1
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Akin S, Cekin N. Preeclampsia and STOX1 (storkhead-box protein 1): Molecular evaluation of STOX1 in preeclampsia. Gene 2024; 927:148742. [PMID: 38969244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is clinically defined as a part of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and multiple organ failure. PE is broadly categorized into two types: "placental" and "maternal". Placental PE is associated with fetal growth restriction and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. STOX1 (Storkhead box 1), a transcription factor, discovered through a complete transcript analysis of the PE susceptibility locus of 70,000 bp on chromosome 10q22.1. So far, studies investigating the relationship between STOX1 and PE have focused on STOX1 overexpression, STOX1 isoform imbalance, and STOX1 variations that could have clinical consequence. Initially, the Y153H variation of STOX was associated with the placental form of PE. Additionally, studies focusing on the maternal and fetal interface have shown that NODAL and STOX1 variations play a role together in the unsuccessful remodeling of the spiral arteries. Research specifically addressing the overexpression of STOX1 has shown that its disruption of cellular hemoastasis, leading to impaired hypoxia response, disruption of the cellular antioxidant system, and nitroso/redox imbalance. Furthermore, functional studies have been conducted showing that the imbalance between STOX1 isoforms contributes to the pathogenesis of placental PE. Research indicates that STOX1B competes with STOX1A and that the overexpression of STOX1B reverses cellular changes that STOX1A induces to the pathogenesis of PE. In this review, we aimed at elucidating the relationship between STOX1 and PE as well as function of STOX1. In conclusion, based on a comprehensive literature review, numerous studies support the role of STOX1 in the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Akin
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Nilgun Cekin
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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2
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Costa L, Bermudez-Guzman L, Benouda I, Laissue P, Morel A, Jiménez KM, Fournier T, Stouvenel L, Méhats C, Miralles F, Vaiman D. Linking genotype to trophoblast phenotype in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome associated with STOX1 genetic variants. iScience 2024; 27:109260. [PMID: 38439971 PMCID: PMC10910284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive pregnancy disorder with a 50% heritability. The first identified gene involved in the disease is STOX1, a transcription factor, whose variant Y153H predisposes to the disease. Two rare mutations were also identified in Colombian women affected by the hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet syndrome, a complication of preeclampsia (T188N and R364X). Here, we explore the effects of these variants in trophoblast cell models (BeWo) where STOX1 was previously invalidated. We firstly showed that STOX1 knockout alters response to oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and fusion capacity. Then, we showed that mutant versions of STOX1 trigger alterations in gene profiles, growth, fusion, and oxidative stress management. The results also reveal alterations of the STOX interaction with DNA when the mutations affected the DNA-binding domain of STOX1 (Y153H and T188N). We also reveal here that a major contributor of these effects appears to be the E2F3 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Costa
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ikram Benouda
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul Laissue
- Biopas Laboratoires, Orphan Diseases Unit, BIOPAS GROUP, Bogotá 111111, Colombia
| | - Adrien Morel
- Universidad Del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen Marcela Jiménez
- Universidad Del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S1139, Pathophysiology & Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre- & Post-natal Microbiota (3PHM), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Stouvenel
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Team ‘From Gametes To Birth’, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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3
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Alkhatib B, Salimi S, Jabari M, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Impact of Adverse Gestational Milieu on Maternal Cardiovascular Health. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad060. [PMID: 37042476 PMCID: PMC10164662 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease affects 1% to 4% of the nearly 4 million pregnancies in the United States each year and is the primary cause of pregnancy-related mortality. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with cardiovascular complications during pregnancy persisting into the postpartum period. Recently, investigations have identified an altered sex hormone milieu, such as in the case of hyperandrogenism, as a causative factor in the development of gestational cardiovascular dysfunction. The mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in postpartum women are largely unknown. Animal studies have attempted to recapitulate adverse pregnancy outcomes to investigate causal relationships and molecular underpinnings of adverse gestational cardiac events and progression to the development of cardiovascular disease postpartum. This review will focus on summarizing clinical and animal studies detailing the impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and maternal obesity, on gestational cardiometabolic dysfunction and postpartum cardiovascular disease. Specifically, we will highlight the adverse impact of gestational hyperandrogenism and its potential to serve as a biomarker for maternal gestational and postpartum cardiovascular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Alkhatib
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shadi Salimi
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Mary Jabari
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | | | - Arpita Kalla Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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4
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Horii M, To C, Morey R, Jacobs MB, Li Y, Nelson KK, Meads M, Siegel BA, Pizzo D, Adami R, Zhang-Rutledge K, Lamale-Smith L, Laurent LC, Parast MM. Histopathologic and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Novel Trophoblast Defects in Patients With Preeclampsia and Maternal Vascular Malperfusion. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100035. [PMID: 36853788 PMCID: PMC10081686 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a heterogeneous disease for which the current clinical classification system is based on the presence or absence of specific clinical features. PE-associated placentas also show heterogeneous findings on pathologic examination, suggesting that further subclassification is possible. We combined clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and transcriptomic profiling of placentas to develop integrated signatures for multiple subclasses of PE. In total, 303 PE and 1388 nonhypertensive control placentas were included. We found that maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) in the placenta was associated with preterm PE with severe features and with small-for-gestational-age neonates. Interestingly, PE placentas with either MVM or no histologic pattern of injury showed a linear decrease in proliferative (p63+) cytotrophoblast per villous area with increasing gestational age, similar to placentas obtained from the nonhypertensive patient cohort; however, PE placentas with fetal vascular malperfusion or villitis of unknown etiology lost this phenotype. This is mainly because of cases of fetal vascular malperfusion in placentas of patients with preterm PE and villitis of unknown etiology in placentas of patients with term PE, which are associated with a decrease or increase, respectively, in the cytotrophoblast per villous area. Finally, a transcriptomic analysis identified pathways associated with hypoxia, inflammation, and reduced cell proliferation in PE-MVM placentas and further subclassified this group into extravillous trophoblast-high and extravillous trophoblast-low PE, confirmed using an immunohistochemical analysis of trophoblast lineage-specific markers. Our findings suggest that within specific histopathologic patterns of placental injury, PE can be subclassified based on specific cellular and molecular defects, allowing the identification of pathways that may be targeted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cuong To
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Morey
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marni B Jacobs
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Katharine K Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Morgan Meads
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brent A Siegel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rebecca Adami
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kathy Zhang-Rutledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leah Lamale-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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5
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Sammar M, Apicella C, Altevogt P, Meiri H, Vaiman D. Modeling Preeclampsia In Vitro: Polymorphic Variants of STOX1-A/B Genes Can Downregulate CD24 in Trophoblast Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415927. [PMID: 36555567 PMCID: PMC9783292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a mucin-like immunosuppressing glycoprotein whose levels increase during pregnancy and decrease in the syncytio- and cytotrophoblasts in early and preterm preeclampsia. We used two modified cell lines that mimic in vitro features of preeclampsia to identify if this phenomenon could be reproduced. Our model was the immortalized placental-derived BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines that overexpress the STOX1 A/B transcription factor gene that was discovered in familial forms of preeclampsia. BeWo and JEG-3 cells stably transduced with the two major isoforms of STOX1-A/B or by an empty vector (control), were propagated, harvested, and analyzed. CD24 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase nuclear chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CD24 protein levels were determined by Western blots. In STOX1-A/B overexpressing in BeWo cells, CD24 mRNA was downregulated by 91 and 85%, respectively, compared to the control, and by 30% and 74%, respectively in JEG-3 cells. A 67% and 82% decrease in CD24 protein level was determined by immunoblot in BeWo overexpressing STOX1-A/B, respectively, while the reduction in JEG-3 cells was between 47 and 62%. The immortalized BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines overexpressing STOX1-A/B had reduced CD24. Although both cell lines were affected, BeWo appears to be more susceptible to downregulation by STOX-1 than JEG-3, potentially because of their different cell origin and properties. These results strengthen the in vivo results of reduced CD24 levels found in early and preterm preeclampsia. Accordingly, it implies the importance of the reduced immune tolerance in preeclampsia, which was already demonstrated in vivo in the STOX1-A/B model of preeclampsia, and is now implied in the in vitro STOX-1 model, a subject that warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marei Sammar
- Prof. Ephraim Katzir’s Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College of Engineering, 51 Snunit St., Karmiel 2161002, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-(04)-9901769; Fax: +972-(04)-99017
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institute Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Paris-Descartes Université, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, DKFZ and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hylabs, Rehovot and TeleMarpe, 21 Beit El St., Tel Aviv 6908742, Israel
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institute Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Paris-Descartes Université, 75014 Paris, France
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6
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Akin S, Pinarbasi E, Bildirici AE, Cekin N. STOX1 promotor region -922 T > C polymorphism is associated with Early-Onset preeclampsia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3464-3470. [PMID: 36369889 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2141612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), affecting 5-8% of pregnancies, is a common pregnancy disease that has harmful effects on mother and foetus. It has been found that the STOX1 (Storkhead Box 1), which is a transcription factor, carries variants associated with PE. Previous studies showed that, there was a strong relationship between PE and STOX1 variants. Therefore, we hypothesised that variants in the promoter region of the gene may be related to the onset of PE. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of STOX1 gene promoter region variants to PE. The blood samples taken from 118 PE patients and 96 healthy pregnant women were analysed by Sanger sequencing method. Sequence analysis results showed that, there is a-922 T > C polymorphism (rs884181) in the promoter region of the STOX1 gene. This polymorphism was found to be statistically significant in individuals with early onset PE (p = 0.02) and in PE (p = 0.014) compared to the control group.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? As a result of whole-exon studies on the STOX1 gene, polymorphisms were found to disrupt the structure/expression/function of the gene and strengthen its relationship with PE and HELLP syndrome. A previous study by our team found an association between Y153H, the most common polymorphism of STOX1, and early onset PE.What do the results of this study add? In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of genetic modifications in STOX1 gene promoter region on PE through the maternal genotype. Because any change in the promoter region affects the expression level of the gene. Also, for the first time, sequence analysis of the promoter region of STOX1 is investigated in PE. The variations in STOX1 appear to be important in PE especially in Early Onset PE.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Although PE is a disease that occurs with pregnancy and shows its effects most during this period, women and children with a history of PE are more prone to various disorders, especially cardiovascular diseases in the following years. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of the disease is important for both prevention and treatment process. Variations on STOX1 appear to be important in terms of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Akin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Ergun Pinarbasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Aslihan Esra Bildirici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye.,Exon Biyotek, Cumhuriyet Teknokent, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Nilgun Cekin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
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7
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Chatre L, Ducat A, Spradley FT, Palei AC, Chéreau C, Couderc B, Thomas KC, Wilson AR, Amaral LM, Gaillard I, Méhats C, Lagoutte I, Jacques S, Miralles F, Batteux F, Granger JP, Ricchetti M, Vaiman D. Increased NOS coupling by the metabolite tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) reduces preeclampsia/IUGR consequences. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102406. [PMID: 35964341 PMCID: PMC9389306 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a high-prevalence pregnancy disease characterized by placental insufficiency, gestational hypertension, and proteinuria. Overexpression of the A isoform of the STOX1 transcription factor (STOX1A) recapitulates PE in mice, and STOX1A overexpressing trophoblasts recapitulate PE patients hallmarks in terms of gene expression and pathophysiology. STOX1 overexpression induces nitroso-redox imbalance and mitochondrial hyper-activation. Here, by a thorough analysis on cell models, we show that STOX1 overexpression in trophoblasts alters inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) content, the nitroso-redox balance, the antioxidant defense, and mitochondrial function. This is accompanied by specific alterations of the Krebs cycle leading to reduced l-malate content. By increasing NOS coupling using the metabolite tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) we restore this multi-step pathway in vitro. Moving in vivo on two different rodent models (STOX1 mice and RUPP rats, alike early onset and late onset preeclampsia, respectively), we show by transcriptomics that BH4 directly reverts STOX1-deregulated gene expression including glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism and platelet activation, successfully treating placental hypotrophy, gestational hypertension, proteinuria and heart hypertrophy. In the RUPP rats we show that the major fetal issue of preeclampsia, Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is efficiently corrected. Our work posits on solid bases BH4 as a novel potential therapy for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chatre
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell & Development, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France; UMR 3738 CNRS, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Aurélien Ducat
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ana C Palei
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Betty Couderc
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Kamryn C Thomas
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Anna R Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Irène Gaillard
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell & Development, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France; UMR 3738 CNRS, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological and Physiological Ageing, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin U1016, INSERM UMR8104 CNRS, 24, rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris, France.
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8
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Aslanian-Kalkhoran L, Esparvarinha M, Nickho H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Heris JA, Danaii S, Yousefi M. Understanding main pregnancy complications through animal models. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 153:103676. [PMID: 35914401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Since human pregnancy is an inefficient process, achieving desired and pleasant outcome of pregnancy - the birth of a healthy and fit baby - is the main goal in any pregnancy. Spontaneous pregnancy failure is actually the most common complication of pregnancy and Most of these pregnancy losses are not known. Animal models have been utilized widely to investigate the system of natural biological adaptation to pregnancy along with increasing our comprehension of the most important hereditary and non-hereditary factors that contribute to pregnancy disorders. We use model organisms because their complexity better reproduces the human condition. A useful animal model for the disease should be pathologically similar to the disease conditions in humans. Animal models deserve a place in research because of the ethical limitations that apply to pregnant women's experiments. The present review provides insights into the overall risk factors involved in recurrent miscarriage, recurrent implant failure and preeclampsia and animal models developed to help researchers identify the source of miscarriage and the best research and treatment strategy for women with Repeated miscarriage and implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Aslanian-Kalkhoran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Department of Immuunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Centre, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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9
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Abstract
Cardiovascular complications of pregnancy have risen substantially over the past decades, and now account for the majority of pregnancy-induced maternal deaths, as well as having substantial long-term consequences on maternal cardiovascular health. The causes and pathophysiology of these complications remain poorly understood, and therapeutic options are limited. Preclinical models represent a crucial tool for understanding human disease. We review here advances made in preclinical models of cardiovascular complications of pregnancy, including preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy, with a focus on pathological mechanisms elicited by the models and on relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolt Arany
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Z.A.)
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy and in Oncologic Therapies, Philipps University Marburg, Germany (D.H.-K.)
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.A.K.)
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10
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Li X, Zhang C. Surfactant Protein (SP) induces preterm birth by promoting oxidative stress via upregulating Storkhead-Box Protein 1. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100079. [PMID: 36087567 PMCID: PMC9468348 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant mortality. The mechanisms that instigate preterm birth remain elusive and this makes it difficult to predict or prevent preterm birth. In this study, the authors found that SP-A induced pathological damage to the placenta and promoted preterm birth. Through mechanism, SP-A promoted the expression of STOX1 which further promoted the oxidative stress in the placenta by inhibiting the activities of a series of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. SP-A also induced dysregulation of arginine metabolism by inhibiting NOS2 and ARG2. Overexpression of STOX1 aggravated SP-A induced oxidative stress, pathological damage, and preterm birth, whereas knockdown of STOX1 alleviated SP-A induced oxidative stress, pathological damage and preterm birth. The present study uncovers that SP-A induces preterm birth by promoting oxidative stress via upregulating STOX1, which provides new targets for the prediction and prevention of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafang Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chunnian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Matsubara K, Matsubara Y, Uchikura Y, Takagi K, Yano A, Sugiyama T. HMGA1 Is a Potential Driver of Preeclampsia Pathogenesis by Interference with Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060822. [PMID: 34072941 PMCID: PMC8227282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. The two-stage theory has been proposed as its cause, with the first stage comprising poor placentation associated with the failure of fertilized egg implantation. Successful implantation and placentation require maternal immunotolerance of the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and appropriate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidua and myometrium. The disturbance of EVT invasion during implantation in PE results in impaired spiral artery remodeling. PE is thought to be caused by hypoxia during remodeling failure-derived poor placentation, which results in chronic inflammation. High-mobility group protein A (HMGA) is involved in the growth and invasion of cancer cells and likely in the growth and invasion of trophoblasts. Its mechanism of action is associated with immunotolerance. Thus, HMGA is thought to play a pivotal role in successful pregnancy, and its dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PE. The evaluation of HMGA function and its changes in PE might confirm that it is a reliable biomarker of PE and provide prospects for PE treatment through the induction of EVT proliferation and invasion during the implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Uchikura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuko Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Akiko Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
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12
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Yong HEJ, Chan SY. Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:799-840. [PMID: 33043357 PMCID: PMC7600289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is the active interface between mother and foetus, bearing the molecular marks of rapid development and exposures in utero. The placenta is routinely discarded at delivery, providing a valuable resource to explore maternal-offspring health and disease in pregnancy. Genome-wide profiling of the human placental transcriptome provides an unbiased approach to study normal maternal–placental–foetal physiology and pathologies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To date, many studies have examined the human placental transcriptome, but often within a narrow focus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of human placental transcriptome studies, encompassing those from the cellular to tissue levels and contextualize current findings from a broader perspective. We have consolidated studies into overarching themes, summarized key research findings and addressed important considerations in study design, as a means to promote wider data sharing and support larger meta-analysis of already available data and greater collaboration between researchers in order to fully capitalize on the potential of transcript profiling in future studies. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database, National Center for Biotechnology Information and European Bioinformatics Institute dataset repositories were searched, to identify all relevant human studies using ‘placenta’, ‘decidua’, ‘trophoblast’, ‘transcriptome’, ‘microarray’ and ‘RNA sequencing’ as search terms until May 2019. Additional studies were found from bibliographies of identified studies. OUTCOMES The 179 identified studies were classifiable into four broad themes: healthy placental development, pregnancy complications, exposures during pregnancy and in vitro placental cultures. The median sample size was 13 (interquartile range 8–29). Transcriptome studies prior to 2015 were predominantly performed using microarrays, while RNA sequencing became the preferred choice in more recent studies. Development of fluidics technology, combined with RNA sequencing, has enabled transcript profiles to be generated of single cells throughout pregnancy, in contrast to previous studies relying on isolated cells. There are several key study aspects, such as sample selection criteria, sample processing and data analysis methods that may represent pitfalls and limitations, which need to be carefully considered as they influence interpretation of findings and conclusions. Furthermore, several areas of growing importance, such as maternal mental health and maternal obesity are understudied and the profiling of placentas from these conditions should be prioritized. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Integrative analysis of placental transcriptomics with other ‘omics’ (methylome, proteome and metabolome) and linkage with future outcomes from longitudinal studies is crucial in enhancing knowledge of healthy placental development and function, and in enabling the underlying causal mechanisms of pregnancy complications to be identified. Such understanding could help in predicting risk of future adversity and in designing interventions that can improve the health outcomes of both mothers and their offspring. Wider collaboration and sharing of placental transcriptome data, overcoming the challenges in obtaining sufficient numbers of quality samples with well-defined clinical characteristics, and dedication of resources to understudied areas of pregnancy will undoubtedly help drive the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Current Updates on Pre-eclampsia: Maternal and Foetal Cardiovascular Diseases Predilection, Science or Myth? : Future cardiovascular disease risks in mother and child following pre-eclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 33694011 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including pre-eclampsia (PE), remain the major cause of death and morbidity in women. This review elucidates the current knowledge, state of research and scientific information available on the post-event implications and complications of PE regarding maternal and foetal cardiovascular health. Does PE expose, predispose or aggravate a predilection to maternal and foetal CVD later in life? RECENT FINDINGS Women with a history of PE are reported to have stiffer arteries and are more likely to develop cardiovascular problems with time, especially aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which were not hitherto linked with hypertensive pregnancy. Foetal cells persistence in the mother long after pregnancy, now clearly established in the lungs of mice postpartum, is suggested to portend an overexpression of STOX1, which may potentiate later life CVD. Moreover, the conventional theories of in utero stress and developmental reprogramming may not adequately explain the risk of later life CVD predilection in offspring born to mothers with pre-eclampsia as recent data has shown that siblings of offspring born from pre-eclamptic pregnancies are also at higher risk of hypertension later in life, irrespective of whether subsequent pregnancies were pre-eclamptic or normotensive. The mechanism involved in adverse cardiovascular outcome in offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies is most likely an intricate interaction of foetal programming, environmental and genetic factors. In light of available evidence, the question of whether PE is just a pointer or predisposing factor to maternal development of CVDs in later life begs for answers to facilitate definitive clinical solutions and preventive approaches.
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14
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Parchem JG, Kanasaki K, Lee SB, Kanasaki M, Yang JL, Xu Y, Earl KM, Keuls RA, Gattone VH, Kalluri R. STOX1 deficiency is associated with renin-mediated gestational hypertension and placental defects. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141588. [PMID: 33301424 PMCID: PMC7934881 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remains poorly defined despite the substantial burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with these conditions. In particular, the role of genetic variants as determinants of disease susceptibility is understudied. Storkhead-box protein 1 (STOX1) was first identified as a preeclampsia risk gene through family-based genetic linkage studies in which loss-of-function variants were proposed to underlie increased preeclampsia susceptibility. We generated a genetic Stox1 loss-of-function mouse model (Stox1 KO) to evaluate whether STOX1 regulates blood pressure in pregnancy. Pregnant Stox1-KO mice developed gestational hypertension evidenced by a significant increase in blood pressure compared with WT by E17.5. While severe renal, placental, or fetal growth abnormalities were not observed, the Stox1-KO phenotype was associated with placental vascular and extracellular matrix abnormalities. Mechanistically, we found that gestational hypertension in Stox1-KO mice resulted from activation of the uteroplacental renin-angiotensin system. This mechanism was supported by showing that treatment of pregnant Stox1-KO mice with an angiotensin II receptor blocker rescued the phenotype. Our study demonstrates the utility of genetic mouse models for uncovering links between genetic variants and effector pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline G Parchem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megumi Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joyce L Yang
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kadeshia M Earl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel A Keuls
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent H Gattone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Dunk CE, van Dijk M, Choudhury R, Wright TJ, Cox B, Leavey K, Harris LK, Jones RL, Lye SJ. Functional Evaluation of STOX1 (STORKHEAD-BOX PROTEIN 1) in Placentation, Preeclampsia, and Preterm Birth. Hypertension 2020; 77:475-490. [PMID: 33356399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Revaluation of the association of the STOX1 (STORKHEAD_BOX1 PROTEIN 1) transcription factor mutation (Y153H, C allele) with the early utero-vascular origins of placental pathology is warranted. To investigate if placental STOX1 Y153H genotype affects utero-vascular remodeling-compromised in both preterm birth and preeclampsia-we utilized extravillous trophoblast (EVT) explant and placental decidual coculture models, transfection of STOX1 wild-type and mutant plasmids into EVT-like trophoblast cell lines, and a cohort of 75 placentas from obstetric pathologies. Primary EVT and HTR8/SVneo cells carrying STOX1 Y153H secreted lower levels of IL (interleukin) 6, and IL-8, and higher CXCL16 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 16) and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) than wild-type EVT and Swan71 cells. Media from wild-type EVT or Swan71 cells transfected with wild-type STOX1 stimulated: endothelial chemokine expression, angiogenesis, and decidual natural killer cell and monocyte migration. In contrast, Y153H EVT conditioned medium, Swan71 transfected with the Y153H plasmid, or HTR8/SVneo media had no effect. Genotyping of placental decidual cocultures demonstrated association of the placental STOX1 CC allele with failed vascular remodeling. Decidual GG NODAL R165H increased in failed cocultures carrying the placental CC alleles of STOX1. Multivariate analysis of the placental cohort showed that the STOX1 C allele correlated with premature birth, with or without severe early-onset preeclampsia, and small for gestational age babies. In conclusion, placental STOX1 Y153H is a precipitating factor in preterm birth and placental preeclampsia due to defects in early utero-placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Dunk
- From the Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada (C.E.D., S.J.L.)
| | - Marie van Dijk
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands (M.V.D.)
| | - Ruhul Choudhury
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.), University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.)
| | - Thomas J Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kensington Eye Institute (T.J.W.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (B.C., K.L., S.J.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine Leavey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (B.C., K.L., S.J.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.), University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry (L.K.H.), University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.)
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.), University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom (R.C., L.K.H., R.L.J.)
| | - Stephen J Lye
- From the Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada (C.E.D., S.J.L.).,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (B.C., K.L., S.J.L.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine (S.J.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
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16
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Jiménez KM, Morel A, Parada-Niño L, Alejandra González-Rodriguez M, Flórez S, Bolívar-Salazar D, Becerra-Bayona S, Aguirre-García A, Gómez-Murcia T, Fernanda Castillo L, Carlosama C, Ardila J, Vaiman D, Serrano N, Laissue P. Identifying new potential genetic biomarkers for HELLP syndrome using massive parallel sequencing. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 22:181-190. [PMID: 33059327 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a frequently occurring multisystemic disease affecting ~5% of pregnancies. PE patients may develop HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet), a mother and foetus life-threatening condition. Research into HELLP's genetic origin has been relatively unsuccessful, mainly because normal placental function and blood pressure regulation involve the fine-regulation of hundreds of genes. OBJECTIVE To identify new genes and mutations constituting potential biomarkers for HELLP syndrome. STUDY DESIGN The present case-control study involved whole-exome sequencing of 79 unrelated HELLP women. Candidate variants were screened in a control population constituted by 176 individuals. Stringent bioinformatics filters were used for selecting potentially etiological sequence variants in a subset of 487 genes. We used robust in silico mutation modelling for predicting the potential effect on protein structure. RESULTS We identified numerous sequence variants in genes related to angiogenesis/coagulation/blood pressure regulation, cell differentiation/communication/adhesion, cell cycle and transcriptional gene regulation, extracellular matrix biology, lipid metabolism and immunological response. Five sequence variants generated premature stop codons in genes playing an essential role in placental physiology (STOX1, PDGFD, IGF2, MMP1 and DNAH11). Six variants (ERAP1- p.Ile915Thr, ERAP2- p.Leu837Ser, COMT-p.His192Gln, CSAD-p.Pro418Ser, CDH1- p.Ala298Thr and CCR2-p.Met249Lys) led to destabilisation of protein structure as they had significant energy and residue interaction-related changes. We identified at least two mutations in 57% of patients, arguing in favour of a polygenic origin for the HELLP syndrome. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel evidence regarding PE/HELLP's genetic origin, leading to new biomarkers, having potential clinical usefulness, being proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Marcela Jiménez
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adrien Morel
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Parada-Niño
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra González-Rodriguez
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stephanie Flórez
- Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Bolívar-Salazar
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Angel Aguirre-García
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Gómez-Murcia
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Castillo
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Carlosama
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Ardila
- Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Norma Serrano
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Orphan Diseases Group, Biopas Laboratoires, Bogotá, Colombia.
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17
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Ducat A, Couderc B, Bouter A, Biquard L, Aouache R, Passet B, Doridot L, Cohen MB, Ribaux P, Apicella C, Gaillard I, Palfray S, Chen Y, Vargas A, Julé A, Frelin L, Cocquet J, San Martin CR, Jacques S, Busato F, Tost J, Méhats C, Laissue P, Vilotte JL, Miralles F, Vaiman D. Molecular Mechanisms of Trophoblast Dysfunction Mediated by Imbalance between STOX1 Isoforms. iScience 2020; 23:101086. [PMID: 32371375 PMCID: PMC7200942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STOX1 is a transcription factor involved in preeclampsia and Alzheimer disease. We show that the knock-down of the gene induces rather mild effect on gene expression in trophoblast cell lines (BeWo). We identified binding sites of STOX1 shared by the two major isoforms, STOX1A and STOX1B. Profiling gene expression of cells overexpressing either STOX1A or STOX1B, we identified genes downregulated by both isoforms, with a STOX1 binding site in their promoters. Among those, STOX1-induced Annexin A1 downregulation led to abolished membrane repair in BeWo cells. By contrast, overexpression of STOX1A or B has opposite effects on trophoblast fusion (acceleration and inhibition, respectively) accompanied by syncytin genes deregulation. Also, STOX1A overexpression led to abnormal regulation of oxidative and nitrosative stress. In sum, our work shows that STOX1 isoform imbalance is a cause of gene expression deregulation in the trophoblast, possibly leading to placental dysfunction and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ducat
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Betty Couderc
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Anthony Bouter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Louise Biquard
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Rajaa Aouache
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1313-GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Marie-Benoîte Cohen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Ribaux
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Irène Gaillard
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sophia Palfray
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Yulian Chen
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Alexandra Vargas
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Amélie Julé
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Léo Frelin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Julie Cocquet
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Camino Ruano San Martin
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Florence Busato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique, Evry 91057, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Paul Laissue
- Biopas Laboratoires, BIOPAS GROUP, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1313-GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
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18
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Laissue P, Vaiman D. Exploring the Molecular Aetiology of Preeclampsia by Massive Parallel Sequencing of DNA. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:31. [PMID: 32172383 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript aims to review (for the first time) studies describing NGS sequencing of preeclampsia (PE) women's DNA. RECENT FINDINGS Describing markers for the early detection of PE is an essential task because, although associated molecular dysfunction begins early on during pregnancy, the disease's clinical signs usually appear late in pregnancy. Although several biochemical biomarkers have been proposed, their use in clinical environments is still limited, thereby encouraging research into PE's genetic origin. Hundreds of genes involved in numerous implantation- and placentation-related biological processes may be coherent candidates for PE aetiology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers new technical possibilities for PE studying, as it enables large genomic regions to be analysed at affordable cost. This technique has facilitated the description of genes contributing to the molecular origin of a significant amount of monogenic and complex diseases. Regarding PE, NGS of DNA has been used in familial and isolated cases, thereby enabling new genes potentially related to the phenotype to be proposed. For a better understanding of NGS, technical aspects, applications and limitations are presented initially. Thereafter, NGS studies of DNA in familial and non-familial cases are described, including pitfalls and positive findings. The information given here should enable scientists and clinicians to analyse and design new studies permitting the identification of novel clinically useful molecular PE markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Biopas Laboratoires, Biopas Group, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France. .,CIGGUR Genetics Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, El Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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19
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He Y, Chen L, Liu C, Han Y, Liang C, Xie Q, Zhou J, Cheng Z. Aspirin modulates STOX1 expression and reverses STOX1-induced insufficient proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 19:170-176. [PMID: 32018223 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major cause of preeclampsia is the placental ischemia caused by insufficient trophoblast cells, invading into the spiral artery. Storkhead-box protein 1 (STOX1) is highly associated with preeclampsia. Meanwhile, low-dose aspirin for patients with preeclampsia is effective in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism, and the relationship between STOX1 and aspirin in preeclampsia. METHODS The human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 was employed to mimic trophoblast cells and establish a model for trophoblast cells overexpressing STOX1 and knockdown of JEG cell lines, which were treated with aspirin afterwards. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was utilized to estimate cell proliferation and optimal concentration of aspirin for further experiments. Meanwhile, transwell assay was used to detect migration, and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were applied to analyze the expression levels of STOX1 and related genes. RESULTS Overexpression of STOX1 inhibited proliferation of JEG-3 cells through epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular EGF (VEGF), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) proteins, while suppressed migration through MMP2, MMP9, and E-cadherin proteins. In contrast, apoptosis of JEG-3 cells was elevated by STOX1 through Bcl-2, Bax, and Cox-2 proteins. Furthermore, we found that aspirin modulated the expression level of STOX1 and reversed proliferation and migration of STOX1-induced insufficient trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that inhibition of the expression of STOX1 could promote the effects of aspirin in the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qigui Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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20
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Abi Nahed R, Reynaud D, Lemaitre N, Lartigue S, Roelants C, Vaiman D, Benharouga M, Cochet C, Filhol O, Alfaidy N. Protein kinase CK2 contributes to placental development: physiological and pathological implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:123-133. [PMID: 31832700 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is the most threatening pathology of human pregnancy. Its development is thought to be due to a failure in the invasion of trophoblast cells that establish the feto-maternal circulation. Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous enzyme reported to be involved in the control of cell invasion. CK2 consists of two subunits, a catalytic subunit, CK2α, and a regulatory subunit, CK2β. To date, no data exist regarding the expression and role of this enzyme in normal and PE pregnancies. We performed studies, at the clinical level using distinctive cohorts from early pregnancy (n = 24) and from PE (n = 23) and age-matched controls (n = 28); in vitro, using trophoblast cell lines; ex vivo, using placental explants; and in vivo, using PE mouse models. We demonstrated that (i) CK2 is more expressed during the late first trimester of pregnancy and is mainly localized in differentiated trophoblast cells, (ii) the inhibition of its enzymatic activity decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion, and syncytialization of trophoblast cells, both in 2D and 3D culture systems, and (iii) CK2 activity and the CK2α/CK2β protein ratio were increased in PE human placentas. The pattern and profile of CK2 expression were confirmed in gravid mice along with an increase in the PE mouse models. Altogether, our results demonstrate that CK2 plays an essential role in the establishment of the feto-maternal circulation and that its deregulation is associated with PE development. The increase in CK2 activity in PE might constitute a compensatory mechanism to ensure proper pregnancy progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Abi Nahed
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France. .,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France.
| | - Deborah Reynaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Lemaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
| | - Solene Lartigue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Genomics, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Institut Cochin, U1016 Inserm- UMR 8104 CNRS - Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5249, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institure of Grenoble (IRIG), Grenoble, France
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21
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Xu Y, Sun Z, Wang Q, Wang T, Liu Y, Yu F. Stox1 induced the proliferation and cell cycle arrest in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via AKT signaling pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 120:106568. [PMID: 31207359 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by the vascular remodeling that also involves proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Overexpression of Storkhead box (STOX1) regulates genes involved hypoxia, redox balance, nitric oxide, and energy metabolism. In this study, we supposed Stox1 adjusted cells proliferation and migration in PASMCs development and played an important role in the pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling. METHODS Hemodynamic assay and Right ventricular morphometric assay were used to check the rat model of PAH. HE staining was used to examine the arterial wall thickness. Masson staining showed that the deposition of collagen was significantly increased in PAH. In addition, Stox1 were assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. The effect of Stox1 on PASMCs was assessed by cell counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8 assay), Scratch-Wound assay, EdU staining assay, Cell cycle analysis and Western blot. RESULTS Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular were significantly increased in hypoxia group and monocrotaline group compared to control group. The expression of Stox1 was increased in lung tissues in PAH rats. In vitro, the expression of Stox1 was up-regulated with time-dependent manner in hypoxia condition. Meanwhile, Stxo1 promoted the proliferation and migration in hypoxia-treated PASMCs. Moreover, we found that hypoxia promoted the expression of PCNA, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, increased more cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase and induced the activation of AKT proteins, which was significantly attenuated by inhibition of Stox1 expression in PASMCs. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that Stox1 induced proliferation of PASMCs and the effect is, at least in part, mediated through AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24,Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182,TongguanNorth Road, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24,Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182,TongguanNorth Road, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182,TongguanNorth Road, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182,TongguanNorth Road, Lianyungang 222002, PR China.
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24,Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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22
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Méhats C, Miralles F, Vaiman D. The Role of Epigenetics in Placental Development and the Etiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112837. [PMID: 31212604 PMCID: PMC6600551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively present the function of epigenetic regulations in normal placental development as well as in a prominent disease of placental origin, preeclampsia (PE). We describe current progress concerning the impact of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (with a special emphasis on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) and more marginally histone post-translational modifications, in the processes leading to normal and abnormal placental function. We also explore the potential use of epigenetic marks circulating in the maternal blood flow as putative biomarkers able to prognosticate the onset of PE, as well as classifying it according to its severity. The correlation between epigenetic marks and impacts on gene expression is systematically evaluated for the different epigenetic marks analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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23
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Ducat A, Vargas A, Doridot L, Bagattin A, Lerner J, Vilotte JL, Buffat C, Pontoglio M, Miralles F, Vaiman D. Low-dose aspirin protective effects are correlated with deregulation of HNF factor expression in the preeclamptic placentas from mice and humans. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:94. [PMID: 31098302 PMCID: PMC6510804 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetyl-salicylic acid) is one of the most ancient drugs of the human pharmacopeia. Nonetheless, its action at low doses is not well understood at the molecular level. One of the applications of low-dose aspirin treatment is the prevention of preeclampsia (PE) in patients at risk. Foeto-placental overexpression of the STOX1A transcription factor in mice triggers PE symptoms. Transcriptomic analysis of the placentas, showed that aspirin massively down-regulates genes of the coagulation and complement cascade, as well as genes involved in lipid transport. The genes modified by aspirin treatment are not the ones that are modified by STOX1 overexpression, suggesting that aspirin could act downstream, symptomatically on the preeclamptic disease. Bioinformatics analysis of the promoters of the deregulated genes showed that they are strongly enriched in HNF transcription factors-binding sites, in accordance with existing literature showing their roles as regulators of coagulation. Two of these transcription factors, Hnf1β and Hnf4α are found down-regulated by aspirin treatment. In parallel, we show that in human patient placentas, aspirin-induced deregulations of genes of the coagulation cascade are also observed. Finally, the expression of Hnf1β target sequences (Kif12, F2, Hnf4α promoters and a synthetic concatemer of the Hnf1β-binding site) were investigated by transfection in trophoblast cell models, with or without aspirin treatment and with or without STOX1A overexpression. In this model we observed that STOX1A and aspirin tended to synergize in the down-regulation of Hnf1β target genes in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ducat
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Vargas
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Epigenetics and Cell Signaling, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alessia Bagattin
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Lerner
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Buffat
- Department of Neonatology, Hôpital La Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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24
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies annually. An established risk factor for PE is family history, clearly demonstrating an underlying genetic component to the disorder. To date, numerous genetic studies, using both the candidate gene and genome-wide approach, have been undertaken to tease out the genetic basis of PE and understand its origins. Such studies have identified some promising candidate genes such as STOX1 and ACVR2A. Nevertheless, researchers face ongoing challenges of replicating these genetic associations in different populations and performing the functional validation of identified genetic variants to determine their causality in the disorder. This chapter will review the genetic approaches used in the study of PE, discuss their limitations and possible confounders, and describe current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shaun P Brennecke
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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25
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a major, frequent and potentially severe condition of pregnancy, characterized by severe hypertension and proteinuria. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the pathology, and discuss the long-term impacts on maternal vascular health. Next, we describe the genetic, epigenetic and immunological basis of preeclampsia. We describe the links between preeclampsia and oxidative stress in placental (trophoblast) and endothelial cells. We mention cellular and animal models commonly used to decipher modified pathophysiological pathways in a preeclamptic pregnancy compared to a normal pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic options, readily available or in development, to improve the monitoring of pregnancies, the health of patients and that of children born from preeclamptic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Méhats
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, équipe FGTB, 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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26
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Cushen SC, Goulopoulou S. New Models of Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:1053-1062. [PMID: 28472224 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders are leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality. These include: pre-pregnancy hypertension that persists throughout gestation (chronic/preexisting hypertension), de novo hypertension that is diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation and resolves after birth (gestational hypertension), de novo hypertension that is diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation with or without proteinuria and end-organ damage (preeclampsia and eclampsia), and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia during gestation. Preeclampsia is the most severe form of these disorders. Animal models have been developed by employing surgical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches in order to recapitulate the maternal symptoms of preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The scope of this brief review is to present an up-to-date synthesis of our knowledge of experimental models of pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders. Novel models, defined in this review as characterized within the last 5 years, will be described and critically discussed. In this review, we will also discuss established experimental models of pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders in the context of their contribution to new advances in our knowledge about the pathophysiology of these disorders and potential therapeutics. Emphasis will be placed on animal models of preeclampsia; however, models of other hypertensive disorders in pregnancy will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Cushen
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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27
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Helmo FR, Lopes AMM, Carneiro ACDM, Campos CG, Silva PB, Dos Reis Monteiro MLG, Rocha LP, Dos Reis MA, Etchebehere RM, Machado JR, Corrêa RRM. Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:7-14. [PMID: 29174227 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder that is triggered by placental insufficiency and that accounts for up to 15% of maternal deaths. In normal pregnancies, this process depends on the balance between the expression of angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors, which are responsible for remodeling the spiral arteries, as well as for neoangiogenesis and fetal development. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to discuss the main scientific findings regarding the role of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS An extensive research was conducted in the Pubmed database in search of scientific manuscripts discussing potential associations between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Ninety-one papers were included in this review. RESULTS There is an increased expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor and soluble endoglin in pre-eclampsia, as well as reduced placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. Systemic hypertension, proteinuria and kidney injury - such as enlargement and glomerular fibrin deposit, capillary occlusion due to edema, and hypertrophy of endocapillary cells - are some of these changes. The complex etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia instigates research of different biomarkers that allow for the early diagnosis of this entity, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor, soluble endoglin, placental glycoprotein pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and protein 13. CONCLUSION Even though it is possible to establish an efficient and effective diagnostic tool, three key principles must be observed in the management of preeclampsia: prevention, early screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Moed Lopes
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Dias Maciel Carneiro
- Discipline of Histology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Guissoni Campos
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Polyana Barbosa Silva
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Penna Rocha
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Margarida Etchebehere
- Surgical Pathology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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28
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Meiri H, Osol G, Cetin I, Gizurarson S, Huppertz B. Personalized Therapy Against Preeclampsia by Replenishing Placental Protein 13 (PP13) Targeted to Patients With Impaired PP13 Molecule or Function. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2017; 15:433-446. [PMID: 29034064 PMCID: PMC5633742 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders affect about one third of all people aged 20 and above, and are treated with anti-hypertensive drugs. Preeclampsia (PE) is one form of such disorders that only develops during pregnancy. It affects ten million pregnant women globally and additionally causes fetal loss and major newborn disabilities. The syndrome's origin is multifactorial, and anti-hypertensive drugs are ineffective in treating it. Biomarkers are helpful for predict its development. Generic drugs, such as low dose aspirin, were proven effective in preventing preterm PE. However, it does not cure the majority of cases and many studies are underway for fighting PE with extended use of additional generic drugs, or through new drug development programs. This review focuses on placental protein 13 (PP13). This protein is only expressed in the placenta. Impaired PP13 DNA structure and/or its reduced mRNA expression leads to lower blood PP13 level that predict a higher risk of developing PE. Two polymorphic PP13 variants have been identified: (1) The promoter PP13 variant with an "A/A" genotype in the -98 position (versus "A/C" or "C/C"). Having the "A/A" genotype is coupled to lower PP13 expression, mainly during placental syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and, if associated with obesity and history of previous preeclampsia, it accurately predicts higher risk for developing the disorder. (2) A thymidine deletion at position 221 causes a frame shift in the open reading frame, and the formation of an early stop codon resulting in the formation of DelT221, a truncated variant of PP13. In pregnant rodents, both short- and long- term replenishment of PP13 causes reversible hypotension and vasodilation of uterine vessels. Long-term exposure is also accompanied by the development of larger placentas and newborns. Also, only w/t PP13 is capable of inducing leukocyte apoptosis, providing maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy. Based on published data, we propose a targeted PP13 therapy to fight PE, and consider the design and conduct of animal studies to explore this hypothesis. Accordingly, a new targeted therapy can be implemented in humans combining prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamutal Meiri
- Hy Laboratories, Rehovot, and TeleMarpe, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - George Osol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano, Italy
- Department of Mother and Child, Hospital Luigi Sacco, and Center for Fetal Research “Giorgio Pardi”, Milano, Italy
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology & Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Contribution of Syncytins and Other Endogenous Retroviral Envelopes to Human Placenta Pathologies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 145:111-162. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy disease, explained partly by genetic predispositions. STOX1, a transcription factor discovered in 2005, was the first gene directly associated with genetic forms of the disease. Alterations of STOX1 expression as well as STOX1 variants have also been associated to Alzheimer's disease. These observations make of this gene a putative therapeutic target. Area covered: Two major isoforms (STOX1A and STOX1B) are encoded by the gene and are theoretically able to compete for the same binding site, while only the most complete (STOX1A) is supposed to be able to activate gene expression. This makes the ratio between STOX1A and STOX1B as well as their position inside the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm) crucial to understand how STOX1 functions. STOX1 appears to have multiple gene targets, especially in pathways connected to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell cycle. Expert opinion: STOX1-directed therapies, could be directed either towards its targets (genes or pathways), or directly at STOX1. For this the addressing of STOX1 to various cell compartments could theoretically be modified; also it could be possible of altering the balance between the two isoforms, through selectively inhibiting one of them, possibly improving the outcomes in severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vaiman
- a Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer , Institut Cochin , Paris , France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- a Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer , Institut Cochin , Paris , France
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Erlandsson L, Nääv Å, Hennessy A, Vaiman D, Gram M, Åkerström B, Hansson SR. Inventory of Novel Animal Models Addressing Etiology of Preeclampsia in the Development of New Therapeutic/Intervention Opportunities. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:402-10. [PMID: 26685057 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disease afflicting 3-7% of pregnancies worldwide and leads to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The disease is of placental origin and is commonly described as a disease of two stages. A variety of preeclampsia animal models have been proposed, but all of them have limitations in fully recapitulating the human disease. Based on the research question at hand, different or multiple models might be suitable. Multiple animal models in combination with in vitro or ex vivo studies on human placenta together offer a synergistic platform to further our understanding of the etiology of preeclampsia and potential therapeutic interventions. The described animal models of preeclampsia divide into four categories (i) spontaneous, (ii) surgically induced, (iii) pharmacologically/substance induced, and (iv) transgenic. This review aims at providing an inventory of novel models addressing etiology of the disease and or therapeutic/intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nääv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Magnus Gram
- Infection Medicine, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Infection Medicine, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Leung A, Hua K, Ramachandran P, Hingwing K, Wu M, Koh PL, Hawkins N. C. elegans HAM-1 functions in the nucleus to regulate asymmetric neuroblast division. Dev Biol 2015; 410:56-69. [PMID: 26703426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
All 302 neurons in the C. elegans hermaphrodite arise through asymmetric division of neuroblasts. During embryogenesis, the C. elegans ham-1 gene is required for several asymmetric neuroblast divisions in lineages that generate both neural and apoptotic cells. By antibody staining, endogenous HAM-1 is found exclusively at the cell cortex in many cells during embryogenesis and is asymmetrically localized in dividing cells. Here we show that in transgenic embryos expressing a functional GFP::HAM-1 fusion protein, GFP expression is also detected in the nucleus, in addition to the cell cortex. Consistent with the nuclear localization is the presence of a putative DNA binding winged-helix domain within the N-terminus of HAM-1. Through a deletion analysis we determined that the C-terminus of the protein is required for nuclear localization and we identified two nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). A subcellular fractionation experiment from wild type embryos, followed by Western blotting, revealed that endogenous HAM-1 is primarily found in the nucleus. Our analysis also showed that the N-terminus is necessary for cortical localization. While ham-1 function is essential for asymmetric division in the lineage that generates the PLM mechanosensory neuron, we showed that cortical localization may not required. Thus, our results suggest that there is a nuclear function for HAM-1 in regulating asymmetric neuroblast division and that the requirement for cortical localization may be lineage dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kyla Hingwing
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Pei Luan Koh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy Hawkins
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Ali SMJ, Khalil RA. Genetic, immune and vasoactive factors in the vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension in pregnancy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1495-515. [PMID: 26294111 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1067684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is a major complication of pregnancy that could lead to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of PE are not completely understood, but recent research has begun to unravel some of the potential mechanisms. AREAS COVERED Genetic polymorphisms and altered maternal immune response may cause impaired remodeling of the spiral arteries; a potential early defect in PE. Inadequate invasion of cytotrophoblasts into the decidua leads to reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) and placental ischemia/hypoxia. Placental ischemia causes the release of biologically active factors such as anti-angiogenic factors, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia-inducible factors, and angiotensin II receptor autoantibodies. These vasoactive factors could cause systemic vascular endotheliosis and consequent increase in vascular resistance and blood pressure, glomerular endotheliosis causing proteinuria, cerebrovascular endotheliosis causing cerebral edema, seizures and visual disturbances, and hepatic endotheliosis, which may contribute to the manifestations of HELLP syndrome. PE-associated vascular endotheliosis causes a decrease in vasodilator mediators such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, an increase in vasoconstrictors such as endothelin-1, angiotensin II and thromboxane A2, and enhanced mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction such as intracellular Ca(2+), protein kinase C and Rho-kinase. Changes in matrix metalloproteinase activity and extracellular matrix cause vascular remodeling and further vasoconstriction. EXPERT OPINION Some of the genetic, immune and vasoactive factors involved in vascular endotheliosis could be used as biomarkers for early detection, and as potential targets for prevention and treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjadh M J Ali
- a Brigham and Women's Hospital, Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery , Boston, MA, USA +1 617 525 8530 ; +1 617 264 5124 ;
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- a Brigham and Women's Hospital, Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery , Boston, MA, USA +1 617 525 8530 ; +1 617 264 5124 ;
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Rhim MS, Meddeb S, Kaabia O, Jalloul M, Sakouhi M, Jrzad BBH, Felah R. C3F gene mutation is involved in the susceptibility to pre-eclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1023-7. [PMID: 25322978 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the functional polymorphism of exon 3 of the gene of complement component C3 (rs 2230199) to identify the potential involvement of the mutated gene C3F in the genesis of pre-eclampsia. MATERIEL AND METHODS It is a comparative case-control study conducted in the university center of maternity and neonatology of Monastir with collaboration of high institute of biotechnology (Tunisia) on a period of 2 years. Two hundred and fifty patients and 96 newborns divided into pre-eclampsia group (150 parturients with pre-eclampsia and 48 newborns) and control group (100 parturients with normal pregnancy and their 48 infants) are taken. Each patient and control were sampled for the phenotypic study and the molecular analysis. The ARMS-PCR (amplification refractory mutation system) was the standard procedure in our study. A simple observation let to distinguish three cases of genotypes: SS, FF and SF. RESULTS In the control group, 56% of parturients had the genotype SS, 38%, the genotype SF and 6%, FF genotype. In the pre-eclamptic population, SS, SF, and FF genotypes were determined, respectively, 40, 45.30 and 14.60% of the patients. There is a sharp increase in the frequency of the FF genotype in pre-eclamptic patients compared to controls (14.60 vs. 6%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The frequencies of C3S and alleles C3F determined in controls (respectively, 74 and 26%) were different from those identified in pre-eclamptic patients (respectively, 62.60 and 37.30%). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). The C3S and C3F allele frequencies determined in control newborns (respectively, 83.33 and 16.66%) were slightly different from those identified in newborn issued from pre-eclamptic patients (respectively, 80.2 and 19.79%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.67). CONCLUSION The gene polymorphism of complement component C3 was significantly associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia. These results should be confirmed by other studies looking at larger scale to consider this gene as a new biomarker with predictive potential therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah Rhim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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Doridot L, Châtre L, Ducat A, Vilotte JL, Lombès A, Méhats C, Barbaux S, Calicchio R, Ricchetti M, Vaiman D. Nitroso-redox balance and mitochondrial homeostasis are regulated by STOX1, a pre-eclampsia-associated gene. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:819-34. [PMID: 24738702 PMCID: PMC4116089 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Storkhead box 1 (STOX1) is a winged-helix transcription factor that is implicated in the genetic forms of a high-prevalence human gestational disease, pre-eclampsia. STOX1 overexpression confers pre-eclampsia-like transcriptomic features to trophoblastic cell lines and pre-eclampsia symptoms to pregnant mice. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of STOX1 on free radical equilibrium and mitochondrial function, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of STOX1-transgenic versus nontransgenic placentas at 16.5 days of gestation revealed alterations of mitochondria-related pathways. Placentas overexpressing STOX1 displayed altered mitochondrial mass and were severely biased toward protein nitration, indicating nitroso-redox imbalance in vivo. Trophoblast cells overexpressing STOX1 displayed an increased mitochondrial activity at 20% O2 and in hypoxia, despite reduction of the mitochondrial mass in the former. STOX1 overexpression is, therefore, associated with hyperactive mitochondria, resulting in increased free radical production. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) production pathways were activated, resulting in peroxynitrite formation. At low oxygen pressure, STOX1 overexpression switched the free radical balance from reactive oxygen species (ROS) to reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the placenta as well as in a trophoblast cell line. INNOVATION In pre-eclamptic placentas, NO interacts with ROS and generates peroxynitrite and nitrated proteins as end products. This process will deprive the maternal organism of NO, a crucial vasodilator molecule. CONCLUSION Our data posit STOX1 as a genetic switch in the ROS/RNS balance and suggest an explanation for elevated blood pressure in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Doridot
- 1 Department of Development, Reproduction, and Cancer, Institut Cochin , INSERM U1016, Paris, France
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Genetic aspects of preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome. J Pregnancy 2014; 2014:910751. [PMID: 24991435 PMCID: PMC4060423 DOI: 10.1155/2014/910751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome have their origin in the placenta. The aim of this study is to review genetic factors involved in development of preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome using literature search in PubMed. A familial cohort links chromosomes 2q, 5q, and 13q to preeclampsia. The chromosome 12q is coupled with the HELLP syndrome. The STOX1 gene, the ERAP1 and 2 genes, the syncytin envelope gene, and the −670 Fas receptor polymorphisms are involved in the development of preeclampsia. The ACVR2A gene on chromosome 2q22 is also implicated. The toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and factor V Leiden mutation participate both in development of preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome. Carriers of the TT and the CC genotype of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism seem to have an increased risk of the HELLP syndrome. The placental levels of VEGF mRNA are reduced both in women with preeclampsia and in women with the HELLP syndrome. The BclI polymorphism is engaged in development of the HELLP syndrome but not in development of severe preeclampsia. The ACE I/D polymorphism affects uteroplacental and umbilical artery blood flows in women with preeclampsia. In women with preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome several genes in the placenta are deregulated. Preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome are multiplex genetic diseases.
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Doridot L, Miralles F, Barbaux S, Vaiman D. Trophoblasts, invasion, and microRNA. Front Genet 2013; 4:248. [PMID: 24312123 PMCID: PMC3836020 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently become essential actors in various fields of physiology and medicine, especially as easily accessible circulating biomarkers, or as modulators of cell differentiation. To this respect, terminal differentiation of trophoblasts (the characteristic cells of the placenta in Therian mammals) into syncytiotrophoblast, villous trophoblast, or extravillous trophoblast constitutes a good example of such a choice, where miRNAs have recently been shown to play an important role. The aim of this review is to provide a snapshot of what is known today in placentation mechanisms that are mediated by miRNA, under the angles of materno–fetal immune dialog regulation, trophoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis at the materno–fetal interface. Also, two aspects of regulation of these issues will be highlighted: the part played by oxygen concentration and the specific function of imprinted genes in the developing placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
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van Dijk M, Oudejans C. (Epi)genetics of pregnancy-associated diseases. Front Genet 2013; 4:180. [PMID: 24058367 PMCID: PMC3767913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the current knowledge regarding genetics and epigenetics of pregnancy-associated diseases with placental origin. We discuss the effect on genetic linkage analyses when the fetal genotype determines the maternal phenotype. Secondly, the genes identified by genome-wide linkage studies to be associated with pre-eclampsia (ACVR2A, STOX1) and the HELLP-syndrome (LINC-HELLP) are discussed regarding their potential functions in the etiology of disease. Furthermore, susceptibility genes identified by candidate gene approaches (e.g., CORIN) are described. Next, we focus on the additional challenges that come when epigenetics also play a role in disease inheritance. We discuss the maternal transmission of the chromosome 10q22 pre-eclampsia linkage region containing the STOX1 gene and provide further evidence for the role of epigenetics in pre-eclampsia based on the cdkn1c mouse model of pre-eclampsia. Finally, we provide recommendations to unravel the genetics of pregnancy-associated diseases, specifically regarding clear definitions of patient groups and sufficient patient numbers, and the potential usefulness of (epi)genetic data in early non-invasive biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie van Dijk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Palei AC, Spradley FT, Warrington JP, George EM, Granger JP. Pathophysiology of hypertension in pre-eclampsia: a lesson in integrative physiology. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:224-33. [PMID: 23590594 PMCID: PMC3687012 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the leading causes of maternal death and a major contributor of maternal and perinatal morbidity, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia have yet to be fully elucidated. However, it is evident that this is a complex disorder involving multiple organ systems, and by using integrative approaches, enormous progress has been made towards understanding the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Growing evidence supports the concept that the placenta plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and that reduced uteroplacental perfusion, which develops as a result of abnormal cytotrophoblast invasion of spiral arterioles, triggers the cascade of events leading to the maternal disorder. Placental ischaemia leads to release of soluble placental factors, many of which are classified as anti-angiogenic or pro-inflammatory. Once these ischaemic placental factors reach the maternal circulation, they cause widespread activation and dysfunction of the maternal vascular endothelium that results in enhanced formation of endothelin-1 and superoxide, increased vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II and decreased formation of vasodilators such as nitric oxide. This review highlights these links between placental ischaemia, maternal endothelial activation and renal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertension in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Palei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - Frank T. Spradley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - Junie P. Warrington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - Eric M. George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - Joey P. Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216
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Vaiman D, Calicchio R, Miralles F. Landscape of transcriptional deregulations in the preeclamptic placenta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65498. [PMID: 23785430 PMCID: PMC3681798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disease affecting 5 to 8% of pregnant women and a leading cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Because of a default in the process of implantation, the placenta of preeclamptic women undergoes insufficient vascularization. This results in placental ischemia, inflammation and subsequent release of placental debris and vasoactive factors in the maternal circulation causing a systemic endothelial activation. Several microarray studies have analyzed the transcriptome of the preeclamptic placentas to identify genes which could be involved in placental dysfunction. In this study, we compared the data from publicly available microarray analyses to obtain a consensus list of modified genes. This allowed to identify consistently modified genes in the preeclamptic placenta. Of these, 67 were up-regulated and 31 down-regulated. Assuming that changes in the transcription level of co-expressed genes may result from the coordinated action of a limited number of transcription factors, we looked for over-represented putative transcription factor binding sites in the promoters of these genes. Indeed, we found that the promoters of up-regulated genes are enriched in putative binding sites for NFkB, CREB, ANRT, REEB1, SP1, and AP-2. In the promoters of down-regulated genes, the most prevalent putative binding sites are those of MZF-1, NFYA, E2F1 and MEF2A. These transcriptions factors are known to regulate specific biological pathways such as cell responses to inflammation, hypoxia, DNA damage and proliferation. We discuss here the molecular mechanisms of action of these transcription factors and how they can be related to the placental dysfunction in the context of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vaiman
- INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Rosamaria Calicchio
- INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a deadly gestational disease affecting up to 10% of women and specific of the human species. Preeclampsia is clearly multifactorial, but the existence of a genetic basis for this disease is now clearly established by the existence of familial cases, epidemiological studies and known predisposing gene polymorphisms. PE is very common despite the fact that Darwinian pressure should have rapidly eliminated or strongly minimized the frequency of predisposing alleles. Consecutive pregnancies with the same partner decrease the risk and severity of PE. Here, we show that, due to this peculiar feature, preeclampsia predisposing-alleles can be differentially maintained according to the familial structure. Thus, we suggest that an optimal frequency of PE-predisposing alleles in human populations can be achieved as a result of a trade-off between benefits of exogamy, importance for maintaining genetic diversity and increase of the fitness owing to a stable paternal investment.
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Doridot L, Passet B, Méhats C, Rigourd V, Barbaux S, Ducat A, Mondon F, Vilotte M, Castille J, Breuiller-Fouché M, Daniel N, le Provost F, Bauchet AL, Baudrie V, Hertig A, Buffat C, Simeoni U, Germain G, Vilotte JL, Vaiman D. Preeclampsia-like symptoms induced in mice by fetoplacental expression of STOX1 are reversed by aspirin treatment. Hypertension 2013; 61:662-8. [PMID: 23357179 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.202994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common human-specific pregnancy disorder defined by hypertension and proteinuria during gestation and responsible for maternal and fetal morbimortality. STOX1, encoding a transcription factor, was the first gene associated with PE as identified by positional cloning approaches. Its overexpression in choriocarcinoma cells mimics the transcriptional consequences of PE in the human placenta. Here, we created transgenic mouse strains overexpressing human STOX1. Wild-type female mice crossed with transgenic male mice reproduce accurately the symptoms of severe PE: gestational hypertension, proteinuria, and elevated plasma levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin. Placental and kidney histology were altered. Symptoms were prevented or alleviated by aspirin treatment. STOX1-overexpressing mice constitute a unique model for studying PE, allow testing therapeutic approaches, and assessing the long-term effects of the preeclamptic syndrome.
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Barbaux S, Gascoin-Lachambre G, Buffat C, Monnier P, Mondon F, Tonanny MB, Pinard A, Auer J, Bessières B, Barlier A, Jacques S, Simeoni U, Dandolo L, Letourneur F, Jammes H, Vaiman D. A genome-wide approach reveals novel imprinted genes expressed in the human placenta. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1079-90. [PMID: 22894909 PMCID: PMC3466192 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting characterizes genes with a monoallelic expression, which is dependent on the parental origin of each allele. Approximately 150 imprinted genes are known to date, in humans and mice but, though computational searches have tried to extract intrinsic characteristics of these genes to identify new ones, the existing list is probably far from being comprehensive. We used a high-throughput strategy by diverting the classical use of genotyping microarrays to compare the genotypes of mRNA/cDNA vs. genomic DNA to identify new genes presenting monoallelic expression, starting from human placental material. After filtering of data, we obtained a list of 1,082 putative candidate monoallelic SNPs located in more than one hundred candidate genes. Among these, we found known imprinted genes, such as IPW, GRB10, INPP5F and ZNF597, which contribute to validate the approach. We also explored some likely candidates of our list and identified seven new imprinted genes, including ZFAT, ZFAT-AS1, GLIS3, NTM, MAGI2, ZC3H12Cand LIN28B, four of which encode zinc finger transcription factors. They are, however, not imprinted in the mouse placenta, except for Magi2. We analyzed in more details the ZFAT gene, which is paternally expressed in the placenta (as ZFAT-AS1, a non-coding antisense RNA) but biallelic in other tissues. The ZFAT protein is expressed in endothelial cells, as well as in syncytiotrophoblasts. The expression of this gene is, moreover, downregulated in placentas from complicated pregnancies. With this work we increase by about 10% the number of known imprinted genes in humans.
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Doridot L, Méhats C, Vaiman D. [Comparative analysis of mice models for preeclampsia]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2012; 61:234-8. [PMID: 22626651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease of pregnancy. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity and is defined by the de novo onset of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy. This pathology manifests during the early stages of pregnancy, making it hard to predict and very difficult to study in humans (presymptomatic phase and lack of tissues access). Animal models are therefore necessary to study the physiopathology of preeclampsia, however, since this pathology is specifically human, there are no spontaneous models. Animal models have thus been engineered. In this review, the models obtained in mice are described and compared. These models are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Doridot
- Inserm U1016, institut Cochin, 24, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize scientific literature that addresses the role of endoglin (ENG) gene expression in preeclampsia (PE). DATA SOURCES A literature search of PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE was conducted using the keywords endoglin, gene, and preeclampsia. Restrictions included English language and humans. Additional articles were identified/selected for evaluation via PubMed e-mail updates (keywords: endoglin and preeclampsia) and review of article reference lists obtained from the search. STUDY SELECTION The initial 14 abstracts retrieved from the literature search were reviewed and 9 studies were selected for evaluation. Review articles and studies not addressing ENG expression (messenger RNA [mRNA] level) in the context of PE were excluded. An additional six articles were selected from PubMed e-mail updates and reference lists. DATA EXTRACTION Data related to study objective, design, setting, subject information, phenotype, tissue type, data collection method, statistics, and results were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Regardless of PE definition, ancestral background, gene expression analysis method, tissue type, and time of specimen collection, endoglin appears to play a role in PE development. Moreover, results suggest that a variety of biological mechanisms have the ability to modulate ENG expression in PE, demonstrating the potential complexity associated with endoglin's role in PE. CONCLUSIONS This review article is the first to systematically synthesize evidence related to ENG expression in PE. Findings can be utilized to design future studies that (a) address methodological limitations observed in the reviewed studies and (b) specifically examine why ENG expression levels are altered and address mechanisms explaining how these alterations are involved in PE development.
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Williams PJ, Broughton Pipkin F. The genetics of pre-eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25:405-17. [PMID: 21429808 PMCID: PMC3145161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most frequent medical complication occurring during pregnancy. In this chapter, we aim to address the genetic contribution to these disorders, with specific focus on pre-eclampsia. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying pre-eclampsia remain to be elucidated; however, immune maladaptation, inadequate placental development and trophoblast invasion, placental ischaemia, oxidative stress and thrombosis are all thought to represent key factors in the development of disease. Furthermore, all of these components have genetic factors that may be involved in the pathogenic changes occurring. The familial nature of pre-eclampsia has been known for many years and, as such, extensive genetic research has been carried out in this area using strategies that include candidate gene studies and linkage analysis. Interactions between fetal and maternal genotypes, the effect of environmental factors, and epistasis will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Williams
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Molecular and Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, UK.
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STOX1: Key player in trophoblast dysfunction underlying early onset preeclampsia with growth retardation. J Pregnancy 2010; 2011:521826. [PMID: 21490791 PMCID: PMC3066643 DOI: 10.1155/2011/521826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, only two preeclampsia susceptibility genes (ACVR2A, STOX1) have been identified within confirmed regions with significant genome-wide linkage, although many genetic screens in multiple populations have been performed. In this paper, we focus on the STOX1 gene. The epigenetic status of this gene is discussed explaining the maternal transmission of the STOX1 susceptibility allele observed in preeclamptic families. The known upstream regulation and downstream effector genes of the transcription factor STOX1 are described. Finally, we propose a model in which we combine the cell type-specific and allele-specific effects of STOX1. This includes intrinsic effects (differential CpG island methylation) and extrinsic effects (regulation of effector genes).
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Fenstad MH, Johnson MP, Løset M, Mundal SB, Roten LT, Eide IP, Bjørge L, Sande RK, Johansson AK, Dyer TD, Forsmo S, Blangero J, Moses EK, Austgulen R. STOX2 but not STOX1 is differentially expressed in decidua from pre-eclamptic women: data from the Second Nord-Trondelag Health Study. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:960-8. [PMID: 20643876 PMCID: PMC2989830 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the Storkhead box-1 (STOX1) gene has previously been associated with pre-eclampsia. In this study, we assess candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STOX1 in an independent population cohort of pre-eclamptic (n = 1.139) and non-pre-eclamptic (n = 2.269) women (the HUNT2 study). We also compare gene expression levels of STOX1 and its paralogue, Storkhead box-2 (STOX2) in decidual tissue from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) (n = 40) to expression levels in decidual tissue from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 59). We cannot confirm association of the candidate SNPs to pre-eclampsia (P > 0.05). For STOX1, no differential gene expression was observed in any of the case groups, whereas STOX2 showed significantly lower expression in deciduas from pregnancies complicated by both pre-eclampsia and FGR as compared with controls (P = 0.01). We further report a strong correlation between transcriptional alterations reported previously in choriocarcinoma cells over expressing STOX1A and alterations observed in decidual tissue of pre-eclamptic women with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Fenstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7006, Norway.
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Auer J, Camoin L, Guillonneau F, Rigourd V, Chelbi ST, Leduc M, Laparre J, Mignot TM, Vaiman D. Serum profile in preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction revealed by iTRAQ technology. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1004-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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