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Niu X, Wang J, Liu J, Yu Q, Ci M. 17β-Estradiol promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer through the Calpain/YAP/β-catenin signaling axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298184. [PMID: 38547301 PMCID: PMC10977805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is an important regulator of malignant progression. 17β-Estradiol (E2), an important sex hormone in women, promotes the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, whether β-catenin is involved in E2-induced metastasis of TNBC remains unknown. In this study, we show that E2 induces the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC cells. E2 induces β-catenin protein expression and nuclear translocation, thereby regulating the expression of target genes such as Cyclin D1 and MMP-9. The inhibition of β-catenin reversed the E2-induced cell malignant behaviors. Additionally, E2 activated Calpain by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and reducing calpastatin levels. When Calpain was inhibited, E2 did not induce the proliferation, migration, invasion, or metastasis of TNBC cells. In addition, E2 promoted translocation of YAP into the nucleus by inhibiting its phosphorylation. Calpain inhibition reversed the E2-induced YAP dephosphorylation. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity reversed the effects of E2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and β-catenin of TNBC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that E2 induced metastasis-related behaviors in TNBC cells and this effect was mediated through the Calpain/YAP/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Niu
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jinguang Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglong Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Ci
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
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2
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Alex NS, Khan HR, Ramachandra SG, Medhamurthy R. Pregnancy-associated Steroid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity, Adipogenesis, and Lipogenesis: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad076. [PMID: 37440965 PMCID: PMC10334487 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The shift in maternal energy metabolism characteristic of pregnancy is thought to be driven by various hormonal changes, especially of ovarian and placental steroids. Imbalances in circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels during this period are often associated with metabolic disturbances leading to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Since abnormalities in the Wnt pathway effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) are commonly associated with the occurrence of GDM, we hypothesized that the canonical or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway mediates the metabolic actions of E2 and P4. Objective Our study was aimed at elucidating the metabolic function of the steroids E2 and P4, and examining the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in mediating the actions of these steroids. Methods The ovariectomized (OVX) rat was used as a model system to study the effect of known concentrations of exogenously administered E2 and P4. Niclosamide (Nic) was administered to block Wnt signaling. 3T3-L1 cells were used to analyze changes in differentiation in the presence of the steroids or niclosamide. Results In the present study, we observed that E2 enhanced insulin sensitivity and inhibited lipogenesis while P4 increased lipogenic gene expression-in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of OVX rats when the dosage of E2 and P4 mimicked that of pregnancy. Both E2 and P4 were also found to upregulate Wnt signaling. Nic nhibited the steroid-mediated increase in Wnt signaling in adipocytes and OVX rats. The insulin-sensitizing and antilipogenic actions of E2 were found to be mediated by the canonical Wnt pathway, but the effects of P4 on lipogenesis appeared to be independent of it. Additionally, it was observed that inhibition of Wnt signaling by Nic hastened adipogenic differentiation, and the inhibitory effect of E2 on differentiation was prevented by Nic. Conclusion The findings presented in this study highlight the role of steroids and Wnt pathway in glucose and lipid metabolism and are relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders arising from hormonal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Sara Alex
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibur Rahaman Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Subbaraya Gudde Ramachandra
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Long Y, Wang W, Du F, Li J, Jin F, Li Z. Stimulation of hair growth by Tianma Gouteng decoction: Identifying mechanisms based on chemical analysis, systems biology approach, and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1073392. [PMID: 36588691 PMCID: PMC9802907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1073392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair serves important physiological functions, including temperature regulation and scalp protection. However, excessive shedding not only impacts these functions but can also significantly affect mental health and quality of life. Tianma Gouteng decoction (TGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of various conditions, including hair loss. However, the associated mechanism underlying its anti-alopecia effect remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate these mechanisms by employing systematic biology approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental validation. The chemical constituents of Tianma Gouteng decoction were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS, from which 39 potential bioactive components were screened, while an additional 131 putative Tianma Gouteng decoction beneficial components were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. We then applied a dual-dimensional network pharmacology approach to analyze the data, followed by validation studies combining molecular docking techniques with in vivo and in vitro experiments. From the 39 bioactive components, including quercetin, luteolin, fisetin, wogonin, oroxylin A, boldine, tetrahydroalstonine, and galangin A, 782 corresponding targets were identified. In particular, GSK3β and β-catenin exhibited strong binding activity with the bioactive compounds. Hence, construction of a bioactive component-target network revealed that the mechanism underlying the anti-alopecia mechanism of Tianma Gouteng decoction primarily involved the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, C57BL/6J mice exhibited measurable improvements in hair follicle regeneration following treatment with Tianma Gouteng decoction. Additionally, β-catenin and p-GSK3β levels were upregulated, while GSK3β was downregulated in Tianma Gouteng decoction-treated animals and dermal papilla cells compared to control group. These in vivo and in vitro outcomes validated the targets and pathways predicted in the network pharmacology analysis of Tianma Gouteng decoction. This study provides a systematic analysis approach to identify the underlying anti-alopecia mechanisms of Tianma Gouteng decoction, further providing theoretical support for clinical assessment of Tianma Gouteng decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunluan Long
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wuji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fanpan Du
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Zheng Li,
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The Genomic Architecture of Pregnancy-Associated Plasticity in the Maternal Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0117-22.2022. [PMID: 36239981 PMCID: PMC9522463 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0117-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with extraordinary plasticity in the maternal brain. Studies in humans and other mammals suggest extensive structural and functional remodeling of the female brain during and after pregnancy. However, we understand remarkably little about the molecular underpinnings of this natural phenomenon. To gain insight into pregnancy-associated hippocampal plasticity, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and snATAC-seq from the mouse hippocampus before, during, and after pregnancy. We identified cell type-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures associated with pregnancy and postpartum adaptation. In addition, we analyzed receptor-ligand interactions and transcription factor (TF) motifs that inform hippocampal cell type identity and provide evidence of pregnancy-associated adaption. In total, these data provide a unique resource of coupled transcriptional and epigenetic data across a dynamic time period in the mouse hippocampus and suggest opportunities for functional interrogation of hormone-mediated plasticity.
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Embryonic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Extract Impedes Skeletal Development and Evokes Craniofacial Defects in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179904. [PMID: 36077301 PMCID: PMC9456249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke represents the largest source of preventable death and disease in the United States. This may be in part due to the nature of the delayed harmful effects as well as the lack of awareness of the scope of harm presented by these products. The presence of “light” versions further clouds the harmful effects of tobacco products. While active smoking in expectant mothers may be reduced by educational and outreach campaigns, exposure to secondhand smoke is often involuntary yet may harm the developing embryo. In this study, we show that the main component of secondhand smoke, sidestream cigarette smoke, from several brands, including harm-reduction versions, triggered unsuccessful hatching at 3 dpf and reduced overall survival at 6 dpf in developing zebrafish. At non-lethal concentrations, craniofacial defects with different severity based on the cigarette smoke extract were noted by 6 dpf. All tested products, including harm-reduction products, significantly impacted cartilage formation and/or bone mineralization in zebrafish embryos, independent of whether the bones/cartilage formed from the mesoderm or neural crest. Together, these results in a model system often used to detect embryonic malformations imply that exposure of a woman to secondhand smoke while pregnant may lead to mineralization issues in the skeleton of her newborn, ultimately adding a direct in utero association to the increased fracture risk observed in children of mothers exposed to cigarette smoke.
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S-SCAM inhibits Axin-dependent synaptic function of GSK3β in a sex-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4090. [PMID: 35260764 PMCID: PMC8904762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S-SCAM/MAGI-2 gene duplication is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ). S-SCAM overexpression in the forebrain induces SCZ-like phenotypes in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Interestingly, S-SCAM Tg mice show male-specific impairments in synaptic plasticity and working memory. However, mechanisms underlying the sex-specific deficits remain unknown. Here we report that S-SCAM Tg mice have male-specific deficits in synaptic GSK3β functions, as shown by reduced synaptic protein levels and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β. This GSK3β hyper-phosphorylation was associated with increased CaMKII activities. Notably, synaptic levels of Axin1, to which GSK3β binds in competition with S-SCAM, were also reduced in male S-SCAM Tg mice. We demonstrated that Axin-binding is required for the S-SCAM overexpression-induced synaptic GSK3β reduction. Axin stabilization using XAV939 rescued the GSK3β deficits and restored the temporal activation of GSK3β during long-term depression in S-SCAM overexpressing neurons. Interestingly, synaptic Axin2 levels were increased in female S-SCAM Tg mice. Female sex hormone 17β-estradiol increased Axin2 expression and increased synaptic GSK3β levels in S-SCAM overexpressing neurons. These results reveal the role of S-SCAM in controlling Axin-dependent synaptic localization of GSK3β. Moreover, our studies point out the pathological relevance of GSK3β hypofunction found in humans and contribute to understanding the molecular underpinnings of sex differences in SCZ.
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7
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Oestrogen Activates the MAP3K1 Cascade and β-Catenin to Promote Granulosa-like Cell Fate in a Human Testis-Derived Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810046. [PMID: 34576208 PMCID: PMC8471392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination triggers the differentiation of the bi-potential gonad into either an ovary or testis. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the presence or absence of oestrogen dictates gonad differentiation, while in mammals, this mechanism has been supplanted by the testis-determining gene SRY. Exogenous oestrogen can override this genetic trigger to shift somatic cell fate in the gonad towards ovarian developmental pathways by limiting the bioavailability of the key testis factor SOX9 within somatic cells. Our previous work has implicated the MAPK pathway in mediating the rapid cellular response to oestrogen. We performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to investigate the precise mechanism through which oestrogen impacts these pathways to activate β-catenin-a factor essential for ovarian development. We show that oestrogen can activate β-catenin within 30 min, concomitant with the cytoplasmic retention of SOX9. This occurs through changes to the MAP3K1 cascade, suggesting this pathway is a mechanism through which oestrogen influences gonad somatic cell fate. We demonstrate that oestrogen can promote the shift from SOX9 pro-testis activity to β-catenin pro-ovary activity through activation of MAP3K1. Our findings define a previously unknown mechanism through which oestrogen can promote a switch in gonad somatic cell fate and provided novel insights into the impacts of exogenous oestrogen exposure on the testis.
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8
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Stewart MK, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8377. [PMID: 33171657 PMCID: PMC7664701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of testicular dysgenesis syndrome-related conditions and overall decline in human fertility has been linked to the prevalence of oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. Ectopic activation of oestrogen signalling by EDCs in the gonad can impact testis and ovary function and development. Oestrogen is the critical driver of ovarian differentiation in non-mammalian vertebrates, and in its absence a testis will form. In contrast, oestrogen is not required for mammalian ovarian differentiation, but it is essential for its maintenance, illustrating it is necessary for reinforcing ovarian fate. Interestingly, exposure of the bi-potential gonad to exogenous oestrogen can cause XY sex reversal in marsupials and this is mediated by the cytoplasmic retention of the testis-determining factor SOX9 (sex-determining region Y box transcription factor 9). Oestrogen can similarly suppress SOX9 and activate ovarian genes in both humans and mice, demonstrating it plays an essential role in all mammals in mediating gonad somatic cell fate. Here, we review the molecular control of gonad differentiation and explore the mechanisms through which exogenous oestrogen can influence somatic cell fate to disrupt gonad development and function. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for defining the effects of oestrogenic EDCs on the developing gonads and ultimately their impacts on human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K. Stewart
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.M.M.); (A.J.P.)
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9
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Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt Signaling Activation on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Bone Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218301. [PMID: 33167497 PMCID: PMC7663944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice.
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10
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Vahidinia Z, Karimian M, Joghataei MT. Neurosteroids and their receptors in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Taxier LR, Philippi SM, Fortress AM, Frick KM. Dickkopf-1 blocks 17β-estradiol-enhanced object memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice. Horm Behav 2019; 114:104545. [PMID: 31228421 PMCID: PMC6732224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The memory-enhancing effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) depend upon rapid activation of several cell-signaling cascades within the dorsal hippocampus (DH). Among the many cell-signaling pathways that mediate memory processes, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has emerged as a potential key player because of its importance to hippocampal development and synaptic plasticity. However, whether E2 interacts with Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote memory consolidation is unknown. Therefore, the present study examined whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling within the DH is necessary for E2-induced memory consolidation in ovariectomized mice tested in the object recognition and object placement tasks. Ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice received immediate post-training infusions of E2 or vehicle into the dorsal third ventricle plus the endogenous Wnt/β-catenin antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) or vehicle into the DH to assess whether the memory-enhancing effects of E2 depend on activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results suggest that Dkk-1 blocks E2-induced memory enhancement as hypothesized, but may do so by only moderately blunting Wnt/β-catenin signaling while concurrently activating Wnt/JNK signaling. The current study provides novel insights into the mechanisms through which E2 enhances memory consolidation in the DH, as well as critical information about the mechanistic actions of Dkk-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Taxier
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
| | - Sarah M Philippi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
| | - Ashley M Fortress
- V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States.
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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Badimon L, Casaní L, Camino-Lopez S, Juan-Babot O, Borrell-Pages M. GSK3β inhibition and canonical Wnt signaling in mice hearts after myocardial ischemic damage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218098. [PMID: 31220102 PMCID: PMC6586285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial infarction induces myocardial injury and tissue damage. During myocardial infarction strong cellular response is initiated to salvage the damaged tissues. This response is associated with the induction of different signaling pathways. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling is increasingly important for its prosurvival cellular role, making it a good candidate for the search of new molecular targets to develop therapies to prevent heart failure in infarcted patients. Methods Herein we report that GSK3β regulates the canonical Wnt signaling in C57Bl6 mice hearts. GSK3β is a canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor. Using GSK3β inhibitors and inducing myocardial injury (MI) in Lrp5-/- mice model we show that GSK3β phosphorylation levels regulate downstream canonical Wnt pathway genes in the ischemic heart. In the setting of MI, myocardial damage assessment usually correlates with functional and clinical outcomes. Therefore, we measured myocardial injury size in Wt and Lrp5-/- mice in the presence and absence of two different GSK3 inhibitors prior to MI. Myocardial injury was independent of GSK3 inhibitor treatments and GSK3β expression levels. Results These studies support a central role for GSK3β in the activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in the Wt heart. Although LRP5 is protective against myocardial injury, GSK3β expression levels do not regulate heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino-Lopez
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Juan-Babot
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Veiga ECDA, Simões R, Valenti VE, Cipolla-Neto J, Abreu LC, Barros EPM, Sorpreso ICE, Baracat MCP, Baracat EC, Soares Junior JM. Repercussions of melatonin on the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:699-705. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Breast Cancer is common in women, but its etiology is not yet fully understood. Several factors may contribute to its genesis, such as genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Melatonin may be involved in the process of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the levels of melatonin on breast cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations. The primary databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were consulted. There was no restriction on the year of publication and language. Data of systematic reviews from April 2017 to September to 2017 were analyzed. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. From a total of 570 articles, 9 manuscripts were included in this review. They analy onzed women with breast cancer and control patients, of which 10% and 90% were in the reproductive period and after menopause, respectively. The lowest level of melatonin was found in approximately 55% of studies with breast cancer in post-menopause. The metanalyses of the studies demonstrated low levels of melatonin in breast cancer patients (n=963) compared with control patients (n= 1332), with a mean difference between the studies of −3.54 (CI −6.01, −1.06). Another difference found was in the comparison between smoking patients, with an average difference between 1.80 [0.97-2.63]. Our data suggest that low levels of melatonin might be a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Fortress AM, Avcu P, Wagner AK, Dixon CE, Pang KCH. Experimental traumatic brain injury results in estrous cycle disruption, neurobehavioral deficits, and impaired GSK3β/β-catenin signaling in female rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 315:42-51. [PMID: 30710530 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 2.8 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur within the United States each year. Approximately 40% of new TBI cases are female, however few studies have investigated the effects of TBI on female subjects. In addition to typical neurobehavioral sequelae observed after TBI, such as poor cognition, impaired behavior, and somatic symptoms, women with TBI report amenorrhea or irregular menstrual cycles suggestive of disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. HPG dysfunction following TBI has been linked to poor functional outcome in men and women, but the mechanisms by which this may occur or relate to behavior has not been fully developed or ascertained. The present study determined if TBI resulted in HPG axis perturbations in young adult female Sprague Dawley rats, and whether TBI was associated with cognitive and sensorimotor deficits. Following lateral fluid percussion injury, injured females spent significantly more time in diestrus compared to sham females, consistent with a persistent low sex-steroid hormone state. Injured females displayed significantly reduced 17β-estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone levels. Concomitantly, injured females were impaired in spatial working memory compared to shams. Impaired GSK3β/β-catenin signaling related to synaptic changes was evident one-week post-injury in the hippocampus among injured females compared to sham females, and this impairment paralleled the deficits in spatial working memory. Sensorimotor function, as evidenced by suppression of the acoustic startle response, was chronically impaired even after normal estrous cycling resumed. These data demonstrate that TBI results in estrous cycle impairments, memory dysfunction, and perturbations in GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, suggesting a potential mechanism for HPG-mediated cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fortress
- NeuroBehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Mailstop 151, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
| | - Pelin Avcu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Center for Neuroscience, 3471 Fifth Avenue Suite 202, Kaufman BuildingUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Mailstop 151, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Center for Neuroscience, 3471 Fifth Avenue Suite 202, Kaufman BuildingUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kevin C H Pang
- NeuroBehavioral Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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15
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Céspedes Rubio ÁE, Pérez-Alvarez MJ, Lapuente Chala C, Wandosell F. Sex steroid hormones as neuroprotective elements in ischemia models. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R65-R81. [PMID: 29654072 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among sex steroid hormones, progesterone and estradiol have a wide diversity of physiological activities that target the nervous system. Not only are they carried by the blood stream, but also they are locally synthesized in the brain and for this reason, estradiol and progesterone are considered 'neurosteroids'. The physiological actions of both hormones range from brain development and neurotransmission to aging, illustrating the importance of a deep understanding of their mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize key roles that estradiol and progesterone play in the brain. As numerous reports have confirmed a substantial neuroprotective role for estradiol in models of neurodegenerative disease, we focus this review on traumatic brain injury and stroke models. We describe updated data from receptor and signaling events triggered by both hormones, with an emphasis on the mechanisms that have been reported as 'rapid' or 'cytoplasmic actions'. Data showing the therapeutic effects of the hormones, used alone or in combination, are also summarized, with a focus on rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Finally, we draw attention to evidence that neuroprotection by both hormones might be due to a combination of 'cytoplasmic' and 'nuclear' signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Enrique Céspedes Rubio
- Departamento de Sanidad AnimalGrupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Maria José Pérez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal)Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Lapuente Chala
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInvestigador Asociado Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
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16
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Herrera JL, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Fabrias G, Casas J, Morales A, Hernandez G, Acosta NG, Rodriguez C, Prieto-Valiente L, Garcia-Segura LM, Alonso R, Wandosell FG. Ovarian Function Modulates the Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:103. [PMID: 29740285 PMCID: PMC5928148 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Different dietary ratios of n−6/n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may alter brain lipid profile, neural activity, and brain cognitive function. To determine whether ovarian hormones influence the effect of diet on the brain, ovariectomized and sham-operated mice continuously treated with placebo or estradiol were fed for 3 months with diets containing low or high n−6/n−3 LC-PUFA ratios. The fatty acid (FA) profile and expression of key neuronal proteins were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, with intact female mice on standard diet serving as internal controls of brain lipidome composition. Diets containing different concentrations of LC-PUFAs greatly modified total FAs, sphingolipids, and gangliosides in the cerebral cortex. Some of these changes were dependent on ovarian hormones, as they were not detected in ovariectomized animals, and in the case of complex lipids, the effect of ovariectomy was partially or totally reversed by continuous administration of estradiol. However, even though differential dietary LC-PUFA content modified the expression of neuronal proteins such as synapsin and its phosphorylation level, PSD-95, amyloid precursor protein (APP), or glial proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an effect also dependent on the presence of the ovary, chronic estradiol treatment was unable to revert the dietary effects on brain cortex synaptic proteins. These results suggest that, in addition to stable estradiol levels, other ovarian hormones such as progesterone and/or cyclic ovarian secretory activity could play a physiological role in the modulation of dietary LC-PUFAs on the cerebral cortex, which may have clinical implications for post-menopausal women on diets enriched with different proportions of n−3 and n−6 LC-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Guadalberto Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nieves G Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco G Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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17
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The Association of Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7698193. [PMID: 29581795 PMCID: PMC5822871 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7698193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Intrauterine sex hormone environment as indicated by the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) can be associated with cancer risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of 2D : 4D with cancer diagnosis, malignancy, and age at presentation. Methods Studies that evaluated the association of 2D : 4D with cancer risk were collected from Pubmed/MEDLINE and Clarivate Analytics databases. Nineteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Results The 2D : 4D ratio was studied in prostate cancer, breast cancer, testicular cancer, gastric cancer, oral cancer, brain tumors, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Low 2D : 4D was associated with prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and brain tumors, while high 2D : 4D, with breast cancer risk and cervical dysplasia. The 2D : 4D ratio was not associated with prostate, breast, and gastric cancer stage. Greater 2D : 4D ratio was associated with younger presentation of breast cancer and brain tumors. The meta-analyses demonstrated that testicular cancer was not associated with right-hand 2D : 4D ratio (p = 0.74) and gastric cancer was not associated with right-hand (p = 0.15) and left-hand (p = 0.95) 2D : 4D ratio. Conclusions Sex hormone environment during early development is associated with cancer risk later in life. Further studies exploring the link between intrauterine hormone environment and cancer risk are encouraged.
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18
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MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma maintains an aggressive and undifferentiated phenotype by deregulation of estrogen and NGF signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1229-E1238. [PMID: 29374092 PMCID: PMC5819392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB), a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is challenging to treat. MYCN is frequently amplified in high-risk NB and is linked to an undifferentiated phenotype and poor prognosis. Estrogen and nerve growth factor (NGF) are inducers of neural differentiation, a process associated with a favorable disease. We show that MYCN suppresses estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and thereby NGF signaling and neural differentiation. ERα overexpression is sufficient to interfere with different tumorigenic processes and tumor growth. In patients with NB, ERα expression correlates with several clinical markers for good prognosis. Importantly, not only ERα but also the majority of other nuclear hormone receptors are linked to favorable NB, suggesting a potential prognostic and therapeutic value for these proteins. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a remarkably heterogenic childhood tumor of the sympathetic nervous system with clinical behavior ranging from spontaneous regression to poorly differentiated tumors and metastasis. MYCN is amplified in 20% of cases and correlates with an undifferentiated, aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors TrkA and p75NTR are involved in neuronal differentiation and survival. We have previously shown that MYCN, via miR-18a, targets ERα in NB cells. Here, we demonstrate that interference with miR-18a or overexpression of ERα is sufficient to induce NGF signaling and to modulate both basal and NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in MYCN-amplified NB cells. Proteomic analysis confirmed an increase of neuronal features and showed that processes linked to tumor initiation and progression were inhibited upon ERα overexpression. Indeed, ectopic ERα expression was sufficient to inhibit metabolic activity and tumorigenic processes, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell viability, migration, and anchorage independent growth. Importantly, ERα overexpression reduced tumor burden in NB mouse models and high ERα levels were linked to improved survival in patients. In addition to ERα, several other nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), including the glucocorticoid and the retinoic acid receptors, correlated with clinical markers for favorable and low-stage NB disease. Our data suggest that MYCN targets ERα and thereby NGF signaling to maintain an undifferentiated and aggressive phenotype. Notably, we identified the estrogen–NGF crosstalk, as well as a set of other NHRs, as potential prognostic markers and targets for therapeutic strategies against NB.
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19
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Role of estrogen receptor beta in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10428-E10437. [PMID: 29133394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714094114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to propagate mature cells and tissue from pluripotent stem cells offers enormous promise for treating many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Before such cells can be used successfully in neurodegenerative diseases without causing unwanted cell growth and migration, genes regulating growth and migration of neural stem cells need to be well characterized. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is essential for migration of neurons and glial cells in the developing mouse brain. To examine whether ERβ influences differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) into neural lineages, we compared control and ERβ knockout (BERKO) mESCs at defined stages of neural development and examined the effects of an ERβ-selective ligand (LY3201) with a combination of global and targeted gene-expression profiling and the expression of key pluripotency markers. We found that ERβ was induced in embryoid bodies (EBs) and neural precursor cells (NPCs) during development. Proliferation was higher in BERKO NPCs and was inhibited by LY3201. Neurogenesis was reduced in BERKO ES cells, and oligodendrogliogenesis was enhanced. BERKO EBs expressed higher levels of key ectodermal and neural progenitor markers and lower levels of markers for mesoderm and endoderm lineages. ERβ-regulated factors are involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, and signaling of Notch and GABA receptor pathways, as well as factors important for the differentiation of neuronal precursors into dopaminergic neurons (Engrailed 1) and for the oligodendrocyte fate acquisition (Olig2). Our data suggest that ERβ is an important component for differentiation into midbrain neurons as well as for preventing precocious oligodendrogliogenesis.
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20
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Chen YF, Velmurugan BK, Wang HL, Tu CC, Che RJ, Chen MC, Jen LB, Vishwanadha VP, Hsu HH, Huang CY. Estrogen and ERα enhanced β-catenin degradation and suppressed its downstream target genes to block the metastatic function of HA22T hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulating GSK-3β and β-TrCP expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:519-529. [PMID: 26990689 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In our previous experiments, we found β-catenin was highly expressed in the tumor area with high invasive ability and poor prognosis. In this study, we have examined the mechanism by which ERα regulates β-catenin expression as well as the metastasis ability of hepatocellular cancer HA22T cells. To identify whether the anticancer effect of estrogen and ERα is mediated through suppression of β-catenin expression, we co-transfected pCMV-β-catenin and ERα into HA22T cells, and determined the cell motility by wound healing, invasion, and migration assays. Results showed that estrogen and/or ERα inhibited β-catenin gene expression and repressed HA22T cell motility demonstrated that similar data was observed in cells expressing the ERα stable clone. Moreover, we examined the protein-protein interaction between ERα and β-catenin by immunostain, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting. E2 enhanced the binding of ERα with β-catenin and then triggered β-catenin to bind with E3 ligase (βTrCP) to promote β-catenin degradation. Finally by employing systematic ChIP studies, we showed ERα can interact directly with the β-catenin promoter region following E2 treatment. All our results reveal that estrogen and ERα blocked metastatic function of HA22T cells by modulating GSK3β and βTrCP expression and further enhanced β-catenin degradation and suppressed its downstream target genes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 519-529, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Section of Cardiology, Yuan Rung Hospital, Yuanlin, Taiwan
| | | | - Hwai-Lee Wang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Che
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Aktary Z, Bertrand JU, Larue L. The WNT-less wonder: WNT-independent β-catenin signaling. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:524-40. [PMID: 27311806 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin is known as an Armadillo protein that regulates gene expression following WNT pathway activation. However, WNT-independent pathways also activate β-catenin. During the establishment of the melanocyte lineage, β-catenin plays an important role. In the context of physiopathology, β-catenin is activated genetically or transiently in various cancers, including melanoma, where it can be found in the nucleus of tumors. In this review, we discuss alternative pathways that activate β-catenin independent of WNTs and highlight what is known regarding these pathways in melanoma. We also discuss the role of β-catenin as a transcriptional regulator in various cell types, with emphasis on the different transcription factors it associates with independent of WNT induction. Finally, the role of WNT-independent β-catenin in melanocyte development and melanomagenesis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackie Aktary
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette U Bertrand
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France. .,CNRS UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. .,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France.
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22
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Lai YJ, Yu D, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4113-4126. [PMID: 27324789 PMCID: PMC5509832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the changes in the molecular and cellular processes of neural circuits that occur in response to environmental experiences. Clinical and experimental studies have increasingly shown that estrogens participate in the neuroplasticity involved in cognition, behavior, and memory. It is generally accepted that estrogens exert their effects through genomic actions that occur over a period of hours to days. However, emerging evidence indicates that estrogens also rapidly influence the neural circuitry through nongenomic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and discuss how these actions may cooperate in synaptic plasticity. We then summarize the role of epigenetic modifications, synaptic protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, and the splice variants of estrogen receptors in the complicated network of estrogens. The combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms endows estrogens with considerable diversity in modulating neural functions including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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23
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Abstract
Wnt signaling has emerged in recent years as a major player in both nervous system development and adult synaptic plasticity. Of particular relevance to researchers studying learning and memory, Wnt signaling is critical for normal functioning of the hippocampus, a brain region that is essential for many types of memory formation and whose dysfunction is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Impaired hippocampal Wnt signaling is implicated in several of these conditions, however, little is known about how Wnt signaling mediates hippocampal memory formation. This review will provide a general overview of Wnt signaling and discuss evidence demonstrating a key role for Wnt signaling in hippocampal memory formation in both normal and disease states. The regulation of Wnt signaling by ovarian sex steroid hormones will also be highlighted, given that the neuroprotection afforded by Wnt-hormone interactions may have significant implications for cognitive function in aging, neurodegenerative disease, and ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fortress
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI, USA
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24
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Smith LC, Clark JC, Bisesi JH, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. Differential recruitment of co-regulatory proteins to the human estrogen receptor 1 in response to xenoestrogens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:159-173. [PMID: 27156127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The diverse biological effects of xenoestrogens may be explained by their ability to differentially recruit co-regulatory proteins to the estrogen receptor (ER). We employed high-throughput receptor affinity binding and co-regulatory protein recruitment screening assays based on fluorescence polarization and time resolved florescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), respectively, to assess xenoestrogen-specific binding and co-regulatory protein recruitment to the ER. Then we used a functional proteomic assay based on co-immunoprecipitation of ER-bound proteins to isolate and identify intact co-regulatory proteins recruited to a ligand-activated ER. Through these approaches, we revealed differential binding affinity of bisphenol-A (BPA) and genistein (GEN) to the human ERα (ESR1) and ligand-dependent recruitment of SRC-1 and SRC-3 peptides. Recruitment profiles were variable for each ligand and in some cases were distinct compared to 17β-estradiol (E2). For example, E2 and GEN recruited both SRC-1 and -3 peptides whereas BPA recruited only SRC-1 peptides. Results of the functional proteomic assay showed differential recruitment between ligands where E2 recruited the greatest number of proteins followed by BPA then GEN. A number of proteins share previously identified relationships with ESR1 as determined by STRING analysis. Although there was limited overlap in proteins identified between treatments, all ligands recruited proteins involved in cell growth as determined by subnetwork enrichment analysis (p<0.05). A comparative, in silico analysis revealed that fewer interactions exist between zebrafish (Danio rerio) esr1 and zebrafish orthologs of proteins identified in our functional proteomic analysis. Taken together these results identify recruitment of known and previously unknown co-regulatory proteins to ESR1 and highlight new methods to assay recruitment of low abundant and intact, endogenous co-regulatory proteins to ESR1 or other nuclear receptors, in both human and aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cody Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jessica C Clark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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25
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Padmanabhan RA, Laloraya M. Estrogen-Initiated Protein Interactomes During Embryo Implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:256-62. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renjini A. Padmanabhan
- Division of Molecular Reproduction; Female Reproduction and Metabolic syndromes laboratory; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Poojappura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Division of Molecular Reproduction; Female Reproduction and Metabolic syndromes laboratory; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Poojappura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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Xiong W, Zhang L, Yu L, Xie W, Man Y, Xiong Y, Liu H, Liu Y. Estradiol promotes cells invasion by activating β-catenin signaling pathway in endometriosis. Reproduction 2015; 150:507-16. [PMID: 26432349 PMCID: PMC4633770 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease that involves the adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis of endometrial tissues outside of the uterine cavity. We hypothesized that a link exists between estrogen and beta-catenin (β-catenin) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were separated from eutopic endometrial tissues that were obtained from patients with endometriosis. β-catenin expression and cells invasiveness ability were up-regulated by 17β-estradiol (E2) in an estrogen receptor (ESR)-dependent manner, whereas β-catenin siRNA abrogated this phenomenon. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation and dual immunofluorescence studies confirmed ESR1, β-catenin, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 co-localization in the nucleus in HESCs after E2 treatment. To determine the role of β-catenin signaling in the implantation of ectopic endometrium, we xenotransplanted eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients into ovariectomized severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The implantation of the endometrium was suppressed by β-catenin siRNA. Collectively, studies regarding β-catenin signaling are critical for improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of estrogen-induced endometriosis, which can translate into the development of treatments and therapeutic strategies for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yicun Man
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Road, Wuhan, China
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ERβ induces the differentiation of cultured osteoblasts by both Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathways. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Disrupted Hippocampal Neurogenesis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Potential Therapeutic Target? Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1319-32. [PMID: 26012365 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is one of the most common clinical neurological disorders. One of the major pathological findings in temporal lobe epilepsy is hippocampal sclerosis, characterized by massive neuronal loss and severe gliosis. The epileptogenesis process of temporal lobe epilepsy usually starts with initial precipitating insults, followed by neurodegeneration, abnormal hippocampus circuitry reorganization, and the formation of hypersynchronicity. Experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that dysfunctional neurogenesis is involved in the epileptogenesis. Recent data demonstrate that neurogenesis is induced by acute seizures or precipitating insults, whereas the capacity of neuronal recruitment and proliferation substantially decreases in the chronic phase of epilepsy. Participation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in neurogenesis reveals its importance in epileptogenesis; its dysfunction contributes to the structural and functional abnormality of temporal lobe epilepsy, while rescuing this pathway exerts neuroprotective effects. Here, we summarize data supporting the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epileptogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. We also propose that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may serve as a promising therapeutic target for temporal lobe epilepsy treatment.
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Hilakivi-Clarke L. Maternal exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and increased breast cancer risk in daughters. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:208. [PMID: 25032259 PMCID: PMC4053091 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that susceptibility to breast cancer is determined not only through inherited germline mutations but also by epigenetic changes induced by alterations in hormonal environment during fetal development is gaining increasing support. Using findings obtained in human and animal studies, this review addresses the mechanisms that may explain why daughters of mothers who took synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy have two times higher breast cancer risk than women who were not exposed to it. The mechanisms likely involve epigenetic alterations, such as increased DNA methylation and modifications in histones and microRNA expression. Further, these alterations may target genes that regulate stem cells and prevent differentiation of their daughter cells. Recent findings in a preclinical model suggest that not only are women exposed to DES in utero at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, but this risk may extend to their daughters and granddaughters as well. It is critical, therefore, to determine if the increased risk is driven by epigenetic alterations in genes that increase susceptibility to breast cancer and if these alterations are reversible.
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Fortress AM, Heisler JD, Frick KM. The mTOR and canonical Wnt signaling pathways mediate the mnemonic effects of progesterone in the dorsal hippocampus. Hippocampus 2014; 25:616-29. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Fortress
- Department of Psychology; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - John D. Heisler
- Department of Psychology; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Karyn M. Frick
- Department of Psychology; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee Wisconsin
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31
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Gao YRE, Walters KA, Desai R, Zhou H, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. Androgen receptor inactivation resulted in acceleration in pubertal mammary gland growth, upregulation of ERα expression, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in female mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4951-63. [PMID: 25076121 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in mammary cells of female mammals including humans and mice, indicating a possible role for AR-mediated androgen actions in breast development, function, and pathology, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms of androgen action in mammary gland physiology and development, we used AR-knockout (AR(Δex3)KO) female mice with a universally expressed, transcriptionally inactive AR protein harboring an in-frame deletion of its second zinc finger. Although in sexually mature wild-type (WT) and AR(ex3Δ)KO females, the mammary epithelial growth was fully extended to the edge of the fat pad, during puberty, AR(ex3Δ)KO females exhibit significantly accelerated mammary ductal growth and an increased number of terminal end buds compared with WT females. Accelerated AR(ex3Δ)KO female mammary growth was associated with significantly increased mammary epithelial ERα expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling as shown by increased Wnt4 expression and accumulation of nuclear β-catenin. These findings are consistent with increased mammary estrogen exposure although ovarian estradiol content was unchanged compared with WT females. Furthermore, treatment with the potent pure androgen DHT markedly reduced ductal extension and terminal end bud numbers in WT but not in AR(Δex3)KO females, further supporting the concept that AR-mediated, androgen-induced suppression of murine mammary growth is a physiological characteristic of puberty. In summary, our findings reveal an inhibitory role of AR-mediated androgen actions in pubertal mammary gland development by reducing epithelial cell proliferation and could be mediated by regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ru Ellen Gao
- Andrology Laboratory (Y.R.G., K.A.W., R.D., D.J.H., U.S.) and Bone research Program (H.Z.), ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney New South Wales 2139, Australia
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Arevalo MA, Azcoitia I, Garcia-Segura LM. The neuroprotective actions of oestradiol and oestrogen receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 16:17-29. [PMID: 25423896 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate homeostasis by communicating through the bloodstream to the body's organs, including the brain. As homeostatic regulators of brain function, some hormones exert neuroprotective actions. This is the case for the ovarian hormone 17β-oestradiol, which signals through oestrogen receptors (ERs) that are widely distributed in the male and female brain. Recent discoveries have shown that oestradiol is not only a reproductive hormone but also a brain-derived neuroprotective factor in males and females and that ERs coordinate multiple signalling mechanisms that protect the brain from neurodegenerative diseases, affective disorders and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
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Mork L, Capel B. Conserved action of β-catenin during female fate determination in the red-eared slider turtle. Evol Dev 2014; 15:96-106. [PMID: 25098635 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In reptiles such as the red-eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta, development of an ovary from the bipotential gonad requires a coordinated expansion of the cortical domain and regression of the medulla. While estrogen, which is necessary and sufficient for ovarian development in non-mammalian vertebrates, is thought to feminize both compartments, it remains unclear whether there is a signaling relationship between the two domains that coordinates their fates. We show that aromatase, the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, is localized to the medulla of the differentiating turtle ovary and that differentiation of the medulla precedes and is independent of cortical expansion. Coordinated feminization of the two domains may therefore rely on an estrogenic signal from the differentiating medulla. In eutherian mammals, where estrogen is dispensable for early ovary development, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for female fate determination. Whether this function is conserved among vertebrates and how it is potentially integrated with estrogen signaling are uncertain. Using a novel in vitro turtle gonad culture system, we demonstrate that ectopic activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in presumptive male gonads induced a partial sex-reversal of the medulla, but inhibition of the pathway was not sufficient to sex-reverse differentiating ovaries. These patterns are similar to those previously observed in mice. Wnt signaling appears to function downstream of estrogen, as ectopic activation of the pathway rescued female development when estrogen synthesis was inhibited. Our findings therefore suggest that the ovary-promoting effects of the Wnt signaling pathway may be functionally conserved between mammals and reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Mork
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Chen C, Han S, Meng L, Li Z, Zhang X, Wu A. TERT promoter mutations lead to high transcriptional activity under hypoxia and temozolomide treatment and predict poor prognosis in gliomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100297. [PMID: 24937153 PMCID: PMC4061075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations on transcriptional activity of the TERT gene under hypoxic and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment conditions, and investigated the status and prognostic value of these mutations in gliomas. Methods The effect of TERT promoter mutations on the transcriptional activity of the TERT gene under hypoxic and TMZ treatment conditions was investigated in glioma cells using the luciferase assay. TERT promoter mutations were detected in 101 glioma samples (grades I–IV) and 49 other brain tumors by sequencing. TERT mRNA expression in gliomas was examined by real-time PCR. Hazard ratios from survival analysis of glioma patients were determined relative to the presence of TERT promoter mutations. Results Mutations in the TERT promoter enhanced gene transcription even under hypoxic and TMZ treatment conditions, inducing upregulation of TERT mRNA expression. Mutations were detected in gliomas, but not in meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, cavernomas, intracranial metastases, normal brain tissues, or peripheral blood of glioma patients. Patients with TERT promoter mutations had lower survival rates, even after adjusting for other known or potential risk factors, and the incidence of mutation was correlated with patient age. Conclusion TERT promoter mutations were specific to gliomas. TERT promoter mutations maintained its ability of inducing high transcriptional activity even under hypoxic and TMZ treatment conditions, and the presence of mutations was associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. These findings demonstrate that TERT promoter mutations are novel prognostic markers for gliomas that can inform prospective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking Union Medical University, Peking, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Li R, Cui J, Shen Y. Brain sex matters: estrogen in cognition and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:13-21. [PMID: 24418360 PMCID: PMC4040318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non-reproductive tissues such as liver, heart, muscle, bone and the brain. During the past decade, increasing evidence suggests that brain estrogen can not only be synthesized by neurons, but also by astrocytes. Brain estrogen also works locally at the site of synthesis in paracrine and/or intracrine fashion to maintain important tissue-specific functions. Here, we will focus on the biology of brain estrogen and its impact on cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease. This comprehensive review provides new insights into brain estrogens by presenting a better understanding of the tissue-specific estrogen effects and their roles in healthy ageing and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Li
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education (CHASE), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States.
| | - Jie Cui
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education (CHASE), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States
| | - Yong Shen
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Disorders (CATSBD), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States
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Cao L, Gao H, Li P, Gui S, Zhang Y. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the antitumor effect of fulvestrant on rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5121-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Cao L, Gao H, Gui S, Bai G, Lu R, Wang F, Zhang Y. Effects of the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant on F344 rat prolactinoma models. J Neurooncol 2014; 116:523-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Prion disorders are associated with the accumulation of a misfolded form (PrP(Sc)) of the normal prion protein, PrP(C). Here, we show that estrogen acts as a regulator of the processes of both prion infection and prion maintenance. Estrogen was found to be cell biased in its effect; it protected cells against prion infection in a prevention mode and enabled prion maintenance in a treatment mode. These processes were regulated by the estrogen receptor subtypes Erα and Erβ. By using specific receptor agonists, Erα was found to be the main receptor active in slowing prion infection, whereas in chronically infected cells, although Erα allowed partial maintenance of PrP(Sc) levels, Erβ was the main receptor involved in maintaining PrP(Sc) in a treatment paradigm. A cell-biased effect of estrogen has been reported for other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen's effect is dependent on the cell's health status, which impacts the use of estrogen. This work also identified that by targeting the estrogen receptors with the selective estrogen receptor modulators tamoxifen (Tam) and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (OHT), PrP(Sc) could be cleared from prion-infected cell culture. Tam and OHT had half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for clearance of PrP(Sc) of 0.47 μM and 0.14 nM, respectively. This work identifies further factors involved in the prion disease process, and through antagonism of the estrogen system, we demonstrate that the estrogen system is a target for controlling PrP(Sc) levels.
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Wang XL, Wang N, Zheng LZ, Xie XH, Yao D, Liu MY, Yao ZH, Dai Y, Zhang G, Yao XS, Qin L. Phytoestrogenic molecule desmethylicaritin suppressed adipogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:254-60. [PMID: 23792141 PMCID: PMC7094326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epimedium flavonoids inhibit extravascular lipid deposition during prevention of steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Desmethylicaritin is a bioactive metabolite of Epimedium flavonoids in serum. As it is well known that estrogen inhibits aidpogenesis, so we hypothesized that desmethylicaritin as a phytoestrogen might have the potential to inhibit lipid deposition. This study was designed to investigate the effect of desmethylicaritin on adipogenesis and its underlying mechanism in vitro. Adipogenesis was assessed by Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Bromodeoxyuridine was used to test the clonal expansion. Further, the mRNA level and protein expression of adipgenic and related factors were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The nuclear location of β-catenin was identified using immunofluoresence assay. Our results showed that desmethylicaritin suppressed the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, desmethylicaritin inhibited clonal expansion during adipogenesis. Desmethylicaritin did not affect CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ and β mRNA expression, but decreased the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, adipocyte lipid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase. Desmethylicaritin up-regulated the mRNA expression of Wnt10b that was however down-regulated after adipogenic induction. Desmethylicaritin increased the protein expression of β-catenin both in the cytoplasm and nuclei and immunofluorescence results confirmed that desmethylicaritin increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Above findings implied that desmethylicaritin was able to inhibit adipogenesis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was regulated by desmethylicaritin in the process of suppression of adipogenesis. Above findings supported desmethylicaritin as a novel phytochemical agent for potential prevention of disorders involving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Luan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Ruiz-Palmero I, Hernando M, Garcia-Segura LM, Arevalo MA. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor is required for the neuritogenic mechanism of 17β-estradiol in developing hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:105-15. [PMID: 23545157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol promotes neuritogenesis in developing hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving the upregulation of neurogenin 3, a Notch-regulated transcription factor. In this study we have explored whether G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) participates in this hormonal action. GPER agonists (17β-estradiol, G1, ICI 182,780) increased neurogenin 3 expression and neuritogenesis in mouse primary hippocampal neurons and this effect was blocked by the GPER antagonist G15 and by a siRNA for GPER. In addition, GPER agonists increased Akt phosphorylation in ser473, which is indicative of the activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). G15 or GPER silencing prevented the estrogenic induction of Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin prevented the effect of G1 and estradiol on neurogenin 3 expression and the effect of estradiol on neuritogenesis. These findings suggest that GPER participates in the control of hippocampal neuritogenesis by a mechanism involving the activation of PI3K signaling.
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Abstract
Wnt signalling is activated in both pituitary organogenesis and its mature function. Wnt ligands and Wnt signalling pathways are critical for the regulation of the formation of the pituitary. In the mature pituitary, Wnt signalling pathways control cell activity and may stimulate cell proliferation in both physiological and pathological processes. This review compares Wnt signalling pathways active in the developing and mature pituitary and explores how this gives us further insight into the development of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J G Chambers
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Varea O, Escoll M, Diez H, Garrido J, Wandosell F. Oestradiol signalling through the Akt–mTORC1–S6K1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1052-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, de Assis S, Warri A. Exposures to synthetic estrogens at different times during the life, and their effect on breast cancer risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:25-42. [PMID: 23392570 PMCID: PMC3635108 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer risk. In this review, we discuss the findings that maternal exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy increases breast cancer risk in both exposed mothers and their daughters. In addition, we review data regarding the use of estrogens in oral contraceptives and as postmenopausal hormone therapy and discuss the opposing effects on breast cancer risk based upon timing of exposure. We place particular emphasis on studies investigating how maternal estrogenic exposures during pregnancy increase breast cancer risk among daughters. New data suggest that these exposures induce epigenetic modifications in the mammary gland and germ cells, thereby causing an inheritable increase in breast cancer risk for multiple generations.
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Estrogen regulation of Dkk1 and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in neurodegenerative disease. Brain Res 2012; 1514:63-74. [PMID: 23261660 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2 or estrogen) is an endogenous steroid hormone that is well known to exert neuroprotection. Along these lines, one mechanism through which E2 protects the hippocampus from cerebral ischemia is by preventing the post-ischemic elevation of Dkk1, a neurodegenerative factor that serves as an antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and simultaneously inducing pro-survival Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in hippocampal neurons. Intriguingly, while expression of Dkk1 is required for proper neural development, overexpression of Dkk1 is characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and temporal lobe epilepsy. In this review, we will briefly summarize the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, highlight the current literature linking alterations of Dkk1 and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling with neurological disease, and discuss E2's role in maintaining the delicate balance of Dkk1 and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in the adult brain. Finally, we will consider the implications of long-term E2 deprivation and hormone therapy on this crucial neural pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Hormone Therapy.
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Grimaldi P, Pucci M, Di Siena S, Di Giacomo D, Pirazzi V, Geremia R, Maccarrone M. The faah gene is the first direct target of estrogen in the testis: role of histone demethylase LSD1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:4177-90. [PMID: 22802127 PMCID: PMC11114663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen (E(2)) regulates spermatogenesis, yet its direct target genes have not been identified in the testis. Here, we cloned the proximal 5' flanking region of the mouse fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah) gene upstream of the luciferase reporter gene, and demonstrated its promoter activity and E(2) inducibility in primary mouse Sertoli cells. Specific mutations in the E(2) response elements (ERE) of the faah gene showed that two proximal ERE sequences (ERE2/3) are essential for E(2)-induced transcription, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that E(2) induced estrogen receptor β binding at ERE2/3 sites in the faah promoter in vivo. Moreover, the histone demethylase LSD1 was found to be associated with ERE2/3 sites and to play a role in mediating E(2) induction of FAAH expression. E(2) induced epigenetic modifications at the faah proximal promoter compatible with transcriptional activation by remarkably decreasing methylation of both DNA at CpG site and histone H3 at lysine 9. Finally, FAAH silencing abolished E(2) protection against apoptosis induced by the FAAH substrate anandamide. Taken together, our results identify FAAH as the first direct target of E(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro, 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sara Di Siena
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Giacomo
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pirazzi
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro, 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Geremia
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro, 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy
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46
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Essack M, MacPherson CR, Schmeier S, Bajic VB. Identification of estrogen responsive genes using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:135. [PMID: 23101584 PMCID: PMC3495646 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Estrogen therapy has positively impact the treatment of several cancers, such as prostate, lung and breast cancers. Moreover, several groups have reported the importance of estrogen induced gene regulation in esophageal cancer (EC). This suggests that there could be a potential for estrogen therapy for EC. The efficient design of estrogen therapies requires as complete as possible list of genes responsive to estrogen. Our study develops a systems biology methodology using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model to identify estrogen responsive genes. These genes, on the other hand, could be affected by estrogen therapy in ESCC. Results Based on different sources of information we identified 418 genes implicated in ESCC. Putative estrogen responsive elements (EREs) mapped to the promoter region of the ESCC genes were used to initially identify candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs mapped to the promoter sequence of 30.62% (128/418) of ESCC genes of which 43.75% (56/128) are known to be estrogen responsive, while 56.25% (72/128) are new candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs did not map to 290 ESCC genes. Of these 290 genes, 50.34% (146/290) are known to be estrogen responsive. By analyzing transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in the promoters of the 202 (56+146) known estrogen responsive ESCC genes under study, we found that their regulatory potential may be characterized by 44 significantly over-represented co-localized TFBSs (cTFBSs). We were able to map these cTFBSs to promoters of 32 of the 72 new candidate estrogen responsive ESCC genes, thereby increasing confidence that these 32 ESCC genes are responsive to estrogen since their promoters contain both: a/mapped EREs, and b/at least four cTFBSs characteristic of ESCC genes that are responsive to estrogen. Recent publications confirm that 47% (15/32) of these 32 predicted genes are indeed responsive to estrogen. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge our study is the first to use a cancer disease model as the framework to identify hormone responsive genes. Although we used ESCC as the disease model and estrogen as the hormone, the methodology can be extended analogously to other diseases as the model and other hormones. We believe that our results provide useful information for those interested in genes responsive to hormones and in the design of hormone-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bhukhai K, Suksen K, Bhummaphan N, Janjorn K, Thongon N, Tantikanlayaporn D, Piyachaturawat P, Suksamrarn A, Chairoungdua A. A phytoestrogen diarylheptanoid mediates estrogen receptor/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β protein-dependent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36168-78. [PMID: 22936801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.344747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes growth in many tissues by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Recently, ASPP 049, a diarylheptanoid isolated from Curcuma comosa Roxb., has been identified as a phytoestrogen. This investigation determined the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the estrogenic activity of this diarylheptanoid in transfected HEK 293T and in mouse preosteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) cells using a TOPflash luciferase assay and immunofluorescence. ASPP 049 rapidly activated T-cell-specific transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor-mediated transcription activity and induced β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus. Interestingly, the effects of ASPP 049 on the transcriptional activity and induction and accumulation of β-catenin protein in the nucleus of MC3T3-E1 cells were greater compared with estradiol. Activation of β-catenin in MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited by ICI 182,780, suggesting that an estrogen receptor is required. In addition, ASPP 049 induced phosphorylations at serine 473 of Akt and serine 9 of GSK-3β. Moreover, ASPP 049 also induced proliferation and expressions of Wnt target genes Axin2 and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, ASPP 049 increased alkaline phosphatase expression, and activity that was abolished by DKK-1, a blocker of the Wnt/β-catenin receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that ASPP 049 from C. comosa induced osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation through ERα-, Akt-, and GSK-3β-dependent activation of β-catenin signaling. Our findings provide a scientific rationale for using C. comosa as a dietary supplement to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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48
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Wang PP, Zhu XF, Yang L, Liang H, Feng SW, Zhang RH. Puerarin stimulates osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation through estrogen receptor, p38 MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:897-905. [PMID: 22917468 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.702757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone extracted from Radix Puerariae, a traditional Chinese herb used to treat many diseases such as osteoporosis. In this study, puerarin was shown to stimulate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen (Col I) secretion, and mineralized nodules formation of primary osteoblasts. Whereas the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 was able to reduce the increase in ALP activity and Col I secretion induced by puerarin. Furthermore, puerarin was shown to elevate levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and β-catenin proteins in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of osteoblasts with ICI 182780 can reduce this elevation, whereas pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 did not affect the increase of β-catenin protein. Meanwhile, intragastric administration of puerarin protected against reduction in bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats, and improved femur trabecular bone structure. Taken together, ER, p38 MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were involved in puerarin-stimulated osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Wang
- Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Pérez-Álvarez MJ, Maza MDC, Anton M, Ordoñez L, Wandosell F. Post-ischemic estradiol treatment reduced glial response and triggers distinct cortical and hippocampal signaling in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:157. [PMID: 22747981 PMCID: PMC3414748 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative conditions, including cerebral ischemia. The presence of this hormone prior to ischemia attenuates the damage associated with such events in a rodent model (middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)), although its therapeutic value when administered post-ischemia has not been assessed. Hence, we evaluated the effects of estradiol treatment after permanent MCAO (pMCAO) was induced in rats, studying the PI3K/AKT/GSK3/β-catenin survival pathway and the activation of SAPK-JNK in two brain areas differently affected by pMCAO: the cortex and hippocampus. In addition, we analyzed the effect of estradiol on the glial response to injury. METHODS Male rats were subjected to pMCAO and estradiol (0.04 mg/kg) was administered 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery. The animals were sacrificed 6 h after the last treatment, and brain damage was evaluated by immunohistochemical quantification of 'reactive gliosis' using antibodies against GFAP and Iba1. In addition, Akt, phospho-Akt(Ser473), phospho-Akt(Thr308), GSK3, phospho-GSK3(Ser21/9), β-catenin, SAPK-JNK, and pSAPK-JNK(Thr183/Tyr185) levels were determined in western blots of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and regional differences in neuronal phospho-Akt expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The increases in the percentage of GFAP- (5.25-fold) and Iba1- (1.8-fold) labeled cells in the cortex and hippocampus indicate that pMCAO induced 'reactive gliosis'. This effect was prevented by post-ischemic estradiol treatment; diminished the number of these cells to those comparable with control animals. pMCAO down-regulated the PI3K/AkT/GSK3/β-catenin survival pathway to different extents in the cortex and hippocampus, the activity of which was restored by estradiol treatment more efficiently in the cerebral cortex (the most affected region) than in the hippocampus. No changes in the phosphorylation of SAPK-JNK were observed 54 h after inducing pMCAO, whereas pMCAO did significantly decrease the phospho-Akt(Ser473) in neurons, an effect that was reversed by estradiol. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that post-pMCAO estradiol treatment attenuates ischemic injury in both neurons and glia, events in which the PI3K/AKT/GSK3/β-catenin pathway is at least partly involved. These findings indicate that estradiol is a potentially useful treatment to enhance recovery after human ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Pérez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad docente Fisiología Animal), Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Maza
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad docente Fisiología Animal), Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Anton
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad docente Fisiología Animal), Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad docente Fisiología Animal), Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CIBERNED-CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, C/Nicolás Cabrera n° 1, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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50
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Barrera-Ocampo A, Gutierrez-Vargas J, Garcia-Segura LM, Cardona-Gómez GP. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling in the rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1078-84. [PMID: 22331547 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the estrous cycle, a remodeling of synapses on somas and dendritic spines occurs in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The synaptic remodeling is known to be induced by estradiol, but the molecular mechanisms involved still have not been fully clarified. β-catenin is known to regulate synaptic plasticity, so we have assessed possible modifications of β-catenin in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. Our findings indicate that β-catenin expression is increased during proestrus and estrus in comparison with diestrus day. This increase was accompanied by an enhanced phosphorylation of Akt in Ser473 and of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in Ser9. Also, the association of β-catenin with the synaptic protein PSD95 was increased during these same stages of the estrous cycle, whereas the levels of synapsin I were significantly decreased in proestrus. These findings suggest that Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling is involved in the synaptic modifications that occur in the basal hypothalamus during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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