1
|
Epifane-de-Assunção MC, Bispo AG, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â, Cavalcante GC. Molecular Alterations in Core Subunits of Mitochondrial Complex I and Their Relation to Parkinson'S Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04526-5. [PMID: 39331353 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Among the myriad of neurodegenerative diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction represents a nexus regarding their pathogenic processes, in which Parkinson's disease (PD) is notable for inherent vulnerability of the dopaminergic pathway to energy deficits and oxidative stress. Underlying this dysfunction, the occurrence of defects in complex I (CI) derived from molecular alterations in its subunits has been described in the literature. However, the mechanistic understanding of the processes mediating the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by CI deficiency in PD remains uncertain and subject to some inconsistencies. Therefore, this review analyzed existing evidence that may explain the relationship between molecular alterations in the core subunits of CI, recognized for their direct contribution to its enzymatic performance, and the pathogenesis of PD. As a result, we discussed 47 genetic variants in the 14 core subunits of CI, which, despite some discordant results, were predominantly associated with varying degrees of deficiency in complex enzymatic activity, as well as defects in supercomplex biogenesis and CI itself. Finally, we hypothesized about the relationship of the described alterations with the pathogenesis of PD and offered some suggestions that may aid in the design of future studies aimed at elucidating the relationship between such alterations and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Caetano Epifane-de-Assunção
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabrielle Bispo
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Energético, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin S, Shu Y, Shen R, Zhou Y, Pan H, He L, Fang F, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Xu W, Ding J. The regulation of NFKB1 on CD200R1 expression and their potential roles in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:229. [PMID: 39294682 PMCID: PMC11409543 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactivated microglia are a key contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD) by inducing neuroinflammation. CD200R1, a membrane glycoprotein mainly found on microglia, is crucial for maintaining quiescence with its dysregulation linked to microglia's abnormal activation. We and other groups have reported a decline in CD200R1 levels in several neurological disorders including PD. However, the mechanism regulating CD200R1 expression and the specific reasons for its reduction in PD remain largely unexplored. Given the pivotal role of transcription factors in gene expression, this study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of CD200R1 and its implications in PD. METHODS The CD200R1 promoter core region was identified via luciferase assays. Potential transcription factors were predicted using the UCSC ChIP-seq database and JASPAR. NFKB1 binding to the CD200R1 core promoter was substantiated through electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Knocking-down or overexpressing NFKB1 validated its regulatory effect on CD200R1. Correlation between decreased CD200R1 and deficient NFKB1 was studied using Genotype-Tissue Expression database. The clinical samples of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were acquired from 44 PD patients (mean age 64.13 ± 9.78, 43.2% male, median Hoehn-Yahr stage 1.77) and 45 controls (mean age 64.70 ± 9.41, 52.1% male). NFKB1 knockout mice were utilized to study the impact of NFKB1 on CD200R1 expression and to assess their roles in PD pathophysiology. RESULTS The study identified the CD200R1 core promoter region, located 482 to 146 bp upstream of its translation initiation site, was directly regulated by NFKB1. Significant correlation between NFKB1 and CD200R1 expression was observed in human PMBCs. Both NFKB1 and CD200R1 were significantly decreased in PD patient samples. Furthermore, NFKB1-/- mice exhibited exacerbated microglia activation and dopaminergic neuron loss after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. CONCLUSION Our study identified that NFKB1 served as a direct regulator of CD200R1. Reduced NFKB1 played a critical role in CD200R1 dysregulation and subsequent microglia overactivation in PD. These findings provide evidence that targeting the NFKB1-CD200R1 axis would be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Shu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruinan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Aging, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Maternity and child care centers, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200135, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paß T, Ricke KM, Hofmann P, Chowdhury RS, Nie Y, Chinnery P, Endepols H, Neumaier B, Carvalho A, Rigoux L, Steculorum SM, Prudent J, Riemer T, Aswendt M, Liss B, Brachvogel B, Wiesner RJ. Preserved striatal innervation maintains motor function despite severe loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Brain 2024; 147:3189-3203. [PMID: 38574200 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their striatal axon terminals causes cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. In idiopathic cases, high levels of mitochondrial DNA alterations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, are a central feature of these vulnerable neurons. Here we present a mouse model expressing the K320E variant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle in dopaminergic neurons, leading to accelerated mitochondrial DNA mutations. These K320E-TwinkleDaN mice showed normal motor function at 20 months of age, although ∼70% of nigral dopaminergic neurons had perished. Remaining neurons still preserved ∼75% of axon terminals in the dorsal striatum and enabled normal dopamine release. Transcriptome analysis and viral tracing confirmed compensatory axonal sprouting of the surviving neurons. We conclude that a small population of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is able to adapt to the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and maintain motor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad M Ricke
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pierre Hofmann
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roy S Chowdhury
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Nie
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Chinnery
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Heike Endepols
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - André Carvalho
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M Steculorum
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Trine Riemer
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maldonado-Devincci AM, Odelade AE, Irby-Shabazz A, Jadhav V, Nepal P, Chang EM, Chang AY, Han J. Longitudinal sex-specific impacts of high-fat diet on dopaminergic dysregulation and behavior from periadolescence to late adulthood. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39046103 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2377471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is recognized for its adverse impact on brain health and related behaviors; however, the specific longitudinal effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) from juvenile stages of development through late adulthood remain poorly understood, particularly sex-specific outcomes. This study aimed to determine how prolonged exposure to HFD, commencing during periadolescence, would differentially predispose male and female mice to an elevated risk of dopaminergic dysregulation and associated behavioral deficits. METHODS One-month-old C57BL/6J male and female mice were subjected to either a control diet or an HFD for 5 and 9 months. Muscle strength, motor skills, sensorimotor integration, and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed at the end of the 5th and 8th months. Key dopaminergic molecules, including dopamine (DA), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), were quantified at the end of the 5th or 9th months. RESULTS Behaviorally, male mice exposed to HFD exhibited more pronounced alterations in sensorimotor integration, anxiety-like behavior, and muscle strength after the 5th month of dietary exposure. In contrast, female mice displayed most behavioral differences after the 8th month of HFD exposure. Physiologically, there were notable sex-specific variations in the dopaminergic pathway response to HFD. Male mice exposed to HFD exhibited elevated tissue levels of VMAT2 and DRD2, whereas female mice showed reduced levels of DRD2 and DAT compared to control groups. DISCUSSION These findings indicate a general trend of altered time course susceptibility in male mice to chronic HFD consumption compared to their female counterparts, with male mice impacted earlier than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoniette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, John R. and Kathy R. Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Anuoluwapo E Odelade
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Adenike Irby-Shabazz
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Vidya Jadhav
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Pragya Nepal
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Evelyn M Chang
- Program in Liberal Medical Education, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence
| | - Alex Y Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bucher ML, Dicent J, Duarte Hospital C, Miller GW. Neurotoxicology of dopamine: Victim or assailant? Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:175-188. [PMID: 38857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century, investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological level and in human disorders. Genetic animal models that manipulate the expression of proteins involved in dopamine homeostasis have provided key insight into the consequences of dysregulated dopamine. As a result, we have come to understand the potential of dopamine to act as an endogenous neurotoxin through the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites that can damage cellular macromolecules. Endogenous factors, such as genetic variation and subcellular processes, and exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures, have been identified as contributors to the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis. Given the variety of dysregulating factors that impact dopamine homeostasis and the potential for dopamine itself to contribute to further cellular dysfunction, dopamine can be viewed as both the victim and an assailant of neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease has emerged as the exemplar case study of dopamine dysregulation due to the genetic and environmental factors known to contribute to disease risk, and due to the evidence of dysregulated dopamine as a pathologic and pathogenic feature of the disease. This review, inspired by the talk, "Dopamine in Durham: location, location, location" presented by Dr. Miller for the Jacob Hooisma Memorial Lecture at the International Neurotoxicology Association meeting in 2023, offers a primer on dopamine toxicity covering endogenous and exogenous factors that disrupt dopamine homeostasis and the actions of dopamine as an endogenous neurotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Duarte Hospital
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kampmann M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:351-371. [PMID: 38575768 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and cell types that are selectively vulnerable in different neurodegenerative diseases and describe the proposed underlying cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. I highlight how recent methodological innovations - including single-cell transcriptomics, CRISPR-based screens and human cell-based models of disease - are enabling new breakthroughs in our understanding of selective vulnerability. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that determine selective vulnerability and resilience would shed light on the key processes that drive neurodegeneration and point to potential therapeutic strategies to protect vulnerable cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reich N, Hölscher C. Cholecystokinin (CCK): a neuromodulator with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101122. [PMID: 38346453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide modulating digestion, glucose levels, neurotransmitters and memory. Recent studies suggest that CCK exhibits neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, we review the physiological function and therapeutic potential of CCK. The neuropeptide facilitates hippocampal glutamate release and gates GABAergic basket cell activity, which improves declarative memory acquisition, but inhibits consolidation. Cortical CCK alters recognition memory and enhances audio-visual processing. By stimulating CCK-1 receptors (CCK-1Rs), sulphated CCK-8 elicits dopamine release in the substantia nigra and striatum. In the mesolimbic pathway, CCK release is triggered by dopamine and terminates reward responses via CCK-2Rs. Importantly, activation of hippocampal and nigral CCK-2Rs is neuroprotective by evoking AMPK activation, expression of mitochondrial fusion modulators and autophagy. Other benefits include vagus nerve/CCK-1R-mediated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, intestinal protection and suppression of inflammation. We also discuss caveats and the therapeutic combination of CCK with other peptide hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second associated Hospital, Neurology Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Neurodegeneration research group, Xinzhen, Henan province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang S, Niou ZX, Enriquez A, LaMar J, Huang JY, Ling K, Jafar-Nejad P, Gilley J, Coleman MP, Tennessen JM, Rangaraju V, Lu HC. NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38282024 PMCID: PMC10823734 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic maladaptations and axonopathy are often found in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential cofactor for energy metabolism, is mainly synthesized by Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) in CNS neurons. NMNAT2 mRNA levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Here we addressed whether NMNAT2 is required for axonal health of cortical glutamatergic neurons, whose long-projecting axons are often vulnerable in neurodegenerative conditions. We also tested if NMNAT2 maintains axonal health by ensuring axonal ATP levels for axonal transport, critical for axonal function. METHODS We generated mouse and cultured neuron models to determine the impact of NMNAT2 loss from cortical glutamatergic neurons on axonal transport, energetic metabolism, and morphological integrity. In addition, we determined if exogenous NAD supplementation or inhibiting a NAD hydrolase, sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1), prevented axonal deficits caused by NMNAT2 loss. This study used a combination of techniques, including genetics, molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, fluorescent time-lapse imaging, live imaging with optical sensors, and anti-sense oligos. RESULTS We provide in vivo evidence that NMNAT2 in glutamatergic neurons is required for axonal survival. Using in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that NMNAT2 maintains the NAD-redox potential to provide "on-board" ATP via glycolysis to vesicular cargos in distal axons. Exogenous NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2 KO neurons restores glycolysis and resumes fast axonal transport. Finally, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that reducing the activity of SARM1, an NAD degradation enzyme, can reduce axonal transport deficits and suppress axon degeneration in NMNAT2 KO neurons. CONCLUSION NMNAT2 ensures axonal health by maintaining NAD redox potential in distal axons to ensure efficient vesicular glycolysis required for fast axonal transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zhen-Xian Niou
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Andrea Enriquez
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jacob LaMar
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jui-Yen Huang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855, Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Paymaan Jafar-Nejad
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855, Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Jonathan Gilley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Vidhya Rangaraju
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samanta S, Chakraborty S, Bagchi D. Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Protective Role of Natural Bioactive Components. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:20-32. [PMID: 37186678 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2203235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a serious problem throughout the world. There are several causes of neurodegenerative diseases; these include genetic predisposition, accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity. Oxidative stress increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that advance lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation. The cellular antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and reduced glutathione) plays a crucial role in scavenging free radicals. An imbalance in the defensive actions of antioxidants and overproduction of ROS intensify neurodegeneration. The formation of misfolded proteins, glutamate toxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance promote the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Antioxidants are now attractive molecules to fight against neurodegeneration. Certain vitamins (A, E, C) and polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) show excellent antioxidant properties. Diet is the major source of antioxidants. However, diet medicinal herbs are also rich sources of numerous flavonoids. Antioxidants prevent ROS-mediated neuronal degeneration in post-oxidative stress conditions. The present review is focused on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the protective role of antioxidants. KEY TEACHING POINTSThis review shows that multiple factors are directly or indirectly associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Failure to cellular antioxidant capacity increases oxidative stress that intensifies neuroinflammation and disease progression.Different vitamins, carotenoids, and flavonoids, having antioxidant capacity, can be considered protective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meerman JJ, Legler J, Piersma AH, Westerink RHS, Heusinkveld HJ. An adverse outcome pathway for chemical-induced Parkinson's disease: Calcium is key. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:226-243. [PMID: 37926220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, rodent-based risk assessment studies cannot adequately capture neurodegenerative effects of pesticides due to a lack of human-relevant endpoints targeted at neurodegeneration. Thus, there is a need for improvement of the risk assessment guidelines. Specifically, a mechanistic assessment strategy, based on human physiology and (patho)biology is needed, which can be applied in next generation risk assessment. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is particularly well-suited to provide the mechanistic basis for such a strategy. Here, we conducted a semi-systematic review in Embase and MEDLINE, focused on neurodegeneration and pesticides, to develop an AOP network for parkinsonian motor symptoms. Articles were labelled and included/excluded using the online platform Sysrev. Only primary articles, written in English, focused on effects of pesticides or PD model compounds in models for the brain were included. A total of 66 articles, out of the 1700 screened, was included. PD symptoms are caused by loss of function and ultimately death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Our literature review highlights that a unique feature of these cells that increases their vulnerability is their reliance on continuous low-level influx of calcium. As such, excess intracellular calcium was identified as a central early Key Event (KE). This KE can lead to death of dopaminergic neurons of the SN, and eventually parkinsonian motor symptoms, via four distinct pathways: 1) activation of calpains, 2) endoplasmic reticulum stress, 3) impairment of protein degradation, and 4) oxidative damage. Several receptors have been identified that may serve as molecular initiating events (MIEs) to trigger one or more of these pathways. The proposed AOP network provides the biological basis that can be used to develop a mechanistic testing strategy that captures neurodegenerative effects of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Meerman
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rocchetti J, Fasano C, Dal-Bo G, Guma E, El Mestikawy S, Wong TP, Fakhfouri G, Giros B. Persistent extrasynaptic hyperdopaminergia in the mouse hippocampus induces plasticity and recognition memory deficits reversed by the atypical antipsychotic sulpiride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289770. [PMID: 37624765 PMCID: PMC10456148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that subcortical hyperdopaminergia alters cognitive function in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs (APD) fail at rescuing cognitive deficits in patients. In a previous study, we showed that blocking D2 dopamine receptors (D2R), a core action of APD, led to profound reshaping of mesohippocampal fibers, deficits in synaptic transmission and impairments in learning and memory in the mouse hippocampus (HP). However, it is currently unknown how excessive dopamine affects HP-related cognitive functions, and how APD would impact HP functions in such a state. After verifying the presence of DAT-positive neuronal projections in the ventral (temporal), but not in the dorsal (septal), part of the HP, GBR12935, a blocker of dopamine transporter (DAT), was infused in the CA1 of adult C57Bl/6 mice to produce local hyperdopaminergia. Chronic GBR12935 infusion in temporal CA1 induced a mild learning impairment in the Morris Water Maze and abolished long-term recognition memory in novel-object (NORT) and object-place recognition tasks (OPRT). Deficits were accompanied by a significant decrease in DAT+ mesohippocampal fibers. Intrahippocampal or systemic treatment with sulpiride during GBR infusions improved the NORT deficit but not that of OPRT. In vitro application of GBR on hippocampal slices abolished long-term depression (LTD) of fEPSP in temporal CA1. LTD was rescued by co-application with sulpiride. In conclusion, chronic DAT blockade in temporal CA1 profoundly altered mesohippocampal modulation of hippocampal functions. Contrary to previous observations in normodopaminergic mice, antagonising D2Rs was beneficial for cognitive functions in the context of hippocampal hyperdopaminergia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Rocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Fasano
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Dal-Bo
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, NPS – IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Tak-Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université Paris-Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Delignat-Lavaud B, Kano J, Ducrot C, Massé I, Mukherjee S, Giguère N, Moquin L, Lévesque C, Burke S, Denis R, Bourque MJ, Tchung A, Rosa-Neto P, Lévesque D, De Beaumont L, Trudeau LÉ. Synaptotagmin-1-dependent phasic axonal dopamine release is dispensable for basic motor behaviors in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4120. [PMID: 37433762 PMCID: PMC10336101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), motor dysfunctions only become apparent after extensive loss of DA innervation. This resilience has been hypothesized to be due to the ability of many motor behaviors to be sustained through a diffuse basal tone of DA; but experimental evidence for this is limited. Here we show that conditional deletion of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) in DA neurons (Syt1 cKODA mice) abrogates most activity-dependent axonal DA release in the striatum and mesencephalon, leaving somatodendritic (STD) DA release intact. Strikingly, Syt1 cKODA mice showed intact performance in multiple unconditioned DA-dependent motor tasks and even in a task evaluating conditioned motivation for food. Considering that basal extracellular DA levels in the striatum were unchanged, our findings suggest that activity-dependent DA release is dispensable for such tasks and that they can be sustained by a basal tone of extracellular DA. Taken together, our findings reveal the striking resilience of DA-dependent motor functions in the context of a near-abolition of phasic DA release, shedding new light on why extensive loss of DA innervation is required to reveal motor dysfunctions in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jana Kano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Massé
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, CIUSSS NIM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Denis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Alex Tchung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, CIUSSS NIM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ducrot C, de Carvalho G, Delignat-Lavaud B, Delmas CVL, Halder P, Giguère N, Pacelli C, Mukherjee S, Bourque MJ, Parent M, Chen LY, Trudeau LE. Conditional deletion of neurexins dysregulates neurotransmission from dopamine neurons. eLife 2023; 12:e87902. [PMID: 37409563 PMCID: PMC10409506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are key regulators of basal ganglia functions. The axonal domain of these neurons is highly complex, with a large subset of non-synaptic release sites and a smaller subset of synaptic terminals from which in addition to DA, glutamate or GABA are also released. The molecular mechanisms regulating the connectivity of DA neurons and their neurochemical identity are unknown. An emerging literature suggests that neuroligins, trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules, regulate both DA neuron connectivity and neurotransmission. However, the contribution of their major interaction partners, neurexins (Nrxns), is unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Nrxns regulate DA neuron neurotransmission. Mice with conditional deletion of all Nrxns in DA neurons (DAT::NrxnsKO) exhibited normal basic motor functions. However, they showed an impaired locomotor response to the psychostimulant amphetamine. In line with an alteration in DA neurotransmission, decreased levels of the membrane DA transporter (DAT) and increased levels of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) were detected in the striatum of DAT::NrxnsKO mice, along with reduced activity-dependent DA release. Strikingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed an increase of GABA co-release from DA neuron axons in the striatum of these mice. Together, these findings suggest that Nrxns act as regulators of the functional connectivity of DA neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Gregory de Carvalho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Constantin VL Delmas
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Priyabrata Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Martin Parent
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Lulu Y Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang S, Niou ZX, Enriquez A, LaMar J, Huang JY, Ling K, Jafar-Nejad P, Gilley J, Coleman MP, Tennessen JM, Rangaraju V, Lu HC. NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2859584. [PMID: 37292715 PMCID: PMC10246254 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2859584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Bioenergetic maladaptations and axonopathy are often found in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential cofactor for energy metabolism, is mainly synthesized by Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) in CNS neurons. NMNAT2 mRNA levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Here we addressed whether NMNAT2 is required for axonal health of cortical glutamatergic neurons, whose long-projecting axons are often vulnerable in neurodegenerative conditions. We also tested if NMNAT2 maintains axonal health by ensuring axonal ATP levels for axonal transport, critical for axonal function. Methods We generated mouse and cultured neuron models to determine the impact of NMNAT2 loss from cortical glutamatergic neurons on axonal transport, energetic metabolism, and morphological integrity. In addition, we determined if exogenous NAD supplementation or inhibiting a NAD hydrolase, sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1), prevented axonal deficits caused by NMNAT2 loss. This study used a combination of genetics, molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, fluorescent time-lapse imaging, live imaging with optical sensors, and anti-sense oligos. Results We provide in vivo evidence that NMNAT2 in glutamatergic neurons is required for axonal survival. Using in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that NMNAT2 maintains the NAD-redox potential to provide "on-board" ATP via glycolysis to vesicular cargos in distal axons. Exogenous NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2 KO neurons restores glycolysis and resumes fast axonal transport. Finally, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that reducing the activity of SARM1, an NAD degradation enzyme, can reduce axonal transport deficits and suppress axon degeneration in NMNAT2 KO neurons. Conclusion NMNAT2 ensures axonal health by maintaining NAD redox potential in distal axons to ensure efficient vesicular glycolysis required for fast axonal transport.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kuan W, Alfaidi M, Horne CB, Vallin B, Fox S, Fazal SV, Williams‐Gray CH, Barker RA. Selective neurodegeneration generated by intravenous α-synuclein pre-formed fibril administration is not associated with endogenous α-synuclein levels in the rat brain. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13128. [PMID: 36321260 PMCID: PMC10154377 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective loss of discrete neuronal populations is a prominent feature of many neurodegenerative conditions, but the molecular basis of this is poorly understood. A central role of α-synuclein in the selective neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease has been speculated, as its level of expression critically determines the propensity of this protein to misfold. To investigate whether the propensity of neuronal cell loss is associated with the level of endogenous α-synuclein expression, non-transgenic rats were given a single intravenous administration of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) reversibly complexed with the rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG9R). The number of surviving cells in different neuronal populations was systematically quantified using unbiased stereology. Our data demonstrated that a non-selective, transvascular delivery of α-synuclein PFFs led to a time-dependent loss of specific populations of midbrain (but not olfactory) dopaminergic neurons, medullary (but not pontine) cholinergic neurons, and brainstem serotonergic neurons. Contrary to the central role of endogenous α-synuclein expression in determining the seeding and aggregation propensity of pathological α-synuclein, we did not observe an association between the levels of α-synuclein expression in different regions of the rodent brain (although did not ascertain this at the individual cell level) and neurodegenerative propensity. The results from our study highlight the complexity of the neurodegenerative process generated by α-synuclein seeding. Further investigations are therefore required to elucidate the molecular basis of neurodegeneration driven by exogenous pathogenic α-synuclein spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maha Alfaidi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Catherine B. Horne
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Benjamin Vallin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sarah Fox
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Shaline V. Fazal
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Caroline H. Williams‐Gray
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roger A. Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of NeurologyAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust MRC Cambridge Stem Cell CentreCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yahya V, Di Fonzo A, Monfrini E. Genetic Evidence for Endolysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076338. [PMID: 37047309 PMCID: PMC10094484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population, and no disease-modifying therapy has been approved to date. The pathogenesis of PD has been related to many dysfunctional cellular mechanisms, however, most of its monogenic forms are caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in endolysosomal function (LRRK2, VPS35, VPS13C, and ATP13A2) and synaptic vesicle trafficking (SNCA, RAB39B, SYNJ1, and DNAJC6). Moreover, an extensive search for PD risk variants revealed strong risk variants in several lysosomal genes (e.g., GBA1, SMPD1, TMEM175, and SCARB2) highlighting the key role of lysosomal dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Furthermore, large genetic studies revealed that PD status is associated with the overall “lysosomal genetic burden”, namely the cumulative effect of strong and weak risk variants affecting lysosomal genes. In this context, understanding the complex mechanisms of impaired vesicular trafficking and dysfunctional endolysosomes in dopaminergic neurons of PD patients is a fundamental step to identifying precise therapeutic targets and developing effective drugs to modify the neurodegenerative process in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidal Yahya
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases. Considerable progress has been made in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, and recent work has begun to unveil how these neuronal subtypes develop and organize into functional brain structures. This progress is important for further understanding the disparate physiological functions of mDA neurons and their selective vulnerability in disease, and will ultimately accelerate therapy development. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of molecularly defined mDA neuron subtypes and their circuits, ranging from early developmental events, such as neuron migration and axon guidance, to their wiring and function, and future implications for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ledonne A, Massaro Cenere M, Paldino E, D'Angelo V, D'Addario SL, Casadei N, Nobili A, Berretta N, Fusco FR, Ventura R, Sancesario G, Guatteo E, Mercuri NB. Morpho-Functional Changes of Nigral Dopamine Neurons in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:256-266. [PMID: 36350188 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils in intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a pathological signature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several aspects linked to α-syn-dependent pathology (concerning its spreading, aggregation, and activation of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes) have been under intense investigation, less attention has been devoted to the real impact of α-syn overexpression on structural and functional properties of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine (DA) neurons, particularly at tardive stages of α-syn buildup, despite this has obvious relevance to comprehending mechanisms beyond PD progression. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the consequences of a prolonged α-syn overexpression on somatodendritic morphology and functions of SNpc DA neurons. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry, stereological DA cell counts, analyses of dendritic arborization, ex vivo patch-clamp recordings, and in vivo DA microdialysis measurements in a 12- to 13-month-old transgenic rat model overexpressing the full-length human α-syn (Snca+/+ ) and age-matched wild-type rats. RESULTS Aged Snca+/+ rats have mild loss of SNpc DA neurons and decreased basal DA levels in the SN. Residual nigral DA neurons display smaller soma and compromised dendritic arborization and, in parallel, increased firing activity, switch in firing mode, and hyperexcitability associated with hypofunction of fast activating/inactivating voltage-gated K+ channels and Ca2+ - and voltage-activated large conductance K+ channels. These intrinsic currents underlie the repolarization/afterhyperpolarization phase of action potentials, thus affecting neuronal excitability. CONCLUSIONS Besides clarifying α-syn-induced pathological landmarks, such evidence reveals compensatory functional mechanisms that nigral DA neurons could adopt during PD progression to counteract neurodegeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Massaro Cenere
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza D'Angelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Luca D'Addario
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Berretta
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Jiang H, Li H, Li L, Yan Z, Feng J. Generation of human A9 dopaminergic pacemakers from induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4407-4418. [PMID: 35610351 PMCID: PMC9684358 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The degeneration of nigral (A9) dopaminergic (DA) neurons causes motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). We use small-molecule compounds to direct the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to A9 DA neurons that share many important properties with their in vivo counterparts. The method generates a large percentage of TH+ neurons that express appropriate A9 markers, such as GIRK2 and ALDH1A1, but mostly not the A10 marker CALBINDIN. Functionally, they exhibit autonomous pacemaking based on L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and show autoreceptor-dependent regulation of dopamine release. When transplanted in the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned athymic rats, the human A9 DA neurons manifest robust survival and axon outgrowth, and ameliorate motor deficits in the rat PD model. The ability to generate patient-specific A9 DA autonomous pacemakers will significantly improve PD research and facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Houbo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
| | - Hanqin Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
21
|
Lycas MD, Ejdrup AL, Sørensen AT, Haahr NO, Jørgensen SH, Guthrie DA, Støier JF, Werner C, Newman AH, Sauer M, Herborg F, Gether U. Nanoscopic dopamine transporter distribution and conformation are inversely regulated by excitatory drive and D2 autoreceptor activity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111431. [PMID: 36170827 PMCID: PMC9617621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanoscopic organization and regulation of individual molecular components in presynaptic varicosities of neurons releasing modulatory volume neurotransmitters like dopamine (DA) remain largely elusive. Here we show, by application of several super-resolution microscopy techniques to cultured neurons and mouse striatal slices, that the DA transporter (DAT), a key protein in varicosities of dopaminergic neurons, exists in the membrane in dynamic equilibrium between an inward-facing nanodomain-localized and outward-facing unclustered configuration. The balance between these configurations is inversely regulated by excitatory drive and DA D2 autoreceptor activation in a manner dependent on Ca2+ influx via N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The DAT nanodomains contain tens of transporters molecules and overlap with nanodomains of PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) but show little overlap with D2 autoreceptor, syntaxin-1, and clathrin nanodomains. The data reveal a mechanism for rapid alterations of nanoscopic DAT distribution and show a striking link of this to the conformational state of the transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lycas
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aske L Ejdrup
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai O Haahr
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren H Jørgensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daryl A Guthrie
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonatan F Støier
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Werner
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Freja Herborg
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower 7.5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Burke S, Trudeau LE. Axonal Domain Structure as a Putative Identifier of Neuron-Specific Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress in Cultured Neurons. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0139-22.2022. [PMID: 36192156 PMCID: PMC9595591 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0139-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several populations of neurons are purported to degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). One current hypothesis suggests that vulnerable neurons in PD share common characteristics including projecting to voluminous territories and having extremely long and branched axonal domains with large numbers of neurotransmitter release sites. In this study, we used a mouse in vitro culture system to compare the axonal domain of neuronal populations suspected to be vulnerable in PD to that of neuronal populations considered at a lesser risk. In the first category, we included dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra, noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), serotonin neurons of the raphe nuclei (R), and cholinergic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In the second category, we included DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area, cholinergic neurons of the hypoglossal nucleus, and cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum. Validating their differential vulnerability, we find that, when compared with neurons presumed to be resilient in PD, a larger proportion of neurons presumed to be vulnerable in PD degenerate in response to cell stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. We also find that they are endowed with larger axonal domains, that are more complex, have more axonal varicosities with a higher proportion of varicosities that are positive for synaptotagmin 1 (Syt-1). Notwithstanding the obvious limitations related to the dissection of small brain nuclei and to the growth of these neurons in vitro, these findings support the hypothesis that axonal domain structure is a key characteristic of neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kosillo P, Ahmed KM, Aisenberg EE, Karalis V, Roberts BM, Cragg SJ, Bateup HS. Dopamine neuron morphology and output are differentially controlled by mTORC1 and mTORC2. eLife 2022; 11:e75398. [PMID: 35881440 PMCID: PMC9328766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR pathway is an essential regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Midbrain dopamine neurons are particularly sensitive to mTOR signaling status as activation or inhibition of mTOR alters their morphology and physiology. mTOR exists in two distinct multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. How each of these complexes affect dopamine neuron properties, and whether they have similar or distinct functions is unknown. Here, we investigated this in mice with dopamine neuron-specific deletion of Rptor or Rictor, which encode obligatory components of mTORC1 or mTORC2, respectively. We find that inhibition of mTORC1 strongly and broadly impacts dopamine neuron structure and function causing somatodendritic and axonal hypotrophy, increased intrinsic excitability, decreased dopamine production, and impaired dopamine release. In contrast, inhibition of mTORC2 has more subtle effects, with selective alterations to the output of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. Disruption of both mTOR complexes leads to pronounced deficits in dopamine release demonstrating the importance of balanced mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling for dopaminergic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kosillo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Kamran M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Erin E Aisenberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Vasiliki Karalis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Bradley M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alexandris AS, Wang Y, Frangakis CE, Lee Y, Ryu J, Alam Z, Koliatsos VE. Long-Term Changes in Axon Calibers after Injury: Observations on the Mouse Corticospinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7391. [PMID: 35806394 PMCID: PMC9266552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter pathology is common across a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. Characterizing this pathology is important for both a mechanistic understanding of neurological diseases as well as for the development of neuroimaging biomarkers. Although axonal calibers can vary by orders of magnitude, they are tightly regulated and related to neuronal function, and changes in axon calibers have been reported in several diseases and their models. In this study, we utilize the impact acceleration model of traumatic brain injury (IA-TBI) to assess early and late changes in the axon diameter distribution (ADD) of the mouse corticospinal tract using Airyscan and electron microscopy. We find that axon calibers follow a lognormal distribution whose parameters significantly change after injury. While IA-TBI leads to 30% loss of corticospinal axons by day 7 with a bias for larger axons, at 21 days after injury we find a significant redistribution of axon frequencies that is driven by a reduction in large-caliber axons in the absence of detectable degeneration. We postulate that changes in ADD features may reflect a functional adaptation of injured neural systems. Moreover, we find that ADD features offer an accurate way to discriminate between injured and non-injured mice. Exploring injury-related ADD signatures by histology or new emerging neuroimaging modalities may offer a more nuanced and comprehensive way to characterize white matter pathology and may also have the potential to generate novel biomarkers of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S. Alexandris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | | | - Youngrim Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zahra Alam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The role of NURR1 in metabolic abnormalities of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35761385 PMCID: PMC9235236 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A constant metabolism and energy supply are crucial to all organs, particularly the brain. Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with alterations in cellular metabolism. These changes have been recognized as a novel hot topic that may provide new insights to help identify risk in the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, understand disease pathogenesis, track disease progression, and determine critical endpoints. Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of PD, and changes in NURR1 expression can have a detrimental effect on cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that suggests a vital role of NURR1 in dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron development and the pathogenesis of PD. The association between NURR1 and cellular metabolic abnormalities and its implications for PD therapy have been further highlighted.
Collapse
|
26
|
Muddapu VRJ, Vijayakumar K, Ramakrishnan K, Chakravarthy VS. A Multi-Scale Computational Model of Levodopa-Induced Toxicity in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:797127. [PMID: 35516806 PMCID: PMC9063169 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.797127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The root cause of this cell loss in PD is still not decisively elucidated. A recent line of thinking has traced the cause of PD neurodegeneration to metabolic deficiency. Levodopa (L-DOPA), a precursor of dopamine, used as a symptom-relieving treatment for PD, leads to positive and negative outcomes. Several researchers inferred that L-DOPA might be harmful to SNc cells due to oxidative stress. The role of L-DOPA in the course of the PD pathogenesis is still debatable. We hypothesize that energy deficiency can lead to L-DOPA-induced toxicity in two ways: by promoting dopamine-induced oxidative stress and by exacerbating excitotoxicity in SNc. We present a systems-level computational model of SNc-striatum, which will help us understand the mechanism behind neurodegeneration postulated above and provide insights into developing disease-modifying therapeutics. It was observed that SNc terminals are more vulnerable to energy deficiency than SNc somas. During L-DOPA therapy, it was observed that higher L-DOPA dosage results in increased loss of terminals in SNc. It was also observed that co-administration of L-DOPA and glutathione (antioxidant) evades L-DOPA-induced toxicity in SNc neurons. Our proposed model of the SNc-striatum system is the first of its kind, where SNc neurons were modeled at a biophysical level, and striatal neurons were modeled at a spiking level. We show that our proposed model was able to capture L-DOPA-induced toxicity in SNc, caused by energy deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthik Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | | | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lebowitz JJ, Trinkle M, Bunzow JR, Balcita-Pedicino JJ, Hetelekides S, Robinson B, De La Torre S, Aicher SA, Sesack SR, Williams JT. Subcellular localization of D2 receptors in the murine substantia nigra. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:925-941. [PMID: 34854963 PMCID: PMC8930450 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled D2 autoreceptors expressed on dopamine neurons (D2Rs) inhibit transmitter release and cell firing at axonal endings and somatodendritic compartments. Mechanistic details of somatodendritic dopamine release remain unresolved, partly due to insufficient information on the subcellular distribution of D2Rs. Previous studies localizing D2Rs have been hindered by a dearth of antibodies validated for specificity in D2R knockout animals and have been limited by the small sampling areas imaged by electron microscopy. This study utilized sub-diffraction fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to examine D2 receptors in a superecliptic pHlourin GFP (SEP) epitope-tagged D2 receptor knockin mouse. Incubating live slices with an anti-SEP antibody achieved the selective labeling of plasma membrane-associated receptors for immunofluorescent imaging over a large area of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). SEP-D2Rs appeared as puncta-like structures along the surface of dendrites and soma of dopamine neurons visualized by antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-associated SEP-D2Rs displayed a cell surface density of 0.66 puncta/µm2, which corresponds to an average frequency of 1 punctum every 1.50 µm. Separate ultrastructural experiments using silver-enhanced immunogold revealed that membrane-bound particles represented 28% of total D2Rs in putative dopamine cells within the SNc. Structures immediately adjacent to dendritic membrane gold particles were unmyelinated axons or axon varicosities (40%), astrocytes (19%), other dendrites (7%), or profiles unidentified (34%) in single sections. Some apposed profiles also expressed D2Rs. Fluorescent and ultrastructural analyses also provided the first visualization of membrane D2Rs at the axon initial segment, a compartment critical for action potential generation. The punctate appearance of anti-SEP staining indicates there is a population of D2Rs organized in discrete signaling sites along the plasma membrane, and for the first time, a quantitative estimate of spatial frequency is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mason Trinkle
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - James R Bunzow
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Savas Hetelekides
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Brooks Robinson
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Santiago De La Torre
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sue A Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Susan R Sesack
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ni A, Ernst C. Evidence That Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopaminergic Neurons Are Selectively Vulnerable to Oxidative Stress Because They Are Highly Metabolically Active. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:826193. [PMID: 35308118 PMCID: PMC8931026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.826193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 400–500 thousand dopaminergic cells within each side of the human substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) making them a minuscule portion of total brain mass. These tiny clusters of cells have an outsized impact on motor output and behavior as seen in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). SNpc dopaminergic neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress compared to other brain cell types, but the reasons for this are not precisely known. Here we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that this selective vulnerability is because SNpc neurons sustain high metabolic rates compared to other neurons. A higher baseline requirement for ATP production may lead to a selective vulnerability to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or genetic insults that impair Complex I of the electron transport chain. We suggest that the energy demands of the unique morphological and electrophysiological properties of SNpc neurons may be one reason these cells produce more ATP than other cells. We further provide evidence to support the hypothesis that transcription factors (TFs) required to drive induction, differentiation, and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neural progenitor cells which give rise to terminally differentiated SNpc neurons are uniquely involved in both developmental patterning and metabolism, a dual function unlike other TFs that program neurons in other brain regions. The use of these TFs during induction and differentiation may program ventral midbrain progenitor cells metabolically to higher ATP levels, allowing for the development of those specialized cell processes seen in terminally differentiated cells. This paper provides a cellular and developmental framework for understanding the selective vulnerability of SNpc dopaminergic cells to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nair SS, Muddapu VR, Chakravarthy VS. A Multiscale, Systems-Level, Neuropharmacological Model of Cortico-Basal Ganglia System for Arm Reaching Under Normal, Parkinsonian, and Levodopa Medication Conditions. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 15:756881. [PMID: 35046787 PMCID: PMC8762321 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.756881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the link between substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) cell loss and Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, we developed a multiscale computational model that can replicate the symptoms at the behavioural level by incorporating the key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathology. There is a modelling tradition that links dopamine to reward and uses reinforcement learning (RL) concepts to model the basal ganglia. In our model, we replace the abstract representations of reward with the realistic variable of extracellular DA released by a network of SNc cells and incorporate it in the RL-based behavioural model, which simulates the arm reaching task. Our results successfully replicated the impact of SNc cell loss and levodopa (L-DOPA) medication on reaching performance. It also shows the side effects of medication, such as wearing off and peak dosage dyskinesias. The model demonstrates how differential dopaminergic axonal degeneration in basal ganglia results in various cardinal symptoms of PD. It was able to predict the optimum L-DOPA medication dosage for varying degrees of cell loss. The proposed model has a potential clinical application where drug dosage can be optimised as per patient characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sathyanandan Nair
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Center for Complex Systems and Dynamics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Z, Zhai XR, Du ZS, Xu FF, Huang Y, Wang XQ, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Dopamine receptor D2 on CD4 + T cells is protective against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:110-121. [PMID: 34403737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Recently, neuroinflammation driven by CD4+ T cells has been involved in PD pathophysiology. Human and murine lymphocytes express all the five subtypes of dopamine receptors (DRs), DRD1 to DRD5. However, roles of DRs particularly DRD2 expressed on CD4+ T cells in PD remain elucidated. Global Drd1- or Drd2-knockout (Drd1-/- or Drd2-/-) mice or CD4+ T cell-specific Drd2-knockout (Drd2fl/fl/CD4Cre) mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce PD with the different mutants. On the 7th day following MPTP injection, mice were assessed for dopaminergic neurodegeneration, locomotor impairments, microglial activation, as well as CD4+ T-cell differentiation and function. Furthermore, in vitro CD4+ T cells were exposed to DRD2 agonist and antagonist and then differentiation and function of the cells were determined. MPTP induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system, motor coordinative and behavioral impairments, microglial activation, and CD4+ T-cell polarization to pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 phenotypes. Importantly, either Drd2-/- or Drd2fl/fl/CD4Cre mice manifested more severe dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor deficits, microglial activation, and CD4+ T-cell bias towards Th1 and Th17 phenotypes in response to MPTP, but Drd1-/- did not further alter MPTP intoxication. DRD2 agonist sumanirole inhibited shift of CD4+ T cells obtained from MPTP-intoxicated mice to Th1 and Th17 phenotypes and DRD2 antagonist L-741,626 reversed sumanirole effects. These findings suggest that DRD2 expressed on CD4+ T cells is protective against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. Thus, developing a therapeutic strategy of stimulating DRD2 may be promising for mitigation of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Run Zhai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fen-Fen Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tanguay W, Ducrot C, Giguère N, Bourque MJ, Trudeau LE. Neonatal 6-OHDA lesion of the SNc induces striatal compensatory sprouting from surviving SNc dopaminergic neurons without VTA contribution. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6618-6632. [PMID: 34470083 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are uniquely vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesize that their large axonal arbor is a key factor underlying their vulnerability, due to increased bioenergetic, proteostatic and oxidative stress. In keeping with this model, other DAergic populations with smaller axonal arbors are mostly spared during the course of PD and are more resistant to experimental lesions in animal models. Aiming to improve mouse PD models, we examined if neonatal partial SNc lesions could lead to adult mice with fewer SNc DA neurons that are endowed with larger axonal arbors because of compensatory mechanisms. We injected 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilaterally in the SNc at an early postnatal stage at a dose selected to induce loss of approximately 50% of SNc DA neurons. We find that at 10 and 90 days after the lesion, the axons of SNc DA neurons show massive compensatory sprouting, as revealed by the proportionally smaller decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum compared with the loss of SNc DA neuron cell bodies. The extent and origin of this axonal sprouting was further investigated by AAV-mediated expression of eYFP in SNc or ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of adult mice. Our results reveal that SNc DA neurons have the capacity to substantially increase their axonal arbor size and suggest that mice designed to have reduced numbers of SNc DA neurons could potentially be used to develop better mouse models of PD, with elevated neuronal vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Tanguay
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dagra A, Miller DR, Lin M, Gopinath A, Shaerzadeh F, Harris S, Sorrentino ZA, Støier JF, Velasco S, Azar J, Alonge AR, Lebowitz JJ, Ulm B, Bu M, Hansen CA, Urs N, Giasson BI, Khoshbouei H. α-Synuclein-induced dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to murine dopamine neuron vulnerability. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34408150 PMCID: PMC8373893 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological damages and loss of function of dopamine neurons precede their demise and contribute to the early phases of Parkinson's disease. The presence of aberrant intracellular pathological inclusions of the protein α-synuclein within ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons is one of the cardinal features of Parkinson's disease. We employed molecular biology, electrophysiology, and live-cell imaging to investigate how excessive α-synuclein expression alters multiple characteristics of dopaminergic neuronal dynamics and dopamine transmission in cultured dopamine neurons conditionally expressing GCaMP6f. We found that overexpression of α-synuclein in mouse (male and female) dopaminergic neurons altered neuronal firing properties, calcium dynamics, dopamine release, protein expression, and morphology. Moreover, prolonged exposure to the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, rescues many of the alterations induced by α-synuclein overexpression. These studies demonstrate that α-synuclein dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and that modulation of D2 receptor activity can ameliorate the pathophysiology. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the insidious changes in dopaminergic neuronal activity and neuronal loss that characterize Parkinson's disease progression with significant therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Dagra
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Douglas R. Miller
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Min Lin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Zachary A. Sorrentino
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jonatan Fullerton Støier
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XMolecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Velasco
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Janelle Azar
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adetola R. Alonge
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Joseph J. Lebowitz
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Brittany Ulm
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mengfei Bu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Carissa A. Hansen
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ducrot C, Bourque MJ, Delmas CVL, Racine AS, Guadarrama Bello D, Delignat-Lavaud B, Domenic Lycas M, Fallon A, Michaud-Tardif C, Burke Nanni S, Herborg F, Gether U, Nanci A, Takahashi H, Parent M, Trudeau LE. Dopaminergic neurons establish a distinctive axonal arbor with a majority of non-synaptic terminals. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21791. [PMID: 34320240 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100201rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission typically occurs through synapses. Previous ultrastructural examinations of monoamine neuron axon terminals often failed to identify a pre- and postsynaptic coupling, leading to the concept of "volume" transmission. Whether this results from intrinsic properties of these neurons remains undefined. We find that dopaminergic neurons in vitro establish a distinctive axonal arbor compared to glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in both size and propensity of terminals to avoid direct contact with target neurons. While most dopaminergic varicosities are active and contain exocytosis proteins like synaptotagmin 1, only ~20% of these are synaptic. The active zone protein bassoon was found to be enriched in dopaminergic terminals that are in proximity to a target cell. Finally, we found that the proteins neurexin-1αSS4- and neuroligin-1A+B play a critical role in the formation of synapses by dopamine (DA) neurons. Our findings suggest that DA neurons are endowed with a distinctive developmental connectivity program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Constantin V L Delmas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Racine
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dainelys Guadarrama Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Domenic Lycas
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fallon
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Michaud-Tardif
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Burke Nanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:62. [PMID: 34285243 PMCID: PMC8292430 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most, if not all, peripheral immune cells in humans and animals express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Since TH is typically studied in the context of brain catecholamine signaling, little is known about changes in TH production and function in peripheral immune cells. This knowledge gap is due, in part, to the lack of an adequately sensitive assay to measure TH in immune cells expressing lower TH levels compared to other TH expressing cells. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive and reproducible Bio-ELISA to quantify picogram levels of TH in multiple model systems. We have applied this assay to monocytes isolated from blood of persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to age-matched, healthy controls. Our study unexpectedly revealed that PD patients' monocytes express significantly higher levels of TH protein in peripheral monocytes relative to healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has also been shown to be increased in the brains and peripheral circulation in human PD, as well as in animal models of PD. Therefore, we investigated a possible connection between higher levels of TH protein and the known increase in circulating TNFα in PD. Monocytes isolated from healthy donors were treated with TNFα or with TNFα in the presence of an inhibitor. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) was used as a positive control. We observed that TNFα stimulation increased both the number of TH+ monocytes and the quantity of TH per monocyte, without increasing the total numbers of monocytes. These results revealed that TNFα could potentially modify monocytic TH production and serve a regulatory role in peripheral immune function. The development and application of a highly sensitive assay to quantify TH in both human and animal cells will provide a novel tool for further investigating possible PD immune regulatory pathways between brain and periphery.
Collapse
|
35
|
Miller DR, Guenther DT, Maurer AP, Hansen CA, Zalesky A, Khoshbouei H. Dopamine Transporter Is a Master Regulator of Dopaminergic Neural Network Connectivity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5453-5470. [PMID: 33980544 PMCID: PMC8221606 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0223-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit spontaneous firing activity. The dopaminergic neurons in these regions have been shown to exhibit differential sensitivity to neuronal loss and psychostimulants targeting dopamine transporter. However, it remains unclear whether these regional differences scale beyond individual neuronal activity to regional neuronal networks. Here, we used live-cell calcium imaging to show that network connectivity greatly differs between SNC and VTA regions with higher incidence of hub-like neurons in the VTA. Specifically, the frequency of hub-like neurons was significantly lower in SNC than in the adjacent VTA, consistent with the interpretation of a lower network resilience to SNC neuronal loss. We tested this hypothesis, in DAT-cre/loxP-GCaMP6f mice of either sex, when activity of an individual dopaminergic neuron is suppressed, through whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, in either SNC or VTA networks. Neuronal loss in the SNC increased network clustering, whereas the larger number of hub-neurons in the VTA overcompensated by decreasing network clustering in the VTA. We further show that network properties are regulatable via a dopamine transporter but not a D2 receptor dependent mechanism. Our results demonstrate novel regulatory mechanisms of functional network topology in dopaminergic brain regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we begin to untangle the differences in complex network properties between the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and VTA, that may underlie differential sensitivity between regions. The methods and analysis employed provide a springboard for investigations of network topology in multiple deep brain structures and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dylan T Guenther
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carissa A Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lin M, Mackie PM, Shaerzadeh F, Gamble-George J, Miller DR, Martyniuk CJ, Khoshbouei H. In Parkinson's patient-derived dopamine neurons, the triplication of α-synuclein locus induces distinctive firing pattern by impeding D2 receptor autoinhibition. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:107. [PMID: 34099060 PMCID: PMC8185945 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological changes in dopamine neurons precede their demise and contribute to the early phases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intracellular pathological inclusions of the protein α-synuclein within dopaminergic neurons are a cardinal feature of PD, but the mechanisms by which α-synuclein contributes to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability remain unknown. The inaccessibility to diseased tissue has been a limitation in studying progression of pathophysiology prior to degeneration of dopamine neurons. To address these issues, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD patient carrying the α-synuclein triplication mutation (AST) and an unaffected first-degree relative (NAS) into dopaminergic neurons. In human-like dopamine neurons α-synuclein overexpression reduced the functional availability of D2 receptors, resulting in a stark dysregulation in firing activity, dopamine release, and neuronal morphology. We back-translated these findings into primary mouse neurons overexpressing α-synuclein and found a similar phenotype, supporting the causal role for α-synuclein. Importantly, application of D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, restored the altered firing activity of AST-derived dopaminergic neurons to normal levels. These results provide novel insights into the pre-degenerative pathophysiological neuro-phenotype induced by α-synuclein overexpression and introduce a potential mechanism for the long-established clinical efficacy of D2 receptor agonists in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Phillip M Mackie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Fatima Shaerzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chris J Martyniuk
- Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. The Nigral Coup in Parkinson's Disease by α-Synuclein and Its Associated Rebels. Cells 2021; 10:598. [PMID: 33803185 PMCID: PMC8000327 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of Parkinson's disease increases with age. However, the etiology of the illness remains obscure. It appears highly likely that the neurodegenerative processes involve an array of elements that influence each other. In addition, genetic, endogenous, or exogenous toxins need to be considered as viable partners to the cellular degeneration. There is compelling evidence that indicate the key involvement of modified α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) at the very core of the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein may be a consequence of some genetic defect or/and a failure of the protein clearance system. Importantly, α-synuclein pathology appears to be a common denominator for many cellular deleterious events such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine synaptic dysregulation, iron dyshomeostasis, and neuroinflammation. These factors probably employ a common apoptotic/or autophagic route in the final stages to execute cell death. The misfolded α-synuclein inclusions skillfully trigger or navigate these processes and thus amplify the dopamine neuron fatalities. Although the process of neuroinflammation may represent a secondary event, nevertheless, it executes a fundamental role in neurodegeneration. Some viral infections produce parkinsonism and exhibit similar characteristic neuropathological changes such as a modest brain dopamine deficit and α-synuclein pathology. Thus, viral infections may heighten the risk of developing PD. Alternatively, α-synuclein pathology may induce a dysfunctional immune system. Thus, sporadic Parkinson's disease is caused by multifactorial trigger factors and metabolic disturbances, which need to be considered for the development of potential drugs in the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeswinder Sian-Hulsmann
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
- Department Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang B, Huang M, Shang D, Yan X, Zhao B, Zhang X. Mitochondrial Behavior in Axon Degeneration and Regeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650038. [PMID: 33762926 PMCID: PMC7982458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for bioenergetic metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and signal transmission essential for neurons due to their high energy consumption. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria play a key role in axon degeneration and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs at an early stage of axon degeneration and involves oxidative stress, energy deficiency, imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, defects in mitochondrial transport, and mitophagy dysregulation. The restoration of these defective mitochondria by enhancing mitochondrial transport, clearance of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and improving bioenergetic can greatly contribute to axon regeneration. In this paper, we focus on the biological behavior of axonal mitochondria in aging, injury (e.g., traumatic brain and spinal cord injury), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, AD; Parkinson's disease, PD; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) and consider the role of mitochondria in axon regeneration. We also compare the behavior of mitochondria in different diseases and outline novel therapeutic strategies for addressing abnormal mitochondrial biological behavior to promote axonal regeneration in neurological diseases and injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gcwensa NZ, Russell DL, Cowell RM, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic and Axon Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:626128. [PMID: 33737866 PMCID: PMC7960781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.626128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs movement as well as causing multiple other symptoms such as autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia, and cognitive changes. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and loss of dopamine terminals in the striatum contribute to characteristic motor features. Although therapies ease the symptoms of PD, there are no treatments to slow its progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic impairments and axonal degeneration precede neuronal cell body loss. Early synaptic changes may be a target to prevent disease onset and slow progression. Imaging of PD patients with radioligands, post-mortem pathologic studies in sporadic PD patients, and animal models of PD demonstrate abnormalities in presynaptic terminals as well as postsynaptic dendritic spines. Dopaminergic and excitatory synapses are substantially reduced in PD, and whether other neuronal subtypes show synaptic defects remains relatively unexplored. Genetic studies implicate several genes that play a role at the synapse, providing additional support for synaptic dysfunction in PD. In this review article we: (1) provide evidence for synaptic defects occurring in PD before neuron death; (2) describe the main genes implicated in PD that could contribute to synapse dysfunction; and (3) show correlations between the expression of Snca mRNA and mouse homologs of PD GWAS genes demonstrating selective enrichment of Snca and synaptic genes in dopaminergic, excitatory and cholinergic neurons. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for novel therapeutics targeting the synapse and suggest that future studies should explore the roles for PD-implicated genes across multiple neuron types and circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolwazi Z Gcwensa
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Drèson L Russell
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mannal N, Kleiner K, Fauler M, Dougalis A, Poetschke C, Liss B. Multi-Electrode Array Analysis Identifies Complex Dopamine Responses and Glucose Sensing Properties of Substantia Nigra Neurons in Mouse Brain Slices. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:635050. [PMID: 33716704 PMCID: PMC7952765 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.635050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) midbrain neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) display an autonomous pacemaker activity that is crucial for dopamine release and voluntary movement control. Their progressive degeneration is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Their metabolically demanding activity-mode affects Ca2+ homeostasis, elevates metabolic stress, and renders SN DA neurons particularly vulnerable to degenerative stressors. Accordingly, their activity is regulated by complex mechanisms, notably by dopamine itself, via inhibitory D2-autoreceptors and the neuroprotective neuronal Ca2+ sensor NCS-1. Analyzing regulation of SN DA neuron activity-pattern is complicated by their high vulnerability. We studied this activity and its control by dopamine, NCS-1, and glucose with extracellular multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings from midbrain slices of juvenile and adult mice. Our tailored MEA- and spike sorting-protocols allowed high throughput and long recording times. According to individual dopamine-responses, we identified two distinct SN cell-types, in similar frequency: dopamine-inhibited and dopamine-excited neurons. Dopamine-excited neurons were either silent in the absence of dopamine, or they displayed pacemaker-activities, similar to that of dopamine-inhibited neurons. Inhibition of pacemaker-activity by dopamine is typical for SN DA neurons, and it can undergo prominent desensitization. We show for adult mice, that the number of SN DA neurons with desensitized dopamine-inhibition was increased (~60–100%) by a knockout of NCS-1, or by prevention of NCS-1 binding to D2-autoreceptors, while time-course and degrees of desensitization were not altered. The number of neurons with desensitized D2-responses was also higher (~65%) at high glucose-levels (25 mM), compared to lower glucose (2.5 mM), while again desensitization-kinetics were unaltered. However, spontaneous firing-rates were significantly higher at high glucose-levels (~20%). Moreover, transient glucose-deprivation (1 mM) induced a fast and fully-reversible pacemaker frequency reduction. To directly address and quantify glucose-sensing properties of SN DA neurons, we continuously monitored their electrical activity, while altering extracellular glucose concentrations stepwise from 0.5 mM up to 25 mM. SN DA neurons were excited by glucose, with EC50 values ranging from 0.35 to 2.3 mM. In conclusion, we identified a novel, common subtype of dopamine-excited SN neurons, and a complex, joint regulation of dopamine-inhibited neurons by dopamine and glucose, within the range of physiological brain glucose-levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mannal
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Linacre and New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kouwenhoven WM, Fortin G, Penttinen AM, Florence C, Delignat-Lavaud B, Bourque MJ, Trimbuch T, Luppi MP, Salvail-Lacoste A, Legault P, Poulin JF, Rosenmund C, Awatramani R, Trudeau LÉ. VGluT2 Expression in Dopamine Neurons Contributes to Postlesional Striatal Reinnervation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8262-8275. [PMID: 32928885 PMCID: PMC7577590 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0823-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of adult ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) neurons expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and releases glutamate as a second neurotransmitter in the striatum, while only few adult substantia nigra DA neurons have this capacity. Recent work showed that cellular stress created by neurotoxins such as MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine can upregulate VGluT2 in surviving DA neurons, suggesting the possibility of a role in cell survival, although a high level of overexpression could be toxic to DA neurons. Here we examined the level of VGluT2 upregulation in response to neurotoxins and its impact on postlesional plasticity. We first took advantage of an in vitro neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease and found that this caused an average 2.5-fold enhancement of Vglut2 mRNA in DA neurons. This could represent a reactivation of a developmental phenotype because using an intersectional genetic lineage-mapping approach, we find that >98% of DA neurons have a VGluT2+ lineage. Expression of VGluT2 was detectable in most DA neurons at embryonic day 11.5 and was localized in developing axons. Finally, compatible with the possibility that enhanced VGluT2 expression in DA neurons promotes axonal outgrowth and reinnervation in the postlesional brain, we observed that DA neurons in female and male mice in which VGluT2 was conditionally removed established fewer striatal connections 7 weeks after a neurotoxin lesion. Thus, we propose here that the developmental expression of VGluT2 in DA neurons can be reactivated at postnatal stages, contributing to postlesional plasticity of dopaminergic axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A small subset of dopamine neurons in the adult, healthy brain expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and thus releases glutamate as a second neurotransmitter in the striatum. This neurochemical phenotype appears to be plastic as exposure to neurotoxins, such as 6-OHDA or MPTP, that model certain aspects of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, boosts VGluT2 expression in surviving dopamine neurons. Here we show that this enhanced VGluT2 expression in dopamine neurons drives axonal outgrowth and contributes to dopamine neuron axonal plasticity in the postlesional brain. A better understanding of the neurochemical changes that occur during the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology will aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willemieke M Kouwenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anna-Maija Penttinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Clélia Florence
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thorsten Trimbuch
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milagros Pereira Luppi
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alix Salvail-Lacoste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pascale Legault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Poulin
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raj Awatramani
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hughes GL, Lones MA, Bedder M, Currie PD, Smith SL, Pownall ME. Machine learning discriminates a movement disorder in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045815. [PMID: 32859696 PMCID: PMC7578351 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human disease provide an in vivo system that can reveal molecular mechanisms by which mutations cause pathology, and, moreover, have the potential to provide a valuable tool for drug development. Here, we have developed a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease (PD) together with a novel method to screen for movement disorders in adult fish, pioneering a more efficient drug-testing route. Mutation of the PARK7 gene (which encodes DJ-1) is known to cause monogenic autosomal recessive PD in humans, and, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated a Dj-1 loss-of-function zebrafish with molecular hallmarks of PD. To establish whether there is a human-relevant parkinsonian phenotype in our model, we adapted proven tools used to diagnose PD in clinics and developed a novel and unbiased computational method to classify movement disorders in adult zebrafish. Using high-resolution video capture and machine learning, we extracted novel features of movement from continuous data streams and used an evolutionary algorithm to classify parkinsonian fish. This method will be widely applicable for assessing zebrafish models of human motor diseases and provide a valuable asset for the therapeutics pipeline. In addition, interrogation of RNA-seq data indicate metabolic reprogramming of brains in the absence of Dj-1, adding to growing evidence that disruption of bioenergetics is a key feature of neurodegeneration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon L Hughes
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael A Lones
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Matthew Bedder
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen L Smith
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mary Elizabeth Pownall
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Calcium, Bioenergetics, and Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092045. [PMID: 32911641 PMCID: PMC7564460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for the core motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous pacemakers that have large cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that have been linked to basal mitochondrial oxidant stress and turnover. This review explores the origin of Ca2+ oscillations and their role in the control of mitochondrial respiration, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidant stress.
Collapse
|
44
|
Söderbom G. Status and future directions of clinical trials in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:153-188. [PMID: 32739003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel therapies are needed to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) in which the clinical unmet need is pressing. Currently, no clinically available therapeutic strategy can either retard or reverse PD or repair its pathological consequences. l-DOPA (levodopa) is still the gold standard therapy for motor symptoms yet symptomatic therapies for both motor and non-motor symptoms are improving. Many on-going, intervention trials cover a broad range of targets, including cell replacement and gene therapy approaches, quality of life improving technologies, and disease-modifying strategies (e.g., controlling aberrant α-synuclein accumulation and regulating cellular/neuronal bioenergetics). Notably, the repurposing of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues with potential disease-modifying effects based on metabolic pathology associated with PD has been promising. Nevertheless, there is a clear need for improved therapeutic and diagnostic options, disease progression tracking and patient stratification capabilities to deliver personalized treatment and optimize trial design. This review discusses some of the risk factors and consequent pathology associated with PD and particularly the metabolic aspects of PD, novel therapies targeting these pathologies (e.g., mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation/neuroinflammation), including the repurposing of metabolic therapies, and unmet needs as potential drivers for future clinical trials and research in PD.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhaskar S, Gowda J, Prasanna J, Kumar A. Does altering proteasomal activity and trafficking reduce the arborization mediated specific vulnerability of SNpc dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease? Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110062. [PMID: 32652429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a late-onset degenerative neuronal disorder and stands second among the neurological disorders with 1% of the total world population being affected. The disease originates majorly due to compromised function of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but not the ventral tegmental area (VTA) region of the midbrain. The differential susceptibility for degeneration is majorly attributed to morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological heterogeneity existing in DA neurons of SNpc and VTA. Long-range axonal arborization and a higher number of synapses in SNpc DA neurons make it more vulnerable compared to VTA DA neurons. Studies have shown that a decrease in such axonal arborization places DA neurons at decreased risk in PD. The two well established underlying mechanisms are a) As arborization is an energy-demanding process, increased redistribution of mitochondria to the axonal terminals occurs to satisfy the bioenergetic requirement b) The stabilization of axon-promoting factors at the axonal tip is an essential component for enhancing the arborization process. Interfering with any of these two processes would probably alleviate the degeneration of SNpc DA neurons. To accomplish the decreased stability of arborizing factors and thereby increase the resilience of SNpc DA neurons, we hypothesize the activation of anterograde transport-dependent recruitment of proteasomes to axon terminals as one of the most favorable approaches. Understanding this putative avenue of enhancing proteasomal activity and migration to the axonal tip could provide insight into the progression of neurodegeneration in PD and possibly offer a novel therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Bhaskar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Allalsandra, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevan Gowda
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Allalsandra, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Prasanna
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Allalsandra, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Allalsandra, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brignani S, Raj DDA, Schmidt ERE, Düdükcü Ö, Adolfs Y, De Ruiter AA, Rybiczka-Tesulov M, Verhagen MG, van der Meer C, Broekhoven MH, Moreno-Bravo JA, Grossouw LM, Dumontier E, Cloutier JF, Chédotal A, Pasterkamp RJ. Remotely Produced and Axon-Derived Netrin-1 Instructs GABAergic Neuron Migration and Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra Development. Neuron 2020; 107:684-702.e9. [PMID: 32562661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviors and show select disease vulnerability, including in Parkinson's disease. Despite progress in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, how these neuronal subsets develop and organize into functional brain structures remains poorly understood. Here we generate and use an intersectional genetic platform, Pitx3-ITC, to dissect the mechanisms of substantia nigra (SN) development and implicate the guidance molecule Netrin-1 in the migration and positioning of mDA neuron subtypes in the SN. Unexpectedly, we show that Netrin-1, produced in the forebrain and provided to the midbrain through axon projections, instructs the migration of GABAergic neurons into the ventral SN. This migration is required to confine mDA neurons to the dorsal SN. These data demonstrate that neuron migration can be controlled by remotely produced and axon-derived secreted guidance cues, a principle that is likely to apply more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Divya D A Raj
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ewoud R E Schmidt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Özge Düdükcü
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna A De Ruiter
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mateja Rybiczka-Tesulov
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke G Verhagen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan van der Meer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan A Moreno-Bravo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laurens M Grossouw
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Alain Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nolan SO, Zachry JE, Johnson AR, Brady LJ, Siciliano CA, Calipari ES. Direct dopamine terminal regulation by local striatal microcircuitry. J Neurochem 2020; 155:475-493. [PMID: 32356315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of axonal dopamine release by local microcircuitry is at the hub of several biological processes that govern the timing and magnitude of signaling events in reward-related brain regions. An important characteristic of dopamine release from axon terminals in the striatum is that it is rapidly modulated by local regulatory mechanisms. These processes can occur via homosynaptic mechanisms-such as presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors and dopamine transporters - as well heterosynaptic mechanisms such as retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cholinergic and dynorphin systems, among others. Additionally, modulation of dopamine release via diffusible messengers, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, allows for various metabolic factors to quickly and efficiently regulate dopamine release and subsequent signaling. Here we review how these mechanisms work in concert to influence the timing and magnitude of striatal dopamine signaling, independent of action potential activity at the level of dopaminergic cell bodies in the midbrain, thereby providing a parallel pathway by which dopamine can be modulated. Understanding the complexities of local regulation of dopamine signaling is required for building comprehensive frameworks of how activity throughout the dopamine system is integrated to drive signaling and control behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer E Zachry
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grigoruţă M, Martínez-Martínez A, Dagda RY, Dagda RK. Psychological Stress Phenocopies Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Motor Deficits as Observed in a Parkinsonian Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1781-1798. [PMID: 31836946 PMCID: PMC7125028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a public health issue as it contributes to the development of human diseases including neuropathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by multiple factors including aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or stressors. In PD, a substantial loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons leads to rigid tremors, bradykinesia, and chronic fatigue. Several studies have reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered in PD patients, leading to an increase level of cortisol which contributes to neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that chronic psychological distress induces PD-like symptoms and promotes neurodegeneration in wild-type (WT) rats and exacerbates PD pathology in PINK1 knockout (KO) rats, a well-validated animal model of PD. We measured the bioenergetics profile (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) in the brain by employing an XF24e Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer in young rats subjected to predator-induced psychological distress. In addition, we analyzed anxiety-like behavior, motor function, expression of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial content, and neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Overall, we observed that psychological distress diminished up to 50% of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) derived from both WT and PINK1-KO rats. Mechanistically, the level of antioxidant proteins, mitochondrial content, and BDNF was significantly altered. Finally, psychological distress robustly induced anxiety and Parkinsonian symptoms in WT rats and accelerated certain symptoms of PD in PINK1-KO rats. For the first time, our collective data suggest that psychological distress can phenocopy several aspects of PD neuropathology, disrupt brain energy production, as well as induce ataxia-like behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
| | - Raul Y Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Muddapu VR, Dharshini SAP, Chakravarthy VS, Gromiha MM. Neurodegenerative Diseases - Is Metabolic Deficiency the Root Cause? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32296300 PMCID: PMC7137637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure. They are characterized by an inexorable loss of a specific type of neurons. The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters (typically a subcortical cluster) in the early stages, followed by the spread of the disease to higher cortical areas, is a typical pattern of disease progression. Neurodegenerative diseases share a range of molecular and cellular pathologies, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, calcium load, proteolytic stress, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aging, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by the fact that they tend to address any one of the above pathological changes while ignoring others. Lack of clarity regarding a possible root cause that underlies all the above pathologies poses a significant challenge. In search of an integrative theory for neurodegenerative pathology, we hypothesize that metabolic deficiency in certain vulnerable neuronal clusters is the common underlying thread that links many dimensions of the disease. The current review aims to present an outline of such an integrative theory. We present a new perspective of neurodegenerative diseases as metabolic disorders at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This helps to understand a common underlying mechanism of the many facets of the disease and may lead to more promising disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. Here, we briefly discuss the selective metabolic vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters and also the involvement of glia and vascular dysfunctions. Any failure in satisfaction of the metabolic demand by the neurons triggers a chain of events that precipitate various manifestations of neurodegenerative pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:61-89. [PMID: 32247375 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, disabling millions worldwide. Despite the imperative PD poses, at present, there is no cure or means of slowing progression. This gap is attributable to our incomplete understanding of the factors driving pathogenesis. Research over the past several decades suggests that both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes contribute to the neuronal dysfunction underlying PD symptoms. The thesis of this review is that an intersection of these processes governs the pattern of pathology in PD. Studies of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, whose loss is responsible for the core motor symptoms of PD, suggest that they have a combination of traits-a long, highly branched axon, autonomous activity, and elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress-that predispose them to non-cell autonomous drivers of pathogenesis, like misfolded forms of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and inflammation. The literature surrounding these issues will be briefly summarized, and the translational implications of an intersectional hypothesis of PD pathogenesis discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|