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Carreca AP, Tinnirello R, Miceli V, Galvano A, Gristina V, Incorvaia L, Pampalone M, Taverna S, Iannolo G. Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Implementation in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1967. [PMID: 38893088 PMCID: PMC11171234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with around 1.8 million deaths in 2020. For this reason, there is an enormous interest in finding early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic approaches, one of which is extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanoscale membranous particles that can carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), mediating various biological processes, especially in cell-cell communication. As such, they represent an interesting biomarker for diagnostic analysis that can be performed easily by liquid biopsy. Moreover, their growing dataset shows promising results as drug delivery cargo. The aim of our work is to summarize the recent advances in and possible implications of EVs for early diagnosis and innovative therapies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosaria Tinnirello
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
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2
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Yang F, Yu X, Chu Y, Zhou J, Yan Y, Xi J. MiR-4465-modified mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles inhibit liver fibrosis development via targeting LOXL2 expression. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38772738 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a significant health burden, marked by the consistent deposition of collagen. Unfortunately, the currently available treatment approaches for this condition are far from optimal. Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a crucial player in the cross-linking of matrix collagen and is a significant target for treating liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been proposed as a potential treatment option for chronic liver disorders. Previous studies have found that MSC-sEV can be used for microRNA delivery into target cells or tissues. It is currently unclear whether microRNA-4465 (miR-4465) can target LOXL2 and inhibit HSC activation. Additionally, it is uncertain whether MSC-sEV can be utilized as a gene therapy vector to carry miR-4465 and effectively inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. This study explored the effect of miR-4465-modified MSC-sEV (MSC-sEVmiR-4465) on LOXL2 expression and liver fibrosis development. The results showed that miR-4465 can bind specifically to the promoter of the LOXL2 gene in HSC. Moreover, MSC-sEVmiR-4465 inhibited HSC activation and collagen expression by downregulating LOXL2 expression in vitro. MSC-sEVmiR-4465 injection could reduce HSC activation and collagen deposition in the CCl4-induced mouse model. MSC-sEVmiR-4465 mediating via LOXL2 also hindered the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, we found that MSC-sEV can deliver miR-4465 into HSC to alleviate liver fibrosis via altering LOXL2, which might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China. ,
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China. ,
| | - Jianbo Xi
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China.
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3
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Louro AF, Meliciano A, Alves PM, Costa MHG, Serra M. A roadmap towards manufacturing extracellular vesicles for cardiac repair. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00091-X. [PMID: 38653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades researchers have linked extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mechanisms to various physiological and pathological processes in the heart, such as immune response regulation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the survival and growth of cardiomyocytes. Although use of EVs has gathered momentum in the cardiac field, several obstacles in both upstream and downstream processes during EV manufacture need to be addressed before clinical success can be achieved. Low EV yields obtained in small-scale cultures deter clinical translation, as mass production is a prerequisite to meet therapeutic doses. Moreover, standardizing EV manufacture is critical given the inherent heterogeneity of EVs and the constraints of current isolation techniques. In this review, we discuss the critical steps for the large-scale manufacturing of high-potency EVs for cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Louro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Meliciano
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta H G Costa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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4
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Rizzuto AS, Gelpi G, Mangini A, Carugo S, Ruscica M, Macchi C. Exploring the role of epicardial adipose-tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. iScience 2024; 27:109359. [PMID: 38510143 PMCID: PMC10951984 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat depot located between the myocardium and the visceral layer of the epicardium, which, owing to its location, can influence surrounding tissues and can act as a local transducer of systemic inflammation. The mechanisms upon which such influence depends on are however unclear. Given the role EAT undoubtedly has in the scheme of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), understanding the impact of its cellular components is of upmost importance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute promising candidates to fill the gap in the knowledge concerning the unexplored mechanisms through which EAT promotes onset and progression of CVDs. Owing to their ability of transporting active biomolecules, EAT-derived EVs have been reported to be actively involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, coronary atherosclerosis, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Exploring the precise functions EVs exert in this context may aid in connecting the dots between EAT and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Gelpi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mangini
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Dellar ER, Hill C, Carter DRF, Baena‐Lopez LA. Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e150. [PMID: 38938847 PMCID: PMC11080704 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to play dual roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning both to remove unwanted intracellular molecules, and to enable communication between cells as a means of modulating cellular responses in different physiological and pathological scenarios. EVs contain a broad range of cargoes, including multiple biotypes of RNA, which can vary depending on the cell status, and may function as signalling molecules. In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila EVs and cells, demonstrating that the RNA profile of EVs is distinct from cells and shows dose-dependent changes in response to oxidative stress. We identified a high abundance of snoRNAs in EVs, alongside an enrichment of intronic and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs under stress. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of either aberrant or modified mRNAs under stress. These findings suggest that EVs may function both for the elimination of specific cellular RNAs, and for the incorporation of RNAs that may hold signalling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David R. F. Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Evox Therapeutics LimitedOxford Science ParkOxfordUK
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6
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Li Z, Hou D, Tang Z, Xiong L, Yan Y. The potential role of stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:237-252. [PMID: 38100269 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shown a great progress in the regenerative medicine. EVs are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, which are important carriers of signal transmission and interactions between cells, and they play an important role in the processes of tissue repair and regeneration. Several studies have shown that stem cells-derived EVs regulate immunity, promote cell proliferation and differentiation, enhance bone and vascular regeneration, and play an increasingly important role in musculoskeletal system. This review aimed to describe the biological characteristics of stem cells-derived EVs and discuss their potential role in the therapy of musculoskeletal system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Demiao Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zijin Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lishun Xiong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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7
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Ko SY, Lee W, Naora H. Harnessing microRNA-enriched extracellular vesicles for liquid biopsy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1356780. [PMID: 38449696 PMCID: PMC10916008 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1356780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) can be detected in body fluids and hold great potential as cancer biomarkers. Extracellular miRNAs are protected from degradation by binding various proteins and through their packaging into extracellular vesicles (EVs). There is evidence that the diagnostic performance of cancer-associated extracellular miRNAs can be improved by assaying EV-miRNA instead of total cell-free miRNA, but several challenges have hampered the advancement of EV-miRNA in liquid biopsy. Because almost all types of cells release EVs, cancer cell-derived EVs might constitute only a minor fraction of EVs in body fluids of cancer patients with low volume disease. Furthermore, a given cell type can release several subpopulations of EVs that vary in their cargo, and there is evidence that the majority of EVs contain low copy numbers of miRNAs. In this mini-review, we discuss the potential of several candidate EV membrane proteins such as CD147 to define cancer cell-derived EVs, and approaches by which subpopulations of miRNA-rich EVs in body fluids might be identified. By integrating these insights, we discuss strategies by which EVs that are both cancer cell-derived and miRNA-rich could be isolated to enhance the diagnostic performance of extracellular miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Park DJ, Choi W, Sayeed S, Dorschner RA, Rainaldi J, Ho K, Kezios J, Nolan JP, Mali P, Costantini T, Eliceiri BP. Defining the activity of pro-reparative extracellular vesicles in wound healing based on miRNA payloads and cell type-specific lineage mapping. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00088-1. [PMID: 38379282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells and deliver biologically active payloads to coordinate the response of multiple cell types in cutaneous wound healing. Here we used a cutaneous injury model as a donor of pro-reparative EVs to treat recipient diabetic obese mice, a model of impaired wound healing. We established a functional screen for microRNAs (miRNAs) that increased the pro-reparative activity of EVs and identified a down-regulation of miR-425-5p in EVs in vivo and in vitro associated with the regulation of adiponectin. We tested a cell type-specific reporter of a tetraspanin CD9 fusion with GFP to lineage map the release of EVs from macrophages in the wound bed, based on the expression of miR-425-5p in macrophage-derived EVs and the abundance of macrophages in EV donor sites. Analysis of different promoters demonstrated that EV release under the control of a macrophage-specific promoter was most abundant and that these EVs were internalized by dermal fibroblasts. These findings suggested that pro-reparative EVs deliver miRNAs, such as miR-425-5p, that stimulate the expression of adiponectin that has insulin-sensitizing properties. We propose that EVs promote intercellular signaling between cell layers in the skin to resolve inflammation, induce proliferation of basal keratinocytes, and accelerate wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wooil Choi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sakeef Sayeed
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Dorschner
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Rainaldi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kayla Ho
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jenny Kezios
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Todd Costantini
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian P Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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9
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Winzer R, Nguyen DH, Schoppmeier F, Cortesi F, Gagliani N, Tolosa E. Purinergic enzymes on extracellular vesicles: immune modulation on the go. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362996. [PMID: 38426088 PMCID: PMC10902224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in the extracellular concentration of ATP as a consequence of cellular stress or cell death results in the activation of immune cells. To prevent inflammation, extracellular ATP is rapidly metabolized to adenosine, which deploys an anti-inflammatory signaling cascade upon binding to P1 receptors on immune cells. The ectonucleotidases necessary for the degradation of ATP and generation of adenosine are present on the cell membrane of many immune cells, and their expression is tightly regulated under conditions of inflammation. The discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry purinergic enzyme activity has brought forward the concept of EVs as a new player in immune regulation. Adenosine-generating EVs derived from cancer cells suppress the anti-tumor response, while EVs derived from immune or mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the restoration of homeostasis after infection. Here we will review the existing knowledge on EVs containing purinergic enzymes and molecules, and discuss the relevance of these EVs in immune modulation and their potential for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Du Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schoppmeier
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Bandini S, Ulivi P, Rossi T. Extracellular Vesicles, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Hints and Promises. Cells 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38391950 PMCID: PMC10887032 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, in particular lung cancer, while the introduction of predictive biomarkers from liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising tool to achieve an effective and personalized therapy response. Important progress has also been made in the molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), highlighting their tremendous potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment, acting on immunomodulatory pathways, and setting up the pre-metastatic niche. Surface antigens on EVs and CTCs have proved to be particularly useful in the case of the characterization of potential immune escape mechanisms through the expression of immunosuppressive ligands or the transport of cargos that may mitigate the antitumor immune function. On the other hand, novel approaches, to increase the expression of immunostimulatory molecules or cargo contents that can enhance the immune response, offer premium options in combinatorial clinical strategies for precision immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using EVs and CTCs, their potential applications as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, and their prospective use as innovative clinical tools, considering that CTCs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use, but providing good reasons to intensify the research on both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.)
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11
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Isik FB, Knight HM, Rajkumar AP. Extracellular vesicle microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation may contribute to dementia with Lewy bodies molecular pathology. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:29-38. [PMID: 37339939 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common dementia. Advancing our limited understanding of its molecular pathogenesis is essential for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DLB. DLB is an α-synucleinopathy, and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) from people with DLB can transmit α-synuclein oligomerisation between cells. Post-mortem DLB brains and serum SEV from those with DLB share common miRNA signatures, and their functional implications are uncertain. Hence, we aimed to investigate potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNA and to analyse their functional implications. METHODS We identified potential targets of six previously reported differentially expressed miRNA genes in serum SEV of people with DLB (MIR26A1, MIR320C2, MIR320D2, MIR548BA, MIR556, and MIR4722) using miRBase and miRDB databases. We analysed functional implications of these targets using EnrichR gene set enrichment analysis and analysed their protein interactions using Reactome pathway analysis. RESULTS These SEV miRNA may regulate 4278 genes that were significantly enriched among the genes involved in neuronal development, cell-to-cell communication, vesicle-mediated transport, apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, post-translational protein modifications, and autophagy lysosomal pathway, after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction at 5%. The miRNA target genes and their protein interactions were significantly associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and with multiple signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cytokine signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings provide in-silico evidence that potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNAs may contribute to Lewy pathology by transcriptional regulation. Experimental validation of these dysfunctional pathways is warranted and could lead to novel therapeutic avenues for DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Busra Isik
- School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Miranda Knight
- School of Life Science, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Mental Health Services for Older People, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Miotto PM, Yang CH, Keenan SN, De Nardo W, Beddows CA, Fidelito G, Dodd GT, Parker BL, Hill AF, Burton PR, Loh K, Watt MJ. Liver-derived extracellular vesicles improve whole-body glycaemic control via inter-organ communication. Nat Metab 2024; 6:254-272. [PMID: 38263317 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are signalling messengers that regulate inter-tissue communication through delivery of their molecular cargo. Here, we show that liver-derived EVs are acute regulators of whole-body glycaemic control in mice. Liver EV secretion into the circulation is increased in response to hyperglycaemia, resulting in increased glucose effectiveness and insulin secretion through direct inter-organ EV signalling to skeletal muscle and the pancreas, respectively. This acute blood glucose lowering effect occurs in healthy and obese mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, despite marked remodelling of the liver-derived EV proteome in obese mice. The EV-mediated blood glucose lowering effects were recapitulated by administration of liver EVs derived from humans with or without progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting broad functional conservation of liver EV signalling and potential therapeutic utility. Taken together, this work reveals a mechanism whereby liver EVs act on peripheral tissues via endocrine signalling to restore euglycaemia in the postprandial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey N Keenan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cait A Beddows
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gio Fidelito
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Burton
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Hu Q, Hu Z, Yan X, Lu J, Wang C. Extracellular vesicles involved in growth regulation and metabolic modulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38282041 PMCID: PMC10823724 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer their cargos to the extracellular environment to affect recipient cells, play important roles in microalgal growth and environmental adaptation. And, they are also considered as sustainable and renewable bioresources of delivery nanocarrier for bioactive molecules and/or artificial drug molecules. However, their molecular composition and functions remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, isolation, characterization, and functional verification of Haematococcus pluvialis-derived EVs (HpEVs) were performed. The results indicated that HpEVs with typical EV morphology and size were secreted by H. pluvialis cells during the whole period of growth and accumulated in the culture medium. Cellular uptake of HpEVs by H. pluvialis was confirmed, and their roles in regulation of growth and various physiological processes of the recipient cells were also characterized. The short-term inhibition of HpEV secretion results in the accumulation of functional cellular components of HpEVs, thereby altering the biological response of these cells at the molecular level. Meanwhile, continuously inhibiting the secretion of HpEVs negatively influenced growth, and fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. Small RNA high-throughput sequencing was further performed to determine the miRNA cargoes and compelling details in HpEVs in depth. Comparative analysis revealed commonalities and differences in miRNA species and expression levels in three stages of HpEVs. A total of 163 mature miRNAs were identified with a few unique miRNAs reveal the highest expression levels, and miRNA expression profile of the HpEVs exhibited a clear stage-specific pattern. Moreover, a total of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and their target genes were classified to cell cycle control, lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and so on. CONCLUSION It was therefore proposed that cargos of HpEVs, including miRNA constituents, were suggested potential roles in modulate cell physiological state of H. pluvialis. To summarize, this work uncovers the intercellular communication and metabolism regulation functions of HpEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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14
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Rizzuto A, Faggiano A, Macchi C, Carugo S, Perrino C, Ruscica M. Extracellular vesicles in cardiomyopathies: A narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23765. [PMID: 38192847 PMCID: PMC10772622 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs constitute a potential tool to unravel cell-specific pathophysiological mechanisms at the root of disease states and retain the potential to act as biomarkers for cardiac diseases. By being able to carry bioactive cargo (such as proteins and miRNAs), EVs harness great potential as accessible "liquid biopsies", given their ability to reflect the state of their cell of origin. Cardiomyopathies encompass a variety of myocardial disorders associated with mechanical, functional and/or electric dysfunction. These diseases exhibit different phenotypes, including inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation, scarring, fibro-fatty replacement, dysfunction, and may stem from multiple aetiologies, most often genetic. Thus, the aims of this narrative review are to summarize the current knowledge on EVs and cardiomyopathies (e.g., hypertrophic, dilated and arrhythmogenic), to elucidate the potential role of EVs in the paracrine cell-to-cell communication among cardiac tissue compartments, in aiding the diagnosis of the diverse subtypes of cardiomyopathies in a minimally invasive manner, and finally to address whether certain molecular and phenotypical characteristics of EVs may correlate with cardiomyopathy disease phenotype and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Rizzuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Faggiano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - C. Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Carugo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - C. Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Ruscica
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Minakawa T, Yamashita JK. Versatile extracellular vesicle-mediated information transfer: intercellular synchronization of differentiation and of cellular phenotypes, and future perspectives. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:4. [PMID: 38225584 PMCID: PMC10789073 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant attention as carriers in intercellular communication. The vast array of information contained within EVs is critical for various cellular activities, such as proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types. Moreover, EVs are being employed in disease diagnostics, implicated in disease etiology, and have shown promise in tissue repair. Recently, a phenomenon has been discovered in which cellular phenotypes, including the progression of differentiation, are synchronized among cells via EVs. This synchronization could be prevalent in widespread different situations in embryogenesis and tissue organization and maintenance. Given the increasing research on multi-cellular tissues and organoids, the role of EV-mediated intercellular communication has become increasingly crucial. This review begins with fundamental knowledge of EVs and then discusses recent findings, various modes of information transfer via EVs, and synchronization of cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Minakawa
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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16
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Cervone DT, Moreno-Justicia R, Quesada JP, Deshmukh AS. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches to interrogate skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14334. [PMID: 36973869 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise and chronic exercise training elicit beneficial whole-body changes in physiology that ultimately depend on profound alterations to the dynamics of tissue-specific proteins. Since the work accomplished during exercise owes predominantly to skeletal muscle, it has received the majority of interest from exercise scientists that attempt to unravel adaptive mechanisms accounting for salutary metabolic effects and performance improvements that arise from training. Contemporary scientists are also beginning to use mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which is emerging as a powerful approach to interrogate the muscle protein signature in a more comprehensive manner. Collectively, these technologies facilitate the analysis of skeletal muscle protein dynamics from several viewpoints, including changes to intracellular proteins (expression proteomics), secreted proteins (secretomics), post-translational modifications as well as fiber-, cell-, and organelle-specific changes. This review aims to highlight recent literature that has leveraged new workflows and advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics to further our understanding of training-related changes in skeletal muscle. We call attention to untapped areas in skeletal muscle proteomics research relating to exercise training and metabolism, as well as basic points of contention when applying mass spectrometry-based analyses, particularly in the study of human biology. We further encourage researchers to couple the hypothesis-generating and descriptive nature of omics data with functional analyses that propel our understanding of the complex adaptive responses in skeletal muscle that occur with acute and chronic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cervone
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger Moreno-Justicia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Júlia Prats Quesada
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Nieuwland R, Enciso-Martinez A, Bracht JWP. Clinical applications and challenges in the field of extracellular vesicles. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023; 35:251-258. [PMID: 38835736 PMCID: PMC11006345 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Body fluids contain cell-derived particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are released by cells and are present in all body fluids (i. e. liquid biopsies). EVs contribute to physiology and pathology and offer a plethora of potential clinical applications, ranging from biomarkers to therapeutic applications. In this manuscript we provide an overview of this new and rapidly growing research field, along with its challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienk Nieuwland
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Agustin Enciso-Martinez
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jillian W P Bracht
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam The Netherlands
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18
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Zhang T, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang A, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang Z, Lu W, Guo Y, Tang X, Cui Q, Li Z. Small extracellular vesicles derived from tendon stem cells promote the healing of injured Achilles tendons by regulating miR-145-3p. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:280-296. [PMID: 37806377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic role of tendon stem cells (TSCs) in tendon-related injuries has been well documented. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are being increasingly used as new biotherapeutic agents for various diseases. Therefore, the potential function of TSC-sEVs in tendon injury repair warrants further investigation. In this study, we explored the effects of TSC-sEVs on TSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro in an autocrine manner. We further used a novel exosomal topical treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel in vivo; we mixed sufficient amounts of TSC-sEVs with GelMA hydrogel to cover the damaged molded Achilles tendon tissue and then exposed them to UV irradiation for coagulation. GelMA loading ensured that TSC-sEVs were slowly released at the injury site over a long period, thereby achieving their full local therapeutic effects. Treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with GelMA significantly improved the histological score of the regenerated tendon by increasing the tendon expression while inhibiting the formation of excessive ossification and improving the mechanical properties of the tissue. Moreover, miRNA sequencing in TSC-sEVs, TSCs, and TSCs receiving sEVs revealed that TSC-sEVs altered the miRNA expression profile of TSCs, with increased expression of miR-145-3p. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TSC-sEVs can play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA can enhance their effect in vivo. Moreover, miR-145-3p has a major functional role in the effect of TSC-sEVs. This study offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using sEVs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we demonstrated that TSC-sEVs play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA hydrogel can act as a fixation and slow release in vivo. Moreover, it identifies the major functional role of miR-145-3p in the effect of TSCs that were identified and validated by miRNA sequencing. Our study provides a basis for further research on GelMA slow-release assays that have potential clinical applications. It offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using TSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Aodan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Zenan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Yujun Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
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19
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Longjohn MN, Hudson JABJ, Peña-Castillo L, Cormier RPJ, Hannay B, Chacko S, Lewis SM, Moorehead PC, Christian SL. Extracellular vesicle small RNA cargo discriminates non-cancer donors from pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1272883. [PMID: 38023151 PMCID: PMC10679349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1272883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a disease of abnormally growing B lymphoblasts. Here we hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanosized particles released by all cells (including cancer cells), could be used to monitor B-ALL severity and progression by sampling plasma instead of bone marrow. EVs are especially attractive as they are present throughout the circulation regardless of the location of the originating cell. First, we used nanoparticle tracking analysis to compare EVs between non-cancer donor (NCD) and B-ALL blood plasma; we found that B-ALL plasma contains more EVs than NCD plasma. We then isolated EVs from NCD and pediatric B-ALL peripheral blood plasma using a synthetic peptide-based isolation technique (Vn96), which is clinically amenable and isolates a broad spectrum of EVs. RNA-seq analysis of small RNAs contained within the isolated EVs revealed a signature of differentially packaged and exclusively packaged RNAs that distinguish NCD from B-ALL. The plasma EVs contain a heterogenous mixture of miRNAs and fragments of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcripts packaged in B-ALL EVs include those involved in negative cell cycle regulation, potentially suggesting that B-ALL cells may use EVs to discard gene sequences that control growth. In contrast, NCD EVs carry sequences representative of multiple organs, including brain, muscle, and epithelial cells. This signature could potentially be used to monitor B-ALL disease burden in pediatric B-ALL patients via blood draws instead of invasive bone marrow aspirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modeline N. Longjohn
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jo-Anna B. J. Hudson
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Lourdes Peña-Castillo
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | | | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephen M. Lewis
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Paul C. Moorehead
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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Li Z, Bi R, Zhu S. The Dual Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Joint Osteoarthritis: Their Global and Non-Coding Regulatory RNA Molecule-Based Pathogenic and Therapeutic Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1606. [PMID: 38002288 PMCID: PMC10669328 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OA is the most common joint disease that affects approximately 7% of the global population. Current treatment methods mainly relieve its symptoms with limited repairing effect on joint destructions, which ultimately contributes to the high morbidity rate of OA. Stem cell treatment is a potential regenerative medical therapy for joint repair in OA, but the uncertainty in differentiation direction and immunogenicity limits its clinical usage. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the by-products secreted by stem cells, show similar efficacy levels but have safer regenerative repair effect without potential adverse outcomes, and have recently drawn attention from the broader research community. A series of research works and reviews have been performed in the last decade, providing references for the application of various exogenous therapeutic sEVs for treating OA. However, the clinical potential of target intervention involving endogenous pathogenic sEVs in the treatment of OA is still under-explored and under-discussed. In this review, and for the first time, we emphasize the dual role of sEVs in OA and explain the effects of sEVs on various joint tissues from both the pathogenic and therapeutic aspects. Our aim is to provide a reference for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Ruiye Bi
- Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Zhu S, Chen L, Wang M, Zhang J, Chen G, Yao Y, Song S, Li T, Xu S, Yu Z, Shen B, Xu D, Chi ZL, Wu W. Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential therapy for retinal ganglion cell degeneration. J Control Release 2023; 363:641-656. [PMID: 37820984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Several studies have demonstrated that transplantation of Schwann cells (SCs) is a promising candidate therapy for optic neuropathy and that intravitreally transplanted cells exert their effect via paracrine actions. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies are increasingly recognized as a potential strategy for cell replacement therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and regenerative effects of SC-EVs following optic nerve injury. We found that SC-EVs were internalized by RGCs in vitro and in vivo without any transfection reagents. Intriguingly, SC-EVs significantly enhanced the survival and axonal growth of primary RGCs in a coculture system. In a rat optic nerve crush model, SC-EVs mitigated RGC degeneration, prevented RGC loss, and preserved the thickness of the ganglion cell complex, as demonstrated by the statistically significant improvement in RGC counts and thickness measurements. Mechanistically, SC-EVs activated the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway and regulated reactive gliosis in ONC rats, which is crucial for RGC protection and axonal regeneration. These findings provide novel insights into the neuroprotective and regenerative properties of SC-EVs, suggesting their potential as a cell-free therapeutic strategy and natural biomaterials for neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senmiao Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lili Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yinghao Yao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shihan Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shenglan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhonghao Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Bingyan Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Duogang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zai-Long Chi
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Wencan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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22
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Yoo S, Choi S, Kim I, Kim IS. Hypoxic regulation of extracellular vesicles: Implications for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:201-220. [PMID: 37739015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in cancer progression. Hypoxia, a pervasive hallmark of cancer, is known to regulate EV biogenesis and function. Hypoxic EVs contain a specific set of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, capable of reprogramming the biology and fate of recipient cells. Enhancing the intrinsic therapeutic efficacy of EVs can be achieved by strategically modifying their structure and contents. Moreover, the use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles holds great promise for cancer treatment. However, various hurdles must be overcome to enable their clinical application as cancer therapeutics. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the hypoxic regulation of EVs. Additionally, we will describe the underlying mechanisms by which EVs contribute to cancer progression in hypoxia and outline the progress and limitations of hypoxia-related EV therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Sanga Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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23
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Xhuti D, Nilsson MI, Manta K, Tarnopolsky MA, Nederveen JP. Circulating exosome-like vesicle and skeletal muscle microRNAs are altered with age and resistance training. J Physiol 2023; 601:5051-5073. [PMID: 36722691 DOI: 10.1113/jp282663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and functionality, known as sarcopenia, is a critical risk factor for morbidity and all-cause mortality. Resistance exercise training (RET) is the primary countermeasure to fight sarcopenia and ageing. Altered intercellular communication is a hallmark of ageing, which is not well elucidated. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, contribute to intercellular communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate post-translational modifications, and have been shown to be released following exercise. There is little evidence regarding how EVs or EV-miRNAs are altered with age or RET. Therefore, we sought to characterize circulating EVs in young and older individuals, prior to and following a 12-week resistance exercise programme. Plasma EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. We found that ageing reduced circulating expression markers of CD9, and CD81. Using late-passage human myotubes as a model for ageing in vitro, we show significantly lower secreted exosome-like vesicles (ELVs). Further, levels of circulating ELV-miRNAs associated with muscle health were lower in older individuals at baseline but increased following RET to levels comparable to young. Muscle biopsies show similar age-related reductions in miRNA expressions, with largely no effect of training. This is reflected in vitro, where aged myotubes show significantly reduced expression of endogenous and secreted muscle-specific miRNAs (myomiRs). Lastly, proteins associated with ELV and miRNA biogenesis were significantly higher in both older skeletal muscle tissues and aged human myotubes. Together we show that ageing significantly affects ELV and miRNA cargo biogenesis, and release. RET can partially normalize this altered intercellular communication. KEY POINTS: We show that ageing reduces circulating expression of exosome-like vesicle (ELV) markers, CD9 and CD81. Using late-passage human skeletal myotubes as a model of ageing, we show that secreted ELV markers are significantly reduced in vitro. We find circulating ELV miRNAs associated with skeletal muscle health are lower in older individuals but can increase following resistance exercise training (RET). In skeletal muscle, we find altered expression of miRNAs in older individuals, with no effect of RET. Late-passage myotubes also appear to have aberrant production of endogenous myomiRs with lower abundance than youthful counterparts In older skeletal muscle and late-passage myotubes, proteins involved with ELV- and miRNA biogenesis are upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Xhuti
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Jimenez L, Barman B, Jung YJ, Cocozza L, Krystofiak E, Saffold C, Vickers KC, Wilson JT, Dawson TR, Weaver AM. Culture conditions greatly impact the levels of vesicular and extravesicular Ago2 and RNA in extracellular vesicle preparations. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12366. [PMID: 37885043 PMCID: PMC10603024 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-carried miRNAs can influence gene expression and functional phenotypes in recipient cells. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is a key miRNA-binding protein that has been identified in EVs and could influence RNA silencing. However, Ago2 is in a non-vesicular form in serum and can be an EV contaminant. In addition, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including Ago2, and RNAs are often minor EV components whose sorting into EVs may be regulated by cell signaling state. To determine the conditions that influence detection of RBPs and RNAs in EVs, we evaluated the effect of growth factors, oncogene signaling, serum, and cell density on the vesicular and nonvesicular content of Ago2, other RBPs, and RNA in small EV (SEV) preparations. Media components affected both the intravesicular and extravesicular levels of RBPs and miRNAs in EVs, with serum contributing strongly to extravesicular miRNA contamination. Furthermore, isolation of EVs from hollow fiber bioreactors revealed complex preparations, with multiple EV-containing peaks and a large amount of extravesicular Ago2/RBPs. Finally, KRAS mutation impacts the detection of intra- and extra-vesicular Ago2. These data indicate that multiple cell culture conditions and cell states impact the presence of RBPs in EV preparations, some of which can be attributed to serum contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bahnisikha Barman
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Youn Jae Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt University School of EngineeringNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lauren Cocozza
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource EM FacilityVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Cherie Saffold
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityMedical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt University School of EngineeringNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - T. Renee Dawson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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25
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Liu W, Jin M, Chen Q, Li Q, Xing X, Luo Y, Sun X. Insight into extracellular vesicles in vascular diseases: intercellular communication role and clinical application potential. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:310. [PMID: 37907962 PMCID: PMC10617214 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells have been increasingly known to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular environment under physiological and pathological conditions. A plethora of studies have revealed that EVs contain cell-derived biomolecules and are found in circulation, thereby implicating them in molecular trafficking between cells. Furthermore, EVs have an effect on physiological function and disease development and serve as disease biomarkers. MAIN BODY Given the close association between EV circulation and vascular disease, this review aims to provide a brief introduction to EVs, with a specific focus on the EV cargoes participating in pathological mechanisms, diagnosis, engineering, and clinical potential, to highlight the emerging evidence suggesting promising targets in vascular diseases. Despite the expansion of research in this field, some noticeable limitations remain for clinical translational research. CONCLUSION This review makes a novel contribution to a summary of recent advances and a perspective on the future of EVs in vascular diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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26
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Roessler J, Pich D, Krähling V, Becker S, Keppler OT, Zeidler R, Hammerschmidt W. SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr Virus-like Particles Associate and Fuse with Extracellular Vesicles in Virus Neutralization Tests. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2892. [PMID: 38001893 PMCID: PMC10669694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful development of effective viral vaccines depends on well-known correlates of protection, high immunogenicity, acceptable safety criteria, low reactogenicity, and well-designed immune monitoring and serology. Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often a good correlate of protective immunity, and their serum concentration is a key parameter during the pre-clinical and clinical testing of vaccine candidates. Viruses are inherently infectious and potentially harmful, but we and others developed replication-defective SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (VLPs) as surrogates for infection to quantitate neutralizing antibodies with appropriate target cells using a split enzyme-based approach. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-derived VLPs associate and fuse with extracellular vesicles in a highly specific manner, mediated by the respective viral fusion proteins and their corresponding host receptors. We highlight the capacity of virus-neutralizing antibodies to interfere with this interaction and demonstrate a potent application using this technology. To overcome the common limitations of most virus neutralization tests, we developed a quick in vitro diagnostic assay based on the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs with susceptible vesicles to quantitate neutralizing antibodies without the need for infectious viruses or living cells. We validated this method by testing a set of COVID-19 patient serum samples, correlated the results with those of a conventional test, and found good sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this serological assay can be adapted to a human herpesvirus, EBV, and possibly other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roessler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (R.Z.)
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (V.K.); (S.B.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (V.K.); (S.B.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (R.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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27
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Liang D, Liu C, Yang M. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes for ALI/ARDS: A promising therapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20387. [PMID: 37842582 PMCID: PMC10568335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious clinical syndrome with a high morbidity and mortality. Presently, therapeutic approaches for ALI/ARDS primarily revolve around symptomatic supportive care encompassing mechanical ventilation and fluid management. Regrettably, the prognosis for most ALI/ARDS patients remains bleak due to the absence of effective treatment strategies. Even survivors of ALI/ARDS may have long-term pulmonary dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The quality of life has been seriously compromised. The emergence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes has opened up an expansive realm of potential and optimism for addressing the plight of ALI/ARDS patients, as MSCs and their derived exosomes exhibit multifaceted capabilities, including anti-inflammatory properties, facilitation of tissue repair and regeneration, and apoptosis inhibition. Therefore, future research should focus on the possible mechanisms of MSCs and their derived exosomes for the treatment of ALI/ARDS and open up new avenues for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Endocrine, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrine, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
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28
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Gueguen J, Girard D, Rival B, Fernandez J, Goriot ME, Banzet S. Spinal cord injury dysregulates fibro-adipogenic progenitors miRNAs signaling to promote neurogenic heterotopic ossifications. Commun Biol 2023; 6:932. [PMID: 37700159 PMCID: PMC10497574 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications are intramuscular bone formations developing following central nervous system injury. The pathophysiology is poorly understood and current treatments for this debilitating condition remain unsatisfying. Here we explored the role of miRNAs in a clinically relevant mouse model that combines muscle and spinal cord injury, and in patients' cells. We found an osteo-suppressive miRNAs response in injured muscle that was hindered when the spinal cord injury was associated. In isolated fibro-adipogenic progenitors from damaged muscle (cells at the origin of ossification), spinal cord injury induced a downregulation of osteo-suppressive miRNAs while osteogenic markers were overexpressed. The overexpression of selected miRNAs in patient's fibro-adipogenic progenitors inhibited mineralization and osteo-chondrogenic markers in vitro. Altogether, we highlighted an osteo-suppressive mechanism involving multiple miRNAs in response to muscle injury that prevents osteogenic commitment which is ablated by the neurologic lesion in heterotopic ossification pathogenesis. This provides new research hypotheses for preventive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Gueguen
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Dorothée Girard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Bastien Rival
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Juliette Fernandez
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Goriot
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 92140, Clamart, France.
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197, 92140, Clamart, France.
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30
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Hanson B, Vorobieva I, Zheng W, Conceição M, Lomonosova Y, Mäger I, Puri PL, El Andaloussi S, Wood MJ, Roberts TC. EV-mediated promotion of myogenic differentiation is dependent on dose, collection medium, and isolation method. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:511-528. [PMID: 37602275 PMCID: PMC10432918 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the regulation of myogenic differentiation. C2C12 murine myoblast differentiation was reduced following treatment with GW4869 or heparin (to inhibit exosome biogenesis and EV uptake, respectively). Conversely, treatment with C2C12 myotube-conditioned medium enhanced myogenic differentiation. Ultrafiltration-size exclusion liquid chromatography (UF-SEC) was used to isolate EVs and non-EV extracellular protein in parallel from C2C12 myoblast- and myotube-conditioned medium. UF-SEC-purified EVs promoted myogenic differentiation at low doses (≤2 × 108 particles/mL) and were inhibitory at the highest dose tested (2 × 1011 particles/mL). Conversely, extracellular protein fractions had no effect on myogenic differentiation. While the transfer of muscle-enriched miRNAs (myomiRs) has been proposed to mediate the pro-myogenic effects of EVs, we observed that they are scarce in EVs (e.g., 1 copy of miR-133a-3p per 195 EVs). Furthermore, we observed pro-myogenic effects with undifferentiated myoblast-derived EVs, in which myomiR concentrations are even lower, suggestive of a myomiR-independent mechanism underlying the observed pro-myogenic effects. During these investigations we identified technical factors with profound confounding effects on myogenic differentiation. Specifically, co-purification of insulin (a component of Opti-MEM) in non-EV LC fractions and polymer precipitated EV preparations. These findings provide further evidence that polymer-based precipitation techniques should be avoided in EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Hanson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Ioulia Vorobieva
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Mariana Conceição
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Yulia Lomonosova
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Matthew J.A. Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, South Parks Road, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Thomas C. Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, South Parks Road, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
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31
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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hagey DW, Ojansivu M, Bostancioglu BR, Saher O, Bost JP, Gustafsson MO, Gramignoli R, Svahn M, Gupta D, Stevens MM, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S. The cellular response to extracellular vesicles is dependent on their cell source and dose. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1168. [PMID: 37656796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been established to play important roles in cell-cell communication and shown promise as therapeutic agents. However, we still lack a basic understanding of how cells respond upon exposure to EVs from different cell sources at various doses. Thus, we treated fibroblasts with EVs from 12 different cell sources at doses between 20 and 200,000 per cell, analyzed their transcriptional effects, and functionally confirmed the findings in various cell types in vitro, and in vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased global analysis revealed EV dose to have a more significant effect than cell source, such that high doses down-regulated exocytosis and up-regulated lysosomal activity. However, EV cell source-specific responses were observed at low doses, and these reflected the activities of the EV's source cells. Last, we assessed EV-derived transcript abundance and found that immune cell-derived EVs were most associated with recipient cells. Together, this study provides important insights into the cellular response to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miina Ojansivu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beklem R Bostancioglu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chai P, Lebedenko CG, Flynn RA. RNA Crossing Membranes: Systems and Mechanisms Contextualizing Extracellular RNA and Cell Surface GlycoRNAs. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:85-107. [PMID: 37068783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-101722-101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of a biopolymer often informs its function. RNA is traditionally confined to the cytosolic and nuclear spaces, where it plays critical and conserved roles across nearly all biochemical processes. Our recent observation of cell surface glycoRNAs may further explain the extracellular role of RNA. While cellular membranes are efficient gatekeepers of charged polymers such as RNAs, a large body of research has demonstrated the accumulation of specific RNA species outside of the cell, termed extracellular RNAs (exRNAs). Across various species and forms of life, protein pores have evolved to transport RNA across membranes, thus providing a mechanistic path for exRNAs to achieve their extracellular topology. Here, we review types of exRNAs and the pores capable of RNA transport to provide a logical and testable path toward understanding the biogenesis and regulation of cell surface glycoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Chai
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotta G Lebedenko
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Phelps J, Hart DA, Mitha AP, Duncan NA, Sen A. Physiological oxygen conditions enhance the angiogenic properties of extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:218. [PMID: 37612731 PMCID: PMC10463845 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an ischemic injury to the brain, the induction of angiogenesis is critical to neurological recovery. The angiogenic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been attributed at least in part to the actions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that they secrete. EVs are membrane-bound vesicles that contain various angiogenic biomolecules capable of eliciting therapeutic responses and are of relevance in cerebral applications due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Though MSCs are commonly cultured under oxygen levels present in injected air, when MSCs are cultured under physiologically relevant oxygen conditions (2-9% O2), they have been found to secrete higher amounts of survival and angiogenic factors. There is a need to determine the effects of MSC-EVs in models of cerebral angiogenesis and whether those from MSCs cultured under physiological oxygen provide greater functional effects. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were grown in clinically relevant serum-free medium and exposed to either headspace oxygen concentrations of 18.4% O2 (normoxic) or 3% O2 (physioxic). EVs were isolated from MSC cultures by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by their size, concentration of EV specific markers, and their angiogenic protein content. Their functional angiogenic effects were evaluated in vitro by their induction of cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) proliferation, tube formation, and angiogenic and tight junction gene expressions. RESULTS Compared to normoxic conditions, culturing MSCs under physioxic conditions increased their expression of angiogenic genes SDF1 and VEGF, and subsequently elevated VEGF-A content in the EV fraction. MSC-EVs demonstrated an ability to induce CMEC angiogenesis by promoting tube formation, with the EV fraction from physioxic cultures having the greatest effect. The physioxic EV fraction further upregulated the expression of CMEC angiogenic genes FGF2, HIF1, VEGF and TGFB1, as well as genes (OCLN and TJP1) involved in BBB maintenance. CONCLUSIONS EVs from physioxic MSC cultures hold promise in the generation of a cell-free therapy to induce angiogenesis. Their positive angiogenic effect on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells demonstrates that they may have utility in treating ischemic cerebral conditions, where the induction of angiogenesis is critical to improving recovery and neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Phelps
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Neil A Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Musculoskeletal Mechanobiology and Multiscale Mechanics Bioengineering Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Fischetti F, Poli L, De Tommaso M, Paolicelli D, Greco G, Cataldi S. The role of exercise parameters on small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs cargo in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241010. [PMID: 37654673 PMCID: PMC10466047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA), which includes exercise, can reduce the risk of developing various non-communicable diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and mitigate their adverse effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this ability are not yet fully understood. Among several possible mechanisms proposed, such as the stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), the possible involvement of particular vesicular structures enclosed in lipid membranes known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently been investigated. These EVs would appear to exert a paracrine and systemic action through their ability to carry various molecules, particularly so-called microRNAs (miRNAs), performing a function as mediators of intercellular communication. Interestingly, EVs and miRNAs are differentially expressed following PA, but evidence on how different exercise parameters may differentially affect EVs and the miRNAs they carry is still scarce. In this review we summarized the current human findings on the effects of PA and different exercise parameters exerted on EVs and their cargo, focusing on miRNAs molecules, and discussing how this may represent one of the biological mechanisms through which exercise contributes to preventing and slowing NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina De Tommaso
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Policlinico General Hospital, University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Damiano Paolicelli
- Neurophysiology Operative Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Policlinico General Hospital, University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ju C, Liu D. Exosomal microRNAs from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Novel Therapeutic Effect in Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:647-660. [PMID: 37131016 PMCID: PMC10352215 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing is a complicated biological process that leads to the regeneration of damaged skin tissue. Determining the methods to promote wound healing has become a hot topic in medical cosmetology and tissue repair research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and multi-differentiation. MSCs transplantation has a broad application prospect in wound healing therapy. Many studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of MSCs is mainly mediated by paracrine actions. Exosomes (EXOs), which are nanosized vesicles carrying a variety of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, are an important component of paracrine secretion. It has been demonstrated that exosomal microRNAs (EXO-miRNAs) play a key role in the function of exosomes. METHODS In this review, we focus on current research on miRNAs from MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO miRNAs) in terms of sorting, releasing and function and their effects on inflammation regulation, epidermal cell function, fibroblast function, and extracellular matrix formation. At last, we discuss the current attempts to improve the treatment of MSC-EXO-miRNAs. RESULTS Many studies have demonstrated that MSC-EXO miRNAs play a key role in promoting wound healing. They have been shown to regulate inflammation response, enhance epidermal cell proliferation and migration, stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, and regulate extracellular matrix formation. Besides, there have been a number of strategies developed to promote MSC-EXO and MSC-EXO miRNAs for wound healing treatment. CONCLUSION Utilizing the association of exosomes from MSCs with miRNAs may be a promising strategy to promote trauma healing. MSC-EXO miRNAs may provide a new approach to promote wound healing and improve the quality of life for patients with skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Ju
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Teo KYW, Tan R, Wong KL, Hey DHW, Hui JHP, Toh WS. Small extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: the next therapeutic paradigm for musculoskeletal disorders. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:837-846. [PMID: 37191613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the biggest contributors to morbidity and place an enormous burden on the health care system in an aging population. Owing to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for treatment of a wide variety of conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. Although MSCs were originally thought to differentiate and replace injured/diseased tissues, it is now accepted that MSCs mediate tissue repair through secretion of trophic factors, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). Endowed with a diverse cargo of bioactive lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites, MSC-EVs have been shown to elicit diverse cellular responses and interact with many cell types needed in tissue repair. The present review aims to summarize the latest advances in the use of native MSC-EVs for musculoskeletal regeneration, examine the cargo molecules and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects, and discuss the progress and challenges in their translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rachel Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keng Lin Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dennis Hwee Weng Hey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Roefs MT, Bauzá-Martinez J, van de Wakker SI, Qin J, Olijve WT, Tuinte R, Rozeboom M, Snijders Blok C, Mol EA, Wu W, Vader P, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote angiogenesis through both associated- and co-isolated proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:800. [PMID: 37528162 PMCID: PMC10393955 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that play a role in intercellular communication. Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived EVs have been shown to protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via pro-angiogenic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying CPC-EV-induced angiogenesis remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the ability of CPC-EVs to induce in vitro angiogenesis and to stimulate pro-survival pathways was lost upon EV donor cell exposure to calcium ionophore. Proteomic comparison of active and non-active EV preparations together with phosphoproteomic analysis of activated endothelial cells identified the contribution of candidate protein PAPP-A and the IGF-R signaling pathway in EV-mediated cell activation, which was further validated using in vitro angiogenesis assays. Upon further purification using iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation, EVs partly lost their activity, suggesting a co-stimulatory role of co-isolated proteins in recipient cell activation. Our increased understanding of the mechanisms of CPC-EV-mediated cell activation will pave the way to more efficient EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiabin Qin
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Theodoor Olijve
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Tuinte
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Rozeboom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Alise Mol
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Solaguren-Beascoa M, Gámez-Valero A, Escaramís G, Herrero-Lorenzo M, Ortiz AM, Minguet C, Gonzalo R, Bravo MI, Costa M, Martí E. Phospho-RNA-Seq Highlights Specific Small RNA Profiles in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11653. [PMID: 37511412 PMCID: PMC10380198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are bioactive molecules that can be detected in biofluids, reflecting physiological and pathological states. In plasma, sRNAs are found within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and in extravesicular compartments, offering potential sources of highly sensitive biomarkers. Deep sequencing strategies to profile sRNAs favor the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs), the best-known class of sRNAs. Phospho-RNA-seq, through the enzymatic treatment of sRNAs with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4-PNK), has been recently developed to increase the detection of thousands of previously inaccessible RNAs. In this study, we investigated the value of phospho-RNA-seq on both the EVs and extravesicular plasma subfractions. Phospho-RNA-seq increased the proportion of sRNAs used for alignment and highlighted the diversity of the sRNA transcriptome. Unsupervised clustering analysis using sRNA counts matrices correctly classified the EVs and extravesicular samples only in the T4-PNK treated samples, indicating that phospho-RNA-seq stresses the features of sRNAs in each plasma subfraction. Furthermore, T4-PNK treatment emphasized specific miRNA variants differing in the 5'-end (5'-isomiRs) and certain types of tRNA fragments in each plasma fraction. Phospho-RNA-seq increased the number of tissue-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) fragments in the EVs compared with the extravesicular fraction, suggesting that phospho-RNA-seq favors the discovery of tissue-specific sRNAs in EVs. Overall, the present data emphasizes the value of phospho-RNA-seq in uncovering RNA-based biomarkers in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Solaguren-Beascoa
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Escaramís
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Herrero-Lorenzo
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Ortiz
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Minguet
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gonzalo
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eulàlia Martí
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kosanović M, Milutinović B, Kutzner TJ, Mouloud Y, Bozic M. Clinical Prospect of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Disease: Challenges and the Way Forward. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1911. [PMID: 37514097 PMCID: PMC10384614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a growing public health problem worldwide, including both acute and chronic forms. Existing therapies for kidney disease target various pathogenic mechanisms; however, these therapies only slow down the progression of the disease rather than offering a cure. One of the potential and emerging approaches for the treatment of kidney disease is mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy, shown to have beneficial effects in preclinical studies. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs became a potent cell-free therapy option in various preclinical models of kidney disease due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, there are scarce clinical data available regarding the use of MSC-EVs in kidney pathologies. This review article provides an outline of the renoprotective effects of MSC-EVs in different preclinical models of kidney disease. It offers a comprehensive analysis of possible mechanisms of action of MSC-EVs with an emphasis on kidney disease. Finally, on the journey toward the implementation of MSC-EVs into clinical practice, we highlight the need to establish standardized methods for the characterization of an EV-based product and investigate the adequate dosing, safety, and efficacy of MSC-EVs application, as well as the development of suitable potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Milutinović
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 770302, USA
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain
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41
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Rufino-Ramos D, Leandro K, Perdigão PRL, O'Brien K, Pinto MM, Santana MM, van Solinge TS, Mahjoum S, Breakefield XO, Breyne K, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular communication between brain cells through functional transfer of Cre mRNA mediated by extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2220-2239. [PMID: 37194237 PMCID: PMC10362460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), the crosstalk between neural cells is mediated by extracellular mechanisms, including brain-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs). To study endogenous communication across the brain and periphery, we explored Cre-mediated DNA recombination to permanently record the functional uptake of bdEVs cargo over time. To elucidate functional cargo transfer within the brain at physiological levels, we promoted the continuous secretion of physiological levels of neural bdEVs containing Cre mRNA from a localized region in the brain by in situ lentiviral transduction of the striatum of Flox-tdTomato Ai9 mice reporter of Cre activity. Our approach efficiently detected in vivo transfer of functional events mediated by physiological levels of endogenous bdEVs throughout the brain. Remarkably, a spatial gradient of persistent tdTomato expression was observed along the whole brain, exhibiting an increment of more than 10-fold over 4 months. Moreover, bdEVs containing Cre mRNA were detected in the bloodstream and extracted from brain tissue to further confirm their functional delivery of Cre mRNA in a novel and highly sensitive Nanoluc reporter system. Overall, we report a sensitive method to track bdEV transfer at physiological levels, which will shed light on the role of bdEVs in neural communication within the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rufino-Ramos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kevin Leandro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro R L Perdigão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Killian O'Brien
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Manuel Pinto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas S van Solinge
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadi Mahjoum
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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42
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Zuo H, Wang Y, Yuan M, Zheng W, Tian X, Pi Y, Zhang X, Song H. Small extracellular vesicles from HO-1-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury after steatotic liver transplantation by suppressing ferroptosis via miR-214-3p. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110793. [PMID: 37414107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Donor shortage is a major problem that limits liver transplantation availability. Steatotic donor liver presents a feasible strategy to solve this problem. However, severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an obstacle to the adoption of steatotic transplanted livers. Evidence from our prior studies indicated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modified with heme oxygenase-1 (HMSCs) can attenuate non-steatotic liver IRI. However, the contribution of HMSCs in transplanted steatotic liver IRI is unclear. Here, HMSCs and their derived small extracellular vesicles (HM-sEVs) alleviated IRI in transplanted steatotic livers. After liver transplantation, there was significant enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in the glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis pathways, accompanied by ferroptosis marker upregulation. The HMSCs and HM-sEVs suppressed ferroptosis and attenuated IRI in the transplanted steatotic livers. MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray and validation experiments indicated that miR-214-3p, which was abundant in the HM-sEVs, suppressed ferroptosis by targeting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). In contrast, COX2 overexpression reversed this effect. Knockdown of miR-214-3p in the HM-sEVs diminished its ability to suppress ferroptosis and protect liver tissues/cells. The findings suggested that HM-sEVs suppressed ferroptosis to attenuate transplanted steatotic liver IRI via the miR-214-3p-COX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yilin Pi
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, PR China.
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43
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Teo KYW, Zhang S, Loh JT, Lai RC, Hey HWD, Lam KP, Lim SK, Toh WS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Mediate M2-like Macrophage Polarization through CD73/Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051489. [PMID: 37242732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes have been shown to alleviate immune dysfunction and inflammation in preclinical animal models. This therapeutic effect is attributed, in part, to their ability to promote the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. One polarization mechanism has been shown to involve the activation of the MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by the presence of extra domain A-fibronectin (EDA-FN) within the MSC exosomes. Here, we uncovered an additional mechanism where MSC exosomes mediate M2-like macrophage polarization through exosomal CD73 activity. Specifically, we observed that polarization of M2-like macrophages by MSC exosomes was abolished in the presence of inhibitors of CD73 activity, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, and AKT/ERK phosphorylation. These findings suggest that MSC exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization by catalyzing the production of adenosine, which then binds to adenosine receptors A2A and A2B to activate AKT/ERK-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, CD73 represents an additional critical attribute of MSC exosomes in mediating M2-like macrophage polarization. These findings have implications for predicting the immunomodulatory potency of MSC exosome preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Jia Tong Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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44
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Pietrangelo T, Santangelo C, Bondi D, Cocci P, Piccinelli R, Piacenza F, Rosato E, Azman SNA, Binetti E, Farina M, Locatelli M, Brunetti V, Le Donne C, Marramiero L, Di Filippo ES, Verratti V, Fulle S, Scollo V, Palermo F. Endurance-dependent urinary extracellular vesicle signature: shape, metabolic miRNAs, and purine content distinguish triathletes from inactive people. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:691-709. [PMID: 37156970 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with bioactive molecules have gained considerable attention in nanotechnology because they are critical to intercellular communication while maintaining low immunological impact. Among biological matrices, urine has emerged as a noninvasive source of extracellular-contained liquid biopsy, currently of interest as a readout for physiological adaptations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate chronic adaptations of endurance sport practice in terms of urinary EV parameters and evaluated by food consumption assessment. Two balanced groups of 13 inactive controls vs. triathlon athletes were enrolled; their urinary EVs were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The cargo was analyzed by means of purine and miRNA content through HPLC-UV and qRT-PCR. Specific urinary EV signatures differentiated inactive versus endurance-trained in terms of peculiar shape. Particularly, a spheroid shape, smaller size, and lower roughness characterize EVs from triathletes. Metabolic and regulatory miRNAs often associated with skeletal muscle (i.e., miR378a-5p, miR27a-3p, miR133a, and miR206) also accounted for a differential signature. These miRNAs and guanosine in urinary EVs can be used as a readout for metabolic status along with the shape and roughness of EVs, novel informative parameters that are rarely considered. The network models allow scholars to entangle nutritional and exercise factors related to EVs' miRNA and purine content to depict metabolic signatures. All in all, multiplex biophysical and molecular analyses of urinary EVs may serve as promising prospects for research in exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piccinelli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell'Invecchiamento, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrica Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S N Afifa Azman
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Binetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council of Italy, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Farina
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Brunetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marramiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Scollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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45
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Rädler J, Gupta D, Zickler A, Andaloussi SE. Exploiting the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles for bioengineering and therapeutic cargo loading. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1231-1250. [PMID: 36805147 PMCID: PMC10188647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various diseases. These natural nanoparticles benefit from favorable safety profiles and unique biodistribution capabilities, rendering them attractive drug-delivery modalities over synthetic analogs. However, the widespread use of EVs is limited by technological shortcomings and biological knowledge gaps that fail to unravel their heterogeneity. An in-depth understanding of their biogenesis is crucial to unlocking their full therapeutic potential. Here, we explore how knowledge about EV biogenesis can be exploited for EV bioengineering to load therapeutic protein or nucleic acid cargos into or onto EVs. We summarize more than 75 articles and discuss their findings on the formation and composition of exosomes and microvesicles, revealing multiple pathways that may be stimulation and/or cargo dependent. Our analysis further identifies key regulators of natural EV cargo loading and we discuss how this knowledge is integrated to develop engineered EV biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rädler
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Antje Zickler
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
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46
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Cecchin R, Troyer Z, Witwer K, Morris KV. Extracellular vesicles: The next generation in gene therapy delivery. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1225-1230. [PMID: 36698310 PMCID: PMC10188631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are esteemed as a promising delivery vehicle for various genetic therapeutics. They are relatively inert, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. At least in rodents, they can even transit challenging bodily hurdles such as the blood-brain barrier. Constitutively shed by all cells and with the potential to interact specifically with neighboring and distant targets, EVs can be engineered to carry and deliver therapeutic molecules such as proteins and RNAs. EVs are thus emerging as an elegant in vivo gene therapy vector. Deeper understanding of basic EV biology-including cellular production, EV loading, systemic distribution, and cell delivery-is still needed for effective harnessing of these endogenous cellular nanoparticles as next-generation nanodelivery tools. However, even a perfect EV product will be challenging to produce at clinical scale. In this regard, we propose that vector transduction technologies can be used to convert cells either ex vivo or directly in vivo into EV factories for stable, safe modulation of gene expression and function. Here, we extrapolate from the current EV state of the art to a bright potential future using EVs to treat genetic diseases that are refractory to current therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cecchin
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zach Troyer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology, and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ken Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology, and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Lim WQ, Michelle Luk KH, Lee KY, Nurul N, Loh SJ, Yeow ZX, Wong QX, Daniel Looi QH, Chong PP, How CW, Hamzah S, Foo JB. Small Extracellular Vesicles' miRNAs: Biomarkers and Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041216. [PMID: 37111701 PMCID: PMC10143523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are critical in the healthcare system as patients suffer from progressive diseases despite currently available drug management. Indeed, the growing ageing population will burden the country's healthcare system and the caretakers. Thus, there is a need for new management that could stop or reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells possess a remarkable regenerative potential that has long been investigated to resolve these issues. Some breakthroughs have been achieved thus far to replace the damaged brain cells; however, the procedure's invasiveness has prompted scientists to investigate using stem-cell small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a non-invasive cell-free therapy to address the limitations of cell therapy. With the advancement of technology to understand the molecular changes of neurodegenerative diseases, efforts have been made to enrich stem cells' sEVs with miRNAs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the sEVs. In this article, the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases is highlighted. The role of miRNAs from sEVs as biomarkers and treatments is also discussed. Lastly, the applications and delivery of stem cells and their miRNA-enriched sEVs for treating neurodegenerative diseases are emphasised and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qing Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kie Hoon Michelle Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nasuha Nurul
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sin Jade Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Xiong Yeow
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Xuan Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Daniel Looi
- My CytoHealth Sdn. Bhd., Lab 6, DMC Level 2, Hive 5, Taman Teknologi MRANTI, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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48
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Borniego ML, Innes RW. Extracellular RNA: mechanisms of secretion and potential functions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2389-2404. [PMID: 36609873 PMCID: PMC10082932 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) has long been considered as cellular waste that plants can degrade and utilize to recycle nutrients. However, recent findings highlight the need to reconsider the biological significance of RNAs found outside of plant cells. A handful of studies suggest that the exRNA repertoire, which turns out to be an extremely heterogenous group of non-coding RNAs, comprises species as small as a dozen nucleotides to hundreds of nucleotides long. They are found mostly in free form or associated with RNA-binding proteins, while very few are found inside extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite their low abundance, small RNAs associated with EVs have been a focus of exRNA research due to their putative role in mediating trans-kingdom RNAi. Therefore, non-vesicular exRNAs have remained completely under the radar until very recently. Here we summarize our current knowledge of the RNA species that constitute the extracellular RNAome and discuss mechanisms that could explain the diversity of exRNAs, focusing not only on the potential mechanisms involved in RNA secretion but also on post-release processing of exRNAs. We will also share our thoughts on the putative roles of vesicular and extravesicular exRNAs in plant-pathogen interactions, intercellular communication, and other physiological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lucía Borniego
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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49
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes: Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4245704. [PMID: 37056457 PMCID: PMC10089786 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4245704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As double membrane-encapsulated nanovesicles (30-150 nm), exosomes (Exos) shuttle between different cells to mediate intercellular communication and transport active cargoes of paracrine factors. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived Exos (MSC-Exos) provide a rationale for novel cell-free therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Growing evidence has shown that MSC-Exos can be a potential candidate for treating IBD. In the present review, we summarized the most critical advances in the properties of MSC-Exos, provided the research progress of MSC-Exos in treating IBD, and discussed the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Collectively, MSC-Exos had great potential for cell-free therapy in IBD. However, further studies are required to understand the full dimensions of the complex Exo system and how to optimize its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Hill C, Dellar ER, Baena‐Lopez LA. Caspases help to spread the message via extracellular vesicles. FEBS J 2023; 290:1954-1972. [PMID: 35246932 PMCID: PMC10952732 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential aspect of multicellular life, key for coordinating cell proliferation, growth, and death in response to environmental changes. Whilst caspases are well-known for facilitating apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death, several recent investigations are uncovering new roles for these enzymes in biological scenarios requiring long-range intercellular signalling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small membrane-bound nanoparticles released from cells that may carry and deliver cargo between distant cells, thus helping to coordinate their behaviour. Intriguingly, there is emerging evidence indicating a key contribution of caspases in the biogenesis of EVs, the selection of their cargo content, and EV uptake/function in recipient cells. Here, we discuss the latest findings supporting the interplay between caspases and EVs, and the biological relevance of this molecular convergence for cellular signalling, principally in non-apoptotic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
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