1
|
Au-Yeung C, Lam KL, Choi MH, Chan KW, Cheung YS, Tsui YL, Mo WY. Impact of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Ornamental Fish Tanks on Microbial Communities and Pathogen Selection in Carriage Water in Hong Kong Retail Shops. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1184. [PMID: 38930567 PMCID: PMC11205468 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are routinely added to ornamental fish tanks for treating bacterial infection or as a prophylactic measure. However, the overuse or subtherapeutical application of antibiotics could potentially facilitate the selection of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, yet no studies have investigated antibiotic use in the retail ornamental fish sector and its impact on microbial communities. The present study analyzed the concentrations of twenty antibiotics in the carriage water (which also originates from fish tanks in retail shops) collected monthly from ten local ornamental fish shops over a duration of three months. The antibiotic concentrations were correlated with the sequenced microbial community composition, and the risk of resistance selection in bacteria was assessed. Results revealed that the detected concentrations of tetracyclines were the highest among samples, followed by fluoroquinolones and macrolides. The concentrations of oxytetracycline (44.3 to 2,262,064.2 ng L-1) detected across three months demonstrated a high risk for resistance selection at most of the sampled shops. Zoonotic pathogens (species of Rhodococcus, Legionella, and Citrobacter) were positively correlated with the concentrations of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and enrofloxacin. This suggests that antibiotic use in retail shops may increase the likelihood of selecting for zoonotic pathogens. These findings shed light on the potential for ornamental fish retail shops to create a favorable environment for the selection of pathogens with antibiotics, thereby highlighting the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship within the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | - Kit-Ling Lam
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Man-Hay Choi
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Ka-Wai Chan
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Yu-Sum Cheung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | - Yat-Lai Tsui
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Wing-Yin Mo
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (C.A.-Y.); (K.-L.L.); (M.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.); (Y.-L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Legario FS, Choresca CH, Grace K, Turnbull JF, Crumlish M. Identification and characterization of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad279. [PMID: 38012120 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) caused by motile Aeromonas species is an important disease in farmed freshwater fish due to intensification of culture and improper farm practices. This study characterized and profiled motile Aeromonas species recovered from clinically sick tilapia farmed in the Philippines, with a view to identifying targeted disease prevention and control measures against MAS in farmed tilapia species. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen isolates from diseased farmed Nile tilapia were identified as Aeromonas veronii (n = 14), Aeromonas caviae (n = 1), and Aeromonas dhakensis (n = 1). Five biochemical profiles using API 20E were exhibited by the A. veronii strains giving an unreliable identification. A high level of agreement was observed in identifying the Aeromonas strains using 16S rRNA and rpoD gene sequencing, although the latter has a higher discriminatory value. Three or more virulence genes dominated by cytotoxic enterotoxin act and aerolysin aer were detected. Different genotypes based on virulence gene clustering suggested varied mechanisms used by Aeromonas to colonize and infect or to mutualistically co-exist with the fish. Acquired multiple antibiotic resistance was found in a single A. veronii isolate. All were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxolinic acid, florfenicol, and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline and sulfonamide resistances and class 1 integron were detected in three A. veronii isolates. CONCLUSION Several strains of motile aeromonads, especially A. veronii, which have varied genotypes based on virulence, biochemical profile, and antibiotic resistance, are involved in MAS in natural disease outbreaks in farmed Nile tilapia in the Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis S Legario
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
- Natural Sciences Department, Iloilo Science and Technology University, Iloilo City, 5000, The Philippines
| | - Casiano H Choresca
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute-Fisheries Biotechnology Centre, Science City of Muñoz, 3120, The Philippines
| | - Kathryn Grace
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - James F Turnbull
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Crumlish
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Fu H, Wan G, Huang J, Zhou Z, Rao Y, Liu L, Wen C. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Aeromonas veronii isolated from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042007. [PMID: 36578578 PMCID: PMC9791064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area is severely threatened by diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, and Aeromonas veronii has been the main pathogen in recent years. In this paper, ERIC-PCR genotyping, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, and drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 46 A. veronii isolates obtained from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the A. veronii strains in the Poyang Lake area had high genetic diversity, and 46 strains produced 36 ERIC genotypes. There were no geographical and temporal differences in the cluster analysis results and no dominant clones. All 13 virulence genes tested were detected, and all isolates had harbored 2 or more virulence genes, with a maximum of 12 virulence genes detected. Among the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes selected, 15 were detected; 97.8% of the isolates contained 2 or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with a maximum of 9 antimicrobial resistance genes. Drug susceptibility tests showed that some strains were resistant to a variety of traditionally effective drugs for Aeromomas, such as enrofloxacin and florfenicol. This study provides a reference for exploring the impact of aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Xu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiyun Fu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoyuan Wan
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Chungen Wen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Au-Yeung C, Lam KL, Chan KW, Mo WY. Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:365-377. [PMID: 36547470 PMCID: PMC9783315 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of antibiotics in ornamental fish. Ornamental fish were purchased from five local pet fish shops and the antibiotics in carriage water were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. present in carriage water were isolated and their minimum inhibitory concentrations against selected antibiotics were determined. Results indicated that among the twenty antibiotics screened, doxycycline (0.0155-0.0836 µg L-1), oxytetracycline (0.0102-29.0 µg L-1), tetracycline (0.0350-0.244 µg L-1), enrofloxacin (0.00107-0.247 µg L-1), and oxalinic acid (n.d.-0.514 µg L-1) were detected in all sampled shops. Additionally, MIC results revealed that some of the Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics selected. Our findings confirmed that multiple antibiotics are being used in ornamental fish and the associated bacteria are resistant to selected antibiotics, suggesting that this could be a significant transmission route of antibiotic resistant bacteria to household indoor environments.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding C, Gong Z, Zhang K, Jiang W, Kang M, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma J, Yang Y, Qiu Z. Distribution and model prediction of antibiotic resistance genes in Weishan Lake based on the indication of Chironomidae larvae. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118862. [PMID: 35863278 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in freshwater environment are becoming a serious challenge to human health and ecological safety. Rapid and efficient monitoring of ARGs pollution is of great significance to ARGs control. Water, bottom mud, and fish have all been used to indicate ARG contamination in aquatic environments. However, it is unclear whether macrobenthic invertebrates in the food chain of aquatic environments can be indicators of ARG contamination. In this study, we demonstrated that ARGs including tetA gene, sul2 gene, and km gene were distributed in Chironomidae larvae in Weishan Lake. The ARG distribution was related to animal species, body parts, sampling sites, time, urban environment, animal farming, south-to-north water diversion, food chain, antibiotics, and water storage. Mathematical model predictions of ARG contamination in Weishan Lake were constructed based on the structural equation model (SEM) and the distribution of ARG sul2 in Chironomidae larvae. Influencing factors such as water storage, metal elements, antibiotic, and temperature were found to be closely related to the prediction of ARG contamination. This study provided a new indicator for ARG contamination in freshwater environments and a method to predict ARGs contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshi Ding
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
| | - Zheng Gong
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Wanxiang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Meiling Kang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Zhongjing Tian
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental Medicine and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu C, Ding H, Zhang Q, Song Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Guo J, Qiao M. Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance genes on a pig farm and its neighboring fish ponds in a lakeside district. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119180. [PMID: 35307495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics usage in animal production is considered a primary driver of the occurrence, supply and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Pig farms and fish ponds are important breeding systems in food animal production. In this study, we compared and analyzed broad ARGs profiles, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities in a representative pig farm and neighboring fish ponds around Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. The factors influencing the distribution of ARGs were also explored. The results showed widespread detection of ARGs (from 57 to 110) among 283 targeted ARGs in the collected water samples. The differences in the number and relative abundance of ARGs observed from the pig farm and neighboring fish ponds revealed that ARG contamination was more serious on the pig farm than in the fish ponds and that the water treatment plant on the pig farm was not very effective. Based on the variance partition analysis (VPA), MGEs, bacterial communities and water quality indicators (WIs) codrive the relative abundance of ARGs. Based on network analysis, we found that total phosphorus and Tp614 were the most important WIs and MGEs affecting ARG abundance, respectively. Our findings provide fundamental data on farms in lakeside districts and provide insights into establishing standards for the discharge of aquaculture wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huijun Ding
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuguang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Department of Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Department of Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Boming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Department of Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Department of Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Jin Z, Shen M, Chang Z, Yu G, Wang L, Xia X. Accumulation of polyethylene microplastics induces oxidative stress, microbiome dysbiosis and immunoregulation in crayfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:276-284. [PMID: 35526797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become a worldwide pollutant, widely discovered in soil, air and aquatic environment. Microplastics have been found in habitats where crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) cultivated, but the impact of microplastics on crayfish remains unclear. In this study, after 21-day dietary exposure, polyethylene (PE) particles were found to accumulate in intestine, hepatopancreas, gills and hemolymph of crayfish. Furthermore, PE particles can still be detected in these tissues after a 7-day depuration in clean water. PE retained in these tissues caused oxidative stress responses, as indicated by the change of oxidative-stress-related index, such as the increase of H2O2 level and SOD activity. PE exposure also caused hemocytic encapsulation in crayfish hepatopancreas and increase of mucus secretion in intestine. Moreover, PE exposure affected the microbiota balance in crayfish, by reducing the total microbiota abundance and altering the proportions of many bacterial families. Interestingly, results showed that PE exposure led to of lower numbers of hemocytes and declination of phenoloxidase activity. Finally, PE exposure induced the expression of immune-related genes, including transcription factors and antimicrobial peptides. Taken these together, we conclude that PE microplastics exert considerable toxic effects on crayfish and are a potential threat to crayfish aquaculture and consumption. This study provides basic toxicological data toward quantifying and illuminating the impact of PE microplastics on freshwater animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Zeyu Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Manli Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lassen SB, Ahsan ME, Islam SR, Zhou XY, Razzak MA, Su JQ, Brandt KK. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Oreochromis niloticus aquaculture production systems in Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151915. [PMID: 34826462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) constitute emerging pollutants of significant public health concern. Antibiotics applied in aquaculture may stimulate the proliferation and dissemination of ARGs. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of ARGs in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (formerly Pangasius) and Oreochromis niloticus (formerly Tilapia) commercial aquaculture ponds from four economically important divisions (i.e. regions) of Bangladesh using a high-throughput qPCR ARG SmartChip and further aimed to explore effects of aquaculture pond management and water quality on the observed ARG prevalence patterns. A total of 160 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected across all samples (n = 33), of which 76 ARGs and MGEs were shared between all regions. Multidrug resistance genes were the most frequently encountered ARGs, followed by ARGs conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB). Research ponds managed by the Bangladesh Agricultural University had the lowest abundance and diversity of ARGs, suggesting that proper management such as regular water quality monitoring, fortnightly water exchange and use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may mitigate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from aquaculture ponds. The Adonis test (R2 = 0.35, p < 0.001) and distance decay relationships revealed that the ARGs composition displayed a significant biogeographical pattern (i.e., separation based on geographic origin). However, this effect could possibly be due to feed type as different feed types were used in different regions. In conclusion, our results indicate that there is a vast potential for improving aquaculture pond management practices in Bangladesh to mitigate the environmental dissemination of ARGs and their subsequent transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bo Lassen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, China
| | - Md Emranul Ahsan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh; Department of Fisheries Management, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Seikh Razibul Islam
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Muhammad Abdur Razzak
- Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kristian Koefoed Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
González-Gaya B, García-Bueno N, Buelow E, Marin A, Rico A. Effects of aquaculture waste feeds and antibiotics on marine benthic ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151190. [PMID: 34710419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intensive aquaculture is an important source of organic waste and antibiotics into the marine environment. Yet, their impacts on benthic marine ecosystems are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the ecological impacts of fish feed waste alone and in combination with three different antibiotics (i.e., oxytetracycline, florfenicol and flumequine) in benthic ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea by performing a field experiment. We assessed the fate of the antibiotics in the sediment and their accumulation in wild fauna after two weeks of exposure. Moreover, we investigated the impact of the feed waste alone and in combination with the antibiotics on sediment physico-chemical properties, on benthic invertebrates, as well as on the microbiota and resistome of the sampled sediments. One week after the last antibiotic application, average oxytetracycline and flumequine concentrations in the sediment were <1% and 15% of the applied dose, respectively, while florfenicol was not detected. Flumequine concentrations in wild invertebrates reached 3 μg g-1, while concentrations of oxytetracycline were about an order of magnitude lower, and florfenicol was not detected. Feed waste, with and without antibiotics, increased the concentration of fine particulate matter, affected the pH and redox conditions, and significantly reduced the biodiversity and abundance of benthic invertebrates. Feed waste also had a significant influence on the structure of sediment microbial communities, while specific effects related to the different antibiotics ranged from insignificant to mild. The presence of antibiotics significantly influenced the normalized abundance of the measured antibiotic resistance genes. Florfenicol and oxytetracycline contributed to an increase of genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol, while flumequine had a less clear impact on the sediment resistome. This study demonstrates that feed waste from aquaculture farms can rapidly alter the habitat and biodiversity of Mediterranean benthic ecosystems, while antibiotic residual concentrations can contribute to the enrichment of bacterial genes resistant to antibiotic classes that are of high relevance for human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén González-Gaya
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Bueno
- Murcia University, Ecology and Hydrology department, Biology Faculty, University campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Buelow
- University Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Institut Jean Roget, Domaine de la Merci, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaldo Marin
- Murcia University, Ecology and Hydrology department, Biology Faculty, University campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
Collapse
|
11
|
Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Vijay S, Balasundaram C, Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Jaturasithaf S. Dietary plant pigment on blood-digestive physiology, antioxidant-immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:716-736. [PMID: 34968713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study addressed to investigate the effect of lycopene (LYC) on blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, specific-nonspecific immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation (cytokines, heat shock proteins, vitellogenins) in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In unchallenged and challenged fish treated with 200 mg LYC enriched diet the growth performance and digestive-antioxidant enzymes increased after 30 days, whereas with inclusion of 100 or 400 mg LYC in the diets, the increase manifested on or after 45 days. No mortality in fish treated with any LYC diet against P. aeruginosa was revealed. In the unchallenged and challenged fish the phagocytic (PC) activity in head kidney (HK) and spleen were significantly enhanced when fed the control diet or other LYC diets, whereas the respiratory burst (RB) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production significantly increased when fed the 200 mg diet for 45 and 60 days. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz) activity in the HK and spleen, and total Ig content in serum were significantly higher in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 15, 45, and 60 days. Heat shock protein (Hsp 70) was significantly improved in the uninfected group fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 45 and 60 days, but Hsp27 did not significantly change among the experimental groups at any time points. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokine expression significantly increased in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet after 45 and 60 days, while the IL-12 mRNA expression was moderate in both groups fed the same diet for 60 days. The IL-10 did not significant mRNA expression between groups at any sampling. The iNOS and NF-κB mRNA expression was pointedly high in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet on day 45 and 60. Vitellogenin A (VgA) mRNA was significantly higher in the uninfected fish fed the 100 and 200 mg LYC diets for 45 and 60 days, but VgB did not reveal significant difference between the treatment groups at any time points. The present results suggest that supplementation of LYC at 200 mg significantly modulate the blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzymes, specific-nonspecific immune parameters, and cytokines, Hsp, and vitellogenins in spotted snakehead against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanchai Jaturasithaf
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conte D, Palmeiro J, Bavaroski A, Rodrigues L, Cardozo D, Tomaz A, Camargo J, Dalla‐Costa L. Antimicrobial resistance in
Aeromonas
species isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:169-181. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1111/jam.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - J.K. Palmeiro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ACL‐UFSC) Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - A.A. Bavaroski
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - L.S. Rodrigues
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - D. Cardozo
- Liga Paranaese de Combate ao Câncer ‐ Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - A.P. Tomaz
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Complexo Hospital de ClínicasUniversidade Federal do Paraná (CHC‐UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - J.O. Camargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SEPT) Programa de Graduação em Bioinformática Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - L.M. Dalla‐Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Conte D, Palmeiro JK, Bavaroski AA, Rodrigues LS, Cardozo D, Tomaz AP, Camargo JO, Dalla-Costa LM. Antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas species isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:169-181. [PMID: 33306232 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relatedness of Aeromonas sp. isolated from healthcare and urban effluents, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and river water. METHODS AND RESULTS We detected the presence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam, quinolone and aminoglycoside. Multilocus sequence typing was carried out to differentiate the strains, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis was used to identify the species. A total of 28 cefotaxime-resistant Aeromonas sp. strains were identified, harbouring uncommon Guiana-extended-spectrum (GES)-type β-lactamases (GES-1, GES-5, GES-7 and GES-16). Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. were found in hospital wastewater, WWTP and sanitary effluent, and A. caviae was identified as the most prevalent species (85·7%). CONCLUSION The release of untreated healthcare effluents, presence of antimicrobials in the environment, in addition to multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp., are all potential factors for the spread of resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We identified a vast repertoire of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas sp. from diverse aquatic ecosystems, including those that encode enzymes degrading broad-spectrum antimicrobials widely used to treat healthcare-associated infections. Hospital and sanitary effluents serve as potential sources of bacteria harbouring ARG and are a threat to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J K Palmeiro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ACL-UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A A Bavaroski
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L S Rodrigues
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - D Cardozo
- Liga Paranaese de Combate ao Câncer - Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A P Tomaz
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J O Camargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SEPT), Programa de Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L M Dalla-Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hossain S, Heo GJ. Ornamental fish: a potential source of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas spp. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:2-12. [PMID: 32805752 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria that cause diseases in fish and other aquatic animals. They are the natural inhabitants of different aquatic environments, such as freshwater, brackishwater and marinewater. Extrinsic stressors, such as crowding, unhygienic handling, poor water quality, polluted feeding and inadequate nutrition, can predispose fish to Aeromonas infection. In ornamental fish, motile Aeromonas spp. are known as aetiological agents of motile aeromonad infections, which cause significant mortality in fish and economic loss in the ornamental fish industry. The existence of different virulence factors leads to the virulence potential of motile Aeromonas spp. There are several antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in ornamental fish. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in the ornamental fish industry causes multidrug resistance. This article reviewed a multitude of virulence factors that are related to the ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas pathogenicity and the antimicrobial resistance determinants related to the multidrug resistance phenotypes of motile Aeromonas spp. in ornamental fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saengsitthisak B, Chaisri W, Punyapornwithaya V, Mektrirat R, Klayraung S, Bernard JK, Pikulkaew S. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province. Pathogens 2020; 9:E973. [PMID: 33266430 PMCID: PMC7700646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, the indiscriminate and comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute to the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common. The frequent detection of antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish and their environments are inevitable so as to decrease the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from aquatic sources to other environments. This study evaluated the prevalence of common bacteria species and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in ornamental fish that were sold in an ornamental fish shop in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Aeromonas spp. were the most dominant of the isolated species from the ornamental fish samples and accounted for 68.09% of the total. Other species detected included Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Citrobacter spp. A high percentage of resistance to amoxicillin (93.75%), oxytetracycline (79.69%), and erythromycin (75.00%) was observed among the Aeromonas spp. The antimicrobial resistance information for ornamental fish is very limited, and the results from this study indicate that the Aeromonas spp. are highly resistant to several important antibiotics. The results suggest that additional steps should be taken to educate store owners to reduce the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics to decrease the antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish to potentially improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banthita Saengsitthisak
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Epidemiology Research Center of Infectious Disease, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA;
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Delalay G, Berezowski JA, Diserens N, Schmidt-Posthaus H. An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland, a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1299-1315. [PMID: 32830338 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production. However, morbidity and mortality are higher in aquaculture species than in domestic animals. Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of farmed fish morbidity and are often treated with antimicrobials. Since most Swiss fish farms release effluents directly into surface water without treatment and since aquaculture fish are consumed by humans, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-resistance in aquaculture fish are important for environmental and public health. In this study, AMR tests for 14 antimicrobials were performed on 1,448 isolates from 1,134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish submissions for the period from 2000 to 2017. Amoxicillin, gentamycin and norfloxacin had the lowest proportion of resistant samples. However, AMR was highly variable over time. Resistance proportions were higher in: (a) ornamental fish compared with farmed fish, (b) fish from recirculation systems compared with those from other farming systems and (c) isolates originating from skin compared with those originating from inner organs. Multiple resistances were common. The results of this study provide useful data for Swiss fish veterinarians and some interesting hypotheses about risk factors for AMR in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland. However, further research is needed to define risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Delalay
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Health, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:219-231. [PMID: 32803348 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon-wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tekedar HC, Arick MA, Hsu CY, Thrash A, Blom J, Lawrence ML, Abdelhamed H. Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Aeromonas veronii Strain MS-17-88 Recovered From Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:348. [PMID: 32766165 PMCID: PMC7379393 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative species ubiquitous in different aquatic environments and capable of causing a variety of diseases to a broad host range. Aeromonas species have the capability to carry and acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements, and currently multi-drug resistant (MDR) Aeromonas isolates are commonly found across the world. A. veronii strain MS-17-88 is a MDR strain isolated from catfish in the southeastern United States. The present study was undertaken to uncover the mechanism of resistance in MDR A. veronii strain MS-17-88 through the detection of genomic features. To achieve this, genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and assembled. The A. veronii strain MS-17-88 genome comprised 5,178,226-bp with 58.6% G+C, and it encoded several AMR elements, including imiS, ampS, mcr-7.1, mcr-3, catB2, catB7, catB1, floR, vat(F), tet(34), tet(35), tet(E), dfrA3, and tetR. The phylogeny and resistance profile of a large collection of A. veronii strains, including MS-17-88, were evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between MS-17-88 and strain Ae5 isolated from fish in China and ARB3 strain isolated from pond water in Japan, indicating a common ancestor of these strains. Analysis of phage elements revealed 58 intact, 63 incomplete, and 15 questionable phage elements among the 53 A. veronii genomes. The average phage element number is 2.56 per genome, and strain MS-17-88 is one of two strains having the maximum number of identified prophage elements (6 elements each). The profile of resistance against various antibiotics across the 53 A. veronii genomes revealed the presence of tet(34), mcr-7.1, mcr-3, and dfrA3 in all genomes (100%). By comparison, sul1 and sul2 were detected in 7.5% and 1.8% of A. veronii genomes. Nearly 77% of strains carried tet(E), and 7.5% of strains carried floR. This result suggested a low abundance and prevalence of sulfonamide and florfenicol resistance genes compared with tetracycline resistance among A. veronii strains. Overall, the present study provides insights into the resistance patterns among 53 A. veronii genomes, which can inform therapeutic options for fish affected by A. veronii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan C. Tekedar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Mark A. Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Adam Thrash
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark L. Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Preena PG, Swaminathan TR, Rejish Kumar VJ, Bright Singh IS. Unravelling the menace: detection of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:26-38. [PMID: 32248555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems to be addressed in aquaculture is the prominence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The occurrence of bacterial infections in cultured fishes promotes the continuous use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which results in the selection of proliferated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of transfer to the whole environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the accurate cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent detection methods are very much crucial for the immediate and proper management of this menace. Antimicrobial resistance determinants carrying mobile genetic transfer elements such as transposons, plasmids, integrons and gene cassettes need to be specifically analysed through molecular detection techniques. The susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics should be tested at regular intervals along with various biochemical assays and conjugation studies so as to determine the extent of spread of AMR. Advanced omic-based and bioinformatic tools can also be incorporated for understanding of genetic diversity. The present review focuses on different detection methods to unearth the complexity of AMR in aquaculture. This monitoring helps the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics, commencement of appropriate management measures and adequate substitute strategies in aquaculture. The long battle of AMR could be overcome by the sincere implementation of One Health approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of antibiotics and increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are of major concerns in aquaculture industry. This could result in global health risks through direct consumption of cultured fishes and dissemination of AMR to natural environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, timely detection of the antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and continuous monitoring programmes are inevitable. Advanced microbiological, molecular biological and omic-based tools can unravel the menace to a great extent. This will help the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics and implement appropriate management measures to overcome the threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Preena
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - T Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Sicuro B, Pastorino P, Barbero R, Barisone S, Dellerba D, Menconi V, Righetti M, De Vita V, Prearo M. Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from imported ornamental fish in Italy: A translocation of resistant strains? Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104880. [PMID: 31918357 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the ornamental aquaculture industry over the past decades has resulted in a concomitant increase in the use of antibiotics to combat infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of ornamental fish in the translocation of antibiotic resistant bacteria, with possible consequences for aquarium and public health. We assessed the prevalence of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from 134 ornamental fish imported into northwest Italy during two years of monitoring. Ornamental fish analyzed were imported mainly from Singapore (40%) and Israel (20%), followed by Thailand (13%), Sri Lanka (12%), Czech Republic (7%), Vietnam (5%) and Indonesia (3%). The most commonly imported fish were freshwater species, particularly those belonging to the Poeciliidae family. Bacteriological exam was positive in 68% of the fish examined. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Aeromonas sobria (37%). Bacteria showed resistance against lincomycin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. Sensitivity was found for florfenicol, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Odds ratio (OR) values were calculated as a measure of the association between antibiotic resistance of A. sobria and selected factors (country of origin, fish family and fish species), considering Thailand, Poeciliidae and Poecilia reticulata as control cases. Higher values were found for Vietnam (OR 5.6) and Xiphophorus helleri and X. maculatus (OR 3.0 and 3.7 respectively). Our findings underline the need to improve targeted surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevent the translocation of resistant or multi-resistant bacterial strains in ornamental fish, especially in fish imported from countries where surveillance is limited or lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Sicuro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Barisone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Dellerba
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Baccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Righetti
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Vito De Vita
- La Casetta in Canadà, via Vittime delle Foibe 19, 10136, Settimo Torinese (TO), Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Preena PG, Arathi D, Raj NS, Arun Kumar TV, Arun Raja S, Reshma RN, Raja Swaminathan T. Diversity of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens from a freshwater ornamental fish farm. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 71:108-116. [PMID: 31602688 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in aquaculture results in antibiotic selection pressure and proliferation of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. Frequent assessment of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture environment is inevitable so as to reduce the passage of clinically important AMR from aquatic to other environment. The present study analysed the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens associated with diseased koi carp and goldfish from an ornamental fish farm. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the recovered isolates from both fishes revealed significant pathogens in aquaculture such as Aeromonas, Edwardsiella tarda, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Comamonas. Shannon-Wiener diversity of koi isolates (2·359) was found to be higher than that of goldfish (1·864). Antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion with 47 antibiotics revealed significant resistance pattern of Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Klebsiella and Enterobacter from goldfish and Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Lactococcus, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter from koi with higher multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (>0·3). The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for the major resistant isolates was found to be very high with >256 μg. All the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, kanamycin, cefepime, cefexime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, doripenem, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, recommending their successful application in the farm. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat faced in aquaculture industry. The current study provides baseline information regarding the antibiotic resistance patterns of diverse pathogens recovered from ornamental koi carp and goldfish. The higher MAR index of pathogens and greater MIC of antibiotics for the resistant isolates highlighted the intense use of antibiotics in aquaculture farm. The potential of the pathogens to exhibit resistance even towards the new generation antibiotics remind the need of prudent use of antibiotics and continuous monitoring and surveillance programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Preena
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - D Arathi
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - N Sundar Raj
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - T V Arun Kumar
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - S Arun Raja
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - R N Reshma
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| | - T Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, Kochi, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yuan K, Wang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Fang L, Chen B, Jiang J, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in extracellular and intracellular DNA from sediments collected from two types of aquaculture farms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:520-527. [PMID: 31229713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and quantities of ARGs in extracellular and intracellular DNA (eARGs and iARGs) from sediments collected in two different types of aquaculture farms were investigated. A total of 20 ARG subtypes associated with 7 categories of commonly used antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) were identified, and some of these subtypes were not related to the antibiotics used. ARGs are mainly present in the iDNA form with the ratio of the total iARGs to eARGs being in the range of 7.9-45.5. The ratio of eARG to iARGs varies greatly with ARG subtypes, probably due to their differences in persistence as a part of eDNA. Significant correlation between int1 and ARGs was observed for both eDNA and iDNA in sediments from the aquaculture farms. Moreover, ARG pollution was more serious in bullfrog ponds than polyculture ponds due to the more frequent use of antibiotics in bullfrog rearing operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Baoying Chen
- School of Applied Mathematics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hossain S, De Silva BCJ, Wickramanayake MVKS, Dahanayake PS, Wimalasena SHMP, Heo GJ. Incidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:2-10. [PMID: 30980564 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas sp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria which are associated with various diseases in ornamental fish, aquaculture raised species and wild fisheries. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of 52 guppy-borne Aeromonas sp. were examined. The isolates were identified as A. veronii (n = 34), A. dhakensis (n = 10), A. hydrophila (n = 3), A. caviae (n = 3) and A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) by gyrB gene sequencing. Every isolate was resistant to at least four antimicrobials in disc diffusion test. The resistance to amoxicillin, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline was 100% among the tested isolates. 92·30, 76·92, 71·15, 51·92, 51·92 and 50·00% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin, imipenem, cephalothin, tetracycline and trimethoprim respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged from 0·28 to 0·67. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes implied the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tetA (65·39%), tetE (25·00%) and tetB (15·38%)), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS (26·92%) and qnrB (17·31%)) and aminoglycoside resistance (aphaAI-IAB (7·69%) and aac (6')-Ib (3·84%)) genes in the isolates. The IntI gene was positive for 36·54% of the isolates and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (aadA2, qacE2-orfD, aadA2-catB2 and dfrA12-aadA2) were identified. These data suggest that ornamental guppy can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. which comprise different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antimicrobial resistance genes and integron gene cassettes of ornamental fish-borne aeromonads are poorly studied. The antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy were characterized for the first time in Korea. The incidence of different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed in multidrug-resistant Aeromonas isolates. This result suggests that better management practices are necessary to prevent and address the serious consequences of indiscriminate and inappropriate antimicrobial use, and the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - B C J De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S H M P Wimalasena
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from freshwater ornamental fish, guppy showing bacterial disease. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Fu S, Ni P, Wang Y, Jin S, Jiang Z, Ye S, Li R. Delineating the origins of the multidrug-resistant pathogens in ornamental fish farms by multilocus sequence typing and identification of a novel multidrug-resistant plasmid. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:551-562. [PMID: 30965017 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the overuse of antibiotics and to identify the origin of pathogens in the ornamental fish industry, we conducted a field investigation of three representative fish farms in Liaoning province, China. Drug-resistant pathogens in the fishponds and groundwater were isolated and subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In total, 33 pathogenic strains, including Aeromonas veronii and five other pathogens, were isolated from diseased fish and from groundwater. MLST revealed that A. veronii obtained from diseased fish in three fish farms can be subtyped into four sequence types, which were also identified in the corresponding groundwater. All of the isolates obtained from diseased fish showed resistance to at least four antibiotics. Notably, Citrobacter freundii JY-17 exhibited resistance to the majority of the antibiotics and was a carrier of a megaplasmid with 15 drug resistance genes. PCR assays targeting β-lactam, kanamycin, macrolide, phenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes in the pathogens from the diseased fish and groundwater were also conducted. The results revealed strong correlations between antibiotic treatment and increased antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens. The results suggested that groundwater is the origin of the pathogens in ornamental fish. Antibiotic treatment of ornamental fish promoted the emergence of resistant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Fu
- a College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ni
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Jin
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shigen Ye
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Li
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hossain S, Dahanayake P, De Silva B, Wickramanayake M, Wimalasena S, Heo G. Multidrug resistantAeromonasspp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:370-377. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - P.S. Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - B.C.J. De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - M.V.K.S. Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - S.H.M.P. Wimalasena
- Bio‐Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine Chonbuk National University Jeonju Korea
| | - G.‐J. Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roh HJ, Kim BS, Kim A, Kim NE, Lee Y, Chun WK, Ho TD, Kim DH. Whole-genome analysis of multi-drug-resistant Aeromonas veronii isolated from diseased discus (Symphysodon discus) imported to Korea. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:147-153. [PMID: 30350465 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Jin Roh
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Kim
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Eun Kim
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yoonhang Lee
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Kyong Chun
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tho Diem Ho
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic life medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Comparison of Clinical Isolates ofAeromonasfrom Singapore and Malaysia with Regard to Molecular Identification, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Profiles. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:469-478. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
30
|
Chen B, Lin L, Fang L, Yang Y, Chen E, Yuan K, Zou S, Wang X, Luan T. Complex pollution of antibiotic resistance genes due to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside use in aquaculture farming. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:200-208. [PMID: 29427962 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed using metagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Chen
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ling Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Enzhong Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Naik OA, Shashidhar R, Rath D, Bandekar JR, Rath A. Characterization of multiple antibiotic resistance of culturable microorganisms and metagenomic analysis of total microbial diversity of marine fish sold in retail shops in Mumbai, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6228-6239. [PMID: 29243150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish species were analyzed for culturable and total metagenomic microbial diversity, antibiotic resistance (AR) pattern, and horizontal gene transfer in culturable microorganisms. We observed a high AR microbial load of 3 to 4 log CFU g-1. Many fish pathogens like Providencia, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Vagococcus, and Aeromonas veronii were isolated. Photobacterium and Vibrio were two major fish and human pathogens which were identified in the fish metagenome. Other pathogens that were identified were Shewanella, Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, and Flavobacterium. Most of these pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics such as erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, penicillin, cefotaxime, bacitracin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.54-0.77. The fish microflora showed high prevalence of AR genes like bla TEM, Class I integron, tetA, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, aadA, and sul1. Nineteen of 26 AR isolates harbored Class I integrons showing high co-resistance to trimethoprim, kanamycin, doxycycline, and cefotaxime. Mobile R-plasmids from 6 of the 12 AR pathogens were transferred to recipient E. coli after conjugation. The transconjugants harbored the same R-plasmid carrying bla CTX-M, dfr1, tetA, bla TEM, and cat genes. This study confirms that fish is a potential carrier of AR pathogens which can enter the human gut via food chain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the Indian subcontinent reporting a direct evidence of spread of AR pathogens to humans from specific marine fish consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onkar A Naik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | | | - Devashish Rath
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Jayant R Bandekar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Archana Rath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400098, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hossain S, De Silva BCJ, Wimalasena SHMP, Pathirana HNKS, Dahanayake PS, Heo GJ. Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays in Motile Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1217-1225. [PMID: 29420133 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogens related to multiple infectious diseases in ornamental fishes. In the present study, the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, and integrons of 65 goldfish-borne Aeromonas spp. were evaluated. The isolates were identified as A. hydrophila (n = 30), A. veronii (n = 32), and A. punctata (n = 3) by gyrB sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates designated that most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100.00%), nalidixic acid (100.00%), ampicillin (98.46%), tetracycline (92.31%), rifampicin (86.15%), and cephalothin (61.54%) and each of the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotype (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes revealed that the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS, was the most prevalent (73.85%) among the isolates. The other antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in the following proportions: qnrB (26.15%), aac(6')-Ib-cr (4.60%), tetA (16.92%), tetE (21.54%), aac(6')-Ib (29.23%), and aphAI-IAB (7.69%). The IntI gene was found in 64.62% isolates, and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (incomplete dfrA1, catB3-aadA1, dfrA1-orfC, and qacE2-orfD) were identified. These data suggest that goldfish-borne Aeromonas spp. serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Pasan Sepala Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Walczak N, Puk K, Guz L. Bacterial Flora Associated with Diseased Freshwater Ornamental Fish. J Vet Res 2017; 61:445-449. [PMID: 29978108 PMCID: PMC5937343 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused by Aeromonas, Shewanella, Citrobacter, Plesiomonas, Edwardsiella, and Pseudomonas. But there is a broad spectrum of rarely identified bacteria which may be causative agents of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacteria pathogenic for fish which are prevalent in aquariums. Material and Methods Bacteria were isolated from infected ornamental fish from pet shops and private aquariums in the Lublin region in 2015 and classified to species using MALDI-TOF MS. Results A total of 182 isolates from ornamental fish were identified. The most frequent bacteria found in diseased fish were Aeromonas veronii (30.8% of total number of strains), A. hydrophila (18.7%), Shewanella putrefaciens (7.1%), Citrobacter freundii (7.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (7.1%), Shewanella baltica (4.9%), and Plesiomonas shigelloides (3.3%). Conclusion Isolated bacterial species are facultative pathogens for fish and humans and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Walczak
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Puk
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Guz
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chung TH, Yi SW, Shin GW. Antibiotic resistance and repetitive-element PCR fingerprinting in Aeromonas veronii isolates. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:821-829. [PMID: 27690177 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 Aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (Anguilla japonica) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Korea. In comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. And isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those from eel and koi. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed larger diversities among A. veronii isolates. Collectively, pet fish may be a reservoir for multiple clones of A. veronii involved in antibiotic resistance. In this aspect, imported fish in the aquaculture trade should be steadily and continually screened for bacterial antibiotic resistance and related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-H Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Korea
| | - S-W Yi
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - G-W Shin
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Piotrowska M, Przygodzińska D, Matyjewicz K, Popowska M. Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:863. [PMID: 28559885 PMCID: PMC5432545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas that commonly occur in various aquatic ecosystems are taken into account as vectors spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In our study strains of Aeromonas spp. (n = 104) not susceptible to ampicillin were isolated from municipal sewage of different levels of purification - raw sewage, activated sludge and treated wastewater. The crucial step of the study was the identification of β-lactamase resistance genes. The identified genes encode β-lactamases from 14 families - blaTEM, blaOXA, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaMOX, blaACC, blaFOX, blaGES, blaPER, blaV EB, blaKPC, cphA, imiH, and cepH. There were no significant differences in number of identified ARGs between isolation points. BlaOXA, blaFOX variants and, characteristic for Aeromonas genus, metallo-β-lactamase cphA-related genes were the most commonly identified types of β-lactam resistance determinants. Moreover, we found four extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaSHV -11, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-98, and blaPER-4) - and seven AmpC (blaACC, blaFOX-2-like, blaFOX-3, blaFOX-4-like, blaFOX-9, blaFOX-10-like, and blaFOX-13-like) types and variants of genes that had never been found among Aeromonas spp. before. Five of the β-lactamases families (blaTEM, blaOXA, blaFOX, blaV EB, and cphA) were identified in all three isolation sites, which supports the hypothesis that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hot spots of ARGs dissemination. The obtained ARGs sequences share high identity with previously described β-lactamases, but new variants of those genes have to be considered as well. Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility was performed using disk the diffusion method with 12 different antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines. Over 60% of the strains are unsusceptible to cefepime and chloramphenicol and the majority of the strains have a multidrug resistance phenotype (68%). Finally, analysis of plasmid profiles among the resistant strains showed that 62% of the isolates from all three points of the WWTP carry plasmids of different sizes. Among some of the isolated plasmids blaFOX-4-like and blaGES genes have been found. To sum up, the results strongly suggest that Aeromonas spp. can be considered as agents of antibiotic resistance dissemination from wastewater to the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piotrowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Przygodzińska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Matyjewicz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jamborova I, Dolejska M, Zurek L, Townsend AK, Clark AB, Ellis JC, Papousek I, Cizek A, Literak I. Plasmid-mediated resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones in Escherichia coli from American crows in the USA. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2025-2036. [PMID: 28276133 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) faeces were tested for Escherichia coli with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamases. A total of 590 faecal samples were collected at four roosting sites in the USA and cultivated on selective media. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to assess clonality. Transferability of resistance genes was studied using conjugation and transformation bioassays. In total, 78 (13%, n = 590) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were obtained, of which 66 and 12 displayed AmpC and ESBL phenotypes, respectively. Fifty-four AmpC-producing isolates carried blaCMY-2 . Isolates producing ESBLs contained genes blaCTX-M-27 (5 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (4), blaCTX-M-14 (2) and blaCTX-M-1 (1). Ninety isolates (15%, n = 590) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were obtained, among which 14 harboured PMQR genes aac(6')-Ib-cr (4 isolates), qnrB19 (3), qnrS1 (2), qnrA1 (2), qnrB2 (1), qnrB6 (1) and qnrD3 (1). High genetic diversity was revealed by PFGE and MLST. Epidemiologically important E. coli clones (e.g., ST131, ST405) were identified. Plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 were assigned predominantly to IncA/C (8 plasmids), IncI1/ST23 (5) and IncI1/ST12 (3). The study demonstrates a widespread occurrence of E. coli with ESBL, AmpC and PMQR genes associated with clinically important multidrug-resistant clones and epidemic plasmids, in American crows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jamborova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Anne B Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine North Grafton, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Ivo Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Verner-Jeffreys DW, Brazier T, Perez RY, Ryder D, Card RM, Welch TJ, Hoare R, Ngo T, McLaren N, Ellis R, Bartie KL, Feist SW, Rowe WMP, Adams A, Thompson KD. Detection of the florfenicol resistance gene floR in Chryseobacterium isolates from rainbow trout. Exception to the general rule? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:2982884. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
38
|
Chromosome-Based blaOXA-48-Like Variants in Shewanella Species Isolates from Food-Producing Animals, Fish, and the Aquatic Environment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01013-16. [PMID: 27855066 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01013-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are considered last-resort antibiotics in health care. Increasing reports of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in food-producing animals and in the environment indicate the importance of this phenomenon in public health. Surveillance for carbapenemase genes and carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Dutch food-producing animals, environmental freshwater, and imported ornamental fish revealed several chromosome-based blaOXA-48-like variants in Shewanella spp., including two new alleles, blaOXA-514 and blaOXA-515 Carbapenemase genes were not associated with mobile genetic elements or Enterobacteriaceae.
Collapse
|
39
|
Patil HJ, Benet-Perelberg A, Naor A, Smirnov M, Ofek T, Nasser A, Minz D, Cytryn E. Evidence of Increased Antibiotic Resistance in Phylogenetically-Diverse Aeromonas Isolates from Semi-Intensive Fish Ponds Treated with Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1875. [PMID: 27965628 PMCID: PMC5124577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas is ubiquitous in aquatic environments encompassing a broad range of fish and human pathogens. Aeromonas strains are known for their enhanced capacity to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes and therefore, are frequently targeted as indicator bacteria for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments. This study evaluated temporal trends in Aeromonas diversity and antibiotic resistance in two adjacent semi-intensive aquaculture facilities to ascertain the effects of antibiotic treatment on antimicrobial resistance. In the first facility, sulfadiazine-trimethoprim was added prophylactically to fingerling stocks and water column-associated Aeromonas were monitored periodically over an 11-month fish fattening cycle to assess temporal dynamics in taxonomy and antibiotic resistance. In the second facility, Aeromonas were isolated from fish skin ulcers sampled over a 3-year period and from pond water samples to assess associations between pathogenic strains to those in the water column. A total of 1200 Aeromonas isolates were initially screened for sulfadiazine resistance and further screened against five additional antimicrobials. In both facilities, strong correlations were observed between sulfadiazine resistance and trimethoprim and tetracycline resistances, whereas correlations between sulfadiazine resistance and ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol resistances were low. Multidrug resistant strains as well as sul1, tetA, and intI1 gene-harboring strains were significantly higher in profiles sampled during the fish cycle than those isolated prior to stocking and these genes were extremely abundant in the pathogenic strains. Five phylogenetically distinct Aeromonas clusters were identified using partial rpoD gene sequence analysis. Interestingly, prior to fingerling stocking the diversity of water column strains was high, and representatives from all five clusters were identified, including an A. salmonicida cluster that harbored all characterized fish skin ulcer samples. Subsequent to stocking, diversity was much lower and most water column isolates in both facilities segregated into an A. veronii-associated cluster. This study demonstrated a strong correlation between aquaculture, Aeromonas diversity and antibiotic resistance. It provides strong evidence for linkage between prophylactic and systemic use of antibiotics in aquaculture and the propagation of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant J Patil
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ayana Benet-Perelberg
- Dor Aquaculture Research Station, Fisheries Department, Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Dor, Israel
| | - Alon Naor
- Dor Aquaculture Research Station, Fisheries Department, Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Dor, Israel
| | - Margarita Smirnov
- Central Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Nir David, Israel
| | - Tamir Ofek
- Central Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Nir David, Israel
| | - Ahmed Nasser
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization Rishon Lezion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Q, Zhao M, Wang KY, Wang J, He Y, Wang EL, Liu T, Chen DF, Lai W. Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas veronii Recovered from Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in China: Prevalence and Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone Resistance. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:473-479. [PMID: 27483342 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To emphasize the importance of the appropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture systems, the prevalence of resistance to 25 antimicrobials was investigated in 42 Aeromonas veronii strains isolated from farm-raised channel catfish in China in 2006-2012. All experiments were based on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and susceptibility was assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Some isolates displayed antibiotic resistance to the latest-generation fluoroquinolones (i.e., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin) in vitro. Therefore, we screened for genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones and performed conjugation experiments to establish the resistance mechanisms. The antibiotic resistance rates were 14.29-21.42% to three kinds of fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin. Among the 42 strains isolated, 15 carried the qnrS2 gene. The MICs of the fluoroquinolones in transconjugants with qnrS2 were more than fourfold higher compared with the recipient. Among the fluoroquinolone-resistant A. veronii strains, eight had point mutations in both gyrA codon 83 (Ser83→Ile83) and parC codon 87 (Ser87→Ile87). However, five isolates with point mutations in parC codon 52 remained susceptible to the three fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in A. veronii isolates may be related to mutations in gyrA codon 83 and parC codon 87 and the presence of the qnrS2 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yu Wang
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Long Wang
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Fang Chen
- 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Lai
- 1 Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Deng Y, Wu Y, Jiang L, Tan A, Zhang R, Luo L. Multi-Drug Resistance Mediated by Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas Isolated from Farmed Freshwater Animals. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:935. [PMID: 27379065 PMCID: PMC4908131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas is regarded as an important pathogen of freshwater animals but little is known about the genetics of its antimicrobial resistance in Chinese aquaculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of integrons and characterize multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased farmed freshwater animals. These animal samples included fish, ornamental fish, shrimp, turtles, and amphibians which were collected from 64 farms in Guangdong province of South China. One hundred and twelve Aeromonas spp. isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the presence of class 1 integron sequences. Twenty-two (19.6%) of these isolates carried a class 1 integron comprising six different gene insertion cassettes including drfA12-orfF-aadA2, drfA12-orfF, aac(6′)-II-blaOXA-21-cat3, catB3, arr-3, and dfrA17. Among these, drfA12-orfF-aadA2 was the dominant gene cassette array (63.6%, 14/22) and this is the first report of aac(6′)-II-blaOXA-21-cat3 in an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate from a Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). All the integron-positive strains were resistant to more than five agents and 22 contained other resistance genes including blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and tetA. All integron-positive isolates also contained mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR). Our investigation demonstrates that freshwater animals can serve as a reservoir for pathogenic Aeromonas strains containing multiple drug-resistance integrons. This data suggests that surveillance for antimicrobial resistance of animal origin and a prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in aquaculture is necessary in these farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China; Office of Aquaculture Technology Extension, Foshan Institute of Agricultural SciencesFoshan, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chenia HY. Prevalence and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from South African freshwater fish. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 231:26-32. [PMID: 27180024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp., which are both fish and emerging opportunistic human pathogens, has been observed worldwide. Quinolone-resistant Aeromonas spp. isolates are increasingly being observed in clinical and environmental settings, and this has been attributed primarily to target gene alterations, efflux, and transferable quinolone resistance. Thirty-four Aeromonas spp., obtained from freshwater aquaculture systems, were screened for the presence of GyrA and ParC substitutions, efflux activity and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnr and aac-6'-Ib-cr. Although 44% of isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, the majority were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. The predominant GyrA substitution was Ser-83→Val among Aeromonas veronii isolates whilst Aeromonas hydrophila isolates displayed a Ser-83→Ile substitution, and Ser-80→Ile substitutions were observed in ParC. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluoro(quinolones) were determined in the presence and absence of the efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN). Addition of PAβN had no effect on the levels of fluoro(quinolone) resistance observed for these isolates. Although no aac-6'-Ib-cr variant genes were identified, qnrB and qnrS were detected for 41% and 24% of isolates, respectively, by Southern hybridization and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Quinolone resistance in these fish-associated Aeromonas isolates was related to mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of GyrA and ParC and presence of qnrB and qnrS. The presence of qnr alleles in Aeromonas spp. isolates may facilitate high-level fluoroquinolone resistance and potentially serve as reservoirs for the dissemination of qnr genes to other aquatic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafizah Yousuf Chenia
- Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) have been discovered since 1998. Plasmid genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qnrVC code for proteins of the pentapeptide repeat family that protects DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone inhibition. The qnr genes appear to have been acquired from chromosomal genes in aquatic bacteria, are usually associated with mobilizing or transposable elements on plasmids, and are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. The second plasmid-mediated mechanism involves acetylation of quinolones with an appropriate amino nitrogen target by a variant of the common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib. The third mechanism is enhanced efflux produced by plasmid genes for pumps QepAB and OqxAB. PMQR has been found in clinical and environmental isolates around the world and appears to be spreading. The plasmid-mediated mechanisms provide only low-level resistance that by itself does not exceed the clinical breakpoint for susceptibility but nonetheless facilitates selection of higher-level resistance and makes infection by pathogens containing PMQR harder to treat.
Collapse
|
44
|
Igbinosa EO. Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio Isolates in Aquaculture Environments: Implications for Public Health. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:238-45. [PMID: 26540391 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Vibrio isolates recovered from four different fish pond facilities in Benin City, Nigeria, determine their antibiogram profiles, and evaluate the public health implications of these findings. Fish pond water samples were collected from four sampling sites between March and September 2014. A total of 56 samples were collected and screened for the isolation of Vibrio species using standard culture-based methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identities of the Vibrio species using the genus-specific and species-specific primers. Vibrio species were detected at all the study sites at a concentration on the order of 10(3) and 10(6) CFU/100 ml. A total of 550 presumptive Vibrio isolates were subjected to PCR confirmation. Of these isolates, 334 isolates tested positive, giving an overall Vibrio prevalence rate of 60.7%. The speciation of the 334 Vibrio isolates from fish ponds yielded 32.63% Vibrio fluvialis, 20.65% Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 18.26% Vibrio vulnificus, and 28.44% other Vibrio species. In all, 167 confirmed Vibrio isolates were selected from a pool of 334 confirmed Vibrio isolates for antibiogram profiling. The susceptibility profiles of 20 antimicrobial agents on the isolates revealed a high level of resistance for AMP(R), ERY(R), NAL(R), SUL(R), TMP(R), SXT(R), TET(R), OTC(R), and CHL(R). The percentage of multiple drug resistance Vibrio isolates was 67.6%. The multiple antibiotic resistance index mean value of 0.365 for the Vibrio isolates found in this study indicated that the Vibrio isolates were exposed to high-risk sources of contamination when antibiotics were frequently used. The resistant Vibrio strains could be transmitted through the food chain to humans and therefore constitutes a risk to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin , Benin City, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
In Vivo Transmission of an IncA/C Plasmid in Escherichia coli Depends on Tetracycline Concentration, and Acquisition of the Plasmid Results in a Variable Cost of Fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3561-70. [PMID: 25769824 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04193-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IncA/C plasmids are broad-host-range plasmids enabling multidrug resistance that have emerged worldwide among bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. Although antibiotic usage is suspected to be a driving force in the emergence of such strains, few studies have examined the impact of different types of antibiotic administration on the selection of plasmid-containing multidrug resistant isolates. In this study, chlortetracycline treatment at different concentrations in pig feed was examined for its impact on selection and dissemination of an IncA/C plasmid introduced orally via a commensal Escherichia coli host. Continuous low-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 50 g per ton had no observable impact on the proportions of IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli from pig feces over the course of 35 days. In contrast, high-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 350 g per ton significantly increased IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli in pig feces (P < 0.001) and increased movement of the IncA/C plasmid to other indigenous E. coli hosts. There was no evidence of conjugal transfer of the IncA/C plasmid to bacterial species other than E. coli. In vitro competition assays demonstrated that bacterial host background substantially impacted the cost of IncA/C plasmid carriage in E. coli and Salmonella. In vitro transfer and selection experiments demonstrated that tetracycline at 32 μg/ml was necessary to enhance IncA/C plasmid conjugative transfer, while subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline in vitro strongly selected for IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli. Together, these experiments improve our knowledge on the impact of differing concentrations of tetracycline on the selection of IncA/C-type plasmids.
Collapse
|
46
|
Gerzova L, Videnska P, Faldynova M, Sedlar K, Provaznik I, Cizek A, Rychlik I. Characterization of microbiota composition and presence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in carriage water of ornamental fish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103865. [PMID: 25084116 PMCID: PMC4118911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
International trade with ornamental fish is gradually recognized as an important source of a wide range of different antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study we therefore characterized the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota found in the carriage water of ornamental fish originating from 3 different continents. Real-time PCR quantification showed that the sul1 gene was present in 11 out of 100 bacteria. tet(A) was present in 6 out of 100 bacteria and strA, tet(G), sul2 and aadA were present in 1-2 copies per 100 bacteria. Class I integrons were quite common in carriage water microbiota, however, pyrosequencing showed that only 12 different antibiotic gene cassettes were present in class I integrons. The microbiota characterized by pyrosequencing of the V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes consisted of Proteobacteria (48%), Bacteroidetes (29.5%), Firmicutes (17.8%), Actinobacteria (2.1%) and Fusobacteria (1.6%). Correlation analysis between antibiotic resistance gene prevalence and microbiota composition verified by bacterial culture showed that major reservoirs of sul1 sul2, tet(A), tet(B) tet(G), cat, cml, bla, strA, aacA, aph and aadA could be found among Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria with representatives of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae and Comamonadaceae being those most positively associated with the tested antibiotic resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karel Sedlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mohammed HH, Arias CR. Epidemiology of columnaris disease affecting fishes within the same watershed. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:201-211. [PMID: 24991846 DOI: 10.3354/dao02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the southeastern USA, columnaris disease (caused by Flavobacterium columnare) typically affects catfish raised in earthen ponds from early spring until late summer. Recently, unusually severe outbreaks of columnaris disease occurred at the E. W. Shell Fisheries Center located in Auburn, AL, USA. During these outbreaks, catfish and other aquaculture and sport fish species that were in ponds located within the same watershed were affected. Our objective was to investigate the genetic diversity among F. columnare isolates recovered from different sites, sources, and dates to clarify the origin of these outbreaks and, ultimately, to better understand the epidemiology of columnaris disease. A total of 102 F. columnare isolates were recovered from catfishes (channel catfish Ictalurus puntactus, blue catfish I. furcatus, and their hybrid), bluegill Lepomis microchirus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, egg masses, and water during columnaris outbreaks (from spring 2010 to summer 2012). Putative F. columnare colonies were identified following standard protocols. All isolates were ascribed to Genomovar II following restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Genetic variability among the isolates was revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism. Date of isolation explained most of the variability among our isolates, while host was the least influential parameter, denoting a lack of host specificity within Genomovar II isolates. The susceptibility of each of the isolates against commonly used antibiotics was tested by antibiogram. Our data showed that 19.6 and 12.7% of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and kanamycin, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham H Mohammed
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jagoda SSSDS, Wijewardana TG, Arulkanthan A, Igarashi Y, Tan E, Kinoshita S, Watabe S, Asakawa S. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater ornamental fish showing signs of septicaemia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:127-137. [PMID: 24991740 DOI: 10.3354/dao02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74 phenotypically identified presumptive motile Aeromonas isolates recovered from septicaemic freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka were genetically characterized by sequencing of rpoD and gyrB genes. rpoD/gyrB phylogeny confirmed only 53 isolates as Aeromonas, among which A. veronii was the predominant species (79.2%), followed by A. hydrophila (7.5%), A. caviae (5.7%), A. jandaei (1.9%), A. dhakensis (3.8%) and A. entero pelogenes (1.9%). The aeromonads confirmed by sequencing were further subjected to 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP which substantiated sequencing results for 83% of isolates. Fingerprinting of A. enteropelogenes (n = 42) using ERIC-PCR revealed no dominant clones, and the majority were genetically distinct. All isolates were screened by PCR for 7 virulence determinant genes (aer, act, ast, alt, fla, ser, exu) and 2 integrase encoding genes (intI1, intI2). Each isolate contained ≥3 of the virulence genes tested for, with a heterogeneous distribution. Of the isolates, 77% harboured the intI1 gene, while none had intI2. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed highest resistances towards tetracycline (58.5%) and erythromycin (54.7%). Our results indicate the diverse range of aeromonads that could potentially be associated with motile aeromonad septicaemia in ornamental fish. This is the first isolation of A. dhakensis from a septicaemic ornamental fish since its original description from the same host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S S de S Jagoda
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dobiasova H, Kutilova I, Piackova V, Vesely T, Cizek A, Dolejska M. Ornamental fish as a source of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and antibiotic resistance plasmids. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:413-21. [PMID: 24629900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing ornamental fish industry is associated with public health concerns including extensive antibiotic use accompanied by increasing antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze Aeromonas isolates from imported tropical ornamental fish and coldwater koi carps bred in the Czech Republic to assess the potential risk of ornamental fish as a source of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) and antibiotic resistance plasmids. A collection of Aeromonas spp. with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.05 mg/L) was selected for the detection of PMQR genes. Isolates harbouring PMQR genes were further analyzed for the additional antibiotic resistance, integron content, clonality, biofilm production and transferability of PMQR genes by conjugation and transformation. Comparative analysis of plasmids carrying PMQR genes was performed. Fifteen (19%, n=80) isolates from koi carps and 18 (24%, n=76) isolates from imported ornamental fish were positive for qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr or qnrB17 genes. PMQR-positive isolates from imported ornamental fish showed higher MIC levels to quinolones, multiresistance and diverse content of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons compared to the isolates from the carps. Related IncU plasmids harbouring qnrS2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were found in Aeromonas spp. from imported ornamental fish and koi carps from various geographical areas. Ornamental fish may represent a potential source of multiresistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements for the environment and for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Dobiasova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Kutilova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Piackova
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vesely
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nguyen HNK, Van TTH, Nguyen HT, Smooker PM, Shimeta J, Coloe PJ. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates from catfish of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:397-405. [PMID: 24629778 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 116 motile Pseudomonas spp. and 92 Aeromonas spp. isolated from 15 Vietnamese intensive catfish farms was analyzed to examine the molecular antibiotic resistance characteristics and the transferability of resistance markers within and between species. High levels of resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin were observed. The percentage of multiple drug resistance of Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolates was 96.6% and 61.9%, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index mean values of 0.457 and 0.293 of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates, respectively, indicated that these isolates were exposed to high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used. Approximately 33% of Pseudomonas spp. and 28% of Aeromonas spp. isolates from catfish contained class 1 integrons, but no class 2 integrons were detected. Several common resistance genes including aadA, dfrA and catB were harbored in class 1 integrons. Large plasmids (>55 kb) were frequently detected in 50% and 71.4% of the plasmids extracted from Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates, respectively. Conjugation and transformation experiments demonstrated the successful transfer of all or part of the resistance phenotypes of catfish isolates to the recipient strains, including laboratory strains and strains isolated from this study. These results highlight the likely role of catfish bacteria as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant, Gram-negative bacteria harboring a pool of mobile genetic elements that can readily be transferred intra- and interspecies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from catfish in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Kha Nguyen
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Huu Thinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Peter J Coloe
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|