, respectively. These DELLAs can be divided into 22 homologous groups and 17 orthologous groups, and 35 paralogous genes were identified. In total, 35 positively selected genes (PSGs) and 121 negatively selected genes (NSGs) were found among DELLAs based on selective pressure analysis, with an average Ks of NSGs that was significantly higher than that of PSGs (P < 0.05). Among the paralogous groups, CBI and Fop were significantly positively correlated with GC, GC1, GC2, GC12, and GC3, while CAI was significantly positively correlated with GC, GC1, GC12, and GC. The paralogous groups with ω values exceeding 1 had significantly higher Ka values. We also found some paralogous groups with ω values exceeding 1 that differed in their motifs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides helpful insights into the evolution of DELLA genes and offers exciting opportunities for the investigation of DELLA functions in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fengshan Ren
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xinying Wu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Hernández-García J, Briones-Moreno A, Blázquez MA. Origin and evolution of gibberellin signaling and metabolism in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:46-54. [PMID: 32414681 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins modulate multiple aspects of plant behavior. The molecular mechanism by which these hormones are perceived and how this information is translated into transcriptional changes has been elucidated in vascular plants: gibberellins are perceived by the nuclear receptor GID1, which then interacts with the DELLA nuclear proteins and promote their degradation, resulting in the modification of the activity of transcription factors with which DELLAs interact physically. However, several important questions are still pending: how does a single molecule perform such a vast array of functions along plant development? What property do gibberellins add to plant behavior? A closer look at gibberellin action from an evolutionary perspective can help answer these questions. DELLA proteins are conserved in all land plants, and predate the emergence of a full gibberellin metabolic pathway and the GID1 receptor in the ancestor of vascular plants. The origin of gibberellin signaling is linked to the exaptation by GID1 of the N-terminal domain in DELLA, which already acted as a transcriptional coactivator domain in the ancestral DELLA proteins. At least the ability to control plant growth seems to be encoded already in the ancestral DELLA protein too, suggesting that gibberellins' functional diversity is the direct consequence of DELLA protein activity. Finally, comparative network analysis suggests that gibberellin signaling increases the coordination of transcriptional responses, providing a theoretical framework for the role of gibberellins in plant adaptation at the evolutionary scale, which further needs experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
| | - Asier Briones-Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain.
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Zhang QQ, Wang JG, Wang LY, Wang JF, Wang Q, Yu P, Bai MY, Fan M. Gibberellin repression of axillary bud formation in Arabidopsis by modulation of DELLA-SPL9 complex activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:421-432. [PMID: 31001922 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of lateral branches has an important and fundamental contribution to the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants, which allows plants to alter their architecture to adapt to the challenging environment conditions. The Gibberellin (GA) phytohormones have been known to regulate the outgrowth of axillary meristems (AMs), but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that DELLA proteins regulate axillary bud formation by interacting and regulating the DNA-binding ability of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE 9 (SPL9), a microRNA156-targeted squamosa promoter binding protein-like transcription factor. SPL9 participates in the initial regulation of axillary buds by repressing the expression of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), a key regulator in the initiation of AMs, and LAS contributes to the specific expression pattern of the GA deactivation enzyme GA2ox4, which is specifically expressed in the axils of leaves to form a low-GA cell niche in this anatomical region. Nevertheless, increasing GA levels in leaf axils by ectopically expressing the GA-biosynthesis enzyme GA20ox2 significantly impaired axillary meristem initiation. Our study demonstrates that DELLA-SPL9-LAS-GA2ox4 defines a core feedback regulatory module that spatially pattern GA content in the leaf axil and precisely control the axillary bud formation in different spatial and temporal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ling-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jun-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Molecular and functional characterization of two DELLA protein-coding genes in litchi. Gene 2020; 738:144455. [PMID: 32061763 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are members of the plant-specific GRAS family, acting as negative regulators of plant growth. In this study, we identified two DELLA protein-coding genes in litchi, denoted as LcGAI and LcRGL1. Motif analysis showed that LcGAI and LcRGL1 proteins both contain a conserved DELLA and TVHYNP motif at the N-terminus as well as LHR1, VHIID, LHR2, PFYRE, and SAW motifs at the C terminus. The fused proteins of LcGAI-GFP and LcRGL1-GFP were both localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of LcGAI and LcRGL1 in Arabidopsis substantially inhibits leaf growth. Expression analysis showed that HLH factors, PRE1 and PRE5, were restrained, whereas gibberellin (GA) receptors GID1a and LcGID1b were enhanced in LcGAI and LcRGL1 overexpression lines. Results of the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that LcGAI and LcRGL1 interact with LcGID1b/LcGID1c in a GA dose-dependent manner, whereas LcGAI and LcRGL1 had a greater binding capacity to LcGID1b than LcGID1c. These observations suggested that LcGAI and LcRGL1 proteins are nuclear growth repressors.
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37
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Zubo YO, Schaller GE. Role of the Cytokinin-Activated Type-B Response Regulators in Hormone Crosstalk. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020166. [PMID: 32019090 PMCID: PMC7076656 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin is an important phytohormone that employs a multistep phosphorelay to transduce the signal from receptors to the nucleus, culminating in activation of type-B response regulators which function as transcription factors. Recent chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) studies have identified targets of type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) and integrated these into the cytokinin-activated transcriptional network. Primary targets of the type-B ARRs are enriched for genes involved in hormonal regulation, emphasizing the extensive crosstalk that can occur between cytokinin, auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. Examination of hormone-related targets reveals multiple regulatory points including biosynthesis, degradation/inactivation, transport, and signal transduction. Here, we consider this early response to cytokinin in terms of the hormones involved, points of regulatory crosstalk, and physiological significance.
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38
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Bao S, Hua C, Shen L, Yu H. New insights into gibberellin signaling in regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:118-131. [PMID: 31785071 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, floral transition is a key developmental transition from the vegetative to reproductive growth, and requires precise regulation to maximize the reproductive success. A complex regulatory network governs this transition through integrating flowering pathways in response to multiple exogenous and endogenous cues. Phytohormones are essential for proper plant developmental regulation and have been extensively studied for their involvement in the floral transition. Among various phytohormones, gibberellin (GA) plays a major role in affecting flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The GA pathway interact with other flowering genetic pathways and phytohormone signaling pathways through either DELLA proteins or mediating GA homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of DELLA-mediated GA pathway in flowering time control in Arabidopsis, and discuss its possible link with other phytohormone pathways during the floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Bao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Changmei Hua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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39
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Hernández-García J, Briones-Moreno A, Dumas R, Blázquez MA. Origin of Gibberellin-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation by Molecular Exploitation of a Transactivation Domain in DELLA Proteins. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:908-918. [PMID: 30668817 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DELLA proteins are plant-specific transcriptional regulators known to interact through their C-terminal GRAS domain with over 150 transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Besides, DELLAs from vascular plants can interact through the N-terminal domain with the gibberellin receptor encoded by GID1, through which gibberellins promote DELLA degradation. However, this regulation is absent in nonvascular land plants, which lack active gibberellins or a proper GID1 receptor. Current knowledge indicates that DELLAs are important pieces of the signaling machinery of vascular plants, especially angiosperms, but nothing is known about DELLA function during early land plant evolution or if they exist at all in charophytan algae. We have now elucidated the evolutionary origin of DELLA proteins, showing that algal GRAS proteins are monophyletic and evolved independently from those of land plants, which explains why there are no DELLAs outside land plants. DELLA genes have been maintained throughout land plant evolution with only two major duplication events kept among plants. Furthermore, we show that the features needed for DELLA interaction with the receptor were already present in the ancestor of all land plants and propose that these DELLA N-terminal motifs have been tightly conserved in nonvascular land plants for their function in transcriptional coactivation, which allowed subsequent exaptation for the interaction with the GID1 receptor when vascular plants developed gibberellin synthesis and the corresponding perception module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Asier Briones-Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Renaud Dumas
- CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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40
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Vï Lz R, Kim SK, Mi J, Mariappan KG, Siodmak A, Al-Babili S, Hirt H. A Chimeric IDD4 Repressor Constitutively Induces Immunity in Arabidopsis via the Modulation of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1536-1555. [PMID: 30989238 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/BIRD proteins belong to a highly conserved plant-specific group of transcription factors with dedicated functions in plant physiology and development. Here, we took advantage of the chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T, SRDX) to widen our view on the role of IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE and IDD family members in plant immunity. The hypomorphic idd4SRDX lines are compromised in growth and show a robust autoimmune phenotype. Hormonal measurements revealed the concomitant accumulation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid suggesting that IDDs are involved in regulating the metabolism of these biotic stress hormones. The analysis of immunity-pathways showed enhanced activation of immune MAP kinase-signaling pathways, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and spontaneous programmed cell death. The transcriptome of nonelicited idd4SRDX lines can be aligned to approximately 40% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in flg22-treated wild-type plants. The pattern of DEGs implies IDDs as pivotal repressors of flg22-dependent gene induction. Infection experiments showed the increased resistance of idd4SRDX lines to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea implying a function of IDDs in defense adaptation to hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs. Genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies (DAP-SEQ) combined with DEG analysis of idd4SRDX lines identified IDD4-regulated functional gene clusters that contribute to plant growth and development. In summary, we discovered that the expression of idd4SRDX activates a wide range of defense-related traits opening up the possibility to apply idd4SRDX as a powerful tool to stimulate innate immunity in engineered crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Vï Lz
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Kap Kim
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga G Mariappan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Siodmak
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Universit� Paris-Sud, Universit� Evry, Universit� Paris-Saclay, B�timent 630, Orsay, France
- Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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41
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Reyes-Olalde JI, de Folter S. Control of stem cell activity in the carpel margin meristem (CMM) in Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:123-136. [PMID: 30671644 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate meristem activity in the CMM compared to the SAM. Meristems are undifferentiated cells responsible for post-embryonic plant development. The meristems are able to form new organs continuously by carefully balancing between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The plant stem cell niche in each meristem harbors the stem cells that are important to maintain each meristem. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces all above-parts of a plant and the molecular mechanisms active in the SAM are actively studied since many years, and models are available. During the reproductive phase of the plant, the inflorescence meristem gives rise to floral meristems, which give rise to the flowers. During floral development, the gynoecium forms that contains a new meristem inside, called the carpel margin meristem (CMM). In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium consists out of two fused carpels, where the CMM forms along the fused carpel margins. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms taking place in the CMM, and we discuss similarities and differences found in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Toluca, CP 50904, Almoloya de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, CP 50180, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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42
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Tan H, Man C, Xie Y, Yan J, Chu J, Huang J. A Crucial Role of GA-Regulated Flavonol Biosynthesis in Root Growth of Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:521-537. [PMID: 30630075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols have been demonstrated to play many important roles in plant growth, development, and communication with other organisms. Flavonol biosynthesis is spatiotemporally regulated by the subgroup 7 R2R3-MYB (SG7 MYB) transcription factors including MYB11/MYB12/MYB111. However, whether SG7-MYB activity is subject to post-translational regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that gibberellic acid (GA) inhibits flavonol biosynthesis via DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis. Protein-protein interaction analyses revealed that DELLAs (RGA and GAI) interacted with SG7 MYBs (MYB12 and MYB111) both in vitro and in vivo, leading to enhanced affinity of MYB binding to the promoter regions of key genes for flavonol biosynthesis and thus increasing their transcriptional levels. We observed that the level of auxin in the root tip was negatively correlated with root flavonol content. Furthermore, genetic assays showed that loss-of-function mutations in MYB12, which is predominantly expressed in roots, partially rescued the short-root phenotype of the GA-deficient mutant ga1-3 by increasing root meristem size and mature cell size. Consistent with these observations, exogenous application of the flavonol quercetin restored the root meristem size of myb12 ga1-3 to that of ga1-3. Taken together, our data elucidate a molecular mechanism by which GA promotes root growth by directly reducing flavonol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Man
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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43
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Cortleven A, Leuendorf JE, Frank M, Pezzetta D, Bolt S, Schmülling T. Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:998-1018. [PMID: 30488464 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin was originally discovered as a regulator of cell division. Later, it was described to be involved in regulating numerous processes in plant growth and development including meristem activity, tissue patterning, and organ size. More recently, diverse functions for cytokinin in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported. Cytokinin is required for the defence against high light stress and to protect plants from a novel type of abiotic stress caused by an altered photoperiod. Additionally, cytokinin has a role in the response to temperature, drought, osmotic, salt, and nutrient stress. Similarly, the full response to certain plant pathogens and herbivores requires a functional cytokinin signalling pathway. Conversely, different types of stress impact cytokinin homeostasis. The diverse functions of cytokinin in responses to stress and crosstalk with other hormones are described. Its emerging roles as a priming agent and as a regulator of growth-defence trade-offs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Erik Leuendorf
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Pezzetta
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bolt
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Rutten JP, Ten Tusscher K. In Silico Roots: Room for Growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:250-262. [PMID: 30665820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Computational models are invaluable tools for understanding the hormonal and genetic control of root development. Thus far, models have focused on the crucial roles that auxin transport and metabolism play in determining the auxin signaling gradient that controls the root meristem. Other hormones such as cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene have predominantly been considered as modulators of auxin dynamics, but their underlying patterning mechanisms are currently unresolved. In addition, the effects of cell- and tissue-level growth dynamics, which induce dilution and displacement of signaling molecules, have remained unexplored. Elucidating these additional mechanisms will be essential to unravel how root growth is patterned in a robust and self-organized manner. Models incorporating growth will thus be crucial in unraveling the underlying logic of root developmental decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pieter Rutten
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Völz R, Kim SK, Mi J, Rawat AA, Veluchamy A, Mariappan KG, Rayapuram N, Daviere JM, Achard P, Blilou I, Al-Babili S, Benhamed M, Hirt H. INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 4 (IDD4) coordinates immune responses with plant-growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007499. [PMID: 30677094 PMCID: PMC6345439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/ BIRD proteins are a highly conserved plant-specific family of transcription factors which play multiple roles in plant development and physiology. Here, we show that mutation in IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE increases resistance to the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, indicating that IDD4 may act as a repressor of basal immune response and PAMP-triggered immunity. Furthermore, the idd4 mutant exhibits enhanced plant-growth indicating IDD4 as suppressor of growth and development. Transcriptome comparison of idd4 mutants and IDD4ox lines aligned to genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies revealed major target genes related to defense and developmental-biological processes. IDD4 is a phospho-protein that interacts and becomes phosphorylated on two conserved sites by the MAP kinase MPK6. DNA-binding studies of IDD4 after flg22 treatment and with IDD4 phosphosite mutants show enhanced binding affinity to ID1 motif-containing promoters and its function as a transcriptional regulator. In contrast to the IDD4-phospho-dead mutant, the IDD4 phospho-mimicking mutant shows altered susceptibility to PstDC3000, salicylic acid levels and transcriptome reprogramming. In summary, we found that IDD4 regulates various hormonal pathways thereby coordinating growth and development with basal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soon-Kap Kim
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika A Rawat
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga G Mariappan
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Michel Daviere
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 12 Rue Général Zimmer, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 12 Rue Général Zimmer, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University Paris-Sud, University of Évry Val d'Essonne, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, UMR9213 Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris Saclay, Essonne, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Felipo-Benavent A, Úrbez C, Blanco-Touriñán N, Serrano-Mislata A, Baumberger N, Achard P, Agustí J, Blázquez MA, Alabadí D. Regulation of xylem fiber differentiation by gibberellins through DELLA-KNAT1 interaction. Development 2018; 145:dev.164962. [PMID: 30389856 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thickening of plant organs is supported by secondary growth, a process by which new vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are produced. Xylem is composed of several cell types, including xylary fibers, parenchyma and vessel elements. In Arabidopsis, it has been shown that fibers are promoted by the class-I KNOX gene KNAT1 and the plant hormones gibberellins, and are repressed by a small set of receptor-like kinases; however, we lack a mechanistic framework to integrate their relative contributions. Here, we show that DELLAs, negative elements of the gibberellin signaling pathway, physically interact with KNAT1 and impair its binding to KNAT1-binding sites. Our analysis also indicates that at least 37% of the transcriptome mobilized by KNAT1 is potentially dependent on this interaction, and includes genes involved in secondary cell wall modifications and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the promotion by constitutive overexpression of KNAT1 of fiber formation and the expression of genes required for fiber differentiation were still reverted by DELLA accumulation, in agreement with post-translational regulation of KNAT1 by DELLA proteins. These results suggest that gibberellins enhance fiber development by promoting KNAT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Felipo-Benavent
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Úrbez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Javier Agustí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
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Janocha D, Lohmann JU. From signals to stem cells and back again. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:136-142. [PMID: 30014888 PMCID: PMC6250905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During plant development, organ morphology and body architecture are dynamically adjusted in response to a changing environment. This developmental plasticity is based on precisely controlled maintenance of primary, as well as programmed initiation of pluripotent stem cell populations during secondary- and de novo meristem formation (reviewed in [1-3]). Plant stem cells are found exclusively in specific locations that are defined by relative position within the growing tissue. It follows that stem cell fate is primarily instructed by endogenous signals that dynamically define the stem cell niche in response to tissue topography [4]. Furthermore, plant stem cell activity is strongly dependent on developmental stage, suggesting that they are sensitive to long range signaling from distant organs, including the root [5,6••]. And finally, environmental signals exert a major influence allowing plants to cope with the plethora of highly variable environmental parameters during their life-cycle [7]. Integrating tissue level positional information with long range developmental cues, as well as environmental signals requires intricate molecular mechanisms that allow to filter, classify, and balance diverse inputs and translate them into appropriate local cell behavior. In this short review, we aim to highlight advances in identifying the relevant signals, their mode of action, as well as the mechanisms of information processing in stem cells of the shoot apical meristem (SAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Janocha
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Serrano-Mislata A, Sablowski R. The pillars of land plants: new insights into stem development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:11-17. [PMID: 29763857 PMCID: PMC6250904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its central importance in evolution, plant architecture and crop improvement, stem development remains poorly understood relative to other plant organs. Here, we summarise current knowledge of stem ontogenesis and its regulation, including insights from new image analysis and biophysical approaches. The stem initiates in the rib zone (RZ) of the shoot apical meristem, under transcriptional control by DELLA and BLH proteins. Links have emerged between these regulators and cell proliferation, patterning and oriented growth in the RZ. During subsequent internode elongation, cell wall properties and mechanics have been analysed in detail, revealing pectin modification as a prominent control point. Recent work has also highlighted signalling to coordinate growth of stem tissues with different mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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49
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Lim J, Park JH, Jung S, Hwang D, Nam HG, Hong S. Antagonistic Roles of PhyA and PhyB in Far-Red Light-Dependent Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1753-1764. [PMID: 30099525 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is regulated by diverse developmental and environmental factors to maximize plant fitness. The red to far-red light ratio (R:FR) detected by plant phytochromes is reduced under vegetation shade, thus initiating leaf senescence. However, the role of phytochromes in promoting leaf senescence under FR-enriched conditions is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of phyA and phyB in regulating leaf senescence under FR in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). FR enrichment and intermittent FR pulses promoted the senescence of Arabidopsis leaves. Additionally, phyA and phyB mutants showed enhanced and repressed senescence phenotypes in FR, respectively, indicating that phyA and phyB antagonistically regulate FR-dependent leaf senescence. Transcriptomic analysis using phyA and phyB mutants in FR identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in leaf senescence-related processes, such as responses to light, phytohormones, temperature, photosynthesis and defense, showing opposite expression patterns in phyA and phyB mutants. These contrasting expression profiles of DEGs support the antagonism between phyA and phyB in FR-dependent leaf senescence. Among the genes showing antagonistic regulation, we confirmed that the expression of WRKY6, which encodes a senescence-associated transcription factor, was negatively and positively regulated by phyA and phyB, respectively. The wrky6 mutant showed a repressed senescence phenotype compared with the wild type in FR, indicating that WRKY6 plays a positive role in FR-dependent leaf senescence. Our results imply that antagonism between phyA and phyB is involved in fine-tuning leaf senescence under varying FR conditions in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyun Lim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Park
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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50
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Tan M, Li G, Liu X, Cheng F, Ma J, Zhao C, Zhang D, Han M. Exogenous application of GA 3 inactively regulates axillary bud outgrowth by influencing of branching-inhibitors and bud-regulating hormones in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1547-1563. [PMID: 30116947 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although gibberellin (GA) has been reported to control branching, little is known about how GA mediates signals regulating the outgrowth of axillary buds (ABs). In the current study, the effect of the exogenous application of 5.0 mM GA3 on ABs outgrowth on 1-year-old 'Nagafu No. 2'/T337/M. robusta Rehd. apple trees was investigated and compared to the bud-activating treatments, 5 mM BA or decapitation. Additionally, the expression of genes related to bud-regulating signals and sucrose levels in ABs was examined. Results indicated that GA3 did not promote ABs' outgrowth, nor down-regulate the expression of branching repressors [MdTCP40, MdTCP33, and MdTCP16 (homologs of BRANCHED1 and BRC2)], which were significantly inhibited by the BA and decapitation treatments. MdSBP12 and MdSBP18, the putative transcriptional activators of these genes, which are expressed at lower levels in BA-treated and decapitated buds, were up-regulated in the GA3 treatment in comparison to the BA treatment. Additionally, GA3 did not up-regulate the expression of CK response- and auxin transport-related genes, which were immediately induced by the BA treatment. In addition, GA3 also up-regulated the expression of several Tre6P biosynthesis genes and reduced sucrose levels in ABs. Sucrose levels, however, were still higher than what was observed in BA-treated buds, indicating that sucrose may not be limiting in GA3-controlled AB outgrowth. Although GA3 promoted cell division, it was not sufficient to induce AB outgrowth. Conclusively, some branching-inhibiting genes and bud-regulating hormones are associated with the inability of GA3 to activate AB outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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