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Mackova V, Raudenska M, Polanska HH, Jakubek M, Masarik M. Navigating the redox landscape: reactive oxygen species in regulation of cell cycle. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2371173. [PMID: 38972297 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2371173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To advance our knowledge of disease mechanisms and therapeutic options, understanding cell cycle regulation is critical. Recent research has highlighted the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell cycle regulation. Although excessive ROS levels can lead to age-related pathologies, ROS also play an essential role in normal cellular functions. Many cell cycle regulatory proteins are affected by their redox status, but the precise mechanisms and conditions under which ROS promote or inhibit cell proliferation are not fully understood.Methods: This review presents data from the scientific literature and publicly available databases on changes in redox state during the cell cycle and their effects on key regulatory proteins.Results: We identified redox-sensitive targets within the cell cycle machinery and analysed different effects of ROS (type, concentration, duration of exposure) on cell cycle phases. For example, moderate levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation by activating signalling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, whereas excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage and trigger cell cycle arrest or cell death.Discussion: Our findings encourage future research focused on identifying redox-sensitive targets in the cell cycle machinery, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases with dysregulated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Mackova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Wei J, Zhao X, Long F, Tian K, Wu L. Lianhua Qingwen exerts anti-liver cancer effects and synergistic efficacy with sorafenib through PI3K/AKT pathway: Integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Gene 2024; 912:148383. [PMID: 38493972 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and sorafenib resistance is the main treatment obstacle for patients with advanced liver cancer. Developing drugs that sensitize liver cancer patients to sorafenib is of great importance. Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW), a sort of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), is reported to exert synergistic effects with oseltamivir against Influenza virus. However, whether LHQW could exhibit anti-liver cancer effects and enhance the efficacy of sorafenib against liver cancer have not been reported. In the present study, the potential anti-liver cancer effects of LHQW and its synergistic effects with sorafenib were investigated via applying network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments. An "ingredient-compound- target-liver cancer" network was constructed which included 12 ingredients, 164 compounds, and 402 targets. AKT1 was identified as the most hub gene and the PI3K/AKT pathway was revealed as the most enriched pathway. Subsequently, the molecular docking results showed that kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin were screened as the top 3 compounds which showed the tightest binding to AKT1. Further, the in vitro experiments verified that LHQW significantly inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Western blot assays confirmed that LHQW could attenuate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Interestingly, LHQW showed a synergistic effect with sorafenib against liver cancer via reducing cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and down- regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. This study broadens the potential application of LHQW and provides insights for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Wei
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuqi Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 7 Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Fuli Long
- Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Kunpeng Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 7 Guangxi 530004, China; Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Lichuan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 7 Guangxi 530004, China.
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3
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Chang LY, Chao YL, Chiu CC, Chen PL, Lin HYH. Mitochondrial Signaling, the Mechanisms of AKI-to-CKD Transition and Potential Treatment Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1518. [PMID: 38338797 PMCID: PMC10855342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing in prevalence and causes a global health burden. AKI is associated with significant mortality and can subsequently develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the human body and has a role in active solute transport, maintenance of electrochemical gradients, and regulation of fluid balance. Renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are the primary segment to reabsorb and secrete various solutes and take part in AKI initiation. Mitochondria, which are enriched in PTCs, are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells as generated through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impaired biogenesis, oxidative stress multiplication, and ultimately leading to cell death. Even though mitochondrial damage and malfunction have been observed in both human kidney disease and animal models of AKI and CKD, the mechanism of mitochondrial signaling in PTC for AKI-to-CKD transition remains unknown. We review the recent findings of the development of AKI-to-CKD transition with a focus on mitochondrial disorders in PTCs. We propose that mitochondrial signaling is a key mechanism of the progression of AKI to CKD and potential targeting for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Lin Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Phang-Lang Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Hugo Y.-H. Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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4
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Rong P, Yanchu L, Nianchun G, Qi L, Xianyong L. Glyoxal-induced disruption of tumor cell progression in breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 36908974 PMCID: PMC9993443 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and remains a major global challenge, with ~1.4 million cases per year, worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that changes in cell metabolism are associated with the regulation of tumor progression. In the present study, the anti-cancer properties of glyoxal (GO), which is the smallest dialdehyde formed in the oxidation-reduction reaction and involved in electron transfer and energy metabolism, in breast cancer was investigated. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of GO were investigated in breast cancer cell lines using MTT and crystal violet assays, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that GO strongly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, induced the disappearance of cellular microvilli, and enlarged mitochondria. In addition, the protein expression level of AKT, mTOR and p70-S6K decreased in the AKT-mTOR pathway, accompanied by an increase in p-ERK and p-MEK in the MAPK pathway. The results from the present study indicate that GO suppressed breast cancer progression via the MAPK and AKT-mTOR pathways. Taken together, these results provide the basis for a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Rong
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China.,Department of Research, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China
| | - Li Yanchu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guo Nianchun
- Department of Research, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Research, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China
| | - Li Xianyong
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China.,Department of Research, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, P.R. China
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5
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Pontrello CG, McWhirt JM, Glabe CG, Brewer GJ. Age-Related Oxidative Redox and Metabolic Changes Precede Intraneuronal Amyloid-β Accumulation and Plaque Deposition in a Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1501-1521. [PMID: 36278355 PMCID: PMC9789488 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many identified mechanisms could be upstream of the prominent amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To profile the progression of pathology in AD. METHODS We monitored metabolic signaling, redox stress, intraneuronal amyloid-β (iAβ) accumulation, and extracellular plaque deposition in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice across the lifespan. RESULTS Intracellular accumulation of aggregated Aβ in the CA1 pyramidal cells at 9 months preceded extracellular plaques that first presented in the CA1 at 16 months of age. In biochemical assays, brain glutathione (GSH) declined with age in both 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic controls, but the decline was accelerated in 3xTg-AD brains from 2 to 4 months. The decline in GSH correlated exponentially with the rise in iAβ. Integrated metabolic signaling as the ratio of phospho-Akt (pAkt) to total Akt (tAkt) in the PI3kinase and mTOR pathway declined at 6, 9, and 12 months, before rising at 16 and 20 months. These pAkt/tAkt ratios correlated with both iAβ and GSH levels in a U-shaped relationship. Selective vulnerability of age-related AD-genotype-specific pAkt changes was greatest in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer. To demonstrate redox causation, iAβ accumulation was lowered in cultured middle-age adult 3xTg-AD neurons by treatment of the oxidized redox state in the neurons with exogenous cysteine. CONCLUSION The order of pathologic progression in the 3xTg-AD mouse was loss of GSH (oxidative redox shift) followed by a pAkt/tAkt metabolic shift in CA1, iAβ accumulation in CA1, and extracellular Aβ deposition. Upstream targets may prove strategically more effective for therapy before irreversible changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal G. Pontrello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M. McWhirt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles G. Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
MIND Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
MIND Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Gregory J. Brewer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Tel.: +1 217 502 4511; E-mail:
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Helfenberger KE, Argentino GF, Benzo Y, Herrera LM, Finocchietto P, Poderoso C. Angiotensin II Regulates Mitochondrial mTOR Pathway Activity Dependent on Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4 in Adrenocortical Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6763139. [PMID: 36256598 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two well-known protein complexes in mammalian cells, mTOR type 1 and type 2 (mTORC1/2) are involved in several cellular processes such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and commonly dysregulated in cancer. An acyl-CoA synthetase type 4 (ACSL4) is one of the most recently mTORC1/2 regulators described, in breast cancer cells. The expression of ACSL4 is hormone-regulated in adrenocortical cells and required for steroid biosynthesis. mTORC1/2 have been reported to be crucial in the proliferation of human adrenocortical tumor cells H295R and interestingly reported at several subcellular locations, which has brought cell biology to the vanguard of the mTOR signaling field. In the present work, we study the regulation of mTORC1/2 activation by angiotensin II (Ang II)-the trophic hormone for adrenocortical cells-the subcellular localization of mTORC1/2 signaling proteins and the role of ACSL4 in the regulation of this pathway, in H295R cells. Ang II promotes activation by phosphorylation of mTORC1/2 pathway proteins in a time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial pools of ribosomal protein S6, protein kinase B (Akt) in threonine 308, and serine 473 and Rictor are phosphorylated and activated. Glycogen synthase kinase type 3 (GSK3) is phosphorylated and inactivated in mitochondria, favoring mTORC1 activation. Epidermal growth factor, a classic mTORC1/2 activator, promoted unique activation kinetics of mTORC1/2 pathway, except for Akt phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that ACSL4 is necessary for mTORC1/2 effectors phosphorylation and H295R proliferation, triggered by Ang II. Ang II promotes activation of mitochondrial mTORC1/2 signaling proteins, through ACSL4, with a direct effect on adrenocortical cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia E Helfenberger
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Giuliana F Argentino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Yanina Benzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lucía M Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Paola Finocchietto
- Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno. Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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7
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Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:893-992. [PMID: 34698550 PMCID: PMC8816638 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Bahar B, Kanagasingam S, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Dillon SA, Doaei S, Welbury R, Chukkapalli SS, Singhrao SK. Porphyromonas gingivalis (W83) Infection Induces Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathophysiology in Obese and Diabetic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1259-1275. [PMID: 34151813 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease(s) and metabolic illnesses negatively impact the quality of life and, eventually mental health. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (W83) oral infection on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology in a wild-type obese, diabetic (db/db) mouse model. METHODS The db/db mice were either orally infected with P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum or sham infected for 16 weeks. The presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were assessed using a silver impregnation technique and subsequently by immunohistochemistry for tau and neuroinflammation. The mRNA abundance of a panel of 184 genes was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS While no Aβ plaques and NFTs were evident by silver impregnation, immunohistochemistry (glial cell markers) of the P. gingivalis-infected mice tissue sections exhibited neuroinflammation in the form of reactive microglia and astrocytes. Anti-tau immunopositivity, in addition to cells, was prominent in thickened axons of hippocampal CA neurons. The mRNA abundance of crucial genes in the insulin signaling pathway (INSR, IGF1, IRS, IDE, PIK3R, SGK1, GYS, GSK3B, AKT1) were upregulated, potentially exacerbating insulin resistance in the brain by P. gingivalis oral infection. Increased mRNA abundance of several kinases, membrane receptors, transcription factors, and pro-inflammatory mediators indicated hyperactivation of intracellular cascades with potential for tau phosphorylation and Aβ release in the same infection group. CONCLUSION P. gingivalis W83 infection of db/db mice provides a disease co-morbidity model with the potential to reproduce AD pathophysiology with induced periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Shalini Kanagasingam
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Stephanie A Dillon
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Shool of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Richard Welbury
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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An Integrated Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Molecular Markers of Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115414. [PMID: 34063776 PMCID: PMC8196602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors are highly efficacious immunosuppressive agents used in pediatric kidney transplantation. However, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CNIT) has been associated with the development of chronic renal allograft dysfunction and decreased graft survival. This study evaluated 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from pediatric kidney transplant recipients using gene expression profiling. Normal allograft samples (n = 12) served as negative controls and were compared to biopsies exhibiting CNIT (n = 11). The remaining samples served as positive controls to validate CNIT marker specificity and were characterized by other common causes of graft failure such as acute rejection (n = 7) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (n = 7). MiRNA profiles served as the platform for data integration. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the top molecular pathways associated with overexpressed genes in CNIT samples. Decreased ATP synthesis was identified as a significant biological function in CNIT, while key toxicology pathways included NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and increased permeability transition of mitochondria. An integrative analysis demonstrated a panel of 13 significant miRNAs and their 33 CNIT-specific gene targets involved with mitochondrial activity and function. We also identified a candidate panel of miRNAs/genes, which may serve as future molecular markers for CNIT diagnosis as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Cassina P, Miquel E, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina A. Glial Metabolic Reprogramming in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:204-212. [PMID: 34175843 DOI: 10.1159/000516926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a human neurodegenerative disorder that induces a progressive paralysis of voluntary muscles due to motor neuron loss. The causes are unknown, and there is no curative treatment available. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of ALS pathology; however, it is currently unknown whether it is a cause or a consequence of disease progression. Recent evidence indicates that glial mitochondrial function changes to cope with energy demands and critically influences neuronal death and disease progression. Aberrant glial cells detected in the spinal cord of diseased animals are characterized by increased proliferation rate and reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics. These features can be compared with cancer cell behavior of adapting to nutrient microenvironment by altering energy metabolism, a concept known as metabolic reprogramming. We focus on data that suggest that aberrant glial cells in ALS undergo metabolic reprogramming and profound changes in glial mitochondrial activity, which are associated with motor neuron death in ALS. This review article emphasizes on the association between metabolic reprogramming and glial reactivity, bringing new paradigms from the area of cancer research into neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting glial mitochondrial function and metabolic reprogramming may result in promising therapeutic strategies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cassina
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto Miquel
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bahar B, Singhrao SK. An evaluation of the molecular mode of action of trans-resveratrol in the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide challenged neuronal cell model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:147-156. [PMID: 33289908 PMCID: PMC7884301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis triggers a range of innate immune responses in the host that may contribute to the development of periodontitis and dementing diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to assess the mode of action of trans-resveratrol in modulating the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) induced metabolic inflammation in a neuronal cell model. Confluent IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells were treated with trans-resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum in the presence or absence of PgLPS. The abundance of messenger ribo-nucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts of a panel of 92 genes was quantitatively assessed through targeted transcriptome profiling technique and the biochemical pathways affected were identified through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Gene expression analysis revealed that trans-resveratrol down-regulated the mRNA of multiple gene markers including growth factors, transcription factors, kinases, trans-membrane receptors, cytokines and enzymes that were otherwise activated by PgLPS treatment of IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the cellular oxidative stress caused by the activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt1 (PI3K/Akt1) pathway that leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic inflammatory response induced by the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway and nutrient utilization pathways were favourably modulated by trans-resveratrol in the PgLPS challenged IMR-32 cells. This study demonstrates the potential of trans-resveratrol as a bioactive compound with multiple modes of intracellular action further supporting its therapeutic application in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojlul Bahar
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Food Safety Studies, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, Lancashire, UK.
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Ohwada W, Tanno M, Yano T, Ong SB, Abe K, Sato T, Kuno A, Miki T, Sugawara H, Igaki Y, Miura T. Distinct intra-mitochondrial localizations of pro-survival kinases and regulation of their functions by DUSP5 and PHLPP-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165851. [PMID: 32480039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ERK and Akt have been shown to regulate cell sensitivity to death-inducing stress by phosphorylating GSK-3β, a major modulator of the threshold for mitochondrial permeability transition. Here we examined intra-mitochondrial localization of the pro-survival kinases and their regulation by phosphatases. Stepwise trypsin digestion of mitochondria isolated from HEK293 or H9c2 cells was performed, and immunoblotting revealed that GSK-3β and ERK localized dominantly in the outer membrane (OM), while Akt resided at comparable levels in OM, the inner membrane (IM) and the matrix. Treatment with IGF-1 increased the protein level of Akt in the matrix, while ERK and GSK-3β protein levels were increased in OM. Simultaneously, IGF-1 treatment elevated the level of Thr202/Tyr204-phospho-ERK in IM and matrix and levels of Ser473-phospho-Akt and Ser9-phospho-GSK-3β in OM, IM and matrix. Exposing cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using antimycin A increased the levels of DUSP5 and PHLPP-1 mainly in OM and induced dephosphorylation of Akt, ERK and GSK-3β. The mitochondrial localization of DUSP5 was confirmed by experiments with mitochondria purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation and by transfection of cells with GFP-tagged DUSP5. Knockdown of either DUSP5 or PHLPP-1 increased the levels of both Thr202/Tyr204-phospho-ERK and Ser473-phospho-Akt in mitochondria. Cell death induced by antimycin A was suppressed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of DUSP5. The results suggest that Akt and ERK in mitochondria show distinct intra-mitochondrial localization and crosstalk in GSK-3β regulation and that recruitment of DUSP5 as well as PHLPP-1 to mitochondria contributes to ROS-induced termination of the protective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sang-Bing Ong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sugawara
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Igaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Tu T, Chen J, Chen L, Stiles BL. Dual-Specific Protein and Lipid Phosphatase PTEN and Its Biological Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036301. [PMID: 31548229 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) encodes a 403-amino acid protein with an amino-terminal domain that shares sequence homology with the actin-binding protein tensin and the putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin. Crystal structure analysis of PTEN has revealed a C2 domain that binds to phospholipids in membranes and a phosphatase domain that displays dual-specific activity toward both tyrosine (Y), serine (S)/threonine (T), as well as lipid substrates in vitro. Characterized primarily as a lipid phosphatase, PTEN plays important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell growth/survival as well as metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojian Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Bangyan L Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson's Disease In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8169125. [PMID: 31827703 PMCID: PMC6885178 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8169125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and there is no cure for it at present. We have previously reported that the tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) derivative T-006 exhibited beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, its effect on PD remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of T-006 against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced lesions in in vivo and in vitro PD models. Our results demonstrated that T-006 alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential loss and restored the energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis that were induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells. In addition, animal experiments showed that administration of T-006 significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the SNpc, as well as dopaminergic nerve fibers in the striatum, and also increased the concentration of dopamine and its metabolites (DOPAC, HVA) in the striatum. Functional deficits were restored following T-006 treatment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice, as demonstrated by improved motor coordination and rotational behavior. In addition, we found that the neuroprotective effects of T-006 were mediated, at least in part, by the activation of both the PKA/Akt/GSK-3β and CREB/PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathways. In summary, our findings demonstrate that T-006 could be developed as a novel neuroprotective agent for PD, and the two pathways might be promising therapeutic targets for PD.
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15
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Mitochondrial Akt Signaling Modulated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9919. [PMID: 31289326 PMCID: PMC6616364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms controlling somatic cell reprogramming are not fully understood. In this study, we report a novel role for mitochondrial Akt1 signaling that enhanced somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. The role of mitochondrial Akt1 in somatic cell reprogramming was investigated by transducing fibroblasts with the four reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in conjunction with Mito-Akt1, Mito-dnAkt1, or control virus. Mito-Akt1 enhanced reprogramming efficiency whereas Mito-dnAkt1 inhibited reprogramming. The resulting iPSCs formed embryoid bodies in vitro and teratomas in vivo. Moreover, Oct4 and Nanog promoter methylation was reduced in the iPSCs generated in the presence of Mito-Akt1. Akt1 was activated and translocated into mitochondria after growth factor stimulation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To study the effect of mitochondrial Akt in ESCs, a mitochondria-targeting constitutively active Akt1 (Mito-Akt1) was expressed in ESCs. Gene expression profiling showed upregulation of genes that promote stem cell proliferation and survival and down-regulation of genes that promote differentiation. Analysis of cellular respiration indicated similar metabolic profile in the resulting iPSCs and ESCs, suggesting comparable bioenergetics. These findings showed that activation of mitochondrial Akt1 signaling was required during somatic cell reprogramming.
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Soares C, Melo de Lima Morais T, Carlos R, Mariano FV, Altemani A, Freire de Carvalho MG, Corrêa MB, Dias Dos Reis RR, Amorim LS, Paes de Almeida O, Jorge J. Phosphorylated Akt1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in cutaneous, oral and sinonasal melanomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37291-37304. [PMID: 30647870 PMCID: PMC6324666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are highly aggressive tumours derived from melanocytes, which occur most commonly in the skin. Occasionally, these tumours may appear in oral and sinonasal mucous membranes. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the Phosphorylated Akt1 (p-Akt1) expression in 144 patients affected by cutaneous (CM), 34 oral cavity (OM), and 31 sinonasal melanomas (SNM). Similar to the metastatic cutaneous melanomas, p-Akt1 was overexpressed in 17/34 of the oral cavity and 20/31 of the sinonasal melanomas. In addition, the p-Akt1-nuclear expression was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival in cutaneous (P < .0001), oral (P < .0001), and sinonasal (P = .001) melanomas. Multivariate analysis showed p-Akt1 to be an independent prognostic marker in oral (P = .041) and sinonasal (P < .0001) melanomas patients. In conclusion, p-Akt1 overexpression is an independent prognostic marker in mucosal melanomas and is significantly up-regulated in sinonasal melanomas. As both mucosal and metastatic cutaneous melanomas showed high frequency of p-Akt1 expression, these findings suggest that mucosal melanomas have a biological behaviour, similar to the aggressive cutaneous melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Soares
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayná Melo de Lima Morais
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roman Carlos
- Pathology Division, Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello/Hospital Herrera Llerandi, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Brum Corrêa
- Head and Neck Surgery Department - Oncology Center (CEON), Fornecedores de Cana Hospital, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacks Jorge
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xu ZH, Liu CH, Hang JB, Gao BL, Hu JA. Rituximab effectively reverses Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance through inhibiting the accumulation of rictor on mitochondria-associated ER-membrane (MAM). Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:581-588. [PMID: 28946557 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a novel group of target-specific anti lung cancer drugs, have recently been found to resistant to some NSCLC cells which have the T790M EGFR mutation. However, recent investigations on the therapies of resistance to EGFR-TKIs are very limited. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective therapies to reverse EGFR-TKIs resistance. In our present study, erlotinib was used as the TKIs drug and the effects of the erlotinib on cell growth were evaluated. Cell viability and concentration dependent studies were performed using HCI-H1975 and HCI-H1299 cells alone with erlotinib, respectively. Further combined with rituximab, the results showed that erlotinib and rituximab were significantly inhibited the cell growth. Furthermore, the combination of erlotinib and rituximab greatly decreased the expression of p-mTOR and p-EGFR. Additional results from western blotting and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that the accumulation of rictor was also decreased on MAM. Thus, all these results suggested that EGFR-TKIs combined with CD20 mono-antibody significantly decrease the cell growth of H1975 cells and H1299, with T790M EGFR mutation, and inhibit the localization of the key mTOR pathway proteins to MAM. So, it may be a promising strategy for overcoming EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Biao Hang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Li Gao
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-An Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Alpha-synuclein mitochondrial interaction leads to irreversible translocation and complex I impairment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 651:1-12. [PMID: 29702063 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-synuclein is involved in both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Although its interaction with mitochondria has been well documented, several aspects remains unknown or under debate such as the specific sub-mitochondrial localization or the dynamics of the interaction. It has been suggested that α-synuclein could only interact with ER-associated mitochondria. The vast use of model systems and experimental conditions makes difficult to compare results and extract definitive conclusions. Here we tackle this by analyzing, in a simplified system, the interaction between purified α-synuclein and isolated rat brain mitochondria. This work shows that wild type α-synuclein interacts with isolated mitochondria and translocates into the mitochondrial matrix. This interaction and the irreversibility of α-synuclein translocation depend on incubation time and α-synuclein concentration. FRET experiments show that α-synuclein localizes close to components of the TOM complex suggesting a passive transport of α-synuclein through the outer membrane. In addition, α-synuclein binding alters mitochondrial function at the level of Complex I leading to a decrease in ATP synthesis and an increase of ROS production.
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Helfenberger KE, Villalba NM, Buchholz B, Boveris A, Poderoso JJ, Gelpi RJ, Poderoso C. Subcellular distribution of ERK phosphorylation in tyrosine and threonine depends on redox status in murine lung cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193022. [PMID: 29489891 PMCID: PMC5831038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of ERK1/2 implies the phosphorylation of tyrosine (pTyr) and threonine (pThr) by MEK1/2; both reactions were thought to be cytoplasmic, promoting ERK to reach the nucleus where it activates several transcription factors. In addition, H2O2 concentrations are known to modulate ERK intracellular translocation, which impacts on cellular proliferation. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the sequence of ERK phosphorylation under two redox conditions and to analyze a putative mitochondrial contribution to this process, in LP07 murine lung cells. A time-course of H2O2 administration was used and ERK phosphorylation was analyzed in cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei. At 1μM H2O2, a proliferative redox stimulus, immunoblot revealed a fast and transient increase in cytosol pTyr and a sustained increase in mitochondrial pTyr content. The detection for pThr/pTyrERK (2pERK) showed in cytosol a marked increase at 5 minutes with a fast dephosphorylation after that time, for both H2O2 concentrations. However, at 50 μM H2O2, an anti-proliferative condition, 2pERK was gradually retained in mitochondria. Interestingly, these results were confirmed by in vivo experiments using mice treated with a highly oxidizing agent [H2O2]. By the use of two ERK2 mutant constructions, where Tyr and Thr were replaced by alanine, we confirmed that 2pERK relied almost completely on pThr183. Confocal microscopy confirmed ERK subcellular distribution dependence on the incidence of cytosolic pTyr and mitochondrial pThr at 1μM H2O2. This work shows for the first time, both in vitro and in vivo, an ERK cycle involving a cross-talk between cytosol and mitochondria phosphorylation events, which may play a significant role in cell cycle progression, proliferation or differentiation under two different redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia E. Helfenberger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerina M. Villalba
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Buchholz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Boveris
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Chen CY, Chen J, He L, Stiles BL. PTEN: Tumor Suppressor and Metabolic Regulator. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:338. [PMID: 30038596 PMCID: PMC6046409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a dual phosphatase with both protein and lipid phosphatase activities. PTEN was first discovered as a tumor suppressor with growth and survival regulatory functions. In recent years, the function of PTEN as a metabolic regulator has attracted significant attention. As the lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-phosphate (PIP3), PTEN reduces the level of PIP3, a critical 2nd messenger mediating the signal of not only growth factors but also insulin. In this review, we introduced the discovery of PTEN, the PTEN-regulated canonical and nuclear signals, and PTEN regulation. We then focused on the role of PTEN and PTEN-regulated signals in metabolic regulation. This included the role of PTEN in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipid metabolism as well as mitochondrial metabolism. We also included how PTEN and PTEN regulated metabolic functions may act paradoxically toward insulin sensitivity and tumor metabolism and growth. Further understanding of how PTEN regulates metabolism and how such regulations lead to different biological outcomes is necessary for interventions targeting at the PTEN-regulated signals in either cancer or diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lina He
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bangyan L. Stiles
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Meyer M, Garay LI, Kruse MS, Lara A, Gargiulo-Monachelli G, Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Coirini H, De Nicola AF, Gonzalez Deniselle MC. Protective effects of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in a mouse model of spontaneous motoneuron degeneration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:201-216. [PMID: 28951257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive death of motoneurons. The Wobbler (WR) mouse is a preclinical model sharing neuropathological similarities with human ALS. We have shown that progesterone (PROG) prevents the progression of motoneuron degeneration. We now studied if allopregnanolone (ALLO), a reduced metabolite of PROG endowed with gabaergic activity, also prevents WR neuropathology. Sixty-day old WRs remained untreated or received two steroid treatment regimens in order to evaluate the response of several parameters during early or prolonged steroid administration. ALLO was administered s.c. daily for 5days (4mg/kg) or every other day for 32days (3, 3mg/kg), while another group of WRs received a 20mg PROG pellet s.c. for 18 or 60days. ALLO administration to WRs increased ALLO serum levels without changing PROG and 5 alpha dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP), whereas PROG treatment increased PROG, 5α-DHP and ALLO. Untreated WRs showed higher basal levels of serum 5α-DHP than controls. In the cervical spinal cord we studied markers of oxidative stress or associated to trophic responses. These included nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, motoneuron vacuolation, MnSOD immunoreactivity (IR), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB mRNAs, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and, cell survival or death signals such as pAKT and the stress activated kinase JNK. Untreated WRs showed a reduction of MnSOD-IR and BDNF/TrkB mRNAs, associated to high p75NTR in motoneurons, neuronal and glial NOS hyperactivity and neuronal vacuolation. Also, low pAKT, mainly in young WRs, and a high pJNK in the old stage characterized WŔs spinal cord. Except for MnSOD and BDNF, these alterations were prevented by an acute ALLO treatment, while short-term PROG elevated MnSOD. Moreover, after chronic administration both steroids enhanced MnSOD-IR and BDNF mRNA, while attenuated pJNK and NOS in glial cells. Long-term PROG also increased pAKT and reduced neuronal NOS, parameters not modulated by chronic ALLO. Clinically, both steroids improved muscle performance. Thus, ALLO was able to reduce neuropathology in this model. Since high oxidative stress activates p75NTR and pJNK in neurodegeneration, steroid reduction of these molecules may provide adequate neuroprotection. These data yield the first evidence that ALLO, a gabaergic neuroactive steroid, brings neuroprotection in a model of motoneuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Garay
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Kruse
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Lara
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisella Gargiulo-Monachelli
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud: "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules", 94276, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud: "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules", 94276, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hector Coirini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de, Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cellular adaptation to xenobiotics: Interplay between xenosensors, reactive oxygen species and FOXO transcription factors. Redox Biol 2017; 13:646-654. [PMID: 28818793 PMCID: PMC5558470 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adapt to an exposure to xenobiotics by upregulating the biosynthesis of proteins involved in xenobiotic metabolism. This is achieved largely via activation of cellular xenosensors that modulate gene expression. Biotransformation of xenobiotics frequently comes with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, in turn, are known modulators of signal transduction processes. FOXO (forkhead box, class O) transcription factors are among the proteins deeply involved in the cellular response to stress, including oxidative stress elicited by the formation of ROS. On the one hand, FOXO activity is modulated by ROS, while on the other, FOXO target genes include many that encode antioxidant proteins – thereby establishing a regulatory circuit. Here, the role of ROS and of FOXOs in the regulation of xenosensor transcriptional activities will be discussed. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) all interact with FOXOs and/or ROS. The two latter not only fine-tune the activities of xenosensors but also mediate interactions between them. As a consequence, the emerging picture of an interplay between xenosensors, ROS and FOXO transcription factors suggests a modulatory role of ROS and FOXOs in the cellular adaptive response to xenobiotics. Exposure of cells to xenobiotics may trigger formation of reactive oxygen species. Xenosensors respond to xenobiotics by upregulation of xenobiotic metabolism. FOXO transcription factors modulate the activities of several xenosensors. ROS affect FOXO activity, and FOXO target genes include antioxidant proteins. FOXOs bridge xenobiotic-induced ROS generation and xenosensor regulation.
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Chen X, Li S, Zeng Z, Gu Z, Yu Y, zheng F, Zhou Y, Wang H. Notch1 signalling inhibits apoptosis of human dental follicle stem cells via both the cytoplasmic mitochondrial pathway and nuclear transcription regulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 82:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Patil I, Cadenas E. Energy metabolism and inflammation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:108-122. [PMID: 27154981 PMCID: PMC5094909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high energy demand of the brain renders it sensitive to changes in energy fuel supply and mitochondrial function. Deficits in glucose availability and mitochondrial function are well-known hallmarks of brain aging and are particularly accentuated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. As important cellular sources of H2O2, mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with altered redox status. Bioenergetic deficits and chronic oxidative stress are both major contributors to cognitive decline associated with brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammatory changes, including microglial activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and normal aging. The bioenergetic hypothesis advocates for sequential events from metabolic deficits to propagation of neuronal dysfunction, to aging, and to neurodegeneration, while the inflammatory hypothesis supports microglia activation as the driving force for neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, growing evidence suggests that these diverse mechanisms have redox dysregulation as a common denominator and connector. An independent view of the mechanisms underlying brain aging and neurodegeneration is being replaced by one that entails multiple mechanisms coordinating and interacting with each other. This review focuses on the alterations in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses and their connection via redox regulation in normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Interaction of these systems is reviewed based on basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA.
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Ishan Patil
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
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25
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE For a healthy cell to turn into a cancer cell and grow out to become a tumor, it needs to undergo a series of complex changes and acquire certain traits, summarized as "The Hallmarks of Cancer." These hallmarks can all be regarded as the result of altered signal transduction cascades and an understanding of these cascades is essential for cancer treatment. RECENT ADVANCES Redox signaling is a long overlooked form of signal transduction that proceeds through the reversible oxidation of cysteines in proteins and that uses hydrogen peroxide as a second messenger. CRITICAL ISSUES In this article, we provide examples that show that redox signaling is involved in the regulation of proteins and signaling cascades that play roles in every hallmark of cancer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS An understanding of how redox signaling and "classical" signal transduction are intertwined could hold promising strategies for cancer therapy in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 300-325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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26
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Rohlenova K, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. The role of Her2 and other oncogenes of the PI3K/AKT pathway in mitochondria. Biol Chem 2016; 397:607-15. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Altered metabolism and resistance to cell death are typical hallmarks of cancer phenotype. Mitochondria are organelles central to cellular metabolism as well as to cell death induction. Hyperactivation of pro-survival and pro-proliferative pathways such as PI3K/AKT leads to cancer initiation, which affects mitochondria. Growing body of evidence indicates that oncogenes such as HER2, EGFR and RAS, as well as the downstream members of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, directly regulate mitochondria by translocating to the organelle. Here we discuss evidence of this scenario and consider mechanisms for direct regulation of mitochondrial function. Being in close proximity to mitochondrial bioenergetics machinery as well as to the regulators/executors of programed cell death, oncogenes in mitochondria may be ideally placed to perform this task. This represents a thus far under-explored area, which may be relevant to better understanding of cancer initiation, progression and treatment.
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27
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Kitano H, Mamiya A, Ishikawa T, Egoshi K, Kokubun S, Hidai C. Long-term gene therapy with Del1 fragment using nonviral vectors in mice with explanted tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:503-16. [PMID: 26889088 PMCID: PMC4741368 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s90801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy using nonviral vectors is useful for long periods of treatment because such vectors are both safe and inexpensive, and thus can be used repeatedly. It has been reported that gene therapy with an E3C1 fragment of Del1 in a mouse explanted tumor model improved prognosis. The present study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of repeated non-viral gene transfer of E3C1. Mice with explanted tumors of SCCKN cells, a human squamous carcinoma, were treated with a plasmid encoding E3C1. Plasmids were injected locally every week using a transfection reagent. Control mice treated with mock DNA started to be euthanized on day 18, because the tumors had grown to over 15% of the body weight, and all of them had died by day 43. On the other hand, the tumors in two of ten mice treated with E3C1 had disappeared. The other eight mice started to be euthanized on day 46 and eight of ten mice had been euthanized by day 197. After 18 days of therapy, the tumor volume of control mice was 2,804±829 mm(3) and that of the E3C1 mice was 197±159 mm(3). Histochemical studies showed enhanced apoptosis in the E3C1-treated tumors, as compared with controls. Changes in cell morphology and decreased polymerized actin induced by E3C1 indicated disturbed cell adhesion to the matrix. In in vitro studies of SCCKN cells, prolonged administration of an E3C1 recombinant protein to cultured cells reduced adhesion-independent growth of cancer cells, as compared with control cells. These data suggest that E3C1 treatment induces anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kitano
- Division of Dental Surgery, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mamiya
- Division of Dental Surgery, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ishikawa
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Egoshi
- School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kokubun
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hidai
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Karimi Galougahi K, Ashley EA, Ali ZA. Redox regulation of vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:349-63. [PMID: 26483132 PMCID: PMC11108558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a dynamic process of structural and functional changes in response to biochemical and biomechanical signals in a complex in vivo milieu. While inherently adaptive, dysregulation leads to maladaptive remodeling. Reactive oxygen species participate in homeostatic cell signaling in tightly regulated- and compartmentalized cellular circuits. It is well established that perturbations in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis can lead to a state of oxidative-, and more recently, reductive stress. We provide an overview of the redox signaling in the vasculature and review the role of oxidative- and reductive stress in maladaptive vascular remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on essential processes that determine phenotype modulation, migration and fate of the main cell types in the vessel wall. Recent advances in systems biology and the translational opportunities they may provide to specifically target the redox pathways driving pathological vascular remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Sydney Medical School Foundation, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziad A Ali
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Mancozeb affects mitochondrial activity, redox status and ATP production in mouse granulosa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:438-45. [PMID: 26407525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mancozeb (MZ) is a fungicide that belongs to the subclass of metal (Mn/Zn) ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate pesticides. In mouse and human granulosa cells (GCs) exposed to MZ (0.01 μg/ml), morphological modifications and significant alterations of p53 expression level in comparison with control GCs were recorded. OBJECTIVES To investigate if MZ (0.01 μg/ml) induces oxidative stress and alters energy metabolism in exposed mouse GCs. RESULTS Following fungicide exposure, GCs showed low p53 content, a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as well as low ATP and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. No remarkable differences on other parameters such as ATP/ADP ratio, energy charge, as well as induction of apoptosis and DNA damage were found. The activation of AKT and PDK1 kinases in MZ-treated cells was observed. Inhibition of ROS generation by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) restored a normal expression level of p53. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the low dose of MZ here used induces a mild oxidative stress in GCs, and provides evidence for the possible involvement of AKT/PKB signaling pathway in triggering adaptive and survival response.
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Ren F, Wang K, Zhang T, Jiang J, Nice EC, Huang C. New insights into redox regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1518-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Jiang J, Wang K, Nice EC, Zhang T, Huang C. High-throughput screening of cellular redox sensors using modern redox proteomics approaches. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:543-55. [PMID: 26184698 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1069189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metabolic aberrations. ROS are widely accepted as second messengers triggering pivotal signaling pathways involved in the process of cell metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ROS initiate redox signaling through direct oxidative modification of the cysteines of key redox-sensitive proteins (termed redox sensors). Uncovering the functional changes underlying redox regulation of redox sensors is urgently required, and the role of different redox sensors in distinct disease states still remains to be identified. To assist this, redox proteomics has been developed for the high-throughput screening of redox sensors, which will benefit the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Highlighted here are recent advances in redox proteomics approaches and their applications in identifying redox sensors involved in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- a 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,b 2 Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China
| | - Kui Wang
- a 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- c 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- d 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,b 2 Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China
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32
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Ghosh D, Brewer GJ. External cys/cySS redox state modification controls the intracellular redox state and neurodegeneration via Akt in aging and Alzheimer's disease mouse model neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:313-24. [PMID: 24844688 DOI: 10.3233/jad-132756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular redox environment of cells is mainly set by the redox couple cysteine/cystine (cys/cySS) while intracellular redox is buffered by reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), but controlled by NAD(P)H/NAD(P). With aging, the extracellular redox environment shifts in the oxidized direction beyond middle-age. Since aging is the primary risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here our aim was to determine if a reduced extracellular cys/cySS redox potential of cultured primary mouse neurons changes the intracellular redox environment, affects pAkt levels, and protects against neuron loss. A reductive shift in cys/cySS in the extracellular medium of neuron cultures from young (4 month) and old (21 month) neurons from non-transgenic) and triple transgenic AD-like mice (3xTg-AD) caused an increase in intracellular NAD(P)H and GSH levels along with lower reactive oxygen species levels. Importantly, the imposed reductive shift decreased neuron death markedly in the 21 month neurons of both genotypes. Moreover, a reduced cys/cySS redox state increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in 21 month aging and AD-like neurons that positively correlated with a decreased neuron loss. Our findings demonstrate that manipulating the extracellular redox environment toward a more reduced redox potential is neuroprotective in both aging and AD-like neurons and may be a powerful and pragmatic therapeutic tool in aging and age-related diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA Department of Neurology, University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, MIND Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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33
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Yang W, Zou L, Huang C, Lei Y. Redox regulation of cancer metastasis: molecular signaling and therapeutic opportunities. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:331-41. [PMID: 25160073 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. Accumulated evidence has shown that high-metastasis potential cancer cells have more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared with low-metastasis potential cancer cells. ROS can function as second messengers to regulate multiple cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways via reversible oxidative posttranslational modifications of cysteine in key redox-sensitive proteins, which leads to the structural and functional change of these proteins. Because ROS can promote cancer metastasis, therapeutic strategies aiming at inducing/reducing cellular ROS level or targeting redox sensors involved in metastasis hold great potential in developing new efficient approaches for anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings on regulation of tumor metastasis by key redox sensors and describe the potential of targeting redox signaling pathways for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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34
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Brown DI, Griendling KK. Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2015; 116:531-49. [PMID: 25634975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been elucidated. Signaling pathways modulated by ROS are complex and compartmentalized, and we are only beginning to identify the molecular modifications of specific targets. Here, we review the current literature on ROS signaling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the role of ROS in normal physiology and how dysregulation of signaling circuits contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In particular, we consider how ROS modulate signaling pathways related to phenotypic modulation, migration and adhesion, contractility, proliferation and hypertrophy, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and senescence. Understanding the specific targets of ROS may guide the development of the next generation of ROS-modifying therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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35
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Metabolic control via the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 33:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Dey N, Bera A, Mariappan MM, Kasinath BS, Ghosh Choudhury G. High glucose forces a positive feedback loop connecting Akt kinase and FoxO1 transcription factor to activate mTORC1 kinase for mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32703-16. [PMID: 25288788 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose-induced Akt acts as a signaling hub for mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix expansion, which are recognized as cardinal signatures for the development of diabetic nephropathy. How mesangial cells sustain the activated state of Akt is not clearly understood. Here we show Akt-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor FoxO1 by high glucose. Phosphorylation-deficient, constitutively active FoxO1 inhibited the high glucose-induced phosphorylation of Akt to suppress the phosphorylation/inactivation of PRAS40 and mTORC1 activity. In contrast, dominant negative FoxO1 increased the phosphorylation of Akt, resulting in increased mTORC1 activity similar to high glucose treatment. Notably, FoxO1 regulates high glucose-induced protein synthesis, hypertrophy, and expression of fibronectin and PAI-1. High glucose paves the way for complications of diabetic nephropathy through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We considered whether the FoxO1 target antioxidant enzyme catalase contributes to sustained activation of Akt. High glucose-inactivated FoxO1 decreases the expression of catalase to increase the production of ROS. Moreover, we show that catalase blocks high glucose-stimulated Akt phosphorylation to attenuate the inactivation of FoxO1 and PRAS40, resulting in the inhibition of mTORC1 and mesangial cell hypertrophy and fibronectin and PAI-1 expression. Finally, using kidney cortices from type 1 diabetic OVE26 mice, we show that increased FoxO1 phosphorylation is associated with decreased catalase expression and increased fibronectin and PAI-1 expression. Together, our results provide the first evidence for the presence of a positive feedback loop for the sustained activation of Akt involving inactivated FoxO1 and a decrease in catalase expression, leading to increased ROS and mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229 From the Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research and
| | | | | | | | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- the Departments of Medicine and From the Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research and
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- the Departments of Medicine and From the Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research and Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229 and
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Tanti GK, Goswami SK. SG2NA recruits DJ-1 and Akt into the mitochondria and membrane to protect cells from oxidative damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:1-13. [PMID: 25035075 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SG2NA is a WD-40 repeat protein with multiple protein-protein interaction domains of unknown functions. We demonstrate that it associates with the antioxidant protein DJ-1 and the survival kinase Akt. The C-terminal WD-40 repeat domain of SG2NA is required for its interaction with Akt, while DJ-1 binds it further upstream. No interaction between DJ-1 and Akt occurs in the absence of SG2NA. SG2NA, DJ-1, and Akt colocalize in mitochondria and plasma membrane. Their association is enhanced by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species up to a threshold level but falters thereafter with further increase in oxidants. Mutants of DJ-1 found in patients with familial parkinsonism are not recruited by SG2NA, suggesting its role in neuroprotection. Cells depleted of SG2NA are susceptible, while those overexpressing it are resistant to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Our study thus unravels a novel pathway of recruitment of Akt and DJ-1 that provides protection against oxidative stress, especially in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Kumar Tanti
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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38
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Knockdown of malic enzyme 2 suppresses lung tumor growth, induces differentiation and impacts PI3K/AKT signaling. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5414. [PMID: 24957098 PMCID: PMC4067620 DOI: 10.1038/srep05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to yield CO2 and pyruvate, with concomitant reduction of dinucleotide cofactor NAD+ or NADP+. We find that ME2 is highly expressed in many solid tumors. In the A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, ME2 depletion inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death and differentiation, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADP+/NADPH ratio, a drop in ATP, and increased sensitivity to cisplatin. ME2 knockdown impacts phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, leading to AKT inhibition. Depletion of ME2 leads to malate accumulation and pyruvate decrease, and exogenous cell permeable dimethyl-malate (DMM) mimics the ME2 knockdown phenotype. Both ME2 knockdown and DMM treatment reduce A549 cell growth in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that ME2 is a potential target for cancer therapy.
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39
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Duarte A, Castillo AF, Podestá EJ, Poderoso C. Mitochondrial fusion and ERK activity regulate steroidogenic acute regulatory protein localization in mitochondria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100387. [PMID: 24945345 PMCID: PMC4063759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, known as the transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, is facilitated by StAR, the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein. We have described that mitochondrial ERK1/2 phosphorylates StAR and that mitochondrial fusion, through the up-regulation of a fusion protein Mitofusin 2, is essential during steroidogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial StAR together with mitochondrial active ERK and PKA are necessary for maximal steroid production. Phosphorylation of StAR by ERK is required for the maintenance of this protein in mitochondria, observed by means of over-expression of a StAR variant lacking the ERK phosphorylation residue. Mitochondrial fusion regulates StAR levels in mitochondria after hormone stimulation. In this study, Mitofusin 2 knockdown and mitochondrial fusion inhibition in MA-10 Leydig cells diminished StAR mRNA levels and concomitantly mitochondrial StAR protein. Together our results unveil the requirement of mitochondrial fusion in the regulation of the localization and mRNA abundance of StAR. We here establish the relevance of mitochondrial phosphorylation events in the correct localization of this key protein to exert its action in specialized cells. These discoveries highlight the importance of mitochondrial fusion and ERK phosphorylation in cholesterol transport by means of directing StAR to the outer mitochondrial membrane to achieve a large number of steroid molecules per unit of StAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Duarte
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fernanda Castillo
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J. Podestá
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) forms two conserved, structurally distinct kinase complexes termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. Each complex phosphorylates a different set of substrates to regulate cell growth. In mammals, mTOR is stimulated by nutrients and growth factors and inhibited by stress to ensure that cells grow only during favorable conditions. Studies in different organisms have reported localization of TOR to several distinct subcellular compartments. Notably, the finding that mTORC1 is localized to the lysosome has significantly enhanced our understanding of mTORC1 regulation. Subcellular localization may be a general principle used by TOR to enact precise spatial and temporal control of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Yin F, Boveris A, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial energy metabolism and redox signaling in brain aging and neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:353-71. [PMID: 22793257 PMCID: PMC3887431 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity is essential for the maintenance of neuronal function, and the impairment of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is a hallmark of brain aging, which is particularly accentuated in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The communications between mitochondria and the rest of the cell by energy- and redox-sensitive signaling establish a master regulatory device that controls cellular energy levels and the redox environment. Impairment of this regulatory devise is critical for aging and the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES This review focuses on a coordinated metabolic network-cytosolic signaling, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial function-that controls the cellular energy levels and redox status as well as factors which impair this metabolic network during brain aging and neurodegeneration. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterization of mitochondrial function and mitochondria-cytosol communications will provide pivotal opportunities for identifying targets and developing new strategies aimed at restoring the mitochondrial energy-redox axis that is compromised in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Fredericks WJ, McGarvey T, Wang H, Zheng Y, Fredericks NJ, Yin H, Wang LP, Hsiao W, Lee R, Weiss JS, Nickerson ML, Kruth HS, Rauscher FJ, Malkowicz SB. The TERE1 protein interacts with mitochondrial TBL2: regulation of trans-membrane potential, ROS/RNS and SXR target genes. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2170-87. [PMID: 23564352 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We originally discovered TERE1 as a potential tumor suppressor protein based upon reduced expression in bladder and prostate cancer specimens and growth inhibition of tumor cell lines/xenografts upon ectopic expression. Analysis of TERE1 (aka UBIAD1) has shown it is a prenyltransferase enzyme in the natural bio-synthetic pathways for both vitamin K-2 and COQ10 production and exhibits multiple subcellular localizations including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi. Vitamin K-2 is involved in mitochondrial electron transport, SXR nuclear hormone receptor signaling and redox cycling: together these functions may form the basis for tumor suppressor function. To gain further insight into mechanisms of growth suppression and enzymatic regulation of TERE1 we isolated TERE1 associated proteins and identified the WD40 repeat, mitochondrial protein TBL2. We examined whether disease specific mutations in TERE1 affected interactions with TBL2 and the role of each protein in altering mitochondrial function, ROS/RNS production and SXR target gene regulation. Biochemical binding assays demonstrated a direct, high affinity interaction between TERE1 and TBL2 proteins; TERE1 was localized to both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial membranes whereas TBL2 was predominantly mitochondrial; multiple independent single amino acid substitutions in TERE1 which cause a human hereditary corneal disease reduced binding to TBL2 strongly suggesting the relevance of this interaction. Ectopic TERE1 expression elevated mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, oxidative stress, NO production, and activated SXR targets. A TERE1-TBL2 complex likely functions in oxidative/nitrosative stress, lipid metabolism, and SXR signaling pathways in its role as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Fredericks
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Policastro LL, Ibañez IL, Notcovich C, Duran HA, Podhajcer OL. The tumor microenvironment: characterization, redox considerations, and novel approaches for reactive oxygen species-targeted gene therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:854-95. [PMID: 22794113 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that involves the interaction between malignant and neighbor stromal cells embedded in a mesh of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial, and inflammatory cells) are co-opted at different stages to help malignant cells invade the surrounding ECM and disseminate. Malignant cells have developed adaptive mechanisms to survive under the extreme conditions of the tumor microenvironment such as restricted oxygen supply (hypoxia), nutrient deprivation, and a prooxidant state among others. These conditions could be eventually used to target drugs that will be activated specifically in this microenvironment. Preclinical studies have shown that modulating cellular/tissue redox state by different gene therapy (GT) approaches was able to control tumor growth. In this review, we describe the most relevant features of the tumor microenvironment, addressing reactive oxygen species-generating sources that promote a prooxidative microenvironment inside the tumor mass. We describe different GT approaches that promote either a decreased or exacerbated prooxidative microenvironment, and those that make use of the differential levels of ROS between cancer and normal cells to achieve tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Laura Policastro
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
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Betz C, Stracka D, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Frieden M, Demaurex N, Hall MN. Feature Article: mTOR complex 2-Akt signaling at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) regulates mitochondrial physiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12526-34. [PMID: 23852728 PMCID: PMC3732980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302455110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved protein kinase and a central controller of growth. Mammalian TOR complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates AGC kinase family members and is implicated in various disorders, including cancer and diabetes. Here we report that mTORC2 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subcompartment termed mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). mTORC2 localization to MAM was growth factor-stimulated, and mTORC2 at MAM interacted with the IP3 receptor (IP3R)-Grp75-voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 ER-mitochondrial tethering complex. mTORC2 deficiency disrupted MAM, causing mitochondrial defects including increases in mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and calcium uptake. mTORC2 controlled MAM integrity and mitochondrial function via Akt mediated phosphorylation of the MAM associated proteins IP3R, Hexokinase 2, and phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2. Thus, mTORC2 is at the core of a MAM signaling hub that controls growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Daniele Stracka
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael N. Hall
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; and
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Li C, Li Y, He L, Agarwal AR, Zeng N, Cadenas E, Stiles BL. PI3K/AKT signaling regulates bioenergetics in immortalized hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:29-40. [PMID: 23376468 PMCID: PMC3654039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular bioenergetics by PI3K/AKT signaling was examined in isogenic hepatocyte cell lines lacking the major inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10). PI3K/AKT signaling was manipulated using the activator (IGF-1) and the inhibitor (LY 294002) of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling resulted in an enhanced anaerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. AKT, when phosphorylated and activated, translocated to mitochondria and localized within the membrane structure of mitochondria, where it phosphorylated a number of mitochondrial-resident proteins including the subunits α and β of ATP synthase. Inhibition of GSK3β by either phosphorylation by AKT or lithium chloride resulted in activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, i.e., a decrease in its phosphorylated form. AKT-dependent phosphorylation of ATP synthase subunits α and β resulted in an increased complex activity. AKT translocation to mitochondria was associated with an increased expression and activity of complex I. These data suggest that the mitochondrial signaling pathway AKT/GSK3β/PDH, AKT-dependent phosphorylation of ATP synthase, and upregulation of mitochondrial complex I expression and activity are involved in the control of mitochondrial bioenergetics by increasing substrate availability and regulating the mitochondrial catalytic/energy-transducing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Amit R. Agarwal
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Corresponding author at: University of Southern California, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States. Fax: +1 323 224 7473.
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Metabolic triad in brain aging: mitochondria, insulin/IGF-1 signalling and JNK signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2013; 41:101-5. [PMID: 23356266 PMCID: PMC9934302 DOI: 10.1042/bst20120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate second messengers, such as H2O2, that are involved in the redox regulation of cell signalling and their function is regulated by several cytosolic signalling pathways. IIS [insulin/IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) signalling] in the brain proceeds mainly through the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, which is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival via the maintenance of the bioenergetic and metabolic capacities of mitochondria. Conversely, the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) pathway is induced by increased oxidative stress and JNK translocation to the mitochondrion results in impairment of energy metabolism. Moreover, IIS and JNK signalling interact with and antagonize each other. This review focuses on functional outcomes of a metabolic triad that entails the co-ordination of mitochondrial function (energy transducing and redox regulation), IIS and JNK signalling, in the aging brain and in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Zhang J, Zhang LL, Shen L, Xu XM, Yu HG. Regulation of AKT gene expression by cisplatin. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:756-760. [PMID: 23426872 PMCID: PMC3576191 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of cancer is an effective therapeutic measure. However, chemoresistance affects the effectiveness of the treatment. AKT overexpression has been observed in chemoresistance. AKT expression in colon cells induced cisplatin resistance. The present study demonstrated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the induction of AKT regulation by cisplatin through the activation of JAK2/STAT3 at the transcriptional level in colon cancer cells. HCT-116 cells treated with cisplatin exhibited increased JAK2 and STAT3 activities. Reducing the expression of JAK2 in colon cancer cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased AKT expression. The present study demonstrated that AKT activation is closely associated with chemoresistance in human tumors. The inhibition of ROS decreased the levels of AKT in colon cancer cell lines. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway was also shown to mediate AKT expression and represents a potential target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060
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Chiu J, Dawes IW. Redox control of cell proliferation. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:592-601. [PMID: 22951073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and stress surveillance systems to ensure cell division takes place with fidelity. In response to oxidative stress, cells arrest in the cell-cycle and aberrant redox control of proliferation underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox sensing of cell-cycle regulation has recently been shown to involve reactive cysteine thiols that function as redox sensors in cell-cycle regulators. By modulating cell-cycle regulators these redox-active thiols ensure cell division is executed at the right redox environment. This review summarizes recent findings on regulation of cell division by the oxidation of cysteines in cell division regulators and the potential of targeting these critical cysteine residues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Leopoldino AM, Squarize CH, Garcia CB, Almeida LO, Pestana CR, Sobral LM, Uyemura SA, Tajara EH, Silvio Gutkind J, Curti C. SET protein accumulates in HNSCC and contributes to cell survival: antioxidant defense, Akt phosphorylation and AVOs acidification. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:1106-13. [PMID: 22739068 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determination of the SET protein levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue samples and the SET role in cell survival and response to oxidative stress in HNSCC cell lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS SET protein was analyzed in 372 HNSCC tissue samples by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray and HNSCC cell lineages. Oxidative stress was induced with the pro-oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (50 and 250μM) in the HNSCC HN13 cell lineage either with (siSET) or without (siNC) SET knockdown. Cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and annexin V/propidium iodide assays. It was assessed caspase-3 and -9, PARP-1, DNA fragmentation, NM23-H1, SET, Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) status. Acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) were assessed by the acridine orange assay. Glutathione levels and transcripts of antioxidant genes were assayed by fluorometry and real time PCR, respectively. RESULTS SET levels were up-regulated in 97% tumor tissue samples and in HNSCC cell lineages. SiSET in HN13 cells (i) promoted cell death but did not induced caspases, PARP-1 cleavage or DNA fragmentation, and (ii) decreased resistance to death induced by oxidative stress, indicating SET involvement through caspase-independent mechanism. The red fluorescence induced by siSET in HN13 cells in the acridine orange assay suggests SET-dependent prevention of AVOs acidification. NM23-H1 protein was restricted to the cytoplasm of siSET/siNC HN13 cells under oxidative stress, in association with decrease of cleaved SET levels. In the presence of oxidative stress, siNC HN13 cells showed lower GSH antioxidant defense (GSH/GSSG ratio) but higher expression of the antioxidant genes PRDX6, SOD2 and TXN compared to siSET HN13 cells. Still under oxidative stress, p-Akt levels were increased in siNC HN13 cells but not in siSET HN13, indicating its involvement in HN13 cell survival. Similar results for the main SET effects were observed in HN12 and CAL 27 cell lineages, except that HN13 cells were more resistant to death. CONCLUSION SET is potential (i) marker for HNSCC associated with cancer cell resistance and (ii) new target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia M Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-930 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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50
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Antico Arciuch VG, Elguero ME, Poderoso JJ, Carreras MC. Mitochondrial regulation of cell cycle and proliferation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1150-80. [PMID: 21967640 PMCID: PMC3315176 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic mitochondria resulted from symbiotic incorporation of α-proteobacteria into ancient archaea species. During evolution, mitochondria lost most of the prokaryotic bacterial genes and only conserved a small fraction including those encoding 13 proteins of the respiratory chain. In this process, many functions were transferred to the host cells, but mitochondria gained a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and in the modulation of metabolism; accordingly, defective organelles contribute to cell transformation and cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Most cell and transcriptional effects of mitochondria depend on the modulation of respiratory rate and on the production of hydrogen peroxide released into the cytosol. The mitochondrial oxidative rate has to remain depressed for cell proliferation; even in the presence of O₂, energy is preferentially obtained from increased glycolysis (Warburg effect). In response to stress signals, traffic of pro- and antiapoptotic mitochondrial proteins in the intermembrane space (B-cell lymphoma-extra large, Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2 associated X-protein and cytochrome c) is modulated by the redox condition determined by mitochondrial O₂ utilization and mitochondrial nitric oxide metabolism. In this article, we highlight the traffic of the different canonical signaling pathways to mitochondria and the contributions of organelles to redox regulation of kinases. Finally, we analyze the dynamics of the mitochondrial population in cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Eugenia Elguero
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, University of Buenos Aires, University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Poderoso
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, University of Buenos Aires, University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Carreras
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, University of Buenos Aires, University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC and School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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