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Ma Z, Liu Q, Wang M, Du YT, Xie JW, Yi ZG, Cai JH, Zhao TY, Zhang HD. Detection and population genetic analysis of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the Yangtze River basin of China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105634. [PMID: 38950667 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticides are often the most effective tools for rapidly decreasing the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has led to the selection of resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are one of the main drivers of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus and are also known as "knockdown resistance" (kdr) mutations. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance is a prerequisite for developing techniques for rapid resistance diagnosis. Here, we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. albopictus from the Yangtze River Basin, China; METHODS: Here, we report the results of PCR genotyping of kdr mutations in 541 Ae. albopictus specimens from 22 sampling sites in 7 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial DNA sequences of domain II and domain III of the VGSC gene were amplified. These DNA fragments were subsequently sequenced to discover the possible genetic mutations mediating knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. The frequency and distribution of kdr mutations were assessed in 22 Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the kdr mutations had a single or multiple origins; RESULTS: The kdr mutation at the 1016 locus had 2 alleles with 3 genotypes: V/V (73.38%), V/G (26.43%) and G/G (0.18%). The 1016G homozygous mutation was found in only one case in the CQSL strain in Chongqing, and no 1016G mutations were detected in the SHJD (Shanghai), NJDX (Jiangsu) or HBQN (Hubei) strains. A total of 1532 locus had two alleles and three genotypes, I/I (88.35%), I/T (8.50%) and T/T (3.14%). A total of 1534 locus had four alleles and six genotypes: F/F (49.35%), F/S (19.96%), F/C (1.48%) and F/L (0.18%); S/S (23.66%); and C/C (5.36%). Haplotypes with the F1534C mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Chongqing and Hubei, and C1534C was found only in three geographic strains in Chongqing. Haplotypes with the 1534S mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Sichuan and Shanghai. F1534L was found only in HBYC. The Ae. albopictus populations in Shanghai were more genetically differentiated from those in the other regions (except Sichuan), and the genetic differentiation between the populations in Chongqing and those in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Huber, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Anhui) was lower. Shanghai and Sichuan displayed low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that the 1016 locus was divided into three branches, with the Clade A and Clade B branches bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Jiangsu and the Clade C branch bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Chongqing, suggesting at least two origins for 1016G. IIIS6 phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that F1534S, F1534C and I1532T can be divided into two branches, indicating that IIIS6 has two origins; CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the distribution of kdr mutations and the analysis of population genetics, we infer that besides the local selection of pyrethroid resistance mutations, dispersal and colonization of Ae. albopictus from other regions may explain why kdr mutations are present in some Ae. albopictus populations in the Yangtze River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-Tong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zi-Ge Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing-Hong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Heng-Duan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
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Cosme LV, Corley M, Johnson T, Severson DW, Yan G, Wang X, Beebe N, Maynard A, Bonizzoni M, Khorramnejad A, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Munstermann LE, Surendran SN, Chen CH, Maringer K, Wahid I, Mukherjee S, Xu J, Fontaine MC, Estallo EL, Stein M, Livdahl T, Scaraffia PY, Carter BH, Mogi M, Tuno N, Mains JW, Medley KA, Bowles DE, Gill RJ, Eritja R, González-Obando R, Trang HTT, Boyer S, Abunyewa AM, Hackett K, Wu T, Nguyễn J, Shen J, Zhao H, Crawford JE, Armbruster P, Caccone A. A genotyping array for the globally invasive vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:106. [PMID: 38439081 PMCID: PMC10910840 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the preferred genotyping method for most genomic analyses, limitations are often experienced when studying genomes characterized by a high percentage of repetitive elements, high linkage, and recombination deserts. The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), for example, has a genome comprising up to 72% repetitive elements, and therefore we set out to develop a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to be more cost-effective. Aedes albopictus is an invasive species originating from Southeast Asia that has recently spread around the world and is a vector for many human diseases. Developing an accessible genotyping platform is essential in advancing biological control methods and understanding the population dynamics of this pest species, with significant implications for public health. METHODS We designed a SNP chip for Ae. albopictus (Aealbo chip) based on approximately 2.7 million SNPs identified using WGS data from 819 worldwide samples. We validated the chip using laboratory single-pair crosses, comparing technical replicates, and comparing genotypes of samples genotyped by WGS and the SNP chip. We then used the chip for a population genomic analysis of 237 samples from 28 sites in the native range to evaluate its usefulness in describing patterns of genomic variation and tracing the origins of invasions. RESULTS Probes on the Aealbo chip targeted 175,396 SNPs in coding and non-coding regions across all three chromosomes, with a density of 102 SNPs per 1 Mb window, and at least one SNP in each of the 17,461 protein-coding genes. Overall, 70% of the probes captured the genetic variation. Segregation analysis found that 98% of the SNPs followed expectations of single-copy Mendelian genes. Comparisons with WGS indicated that sites with genotype disagreements were mostly heterozygotes at loci with WGS read depth < 20, while there was near complete agreement with WGS read depths > 20, indicating that the chip more accurately detects heterozygotes than low-coverage WGS. Sample sizes did not affect the accuracy of the SNP chip genotype calls. Ancestry analyses identified four to five genetic clusters in the native range with various levels of admixture. CONCLUSIONS The Aealbo chip is highly accurate, is concordant with genotypes from WGS with high sequence coverage, and may be more accurate than low-coverage WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Veiga Cosme
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA.
| | - Margaret Corley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Dave W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nigel Beebe
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland Australia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Andrew Maynard
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland Australia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mariangela Bonizzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ayda Khorramnejad
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonard E Munstermann
- Yale School of Public Health and Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, National Mosquito-Borne Disease Control Research Center & National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Isra Wahid
- Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases, Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre (HUMRC), Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Shomen Mukherjee
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes of Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jiannon Xu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Michael C Fontaine
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabet L Estallo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET CCT Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brendan H Carter
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tuno
- Laboratory of Ecology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Kim A Medley
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Roger Eritja
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain
| | | | - Huynh T T Trang
- Department of Medical Entomology and Zoonotics, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ann-Marie Abunyewa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Kayleigh Hackett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Tina Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Justin Nguyễn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Peter Armbruster
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
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Day CA, Byrd BD, Trout Fryxell RT. La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease: the kids are not alright. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1165-1182. [PMID: 37862102 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common cause of neuroinvasive mosquito-borne disease in children within the United States. Despite more than 50 years of recognized endemicity in the United States, the true burden of LACV disease is grossly underappreciated, and there remain severe knowledge gaps that inhibit public health interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Long-standing deficiencies in disease surveillance, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, actionable entomologic and environmental risk indices, case response capacity, public awareness, and availability of community support groups clearly frame LACV disease as neglected. Here we synthesize salient prior research and contextualize our findings as an assessment of current gaps and opportunities to develop a framework to prevent, detect, and respond to LACV disease. The persistent burdens of LACV disease clearly require renewed public health attention, policy, and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Day
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brian D Byrd
- Environmental Health Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
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Yeo H, Tan HZ, Tang Q, Tan TRH, Puniamoorthy N, Rheindt FE. Dense residential areas promote gene flow in dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus. iScience 2023; 26:107577. [PMID: 37680477 PMCID: PMC10481301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a successful disease vector due to its ability to survive in a wide range of habitats. Despite its ubiquity and impact on public health, little is known about its differential gene flow capabilities across different city habitats. We obtained a comprehensive dataset of >27,000 genome-wide DNA markers across 105 wild-caught Ae. albopictus individuals from Singapore, a dengue-endemic tropical city with heterogeneous landscapes from densely populated urban areas to forests. Despite Singapore's challenging small-scale heterogeneity, our landscape-genomic approach indicated that dense urban areas are characterized by higher Aedes gene flow rates than managed parks and forests. We documented the incidence of Wolbachia infections of Ae. albopictus involving two strains (wAlbA and wAlbB). Our results dispel the misconception that substantial dispersal of Ae. albopictus is limited to urban greenery, with wide implications for vector management and critical insights into urban planning strategies to combat dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhen Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tyrone Ren Hao Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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Hollingsworth BD, Grubaugh ND, Lazzaro BP, Murdock CC. Leveraging insect-specific viruses to elucidate mosquito population structure and dynamics. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011588. [PMID: 37651317 PMCID: PMC10470969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of mosquito ecology that are important for vectored disease transmission and control have been difficult to measure at epidemiologically important scales in the field. In particular, the ability to describe mosquito population structure and movement rates has been hindered by difficulty in quantifying fine-scale genetic variation among populations. The mosquito virome represents a possible avenue for quantifying population structure and movement rates across multiple spatial scales. Mosquito viromes contain a diversity of viruses, including several insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and "core" viruses that have high prevalence across populations. To date, virome studies have focused on viral discovery and have only recently begun examining viral ecology. While nonpathogenic ISVs may be of little public health relevance themselves, they provide a possible route for quantifying mosquito population structure and dynamics. For example, vertically transmitted viruses could behave as a rapidly evolving extension of the host's genome. It should be possible to apply established analytical methods to appropriate viral phylogenies and incidence data to generate novel approaches for estimating mosquito population structure and dispersal over epidemiologically relevant timescales. By studying the virome through the lens of spatial and genomic epidemiology, it may be possible to investigate otherwise cryptic aspects of mosquito ecology. A better understanding of mosquito population structure and dynamics are key for understanding mosquito-borne disease ecology and methods based on ISVs could provide a powerful tool for informing mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Hollingsworth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-borne Diseases, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Wei Y, He S, Wang J, Fan P, He Y, Hu K, Chen Y, Zhou G, Zhong D, Zheng X. Genome-wide SNPs reveal novel patterns of spatial genetic structure in Aedes albopictus (Diptera Culicidae) population in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1028026. [PMID: 36438226 PMCID: PMC9685676 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the second half of the 20th century, Aedes albopictus, a vector for more than 20 arboviruses, has spread worldwide. Aedes albopictus is the main vector of infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in China, and it has caused concerns regarding public health. A comprehensive understanding of the spatial genetic structure of this vector species at a genomic level is essential for effective vector control and the prevention of vector-borne diseases. Methods During 2016-2018, adult female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected from eight different geographical locations across China. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used for high-throughput identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyping of the Ae. albopictus population. The spatial genetic structure was analyzed and compared to those exhibited by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and microsatellites in the Ae. albopictus population. Results A total of 9,103 genome-wide SNP loci in 101 specimens and 32 haplotypes of cox1 in 231 specimens were identified in the samples from eight locations in China. Principal component analysis revealed that samples from Lingshui and Zhanjiang were more genetically different than those from the other locations. The SNPs provided a better resolution and stronger signals for novel spatial population genetic structures than those from the cox1 data and a set of previously genotyped microsatellites. The fixation indexes from the SNP dataset showed shallow but significant genetic differentiation in the population. The Mantel test indicated a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. However, the asymmetric gene flow was detected among the populations, and it was higher from south to north and west to east than in the opposite directions. Conclusions The genome-wide SNPs revealed seven gene pools and fine spatial genetic structure of the Ae. albopictus population in China. The RAD-seq approach has great potential to increase our understanding of the spatial dynamics of population spread and establishment, which will help us to design new strategies for controlling vectors and mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song He
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiatian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xueli Zheng
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Bridging landscape ecology and urban science to respond to the rising threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1601-1616. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang HD, Gao J, Li CX, Ma Z, Liu Y, Wang G, Liu Q, Xing D, Guo XX, Zhao T, Jiang YT, Dong YD, Zhao TY. Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Aedes albopictus in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1950. [PMID: 36360187 PMCID: PMC9690033 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is an indigenous primary vector of dengue and Zika viruses in China. Understanding the population spatial genetic structure, migration, and gene flow of vector species is critical to effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. The genetic variation and population structure of Ae. albopictus populations collected from 22 cities along the Yangtze River Basin were investigated with nine microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial CoxI gene. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.534 to 0.871. The observed number of alleles (Na) values ranged from 5.455 to 11.455, and the effective number of alleles (Ne) values ranged from 3.106 to 4.041. The Shannon Index (I) ranged from 1.209 to 1.639. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) values ranged from 0.487 to 0.545. The FIS value ranged from 0.047 to 0.212. All Ae. albopictus populations were adequately allocated to three clades with significant genetic differences. Haplotype 2 is the most primitive molecular type and forms 26 other haplotypes after one or more site mutations. The rapid expansion of high-speed rail, aircraft routes and highways along the Yangtze River Basin have accelerated the dispersal and communication of mosquitoes, which appears to have contributed to inhibited population differentiation and promoted genetic diversity among Ae. albopictus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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A literature review of dispersal pathways of Aedes albopictus across different spatial scales: implications for vector surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:303. [PMID: 36030291 PMCID: PMC9420301 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive species and an important vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Indigenous to Southeast Asia, Ae. albopictus has successfully invaded every inhabited continent, except Antarctica, in the past 80 years. Vector surveillance and control at points of entry (PoE) is the most critical front line of defence against the introduction of Ae. albopictus to new areas. Identifying the pathways by which Ae. albopictus are introduced is the key to implementing effective vector surveillance to rapidly detect introductions and to eliminate them. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify studies and data sources reporting the known and suspected dispersal pathways of human-mediated Ae. albopictus dispersal between 1940-2020. Studies and data sources reporting the first introduction of Ae. albopictus in a new country were selected for data extraction and analyses. RESULTS Between 1940-2020, Ae. albopictus was reported via various dispersal pathways into 86 new countries. Two main dispersal pathways were identified: (1) at global and continental spatial scales, maritime sea transport was the main dispersal pathway for Ae. albopictus into new countries in the middle to late 20th Century, with ships carrying used tyres of particular importance during the 1980s and 1990s, and (2) at continental and national spatial scales, the passive transportation of Ae. albopictus in ground vehicles and to a lesser extent the trade of used tyres and maritime sea transport appear to be the major drivers of Ae. albopictus dispersal into new countries, especially in Europe. Finally, the dispersal pathways for the introduction and spread of Ae. albopictus in numerous countries remains unknown, especially from the 1990s onwards. CONCLUSIONS This review identified the main known and suspected dispersal pathways of human-mediated Ae. albopictus dispersal leading to the first introduction of Ae. albopictus into new countries and highlighted gaps in our understanding of Ae. albopictus dispersal pathways. Relevant advances in vector surveillance and genomic tracking techniques are presented and discussed in the context of improving vector surveillance.
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Vavassori L, Honnen AC, Saarman N, Caccone A, Müller P. Multiple introductions and overwintering shape the progressive invasion of Aedes albopictus beyond the Alps. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9138. [PMID: 35903757 PMCID: PMC9313497 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus originates from Southeast Asia and is considered one of the most invasive species globally. This mosquito is a nuisance and a disease vector of significant public health relevance. In Europe, Ae. albopictus is firmly established and widespread south of the Alps, a mountain range that forms a formidable biogeographic barrier to many organisms. Recent reports of Ae. albopictus north of the Alps raise questions of (1) the origins of its recent invasion, and (2) if this mosquito has established overwintering populations north of the Alps. To answer these questions, we analyzed population genomic data from >4000 genome‐wide SNPs obtained through double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. We collected SNP data from specimens from six sites in Switzerland, north and south of the Alps, and analyzed them together with specimens from other 33 European sites, five from the Americas, and five from its Asian native range. At a global level, we detected four genetic clusters with specimens from Indonesia, Brazil, and Japan as the most differentiated, whereas specimens from Europe, Hong Kong, and USA largely overlapped. Across the Alps, we detected a weak genetic structure and high levels of genetic admixture, supporting a scenario of rapid and human‐aided dispersal along transportation routes. While the genetic pattern suggests frequent re‐introductions into Switzerland from Italian sources, the recovery of a pair of full siblings in two consecutive years in Strasbourg, France, suggests the presence of an overwintering population north of the Alps. The suggestion of overwintering populations of Ae. albopictus north of the Alps and the expansion patterns identified points to an increased risk of further northward expansion and the need for increased surveillance of mosquito populations in Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vavassori
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland.,University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Ann-Christin Honnen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland.,University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Present address: Kantonales Laboratorium Basel-Stadt Basel Switzerland
| | - Norah Saarman
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Pie Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland.,University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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11
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Carrazco-Montalvo A, Ponce P, Villota SD, Quentin E, Muñoz-Tobar S, Coloma J, Cevallos V. Establishment, Genetic Diversity, and Habitat Suitability of Aedes albopictus Populations from Ecuador. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030305. [PMID: 35323603 PMCID: PMC8950245 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a vector of multiple viral diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to understand its distribution and the genetic diversity of Ecuadorian populations. This study used a genetic marker to understand aspects of the dynamics of the Ecuadorian populations of Aedes albopictus from five sites along the coastal, Amazon basin, and Andean lowland regions. Our results evidence two haplotypes within the Ecuadorian populations. Haplotype 1 was found in the coastal regions and Amazon basin, while haplotype 2 was found in the northeastern lowlands. Worldwide, haplotype 1 has been found in 21 countries in temperate and tropical habitats, and haplotype 2 has been found in five countries in tropical habitats. Hence, a difference in adaptation traits could be speculated between both haplotypes. Our study presents a prediction model that shows the suitable habitats for Aedes albopictus in Ecuador. Our results showed that the vector could spread through all country regions, including the Galapagos Islands. Thus, understanding the different aspects of the local populations can help establish better vector surveillance and control strategies. Abstract Aedes albopictus, also known as the tiger mosquito, is widespread worldwide across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. This insect is associated with the transmission of several vector-borne diseases, and, as such, monitoring its distribution is highly important for public health. In Ecuador, Ae. albopictus was first reported in 2017 in Guayaquil. Since then, the vector has been identified in the Northeastern lowlands and the Amazon basin. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of Ecuadorian populations of Ae. albopictus through the analysis of the mitochondrial gene COI and to describe the potential distribution areas of this species within the country. The genetic diversity was determined by combining phylogenetic and population genetics analyses of five localities in Ecuador. Results showed two haplotypes in the Ecuadorian populations of Ae. albopictus. Haplotype 1 (H1) was found in the coastal and Amazon individuals, while haplotype 2 (H2) was only found in the three northeastern lowlands sites. In a worldwide context, H1 is the most widespread in 21 countries with temperate and tropical habitats. In contrast, H2 distribution is limited to five countries in tropical regions, suggesting fewer adaptation traits. Our prediction model showed a suitable habitat for Ae. albopictus in all regions (coastal, Amazon basin, and Andean lowland regions and the Galápagos Islands) of Ecuador. Hence, understanding different aspects of the vector can help us implement better control strategies for surveillance and vectorial control in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Carrazco-Montalvo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (S.D.V.); (S.M.-T.)
| | - Patricio Ponce
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (S.D.V.); (S.M.-T.)
| | - Stephany D. Villota
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (S.D.V.); (S.M.-T.)
| | - Emmanuelle Quentin
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica Centro, Universidad UTE, Área Geomática-Matemática, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Sofía Muñoz-Tobar
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (S.D.V.); (S.M.-T.)
- Sección Invertebrados, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito 170135, Ecuador
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA;
| | - Varsovia Cevallos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (S.D.V.); (S.M.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Lab-scale characterization and semi-field trials of Wolbachia Strain wAlbB in a Taiwan Wolbachia introgressed Ae. aegypti strain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010084. [PMID: 35015769 PMCID: PMC8752028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of the most severe viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with traditional approaches of disease control proving insufficient to prevent significant disease burden. Release of Wolbachia-transinfected mosquitoes offers a promising alternative control methodologies; Wolbachia-transinfected female Aedes aegypti demonstrate reduced dengue virus transmission, whilst Wolbachia-transinfected males cause zygotic lethality when crossed with uninfected females, providing a method for suppressing mosquito populations. Although highly promising, the delicate nature of population control strategies and differences between local species populations means that controlled releases of Wolbachia-transinfected mosquitoes cannot be performed without extensive testing on specific local Ae. aegypti populations. In order to investigate the potential for using Wolbachia to suppress local Ae. aegypti populations in Taiwan, we performed lab-based and semi-field fitness trials. We first transinfected the Wolbachia strain wAlbB into a local Ae. aegypti population (wAlbB-Tw) and found no significant changes in lifespan, fecundity and fertility when compared to controls. In the laboratory, we found that as the proportion of released male mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia was increased, population suppression could reach up to 100%. Equivalent experiments in semi-field experiments found suppression rates of up to 70%. The release of different ratios of wAlbB-Tw males in the semi-field system provided an estimate of the optimal size of male releases. Our results indicate that wAlbB-Tw has significant potential for use in vector control strategies aimed at Ae. aegypti population suppression in Taiwan. Open field release trials are now necessary to confirm that wAlbB-Tw mediated suppression is feasible in natural environments.
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13
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Improving mosquito control strategies with population genomics. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:907-921. [PMID: 34074606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control strategies increasingly apply knowledge from population genomics research. This review highlights recent applications to three research domains: mosquito invasions, insecticide resistance evolution, and rear and release programs. Current research trends follow developments in reference assemblies, either as improvements to existing assemblies (particularly Aedes) or assemblies for new taxa (particularly Anopheles). With improved assemblies, studies of invasive and rear and release target populations are better able to incorporate adaptive as well as demographic hypotheses. New reference assemblies are aiding comparisons of insecticide resistance across sister taxa while helping resolve taxon boundaries amidst frequent introgression. Anopheles gene drive deployments and improved Aedes genome assemblies should lead to a convergence in research aims for Anopheles and Aedes in the coming years.
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14
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Schmidt TL, Swan T, Chung J, Karl S, Demok S, Yang Q, Field MA, Muzari MO, Ehlers G, Brugh M, Bellwood R, Horne P, Burkot TR, Ritchie S, Hoffmann AA. Spatial population genomics of a recent mosquito invasion. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1174-1189. [PMID: 33421231 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Population genomic approaches can characterize dispersal across a single generation through to many generations in the past, bridging the gap between individual movement and intergenerational gene flow. These approaches are particularly useful when investigating dispersal in recently altered systems, where they provide a way of inferring long-distance dispersal between newly established populations and their interactions with existing populations. Human-mediated biological invasions represent such altered systems which can be investigated with appropriate study designs and analyses. Here we apply temporally restricted sampling and a range of population genomic approaches to investigate dispersal in a 2004 invasion of Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) in the Torres Strait Islands (TSI) of Australia. We sampled mosquitoes from 13 TSI villages simultaneously and genotyped 373 mosquitoes at genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 331 from the TSI, 36 from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and four incursive mosquitoes detected in uninvaded regions. Within villages, spatial genetic structure varied substantially but overall displayed isolation by distance and a neighbourhood size of 232-577. Close kin dyads revealed recent movement between islands 31-203 km apart, and deep learning inferences showed incursive Ae. albopictus had travelled to uninvaded regions from both adjacent and nonadjacent islands. Private alleles and a co-ancestry matrix indicated direct gene flow from PNG into nearby islands. Outlier analyses also detected four linked alleles introgressed from PNG, with the alleles surrounding 12 resistance-associated cytochrome P450 genes. By treating dispersal as both an intergenerational process and a set of discrete events, we describe a highly interconnected invasive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schmidt
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Swan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephan Karl
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Samuel Demok
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt A Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mutizwa Odwell Muzari
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Ehlers
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew Brugh
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney Bellwood
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Horne
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital & Health Services, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas R Burkot
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Gao J, Zhang HD, Guo XX, Xing D, Dong YD, Lan CJ, Wang G, Li CJ, Li CX, Zhao TY. Dispersal patterns and population genetic structure of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in three different climatic regions of China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 33407824 PMCID: PMC7789686 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes albopictus is an indigenous primary vector for dengue and Zika viruses in China. Compared with its insecticide resistance, biology and vector competence, little is known about its genetic variation, which corresponds to environmental variations. Thus, the present study examines how Ae. albopictus varies among different climatic regions in China and deciphers its potential dispersal patterns. Methods The genetic variation and population structure of 17 Ae. albopictus populations collected from three climatic regions of China were investigated with 11 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial coxI gene. Results Of 44 isolated microsatellite markers, 11 pairs were chosen for genotyping analysis and had an average PIC value of 0.713, representing high polymorphism. The number of alleles was high in each population, with the ne value increasing from the temperate region (3.876) to the tropical region (4.144). Twenty-five coxI haplotypes were detected, and the highest diversity was observed in the tropical region. The mean Ho value (ca. 0.557) of all the regions was significantly lower than the mean He value (ca. 0.684), with nearly all populations significantly departing from HWE and displaying significant population expansion (p value < 0.05). Two genetically isolated groups and three haplotype clades were evaluated via STRUCTURE and haplotype phylogenetic analyses, and the tropical populations were significantly isolated from those in the other regions. Most genetic variation in Ae. albopictus was detected within populations and individuals at 31.40 and 63.04%, respectively, via the AMOVA test, and a relatively significant positive correlation was observed among only the temperate populations via IBD analysis (R2 = 0.6614, p = 0.048). Recent dispersions were observed among different Ae. albopictus populations, and four major migration trends with high gene flow (Nm > 0.4) were reconstructed between the tropical region and the other two regions. Environmental factors, especially temperature and rainfall, may be the leading causes of genetic diversity in different climatic regions. Conclusions Continuous dispersion contributes to the genetic communication of Ae. albopictus populations across different climatic regions, and environmental factors, especially temperature and rainfall, may be the leading causes of genetic variation. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Heng-Duan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan-De Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ce-Jie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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16
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Schmidt TL, Chung J, van Rooyen AR, Sly A, Weeks AR, Hoffmann AA. Incursion pathways of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) into Australia contrast sharply with those of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4202-4209. [PMID: 32592440 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding pest incursion pathways is critical for preventing new invasions and for stopping the transfer of alleles that reduce the efficacy of local control methods. The mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) are both highly invasive disease vectors, and through a series of ongoing international incursions are continuing to colonize new regions and spread insecticide resistance alleles among established populations. This study uses high-resolution molecular markers and a set of 241 reference genotypes to trace incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus into mainland Australia, where no successful invasions have yet been observed. We contrast these results with incursion pathways of Ae. aegypti, investigated previously. RESULTS Assignments successfully identified China, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan as source locations. Incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus were entirely different to those of Ae. aegypti, despite broad sympatry of these species throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Incursions of Ae. albopictus appeared to have come predominantly along marine routes from key trading locations, while Ae. aegypti was mostly linked to aerial routes from tourism hotspots. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate how genomics can help decipher otherwise cryptic incursion pathways. The inclusion of reference genotypes from the Americas may help resolve some unsuccessful assignments. While many congeneric taxa will share common incursion pathways, this study highlights that this is not always the case, and incursion pathways of important taxa should be specifically investigated. Species differences in aerial and marine incursion rates may reflect the efficacy of ongoing control programmes such as aircraft disinsection. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schmidt
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Angus Sly
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane Airport, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Weeks
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- cesar Pty. Ltd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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17
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Crossley MS, Snyder WE. What Is the Spatial Extent of a Bemisia tabaci Population? INSECTS 2020; 11:E813. [PMID: 33218155 PMCID: PMC7698913 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective pest management depends on basic knowledge about insect dispersal patterns and gene flow in agroecosystems. The globally invasive sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered a weak flier whose life history nonetheless predisposes it to frequent dispersal, but the scale over which populations exchange migrants, and should therefore be managed, is uncertain. In this review, we synthesize the emergent literature on B. tabaci population genetics to address the question: What spatial scales define B. tabaci populations? We find that within-species genetic differentiation among sites is often low, and evidence of population structuring by host plant or geography is rare. Heterozygote deficits prevail among populations, indicating that migrants from divergent populations are frequently sampled together. Overall, these results suggest that there is high ongoing gene flow over large spatial extents. However, genetic homogeneity typical of recently invading populations could obscure power to detect real isolation among populations. Genome-wide data collected systematically across space and time could distinguish signatures of invasion history from those of ongoing gene flow. Characterizing the spatial extent of B. tabaci populations could reveal whether insecticide rotations can be tailored to specific commodities or if coordination across linked commodities and regions is justified.
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Taylor AT, Bangs MR, Long JM. Sibship reconstruction with SNPs illuminates the scope of a cryptic invasion of Asian Swamp Eels (Monopterus albus) in Georgia, USA. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Multini LC, de Souza ALDS, Marrelli MT, Wilke ABB. The influence of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure and diversity of the malaria vector Anopheles cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18018. [PMID: 33093465 PMCID: PMC7581522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of natural environments as a result of human interference has been associated with a decrease in species richness and increase in abundance of a few species that have adapted to these environments. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which has been undergoing an intense process of fragmentation and deforestation caused by human-made changes to the environment, is an important hotspot for malaria transmission. The main vector of simian and human malaria in this biome is the mosquito Anopheles cruzii. Anthropogenic processes reduce the availability of natural resources at the tree canopies, An. cruzii primary habitat. As a consequence, An. cruzii moves to the border of the Atlantic Forest nearing urban areas seeking resources, increasing their contact with humans in the process. We hypothesized that different levels of anthropogenic changes to the environment can be an important factor in driving the genetic structure and diversity in An. cruzii populations. Five different hypotheses using a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design were tested to assess genetic structure in sympatric An. cruzii populations and microevolutionary processes driving these populations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to assess microgeographic genetic structure in An. cruzii populations in a low-endemicity area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Our results show an overall weak genetic structure among the populations, indicating a high gene flow system. However, our results also pointed to the presence of significant genetic structure between sympatric An. cruzii populations collected at ground and tree-canopy habitats in the urban environment and higher genetic variation in the ground-level population. This indicates that anthropogenic modifications leading to habitat fragmentation and a higher genetic diversity and structure in ground-level populations could be driving the behavior of An. cruzii, ultimately increasing its contact with humans. Understanding how anthropogenic changes in natural areas affect An. cruzii is essential for the development of more effective mosquito control strategies and, on a broader scale, for malaria-elimination efforts in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Multini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Sherpa S, Renaud J, Guéguen M, Besnard G, Mouyon L, Rey D, Després L. Landscape does matter: Disentangling founder effects from natural and human-aided post-introduction dispersal during an ongoing biological invasion. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2027-2042. [PMID: 32597498 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental features impacting the spread of invasive species after introduction can be assessed using population genetic structure as a quantitative estimation of effective dispersal at the landscape scale. However, in the case of an ongoing biological invasion, deciphering whether genetic structure represents landscape connectivity or founder effects is particularly challenging. We examined the modes of dispersal (natural and human-aided) and the factors (landscape or founders history) shaping genetic structure in range edge invasive populations of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, in the region of Grenoble (Southeast France). Based on detailed occupancy-detection data and environmental variables (climatic, topographic and land-cover), we modelled A. albopictus potential suitable area and its expansion history since first introduction. The relative role of dispersal modes was estimated using biological dispersal capabilities and landscape genetics approaches using genome-wide SNP dataset. We demonstrate that both natural and human-aided dispersal have promoted the expansion of populations. Populations in diffuse urban areas, representing highly suitable habitat for A. albopictus, tend to disperse less, while roads facilitate long-distance dispersal. Yet, demographic bottlenecks during introduction played a major role in shaping the genetic variability of these range edge populations. The present study is one of the few investigating the role of founder effects and ongoing expansion processes in shaping spatial patterns of genetic variation in an invasive species at the landscape scale. The combination of several dispersal modes and large proportions of continuous suitable habitats for A. albopictus promoted range filling of almost its entire potential distribution in the region of Grenoble only few years after introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Sherpa
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Besnard
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône Alpes pour la Démoustication (EID), Chindrieux, France
| | - Loic Mouyon
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône Alpes pour la Démoustication (EID), Chindrieux, France
| | - Delphine Rey
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône Alpes pour la Démoustication (EID), Chindrieux, France
| | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
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Schmidt TL, Chung J, Honnen AC, Weeks AR, Hoffmann AA. Population genomics of two invasive mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) from the Indo-Pacific. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008463. [PMID: 32678817 PMCID: PMC7390453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Ae. albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) are both common throughout the Indo-Pacific region, where 70% of global dengue transmission occurs. For Ae. aegypti all Indo-Pacific populations are invasive, having spread from an initial native range of Africa, while for Ae. albopictus the Indo-Pacific includes invasive populations and those from the native range: putatively, India to Japan to Southeast Asia. This study analyses the population genomics of 480 of these mosquitoes sampled from 27 locations in the Indo-Pacific. We investigated patterns of genome-wide genetic differentiation to compare pathways of invasion and ongoing gene flow in both species, and to compare invasive and native-range populations of Ae. albopictus. We also tested landscape genomic hypotheses that genetic differentiation would increase with geographical distance and be lower between locations with high connectivity to human transportation routes, the primary means of dispersal at these scales. We found that genetic distances were generally higher in Ae. aegypti, with Pacific populations the most highly differentiated. The most differentiated Ae. albopictus populations were in Vanuatu, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, the latter two representing potential native-range populations and potential cryptic subspeciation respectively. Genetic distances in Ae. aegypti increased with geographical distance, while in Ae. albopictus they decreased with higher connectivity to human transportation routes. Contrary to the situation in Ae. aegypti, we found evidence of long-distance Ae. albopictus colonisation events, including colonisation of Mauritius from East Asia and of Fiji from Southeast Asia. These direct genomic comparisons indicate likely differences in dispersal ecology in these species, despite their broadly sympatric distributions and similar use of human transport to disperse. Our findings will assist biosecurity operations to trace the source of invasive material and for biocontrol operations that benefit from matching genetic backgrounds of released and local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Schmidt
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann-Christin Honnen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- cesar Pty Ltd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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The Asian tiger mosquito in Brazil: Observations on biology and ecological interactions since its first detection in 1986. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105386. [PMID: 32027837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito originating from the Asian continent, which was detected in the Americas in 1985 and Brazil in 1986. Due to its rapid expansion throughout Brazil, this species has already been reported in 26 of the 27 federative units of Brazil. In this review, we evaluate some of the biological, epidemiological and ecological characteristics of Ae. albopictus through critical analysis of their importance in the pathogen transmission dynamics, since its first record in the country. We show that immature forms of this species are frequently found in artificial breeding sites whereas females exhibit anthropophilic behavior despite its eclecticism on blood feeding. In addition, Ae. albopictus shows advantages in interspecific competition with Ae. aegypti for both immature and adult stages. Taking together, these aspects as well as its vector competence indicate that Ae. albopictus could act as a bridge vector between sylvatic and urban pathogen transmission cycles. We conclude by pointing to the need of continuous surveillance of Ae. albopictus in Brazil and raise several questions that still need to be answered.
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Latreille AC, Milesi P, Magalon H, Mavingui P, Atyame CM. High genetic diversity but no geographical structure of Aedes albopictus populations in Réunion Island. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:597. [PMID: 31856896 PMCID: PMC6924041 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has emerged as a species of major medical concern following its global expansion and involvement in many arbovirus outbreaks. On Réunion Island, Ae. albopictus was responsible for a large chikungunya outbreak in 2005–2006 and more recently an epidemic of dengue which began at the end of 2017 and is still ongoing at the time of writing. This dengue epidemic has seen a high number of human cases in south and west coastal regions, while few cases have been reported in the north and east of the island. To better understand the role of mosquito populations in such spatial patterns of dengue virus transmission in Réunion Island, we examined the genetic diversity and population structure of Ae. albopictus sampled across the island. Results Between November 2016 and March 2017, a total of 564 mosquitoes were collected from 19 locations in three main climatic regions (West, East and Center) of Réunion Island and were genotyped using 16 microsatellite loci. A high genetic diversity was observed with 2–15 alleles per locus and the average number of alleles per population varying between 4.70–5.90. Almost all FIS values were significantly positive and correlated to individual relatedness within populations using a hierarchical clustering approach based on principal components analyses (HCPC). However, the largest part of genetic variance was among individuals within populations (97%) while only 3% of genetic variance was observed among populations within regions. Therefore, no distinguishable population structure or isolation by distance was evidenced, suggesting high rates of gene flow at the island scale. Conclusions Our results show high genetic diversity but no genetic structure of Ae. albopictus populations in Réunion Island thus reflecting frequent movements of mosquitoes between populations probably due to human activity. These data should help in the understanding of Ae. albopictus vector capacity and the design of effective mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Latreille
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hélène Magalon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR ENTROPIE "Ecologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien", CNRS-IRD-Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Célestine M Atyame
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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24
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Motoki MT, Fonseca DM, Miot EF, Demari-Silva B, Thammavong P, Chonephetsarath S, Phommavanh N, Hertz JC, Kittayapong P, Brey PT, Marcombe S. Population genetics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in its native range in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:477. [PMID: 31610813 PMCID: PMC6792217 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an important worldwide invasive species and can be a locally important vector of chikungunya, dengue and, potentially, Zika. This species is native to Southeast Asia where populations thrive in both temperate and tropical climates. A better understanding of the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR is very important in order to support the implementation of strategies for diseases prevention and vector control. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability of Ae. albopictus across a north-south transect in Lao PDR. METHODS We used variability in a 1337-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), to assess the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR. For context, we also examined variability at the same genetic locus in samples of Ae. albopictus from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA. RESULTS We observed very high levels of genetic polymorphism with 46 novel haplotypes in Ae. albopictus from 9 localities in Lao PDR and Thailand populations. Significant differences were observed between the Luangnamtha population and other locations in Lao PDR. However, we found no evidence of isolation by distance. There was overall little genetic structure indicating ongoing and frequent gene flow among populations or a recent population expansion. Indeed, the neutrality test supported population expansion in Laotian Ae. albopictus and mismatch distribution analyses showed a lack of low frequency alleles, a pattern often seen in bottlenecked populations. When samples from Lao PDR were analyzed together with samples from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA, phylogenetic network and Bayesian cluster analysis showed that most populations from tropical/subtropical regions are more genetically related to each other, than populations from temperate regions. Similarly, most populations from temperate regions are more genetically related to each other, than those from tropical/subtropical regions. CONCLUSIONS Aedes albopictus in Lao PDR are genetically related to populations from tropical/subtropical regions (i.e. Thailand, Singapore, and California and Texas in the USA). The extensive gene flow among locations in Lao PDR indicates that local control is undermined by repeated introductions from untreated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Tiemi Motoki
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. .,Vysnova Partners Inc., Landover, MD, USA. .,Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA.
| | - Dina Madera Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology and Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elliott Frederic Miot
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France.,Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2000, Paris, France
| | - Bruna Demari-Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Somsanith Chonephetsarath
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Nothasine Phommavanh
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | | | - Paul Trevor Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Sebastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
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25
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Multini LC, de Souza ALDS, Marrelli MT, Wilke ABB. Population structuring of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on a microgeographic scale. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220773. [PMID: 31374109 PMCID: PMC6677317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species that has spread globally and can transmit several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. The species was first reported in Brazil in 1986 and since then has been found in 24 of the 27 Brazilian states, often in peri-urban environments close to highly urbanized areas. To date, population genetics of this important mosquito in areas in the city of São Paulo has not been investigated. In this study, we used 12 microsatellite loci to investigate the microgeographic population genetics of Ae. albopictus, which is present throughout the city of São Paulo. All the analyses revealed structuring of the populations studied, divided into two groups with restricted gene flow between them and without evidence of isolation by distance. We propose two hypotheses to explain the results: (i) low dispersal capability—limited gene flow between populations is due to the low dispersal capability inherent to Ae. albopictus; and (ii) multiple introductions—the structure identified here results from multiple introductions, which led to different dispersal patterns within the city and more genetic heterogeneity. The ability of Ae. albopictus to invade new areas and expand may explain why these mosquito populations appear to be well established and thriving in the city of São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Multini
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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26
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Pichler V, Kotsakiozi P, Caputo B, Serini P, Caccone A, della Torre A. Complex interplay of evolutionary forces shaping population genomic structure of invasive Aedes albopictus in southern Europe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007554. [PMID: 31437154 PMCID: PMC6705758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last four decades, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, vector of several human arboviruses, has spread from its native range in South-East Asia to all over the world, largely through the transportation of its eggs via the international trade in used tires. Albania was the first country invaded in Europe in 1979, followed by Italy in 1990 and other Mediterranean countries after 2000. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We here inferred the invasion history and migration patterns of Ae. albopictus in Italy (today the most heavily-infested country in Europe), Greece and Albania, by analyzing a panel of >100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained by sequencing of double-digest Restriction site-Associated DNA (ddRADseq). The obtained dataset was combined with samples previously analyzed from both the native and invasive range worldwide to interpret the results using a broader spatial and historical context. The emerging evolutionary scenario complements the results of other studies in showing that the extraordinary worldwide expansion of Ae. albopictus has occurred thanks to multiple independent invasions by large numbers of colonists from multiple geographic locations in both native and previously invaded areas, consistently with the role of used tires shipments to move large numbers of eggs worldwide. By analyzing mosquitoes from nine sites across ~1,000-km transect in Italy, we were able to detect a complex interplay of drift, isolation by distance mediated divergence, and gene flow in shaping the species very recent invasion and range expansion, suggesting overall high connectivity, likely due to passive transportation of adults via ground transportation, as well as specific adaptations to local conditions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Results contribute to characterize one of the most successful histories of animal invasion, and could be used as a baseline for future studies to track epidemiologically relevant characters (e.g. insecticide resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratorio affiliato Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma ‘Sapienza’, Roma, Italia
| | - Panayiota Kotsakiozi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratorio affiliato Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma ‘Sapienza’, Roma, Italia
| | - Paola Serini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratorio affiliato Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma ‘Sapienza’, Roma, Italia
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratorio affiliato Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma ‘Sapienza’, Roma, Italia
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27
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Incompatible and sterile insect techniques combined eliminate mosquitoes. Nature 2019; 572:56-61. [PMID: 31316207 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) has successfully suppressed field populations of several insect pest species, but its effect on mosquito vector control has been limited. The related incompatible insect technique (IIT)-which uses sterilization caused by the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia-is a promising alternative, but can be undermined by accidental release of females infected with the same Wolbachia strain as the released males. Here we show that combining incompatible and sterile insect techniques (IIT-SIT) enables near elimination of field populations of the world's most invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus. Millions of factory-reared adult males with an artificial triple-Wolbachia infection were released, with prior pupal irradiation of the released mosquitoes to prevent unintentionally released triply infected females from successfully reproducing in the field. This successful field trial demonstrates the feasibility of area-wide application of combined IIT-SIT for mosquito vector control.
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28
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Jasper M, Schmidt TL, Ahmad NW, Sinkins SP, Hoffmann AA. A genomic approach to inferring kinship reveals limited intergenerational dispersal in the yellow fever mosquito. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1254-1264. [PMID: 31125998 PMCID: PMC6790672 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding past dispersal and breeding events can provide insight into ecology and evolution and can help inform strategies for conservation and the control of pest species. However, parent-offspring dispersal can be difficult to investigate in rare species and in small pest species such as mosquitoes. Here, we develop a methodology for estimating parent-offspring dispersal from the spatial distribution of close kin, using pairwise kinship estimates derived from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were scored in 162 Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) collected from eight close-set, high-rise apartment buildings in an area of Malaysia with high dengue incidence. We used the SNPs to reconstruct kinship groups across three orders of kinship. We transformed the geographical distances between all kin pairs within each kinship category into axial standard deviations of these distances, then decomposed these into components representing past dispersal events. From these components, we isolated the axial standard deviation of parent-offspring dispersal and estimated neighbourhood area (129 m), median parent-offspring dispersal distance (75 m) and oviposition dispersal radius within a gonotrophic cycle (36 m). We also analysed genetic structure using distance-based redundancy analysis and linear regression, finding isolation by distance both within and between buildings and estimating neighbourhood size at 268 individuals. These findings indicate the scale required to suppress local outbreaks of arboviral disease and to target releases of modified mosquitoes for mosquito and disease control. Our methodology is readily implementable for studies of other species, including pests and species of conservation significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Jasper
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas L Schmidt
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nazni W Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Schmidt TL, van Rooyen AR, Chung J, Endersby‐Harshman NM, Griffin PC, Sly A, Hoffmann AA, Weeks AR. Tracking genetic invasions: Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the source of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) incursions at international ports. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1136-1146. [PMID: 31297145 PMCID: PMC6597869 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are increasing globally in number and extent despite efforts to restrict their spread. Knowledge of incursion pathways is necessary to prevent new invasions and to design effective biosecurity protocols at source and recipient locations. This study uses genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine the origin of 115 incursive Aedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) detected at international ports in Australia and New Zealand. We also genotyped mosquitoes at three point mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene: V1016G, F1534C and S989P. These mutations confer knockdown resistance to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, widely used for controlling invertebrate pests. We first delineated reference populations using Ae. aegypti sampled from 15 locations in Asia, South America, Australia and the Pacific Islands. Incursives were assigned to these populations using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and an assignment test with a support vector machine predictive model. Bali, Indonesia, was the most common origin of Ae. aegypti detected in Australia, while Ae. aegypti detected in New Zealand originated from Pacific Islands such as Fiji. Most incursives had the same allelic genotype across the three Vsscgene point mutations, which confers strong resistance to synthetic pyrethroids, the only insecticide class used in current, widely implemented aircraft disinsection protocols endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Additionally, all internationally assigned Ae. aegypti had Vssc point mutations linked to pyrethroid resistance that are not found in Australian populations. These findings demonstrate that protocols for preventing introductions of invertebrates must consider insecticide resistance, and highlight the usefulness of genomic data sets for managing global biosecurity objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Schmidt
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Jessica Chung
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne BioinformaticsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Philippa C. Griffin
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Angus Sly
- Department of Agriculture and Water ResourcesBrisbane AirportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- cesar Pty LtdParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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30
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Richards SL, White AV, Byrd BD, Reiskind MH, Doyle MS. Evaluation of Insecticide Resistance in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina, 2017. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:761-773. [PMID: 30561686 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes may develop resistance to insecticide active ingredients (AIs) found in formulated products (FPs) due to environmental exposure from insecticides in mosquito control and/or unrelated to mosquito control, e.g., agricultural, household pest control. Mosquito control programs should implement resistance management strategies by assessing resistance in targeted populations, rotating different classes of insecticides based on resistance testing, and/or increasing insecticide concentration (i.e., saturation, using maximum labeled rate) to overcome emerging resistance. Resistance testing is often done solely on AIs, but should, in some cases, include both AIs and FPs at the concentrations mosquitoes may encounter in the field. The resistance/susceptibility status was determined for adulticides used in mosquito control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassays were used to assess resistance/susceptibility status for eight AIs (i.e., bifenthrin, permethrin, sumethrin/prallethrin, deltamethrin, tau-fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and naled) and eight FPs (TalStar, Biomist 3 + 15, Duet, Suspend Polyzone, Mavrik, MosquitoMist, Fyfanon, and Dibrom) that respectively contain the AIs. Current CDC guidelines were utilized: susceptible (97-100% mortality at diagnostic time [DT]), developing resistance (90-96% mortality at DT), or resistant (<90% mortality at DT). Significant differences were observed in mosquito susceptibility/resistance among and between AIs and FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Richards
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Avian V White
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Brian D Byrd
- Environmental Health Science Program, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michael S Doyle
- Division of Public Health, Communicable Disease Branch, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC
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31
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Alfonso-Parra C, Avila FW. Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020049. [PMID: 29751526 PMCID: PMC6027243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the Pacific and into the Americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in ZIKV affected areas. This prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between ZIKV and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially enhance or suppress a mosquito’s ability to become infected and/or transmit the virus. Here, we review what is currently known regarding ZIKV-mosquito molecular interactions, focusing on ZIKV infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the primary species implicated in transmitting ZIKV during the recent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Alfonso-Parra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Carerra 43A # 52 sur-99, Sabaneta 055450, Colombia.
| | - Frank W Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Sherpa S, Rioux D, Pougnet-Lagarde C, Després L. Genetic diversity and distribution differ between long-established and recently introduced populations in the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 58:145-156. [PMID: 29275191 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, native to South-eastern Asia, is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world. The spatio-temporal dynamics of its expansion through the genetic characterization of invasive populations has been challenged so far by the limited number of genetic markers variable enough to infer the genetic structure in recently invaded areas. Here we applied the double-digest Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing method (ddRADseq) to mosquitoes collected in two invaded areas, Reunion Island (12 localities) and Europe (18 localities). Analyses of genetic diversity, Bayesian clustering, Maximum Likelihood inference and isolation-by-distance tests based on 1561 genome-wide distributed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that Reunion Island and Europe form two distinct genetic clusters, supporting no contemporary gene flow and suggesting two different and independent invasion histories. Long-established populations (Reunion Island) were more genetically diverse than recently introduced European populations. The largest part of genetic variance was found at the intra-individual level (>85%) and most FIS values were positive, suggesting inbreeding at the local scale. The two invaded areas showed contrasting patterns of genetic structure. Significant isolation-by-distance was found among Reunion Island populations, suggesting that these populations are at the drift-migration equilibrium. In contrast, long-distance human-assisted transport is probably the main dispersal mechanism in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Sherpa
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Rioux
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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