1
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Albanese M, Chen HR, Gapp M, Muenchhoff M, Yang HH, Peterhoff D, Hoffmann K, Xiao Q, Ruhle A, Ambiel I, Schneider S, Mejías-Pérez E, Stern M, Wratil PR, Hofmann K, Amann L, Jocham L, Fuchs T, Ulivi AF, Besson-Girard S, Weidlich S, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Humpe A, Baumeister P, Wieser A, Rothenfusser S, Bogner J, Roider J, Knolle P, Hengel H, Wagner R, Laketa V, Fackler OT, Keppler OT. Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101483. [PMID: 38579727 PMCID: PMC11031382 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Department for Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsiu-Hui Yang
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qianhao Xiao
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Amann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Jocham
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thimo Fuchs
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics, and Hemostaseology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU München and Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKliP), Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bogner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Najera J, Berry MM, Ramirez AD, Reyes BR, Angel A, Jellyman JK, Mercer F. Bovine neutrophils kill the sexually-transmitted parasite Tritrichomonas foetus using trogocytosis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:865-875. [PMID: 37968413 PMCID: PMC10998815 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is the causative organism of bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis), a sexually-transmitted infection that reduces fertility in cattle. Efforts to control trichomonosis on cattle farms are hindered by the discouragement of antibiotic use in agriculture, and the incomplete, short-lived protection conferred by the current vaccines. A more complete mechanistic understanding of what effective immunity to T. foetus entails could enable the development of more robust infection control strategies. While neutrophils, the primary responders to infection, are present in infected tissues and have been shown to kill the parasite in vitro, the mechanism they use for parasite killing has not been established. Here, we show that primary bovine neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood rapidly kill T. foetus in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, and that optimal parasite killing is reduced by inhibitors of trogocytosis. We also use imaging to show that bovine neutrophils surround T. foetus and trogocytose its membrane. These findings are consistent with killing via trogocytosis, a recently described novel neutrophil antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Najera
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Michael M Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Ashley D Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Bryan Ramirez Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Arielle Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Juanita K Jellyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Frances Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.
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3
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Park S, Kim J, Shin JH. Intercellular Transfer of Immune Regulatory Molecules Via Trogocytosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:131-146. [PMID: 39242377 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Trogocytosis, an active cellular process involving the transfer of plasma membrane and attached cytosol during cell-to-cell contact, has been observed prominently in CD4 T cells interacting with antigen-presenting cells carrying antigen-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Despite the inherent absence of MHC class II molecules in CD4 T cells, they actively acquire these molecules from encountered antigen-presenting cells, leading to the formation of antigen-loaded MHC class II molecules-dressed CD4 T cells. Subsequently, these dressed CD4 T cells engage in antigen presentation to other CD4 T cells, revealing a dynamic mechanism of immune communication. The transferred membrane proteins through trogocytosis retain their surface localization, thereby altering cellular functions. Concurrently, the donor cells experience a loss of membrane proteins, resulting in functional changes due to the altered membrane properties. This chapter provides a focused exploration into trogocytosis-mediated transfer of immune regulatory molecules and its consequential impact on diverse immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- The interdisciplinary graduate program in integrative biology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- The interdisciplinary graduate program in integrative biology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- The interdisciplinary graduate program in integrative biology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
- Integrative Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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4
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Ramezani F, Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Tamtaji OR, Mirzaei H, Brown CE, Mirzaei HR. Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37974170 PMCID: PMC10652537 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. We provide an in-depth analysis of trogocytosis as it relates to the fate and function of NK and T cells, focusing on its effects on cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation. We discuss how trogocytosis can mediate transient antigen loss on cancer cells, thereby negatively affecting the effector function of CAR NK/T cells. Additionally, we address the phenomenon of fratricide and trogocytosis-associated exhaustion, which can limit the persistence and effectiveness of CAR-expressing cells. Furthermore, we explore how trogocytosis can impact CAR NK/T cell functionality, including the acquisition of target molecules and the modulation of signaling pathways. To overcome the negative effects of trogocytosis on cellular immunotherapy, we propose innovative approaches to modulate trogocytosis and augment CAR NK/T cell therapy. These strategies encompass targeting trogocytosis-related molecules, engineering CAR NK/T cells to resist trogocytosis-induced exhaustion and leveraging trogocytosis to enhance the function of CAR-expressing cells. By overcoming the limitations imposed by trogocytosis, it may be possible to unleash the full potential of CAR NK/T therapy against cancer. The knowledge and strategies presented in this review will guide future research and development, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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5
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Schriek P, Villadangos JA. Trogocytosis and cross-dressing in antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102331. [PMID: 37148582 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-presenting cells capture or synthesize Ags that are processed into peptides bound and displayed on the plasma membrane by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Here, we review a mechanism that enables cells to present Ag-loaded MHC molecules that they have not produced themselves, namely trogocytosis. During trogocytosis, a cell acquires fragments from another living cell without, in most cases, affecting the viability of the donor cell. The trogocytic cell can incorporate into its own plasma membrane (becoming cross-dressed) proteins acquired from the donor cell, including intact Ag and MHC molecules. Trogocytosis and cross-dressing expand the immunological functions that immune and nonimmune cells are able to carry out, with both beneficial and deleterious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schriek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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6
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Kennedy A, Robinson MA, Hinze C, Waters E, Williams C, Halliday N, Dovedi S, Sansom DM. The CTLA-4 immune checkpoint protein regulates PD-L1:PD-1 interaction via transendocytosis of its ligand CD80. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111556. [PMID: 36727298 PMCID: PMC9975936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 and PD-1 are key immune checkpoint receptors that are targeted in the treatment of cancer. A recently identified physical interaction between the respective ligands, CD80 and PD-L1, has been shown to block PD-L1/PD-1 binding and to prevent PD-L1 inhibitory functions. Since CTLA-4 is known to capture and degrade its ligands via transendocytosis, we investigated the interplay between CD80 transendocytosis and CD80/PD-L1 interaction. We find that transendocytosis of CD80 results in a time-dependent recovery of PD-L1 availability that correlates with CD80 removal. Moreover, CD80 transendocytosis is highly specific in that only CD80 is internalised, while its heterodimeric PD-L1 partner remains on the plasma membrane of the antigen-presenting cell (APC). CTLA-4 interactions with CD80 do not appear to be inhibited by PD-L1, but efficient removal of CD80 requires an intact CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain, distinguishing this process from more general trogocytosis and simple CTLA-4 binding to CD80/PD-L1 complexes. These data are consistent with CTLA-4 acting as modulator of PD-L1:PD-1 interactions via control of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kennedy
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Claudia Hinze
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | - Erin Waters
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Neil Halliday
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
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7
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Vo DN, Leventoux N, Campos-Mora M, Gimenez S, Corbeau P, Villalba M. NK Cells Acquire CCR5 and CXCR4 by Trogocytosis in People Living with HIV-1. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050688. [PMID: 35632444 PMCID: PMC9145773 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells play a major role in the antiviral immune response, including against HIV-1. HIV-1 patients have impaired NK cell activity with a decrease in CD56dim NK cells and an increase in the CD56−CD16+ subset, and recently it has been proposed that a population of CD56+NKG2C+KIR+CD57+ cells represents antiviral memory NK cells. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) partly restores the functional activity of this lymphocyte lineage. NK cells when interacting with their targets can gain antigens from them by the process of trogocytosis. Here we show that NK cells can obtain CCR5 and CXCR4, but barely CD4, from T cell lines by trogocytosis in vitro. By UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), we show that aviremic HIV-1 patients have unique NK cell clusters that include cells expressing CCR5, NKG2C and KIRs, but lack CD57 expression. Viremic patients have a larger proportion of CXCR4+ and CCR5+ NK cells than healthy donors (HD) and this is largely increased in CD107+ cells, suggesting a link between degranulation and trogocytosis. In agreement, UMAP identified a specific NK cell cluster in viremic HIV-1 patients, which contains most of the CD107a+, CCR5+ and CXCR4+ cells. However, this cluster lacks NKG2C expression. Therefore, NK cells can gain CCR5 and CXCR4 by trogocytosis, which depends on degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Nghiem Vo
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (D.-N.V.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Nicolas Leventoux
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS-Montpellier University, UMR9002, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX, 34396 Montpellier, France; (N.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (D.-N.V.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sandrine Gimenez
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS-Montpellier University, UMR9002, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX, 34396 Montpellier, France; (N.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS-Montpellier University, UMR9002, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX, 34396 Montpellier, France; (N.L.); (S.G.)
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Place du Pr Debré, CEDEX, 30029 Nîmes, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (D.-N.V.); (M.C.-M.)
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte-Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.V.)
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8
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Gonzalez VD, Huang YW, Delgado-Gonzalez A, Chen SY, Donoso K, Sachs K, Gentles AJ, Allard GM, Kolahi KS, Howitt BE, Porpiglia E, Fantl WJ. High-grade serous ovarian tumor cells modulate NK cell function to create an immune-tolerant microenvironment. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109632. [PMID: 34469729 PMCID: PMC8546503 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade despite significant frequencies of exhausted T cells. Here we apply mass cytometry and uncover decidual-like natural killer (dl-NK) cell subpopulations (CD56+CD9+CXCR3+KIR+CD3-CD16-) in newly diagnosed HGSC samples that correlate with both tumor and transitioning epithelial-mesenchymal cell abundance. We show different combinatorial expression patterns of ligands for activating and inhibitory NK receptors within three HGSC tumor compartments: epithelial (E), transitioning epithelial-mesenchymal (EV), and mesenchymal (vimentin expressing [V]), with a more inhibitory ligand phenotype in V cells. In cocultures, NK-92 natural killer cells acquire CD9 from HGSC tumor cells by trogocytosis, resulting in reduced anti-tumor cytokine production and cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity in these cocultures is restored with a CD9-blocking antibody or CD9 CRISPR knockout, thereby identifying mechanisms of immune suppression in HGSC. CD9 is widely expressed in HGSC tumors and so represents an important new therapeutic target with immediate relevance for NK immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/immunology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Tetraspanin 29/metabolism
- Trogocytosis
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenyi Donoso
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karen Sachs
- Next Generation Analytics, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Medicine (Quantitative Sciences Unit, Biomedical Informatics) Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grace M Allard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Kolahi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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9
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Reed J, Reichelt M, Wetzel SA. Lymphocytes and Trogocytosis-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1478. [PMID: 34204661 PMCID: PMC8231098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is the intercellular transfer of membrane and membrane-associated molecules. This underappreciated process has been described in a variety of biological settings including neuronal remodeling, fertilization, viral and bacterial spread, and cancer, but has been most widely studied in cells of the immune system. Trogocytosis is performed by multiple immune cell types, including basophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, B cells, γδ T cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells. Although not expressed endogenously, the presence of trogocytosed molecules on cells has the potential to significantly impact an immune response and the biology of the individual trogocytosis-positive cell. Many studies have focused on the ability of the trogocytosis-positive cells to interact with other immune cells and modulate the function of responders. Less understood and arguably equally important is the impact of these molecules on the individual trogocytosis-positive cell. Molecules that have been reported to be trogocytosed by cells include cognate ligands for receptors on the individual cell, such as activating NK cell ligands and MHC:peptide. These trogocytosed molecules have been shown to interact with receptors on the trogocytosis-positive cell and mediate intracellular signaling. In this review, we discuss the impact of this trogocytosis-mediated signaling on the biology of the individual trogocytosis-positive cell by focusing on natural killer cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Reed
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Madison Reichelt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Scott A. Wetzel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (J.R.); (M.R.)
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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10
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Miyake K, Karasuyama H. The Role of Trogocytosis in the Modulation of Immune Cell Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051255. [PMID: 34069602 PMCID: PMC8161413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is an active process, in which one cell extracts the cell fragment from another cell, leading to the transfer of cell surface molecules, together with membrane fragments. Recent reports have revealed that trogocytosis can modulate various biological responses, including adaptive and innate immune responses and homeostatic responses. Trogocytosis is evolutionally conserved from protozoan parasites to eukaryotic cells. In some cases, trogocytosis results in cell death, which is utilized as a mechanism for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). In other cases, trogocytosis-mediated intercellular protein transfer leads to both the acquisition of novel functions in recipient cells and the loss of cellular functions in donor cells. Trogocytosis in immune cells is typically mediated by receptor–ligand interactions, including TCR–MHC interactions and Fcγ receptor-antibody-bound molecule interactions. Additionally, trogocytosis mediates the transfer of MHC molecules to various immune and non-immune cells, which confers antigen-presenting activity on non-professional antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the role of trogocytosis in immune modulation.
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11
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Becker PD, Ratnasothy K, Sen M, Peng Q, Romano M, Bazoer J, Suvitra E, Stout A, Hylton SG, Dorling A, Lechler RI, Smyth LA, Lombardi G. B lymphocytes contribute to indirect pathway T cell sensitization via acquisition of extracellular vesicles. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1415-1426. [PMID: 32483894 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B cells have been implicated in transplant rejection via antibody-mediated mechanisms and more recently by presenting donor antigens to T cells. We have shown in patients with chronic antibody-mediated rejection that B cells control the indirect T cell alloresponses. To understand more about the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells for CD4+ T cell with indirect allospecificity, B cells were depleted in C57BL/6 mice, using an anti-CD20 antibody, prior to receiving MHC class I-mismatched (Kd ) skin. The absence of B cells at the time of transplantation prolonged skin graft survival. To study the mechanisms behind this observation, T cells with indirect allospecificity were transferred in mice receiving a Kd skin transplant. T cell proliferation was markedly inhibited in the absence of recipient B cells, suggesting that B cells contribute to indirect pathway sensitization. Furthermore, we have shown that a possible way in which B cells present alloantigens is via acquisition of MHC-peptide complexes. Finally, we demonstrate that the addition of B cell depletion to the transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with indirect alloresponse further prolonged skin graft survival. This study supports an important role for B cells in indirect T cell priming and further emphasizes the advantage of combination therapies in prolonging transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Becker
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kulachelvy Ratnasothy
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Sen
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Qi Peng
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Romano
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jordan Bazoer
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Erik Suvitra
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Anas Stout
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Shannon G Hylton
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lesley A Smyth
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Dhummakupt A, Siems LV, Singh D, Chen YH, Anderson T, Collinson-Streng A, Zhang H, Patel P, Agwu A, Persaud D. The Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reservoir Resides Primarily in CD32-CD4+ T Cells in Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents With Long-Term Virologic Suppression. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:80-88. [PMID: 30053296 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-level expression of the Fcγ receptor, CD32hi, on CD4+ T cells was associated with enhanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the latent reservoir in a study of adults receiving antiretroviral therapy. We tested the hypothesis that CD32 was the preferential marker of the latent HIV reservoir in virally suppressed, perinatally HIV-infected adolescents. Methods The frequency of CD32hiCD4+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry (N = 5) and the inducible HIV reservoir in both CD32hi and CD32-CD4+ T cells was quantified (N = 4) with a quantitative viral outgrowth assay. Viral outgrowth was measured by the standard p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an ultrasensitive p24 assay (Simoa; Quanterix) with lower limits of quantitation. Results We found a 59.55-fold enrichment in the absolute number of infectious cells in the CD32- population compared with CD32hi cells. Exponential HIV replication occurred exclusively in CD32-CD4+ T cells (mean change, 17.46 pg/mL; P = .04). Induced provirus in CD32hiCD4+ T cells replicated to substantially lower levels, which did not increase significantly over time (mean change, 0.026 pg/mL; P = .23) and were detected only with the Simoa assay. Conclusions Our data suggests that the latent HIV reservoir resides mainly in CD32-CD4+ T cells in virally suppressed, perinatally HIV-infected adolescents, which has implications for reservoir elimination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adit Dhummakupt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lilly V Siems
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dolly Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ya Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thuy Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleisha Collinson-Streng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hao Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Allison Agwu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah Persaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Intercellular Transfer of Oncogenic KRAS via Tunneling Nanotubes Introduces Intracellular Mutational Heterogeneity in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070892. [PMID: 31247990 PMCID: PMC6678395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutated forms of the RAS oncogene drive 30% of all cancers, but they cannot be targeted therapeutically using currently available drugs. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that create a heterogenous tumor environment harboring both mutant and wild-type RAS have not been elucidated. In this study, we examined horizontal transfer of mutant KRAS between colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via a direct form of cell-to-cell communication called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNT formation was significantly higher in CRC cell lines expressing mutant KRAS than CRC cell lines expressing wild-type RAS; this effect was most pronounced in metastatic CRC cell lines with both mutant KRAS and deficiency in mismatch repair proteins. Using inverted and confocal fluorescence time-lapse and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)-based microscopy, we observed GFP-tagged mutant KRASG12D protein trafficking between CRC cells through TNTs within a span of seconds to several minutes. Notably, acquisition of mutant KRAS increased Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and upregulated tunneling nanotube formation in recipient wildtype CRC cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that intercellular horizontal transfer of RAS can occur by TNTs. We propose that intercellular transfer of mutant RAS can potentially induce intratumoral heterogeneity and result in a more invasive phenotype in recipient cells.
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14
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Osuna CE, Lim SY, Kublin JL, Apps R, Chen E, Mota TM, Huang SH, Ren Y, Bachtel ND, Tsibris AM, Ackerman ME, Jones RB, Nixon DF, Whitney JB. Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Nature 2018; 561:E20-E28. [PMID: 30232424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa E Osuna
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - So-Yon Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Kublin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Apps
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elsa Chen
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talia M Mota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Szu-Han Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Bachtel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Athe M Tsibris
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R Brad Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Measuring the ability of HIV-specific antibodies to mediate trogocytosis. J Immunol Methods 2018; 463:71-83. [PMID: 30240705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody Fc effector functions contribute to HIV control and have been implicated in the partial efficacy seen in the RV144 vaccine trial. Fc-mediated trogocytosis has been previously described for anti-cancer antibodies and results in the removal of membrane fragments from target cells. Here we developed a flow cytometry-based assay which measures the transfer of membrane fragments from a gp120-coated CD4+ lymphocytic cell line (CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells stained with a membrane dye PKH26) to monocytic cells (THP-1 cells stained with CFSE). We showed that this transfer occurred rapidly, within 1 h, and was mediated through engagement of the FcγRIIa/b receptors on the THP-1 cells. HIV-specific IgG as well as gp120 and CD4 could be detected on the surface of THP-1 cells in a process that we demonstrated was distinct from phagocytosis. Furthermore, while the THP-1 effector cells remained intact following the receipt of new membrane proteins, the viability of the target CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells decreased over time. Analysis of HIV-specific plasma revealed that antibodies with trogocytic activity were common in acute and chronic HIV infection but were higher in individuals with broadly neutralizing antibody responses We also examined trogocytosis mediated by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting multiple epitopes on the BG505.SOSIP.664 trimer and show that levels of binding correlated with the trogocytosis score. Overall, our data describe a new antiviral Fc effector function mediated by HIV-specific antibodies that could be harnessed for vaccination and cure strategies.
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16
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Boissard F, Tosolini M, Ligat L, Quillet-Mary A, Lopez F, Fournié JJ, Ysebaert L, Poupot M. Nurse-like cells promote CLL survival through LFA-3/CD2 interactions. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52225-52236. [PMID: 28881725 PMCID: PMC5581024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumoral micro-environment (TME) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), nurse-like cells (NLC) are tumor-associated macrophages which play a critical role in the survival and chemoresistance of tumoral cells. This pro-survival activity is known to involve soluble factors, but few data are available on the relative role of cells cross-talk. Here, we used a transcriptome-based approach to systematically investigate the expression of various receptor/ligand pairs at the surface of NLC/CLL cells. Their relative contribution to CLL survival was assessed both by fluorescent microscopy to identify cellular interactions and by the use of functional tests to measure the impact of uncoupling these pairs with blocking monoclonal antibodies. We found for the first time that lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), expressed in CLL at significantly higher levels than in healthy donor B-cells, and CD2 expressed on NLC, were both key for the specific pro-survival signals delivered by NLC. Moreover, we found that NLC/CLL interactions induced the shedding of soluble LFA-3. Importantly, in an exploratory cohort of 60 CLL patients receiving frontline immunochemotherapy, increased levels of soluble LFA-3 were found to correlate with shorter overall survival. Altogether, these data suggest that LFA-3/CD2 interactions promote the survival of CLL cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Boissard
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Pole Technologique CRCT, Plateau Imagerie, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Pole Technologique CRCT, Plateau Imagerie, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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17
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Azghadi SMR, Suciu M, Gruia AT, Barbu-Tudoran L, Cristea MI, Mic AA, Muntean D, Nica DV, Mic FA. Mesenchymal stromal cells support the viability and differentiation of thymocytes through direct contact in autologous co-cultures. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:153-65. [PMID: 27085705 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of thymocytes and generation of mature T cells is a complex process that requires spatio-temporal interactions of thymocytes with the other cells of the thymus microenvironment. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from the neonatal human thymus and differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages, just like their bone marrow counterparts. However, their function in thymocyte homeostasis is unknown. In our autologous co-cultures of rat mesenchymal stromal cells and thymocytes, the stromal cells preserve the viability of cultured thymocytes and stimulate the development of CD4-CD8- double-negative and the maturation of mainly CD4+ single-positive thymocytes. Thymocytes also influence the stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, as their expression of CD44, a marker associated with cellular proliferation and migration, is reduced in co-cultures. Mesenchymal stromal cells' influence on thymocyte development requires direct physical contact between the two cells and is not mediated by a soluble factor. When the two types of cells were physically separated, the stimulative effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on thymocytes did not occur. Electron microscopy confirmed the close contact between the membranes of thymocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells. Our experiments suggest that membrane exchanges could occur between mesenchymal stromal cells and thymocytes, such as the transfer of CD44 from mesenchymal stromal cells to the thymocytes, but its functional significance for thymocytes development remains to be established. These results suggest that mesenchymal stromal cells could normally be a part of the in vivo thymic microenvironment and form a niche that could sustain and guide the development of thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Reza Azghadi
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Suciu
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath St., 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Teodora Gruia
- Regional Center of Immunology of Transplantation, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Center of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirabela Iustina Cristea
- Regional Center of Immunology of Transplantation, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ani Aurora Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- INCD "Victor Babes", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Danina Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Vasile Nica
- Regional Center of Immunology of Transplantation, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Aurel Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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18
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López-Cobo S, Romera-Cárdenas G, García-Cuesta EM, Reyburn HT, Valés-Gómez M. Transfer of the human NKG2D ligands UL16 binding proteins (ULBP) 1-3 is related to lytic granule release and leads to ligand retransfer and killing of ULBP-recipient natural killer cells. Immunology 2015; 146:70-80. [PMID: 25980678 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
After immune interactions, membrane fragments can be transferred between cells. This fast transfer of molecules is transient and shows selectivity for certain proteins; however, the constraints underlying acquisition of a protein are unknown. To characterize the mechanism and functional consequences of this process in natural killer (NK) cells, we have compared the transfer of different NKG2D ligands. We show that human NKG2D ligands can be acquired by NK cells with different efficiencies. The main findings are that NKG2D ligand transfer is related to immune activation and receptor-ligand interaction and that NK cells acquire these proteins during interactions with target cells that lead to degranulation. Our results further demonstrate that NK cells that have acquired NKG2D ligands can stimulate activation of autologous NK cells. Surprisingly, NK cells can also re-transfer the acquired molecule to autologous effector cells during this immune recognition that leads to their death. These data demonstrate that transfer of molecules occurs as a consequence of immune recognition and imply that this process might play a role in homeostatic tuning-down of the immune response or be used as marker of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila López-Cobo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Romera-Cárdenas
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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19
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de Bruyn M, Wiersma VR, Wouters MCA, Samplonius DF, Klip HG, Helfrich W, Nijman HW, Eggleton P, Bremer E. CD20 + T cells have a predominantly Tc1 effector memory phenotype and are expanded in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e999536. [PMID: 26137418 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.999536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a small subset of T cells that expresses the B cell marker CD20 has been identified in healthy volunteers and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The origin of these CD20-positive T cells as well as their relevance in human disease remains unclear. Here, we identified that after functional B cell/T cell interaction CD20 molecules are transferred to the cell surface of T cells by trogocytosis together with the established trogocytosis marker HLA-DR. Further, the presence of CD20 on isolated CD20+ T cells remained stable for up to 48h of ex vivo culture. These CD20+ T cells almost exclusively produced IFNγ (∼70% vs. ∼20% in the CD20- T cell population) and were predominantly (CD8+) effector memory T cells (∼60-70%). This IFNγ producing and effector memory phenotype was also determined for CD20+ T cells as detected in the peripheral blood and ascitic fluids of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. In the latter, the percentage of CD20+ T cells was further strongly increased (from ∼6% in peripheral blood to 23% in ascitic fluid). Taken together, the data presented here indicate that CD20 is transferred to T cells upon intimate T cell/B cell interaction. Further, CD20+ T cells are of memory and IFNγ producing phenotype and are present in increased amounts in ascitic fluid of OC patients.
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Key Words
- APC, Antigen-Presenting Cell
- Ascites
- CD20
- CTL, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte
- FSC, Forward Scatter
- OC, Ovarian Cancer
- PBMC, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell
- Regulatory T cell
- SCC, Side Scatter
- TC, Cytotoxic T cell
- TCM, Central Memory T cell
- TEM, Effector Memory T cell
- TH, Helper T cell
- TIL, Tumor Infiltrating T cell
- TNaïve, Naïve T cell
- TTD, Terminally Differentiated T cell
- Treg
- cancer immunology
- ovarian cancer
- trogocytosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Surgical Research Laboratory; Department of Surgery; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Maartje C A Wouters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Samplonius
- Surgical Research Laboratory; Department of Surgery; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Surgical Research Laboratory; Department of Surgery; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands
| | - Paul Eggleton
- St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School ; Exeter, Devon, UK ; Department of Biochemistry; University of Alberta ; Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Surgical Research Laboratory; Department of Surgery; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen ; The Netherlands ; St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School ; Exeter, Devon, UK
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Miner CA, Giri TK, Meyer CE, Shabsovich M, Tripathy SK. Acquisition of activation receptor ligand by trogocytosis renders NK cells hyporesponsive. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1945-53. [PMID: 25582853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because NK cells secrete cytotoxic granules and cytokines that can destroy surrounding cells and help shape the subsequent immune response, they must be kept under tight control. Several mechanisms, at different levels, are in place to control NK cell function. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism regulating NK cell function in which NK cells acquire ligands for activating receptors from target cells by trogocytosis, rendering the NK cells hyporesponsive. In this model, murine NK cells acquire m157, the murine CMV-encoded ligand for the Ly49H-activating receptor, from target cells both in vitro and in vivo. Although acquisition of m157 requires cell-to-cell contact, it does not require the expression of the Ly49H receptor by the NK cell. Acquired m157 protein is expressed on the NK cell surface with a glycosylphosphatidylinisotol linkage and interacts with the Ly49H receptor expressed on the NK cell. This interaction results in blocking the Ly49H receptor that prevents the NK cells from recognizing m157-expressing targets and continuous engagement of the Ly49H-activating receptor, which results in the hyporesponsiveness of the Ly49H(+) NK cell to stimulation through other activating receptors. Thus, NK cell acquisition of a ligand for an activation receptor by trogocytosis renders them hyporesponsive. This mechanism, by which mature NK cell function can be altered, has important implications in regard to how NK cells respond to tumors in specific microenvironments as well as the use of expanded NK cells in treating various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine A Miner
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Tusar K Giri
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Claire E Meyer
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mark Shabsovich
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sandeep K Tripathy
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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21
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Nagel A, Möbs C, Raifer H, Wiendl H, Hertl M, Eming R. CD3-positive B cells: a storage-dependent phenomenon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110138. [PMID: 25329048 PMCID: PMC4199681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of clinical studies requires extensive management of human specimen including e.g. overnight shipping of blood samples in order to convey the samples in a central laboratory or to simultaneously analyze large numbers of patients. Storage of blood samples for periods of time before in vitro/ex vivo testing is known to influence the antigen expression on the surface of lymphocytes. In this context, the present results show for the first time that the T cell antigen CD3 can be substantially detected on the surface of human B cells after ex vivo storage and that the degree of this phenomenon critically depends on temperature and duration after blood withdrawal. The appearance of CD3 on the B cell surface seems to be a result of contact-dependent antigen exchange between T and B lymphocytes and is not attributed to endogenous production by B cells. Since cellular subsets are often classified by phenotypic analyses, our results indicate that ex vivo cellular classification in peripheral blood might result in misleading interpretations. Therefore, in order to obtain results reflecting the in vivo situation, it is suggested to minimize times of ex vivo blood storage after isolation of PBMC. Moreover, to enable reproducibility of results between different research groups and multicenter studies, we would emphasize the necessity to specify and standardize the storage conditions, which might be the basis of particular findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nagel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
T cell activation is a key event in the adaptive immune response and vital to the generation of both cellular and humoral immunity. Activation is required not only for effective CD4 T cell responses but also to provide help for B cells and the generation of cytotoxic T cell responses. Unsurprisingly, impaired T cell activation results in infectious pathology, whereas dysregulated activation can result in autoimmunity. The decision to activate is therefore tightly regulated and the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway represents this apical decision point at the molecular level. In particular, CTLA-4 (CD152) is an essential checkpoint control for autoimmunity; however, the molecular mechanism(s) by which CTLA-4 achieves its regulatory function are not well understood, especially how it functionally intersects with the CD28 pathway. In this chapter, we review the established molecular and cellular concepts relating to CD28 and CTLA-4 biology, and attempt to integrate these by discussing the transendocytosis of ligands as a new model of CTLA-4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagoje Soskic
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiezheng Hou
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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23
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Goldstein I, Rainy N, Rechavi O, Kloog Y. Intercellular transfer of Ras: implications for immunity. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:7-8. [PMID: 24231770 PMCID: PMC3925737 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Goldstein
- Sheba Cancer Research Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Rainy
- Department of Neurobiology; The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Oded Rechavi
- Department of Neurobiology; The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology; The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv, Israel
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24
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Possible implication of Fc γ receptor-mediated trogocytosis in susceptibility to systemic autoimmune disease. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:345745. [PMID: 24093044 PMCID: PMC3777198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/345745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes can “gnaw away” the plasma membrane of other cells. This phenomenon, called trogocytosis, occurs subsequent to cell-to-cell adhesion. Currently, two mechanisms of trogocytosis, adhesion molecule-mediated trogocytosis and Fcγ receptor-(FcγR-) mediated trogocytosis, have been identified. In our earlier study, we established an in vitro model of FcγR-mediated trogocytosis, namely, CD8 translocation model from T cells to neutrophils. By using this model, we demonstrated that the molecules transferred to neutrophils via FcγR-mediated trogocytosis were taken into the cytoplasm immediately. This result suggests that the chance of molecules transferred via FcγR-mediated trogocytosis to play a role on the cell surface could be time-limited. Thus, we consider the physiological role of FcγR-mediated trogocytosis as a means to remove antibodies (Abs) that bind with self-molecules rather than to extract molecules from other cells. This concept means that FcγR-mediated trogocytosis can be a defense mechanism to Ab-mediated autoimmune response. Moreover, the activity of FcγR-mediated trogocytosis was revealed to be parallel to the endocytotic activity of neutrophils, which was critically related to the susceptibility to systemic autoimmune diseases. The collective findings suggest that FcγR-mediated trogocytosis could physiologically play a role in removal of Abs bound to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune diseases.
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25
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Rainy N, Chetrit D, Rouger V, Vernitsky H, Rechavi O, Marguet D, Goldstein I, Ehrlich M, Kloog Y. H-Ras transfers from B to T cells via tunneling nanotubes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e726. [PMID: 23868059 PMCID: PMC3730418 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes form cell-cell connections by various mechanisms, including intercellular networks through actin-supported long-range plasma membrane (PM) extensions, termed tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). In this study, we tested in vitro whether TNTs form between human antigen-presenting B cells and T cells following cell contact and whether they enable the transfer of PM-associated proteins, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged H-Ras (GFP-H-Ras). To address this question, we employed advanced techniques, including cell trapping by optical tweezers and live-cell imaging by 4D spinning-disk confocal microscopy. First, we showed that TNTs can form after optically trapped conjugated B and T cells are being pulled apart. Next, we determined by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching that GFP-H-Ras diffuses freely in the membrane of TNTs that form spontaneously between B and T cells during coculturing. Importantly, by 4D time-lapse imaging, we showed that GFP-H-Ras-enriched PM patches accumulate at the junction between TNTs and the T-cell body and subsequently transfer to the T-cell surface. Furthermore, the PM patches adopted by T cells were enriched for another B-cell-derived transmembrane receptor, CD86. As predicted, the capacity of GFP-H-Ras to transfer between B and T cells, during coculturing, was dependent on its normal post-transcriptional lipidation and consequent PM anchorage. In summary, our data indicate that TNTs connecting B and T cells provide a hitherto undescribed route for the transfer of PM patches containing, for example, H-Ras from B to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rainy
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D Chetrit
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - V Rouger
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - H Vernitsky
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Rechavi
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D Marguet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - I Goldstein
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Y Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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26
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Osborne DG, Wetzel SA. Trogocytosis results in sustained intracellular signaling in CD4(+) T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4728-39. [PMID: 23066151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells capture membrane and membrane-bound molecules from APCs directly from the immunological synapse in a process termed trogocytosis. The function and biological consequences of trogocytosis are largely unknown. In this study, we examine the biological significance of this phenomenon on the trogocytosis-positive T cell. We used murine fibroblasts expressing GFP-tagged I-E(k) molecules loaded with a covalently attached antigenic peptide (moth cytochrome c 88-103) to present Ag to primary TCR transgenic T cells. Using a combination of high-resolution light microscopy and flow cytometry, we show that the trogocytosed molecules are retained on the surface of the T cell in association with the TCR and elevated phosphorylated ZAP-70, phosphorylated tyrosine, and phosphorylated ERK 1/2. Through the use of the Src inhibitor PP2, we demonstrate that trogocytosed molecules directly sustain TCR signaling. In addition, after removal of APC, trogocytosis-positive cells preferentially survive in culture over several days. These novel findings suggest that trogocytosed molecules continue to engage their receptors on the T cell surface and sustain intracellular signaling leading to selective survival of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Osborne
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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27
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Vernitsky H, Rechavi O, Rainy N, Besser MJ, Nagar M, Schachter J, Lerenthal Y, Ehrlich M, Kloog Y, Goldstein I. Ras Oncoproteins Transfer from Melanoma Cells to T Cells and Modulate Their Effector Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4361-70. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Luchetti F, Canonico B, Arcangeletti M, Guescini M, Cesarini E, Stocchi V, Degli Esposti M, Papa S. Fas signalling promotes intercellular communication in T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35766. [PMID: 22558220 PMCID: PMC3338457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is a fundamental process for development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Diverse mechanisms for the exchange of molecular information between cells have been documented, such as the exchange of membrane fragments (trogocytosis), formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and release of microvesicles (MVs). In this study we assign to Fas signalling a pivotal role for intercellular communication in CD4+ T cells. Binding of membrane-bound FasL to Fas expressing target cells triggers a well-characterized pro-apoptotic signalling cascade. However, our results, pairing up flow cytometric studies with confocal microscopy data, highlight a new social dimension for Fas/FasL interactions between CD4+ T cells. Indeed, FasL enhances the formation of cell conjugates (8 fold of increase) in an early time-frame of stimulation (30 min), and this phenomenon appears to be a crucial step to prime intercellular communication. Our findings show that this communication mainly proceeds along a cytosolic material exchange (ratio of exchange >10, calculated as ratio of stimulated cells signal divided by that recorded in control cells) via TNTs and MVs release. In particular, inhibition of TNTs genesis by pharmacological agents (Latruculin A and Nocodazole) markedly reduced this exchange (inhibition percentage: >40% and >50% respectively), suggesting a key role for TNTs in CD4+ T cells communication. Although MVs are present in supernatants from PHA-activated T cells, Fas treatment also leads to a significant increase in the amount of released MVs. In fact, the co-culture performed between MVs and untreated cells highlights a higher presence of MVs in the medium (1.4 fold of increase) and a significant MVs uptake (6 fold of increase) by untreated T lymphocytes. We conclude that Fas signalling induces intercellular communication in CD4+ T cells by different mechanisms that seem to start concomitantly with the main pathway (programmed cell death) promoted by FasL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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29
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Qureshi OS, Zheng Y, Nakamura K, Attridge K, Manzotti C, Schmidt EM, Baker J, Jeffery LE, Kaur S, Briggs Z, Hou TZ, Futter CE, Anderson G, Walker LS, Sansom DM. Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4. Science 2011; 332:600-3. [PMID: 21474713 PMCID: PMC3198051 DOI: 10.1126/science.1202947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1217] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of T cell immune responses whose mechanism of action is the subject of debate. CTLA-4 shares two ligands (CD80 and CD86) with a stimulatory receptor, CD28. Here, we show that CTLA-4 can capture its ligands from opposing cells by a process of trans-endocytosis. After removal, these costimulatory ligands are degraded inside CTLA-4-expressing cells, resulting in impaired costimulation via CD28. Acquisition of CD86 from antigen-presenting cells is stimulated by T cell receptor engagement and observed in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal a mechanism of immune regulation in which CTLA-4 acts as an effector molecule to inhibit CD28 costimulation by the cell-extrinsic depletion of ligands, accounting for many of the known features of the CD28-CTLA-4 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Qureshi
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yong Zheng
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kesley Attridge
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Manzotti
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emily M. Schmidt
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer Baker
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louisa E. Jeffery
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Satdip Kaur
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zoe Briggs
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tie Z. Hou
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lucy S.K. Walker
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David M. Sansom
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Martinez E, Brzostowski JA, Long EO, Gross CC. Cutting edge: NKG2D-dependent cytotoxicity is controlled by ligand distribution in the target cell membrane. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5538-42. [PMID: 21464092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of membrane microdomains in receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes has been established, much less is known about the role of receptor ligand distribution on APC and target cells. Detergent-resistant membrane domains, into which GPI-linked proteins partition, are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. ULBP1 is a GPI-linked ligand for natural cytotoxicity receptor NKG2D. To investigate how ULBP1 distribution on target cells affects NKG2D-dependent NK cell activation, we fused the extracellular domain of ULBP1 to the transmembrane domain of CD45. Introduction of this transmembrane domain eliminated the association of ULBP1 with the detergent-resistant membrane fraction and caused a significant reduction of cytotoxicity and degranulation by NK cells. Clustering and lateral diffusion of ULBP1 was not affected by changes in the membrane anchor. These results show that the partitioning of receptor ligands in discrete membrane domains of target cells is an important determinant of NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Martinez
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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31
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Dynamics of macrophage trogocytosis of rituximab-coated B cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14498. [PMID: 21264210 PMCID: PMC3022012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can remove antigen from the surface of antibody-coated cells by a process termed trogocytosis. Using live cell microscopy and flow cytometry, we investigated the dynamics of trogocytosis by RAW264.7 macrophages of Ramos B cells opsonized with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Spontaneous and reversible formation of uropods was observed on Ramos cells, and these showed a strong enrichment in rituximab binding. RAW-Ramos conjugate interfaces were highly enriched in rituximab, and transfer of rituximab to the RAW cells in submicron-sized puncta occurred shortly after cell contact. Membrane from the target cells was concomitantly transferred along with rituximab to a variable extent. We established a flow cytometry-based approach to follow the kinetics of transfer and internalization of rituximab. Disruption of actin polymerization nearly eliminated transfer, while blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity only resulted in a delay in its acquisition. Inhibition of Src family kinase activity both slowed acquisition and reduced the extent of trogocytosis. The effects of inhibiting these kinases are likely due to their role in efficient formation of cell-cell conjugates. Selective pre-treatment of Ramos cells with phenylarsine oxide blocked uropod formation, reduced enrichment of rituximab at cell-cell interfaces, and reduced the efficiency of trogocytic transfer of rituximab. Our findings highlight that dynamic changes in target cell shape and surface distribution of antigen may significantly influence the progression and extent of trogocytosis. Understanding the mechanistic determinants of macrophage trogocytosis will be important for optimal design of antibody therapies.
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32
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Trans-SILAC: sorting out the non-cell-autonomous proteome. Nat Methods 2010; 7:923-7. [PMID: 20935649 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-cell-autonomous proteins are incorporated into cells that form tight contacts or are invaded by bacteria, but identifying the full repertoire of transferred proteins has been a challenge. Here we introduce a quantitative proteomics approach to sort out non-cell-autonomous proteins synthesized by other cells or intracellular pathogens. Our approach combines stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), high-purity cell sorting and bioinformatics analysis to identify the repertoire of relevant non-cell-autonomous proteins. This 'trans-SILAC' method allowed us to discover many proteins transferred from human B to natural killer cells and to measure biosynthesis rates of Salmonella enterica proteins in infected human cells. Trans-SILAC should be a useful method to examine protein exchange between different cells of multicellular organisms or pathogen and host.
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