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Mansoor MH, Lu X, Woksepp H, Sattar A, Humak F, Ali J, Li R, Bonnedahl J, Mohsin M. Detection and genomic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli harboring tet(X4) in black kites (Milvus migrans) in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9054. [PMID: 38643223 PMCID: PMC11032342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) among clinically relevant bacteria has promoted significant concerns, as tigecycline is considered a last-resort drug against serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. We herein focused on the isolation and molecular characterization of tet(X4)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wild bird populations with anthropogenic interaction in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 150 birds including black kites (Milvus migrans) and house crows (Corvus splendens) were screened for the presence of tigecycline resistance K. pneumoniae and E. coli. We found two K. pneumoniae and one E. coli isolate carrying tet(X4) originating from black kites. A combination of short- and long-read sequencing strategies showed that tet(X4) was located on a broad host range IncFII plasmid family in K. pneumoniae isolates whereas on an IncFII-IncFIB hybrid plasmid in E. coli. We also found an integrative and conjugative element ICEKp2 in K. pneumoniae isolate KP8336. We demonstrate the first description of tet(X4) gene in the WHO critical-priority pathogen K. pneumoniae among wild birds. The convergence of tet(X4) and virulence associated ICEKp2 in a wild bird with known anthropogenic contact should be further investigated to evaluate the potential epidemiological implications. The potential risk of global transmission of tet(X4)-positive K. pneumoniae and E. coli warrant comprehensive evaluation and emphasizes the need for effective mitigation strategies to reduce anthropogenic-driven dissemination of AMR in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanna Woksepp
- Department of Development and Public Health, Kalmar County Hospital, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Amna Sattar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Humak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Kalmar County, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Wight J, Byrne AS, Tahlan K, Lang AS. Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0180923. [PMID: 38349150 PMCID: PMC10952509 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-present threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the potential relevance of this phenomenon in environmental reservoirs still raises many questions. Detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment is a critical aspect for understanding the prevalence of resistance outside of clinical settings, as detection in the environment indicates that resistance is likely already widespread. We isolated antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from three urban waterbodies over a 15-month time series, determined their antimicrobial susceptibilities, investigated their population structure, and identified genetic determinants of resistance. We found that E. coli populations at each site were composed of different dominant phylotypes and showed distinct patterns of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance, despite close geographic proximity. Many strains that were genome-sequenced belonged to sequence types of international concern, particularly the ST131 clonal complex. We found widespread resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, but found that all strains were susceptible to amikacin and the last-line antimicrobials meropenem and fosfomycin. Resistance was most often due to acquirable antimicrobial resistance genes, while chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE conferred resistance to quinolones. Whole-genome analysis of a subset of strains further revealed the diversity of the population of E. coli present, with a wide array of AMR and virulence genes identified, many of which were present on the chromosome, including blaCTX-M. Finally, we determined that environmental persistence, transmission between sites, most likely mediated by wild birds, and transfer of mobile genetic elements likely contributed significantly to the patterns observed.IMPORTANCEA One Health perspective is crucial to understand the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, and investigation of AMR in the environment has been increasing in recent years. However, most studies have focused on waterways that are directly polluted by sewage, industrial manufacturing, or agricultural activities. Therefore, there remains a lack of knowledge about more natural, less overtly impacted environments. Through phenotypic and genotypic investigation of AMR in Escherichia coli, this study adds to our understanding of the extent and patterns of resistance in these types of environments, including over a time series, and showed that complex biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the patterns observed. Our study further emphasizes the importance of incorporating the surveillance of microbes in freshwater environments in order to better comprehend potential risks for both human and animal health and how the environment may serve as a sentinel for potential future clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wight
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexander S. Byrne
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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Lamb JS, Tornos J, Lejeune M, Boulinier T. Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4357. [PMID: 38388645 PMCID: PMC10884025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring pathogen circulation in wildlife sentinel populations can help to understand and predict the spread of disease at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Immobile young provide a useful target population for disease surveillance, since they can be easily captured for sampling and their levels of antibodies against infectious agents can provide an index of localized circulation. However, early-life immune responses include both maternally-derived antibodies and antibodies resulting from exposure to pathogens, and disentangling these two processes requires understanding their individual dynamics. We conducted an egg-swapping experiment in an urban-nesting sentinel seabird, the yellow-legged gull, and measured antibody levels against three pathogens of interest (avian influenza virus AIV, Toxoplasma gondii TOX, and infectious bronchitis virus IBV) across various life stages, throughout chick growth, and between nestlings raised by biological or non-biological parents. We found that levels of background circulation differed among pathogens, with AIV antibodies widely present across all life stages, TOX antibodies rarer, and IBV antibodies absent. Antibody titers declined steadily from adult through egg, nestling, and chick stages. For the two circulating pathogens, maternal antibodies declined exponentially after hatching at similar rates, but the rate of linear increase due to environmental exposure was significantly higher in the more prevalent pathogen (AIV). Differences in nestling antibody levels due to parental effects also persisted longer for AIV (25 days, vs. 14 days for TOX). Our results suggest that yellow-legged gulls can be a useful sentinel population of locally transmitted infectious agents, provided that chicks are sampled at ages when environmental exposure outweighs maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet S Lamb
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Jérémy Tornos
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Ahmed NA, Gulhan T. Determination of antibiotic resistance patterns and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38191447 PMCID: PMC10773086 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curbing the potential negative impact of antibiotic resistance, one of our era's growing global public health crises, requires regular monitoring of the resistance situations, including the reservoir of resistance genes. Wild birds, a possible bioindicator of antibiotic resistance, have been suggested to play a role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 100 Escherichia coli isolates of gull and pigeon origin by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and PCR. Furthermore, the genetic relationships of the isolates were determined by RAPD-PCR. RESULTS Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 63% (63/100) and 29% (29/100) of E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and multidrug-resistant (MDR), respectively. With the exception of cephalothin, to which the E. coli isolates were 100% susceptible, tetracycline (52%), kanamycin (38%), streptomycin (37%), ampicillin (28%), chloramphenicol (21%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (19%), gentamicin (13%), enrofloxacin (12%) and ciprofloxacin (12%) resistances were detected at varying degrees. Among the investigated resistance genes, tet(B) (66%), tet(A) (63%), aphA1 (48%), sul3 (34%), sul2 (26%), strA/strB (24%) and sul1 (16%) were detected. Regarding the genetic diversity of the isolates, the RAPD-PCR-based dendrograms divided both pigeon and gull isolates into five different clusters based on a 70% similarity threshold. Dendrogram analysis revealed 47-100% similarities among pigeon-origin strains and 40-100% similarities among gull-origin E.coli strains. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that gulls and pigeons carry MDR E. coli isolates, which may pose a risk to animal and human health by contaminating the environment with their feces. However, a large-scale epidemiological study investigating the genetic relationship of the strains from a "one health" point of view is warranted to determine the possible transmission patterns of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between wild birds, the environment, humans, and other hosts. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejash A Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
- Daro Lebu District Agriculture Office, Mechara-Micheta, Ethiopia.
| | - Timur Gulhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Cardoso MD, Gonçalves VD, Grael AS, Pedroso VM, Pires JR, Travassos CEPF, Domit C, Vieira-Da-Motta O, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Siciliano S. Detection of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriales members in seabirds sampled along the Brazilian coast. Prev Vet Med 2023; 218:105978. [PMID: 37544079 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, an Enterobacterales member, is a normal representative of the microbiota of homeothermic animals. Most strains are commensal, but several pathotypes can cause disease, and numerous antimicrobial resistance factors have been identified. These bacteria have spread rapidly in recent years, highlighting the importance of screening the environment and non-human reservoirs for virulent strains and/or those presenting resistance factors, in addition to other microorganisms of public health importance. In this context, this study aimed to survey Enterobacteriales present in seabirds sampled along the Brazilian coast, comparing findings between migratory and resident birds, as well as between wrecked and non-wrecked animals. Escherichia coli pathotypes were also characterized through rapid seroagglutination and polymerase chain reaction techniques and antimicrobial resistance profiles were investigated through the disc agar diffusion method. Cloacal, ocular, oral, tracheal, and skin lesion swabs, as well as fresh feces, were collected from 122 seabirds. The findings indicate these animals as important hosts for opportunistic human pathogens. Escherichia coli strains were identified in 70 % of the analyzed seabirds, 62 % of which displaying resistant or intermediate profiles to at least one antimicrobial, while 7% were multiresistant. Resistance to tetracycline (22 %), nalidixic acid (15 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethozaxol (14 %) and ampicillin (12 %) were the most prevalent. Resistance to cefoxitin, a critically important antimicrobial for human medicine, was also detected. Virulence genes for one of the EAEC, ETEC or EPEC pathotypes were detected in 30 % of the identified strains, the first two described in seabirds for the first time. The EAEC gene was detected in 25 % of the sampled seabirds, all resident, 8 % of which exhibited a multidrug-resistant profile. Thus, seabirds comprise important reservoirs for this pathotype. Escherichia coli was proven an ubiquitous and well-distributed bacterium, present in all evaluated bird species and sampling sites (except Marajó Island). According to the chi-square test, no significant differences between E. coli prevalences or antimicrobial resistance profiles between migratory and resident and between wrecked and non-wrecked seabirds were observed. Thus, migratory birds do not seem to contribute significantly to E. coli frequencies, pathotypes or antimicrobial resistance rates on the Brazilian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Duarte Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Soffiatti Grael
- Setor de Animais Selvagens, Hospital Universitário de Medicina Veterinária Firmino Mársico Filho, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Almirante Ary Parreiras, 503, Vital Brazil, Niterói 24220-000, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Marques Pedroso
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Tenente Capitão Heitor Perdigão, 10, Centro, Rio Grande 96200-580, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jeferson Rocha Pires
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna Silvestre, Universidade Estácio de Sá - Estrada da Boca do Mato, 850, Vargem Pequena, Rio de Janeiro 22783-320, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eurico Pires Ferreira Travassos
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Camila Domit
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná CEP 83255-000, Brazil.
| | - Olney Vieira-Da-Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 316, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1.480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-910, RJ, Brazil.
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Yang JT, Zhang LJ, Lu Y, Zhang RM, Jiang HX. Genomic Insights into Global blaCTX-M-55-Positive Escherichia coli Epidemiology and Transmission Characteristics. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0108923. [PMID: 37358409 PMCID: PMC10434037 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, blaCTX-M-55-positive Escherichia coli has been widely reported in multiple locations with an increasing trend in prevalence, yet few studies have comprehensively analyzed the transmission characteristics and epidemiological patterns of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli. Here, we constructed a blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli global genomic data set as completely as possible and explored the epidemiology and potential impact of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli on a global scale by high-resolution bioinformatics methods. The results show that blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli has spread widely worldwide, especially in Asia, with the rich sequence typing (ST) diversity and high proportion of auxiliary genome occupancy indicating a high degree of openness. The phylogenetic tree suggests that blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli is frequently clonally transmitted between the three human-animal environments and often cotransmitted with fosA, mcr, blaNDM, and tet(X). The stable presence of InclI1 and InclI2 in different hosts from different sources suggests that this part of the plasmid drives the widespread transmission of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli. We inductively clustered all blaCTX-M-55 flanking environmental gene structures and obtained five types. Notably, "ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477-(Tn2)" and "IS26(IS15DI)-hp-hp-blaCTX-M-55-orf477-hp-blaTEM-IS26-hp-IS26-Tn2" are dominant in "humans" and in "animals and related foods," respectively. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of whole-genome sequencing-based surveillance in exploring the transmission and evolution of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli in the context of "One Health," and they serve as a reminder to strengthen the surveillance of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli in order to address the potential risk of future large outbreaks. IMPORTANCE CTX-M-55 was first discovered in Thailand in 2004, and today, this enzyme is the most common CTX-M subtype in E. coli of animal origin in China. Thus, blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli getting widely spread is a growing public health problem. Although prevalence surveys of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli in different hosts have been widely reported in recent years, they remain insufficient in "One Health" context and from a global comprehensive perspective. Here, we constructed a genomic database of 2144 blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli and used bioinformatics methods to resolve the spread and evolution of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli. The results suggest a potential risk of rapid transmission of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli and that long-term continuous surveillance of blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Min Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Furmanek-Blaszk B, Sektas M, Rybak B. High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance among ESBL/AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales from Free-Living Birds in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12804. [PMID: 37628984 PMCID: PMC10454011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) and/or AmpC-type β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales isolates from free-living birds in Poland. The prevalence of the qnrB19 gene was 63%, and the distribution of isolates in terms of bacterial species was as follows: 67% (22/33) corresponded to Escherichia coli, 83% (5/6) to Rahnella aquatilis, 44% (4/9) to Enterobacter cloacae and 33% (1/3) to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The qnrB19 gene was also found in a single isolate of Citrobacter freundii. The molecular characteristics of qnrB19-positive isolates pointed to extended-spectrum beta lactamase CTX-M as the most prevalent one (89%) followed by TEM (47%), AmpC (37%) and SHV (16%). This study demonstrates the widespread occurrence of PMQR-positive and ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacterales isolates in fecal samples from wild birds. In this work, plasmid pAM1 isolated from Escherichia coli strain SN25556 was completely sequenced. This plasmid is 3191 nucleotides long and carries the qnrB19 gene, which mediates decreased susceptibility to quinolones. It shares extensive homology with other previously described small qnrB19-harboring plasmids. The nucleotide sequence of pAM1 showed a variable region flanked by an oriT locus and a Xer recombination site. The presence of a putative recombination site was detected, suggesting that interplasmid recombination events might have played a role in the development of pAM1. Our results highlight the broad geographical spread of ColE-type Qnr resistance plasmids in clinical and environmental isolates of Enterobacterales. As expected from the results of phenotypic susceptibility testing, no resistance genes other than qnrB19 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Furmanek-Blaszk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Marian Sektas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Rybak
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland;
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8
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Haenni M, Du Fraysseix L, François P, Drapeau A, Bralet T, Madec JY, Boulinier T, Duriez O. Occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-Producing E. coli in French Griffon Vultures Feeding on Extensive Livestock Carcasses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1160. [PMID: 37508256 PMCID: PMC10376662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the selective pressure of antibiotics on wild birds is supposed to be very weak, they are considered potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Obligate scavengers such as vultures can present high proportions of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, partially due to feeding stations that are provisioned with livestock carcasses from intensive farming. Here we investigated whether griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two populations located in the French Alps, which feed on livestock carcasses from extensive farms, may carry such resistant bacteria. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed an 11.8% proportion of ESC-resistant bacteria, including five extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and one AmpC-producing E. coli. The five ESBL-positive E. coli were clonal and all came from the same vulture population, proving their spread between animals. The ESBL phenotype was due to a blaCTX-M-15 gene located on the chromosome. Both ESBL- and AmpC-positive E. coli belonged to minor STs (ST212 and ST3274, respectively); interestingly, ST212 has already been identified in wild birds around the world, including vultures. These results suggest that actions are needed to mitigate the spread of MDR bacteria through wild birds, particularly in commensal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laetitia Du Fraysseix
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline François
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Bralet
- CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
- ANSES-Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Duriez
- CEFE, Montpellier University, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Musa L, Stefanetti V, Casagrande Proietti P, Grilli G, Gobbi M, Toppi V, Brustenga L, Magistrali CF, Franciosini MP. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Commensal E. coli Isolated from Wild Birds in Umbria (Central Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1776. [PMID: 37889728 PMCID: PMC10252015 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife, including birds, in antimicrobial resistance is nowadays a speculative topic for the scientific community as they could be spreaders/sources of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this respect, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 commensal Escherichia coli strains, isolated from wild birds from an Umbrian rescue centre and admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia (Central Italy) mainly for traumatic injuries. The possible presence of Salmonella spp. and ESBL-producing E. coli was also estimated. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed for ampicillin (85%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47%), probably due to their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine. Seventeen out of the one hundred E. coli isolates (17%) displayed a multidrug-resistance profile, including the beta-lactam category, with the most common resistance patterns to three or four classes of antibiotics. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime exhibited values of 18%, 17% and 15%, respectively. Eight out of the hundred E. coli isolates (8%) were ESBL and seven showed multidrug resistance profiles. Salmonella spp. was not isolated. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, also detected in long-distance migratory birds, suggests the need for monitoring studies to define the role of wild birds in antimicrobial resistance circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Patrizia Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Guido Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Leonardo Brustenga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Maria Pia Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
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Rasmussen JA, Chua PYS. Genome-resolving metagenomics reveals wild western capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) as avian hosts for antibiotic-resistance bacteria and their interactions with the gut-virome community. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127372. [PMID: 37018898 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a critical component of avian health, influencing nutrient uptake and immune functions. While the gut microbiomes of agriculturally important birds have been studied, the microbiomes of wild birds still need to be explored. Filling this knowledge gap could have implications for the microbial rewilding of captive birds and managing avian hosts for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we recovered 112 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the faeces of wild and captive western capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) (n = 8). Comparisons of bacterial diversity between the wild and captive capercaillies suggest that the reduced diversity in the captive individual could be due to differences in diet. This was further substantiated through the analyses of 517,657 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), which revealed that gene functions related to amino acids and carbohydrate metabolisms were more abundant in wild capercaillies. Metagenomics mining of resistome identified 751 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), of which 40.7 % were specific to wild capercaillies suggesting that capercaillies could be potential reservoirs for hosting ARG-associated bacteria. Additionally, the core resistome shared between wild and captive capercaillies indicates that birds can acquire these ARG-associated bacteria naturally from the environment (43.1 % of ARGs). The association of 26 MAGs with 120 ARGs and 378 virus operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) also suggests a possible interplay between these elements, where putative phages could have roles in modulating the gut microbiota of avian hosts. These findings can have important implications for conservation and human health, such as avian gut microbiota rewilding, identifying the emerging threats or opportunities due to phage-microbe interactions, and monitoring the potential spread of ARG-associated bacteria from wild avian populations.
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11
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Frixione MG, Lisnizer N, Yorio P. Year-round use of anthropogenic food sources in human modified landscapes by adult and young Kelp Gulls. FOOD WEBS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Dantas Palmeira J, V. Cunha M, Ferreira H, Fonseca C, Tinoco Torres R. Worldwide Disseminated IncX4 Plasmid Carrying mcr-1 Arrives to Wild Mammal in Portugal. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0124522. [PMID: 36394330 PMCID: PMC9769835 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01245-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mcr-1 gene spread is worldwide recognized as a public health threat at multidrug-resistant infections therapy level. Here, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the detection of the globally distributed IncX4 plasmid carrying mcr-1 (mcr-1/IncX4) in Escherichia coli isolated from a wild mammal in Portugal and Europe. This plasmid was found in a ST533 E. coli isolate with a multidrug-resistant profile, virulence potential, and possibly phylogenetically related to human isolates. Our work contributes to highlight the importance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in wildlife, an important compartment of the whole ecosystem often overlooked in the fight against AMR. IMPORTANCE Colistin resistance mediated by plasmids is recognized worldwide as an emergency problem connected with the whole ecosystem, since is well described in the interface of the human-animal-environment. The plasmid IncX4 is reported as one of the most prevalent plasmids harboring the gene mcr-1. On an European scale the plasmid IncX4 carrying mcr-1 has been described in humans, the environment, and animals, including wildlife, but only in wild birds. This study shows the first report of the plasmid IncX4 harboring mcr-1 in a wild mammal in Portugal and Europe, identified in a ST533 E. coli commensal that is, curiously, more related to isolates from humans than from livestock. Our findings show that the plasmid IncX4 harboring mcr-1 is well established in a colistin resistance drive embracing the whole ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- ForestWISE Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Tinoco Torres
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Prevalence and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance among ESKAPE Bacteria and Enterobacterales Strains in Wild Birds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121825. [PMID: 36551482 PMCID: PMC9774818 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a current public health issue globally. To counter this phenomenon and prioritize AMR in the health sector, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of bacterial pathogens against which the development of new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed, designating the ESKAPE pathogens (i.e., Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) with a 'priority status'. Moreover, the One Health High Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP) states that human health is closely linked to animal and environmental health, thus promoting a holistic One Health approach in order to be prepared to address possible emerging health threats from the human-animal-environment interface. Wild birds may host and spread pathogens, integrating the epidemiology of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the role of wild birds as a source of ESKAPE bacteria and other antibiotic-resistant enterobacterales. A total of fifty strains within the ESKAPE group were detected in 40/163 cloacal samples of examined birds (24.5%). Additionally, different strains of enterobacterales were detected in 88/163 cloacal samples (53.9%). Isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial resistance, including towards critically important antibiotics (e.g., third, fourth, fifth generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones) for human medicine. Our results confirm that wild birds are potential reservoirs of several pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and that they could be involved in the dissemination of those bacteria across different environments, with resulting public health concerns.
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Patel MA, Pandey A, Patel AC, Patel SS, Chauhan HC, Shrimali MD, Patel PA, Mohapatra SK, Chandel BS. Whole genome sequencing and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from poultry farms in Banaskantha, India. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996214. [PMID: 36312963 PMCID: PMC9614321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli constitutes an emerging global health issue, with animal food products contributing as potential reservoirs. ESBL E. coli infection is associated with the high mortality and mobility rate in developing countries due to less susceptibility to antibiotics. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics and sequence-based analysis of ESBL E. coli in the Gujarat state of India. This study included 108 E. coli strains were isolated from different poultry farms (broiler and layer) in the Banaskantha District. PCR was employed to identify genotypic ESBL-producing antimicrobial resistance genes. Overall, a high occurrence of ESBL genes was found in poultry farms due to the high usage of antimicrobials. The PCR analysis revealed that 79.62% of isolates were detected positive with one or more ESBL genes. Among them, blaTEM (63.88%) was found to be the predominant genotype, followed by blaSHV (30.55%) and blaOXA (28.70%). In the blaCTX-M group, a higher occurrence was observed in blaCTX-M-9 (23.14%), followed by blaCTX-M-2 (24.07%) and blaCTX-M-1 (22.22%). We used the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) method to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plasmid replicons, and plasmid-mediated AMR genes of one ESBL E. coli isolated. We examined the genetic relatedness of a human pathogenic E. coli strain by comparing its sequence with the broad geographical reference E. coli sequences. Escherichia coli ST 681 was determined using multi-locus sequence typing. We compared our findings to the reference sequence of Escherichia coli str. K- 12 substr. MG1655. We found 24,937 SNPs with 21,792 in the genic region, 3,145 in the intergenic region, and six InDels across the genome. The WGS analysis revealed 46 antimicrobial resistance genes and seven plasmid-mediated AMR genes viz., tetA, qnrS1, dfrA14, sul2, aph(3”)-lb, aph(6)-ld, and Aph(3’)-la. The ST 681 was found to have Cib, traT, and terC virulence factors and two plasmid replicons, IncFII(pHN7A8) and IncI1-I(Alpha). This study revealed a higher occurrence of ESBL E. coli detected in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul A. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Mitul A. Patel,
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Dental College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India
| | - A. C. Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - S. S. Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - H. C. Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - M. D. Shrimali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - Pankaj A. Patel
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - S. K. Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
| | - B. S. Chandel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkushinagar, India
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15
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Urban Birds as Antimicrobial Resistance Sentinels: White Storks Showed Higher Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Levels Than Seagulls in Central Spain. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192714. [PMID: 36230455 PMCID: PMC9558531 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of AMR bacteria in the human-animal-environmental interface is a clear example of the One Health medicine. Several studies evidence the presence of resistant bacteria in wildlife, which can be used as a good indicator of anthropization level on the ecosystem. The fast increase in AMR in the environment in the last decade has been led by several factors as globalization and migration. Migratory birds can travel hundreds of kilometers and disseminate pathogens and AMR through different regions or even continents. The aim of this study was to compare the level of AMR in three migratory bird species: Ciconia ciconia, Larus fuscus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus. For this purpose, commensal Escherichia coli has been considered a useful indicator for AMR studies. After E. coli isolation from individual cloacal swabs, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk-diffusion method, including 17 different antibiotics. A total of 63.2% of gulls had resistant strains, in contrast to 31.6% of white storks. Out of all the resistant strains, 38.9% were considered multi-drug resistant (50% of white storks and 30% of seagulls). The antibiotic classes with the highest rate of AMR were betalactamics, quinolones and tetracyclines, the most commonly used antibiotic in human and veterinary medicine in Spain.
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16
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Ewbank AC, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sacristán C, Esposito F, Fuga B, Cardoso B, Godoy SN, Zamana RR, Gattamorta MA, Catão-Dias JL, Lincopan N. World Health Organization critical priority Escherichia coli clone ST648 in magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) of an uninhabited insular environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940600. [PMID: 36033868 PMCID: PMC9410367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ancient natural phenomenon increasingly pressured by anthropogenic activities. Escherichia coli has been used as markers of environmental contamination and human-related activity. Seabirds may be bioindicators of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance genes, including extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC), in anthropized and remote areas. We evaluated cloacal swabs of 20 wild magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) of the Alcatrazes Archipelago, the biggest breeding colony of magnificent frigatebirds in the southern Atlantic and a natural protected area with no history of human occupation, located in the anthropized southeastern Brazilian coast. We characterized a highly virulent multidrug-resistant ST648 (O153:H9) pandemic clone, harboring blaCTX–M–2, blaCMY–2, qnrB, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA1, aac(3)-VIa and mdfA, and virulence genes characteristic of avian pathogenic (APEC) (hlyF, iroN, iss, iutA, and ompT) and other extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC) (chuA, kpsMII, and papC). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ST648 E. coli co-producing ESBL and pAmpC in wild birds inhabiting insular environments. We suggest this potentially zoonotic and pathogenic lineage was likely acquired through indirect anthropogenic contamination of the marine environment, ingestion of contaminated seafood, or by intra and/or interspecific contact. Our findings reinforce the role of wild birds as anthropization sentinels in insular environments and the importance of wildlife surveillance studies on pathogens of critical priority classified by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Carolina Ewbank,
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Neri Godoy
- Refúgio de Vida Silvestre do Arquipélago de Alcatrazes – Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ramblas Zamana
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Gattamorta
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Vittecoq M, Brazier L, Elguero E, Bravo IG, Renaud N, Manzano-Marín A, Prugnolle F, Godreuil S, Blanchon T, Roux F, Durand P, Renaud F, Thomas F. Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae in yellow-legged gull chicks in their first weeks of life. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8974. [PMID: 35784041 PMCID: PMC9188031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animal species living in anthropogenic areas are commonly carriers of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria (AMRB), but their role in the epidemiology of these bacteria is unclear. Several studies on AMRB in wildlife have been cross‐sectional in design and sampled individual animals at only one point in time. To further understand the role of wildlife in maintaining and potentially transmitting these bacteria to humans and livestock, longitudinal studies are needed in which samples are collected from individual animals over multiple time periods. In Europe, free‐ranging yellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis) commonly live in industrialized areas, forage in landfills, and have been found to carry AMRB in their feces. Using bacterial metagenomics and antimicrobial resistance characterization, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of AMRB in a nesting colony of yellow‐legged gulls from an industrialized area in southern France. We collected 54 cloacal swabs from 31 yellow‐legged gull chicks in 20 nests on three dates in 2016. We found that AMRB in chicks increased over time and was not spatially structured within the gull colony. This study highlights the complex occurrence of AMRB in a free‐ranging wildlife species and contributes to our understanding of the public health risks and implications associated with ARMB‐carrying gulls living in anthropogenic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vittecoq
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France.,Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles France
| | - Lionel Brazier
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Eric Elguero
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | | | - Alejandro Manzano-Marín
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Thomas Blanchon
- Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles France
| | - François Roux
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Patrick Durand
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - François Renaud
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- Lab. Mivegec University Montpellier CNRS IRD UMR5290 CREES Montpellier France
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18
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Hasan B, Swedberg G. Molecular Characterization of Clinically Relevant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases blaCTX-M-15-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Free-Range Chicken from Households in Bangladesh. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:780-786. [PMID: 35759384 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study explored the potential colonization and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of free-range poultry from the rural households in Bangladesh. From 48 households located in several rural regions (eastern, western, and southern) of Bangladesh, 180 poultry fecal samples were collected to isolate ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL producers were characterized by susceptibility testing, conjugation experiment, conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) followed by sequencing. Total 23% (42/180) poultry were ESBL positive consisting of Escherichia coli (n = 41) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). ESBL producers were resistant to Cefotaxime (CTX; 100%), Cefepime (100%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (36%), Ciprofloxacin (31%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%), and 12% isolates were multidrug resistant. All ESBL producers were carrying blaCTX-M-15-like genotype.Isolates were also carrying genes for quinolone resistance [qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr], silver resistance (silE), and mercury resistance (merA). Isolates were negative for 025b-ST131 clone, mcr-1, and blaOXA-48 gene. The repetitive element PCR revealed 15 different clones of E. coli and some of these clones were found to be common in 3 sampling locations. MLST analysis of E. coli revealed 9 different sequence types (STs); ST4, ST156, ST542, ST1140, ST1290, ST4628, ST5114, ST9768, and ST11317. ESBL producers were carrying transferable plasmids and 4 different plasmid replicon types; IncI1 (29%), IncY (7%), IncFIB (7%), and IncF1A (5%). The findings from the study confirmed that free-range poultry are potential ESBL carriers with coresistance to other antibiotic classes, metals, and biocides. This study confirms that free-range poultry in Bangladesh living close to humans without any direct antibiotic exposure could carry ESBL bacteria. Free-range poultry could be reservoir as well as a potential spreader of pathogenic E. coli and antibiotic- or biocide-resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Hasan
- Section for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göte Swedberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Kusi J, Ojewole CO, Ojewole AE, Nwi-Mozu I. Antimicrobial Resistance Development Pathways in Surface Waters and Public Health Implications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060821. [PMID: 35740227 PMCID: PMC9219700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is threatened by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their related infections, which cause thousands of human deaths every year worldwide. Surface waters are vulnerable to human activities and natural processes that facilitate the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study evaluated the pathways and drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AR) in surface waters. We analyzed antibiotic resistance healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data reported to the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network to determine the number of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and their isolates detected in healthcare facilities. Ten pathogens and their isolates associated with HAIs tested resistant to the selected antibiotics, indicating the role of healthcare facilities in antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The analyzed data and literature research revealed that healthcare facilities, wastewater, agricultural settings, food, and wildlife populations serve as the major vehicles for AR in surface waters. Antibiotic residues, heavy metals, natural processes, and climate change were identified as the drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. Food and animal handlers have a higher risk of exposure to resistant pathogens through ingestion and direct contact compared with the general population. The AR threat to public health may grow as pathogens in aquatic systems adjust to antibiotic residues, contaminants, and climate change effects. The unnecessary use of antibiotics increases the risk of AR, and the public should be encouraged to practice antibiotic stewardship to decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kusi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine Oluwalopeye Ojewole
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Akinloye Emmanuel Ojewole
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Isaac Nwi-Mozu
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA;
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Sun H, Mu X, Zhang K, Lang H, Su Q, Li X, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng H. Geographical resistome profiling in the honeybee microbiome reveals resistance gene transfer conferred by mobilizable plasmids. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 35501925 PMCID: PMC9063374 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been of global concern as one of the greatest environmental threats. The gut microbiome of animals has been found to be a large reservoir of ARGs, which is also an indicator of the environmental antibiotic spectrum. The conserved microbiota makes the honeybee a tractable and confined ecosystem for studying the maintenance and transfer of ARGs across gut bacteria. Although it has been found that honeybee gut bacteria harbor diverse sets of ARGs, the influences of environmental variables and the mechanism driving their distribution remain unclear. RESULTS We characterized the gut resistome of two closely related honeybee species, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, domesticated in 14 geographic locations across China. The composition of the ARGs was more associated with host species rather than with geographical distribution, and A. mellifera had a higher content of ARGs in the gut. There was a moderate geographic pattern of resistome distribution, and several core ARG groups were found to be prevalent among A. cerana samples. These shared genes were mainly carried by the honeybee-specific gut members Gilliamella and Snodgrassella. Transferrable ARGs were frequently detected in honeybee guts, and the load was much higher in A. mellifera samples. Genomic loci of the bee gut symbionts containing a streptomycin resistance gene cluster were nearly identical to those of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid, a proficient DNA delivery system in the environment. By in vitro conjugation experiments, we confirmed that the mobilizable plasmids could be transferred between honeybee gut symbionts by conjugation. Moreover, "satellite plasmids" with fragmented genes were identified in the integrated regions of different symbionts from multiple areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that the gut microbiota of different honeybee hosts varied in their antibiotic resistance structure, highlighting the role of the bee microbiome as a potential bioindicator and disseminator of antibiotic resistance. The difference in domestication history is highly influential in the structuring of the bee gut resistome. Notably, the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is likely to promote the probability of its persistence and dissemination. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Lang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinzhi Su
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bee Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Provincial Institute of Apicultural Sciences, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Smoglica C, Angelucci S, Farooq M, Antonucci A, Marsilio F, Di Francesco CE. Microbial community and antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples from wild and domestic ruminants in Maiella National Park, Italy. One Health 2022; 15:100403. [PMID: 35647256 PMCID: PMC9136667 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide new insights about antimicrobial resistance genes abundance and microbial communities of wild and domestic ruminants in wildlife-livestock interface. In total, 88 fecal samples were recovered from Apennine chamois, red deer, goat, cattle and sheep, and were collected in pools. The populations under study were selected based on ecological data useful to define sympatric and non-sympatric populations. Samples were screened for commonly used in farms under study or critically important antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA2, TetA, TetB, TetK, TetM, mcr-1). The microbial community composition was found to be different based on the species and land use of animals under study. Indeed, it was mostly characterized by phyla Firmicutes in bovine, Bacteroidota in chamois and Proteobacteria in red deer. Additionally, positive correlations between antibiotic resistance genes and microbial taxa (e.g., Tet genes correlated with Firmicutes and Patescibacteria) were described. Of the antimicrobials investigated, the abundance of mcr-1 gene suggests the importance of monitoring the wildlife in order to detect the emerging resistance genes contamination in environment. This study provides new data that highlight the importance of multidisciplinary and uncultured study in order to describe the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and related contamination in the environment. Multidisciplinary approach including ecological data, real time PCRs and 16S rRNA analysis Microbial communities composition of rare species as Apennine chamois Evaluation of antibiotic resistance genes abundance in feces of wild and domestic ruminants Detection of mcr-1 resistance gene relevant for Public Health
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22
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Population genomics of Escherichia coli in livestock-keeping households across a rapidly developing urban landscape. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:581-589. [PMID: 35288654 PMCID: PMC8975746 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative evidence for the risk of zoonoses and the spread of antimicrobial resistance remains lacking. Here, as part of the UrbanZoo project, we sampled Escherichia coli from humans, livestock and peri-domestic wildlife in 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya, to investigate its distribution among host species in this rapidly developing urban landscape. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,338 E. coli isolates and found that the diversity and sharing patterns of E. coli were heavily structured by household and strongly shaped by host type. We also found evidence for inter-household and inter-host sharing and, importantly, between humans and animals, although this occurs much less frequently. Resistome similarity was differently distributed across host and household, consistent with being driven by shared exposure to antimicrobials. Our results indicate that a large, epidemiologically structured sampling framework combined with WGS is needed to uncover strain-sharing events among different host populations in complex environments and the major contributing pathways that could ultimately drive the emergence of zoonoses and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Phylogeography and phylogenomic analyses of E. coli isolates collected from humans and domesticated and wild animals across 99 households in Nairobi reveal strong intra-household, and lower but detectable inter-household and inter-host, strain-sharing patterns.
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Li J, Phulpoto IA, Guo L, Zeng J, Yu Z. Grassland ecology system: A critical reservoir and dissemination medium of antibiotic resistance in Xilingol Pasture, Inner Mongolia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150985. [PMID: 34662621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health. It is necessary to explore all the potential sources and comprehend the pathways that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are transmitted. In this study, by applying high-throughput quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, ARGs and microbial community structure were determined, to understand the reservoirs and spread of ARGs in the Xilingol grassland system. A total of 151,140 and 138 different ARGs were observed in manure, soil, and water samples, respectively. Only 12 ARGs were shared in all environmental and animal manure samples. Multidrug defense system, such as efflux pump, was the most dominant factor in manure and soil samples, followed by antibiotic deactivation processes. These genes coffering resistance to major classes of antibiotics including β_Lactamase (blaSFO, fox5, blaCTX-M-04, blaOXY), vancomycin (vanC-03, vanXD), MLSB (vatE-01, mphA-01), aminoglycoside (aadA2-01), Multidrug (oprJ) and others (oprD, qacEdelta1-02), except sulfonamide and tetracycline. The 12 ARGs were significantly enriched in water samples compared to manure and soil samples (p < 0.01) and demonstrated that the water environment was an important transmission source of ARGs in the grassland. The highest enrichment was up to 324.5-fold. Moreover, the 12 shared ARGs were positively correlated with the mobile genetic elements (p < 0.01). The nonrandom co-occurrence network patterns between ARGs and microbial community suggested that a total of three bacterial phyla were viewed as the potential ARGs hosts. These findings indicate that ARGs were highly enriched in water samples, demonstrating that the water environment was a critical source and sink of ARGs in the grassland system. It may illuminate the mechanism stressing the effects of human activity on the occurrence and transmission of ARGs in the grassland system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Irfan Ali Phulpoto
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizheng Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ewbank AC, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sacristán C, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Fuga B, de Macedo EC, Lincopan N, Catão-Dias JL. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli survey in wild seabirds at a pristine atoll in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil: First report of the O25b-ST131 clone harboring bla CTX-M-8. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150539. [PMID: 34852430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is among the most serious public health threats of the 21st century, with great impact in terms of One Health. Among antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) represent major challenges to human healthcare. Wild birds have been commonly used as environmental bioindicators of ESBL-EC. Remote locations represent a unique opportunity to evaluate the occurrence, dissemination and epidemiology of ARB in the environment. Herein we surveyed ESBL-EC in 204 cloacal swabs from six nonsynanthropic seabird species at the pristine Rocas Atoll, Brazil. We identified ESBL-EC isolates in 2.4% (5/204) of the tested seabirds, all in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens). We isolated strains of O25b-ST131-fimH22 harboring gene blaCTX-M-8 (3 clones), ST117 harboring gene blaSHV-12, and a novel ST11350 (clonal complex 349) harboring genes blaCTX-M-55 and fosA3. All the isolates presented Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence profiles. We suggest that magnificent frigatebirds may act as "flying bridges", transporting ESBL-EC and ARGs from an anthropogenically-impacted archipelago geographically close to our pristine and remote study site. The characteristics of our isolates suggest zoonotic potential and, despite the apparent good health of all the evaluated birds, may represent a hypothetical potential threat to the avian population using the atoll. To our knowledge, this is the first description of: (1) the pandemic and public health relevant ST131-O25b harboring blaCTX-M-8 worldwide; (2) ST131-fimH22 in wild birds; and (3); fosA3 in wildlife. Our findings expand the current epidemiological knowledge regarding host and geographical distribution of ESBL-EC and ARGs in wild birds, and emphasize the disseminating characteristics and adaptability of ST131 and ST117 strains within the human-animal-interface. Herein we discuss the involvement of nonsynanthropic wild birds in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance and their potential as sentinels of ESBL E. coli in insular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Cavalcante de Macedo
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) - Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, Rocas Atol Biological Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Emeraud C, Petit C, Gauthier L, Bonnin RA, Naas T, Dortet L. Emergence of VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex in France between 2015 and 2018. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:944-951. [PMID: 35045171 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To genetically characterize VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) isolates recovered in France from 2015 to 2018. METHODS WGS, species determination, MLST, clonal relationship and genetic characterization were performed on 149 VIM-producing ECC isolates. RESULTS Among VIM-producing Enterobacterales, the prevalence of ECC increased drastically from 6% in 2012 to 52% in 2018. The most prevalent species were Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii (40.9%), E. hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii (21.5%), E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis (14.8%) and ECC clade S (17.4%). Major STs were ST-873 (17.5%), ST-66 (12.1%), ST-78 (9.4%), ST-419 (8.1%), ST-145 (4.7%), ST-50 (4.0%), ST-118 (4.0%) and ST-168 (4.0%). Finally, six different integrons were identified, with some being specific to a given blaVIM variant (In916 with blaVIM-1-aacA4'-aphA15-aadA1-catB2 and In416 with blaVIM-4-aacA7-dfrA1b-aadA1b-smr2 genes). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the genetic diversity among VIM-producing ECC isolates, indicating that their spread is not linked to a single clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Emeraud
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Team "Resist", UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Caroline Petit
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lauraine Gauthier
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Team "Resist", UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rémy A Bonnin
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Team "Resist", UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Team "Resist", UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Team "Resist", UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Haenni M, Dagot C, Chesneau O, Bibbal D, Labanowski J, Vialette M, Bouchard D, Martin-Laurent F, Calsat L, Nazaret S, Petit F, Pourcher AM, Togola A, Bachelot M, Topp E, Hocquet D. Environmental contamination in a high-income country (France) by antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Status and possible causes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107047. [PMID: 34923370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, shared by a large number of human and animal health actors. Within the framework of a One Health approach, actions should be implemented in the environmental realm, as well as the human and animal realms. The Government of France commissioned a report to provide policy and decision makers with an evidential basis for recommending or taking future actions to mitigate AMR in the environment. We first examined the mechanisms that underlie the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This report drew up an inventory of the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments by AMR and antibiotics, anticipating that the findings will be representative of some other high-income countries. Effluents of wastewater treatment plants were identified as the major source of contamination on French territory, with spreading of organic waste products as a more diffuse and incidental contamination of aquatic environments. A limitation of this review is the heterogeneity of available data in space and time, as well as the lack of data for certain sources. Comparing the French Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) with predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim were identified as representing high and medium risk of favoring the selection of resistant bacteria in treated wastewater and in the most contaminated rivers. All other antibiotic molecules analyzed (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline) were at low risk of resistance selection in those environments. However, the heterogeneity of the data available impairs their full exploitation. Consequently, we listed indicators to survey AMR and antibiotics in the environment and recommended the harmonization of sampling strategies and endpoints for analyses. Finally, the objectives and methods used for the present work could comprise a useful example for how national authorities of countries sharing common socio-geographic characteristics with France could seek to better understand and define the environmental dimension of AMR in their particular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Dagot
- Université of Limoges, RESINFIT, UMR INSERM 1092, CHU, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Chesneau
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, ENSI Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Damien Bouchard
- National Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | | | - Louisiane Calsat
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Nazaret
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Petit
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie Université Rouen, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | | | - Morgane Bachelot
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR Chronoenvironnement CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France.
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Yuan Y, Liang B, Jiang BW, Zhu LW, Wang TC, Li YG, Liu J, Guo XJ, Ji X, Sun Y. Migratory wild birds carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli as potential transmitters of antimicrobial resistance in China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261444. [PMID: 34910771 PMCID: PMC8673662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds play an important role in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To investigate the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli in migratory birds in China and potential relationships with the environment, a total of 1387 samples (fecal samples, cloacal swabs, or throat swabs) were collected from migratory birds from three different river basins in China. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examinations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the E-test for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Some antibiotic resistance genes were detected and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. In total, 478 (34.7%) E. coli isolates were recovered. The results showed that the drug-resistant E. coli isolates were highly resistant to β-lactams (43.7%) and tetracycline (22.6%), and 73 (15.3%) were MDR, including eight that were extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive. The retrieved strains harbored the blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, floR, and intI1 genes with a prevalence of 5.9%, 36.4%, 80.5%, 11.9%, 6.8%, 6.8%, 47.5%, 12.7%, 50.8%, 37.3%, and 61.0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of the isolates from southern China was higher than those from northern China. The E. coli samples collected for migratory birds in the Pearl River Basin had the highest proportion (46.7%) MDR isolates. Furthermore, MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds were closely related to the antibiotic content in the basin, which confirms that MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds are likely acquired from the environment. This study also confirmed that migratory birds are potential transmitters of MDR bacteria, demonstrating the need to reduce the use and emission of antibiotics and further in-depth studies on the mechanisms underlying drug resistance of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Bo-wen Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Ling-wei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Tie-cheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan-guo Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-jun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XJ)
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XJ)
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White-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in protected Danube wetlands as carriers of Escherichia coli with resistance and virulence genes. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zeballos-Gross D, Rojas-Sereno Z, Salgado-Caxito M, Poeta P, Torres C, Benavides JA. The Role of Gulls as Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: A Scoping Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703886. [PMID: 34367104 PMCID: PMC8343230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife with long-range dispersal such as gulls in the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments remains poorly understood. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in resident and migratory gulls worldwide for more than a decade, suggesting gulls as either sentinels of AMR pollution from anthropogenic sources or independent reservoirs that could maintain and disperse AMR across aquatic environments. However, confirming either of these roles remains challenging and incomplete. In this review, we present current knowledge on the geographic regions where AMR has been detected in gulls, the molecular characterization of resistance genes, and the evidence supporting the capacity of gulls to disperse AMR across regions or countries. We identify several limitations of current research to assess the role of gulls in the spread of AMR including most studies not identifying the source of AMR, few studies comparing bacteria isolated in gulls with other wild or domestic species, and almost no study performing longitudinal sampling over a large period of time to assess the maintenance and dispersion of AMR by gulls within and across regions. We suggest future research required to confirm the role of gulls in the global dispersion of AMR including the standardization of sampling protocols, longitudinal sampling using advanced satellite tracking, and whole-genome sequencing typing. Finally, we discuss the public health implications of the spread of AMR by gulls and potential solutions to limit its spread in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Zeballos-Gross
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zulma Rojas-Sereno
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
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31
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Comparison of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Urban Raccoons and Domestic Dogs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0048421. [PMID: 33990315 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00484-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife can be exposed to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) via multiple pathways. Spatial overlap with domestic animals is a prominent exposure pathway. However, most studies of wildlife-domestic animal interfaces have focused on livestock and little is known about the wildlife-companion animal interface. Here, we investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic relatedness of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli from raccoons (Procyon lotor) and domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the metropolitan area of Chicago, IL, USA. To assess the potential importance of spatial overlap with dogs, we explored whether raccoons sampled at public parks (i.e., parks where people and dogs could enter) differed in prevalence and phylogenetic relatedness of ESC-R E. coli to raccoons sampled at private parks (i.e., parks where people and dogs could not enter). Raccoons had a significantly higher prevalence of ESC-R E. coli (56.9%) than dogs (16.5%). However, the richness of ESC-R E. coli did not vary by host species. Further, core single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolates did not cluster by host species, and in some cases displayed a high degree of similarity (i.e., differed by less than 20 core SNPs). Spatial overlap analyses revealed that ESC-R E. coli were more likely to be isolated from raccoons at public parks than raccoons at private parks, but only for parks located in suburban areas of Chicago, not urban areas. That said, ESC-R E. coli isolated from raccoons did not genetically cluster by park of origin. Our findings suggest that domestic dogs and urban/suburban raccoons can have a diverse range of ARB, some of which display a high degree of genetic relatedness (i.e., differ by less than 20 core SNPs). Given the differences in prevalence, domestic dogs are unlikely to be an important source of exposure for mesocarnivores in urbanized areas. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) have been detected in numerous wildlife species across the globe, which may have important implications for human and animal health. Wildlife can be exposed to ARB via numerous pathways, including via spatial overlap with domestic animals. However, the interface with domestic animals has mostly been explored for livestock and little is known about the interface between wild animals and companion animals. Our work suggests that urban and suburban wildlife can have similar ARB to local domestic dogs, but local dogs are unlikely to be a direct source of exposure for urban-adapted wildlife. This finding is important because it underscores the need to incorporate wildlife into antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts, and to investigate whether certain urban wildlife species could act as additional epidemiological pathways of exposure for companion animals, and indirectly for humans.
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Lorenti E, Moredo F, Origlia J, Diaz JI, Cremonte F, Giacoboni G. Gulls as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in different biogeographical areas of South America. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191577. [PMID: 34231755 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this communication was to establish if Enterobacterales associated with gulls in Argentina harbored antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We analyzed cloacal swabs in two contrasting areas: Ensenada, Buenos Aires province (26 Larus dominicanus and 22 Chroicocephalus maculipennis) and Puerto Madryn, Chubut province (20 L. dominicanus). In Ensenada, bla CTX-M and mcr-1 genes, were isolated from both gull species, whereas in the Puerto Madryn, only bla CTX-M gene was found. We report for the first time C. maculipennis as carrier of AMR. The finding of AMR in wildlife constitutes a useful tool in evaluating the anthropogenic impact on environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lorenti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CCT La Plata CONICET-UNLP), Calle 120 s/n entre Av. 60 y calle 64 (CP1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Moredo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Calle 60 y 118 (CP1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Javier Origlia
- Cátedra de Patología de Aves y Pilíferos Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP Calle 60 y 118 (CP1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julia I Diaz
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CCT La Plata CONICET-UNLP), Calle 120 s/n entre Av. 60 y calle 64 (CP1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cremonte
- Laboratorio de Parasitología (LAPA), IBIOMAR (CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Blvd. Brown 2915 (CP9120), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Giacoboni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Calle 60 y 118 (CP1900), La Plata, Argentina
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Velhner M, Todorović D, Novović K, Jovčić B, Lazić G, Kojić M, Kehrenberg C. Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) present in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:199-209. [PMID: 34142260 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite common resistance to antimicrobials in Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Serbia, no data are currently accessible on its occurrence in E. coli isolated from gulls. Therefore, 67 cloacal swabs and 70 fecal samples from black-headed gulls were investigated for the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Ninety-nine isolates were obtained during the study. Resistotyping and resistance gene typing has shown that 44 isolates harbor resistance to one or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 24 E. coli isolates. Ten isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics and were studied in detail including virulence gene typing, phylogenetic and multilocus sequence typing, and mating. These ten isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 (five isolates), D (four isolates) and B1 (one isolate). Five different sequence types (ST38, ST2307, ST224, ST162 and ST34) were detected in E. coli isolates with AmpC phenotype and genotype. One isolate carried the Inc I2/FIB replicon type plasmid with the blaCTX-M-1 gene. Nine isolates had blaCMY-2 genes, which were detected on conjugative plasmids in seven isolates. The virulence genes hly, iroN, iss, ompT and cvaC were detected in one transconjugant. Ten isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whose MIC ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L. Genotyping revealed single or double mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA or gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. So, Black-headed gulls from Serbia may be colonized by multidrug-resistant E. coli, some of which are resistant to critically important antibiotics in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Velhner
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | - Katarina Novović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovčić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institut Für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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Modupe SL, Yaa NB, Henaku OE, Ohya K, Masato S, Opare OJ, Baboreka KB. Protected but not from Contamination: Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria from Birds in a Ghanaian Forest Protected Area. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211017687. [PMID: 34121841 PMCID: PMC8174002 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211017687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a growing concern in public health. It has been reported in wildlife from several places in the world though wild animals are not normally exposed to clinically used antimicrobial agents. Despite this, very little research has been done in Ghana to determine antimicrobial resistance in wild animals, particularly those in protected areas. In this study, the presence of colistin resistant and multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria in cloacal swabs of wild birds captured in a Ghanaian forest protected area were evaluated. A total of 195 isolates from 138 individual birds were obtained, identified and tested for resistance to colistin. The colistin-resistant isolates were subsequently tested for multidrug resistance to 4 other antimicrobial agents (Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin). Colistin resistance was observed in 6.5% (9/138) of the birds and this was seen in only birds that were sampled close to the reception area of the protected area. About 50% of the colistin-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant. AMR isolates were obtained from birds that have been documented to show an insectivorous or omnivorous feeding preference. Data obtained from the study suggests that AMR and MDR occurred in wild birds from the Conservation Area and supports the claim that proximity to human impacted habitats (settlements/farmlands) increased the likelihood of carriage of AMR. Though the routes of transmission remain unclear, there is potential for spread from the wild birds to other wild/domestic animals and possibly back to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ntiamoa-Baidu Yaa
- Centre for African Wetlands, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Owusu Erasmus Henaku
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Suzuki Masato
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Odoi Justice Opare
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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VinodhKumar OR, Karikalan M, Ilayaraja S, Sha AA, Singh BR, Sinha DK, Chandra Mohan S, Pruthvishree BS, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli in rescued Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), India. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:163-170. [PMID: 34041662 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study reports the multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) isolated from rescued sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), India. Non-duplicate faecal samples from 21 adult rescued sloth bears were collected at once during 2015-2016 and processed for isolation of E. coli and antibacterial susceptibility pattern. From 21 samples, 45 E. coli were isolated and on phenotypic screening, 23 were MDR, 17 were ESBL producers, and five were carbapenem-resistant (CR). Three E. coli isolates (6.67%, 3/45) showed no resistance, however 42 isolates (93.33%, 42/45) exhibited resistant to at least one antibiotics. The MDR isolates carried beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluroquinolone, and sulphadimidine resistance genes. All the phenotypic ESBL producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M genes. On genotypic screening, three CRE (60.0%, 3/5) were positive for blaNDM carbapenemase gene and efflux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was detected in two CRE isolates (40.0%, 2/5) which were negative for carbapenemase genes. The CRE isolates (n = 5) also co-harbored AMR genes like blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB and sulI. Virulence screening of the resistant isolates detected the presence of Stx1(n = 1), Stx2 (n = 3), eaeA (n = 4) and hlyA (n = 3) genes. Plasmid incompatibility (Inc) typing revealed that two isolates harboured blaNDM-5 gene on Incl1 and one isolate on IncF plasmid. Apart from the NDM gene, the plasmids also carried tetracycline, beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. The plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) of the E. coli Incl1 plasmid showed the Sequence Type (ST) 297. This appears to be the first report of MDR, ESBL producing and blaNDM-5 genes on Incl1 and IncF plasmids from rescued sloth bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R VinodhKumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun A Sha
- Research &Veterinary Operations, Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Bengaluru, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Homeier-Bachmann T, Heiden SE, Lübcke PK, Bachmann L, Bohnert JA, Zimmermann D, Schaufler K. Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater of Abattoirs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050568. [PMID: 34065908 PMCID: PMC8150771 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are regularly detected in livestock. As pathogens, they cause difficult-to-treat infections and, as commensals, they may serve as a source of resistance genes for other bacteria. Slaughterhouses produce significant amounts of wastewater containing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB), which are released into the environment. We analyzed the wastewater from seven slaughterhouses (pig and poultry) for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. AMRB were regularly detected in pig and poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters monitored here. All 25 ESBL-producing bacterial strains (19 E. coli and six K. pneumoniae) isolated from poultry slaughterhouses were multidrug-resistant. In pig slaughterhouses 64% (12 of 21 E. coli [57%] and all four detected K. pneumoniae [100%]) were multidrug-resistant. Regarding colistin, resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 54% of poultry and 21% of pig water samples. Carbapenem resistance was not detected. Resistant bacteria were found directly during discharge of wastewaters from abattoirs into water bodies highlighting the role of slaughterhouses for environmental surface water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Homeier-Bachmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1505
| | - Stefan E. Heiden
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.E.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Phillip K. Lübcke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Epidemiology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.E.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie, Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Jürgen A. Bohnert
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | | | - Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.E.H.); (K.S.)
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37
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Kurittu P, Khakipoor B, Brouwer MS, Heikinheimo A. Plasmids conferring resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases including a rare IncN+IncR multireplicon carrying blaCTX-M-1 in Escherichia coli recovered from migrating barnacle geese ( Branta leucopsis). OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:46. [PMID: 37645149 PMCID: PMC10446048 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13529.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and wild migratory birds may act as mediators of resistant bacteria across country borders. Our objective was to study extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli in barnacle geese using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and to identify plasmids harboring bla genes. Methods: Barnacle geese feces (n=200) were collected during fall 2017 and spring 2018 from an urban area in Helsinki, Finland. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were recovered from nine samples (4.5%) and isolates were subjected to WGS on both short- and long-read sequencers, enabling hybrid assembly and determination of the genomic location of bla genes. Results: A rare multireplicon IncN+IncR was recovered from one isolate carrying bla CTX-M-1 in addition to aadA2b, lnu(F), and qnrS1. Moreover, rarely detected IncY plasmids in two isolates were found to harbor multiple resistance genes in addition to the human-associated bla CTX-M-15. Poultry-associated bla CMY-2 was identified from the widely distributed IncI1 and IncK plasmids from four different isolates. One isolate harbored an IncI1 plasmid with bla CTX-M-1 and flor. A chromosomal point mutation in the AmpC promoter was identified in one of the isolates. WGS analysis showed isolates carried multiple resistance and virulence genes and harbored multiple different plasmid replicons in addition to bla-carrying plasmids. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that wild migratory birds serve as a limited source of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and may act as disseminators of the epidemic plasmid types IncI1 and IncK but also rarely detected plasmid types carrying multidrug resistance. Human and livestock-associated ESBL enzyme types were recovered from samples, suggesting a potential for interspecies transmission. WGS offers a thorough method for studying AMR from different sources and should be implemented more widely in the future for AMR surveillance and detection. Understanding plasmid epidemiology is vital for efforts to mitigate global AMR spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kurittu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Banafsheh Khakipoor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory and Research Division, Microbiology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Lagerstrom KM, Hadly EA. The under-investigated wild side of Escherichia coli: genetic diversity, pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in wild animals. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210399. [PMID: 33849316 PMCID: PMC8059539 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A striking paucity of information exists on Escherichia coli in wild animals despite evidence that they harbour pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in their gut microbiomes and may even serve as melting pots for novel genetic combinations potentially harmful to human health. Wild animals have been implicated as the source of pathogenic E. coli outbreaks in agricultural production, but a lack of knowledge surrounding the genetics of E. coli in wild animals complicates source tracking and thus contamination curtailment efforts. As human populations continue to expand and invade wild areas, the potential for harmful microorganisms to transfer between humans and wildlife increases. Here, we conducted a literature review of the small body of work on E. coli in wild animals. We highlight the geographic and host taxonomic coverage to date, and in each, identify significant gaps. We summarize the current understanding of E. coli in wild animals, including its genetic diversity, host and geographic distribution, and transmission pathways within and between wild animal and human populations. The knowledge gaps we identify call for greater research efforts to understand the existence of E. coli in wild animals, especially in light of the potentially strong implications for global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A. Hadly
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ewbank AC, Esperón F, Sacristán C, Sacristán I, Neves E, Costa-Silva S, Antonelli M, Rocha Lorenço J, Kolesnikovas CKM, Catão-Dias JL. Occurrence and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Two Wild Seabird Species With Contrasting Behaviors. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651781. [PMID: 33829054 PMCID: PMC8019699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are environmental pollutants and anthropization indicators. We evaluated human interference in the marine ecosystem through the ocurrence and quantification (real-time PCRs) of 21 plasmid-mediated ARGs in enema samples of 25 wild seabirds, upon admission into rehabilitation: kelp gull (Larus dominicanus, n = 14) and Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus, n = 11). Overall, higher resistance values were observed in kelp gulls (non-migratory coastal synanthropic) in comparison with Magellanic penguins (migratory pelagic non-synanthropic). There were significant differences between species (respectively, kelp gull and Magellanic penguin): ARGs occurrence (bla TEM [p = 0.032]; tetM [p = 0.015]; tetA [p = 0.003]; and sulII [p = 0.007]), mean number of ARGs per sample (p = 0.031), ARGs mean load percentage (aadA [p = 0.045], tetA [p = 0.031], tetM [p = 0.016], bla TEM [p = 0.032], sulII [p = 0.008]), percentage of genes conferring resistance to an antimicrobial class (betalactams [p = 0.036] and sulfonamides [p = 0.033]), mean number of genes conferring resistance to one or more antimicrobial classes (p = 0.024]), percentage of multiresistant microbiomes (p = 0.032), and clustering (p = 0.006). These differences are likely due to these species' contrasting biology and ecology - key factors in the epidemiology of ARGs in seabirds. Additionally, this is the first report of mecA in seabirds in the Americas. Further studies are necessary to clarify the occurrence and diversity of ARGs in seabirds, and their role as potential sources of infection and dispersal within the One Health chain of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Neves
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li X, Kelty CA, Sivaganesan M, Shanks OC. Variable fecal source prioritization in recreational waters routinely monitored with viral and bacterial general indicators. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 192:116845. [PMID: 33508720 PMCID: PMC8186395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatic and F+ coliphage methods are under consideration as potential routine surface water quality monitoring tools to identify unsafe levels of fecal pollution in recreational waters. However, little is known about the cooccurrence of these virus-based fecal indicators and host-associated genetic markers used to prioritize key pollution sources for remediation. In this study, paired measurements of cultivated coliphage (somatic and F+) and bacterial (E. coli and enterococci) general fecal indicators and genetic markers indicative of human (HF183/BacR287 and HumM2), ruminant (Rum2Bac), canine (DG3), and avian (GFD) fecal pollution sources were assessed in 365 water samples collected from six Great Lakes Basin beach and river sites over a 15-week recreational season. Water samples were organized into groups based on defined viral and bacterial fecal indicator water quality thresholds and average log10 host-associated genetic marker fecal score ratios were estimated to compare pollutant source inferences based on variable routine water quality monitoring practices. Eligible log10 fecal score ratios ranged from -0.051 (F+ coliphage, GFD) to 2.08 (enterococci, Rum2Bac). Using a fecal score ratio approach, findings suggest that general fecal indicator selection for routine water quality monitoring can influence the interpretation of host-associated genetic marker measurements, in some cases, prioritizing different pollutant sources for remediation. Variable trends were also observed between Great Lake beach and river sites suggesting disparate management practices may be useful for each water type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518055
| | - Catherine A Kelty
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mano Sivaganesan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Orin C Shanks
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Patil VS, Lugani Y, Chaudhari RD, Karodi PP, Mane PC, Mehrotra P, Pawar SP, Shouche YS, Vemuluri VR. Description and genomic insights into a multidrug resistant novel bacterium Savagea serpentis sp. nov., isolated from the scats of a vine snake (Ahaetulla nasuta). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:687-696. [PMID: 33715106 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two Gram-stain positive, endospore forming, non-motile, rod shaped bacterial strains SN6T and SN6b were isolated from scats of a mildly venomous vine snake (Ahaetulla nasuta). Strains were phenotypically resistant to multiple antibiotics of four different classes i.e. aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and sulphonamides. Cells of both the strains were catalase positive and oxidase negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of these two strains showed closest similarity (99.2% and 99.3%) with Savagea faecisuis Con12T, the only species of the genus Savagea and ≤ 94.9% with the species of other closest genera of the family Planococcaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99%), DNA-DNA relatedness (95%) and similar phenotypic characteristics between the strains SN6T and SN6b revealed their phylogenetic affiliation to the same species. Hence, strain SN6b is an additional strain of the type strain SN6T. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain SN6T with S. faecisuis Con12T was 32.8%. Predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (32.0%), iso-C16:1 ω11c (19.2%) and iso-C17:1 ω10c (12.1%). MK-6 (100%) was the only respiratory quinone of strain SN6T. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. Cell wall peptidoglycan was A4α; L-Lys-Gly-D-Glu type. The DNA G + C content (mol%) of SN6T was 40.8. Whole genome sequence of SN6T consisted of 26,37,389 base pairs in length with 2667 annotated genes, out of which 1021 corresponds to hypothetical proteins and 1646 with functional assignments including antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistance efflux pumps, invasion and virulence factors. Comparative polyphasic study of the strains SN6T, SN6b and S. faecisuis Con12T elucidated the differentiating characteristics which led to describing strain SN6T and SN6b as a novel species of the genus Savagea for which the name Savagea serpentis sp. nov is proposed. The type strain of Savagea serpentis is SN6T (= KCTC 33546T = CCUG 6786T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sudhakar Patil
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Yogita Lugani
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Ravindra Deoram Chaudhari
- P. G. Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Shri Shiv Chhatrapati College, Junnar, Pune, Maharashtra, 410 502, India
| | - Prachi Pramod Karodi
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Pramod Chandrakant Mane
- P. G. Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Shri Shiv Chhatrapati College, Junnar, Pune, Maharashtra, 410 502, India
| | - Priyam Mehrotra
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shrikant Prakash Pawar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Yogesh Shripad Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Vemuluri
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Ewbank AC, Esperón F, Sacristán C, Sacristán I, Krul R, Cavalcante de Macedo E, Calatayud O, Bueno I, de Francisco Strefezzi R, Catão-Dias JL. Seabirds as anthropization indicators in two different tropical biotopes: A One Health approach to the issue of antimicrobial resistance genes pollution in oceanic islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142141. [PMID: 32920402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a quintessential One Health issue, among the most serious 21st century global threats to human health. Seabirds may act as sentinels of natural and anthropogenic changes in the marine ecosystem health, including pollution by antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). We used real time PCR to identify and quantify 22 plasmid-mediated ARGs in the gastrointestinal microbiome of six wild seabird species, comparing an anthropized (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago - FNA) and a pristine biotope (Rocas Atoll - ROA), Brazil. Of 257 birds, 218 (84.8%) were positive to at least one ARG. ARG classes encoding resistance to tetracyclines (75.1%), quinolones (10.5%) and phenicols (10.5%) were the most prevalent, with tetracyclines significantly greater than the remaining classes (p < 0.05). Genes tet(S) (29.2%), tet(A) (28.8%), and tet(B) (24.9%) were the most commonly found and had a significantly greater prevalence when compared to the remaining ARGs (p < 0.05). The anthropized biotope presented statistically significant higher prevalence of sulfonamide- and quinolone-encoding ARGs in comparison with the pristine (respectively, p = 0.01 and p = 0.03), and higher sulII gene prevalence (p = 0.04), consistent with anthropogenic pressure. Migratory species (only present in ROA) showed statistically significant higher mcr-1 (polymyxins) and blaTEM (betalactam) prevalences (respectively, p = 0.009 and p = 0.02), and mcr-1 percentage load (p = 0.0079) in comparison with non-migratory. To our knowledge, this is the largest ARGs survey based on direct detection and quantification in seabirds worldwide, and the first to evaluate non-synanthropic species in oceanic islands. This is the first detection of mcr-1 in wild free-ranging seabirds in Brazil and in free-ranging migratory non-synanthropic seabirds worldwide. Our findings show the importance of biological and ecological factors, highlighting the role of seabirds as anthropization sentinels and ARGs-pollution environmental indicators (even in a pristine biotope), and their involvement in the One Health epidemiological chain of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Krul
- Ornithology Laboratory, Center for Studies of the Sea, Paraná State University, Paraná State, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Cavalcante de Macedo
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) - Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, Rocas Atol Biological Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Olga Calatayud
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Bueno
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States.
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The Phylogenetic Structure of Reptile, Avian and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Particular Reference to Extraintestinal Pathotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031192. [PMID: 33530493 PMCID: PMC7865988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) on the microbiomic and pathogenic phenomena occurring in humans and other warm-blooded animals is relatively well-recognized. At the same time, there are scant data concerning the role of E. coli strains in the health and disease of cold-blooded animals. It is presently known that reptiles are common asymptomatic carriers of another human pathogen, Salmonella, which, when transferred to humans, may cause a disease referred to as reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS). We therefore hypothesized that reptiles may also be carriers of specific E. coli strains (reptilian Escherichia coli, RepEC) which may differ in their genetic composition from the human uropathogenic strain (UPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Therefore, we isolated RepECs (n = 24) from reptile feces and compared isolated strains’ pathogenic potentials and phylogenic relations with the aforementioned UPEC (n = 24) and APEC (n = 24) strains. To this end, we conducted an array of molecular analyses, including determination of the phylogenetic groups of E. coli, virulence genotyping, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis-Restriction Analysis (RA-PFGE) and genetic population structure analysis using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). The majority of the tested RepEC strains belonged to nonpathogenic phylogroups, with an important exception of one strain, which belonged to the pathogenic group B2, typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. This strain was part of the globally disseminated ST131 lineage. Unlike RepEC strains and in line with previous studies, a high percentage of UPEC strains belonged to the phylogroup B2, and the percentage distribution of phylogroups among the tested APEC strains was relatively homogenous, with most coming from the following nonpathogenic groups: C, A and B1. The RA-PFGE displayed a high genetic diversity among all the tested E. coli groups. In the case of RepEC strains, the frequency of occurrence of virulence genes (VGs) was lower than in the UPEC and APEC strains. The presented study is one of the first attempting to compare the phylogenetic structures of E. coli populations isolated from three groups of vertebrates: reptiles, birds and mammals (humans).
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Haenni M, Métayer V, Jarry R, Drapeau A, Puech MP, Madec JY, Keck N. Wide Spread of bla CTX-M-9/ mcr-9 IncHI2/ST1 Plasmids and CTX-M-9-Producing Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae in Rescued Wild Animals. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601317. [PMID: 33329492 PMCID: PMC7717979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife has recently been pinpointed as one of the drivers of dissemination of genes conferring resistances to clinically important antimicrobials. The presence of both extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes has notably been reported in wild birds, that can act as sentinels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contamination but also as long-distance spreaders in case of migratory birds. Here, 424 wild birds brought to a rescue center in France were sampled over a 6-month period. These birds encompassed 62 different sedentary or migratory species. A further 16 wild mammals present in the center were also investigated. No carbapenemase-producer was found, but we identified a surprisingly high proportion (24.1%) of ESBL-positive isolates. A total of 144 non-duplicate isolates were collected, including Escherichia coli (n = 88), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 51), and Citrobacter freundii (n = 5), of which 123 carried the blaCTX–M–9 gene. PFGE, phylogroup, and MLST revealed the presence of a limited number of ESBL-positive clones circulating in these animals, all presenting multiple associated resistances. Next-generation sequencing on a subset of isolates, followed by Southern blot hybridization, showed the wide dissemination of an IncHI2/ST1 plasmid carrying the blaCTX–M–9, blaSHV–12 and mcr-9 genes. In all, our results undoubtedly reflect cross transmissions of ESC-resistance (ESC-R) Enterobacteriaceae within the rescue center – similarly to nosocomial spreads observed at hospital, rather than the true bacterial flora of birds. We also showed that the spread of ESC-R in this rescue center did not only rely on clonal but also on a highly successful plasmidic transmission. Since most animals are intended to get back to nature after a few days or weeks, this is obviously an issue with regard to ESBL dissemination in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Métayer
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romane Jarry
- Laboratoire Départemental Vétérinaire de l'Hérault, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Keck
- Laboratoire Départemental Vétérinaire de l'Hérault, Montpellier, France
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Antibiotic Resistance in Recreational Waters: State of the Science. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218034. [PMID: 33142796 PMCID: PMC7663426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambient recreational waters can act as both recipients and natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), where they may persist and replicate. Contact with AMR bacteria and ARGs potentially puts recreators at risk, which can thus decrease their ability to fight infections. A variety of point and nonpoint sources, including contaminated wastewater effluents, runoff from animal feeding operations, and sewer overflow events, can contribute to environmental loading of AMR bacteria and ARGs. The overall goal of this article is to provide the state of the science related to recreational exposure and AMR, which has been an area of increasing interest. Specific objectives of the review include (1) a description of potential sources of antibiotics, AMR bacteria, and ARGs in recreational waters, as documented in the available literature; (2) a discussion of what is known about human recreational exposures to AMR bacteria and ARGs, using findings from health studies and exposure assessments; and (3) identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs. To better understand the dynamics related to AMR and associated recreational water risks, future research should focus on source contribution, fate and transport-across treatment and in the environment; human health risk assessment; and standardized methods.
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46
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Foti M, Grasso R, Fisichella V, Mascetti A, Zafarana MA, Colnaghi M, Grasso M, Spena MT. Analysis of Eurasian Stone curlew ( Burhinus oedicnemus) microbial flora reveals the presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in agro-pastoral areas of Sicily (Italy). Heliyon 2020; 6:e05401. [PMID: 33163668 PMCID: PMC7640352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in natural environments pose a risk to human and animal health. Wild birds are considered to be reservoirs of human pathogens and vectors of antimicrobial resistance distribution in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in isolates from bird specimens living in three agro-pastoral areas of the southeastern Sicily. We analyzed the microbiomes of the Eurasian Stone curlew Burhinus oedicnemus (Charadriiformes, Aves) and identified 91 Gram positive and 212 Gram negative strains, whose antimicrobial susceptibility to 11 and 9 antibiotic classes (respectively) was evaluated using agar disk diffusion test. Isolates showed significant levels of antimicrobial resistance, and a high percentage of MDR strains was found both between the Gram positive (49.4%) and the Gram negative (34.9%). Multi-drug resistance levels are higher among strains isolated in the beak and the eye than among enteric (faeces and cloaca) strains. Our results indicate high levels of MDR strains among wild bird populations, with a potential threat to wildlife and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Foti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rosario Grasso
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fisichella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mascetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Manuel Andrea Zafarana
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Colnaghi
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grasso
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Spena
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Aires-de-Sousa M, Fournier C, Lopes E, de Lencastre H, Nordmann P, Poirel L. High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101487. [PMID: 32998209 PMCID: PMC7601013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate whether seagulls living on the Lisbon coastline, Portugal, might be colonized and consequently represent potential spreaders of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a total of 88 gull fecal samples were screened for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). A large proportion of samples yielded carbapenemase- or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 55%, respectively), while only two MRSA and two VRE were detected. Mating-out assays followed by PCR and whole-plasmid sequencing allowed to identify carbapenemase and ESBL encoding genes. Among 24 carbapenemase-producing isolates, there were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Escherichia coli (33%). OXA-181 was the most common carbapenemase identified (54%), followed by OXA-48 (25%) and KPC-2 (17%). Ten different ESBLs were found among 62 ESBL-producing isolates, mainly being CTX-M-type enzymes (87%). Co-occurrence in single samples of multiple ESBL- and carbapenemase producers belonging to different bacterial species was observed in some cases. Seagulls constitute an important source for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and their gut microbiota a formidable microenvironment for transfer of resistance genes within bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
| | - Claudine Fournier
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Elizeth Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Urban birds: An important source of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains in Central Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101519. [PMID: 32717528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important threats of the 21 st century. Wild birds have been described as reservoirs of AMR in different bacterial species, such as Salmonella spp. Privation of food, climate change and overpopulation have forced many wild species to modify their feeding habits, attending urban areas. In this context, the aim of this study was to study Salmonella presence, as well as related AMR in urban birds that inhabit the city and its surroundings. A total of 300 urban birds were sampled for Salmonella detection according to the ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D) recommendations, and serotyping was carried out according to the White-Kauffman-Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested following 2013/652/EU Decision guides. Wild birds analysed were positive for Salmonella in 12.3 % of cases, with white storks fed in landfills as the most Salmonella prevalent species (p < 0.05). The most common serovars isolated were zoonotic (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Typhimurium monophasic variant). From Salmonella isolated strains, 40.5 % were resistant to the most prevalent AMRs found in urban birds were ciprofloxacin (36.4 %), nalidixic acid (36.4 %) and colistin (27.3 %). The scientific community, public administration and population in general should work together to control antimicrobial administration and drug waste management in order to decrease the development and spread of AMR.
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Bird-livestock interactions associated with increased cattle fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli within feedlots in the United States. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10174. [PMID: 32576851 PMCID: PMC7311412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This research study was conducted to determine if bird depredation in feedlots is associated with the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in cattle and to determine if removal of invasive bird species could be an effective management strategy to help reduce ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli in cattle within the United States. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were collected from feedlots within multiple geographic regions within the United States and European starlings within all regions tested positive for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, but prevalence differed by region. Total number of birds on feedlots were positively associated with increased cattle fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Targeted control of invasive European starlings reduced bird numbers on feedlots by 70.4%, but decreasing populations of European starlings was not associated with corresponding reductions in bovine fecal prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. These data provide evidence for the role of wild bird depredation in feedlots contributing to fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, but a single month of European starling control in feedlots was not sufficient to impact the fecal carriage of this organism in cattle.
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Song J, Jongmans-Hochschulz E, Mauder N, Imirzalioglu C, Wichels A, Gerdts G. The Travelling Particles: Investigating microplastics as possible transport vectors for multidrug resistant E. coli in the Weser estuary (Germany). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137603. [PMID: 32143053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments has been a long withstanding health concern, namely extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli. Given increasing reports on microplastic (MP) pollution in these environments, it has become crucial to better understand the role of MP particles as transport vectors for such multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, an incubation experiment was designed where particles of both synthetic and natural material (HDPE, tyre wear, and wood) were sequentially incubated at multiple sites along a salinity gradient from the Lower Weser estuary (Germany) to the offshore island Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Following each incubation period, particle biofilms and water samples were assessed for ESBL-producing E. coli, first by the enrichment and detection of E. coli using Fluorocult® LMX Broth followed by cultivation on CHROMAgar™ ESBL media to select for ESBL-producers. Results showed that general E. coli populations were present on the surfaces of wood particles across all sites but none were found to produce ESBLs. Additionally, neither HDPE nor tyre wear particles were found to harbour any E. coli. Conversely, ESBL-producing E. coli were present in surrounding waters from all sites, 64% of which conferred resistances against up to 3 other antibiotic groups, additional to the beta-lactam resistances intrinsic to ESBL-producers. This study provides a first look into the potential of MP to harbour and transport multidrug-resistant E. coli across different environments and the approach serves as an important precursor to further studies on other potentially harmful MP-colonizing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Song
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Elanor Jongmans-Hochschulz
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Norman Mauder
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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