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Wen ZH, Chang L, Yang SN, Yu CL, Tung FY, Kuo HM, Lu IC, Wu CY, Shih PC, Chen WF, Chen NF. The anti-angiogenic and anti-vasculogenic mimicry effects of GN25 in endothelial and glioma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119799. [PMID: 39043304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Scientists have been exploring anti-angiogenic strategies to inhibit angiogenesis and prevent tumor growth. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poses a challenge, complicating anti-angiogenesis therapy. A novel drug, GN25 (3-[{1,4-dihydro-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenyl}thio]-propanoic acid), can inhibit tumor formation. This study aims to investigate the microenvironmental effects and molecular mechanisms of GN25 in anti-angiogenesis and anti-VM. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of different concentrations of GN25 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Uppsala 87 malignant glioma (U87MG) cells. Functional assays were used to investigate the effects of GN25 on angiogenesis-related processes, whereas gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blotting were utilized to assess the influence on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and related signaling pathways. KEY RESULTS GN25 suppressed migration, wound healing, and tube formation in HUVECs and disrupted angiogenesis in a rat aorta ring and zebrafish embryo model. GN25 dose-dependently reduced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and inhibited MMP-2/VEGF secretion in HUVECs. In U87MG cells, GN25 inhibited migration, wound healing, and VM, accompanied by a decrease in MMP-2 and VEGF secretion. The results indicate that GN25 effectively inhibits angiogenesis and VM formation in HUVECs and U87MG cells without affecting preexisting vascular structures. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study elaborated GN25's potential as an anti-angiogenic agent by elucidating its inhibitory effects on classical angiogenesis. VM provides valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies against tumor progression and angiogenesis-related diseases. These results indicate the potential of GN25 as a promising candidate for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ling Yu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tung
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833301, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Shih
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833301, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
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Moztarzadeh S, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M, Radeva MY, Waschke J, Garcia-Ponce A. Erk1/2 is not required for endothelial barrier establishment despite its requirement for cAMP-dependent Rac1 activation in heart endothelium. Tissue Barriers 2024:2398875. [PMID: 39230159 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2398875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Erk1/2 to endothelial barrier regulation is convoluted and differs depending on the vascular bed. We explored the effects of Erk1/2 inhibition on endothelial barrier maintenance and its relationship with cAMP-dependent barrier strengthening. Thus, myocardial endothelial cells (MyEnd) were isolated and protein expression, localization and activity of structural and signaling molecules involved in maintenance of endothelial function were investigated by Western blot, immunostainings and G-LISA, respectively. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) from confluent MyEnd monolayers was measured and used as a direct indicator of barrier integrity in vitro. Miles assay was performed to evaluate vascular permeability in vivo. Erk1/2 inhibition with U0126 affected neither the structural organization of adherens or tight junctions nor the protein level of their components, However, TEER drop significantly upon U0126 application, but the effect was transitory as the barrier function recovered 30 min after treatment. Erk1/2 inhibition delayed cAMP-mediated barrier strengthening but did not prevent barrier fortification despite diminishing Rac1 activation. Moreover, Erk1/2 inhibition, induced vascular leakage that could be prevented by local cAMP elevation in vivo. Our data demonstrate that Erk1/2 is required to prevent vascular permeability but is not critical for cAMP-mediated barrier enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Garcia-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chen S, Fan H, Pei Y, Zhang K, Zhang F, Hu Q, Jin E, Li S. MAPK Signaling Pathway Plays Different Regulatory Roles in the Effects of Boric Acid on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Immune Function of Splenic Lymphocytes in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2688-2701. [PMID: 37737440 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Boron is one of the essential trace elements in animals. Although boron supplementation can enhance immune function and promote cell proliferation, high-dose boron supplementation can negatively affect immune function and inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, its action pathway is unknown. In this study, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38MAPK signaling pathways were blocked using specific blockers to investigate the impact of low-dose and high-dose boron on proliferation, apoptosis, and immune function of lymphocytes, and the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats. The addition of 0.4 mmol/L boron did not affect the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (P>0.05), IgG and IFN-γ contents (P>0.05), the proliferation rate of lymphocytes (P>0.05), and mRNA and protein expressions of PCNA (P>0.05) in the spleen after ERK1/2 signal pathway was selectively inhibited. Moreover, the addition of 40 mmol/L boron did not affect the proportion of CD4+ T cells, contents of IgG and cytokines (IL-2 and IL-4), proliferation and apoptosis rates of lymphocytes, and expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes in the spleen. Meanwhile, the addition of 0.4 mmol/l boron increased the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01), IFN-γ or IgG contents (P<0.05), and the proliferation rate of lymphocytes (P<0.05) in spleen after selective inhibition of JNK or p38MAPK signaling pathways, while the protein expression of Caspase-3 decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, 40 mmol/L boron decreased the proportion of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine contents, proliferation rate of lymphocytes, and mRNA and protein expressions of PCNA. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-3 and protein expression of Bax were increased. These results indicate that ERK1/2 signaling pathway mainly regulates the effects of low-dose and high-dose boron on proliferation, apoptosis, and immune function of splenic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Fan
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Pei
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhui Jin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, No.9 Donghua Road, Fengyang County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, 233100, People's Republic of China
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Stewen J, Kruse K, Godoi-Filip AT, Zenia, Jeong HW, Adams S, Berkenfeld F, Stehling M, Red-Horse K, Adams RH, Pitulescu ME. Eph-ephrin signaling couples endothelial cell sorting and arterial specification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2539. [PMID: 38570531 PMCID: PMC10991410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell segregation allows the compartmentalization of cells with similar fates during morphogenesis, which can be enhanced by cell fate plasticity in response to local molecular and biomechanical cues. Endothelial tip cells in the growing retina, which lead vessel sprouts, give rise to arterial endothelial cells and thereby mediate arterial growth. Here, we have combined cell type-specific and inducible mouse genetics, flow experiments in vitro, single-cell RNA sequencing and biochemistry to show that the balance between ephrin-B2 and its receptor EphB4 is critical for arterial specification, cell sorting and arteriovenous patterning. At the molecular level, elevated ephrin-B2 function after loss of EphB4 enhances signaling responses by the Notch pathway, VEGF and the transcription factor Dach1, which is influenced by endothelial shear stress. Our findings reveal how Eph-ephrin interactions integrate cell segregation and arteriovenous specification in the vasculature, which has potential relevance for human vascular malformations caused by EPHB4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Stewen
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai Kruse
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Bioinformatics Service Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anca T Godoi-Filip
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zenia
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Berkenfeld
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Martínez-López S, Ángel-Gomis E, Gómez-Hurtado I, Fernández-Iglesias A, Morante J, Gracia-Sancho J, Boix P, Cubero FJ, Zapater P, Caparrós E, Francés R. Cirrhosis-downregulated LSECtin can be retrieved by cytokines, shifts the TLR-induced LSECs secretome and correlates with the hepatic Th response. Liver Int 2024; 44:996-1010. [PMID: 38293766 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We evaluated tolerogenic C-type lectin LSECtin loss in cirrhosis and its potential regulation by cytokines. METHODS Liver tissue from patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls, immortalised and generated LSECtin-CRISPR immortalised LSECs, and murine primary LSECs from the CCl4 model were handled. RESULTS LSECtin expression was reduced in liver tissue from cirrhotic patients, and it decreased from compensated to decompensated disease. Increased phosphorylation of MAPK, Akt and NFkB was observed upon LSECtin stimulation in LSEC murine cell line, showing a pattern of inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines either restrained (IL-10, CCL4) or unrestrained (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2). CD44 attenuated whereas LAG-3 increased all substrates phosphorylation in combination with TLR4 and TLR2 ligands except for NFkB. TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6 and CCL2 were restrained by LSECtin crosslinking on TLRs studied. Conversely, IL-10 and CCL4 were upregulated, suggesting a LSECtin-TLRs synergistic effect. Also, LSECtin was significantly induced after IL-13 stimulation or combined with anti-inflammatory cytokines in cirrhotic and immortalised LSECs. Th17 and regulatory T cells were progressively increased in the hepatic tissue from compensated to decompensated patients. A significant inverse correlation was present between gene expression levels of CLEC4G/LSECtin and RORγT and FOXP3 in liver tissues. CONCLUSION LSECtin restrains TLR proinflammatory secretome induced on LSECs by interfering immune response control, survival and MAPKs signalling pathways. The cytokine-dependent induction of LSECtin and the association between LSECtin loss and Th17 cell subset expansion in the liver, provides a solid background for exploring LSECtin retrieval as a mechanism to reprogram LSEC homeostatic function hampered during cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez-López
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Ángel-Gomis
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Gómez-Hurtado
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Boix
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Zapater
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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Johnson D, Colijn S, Richee J, Yano J, Burns M, Davis AE, Pham VN, Saric A, Jain A, Yin Y, Castranova D, Melani M, Fujita M, Grainger S, Bonifacino JS, Weinstein BM, Stratman AN. Regulation of angiogenesis by endocytic trafficking mediated by cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587559. [PMID: 38903077 PMCID: PMC11188074 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1, DYNC1LI1) is a core subunit of the dynein motor complex. The LIC1 subunit also interacts with various cargo adaptors to regulate Rab-mediated endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation. Defects in this gene are predicted to alter dynein motor function, Rab binding capabilities, and cytoplasmic cargo trafficking. Here, we have identified a dync1li1 zebrafish mutant, harboring a premature stop codon at the exon 12/13 splice acceptor site, that displays increased angiogenesis. In vitro, LIC1-deficient human endothelial cells display increases in cell surface levels of the pro-angiogenic receptor VEGFR2, SRC phosphorylation, and Rab11-mediated endosomal recycling. In vivo, endothelial-specific expression of constitutively active Rab11a leads to excessive angiogenesis, similar to the dync1li1 mutants. Increased angiogenesis is also evident in zebrafish harboring mutations in rilpl1/2, the adaptor proteins that promote Rab docking to Lic1 to mediate lysosomal targeting. These findings suggest that LIC1 and the Rab-adaptor proteins RILPL1 and 2 restrict angiogenesis by promoting degradation of VEGFR2-containing recycling endosomes. Disruption of LIC1- and RILPL1/2-mediated lysosomal targeting increases Rab11-mediated recycling endosome activity, promoting excessive SRC signaling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymonn Johnson
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah Colijn
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jahmiera Richee
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joseph Yano
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Margaret Burns
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Andrew E. Davis
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Van N. Pham
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amra Saric
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Akansha Jain
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Ying Yin
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mariana Melani
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento De Fisiología, Biología Molecular Y Celular, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Misato Fujita
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Arderiu G, Civit-Urgell A, Díez-Caballero A, Moscatiello F, Ballesta C, Badimon L. Differentiation of Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Endothelial Cells Depends on Fat Depot Conditions: Regulation by miRNA. Cells 2024; 13:513. [PMID: 38534357 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of obesity is associated with substantial modulation of adipose tissue (AT) structure. The plasticity of the AT is reflected by its remarkable ability to expand or reduce in size throughout the adult lifespan, which is linked to the development of its vasculature. This increase in AT vasculature could be mediated by the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) and form new microvasculature. We have already shown that microRNA (miRNA)-145 regulates the differentiation of ASCs into EC-like (ECL) cells. Here, we investigated whether ASCs-differentiation into ECs is governed by a miRNAs signature that depends on fat depot location and /or the metabolic condition produced by obesity. Human ASCs, which were obtained from white AT by surgical procedures from lean and obese patients, were induced to differentiate into ECL cells. We have identified that miRNA-29b-3p in both subcutaneous (s)ASCs and visceral ASCs and miRNA-424-5p and miRNA-378a-3p in subcutaneous (s)ASCs are involved in differentiation into EC-like cells. These miRNAs modulate their pro-angiogenic effects on ASCs by targeting FGFR1, NRP2, MAPK1, and TGF-β2, and the MAPK signaling pathway. We show for the first time that miRNA-29b-3p upregulation contributes to ASCs' differentiation into ECL cells by directly targeting TGFB2 in both sASCs and visceral ASCs. Moreover, our results reveal that, independent of sASCs' origin (obese/lean), the upregulation of miRNA-378a-3p and the downregulation of miRNA-424-5p inhibit MAPK1 and overexpress FGFR1 and NRP2, respectively. In summary, both the adipose depot location and obesity affect the differentiation of resident ASCs through the expression of specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Civit-Urgell
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Ballesta
- Centro Médico Teknon, Grupo Quiron Salut, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ferraguti G, Terracina S, Tarani L, Fanfarillo F, Allushi S, Caronti B, Tirassa P, Polimeni A, Lucarelli M, Cavalcanti L, Greco A, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor and the Role of Inflammation in Tumor Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:965-989. [PMID: 38392180 PMCID: PMC10888178 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a dual role both in inflammatory states and cancer, acting both as a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic factor and as an anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mediator in a context-dependent way based on the signaling networks and its interaction with diverse cellular components within the microenvironment. This report aims to provide a summary and subsequent review of the literature on the role of NGF in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and tumor cell growth, survival, and death. The role of NGF in inflammation and tumorigenesis as a component of the inflammatory system, its interaction with the various components of the respective microenvironments, its ability to cause epigenetic changes, and its role in the treatment of cancer have been highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanfarillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Allushi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Caronti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Senrung A, Tripathi T, Aggarwal N, Janjua D, Yadav J, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Joshi U, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals Showing Antiangiogenic Effect in Pre-clinical Models and their Potential as an Alternative to Existing Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:259-300. [PMID: 37867279 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264349231016094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network, is an important hallmark of several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis, proliferative retinopathies, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and endometriosis. Putting a halt to pathology-driven angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic strategy to slow down or reduce the severity of pathological disorders. Considering the attrition rate of synthetic antiangiogenic compounds from the lab to reaching the market due to severe side effects, several compounds of natural origin are being explored for their antiangiogenic properties. Employing pre-clinical models for the evaluation of novel antiangiogenic compounds is a promising strategy for rapid screening of antiangiogenic compounds. These studies use a spectrum of angiogenic model systems that include HUVEC two-dimensional culture, nude mice, chick chorioallantoic membrane, transgenic zebrafish, and dorsal aorta from rats and chicks, depending upon available resources. The present article emphasizes the antiangiogenic activity of the phytochemicals shown to exhibit antiangiogenic behavior in these well-defined existing angiogenic models and highlights key molecular targets. Different models help to get a quick understanding of the efficacy and therapeutics mechanism of emerging lead molecules. The inherent variability in assays and corresponding different phytochemicals tested in each study prevent their immediate utilization in clinical studies. This review will discuss phytochemicals discovered using suitable preclinical antiangiogenic models, along with a special mention of leads that have entered clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senrung
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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10
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Milosevic I, Todorovic N, Filipovic A, Simic J, Markovic M, Stevanovic O, Malinic J, Katanic N, Mitrovic N, Nikolic N. HCV and HCC Tango-Deciphering the Intricate Dance of Disease: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16048. [PMID: 38003240 PMCID: PMC10671156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for around one-third of all HCC cases. Prolonged inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), maintained through a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, is one of the aspects of carcinogenesis, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Immune response dysfunction including the innate and adaptive immunity also plays a role in the development, as well as in the recurrence of HCC after treatment. Some of the tumor suppressor genes inhibited by the HCV proteins are p53, p73, and retinoblastoma 1. Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the oncogene catenin beta 1 are two more important carcinogenic signaling pathways in HCC associated with HCV. Furthermore, in HCV-related HCC, numerous tumor suppressor and seven oncogenic genes are dysregulated by epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is considered as a lasting "epigenetic memory", suggesting that HCV-induced changes persist and are associated with liver carcinogenesis even after cure. Epigenetic changes and immune response dysfunction are recognized targets for potential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nevena Todorovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Ana Filipovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jelena Simic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Marko Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Olja Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jovan Malinic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Katanic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Situated in Kosovska Mitrovica, 28000 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Nikola Mitrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
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11
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Chan BD, Wong WY, Lee MML, Yue PYK, Dai X, Tsim KWK, Hsiao WLW, Li M, Li XY, Tai WCS. Isolation and characterization of ZK002, a novel dual function snake venom protein from Deinagkistrodon acutus with anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227962. [PMID: 37841933 PMCID: PMC10570812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological angiogenesis, the abnormal or excessive generation of blood vessels, plays an important role in many diseases including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and arthritis. Additionally, increasing evidence supports the close linkage between angiogenesis and inflammation. Snake venoms are a rich natural source of biologically active molecules and carry rich potential for the discovery of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory modulators. Methods: Here, we isolated and purified a novel protein, ZK002, from the venom of the snake Deinagkistrodon acutus, and investigated its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms. Results: ZK002 was identified as a 30 kDa heterodimeric protein of α and β chains, which exhibited anti-angiogenic activity in various in vitro assays. Mechanistically, ZK002 inhibited activation of VEGF signaling and related mediators including eNOS, p38, LIMK, and HSP27. ZK002 also upregulated the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP3 and inhibited components of the VEGF-induced signaling cascade, PPP3R2 and SH2D2A. The anti-angiogenic activity of ZK002 was confirmed in multiple in vivo models. ZK002 could also inhibit the in vitro expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as in vivo inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema rat model. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential for further development of ZK002 as a dual function therapeutic against diseases with involvement of pathogenic angiogenesis and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dow Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical (HK) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Li
- Zhaoke (Hong Kong) Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Li
- Zhaoke (Hong Kong) Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Song N, Tang Y, Wang Y, Guan X, Yu W, Jiang T, Lu L, Gu Y. A SIRT6 Inhibitor, Marine-Derived Pyrrole-Pyridinimidazole Derivative 8a, Suppresses Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:517. [PMID: 37888452 PMCID: PMC10608785 DOI: 10.3390/md21100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis refers to the process of growing new blood vessels from pre-existing capillaries or post-capillary veins. This process plays a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis. As a result, developing antiangiogenic agents has become an attractive strategy for tumor treatment. Sirtuin6 (SIRT6), a member of nicotinamide adenine (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, regulates various biological processes, including metabolism, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and DNA damage and repair. Some SIRT6 inhibitors have been identified, but the effects of SIRT6 inhibitors on anti-angiogenesis have not been reported. We have identified a pyrrole-pyridinimidazole derivative 8a as a highly effective inhibitor of SIRT6 and clarified its anti-pancreatic-cancer roles. This study investigated the antiangiogenic roles of 8a. We found that 8a was able to inhibit the migration and tube formation of HUVECs and downregulate the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins, including VEGF, HIF-1α, p-VEGFR2, and N-cadherin, and suppress the activation of AKT and ERK pathways. Additionally, 8a significantly blocked angiogenesis in intersegmental vessels in zebrafish embryos. Notably, in a pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model, 8a down-regulated the expression of CD31, a marker protein of angiogenesis. These findings suggest that 8a could be a promising antiangiogenic and cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
| | - Yanfei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
| | - Yangui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
| | - Xian Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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13
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Clapp A, Shawber CJ, Wu JK. Pathophysiology of Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations: Current Understanding and Unanswered Questions. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR ANOMALIES 2023; 4:e069. [PMID: 37662560 PMCID: PMC10473035 DOI: 10.1097/jova.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Slow-flow vascular malformations include venous, lymphatic, and lymphaticovenous malformations. Recent studies have linked genetic variants hyperactivating either the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and/or RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathways with slow-flow vascular malformation development, leading to the use of pharmacotherapies such as sirolimus and alpelisib. It is important that clinicians understand basic and translational research advances in slow-flow vascular malformations. Methods A literature review of basic science publications in slow-flow vascular malformations was performed on Pubmed, using search terms "venous malformation," "lymphatic malformation," "lymphaticovenous malformation," "genetic variant," "genetic mutation," "endothelial cells," and "animal model." Relevant publications were reviewed and summarized. Results The study of patient tissues and the use of primary pathogenic endothelial cells from vascular malformations shed light on their pathological behaviors, such as endothelial cell hyperproliferation and disruptions in vessel architecture. The use of xenograft and transgenic animal models confirmed the pathogenicity of genetic variants and allowed for preclinical testing of potential therapies. These discoveries underscore the importance of basic and translational research in understanding the pathophysiology of vascular malformations, which will allow for the development of improved biologically targeted treatments. Conclusion Despite basic and translation advances, a cure for slow-flow vascular malformations remains elusive. Many questions remain unanswered, including how genotype variants result in phenotypes, and genotype-phenotype heterogeneity. Continued research into venous and lymphatic malformation pathobiology is critical in understanding the mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to vascular malformation phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Averill Clapp
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - June K. Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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14
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Ruknudin P, Nazari AR, Wirth M, Lahaie I, Bajon E, Rivard A, Chemtob S, Desjarlais M. Novel Function of Nogo-A as Negative Regulator of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenic Activity: Impact in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13185. [PMID: 37685993 PMCID: PMC10488245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) can actively participate in revascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Yet the mechanisms responsible for their dysfunction is unclear. Nogo-A, whose function is traditionally related to the inhibition of neurite function in the central nervous system, has recently been documented to display anti-angiogenic pro-repellent properties. Based on the significant impact of EPCs in retinal vascularization, we surmised that Nogo-A affects EPC function, and proceeded to investigate the role of Nogo-A on EPC function in OIR. The expression of Nogo-A and its specific receptor NgR1 was significantly increased in isolated EPCs exposed to hyperoxia, as well as in EPCs isolated from rats subjected to OIR compared with respective controls (EPCs exposed to normoxia). EPCs exposed to hyperoxia displayed reduced migratory and tubulogenic activity, associated with the suppressed expression of prominent EPC-recruitment factors SDF-1/CXCR4. The inhibition of Nogo-A (using a Nogo-66 neutralizing antagonist peptide) or siRNA-NGR1 in hyperoxia-exposed EPCs restored SDF-1/CXCR4 expression and, in turn, rescued the curtailed neovascular functions of EPCs in hyperoxia. The in vivo intraperitoneal injection of engineered EPCs (Nogo-A-inhibited or NgR1-suppressed) in OIR rats at P5 (prior to exposure to hyperoxia) prevented retinal and choroidal vaso-obliteration upon localization adjacent to vasculature; coherently, the inhibition of Nogo-A/NgR1 in EPCs enhanced the expression of key angiogenic factors VEGF, SDF-1, PDGF, and EPO in retina; CXCR4 knock-down abrogated suppressed NgR1 pro-angiogenic effects. The findings revealed that hyperoxia-induced EPC malfunction is mediated to a significant extent by Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling via CXCR4 suppression; the inhibition of Nogo-A in EPCs restores specific angiogenic growth factors in retina and the ensuing vascularization of the retina in an OIR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakiza Ruknudin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Ali Riza Nazari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Maelle Wirth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Bajon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Alain Rivard
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM) Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
| | - Michel Desjarlais
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H1T 2H2, Canada
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15
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Pham DL, Niemi A, Blank R, Lomenzo G, Tham J, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Peptide Lv Promotes Trafficking and Membrane Insertion of K Ca3.1 through the MEK1-ERK and PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:1651. [PMID: 37371121 PMCID: PMC10296961 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide Lv is a small endogenous secretory peptide that is proangiogenic through hyperpolarizing vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by enhancing the current densities of KCa3.1 channels. However, it is unclear how peptide Lv enhances these currents. One way to enhance the current densities of ion channels is to promote its trafficking and insertion into the plasma membrane. We hypothesized that peptide Lv-elicited KCa3.1 augmentation occurs through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, which are known to mediate ion channel trafficking and membrane insertion in neurons. To test this hypothesis, we employed patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings and cell-surface biotinylation assays on ECs treated with peptide Lv and pharmaceutical inhibitors of ERK and Akt. Blocking ERK or Akt activation diminished peptide Lv-elicited EC hyperpolarization and increase in KCa3.1 current densities. Blocking PI3K or Akt activation decreased the level of plasma membrane-bound, but not the total amount of KCa3.1 protein in ECs. Therefore, the peptide Lv-elicited EC hyperpolarization and KCa3.1 augmentation occurred in part through channel trafficking and insertion mediated by MEK1-ERK and PI3K-Akt activation. These results demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of how peptide Lv promotes EC-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L. Pham
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Autumn Niemi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Ria Blank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Gabriella Lomenzo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Jenivi Tham
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Michael L. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Physical Sciences, Blinn College, Bryan, TX 77802, USA
| | - Gladys Y.-P. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.L.P.); (A.N.); (R.B.); (G.L.); (J.T.); (M.L.K.)
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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16
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Chen Q, Ying H, Yu Z, Chang L, Chen Z, Chen J, Chang SJ, Qiu Y, Lin X. Apelin Receptor Can Act as a Specific Marker and Promising Therapeutic Target for Infantile Hemangioma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:566-577.e12. [PMID: 36243122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common benign tumor in infancy, is generally sensitive to propranolol treatment. However, the challenge remains because resistance or recurrence could occur in some patients, and the mechanism or target of propranolol remains unknown. Therefore, advancement in the drug development is needed. In this study, we explored whether apelin receptor (APJ) can become a candidate target. We found that APJ is expressed only in endothelial cells of IH (HemECs) but not in other vascular anomalies, and its antagonist, ML221, can negatively regulate cellular viability and functions of HemECs. This inhibitory effect could be replicated in a murine hemangioma model. Importantly, in vitro experiments also indicated that ML221 failed to affect the proliferation or angiogenesis of normal endothelial cells or APJ-knockout HemECs. Through analysis of the phosphoantibody microarray data, ML221 was revealed to have an inhibitory effect on HemECs by suppressing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. These results verified the distinctive expression of APJ in IH and specific inhibition of HemEC activity caused by ML221. In addition, APJ was also detected in propranolol-resistant IH. Collectively, we propose that APJ can act as a specific marker and a promising therapeutic target for IH, which will facilitate further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ying
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongan Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Do Aging and Parity Affect VEGF-A/VEGFR Content and Signaling in the Ovary?-A Mouse Model Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043318. [PMID: 36834730 PMCID: PMC9966908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of aging and parity on VEGF-A/VEGFR protein content and signaling in the mice ovaries were determined. The research group consisted of nulliparous (virgins, V) and multiparous (M) mice during late-reproductive (L, 9-12 months) and post-reproductive (P, 15-18 months) stages. Whilst ovarian VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 remained unchanged in all the experimental groups (LM, LV, PM, PV), protein content of VEGF-A and phosphorylated VEGFR2 significantly decreased only in PM ovaries. VEGF-A/VEGFR2-dependent activation of ERK1/2, p38, as well as protein content of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, and Cdc25A were then assessed. In ovaries of LV and LM, all of these downstream effectors were maintained at a comparable low/undetectable level. Conversely, the decrease recorded in PM ovaries did not occur in the PV group, in which the significant increase of kinases and cyclins, as well phosphorylation levels mirrored the trend of the pro-angiogenic markers. Altogether, the present results demonstrated that, in mice, ovarian VEGF-A/VEGFR2 protein content and downstream signaling can be modulated in an age- and parity-dependent manner. Moreover, the lowest levels of pro-angiogenic and cell cycle progression markers detected in PM mouse ovaries sustains the hypothesis that parity could exert a protective role by downregulating the protein content of key mediators of pathological angiogenesis.
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Becker V, Yuan X, Boewe AS, Ampofo E, Ebert E, Hohneck J, Bohle RM, Meese E, Zhao Y, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Gu Y. Hypoxia-induced downregulation of microRNA-186-5p in endothelial cells promotes non-small cell lung cancer angiogenesis by upregulating protein kinase C alpha. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:421-436. [PMID: 36845338 PMCID: PMC9945639 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment stimulates the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate tumor vascularization, growth, and metastasis. The involvement of microRNA-186-5p (miR-186) in regulating the aberrant activity of tumor-associated ECs has so far not been clarified. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-186 is significantly downregulated in ECs microdissected from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared with matched non-malignant lung tissues. In vitro analyses of primary human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) exposed to different stimuli indicated that this miR-186 downregulation is triggered by hypoxia via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Transfection of HDMECs with miR-186 mimic (miR-186m) significantly inhibited their proliferation, migration, tube formation, and spheroid sprouting. In contrast, miR-186 inhibitor (miR-186i) exerted pro-angiogenic effects. In vivo, endothelial miR-186 overexpression inhibited the vascularization of Matrigel plugs and the initial growth of tumors composed of NSCLC cells (NCI-H460) and HDMECs. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the gene encoding for protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a bona fide target of miR-186. Activation of this kinase significantly reversed the miR-186m-repressed angiogenic activity of HDMECs. These findings indicate that downregulation of miR-186 in ECs mediates hypoxia-stimulated NSCLC angiogenesis by upregulating PKCα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Becker
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Xu Yuan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anne S. Boewe
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Elke Ebert
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Johannes Hohneck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rainer M. Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yuan Gu
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Corresponding author: Yuan Gu, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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19
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Sajti E, Lingappan K. Remarkable sex-specific differences at single-cell resolution in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L5-L31. [PMID: 36283964 PMCID: PMC9799156 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00269.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) predisposes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterized by abnormal alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development, in preterm neonates. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is used to recapitulate the phenotype of human BPD in murine models. Male sex is considered an independent predictor for the development of BPD, but the main mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to investigate sex-specific and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive injury in the neonatal lung exposed to hyperoxia at single-cell resolution and delineate the changes in cell-cell communication networks in the developing lung. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to generate transcriptional profiles of >35,000 cells isolated from the lungs of neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% [Formula: see text] between PND1-5 (saccular stage of lung development) or normoxia and euthanized at PND7 (alveolar stage of lung development). ScRNAseq identified 22 cell clusters with distinct populations of endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Our data identified that the distal lung vascular endothelium (composed of aerocytes and general capillary endothelial cells) is exquisitely sensitive to hyperoxia exposure with the emergence of an intermediate capillary endothelial population with both general capillaries (gCap) and aerocytes or alveolar capillaries (aCap) markers. We also identified a myeloid-derived suppressor cell population from the lung neutrophils. Sex-specific differences were evident in all lung cell subpopulations but were striking among the lung immune cells. Finally, we identified that the specific intercellular communication networks and the ligand-receptor pairs that are impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manuel C Gutierrez
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Jin H, Yang B, Jiang D, Ding Z, Xiong Y, Zeng X. Inhibitory effect of anti-Scg3 on corneal neovascularization: a preliminary study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:455. [PMID: 36443679 PMCID: PMC9703748 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is an important disease that causes blindness. Secretogranin III (Scg3) has emerged as a new influencing factor of neovascularization. This study analyzed the Scg3 antibody's inhibitory effect on CNV and and explored its preliminary mechanism. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Scg3 and anti-Scg3. Cell proliferation, wound healing migration and tube formation assays were performed. Healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly selected to be alkali burned and establish the corneal neovascularization (CNV) model. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (the high concentration group, low concentration group and control group). Different doses of anti-Scg3 and PBS were administered to the rabbits. Clinical examinations, immunostaining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting analyses were performed postoperatively. RESULTS In the in vitro study, the Scg3 antibody mixture inhibited Scg3-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In the in vivo study, significant CNV was observed in the control group. Confocal microscopy also revealed considerable active neovascularization in the control group. There was no obvious CNV growth in the high concentration group. Additionally, CD31, LYVE1 and CD45 expression was significantly inhibited after treatment with a high concentration of Scg3 antibody. The qPCR and western blotting analyses revealed that the levels of ERK in the low concentration group and high concentration group were higher than those in the control group at 7 days and 14 days. The levels of VEGF in the control group were significantly increased compared with those in the high concentration group. In all three groups, the levels of Akt were not significantly different at any time point. CONCLUSION The expression of Scg3 could affect the growth of HUVECs in vitro. Treatment with a high concentration (0.5 µg/mL) of Scg3 antibody reduced the inflammatory response and inhibited the growth of corneal neovascularization after corneal alkali burn injury in rabbits. The MEK/ERK pathway might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of anti-Scg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jin
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Zhixiang Ding
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Xinsheng Zeng
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
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Kim KW, Shin YJ, Lee SCS. Novel ROCK Inhibitors, Sovesudil and PHP-0961, Enhance Proliferation, Adhesion and Migration of Corneal Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314690. [PMID: 36499014 PMCID: PMC9740482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss or dysfunction of human corneal endothelial cells (hCEnCs) is a leading cause of blindness due to corneal failure. Corneal transplantation with a healthy donor cornea has been the only available treatment for corneal endothelial disease. However, the need for way to regenerate the CEnCs has been increased due to the global shortage of donor corneas. The aim of the study is to investigate whether novel Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors can induce the cultivation and regeneration of hCEnCs. Cultured hCEnCs were treated with Y-27632, sovesudil, or PHP-0961 for 24 h. Cellular responses, including cell viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and Ki67 expression with ROCK inhibitors were evaluated. We also evaluated wound healing and cell adhesion assays. Porcine corneas were used ex vivo to evaluate the effects of Y-27632, sovesudil, and PHP-0961 on wound healing and regeneration. We performed live/dead cell assays and immunofluorescence staining for SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), β-catenin, and ZO-1 on porcine corneas after ROCK inhibitor treatments. Cell viability, cell proliferation rate, and the number of Ki67-positive cells were higher in Y-27632, sovesudil and PHP-0961 treated cells compared to the control. There was no difference in LDH cytotoxicity test between any groups. Cells treated with Y-27632, sovesudil and PHP-0961 showed faster migration, wound healing, and cell adhesion. In the porcine ex vivo experiments, wound healing, the number of live cells, and SOX2-positive cells were higher in Y-27632, sovesudil and PHP-0961 treated corneas. In all experiments, sovesudil and PHP-0961, the novel ROCK inhibitors, were equal or superior to the results of the ROCK inhibitor positive control, Y-27632. In conclusion, sovesudil and PHP-0961, novel ROCK inhibitors have the capacity to regenerate hCEnCs by enhancing cell proliferation and adhesion between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Wook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6960-1240
| | - Sammy Chi Sam Lee
- pH Pharma Co., Ltd., B-1009, U-Space, 670 Daewangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13494, Republic of Korea
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22
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Bu S, Nguyen HC, Nikfarjam S, Michels DCR, Rasheed B, Maheshkumar S, Singh S, Singh KK. Endothelial cell-specific loss of eNOS differentially affects endothelial function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274487. [PMID: 36149900 PMCID: PMC9506615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium maintains and regulates vascular homeostasis mainly by balancing interplay between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction via regulating Nitric Oxide (NO) availability. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is one of three NOS isoforms that catalyses the synthesis of NO to regulate endothelial function. However, eNOS’s role in the regulation of endothelial function, such as cell proliferation and migration remain unclear. To gain a better understanding, we genetically knocked down eNOS in cultured endothelial cells using sieNOS and evaluated cell proliferation, migration and also tube forming potential in vitro. To our surprise, loss of eNOS significantly induced endothelial cell proliferation, which was associated with significant downregulation of both cell cycle inhibitor p21 and cell proliferation antigen Ki-67. Knockdown of eNOS induced cell migration but inhibited formation of tube-like structures in vitro. Mechanistically, loss of eNOS was associated with activation of MAPK/ERK and inhibition of PI3-K/AKT signaling pathway. On the contrary, pharmacologic inhibition of eNOS by inhibitors L-NAME or L-NMMA, inhibited cell proliferation. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of eNOS, both promoted endothelial cell migration but inhibited tube-forming potential. Our findings confirm that eNOS regulate endothelial function by inversely controlling endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and by directly regulating its tube-forming potential. Differential results obtained following pharmacologic versus genetic inhibition of eNOS indicates a more complex mechanism behind eNOS regulation and activity in endothelial cells, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Bu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sepideh Nikfarjam
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C. R. Michels
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berk Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sauraish Maheshkumar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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Okada Y, Kawashima N, Noda S, Murano H, Han P, Hashimoto K, Kaneko T, Okiji T. VEGFA promotes odonto/osteoblastic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells via ERK/p38 signaling. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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CHEN J, WANG Y, ZHANG N, XUE X. Shenqihuatan formula reduces inflammation by inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated signaling pathway in airway smooth muscle cells. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:520-529. [PMID: 35848968 PMCID: PMC9924674 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220519.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects and mechanism of Shenqihuatan formula (, SQHT) of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated cell processes in airway remodeling. METHODS The current study examined cell viability using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Furthermore, a Transwell assay was conducted to detect the ability of cell migration, and apoptosis was detected via flowcytometry. Western Blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis or inflammation-related factors, such as TGF-β, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax), Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), recombinant rho associated coiled coil containing protein kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), Snail, and Slug. Finally, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) were admeasured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that SQHT inhibited the viability and migration, as well as the the F-actin formation and cytoskeletal reorganization of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) stimulated by TGF-β. By monitoring the changes of critical regulators in the presence of the formula, it was observed that the expression levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, Bcl-2, RhoA, ROCK1/2, ERK1/2, Snail, and Slug were markedly suppressed, whereas Bax expression exhibited the opposite effect. Compared with a well-characterized RhoA pathway inhibitor, Fasudil, SQHT generated equivalent or even higher inhibitory effects on these processes in ASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these suggested that SQHT can reduce airway inflammation by inhibiting TGF-β-stimulated signaling pathways in ASMCs. These findings may provide a novel remedy for treating ASMC inflammation, which causes thickening and obstruction of the airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing CHEN
- 1 Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanyuan WANG
- 2 Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Nianzhi ZHANG
- 3 Department of Respiratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- Prof. ZHANG Nianzhi, Department of Respiratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China. , Telephone: +86-13505615645
| | - Xiaoming XUE
- 1 Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
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25
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 Alone Is Dispensable for Hyperoxia-Mediated Alveolar and Pulmonary Vascular Simplification in Neonatal Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061130. [PMID: 35740027 PMCID: PMC9219973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a morbid lung disease distinguished by lung alveolar and vascular simplification. Hyperoxia, an important BPD causative factor, increases extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2 expression, whereas decreased lung endothelial cell ERK2 expression reduces angiogenesis and potentiates hyperoxia-mediated BPD in mice. However, ERK1′s role in experimental BPD is unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD would be more severe in global ERK1-knockout (ERK1-/-) mice than their wild-type (ERK1+/+ mice) littermates. We determined the extent of lung development, ERK1/2 expression, inflammation, and oxidative stress in ERK1-/- and ERK1+/+ mice exposed to normoxia (FiO2 21%) or hyperoxia (FiO2 70%). We also quantified the extent of angiogenesis and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) with normal and decreased ERK1 signaling. Compared with ERK1+/+ mice, ERK1-/- mice displayed increased pulmonary ERK2 activation upon hyperoxia exposure. However, the extent of hyperoxia-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and interrupted lung development was similar in ERK1-/- and ERK1+/+ mice. ERK1 knockdown in HPMECs increased ERK2 activation at baseline, but did not affect in vitro angiogenesis and hyperoxia-induced H2O2 production. Thus, we conclude ERK1 is dispensable for hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD due to compensatory ERK2 activation.
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26
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Lange M, Ohnesorge N, Hoffmann D, Rocha SF, Benedito R, Siekmann AF. Zebrafish mutants in vegfab can affect endothelial cell proliferation without altering ERK phosphorylation and are phenocopied by loss of PI3K signaling. Dev Biol 2022; 486:26-43. [PMID: 35337795 PMCID: PMC11238767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of appropriately patterned blood vessel networks requires endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Signaling through the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) pathway is instrumental in coordinating these processes. mRNA splicing generates short (diffusible) and long (extracellular matrix bound) Vegfa isoforms. The differences between these isoforms in controlling cellular functions are not understood. In zebrafish, vegfaa generates short and long isoforms, while vegfab only generates long isoforms. We found that mutations in vegfaa had an impact on endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation. Surprisingly, mutations in vegfab more strongly affected EC proliferation in distinct blood vessels, such as intersegmental blood vessels in the zebrafish trunk and central arteries in the head. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways revealed no change in MAPK (ERK) activation, while inhibiting PI3 kinase signaling phenocopied vegfab mutant phenotypes in affected blood vessels. Together, these results suggest that extracellular matrix bound Vegfa might act through PI3K signaling to control EC proliferation in a distinct set of blood vessels during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Ohnesorge
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dennis Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Autoantibodies from patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) induce pro-inflammatory effects and functional disturbances on endothelial cells in vitro. Pain 2022; 163:2446-2456. [PMID: 35384930 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an inadequate local response after a limb trauma, which leads to severe pain and autonomic and trophic changes of the affected limb. Autoantibodies directed against human β2 adrenergic and muscarinic M2-receptors (hβ2AR and hM2R) have been described in CRPS-patients previously.We analyzed sera from CRPS-patients for autoantibodies against hß2AR, hM2R and endothelial cells, and investigated the functional effects of purified IgG, derived from 13 CRPS patients, on endothelial cells. Eleven healthy controls, seven radial fracture patients without CRPS, and 10 patients with peripheral arterial vascular disease served as controls.CRPS-IgG, but not control IgG, bound to the surface of endothelial cells (P < 0.001) and to hβ2AR and hM2R (P < 0.05), the latter being reversed by adding β2AR and M2R antagonists. CRPS-IgG led to an increased cytotoxicity and a reduced proliferation rate of endothelial cells, and by adding specific antagonists, the effect was neutralized. Regarding second messenger pathways, CRPS-IgG induced ERK-1/2-, P38-, and STAT1-phosphorylation, while AKT-phosphorylation was decreased at the protein level. In addition, increased expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) on the mRNA-level was induced by CRPS-IgG, thus inducing a pro-inflammatory condition of the endothelial cells.Our results show that patients with CRPS not only develop autoantibodies against hβ2AR and hM2R, but these antibodies interfere with endothelial cells, inducing functional effects on these in vitro, and thus might contribute to the pathophysiology of CRPS.
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Protrudin regulates FAK activation, endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:220. [PMID: 35368213 PMCID: PMC8977271 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells form protrusive sprouts and migrate towards the angiogenic stimulus. In this study, we investigate the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored protein, Protrudin, in endothelial cell protrusion, migration and angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that Protrudin regulates angiogenic tube formation in primary endothelial cells, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Analysis of RNA sequencing data and its experimental validation revealed cell migration as a prominent cellular function affected in HUVECs subjected to Protrudin knockdown. Further, our results demonstrate that knockdown of Protrudin inhibits focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation in HUVECs and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). This is associated with a loss of polarized phospho-FAK distribution upon Protrudin knockdown as compared to Protrudin expressing HUVECs. Reduction of Protrudin also results in a perinuclear accumulation of mTOR and a decrease in VEGF-mediated S6K activation. However, further experiments suggest that the observed inhibition of angiogenesis in Protrudin knockdown cells is not affected by mTOR disturbance. Therefore, our findings suggest that defects in FAK activation and its abnormal subcellular distribution upon Protrudin knockdown are associated with a detrimental effect on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Furthermore, mice with global Protrudin deletion demonstrate reduced retinal vascular progression. To conclude, our results provide evidence for a novel key role of Protrudin in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis.
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Qufeng Xuanbi Formula Ameliorates Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Mice by Suppressing Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1525110. [PMID: 35186095 PMCID: PMC8849894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1525110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. The Qufeng Xuanbi formula (QFXBF), a Chinese herbal decoction, has shown efficacy in the management of asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of QFXBF in the treatment of asthma both in vitro and in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) proliferation and MTT assays were used to explore the effects of QFXBF on the proliferation of ASMCs. Moreover, 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, high QFXBF group, low QFXBF group, and dexamethasone (DEX) group (n = 8 per group). A mouse allergic asthma model was established using the intranasally administered OVA sensitization method. Morphological changes in the lung tissue were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Finally, the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MEK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK1/2), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in ASMCs and lung tissue were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assays. PDGF significantly increased the viability of ASMCs. Compared with mice in the control group, the airway walls and airway smooth muscle of mice in the OVA group were thickened, and the number of inflammatory cells around the bronchus significantly increased. Moreover, the administration of QFXBF markedly inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs and alleviated the pathological changes induced by OVA. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, PCNA, and α-SMA were significantly increased in OVA-treated mice and PDGF-treated ASMCs. Finally, treatment with QFXBF also significantly decreased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, α-SMA, and PCNA. QFXBF inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs by suppressing MEK/ERK signaling in PDGF-induced ASMCs and OVA-induced mice.
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Sandovici I, Georgopoulou A, Pérez-García V, Hufnagel A, López-Tello J, Lam BYH, Schiefer SN, Gaudreau C, Santos F, Hoelle K, Yeo GSH, Burling K, Reiterer M, Fowden AL, Burton GJ, Branco CM, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Constância M. The imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis is critical for matching placental microvasculature expansion to fetal growth. Dev Cell 2022; 57:63-79.e8. [PMID: 34963058 PMCID: PMC8751640 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In all eutherian mammals, growth of the fetus is dependent upon a functional placenta, but whether and how the latter adapts to putative fetal signals is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate, through fetal, endothelial, hematopoietic, and trophoblast-specific genetic manipulations in the mouse, that endothelial and fetus-derived IGF2 is required for the continuous expansion of the feto-placental microvasculature in late pregnancy. The angiocrine effects of IGF2 on placental microvasculature expansion are mediated, in part, through IGF2R and angiopoietin-Tie2/TEK signaling. Additionally, IGF2 exerts IGF2R-ERK1/2-dependent pro-proliferative and angiogenic effects on primary feto-placental endothelial cells ex vivo. Endothelial and fetus-derived IGF2 also plays an important role in trophoblast morphogenesis, acting through Gcm1 and Synb. Thus, our study reveals a direct role for the imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis on matching placental development to fetal growth and establishes the principle that hormone-like signals from the fetus play important roles in controlling placental microvasculature and trophoblast morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Aikaterini Georgopoulou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia Hufnagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Jorge López-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samira N Schiefer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Chelsea Gaudreau
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fátima Santos
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Katharina Hoelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Keith Burling
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Moritz Reiterer
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cristina M Branco
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Miguel Constância
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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Riera-Mestre A, Cerdà P, Iriarte A, Graupera M, Viñals F. Translational medicine in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 95:32-37. [PMID: 34538686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Scientific community have gained lots of new insights in the genetic and biochemical background of different conditions, rare diseases included, settling the basis for preclinical models that are helping to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Translational Medicine (TM) is an interdisciplinary area of biomedicine with an essential role in bench-to-bedside transition enhancement, generating a circular flow of knowledge transference between research environment and clinical setting, always centered in patient needs. Here, we present different tools used in TM and an overview of what is being done related to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), as a disease's model. This work is focused on how this combination of basic and clinical research impacts in HHT patient's daily clinical management and also looking into the future. Further randomized clinical trials with HHT patients should assess the findings of this bench-to-bedside transition. The benefits of this basic and clinical research combination, may not only be important for HHT patients but for patients with other vascular diseases sharing angiogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riera-Mestre
- HHT Unit. Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, C/ Feixa Llarga s/n., L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P Cerdà
- HHT Unit. Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, C/ Feixa Llarga s/n., L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Iriarte
- HHT Unit. Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, C/ Feixa Llarga s/n., L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Viñals
- Physiological Sciences Department. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain; Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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MEKK3-TGFβ crosstalk regulates inward arterial remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112625118. [PMID: 34911761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112625118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial remodeling is an important adaptive mechanism that maintains normal fluid shear stress in a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. Inward remodeling, a process that leads to reduction in arterial diameter, plays a critical role in progression of such common diseases as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Yet, despite its pathogenic importance, molecular mechanisms controlling inward remodeling remain undefined. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) perform a number of functions ranging from control of proliferation to migration and cell-fate transitions. While the MAPK ERK1/2 signaling pathway has been extensively examined in the endothelium, less is known about the role of the MEKK3/ERK5 pathway in vascular remodeling. To better define the role played by this signaling cascade, we studied the effect of endothelial-specific deletion of its key upstream MAP3K, MEKK3, in adult mice. The gene's deletion resulted in a gradual inward remodeling of both pulmonary and systematic arteries, leading to spontaneous hypertension in both vascular circuits and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. Molecular analysis revealed activation of TGFβ-signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial-specific TGFβR1 knockout prevented inward arterial remodeling in MEKK3 endothelial knockout mice. These data point to the unexpected participation of endothelial MEKK3 in regulation of TGFβR1-Smad2/3 signaling and inward arterial remodeling in artery diseases.
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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI. A Synopsis of Signaling Crosstalk of Pericytes and Endothelial Cells in Salivary Gland. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120144. [PMID: 34940041 PMCID: PMC8700478 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland (SG) microvasculature constitutes a dynamic cellular organization instrumental to preserving tissue stability and homeostasis. The interplay between pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) culminates as a key ingredient that coordinates the development, maturation, and integrity of vessel building blocks. PCs, as a variety of mesenchymal stem cells, enthrall in the field of regenerative medicine, supporting the notion of regeneration and repair. PC-EC interconnections are pivotal in the kinetic and intricate process of angiogenesis during both embryological and post-natal development. The disruption of this complex interlinkage corresponds to SG pathogenesis, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders (Sjögren’s syndrome), and tumorigenesis. Here, we provided a global portrayal of major signaling pathways between PCs and ECs that cooperate to enhance vascular steadiness through the synergistic interchange. Additionally, we delineated how the crosstalk among molecular networks affiliate to contribute to a malignant context. Additionally, within SG microarchitecture, telocytes and myoepithelial cells assemble a labyrinthine companionship, which together with PCs appear to synchronize the regenerative potential of parenchymal constituents. By underscoring the intricacy of signaling cascades within cellular latticework, this review sketched a perceptive basis for target-selective drugs to safeguard SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Dong S, Chen Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Stagos D, Lin X, Liu M. Marine Bromophenol Bis(2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzyl)ether Inhibits Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Reduces Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:641. [PMID: 34822512 PMCID: PMC8617710 DOI: 10.3390/md19110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, including the growth of new capillary blood vessels from existing ones and the malignant tumors cells formed vasculogenic mimicry, is quite important for the tumor metastasis. Anti-angiogenesis is one of the significant therapies in tumor treatment, while the clinical angiogenesis inhibitors usually exhibit endothelial cells dysfunction and drug resistance. Bis(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)ether (BTDE), a marine algae-derived bromophenol compound, has shown various biological activities, however, its anti-angiogenesis function remains unknown. The present study illustrated that BTDE had anti-angiogenesis effect in vitro through inhibiting human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration, invasion, tube formation, and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), and in vivo BTDE also blocked intersegmental vessel formation in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, BTDE inhibited the migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry formation of lung cancer cell A549. All these results indicated that BTDE could be used as a potential candidate in anti-angiogenesis for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Santiago FS, Li Y, Khachigian LM. Serine 26 in Early Growth Response-1 Is Critical for Endothelial Proliferation, Migration, and Network Formation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020521. [PMID: 34476983 PMCID: PMC8649526 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and network formation are key proangiogenic processes involving the prototypic immediate early gene product, Egr‐1 (early growth response‐1). Egr‐1 undergoes phosphorylation at a conserved Ser26 but its function is completely unknown in endothelial cells or any other cell type. Methods and Results A CRISPR/Cas9 strategy was used to introduce a homozygous Ser26>Ala mutation into endogenous Egr‐1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. In the course of generating mutant cells, we produced cells with homozygous deletion in Egr‐1 caused by frameshift and premature termination. We found that Ser26 mutation in Egr‐1, or Egr‐1 deletion, perturbed endothelial cell proliferation in models of cell counting or real‐time growth using the xCELLigence System. We found that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion ameliorated endothelial cell migration toward VEGF‐A165 (vascular endothelial growth factor‐A) in a dual‐chamber model. On solubilized basement membrane preparations, Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion prevented endothelial network (or tubule) formation, an in vitro model of angiogenesis. Flow cytometry further revealed that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion elevated early and late apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion increased VE‐cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) expression, a regulator of endothelial adhesion and signaling, permeability, and angiogenesis. Conclusions These findings not only indicate that Egr‐1 is essential for endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and network formation, but also show that point mutation in Ser26 is sufficient to impair each of these processes and trigger apoptosis as effectively as the absence of Egr‐1. This highlights the importance of Ser26 in Egr‐1 for a range of proangiogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Santiago
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research School of Medical Sciences UNSW Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research School of Medical Sciences UNSW Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research School of Medical Sciences UNSW Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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Blockade of Autocrine CCL5 Responses Inhibits Zika Virus Persistence and Spread in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0196221. [PMID: 34399621 PMCID: PMC8406327 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01962-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurovirulent flavivirus that uniquely causes fetal microcephaly, is sexually transmitted, and persists in patients for up to 6 months. ZIKV persistently infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enables viral spread to neuronal compartments. We found that CCL5, a chemokine with prosurvival effects on immune cells, was highly secreted by ZIKV-infected hBMECs. Although roles for CCL5 in endothelial cell (EC) survival remain unknown, the presence of the CCL5 receptors CCR3 and CCR5 on ECs suggested that CCL5 could promote ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. We found that exogenous CCL5 induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in hBMECs and that ERK1/2 cell survival signaling was similarly activated by ZIKV infection. Neutralizing antibodies to CCL5, CCR3, or CCR5 inhibited persistent ZIKV infection of hBMECs. While knockout (KO) of CCL5 failed to prevent ZIKV infection of hBMECs, at 3 days postinfection (dpi), we observed a >90% reduction in ZIKV-infected CCL5-KO hBMECs and a multilog reduction in ZIKV titers. In contrast, the addition of CCL5 to CCL5-KO hBMECs dose-dependently rescued ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. Inhibiting CCL5 responses using CCR3 (UCB35625) and CCR5 (maraviroc) receptor antagonists reduced the number of ZIKV-infected hBMECs and ZIKV titers (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s] of 2.5 to 12 μM), without cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] of >80 μM). These findings demonstrate that ZIKV-induced CCL5 directs autocrine CCR3/CCR5 activation of ERK1/2 survival responses that are required for ZIKV to persistently infect hBMECs. Our results establish roles for CCL5 in ZIKV persistence and suggest the potential for CCL5 receptor antagonists to therapeutically inhibit ZIKV spread and neurovirulence.
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Abstract
Phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) is a member of the PLC family that functions as signal transducer by hydrolyzing membrane lipid to generate second messengers. The unique protein structure of PLCγ1 confers a critical role as a direct effector of VEGFR2 and signaling mediated by other receptor tyrosine kinases. The distinct vascular phenotypes in PLCγ1-deficient animal models and the gain-of-function mutations of PLCγ1 found in human endothelial cancers point to a major physiological role of PLCγ1 in the endothelial system. In this review, we discuss aspects of physiological and molecular function centering around PLCγ1 in the context of endothelial cells and provide a perspective for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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38
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Nakamura A, Goto Y, Kondo Y, Aoki K. Shedding light on developmental ERK signaling with genetically encoded biosensors. Development 2021; 148:271153. [PMID: 34338283 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway governs cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and therefore plays key roles in various developmental and regenerative processes. Recent advances in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have unveiled hitherto unrecognized ERK activation dynamics in space and time and their functional importance mainly in cultured cells. However, ERK dynamics during embryonic development have still only been visualized in limited numbers of model organisms, and we are far from a sufficient understanding of the roles played by developmental ERK dynamics. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the biosensors used for visualization of ERK activity in live cells. Second, we highlight the applications of the biosensors to developmental studies of model organisms and discuss the current understanding of how ERK dynamics are encoded and decoded for cell fate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
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39
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Harada Y, Tanaka T, Arai Y, Isomoto Y, Nakano A, Nakao S, Urasaki A, Watanabe Y, Kawamura T, Nakagawa O. ETS-dependent enhancers for endothelial-specific expression of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 during mouse embryo development. Genes Cells 2021; 26:611-626. [PMID: 34081835 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells of mouse embryos, and Sgk1 null mice show embryonic lethality due to impaired vascular formation. However, how the SGK1 expression is controlled in developing vasculature remains unknown. In this study, we first identified a proximal endothelial enhancer through lacZ reporter mouse analyses. The mouse Sgk1 proximal enhancer was narrowed down to the 5' region of the major transcription initiation site, while a human corresponding region possessed relatively weak activity. We then searched for distal enhancer candidates using in silico analyses of publicly available databases for DNase accessibility, RNA polymerase association and chromatin modification. A region approximately 500 kb distant from the human SGK1 gene was conserved in the mouse, and the mouse and human genomic fragments drove transcription restricted to embryonic endothelial cells. Minimal fragments of both proximal and distal enhancers had consensus binding elements for the ETS transcription factors, which were essential for the responsiveness to ERG, FLI1 and ETS1 proteins in luciferase assays and the endothelial lacZ reporter expression in mouse embryos. These results suggest that endothelial SGK1 expression in embryonic vasculature is maintained through at least two ETS-regulated enhancers located in the proximal and distal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Harada
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshie Isomoto
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Shu Nakao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Urasaki
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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40
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Clark AJ, Mullooly N, Safitri D, Harris M, de Vries T, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Poyner DR, Gianni D, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. CGRP, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2 display endogenous GPCR agonist bias in primary human cardiovascular cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:776. [PMID: 34163006 PMCID: PMC8222276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonist bias occurs when different ligands produce distinct signalling outputs when acting at the same receptor. However, its physiological relevance is not always clear. Using primary human cells and gene editing techniques, we demonstrate endogenous agonist bias with physiological consequences for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR. By switching the receptor-activity modifying protein (RAMP) associated with CLR we can “re-route” the physiological pathways activated by endogenous agonists calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin 2 (AM2). AM2 promotes calcium-mediated nitric oxide signalling whereas CGRP and AM show pro-proliferative effects in cardiovascular cells, thus providing a rationale for the expression of the three peptides. CLR-based agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and has a fundamental purpose for its existence. We anticipate this will be a starting point for more studies into RAMP function in native environments and their importance in endogenous GPCR signalling. Clark et al. explore the ability of ligands to activate the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) in primary endothelial cells, and the influence of co-expressed receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). Their study reveals that GPCR agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and plays a fundamental role in providing unique functions to endogenous agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niamh Mullooly
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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41
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Xenocoumacin 2 reduces protein biosynthesis and inhibits inflammatory and angiogenesis-related processes in endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111765. [PMID: 34058438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenocoumacin (Xcn) 1 and 2 are the major antibiotics produced by the insect-pathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. Although the antimicrobial activity of Xcns has been explored, research regarding their action on mammalian cells is lacking. We aimed to investigate the action of Xcns in the context of inflammation and angiogenesis. We found that Xcns do not impair the viability of primary endothelial cells (ECs). Particularly Xcn2, but not Xcn1, inhibited the pro-inflammatory activation of ECs: Xcn2 diminished the interaction between ECs and leukocytes by downregulating cell adhesion molecule expression and blocked critical steps of the NF-κB activation pathway including the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 as well as the activation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and IκB kinase β (IKKβ). Furthermore, the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and enzymes, nitric oxide (NO) production and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was evaluated in leukocytes. The results showed that Xcns reduced viability, NO release, and iNOS expression in activated macrophages. Beyond these anti-inflammatory properties, Xcn2 effectively hindered pro-angiogenic processes in HUVECs, such as proliferation, undirected and chemotactic migration, sprouting, and network formation. Most importantly, we revealed that Xcn2 inhibits de novo protein synthesis in ECs. Consequently, protein levels of receptors that mediate the inflammatory and angiogenic signaling processes and that have a short half-live are reduced by Xcn2 treatment, thus explaining the observed pharmacological activities. Overall, our research highlights that Xcn2 exhibits significant pharmacological in vitro activity regarding inflammation and angiogenesis, which is worth to be further investigated preclinically.
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42
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Schonning MJ, Koh S, Sun RW, Richter GT, Edwards AK, Shawber CJ, Wu JK. Venous malformation vessels are improperly specified and hyperproliferative. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252342. [PMID: 34043714 PMCID: PMC8158993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous malformations (VMs) are slow-flow malformations of the venous vasculature and are the most common type of vascular malformation with a prevalence of 1%. Germline and somatic mutations have been shown to contribute to VM pathogenesis, but how these mutations affect VM pathobiology is not well understood. The goal of this study was to characterize VM endothelial and mural cell expression by performing a comprehensive expression analysis of VM vasculature. VM specimens (n = 16) were stained for pan-endothelial, arterial, venous, and endothelial progenitor cell proteins; proliferation was assessed with KI67. Endothelial cells in the VM vessels were abnormally orientated and improperly specified, as seen by the misexpression of both arterial and endothelial cell progenitor proteins not observed in control vessels. Consistent with arterialization of the endothelial cells, VM vessels were often surrounded by multiple layers of disorganized mural cells. VM endothelium also had a significant increase in proliferative endothelial cells, which may contribute to the dilated channels seen in VMs. Together the expression analysis indicates that the VM endothelium is misspecified and hyperproliferative, suggesting that VMs are biologically active lesions, consistent with clinical observations of VM progression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Schonning
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Seung Koh
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ravi W. Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Gresham T. Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Ob/Gyn, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - June K. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Okuda KS, Keyser MS, Gurevich DB, Sturtzel C, Mason EA, Paterson S, Chen H, Scott M, Condon ND, Martin P, Distel M, Hogan BM. Live-imaging of endothelial Erk activity reveals dynamic and sequential signalling events during regenerative angiogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:62196. [PMID: 34003110 PMCID: PMC8175085 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessel networks occurs via angiogenesis during development, tissue repair, and disease. Angiogenesis is regulated by intracellular endothelial signalling pathways, induced downstream of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs). A major challenge in understanding angiogenesis is interpreting how signalling events occur dynamically within endothelial cell populations during sprouting, proliferation, and migration. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) is a central downstream effector of Vegf-signalling and reports the signalling that drives angiogenesis. We generated a vascular Erk biosensor transgenic line in zebrafish using a kinase translocation reporter that allows live-imaging of Erk-signalling dynamics. We demonstrate the utility of this line to live-image Erk activity during physiologically relevant angiogenic events. Further, we reveal dynamic and sequential endothelial cell Erk-signalling events following blood vessel wounding. Initial signalling is dependent upon Ca2+ in the earliest responding endothelial cells, but is independent of Vegfr-signalling and local inflammation. The sustained regenerative response, however, involves a Vegfr-dependent mechanism that initiates concomitantly with the wound inflammatory response. This work reveals a highly dynamic sequence of signalling events in regenerative angiogenesis and validates a new resource for the study of vascular Erk-signalling in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide S Okuda
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mikaela S Keyser
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David B Gurevich
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for preclinical drug screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth A Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Huijun Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark Scott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for preclinical drug screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
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44
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Differential expression of angiogenesis markers HSP70, HSP90, VEGF and pERK1/2 in both components of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100370. [PMID: 34094840 PMCID: PMC8167291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas (DDCS) are highly malignant bimorphic mesenchymal tumors with poor outcome and limited treatment options. Genes and proteins involved in angiogenesis play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis. Immunohistochemical stains targeting HSP70, pERK1/2 and VEGFA were applied to a TMA containing 29 DDCS cases representing both tumor components. Higher expression of HSP70 and pERK1/2 was noted in the dedifferentiated component. RNA sequencing performed in 8 paired cases of DDCS comparing well differentiated and dedifferentiated components, showed higher expression of several HSP70 family members and HSP90 in the dedifferentiated component. Furthermore, high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMAG2) and SET nuclear proto-oncogene demonstrated higher expression in the dedifferentiated component. Thus, the well differentiated and dedifferentiated components of DDCS are different, histologically and transcriptomically. The dedifferentiated component of DDCS shows higher expression of markers that are associated with malignant behavior. Some of these may represent future treatment targets.
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45
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Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3046-3058. [PMID: 33587324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms which are composed fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. They produce a variety of characteristic secondary metabolites. Such substances have various biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels, contributes to numerous diseases including cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, infectious, and immune disorders. Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of such diseases by inhibiting the new vessel formation. Technological advances have led to the development of various antiangiogenic agents and have made possible antiangiogenic therapy in many diseases associated with angiogenesis. Some lichens and their metabolites are used in the drug industry, but many have not yet been tested for their antiangiogenic effects. The cytotoxic and angiogenic capacities of lichen-derived small molecules have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro experiments. Therefore, some of them may be used as antiangiogenic agents in the future. The secondary compounds of lichen whose antiangiogenic effect has been studied in the literature are usnic acid, barbatolic acid, vulpinic acid, olivetoric acid, emodin, secalonic acid D, and parietin. In this article, we review the antiangiogenic effects and cellular targets of these lichen-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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46
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Glady A, Vandebroek A, Yasui M. Human keratinocyte-derived extracellular vesicles activate the MAPKinase pathway and promote cell migration and proliferation in vitro. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:4. [PMID: 33526070 PMCID: PMC7852286 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wound healing is a complex biological process and complete skin regeneration is still a critical challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in cell communication and cell regeneration, and recent studies have suggested that EVs may contribute to wound healing, though the molecular mechanisms behind this contribution remain unclear. For these reasons, we decided to use EVs isolated from human keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro to determine the potential mechanism of action of EV-derived wound healing. Method Scratch assays were used to determine cell migration and proliferation. Scratched cells were exposed to EVs in multiple conditions to determine how they affect wound healing. Statistical analysis between groups was carried out to using Student’s two-sided t test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result We found that proteomic analysis of purified EVs shows enrichment of proteins associated with cell communication and signal transduction, such as MAPK pathways, and keratinocyte and fibroblast cultures exposed to EVs had higher levels of proliferation, migration, and ERK1/2 and P38 activation. Moreover, we found that treatment with specific ERK1/2 and P38 signaling inhibitors PD98059 and SB239063 impaired EV-mediated cell migration, which suggests that ERK1/2 and P38 signaling is essential for EV-induced wound healing. Conclusion HaCaT cell-derived EVs accelerate the migration and proliferation of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and may promote wound healing via the activation of MAPKinase pathways. These findings may be key in developing new methods to treat wounds and accelerate wound healing in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41232-021-00154-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azela Glady
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Arno Vandebroek
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Keio University Global Research Institute, Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Ricard N, Bailly S, Guignabert C, Simons M. The quiescent endothelium: signalling pathways regulating organ-specific endothelial normalcy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:565-580. [PMID: 33627876 PMCID: PMC7903932 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular trafficking between blood and the perfused organs. The endothelium adopts a structure that is specific to the needs and function of each tissue and organ and is subject to tissue-specific signalling input. In adults, endothelial cells are quiescent, meaning that they are not proliferating. Quiescence was considered to be a state in which endothelial cells are not stimulated but are instead slumbering and awaiting activating signals. However, new evidence shows that quiescent endothelium is fully awake, that it constantly receives and initiates functionally important signalling inputs and that this state is actively regulated. Signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of functionally quiescent endothelia are starting to be identified and are a combination of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and mechanical inputs. The paracrine pathways confer a microenvironment on the endothelial cells that is specific to the perfused organs and tissues. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of organ-specific signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of endothelial quiescence and the pathologies associated with their disruption. Linking organ-specific pathways and human vascular pathologies will pave the way towards the development of innovative preventive strategies and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sabine Bailly
- grid.457348.9Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- grid.414221.0INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Simons
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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48
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PRL-2 phosphatase is required for vascular morphogenesis and angiogenic signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:603. [PMID: 33097786 PMCID: PMC7584612 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential modulators of angiogenesis and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in cancer and anti-angiogenesis. The roles of atypical Phosphatase of Regenerative Liver (PRL) phosphatases in this context remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biological function of PRL phosphatases in developmental angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina and in cell culture. We show that endothelial cells in the retina express PRL-2 encoded by the Ptp4a2 gene, and that inducible endothelial and global Ptp4a2 mutant mice exhibit defective retinal vascular outgrowth, arteriovenous differentiation, and sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PTP4A2 deletion limits angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and the VEGF-A, DLL-4/NOTCH-1 signaling pathway. This study reveals the importance of PRL-2 as a modulator of vascular development.
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49
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Suzuki S, Mori A, Fukui A, Ema Y, Nishiwaki K. Lidocaine inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced angiogenesis. J Anesth 2020; 34:857-864. [PMID: 32734387 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis is closely related to the pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer or ischemia. Here, we investigated the effect of lidocaine at clinically effective blood concentrations on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-induced angiogenesis. In addition, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which lidocaine could inhibit angiogenesis. METHODS Angiogenesis was analyzed using commercially available in vitro assay kits in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)/normal human dermal fibroblast co-culture systems. The effects of lidocaine on cytotoxicity, VEGF-induced cell migration, and VEGF-induced cell proliferation were examined in HUVECs using lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxic, Boyden chamber, and WST-8 assays, respectively. The VEGF signaling pathway via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Lidocaine elicited a significant dose-dependent, angiogenesis-inhibitory effect at a concentration range of 1-10 μg/ml. At this concentration range, cell death was not observed. Lidocaine, at a concentration of 10 μg/ml, significantly inhibited cell proliferation but not cell migration, induced by VEGF-A in HUVECs. Furthermore, lidocaine, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly inhibited the VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at 3 and 10 μg/ml. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that lidocaine has an anti-angiogenesis effect on clinically effective blood concentrations without causing cell death. This finding could represent a new avenue for future research into anesthesia, cancer-related analgesia, and revascularization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mori
- Department of Perioperative Management System, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Aya Fukui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ema
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nishiwaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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Menon RT, Shrestha AK, Barrios R, Reynolds C, Shivanna B. Tie-2 Cre-Mediated Deficiency of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 Potentiates Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonatal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072408. [PMID: 32244398 PMCID: PMC7177249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant lung morbidity of infants, and disrupted lung angiogenesis is a hallmark of this disease. We observed that extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 support angiogenesis in vitro, and hyperoxia activates ERK1/2 in fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) and in neonatal murine lungs; however, their role in experimental BPD and PH is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that Tie2 Cre-mediated deficiency of ERK2 in the endothelial cells of neonatal murine lungs would potentiate hyperoxia-induced BPD and PH. We initially determined the role of ERK2 in in vitro angiogenesis using fetal HPMECs. To disrupt endothelial ERK2 signaling in the lungs, we decreased ERK2 expression by breeding ERK2flox/flox mice with Tie-Cre mice. One-day-old endothelial ERK2-sufficient (eERK2+/+) or –deficient (eERK2+/−) mice were exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia (FiO2 70%) for 14 d. We then performed lung morphometry, gene and protein expression studies, and echocardiography to determine the extent of inflammation, oxidative stress, and development of lungs and PH. The knockdown of ERK2 in HPMECs decreased in vitro angiogenesis. Hyperoxia increased lung inflammation and oxidative stress, decreased lung angiogenesis and alveolarization, and induced PH in neonatal mice; however, these effects were augmented in the presence of Tie2-Cre mediated endothelial ERK2 deficiency. Therefore, we conclude that endothelial ERK2 signaling is necessary to mitigate hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD and PH in neonatal mice. Our results indicate that endothelial ERK2 is a potential therapeutic target for the management of BPD and PH in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka T. Menon
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.T.M.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.T.M.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Corey Reynolds
- Mouse Phenotyping Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.T.M.); (A.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-832-824-6474; Fax: +1-832-825-3204
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