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Nie HY, Ge J, Liu KG, Yue Y, Li H, Lin HG, Yan HF, Zhang T, Sun HW, Yang JW, Zhou JL, Cui Y. The effects of microgravity on stem cells and the new insights it brings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:1-17. [PMID: 38670635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques may undergo modifications in the future, as life scientists have widely acknowledged the ability of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems to accurately simulate in vivo biology. In recent years, researchers have discovered that microgravity devices can address many challenges associated with 3D cell culture. Stem cells, being pluripotent cells, are regarded as a promising resource for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D culture in microgravity devices can effectively guide stem cells towards differentiation and facilitate the formation of functional tissue, thereby exhibiting advantages within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, We delineate the impact of microgravity on the biological behavior of various types of stem cells, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing these alterations. These findings offer exciting prospects for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hai-Guan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
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Ranjan T, Sengupta S, Glantz MJ, Green RM, Yu A, Aregawi D, Chaudhary R, Chen R, Zuccarello M, Lu-Emerson C, Moulding HD, Belman N, Glass J, Mammoser A, Anderson M, Valluri J, Marko N, Schroeder J, Jubelirer S, Chow F, Claudio PP, Alberico AM, Lirette ST, Denning KL, Howard CM. Cancer stem cell assay-guided chemotherapy improves survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma in a randomized trial. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101025. [PMID: 37137304 PMCID: PMC10213810 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to the poor clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) who fail standard of care (SOC) therapy. ChemoID is a clinically validated assay for identifying CSC-targeted cytotoxic therapies in solid tumors. In a randomized clinical trial (NCT03632135), the ChemoID assay, a personalized approach for selecting the most effective treatment from FDA-approved chemotherapies, improves the survival of patients with rGBM (2016 WHO classification) over physician-chosen chemotherapy. In the ChemoID assay-guided group, median survival is 12.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.2-14.7) compared with 9 months (95% CI, 4.2-13.8) in the physician-choice group (p = 0.010) as per interim efficacy analysis. The ChemoID assay-guided group has a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.81; p = 0.008). Results of this study offer a promising way to provide more affordable treatment for patients with rGBM in lower socioeconomic groups in the US and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Ranjan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center Southern Florida, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Neuroscience Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Richard M Green
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawit Aregawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Neuroscience Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rekha Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ricky Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Providence Brain & Spine Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mario Zuccarello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Hugh D Moulding
- Department of Neuroscience, St. Luke's University Hospital & Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Neil Belman
- Department of Neuroscience, St. Luke's University Hospital & Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Jon Glass
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Mammoser
- Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Marko
- Department of Neurosurgery, LewisGale Regional Health System, Salem, VA, USA
| | - Jason Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven Jubelirer
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Cordgenics, LLC, Huntington WV, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Anthony M Alberico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Candace M Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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3
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Akhtar MR, Mondal MNI, Rana HK. Bioinformatics approach to identify the impacts of microgravity on the development of bone and joint diseases. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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4
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Dick M, Jamal H, Liu YR, Celli JP, Lilge L. On the need for standardized reporting of photophysical parameters of in vitro photodynamic therapy studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103263. [PMID: 36587862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro dose escalation experiments are one of the first gatekeepers in therapeutic evaluation and development. This also holds for evaluating novel photosensitizers (PS) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) co-therapies as needed to provide dose response guidelines before engaging in further pre-clinical studies. The dose needed to achieve 50% cell kill (LD50) is a standard metric to report the potency of a therapeutic agents that is widely accepted for single-drug therapies. In reporting results of PDT experiments, which involve delivery of both drug and light, it is inherently more complicated to identify such a convenient dose response metric that actually captures the larger space of treatment parameters. In addition to ubiquitous sources of biological variability that apply broadly in biomedical research, PDT treatment efficacy is determined by multiple key parameters that may or may not have been documented, including PS concentration and light fluence, where the latter is itself a function of the spectral properties of the light source used (often not described), not to mention dose rate, fractionation and other parameters that potentially vary between individual studies. It is impossible to compare results between two study when, for example one reports LD50 PS concentration without providing essential light dosimetry details. Motivated by this challenge in comparing outcomes and establishing reproducibility of in vitro PDT studies, we endeavored to perform a meta-analysis of the reporting of PDT results by converting, where possible, the disparately reported experimental details into a consistent metric that could be used to compare across studies. In this context we adopt here the number of photons absorbed by photosensitizers per unit volume to affect a 50% decline in cell survival as a standardized metric. By choosing this metric one can acknowledge the quantum-based generation of cytotoxins. While this metric does not cover every possible source of variability between any two studies, for a PS with known optical properties, this does encapsulate PS concentration as well as irradiance and spectral properties of light delivered. For the sake of focus we adopt this approach for study of reported results with two photosensitizers, Protoporphyrin IX, either synthesized in the cells by aminolevulinic acid or administered exogenously, and Chlorin e6. A literature search was performed to identify in vitro studies with these two photosensitizers and collect necessary information to calculate the absorbed photon LD50 threshold for each study. Only approximately 1/10 of the manuscripts reporting on in vitro studies provide the minimum required information to calculate the threshold values. While the majority of the determined threshold values are within a factor of 10, the range of threshold values spanned close to 7 orders of magnitude for both photosensitizers. To contrast with single-agent therapies, a similar exercise was performed for chemotherapeutic drugs targeting cellular mitosis or tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulted in an LD50 or IC50 range of 1-2 orders of magnitude, with LD50 or IC50 values for a single cell line being within a factor of 5. This review underscores challenges in the reporting of in vitro PDT efficacy. In many cases it takes considerable effort to extract the necessary methodology information to make meaningful comparison between PDT studies. Only when results between studies can be compared is it possible to begin to assess reproducibility which, as shown here, can be a major issue. Hence, guidelines need to be developed and enforced through the peer review process for meaningful reporting of preclinical PDT results in order for the most promising sensitizers and co-therapies to be identified and translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hunain Jamal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Ran Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan P Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Marfia G, Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Locatelli M, Miozzo M, Perelli P, Della Morte G, Catamo L, Tondo P, Campanella C, Lucertini M, Ciniglio Appiani G, Landolfi A, Garzia E. Space flight and central nervous system: Friends or enemies? Challenges and opportunities for neuroscience and neuro-oncology. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1649-1663. [PMID: 35678198 PMCID: PMC9544848 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Space environment provides many challenges to pilots, astronauts, and space scientists, which are constantly subjected to unique conditions, including microgravity, radiations, hypoxic condition, absence of the day and night cycle, etc. These stressful stimuli have the potential to affect many human physiological systems, triggering physical and biological adaptive changes to re‐establish the homeostatic state. A particular concern regards the risks for the effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system (CNS), as several lines of evidence reported a great impact on neuroplasticity, cognitive functions, neurovestibular system, short‐term memory, cephalic fluid shift, reduction in motor function, and psychological disturbances, especially during long‐term missions. Aside these potential detrimental effects, the other side of the coin reflects the potential benefit of applicating space‐related conditions on Earth‐based life sciences, as cancer research. Here, we focused on examining the effect of real and simulated microgravity on CNS functions, both in humans and in cellular models, browsing the different techniques to experience or mime microgravity on‐ground. Increasing evidence demonstrate that cancer cells, and brain cancer cells in particular, are negatively affected by microgravity, in terms of alteration in cell morphology, proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, representing an advancing novel side of space‐based investigations. Overall, deeper understandings about the mechanisms by which space environment influences CNS and tumor biology may be promisingly translated into many clinical fields, ranging from aerospace medicine to neuroscience and oncology, representing an enormous pool of knowledge for the implementation of countermeasures and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Perelli
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Della Morte
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Catamo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Tondo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Campanella
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Garzia
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
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Extraterrestrial Gynecology: Could Spaceflight Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Female Astronauts? An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137465. [PMID: 35806469 PMCID: PMC9267413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been shown to have an impact on established cancer hallmarks, possibly increasing carcinogenic risk. Terrestrially, women have a higher incidence of radiation-induced cancers, largely driven by lung, thyroid, breast, and ovarian cancers, and therefore, historically, they have been permitted to spend significantly less time in space than men. In the present review, we focus on the effects of microgravity and radiation on the female reproductive system, particularly gynecological cancer. The aim is to provide a summary of the research that has been carried out related to the risk of gynecological cancer, highlighting what further studies are needed to pave the way for safer exploration class missions, as well as postflight screening and management of women astronauts following long-duration spaceflight.
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7
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The Fight against Cancer by Microgravity: The Multicellular Spheroid as a Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063073. [PMID: 35328492 PMCID: PMC8953941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease exhibiting uncontrollable cell growth and spreading to other parts of the organism. It is a heavy, worldwide burden for mankind with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, groundbreaking research and innovations are necessary. Research in space under microgravity (µg) conditions is a novel approach with the potential to fight cancer and develop future cancer therapies. Space travel is accompanied by adverse effects on our health, and there is a need to counteract these health problems. On the cellular level, studies have shown that real (r-) and simulated (s-) µg impact survival, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and adhesion as well as the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and growth factors in cancer cells. Moreover, the µg-environment induces in vitro 3D tumor models (multicellular spheroids and organoids) with a high potential for preclinical drug targeting, cancer drug development, and studying the processes of cancer progression and metastasis on a molecular level. This review focuses on the effects of r- and s-µg on different types of cells deriving from thyroid, breast, lung, skin, and prostate cancer, as well as tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of µg on cancerous stem cells. The information demonstrates that µg has become an important new technology for increasing current knowledge of cancer biology.
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Morand du Puch CB, Vanderstraete M, Giraud S, Lautrette C, Christou N, Mathonnet M. Benefits of functional assays in personalized cancer medicine: more than just a proof-of-concept. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9538-9556. [PMID: 34646385 PMCID: PMC8490527 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As complex and heterogeneous diseases, cancers require a more tailored therapeutic management than most pathologies. Recent advances in anticancer drug development, including the immuno-oncology revolution, have been too often plagued by unsatisfying patient response rates and survivals. In reaction to this, cancer care has fully transitioned to the “personalized medicine” concept. Numerous tools are now available tools to better adapt treatments to the profile of each patient. They encompass a large array of diagnostic assays, based on biomarkers relevant to targetable molecular pathways. As a subfamily of such so-called companion diagnostics, chemosensitivity and resistance assays represent an attractive, yet insufficiently understood, approach to individualize treatments. They rely on the assessment of a composite biomarker, the ex vivo functional response of cancer cells to drugs, to predict a patient's outcome. Systemic treatments, such as chemotherapies, as well as targeted treatments, whose efficacy cannot be fully predicted yet by other diagnostic tests, may be assessed through these means. The results can provide helpful information to assist clinicians in their decision-making process. We explore here the most advanced functional assays across oncology indications, with an emphasis on tests already displaying a convincing clinical demonstration. We then recapitulate the main technical obstacles faced by researchers and clinicians to produce more accurate, and thus more predictive, models and the recent advances that have been developed to circumvent them. Finally, we summarize the regulatory and quality frameworks surrounding functional assays to ensure their safe and performant clinical implementation. Functional assays are valuable in vitro diagnostic tools that already stand beyond the “proof-of-concept” stage. Clinical studies show they have a major role to play by themselves but also in conjunction with molecular diagnostics. They now need a final lift to fully integrate the common armament used against cancers, and thus make their way into the clinical routine.
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Howard CM, Bush S, Zgheib NB, Lirette ST, Cortese A, Mollo A, Valluri J, Claudio PP. Cancer Stem Cell Assay for the Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. HSOA JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & THERAPY 2021; 7:076. [PMID: 34796266 PMCID: PMC8597976 DOI: 10.24966/srdt-2060/100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease recurrence and progression of ovarian cancer is a common event, which is accompanied by the development of platinum-resistant or refractory disease. The presence of chemo-resistant Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor propagation, maintenance, and treatment resistance of this difficult to treat disease. We have developed ChemoID, a cytotoxic synergy assay against CSCs that identifies the most effective chemotherapy treatment from a panel of FDA-approved chemotherapies using fresh cancer biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ascites or interventional radiology biopsies were collected under physician order from 78 consecutive patients affected by 3rd relapsed ovarian cancer. Test results from the assay were used when possible to treat patients with the highest cell kill drugs, taking into consideration their health status and using dose reductions, if needed. A chart analysis and review of CT and PET scans were performed to determine patients' outcomes for tumor response, Progression-Free Survival (PFS), and Overall Survival (OS). RESULTS We observed that recurrent ovarian cancer patients treated with high-cell kill chemotherapy agents guided by the CSCs drug response assay had an improvement in their median PFS and OS when compared to historical median PFS and OS and/or when compared to patients who could not receive high cell kill chemotherapies (PFS low cell kill 3.5 months vs. high cell kill 12.0 months; OS low cell kill 6.0 months vs. high cell kill 15.0 months). CONCLUSION This data indicates that the drug cytotoxicity assay aimed at targeting CSCs may be a useful tool for optimizing treatment selection when first-line therapy fails, and when there are multiple clinically-acceptable and -equivalent treatments available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Stephen Bush
- Gynecologic Oncology, Charleston Area Medical Center Hospital, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Nadim Bou Zgheib
- Gynecologic Oncology, Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center & Research Institute, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Ulukaya E, Karakas D, Dimas K. Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:636. [PMID: 34205407 PMCID: PMC8234301 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays' results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
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11
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Su CY, Huang GC, Chang YC, Chen YJ, Fang HW. Analyzing the Expression of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. In Vivo 2021; 35:1545-1548. [PMID: 33910833 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM CD44 and CD133 have been implicated as biomarkers of cancer cells and their expression could be analyzed to identify circulating tumor cells. Although CD44 and CD133 have been shown to be expressed in prostate cancer cells, a differential expression pattern has been reported depending on the tumor stage and cell line examined. We further investigated CD44 and CD133 expression in different prostate cancer cell lines to confirm whether their expression is distinguishable among patients with various tumor stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS CWR22Rv1, PC3, LNCaP, and DU145 cell lines were cultured and the cell morphology was observed for three days. The single expression of CD44 or CD133 and their combined expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We report that the single expression of CD133 was less than 5% in all cell lines examined here. PC3 and DU145 cells displayed a high expression of CD44 (>93%), while the expression of CD44 was less than 4% in CWR22Rv1 and LNCaP cells. CWR22Rv1 was the only cell line that demonstrated a high co-expression of both CD44 and CD133. CONCLUSION Both single and combined expression of CD44 and CD133 should be considered when validating the detection of prostate cancer cells in circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gwo-Che Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - You-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Microgravity, Stem Cells, and Cancer: A New Hope for Cancer Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5566872. [PMID: 34007284 PMCID: PMC8102114 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are integrated with the environment where they live. Gravitational force plays an important role in shaping the universe, lives, and even cellular biological processes. Research in the last 40 years has shown how exposure to microgravity changes biological processes. Microgravity has been shown to have significant effects on cellular proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, migration, and gene expression, specifically in tumor cells, and these effects may also exist in stem and cancer stem cells. It has also been shown that microgravity changes the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Although studies have been carried out in a simulated microgravity environment in cell culture lines, there are few animal experiments or true microgravity studies. Cancer remains one of the most significant problems worldwide. Despite advances in medical science, no definitive strategies have been found for the prevention of cancer formation or to inform treatment. Thus, the microgravity environment is a potential new therapeutic strategy for future cancer treatment. This review will focus on current knowledge on the impact of the microgravity environment on cancer cells, stem cells, and the biological behavior of cancer stem cells.
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13
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Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Monolayer and Neurospheres from Established Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061327. [PMID: 33809510 PMCID: PMC8001840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastomas are very aggressive tumours without efficient treatment, where cancer stem-like cells are thought to be responsible for relapse. This pilot study investigated the metabolic discrepancies between monolayer and neurosphere cultures of two glioblastoma cell lines using transcriptomics and metabolomics. We show that the two culture systems display substantial differences regarding their metabolome and transcriptome. Specifically, we found that metabolic reactions connected to arginine biosynthesis are crucial to support the different metabolic needs of neurospheres from the two cell lines. By identifying metabolic vulnerabilities in different glioblastoma subpopulations, new therapeutic strategies may be emerging that can be explored to treat this disease. Moreover, this data set may be of great value as a resource for the scientific community. Abstract Altered metabolic processes contribute to carcinogenesis by modulating proliferation, survival and differentiation. Tumours are composed of different cell populations, with cancer stem-like cells being one of the most prominent examples. This specific pool of cells is thought to be responsible for cancer growth and recurrence and plays a particularly relevant role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal form of primary brain tumours. Here, we have analysed the transcriptome and metabolome of an established GBM cell line (U87) and a patient-derived GBM stem-like cell line (NCH644) exposed to neurosphere or monolayer culture conditions. By integrating transcriptome and metabolome data, we identified key metabolic pathways and gene signatures that are associated with stem-like and differentiated states in GBM cells, and demonstrated that neurospheres and monolayer cells differ substantially in their metabolism and gene regulation. Furthermore, arginine biosynthesis was identified as the most significantly regulated pathway in neurospheres, although individual nodes of this pathway were distinctly regulated in the two cellular systems. Neurosphere conditions, as opposed to monolayer conditions, cause a transcriptomic and metabolic rewiring that may be crucial for the regulation of stem-like features, where arginine biosynthesis may be a key metabolic pathway. Additionally, TCGA data from GBM patients showed significant regulation of specific components of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, providing further evidence for the importance of this metabolic pathway in GBM.
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Sistigu A, Musella M, Galassi C, Vitale I, De Maria R. Tuning Cancer Fate: Tumor Microenvironment's Role in Cancer Stem Cell Quiescence and Reawakening. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2166. [PMID: 33193295 PMCID: PMC7609361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dormancy is a common feature of human tumors and represents a major clinical barrier to the long-term efficacy of anticancer therapies. Dormant cancer cells, either in primary tumors or disseminated in secondary organs, may reawaken and relapse into a more aggressive disease. The mechanisms underpinning dormancy entry and exit strongly resemble those governing cancer cell stemness and include intrinsic and contextual cues. Cellular and molecular components of the tumor microenvironment persistently interact with cancer cells. This dialog is highly dynamic, as it evolves over time and space, strongly cooperates with intrinsic cell nets, and governs cancer cell features (like quiescence and stemness) and fate (survival and outgrowth). Therefore, there is a need for deeper insight into the biology of dormant cancer (stem) cells and the mechanisms regulating the equilibrium quiescence-versus-proliferation are vital in our pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer from recurring. Here, we review and discuss microenvironmental regulations of cancer dormancy and its parallels with cancer stemness, and offer insights into the therapeutic strategies adopted to prevent a lethal recurrence, by either eradicating resident dormant cancer (stem) cells or maintaining them in a dormant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sistigu
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo (TO), Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Carotenuto P, Hedayat S, Fassan M, Cardinale V, Lampis A, Guzzardo V, Vicentini C, Scarpa A, Cascione L, Costantini D, Carpino G, Alvaro D, Ghidini M, Trevisani F, Te Poele R, Salati M, Ventura S, Vlachogiannis G, Hahne JC, Boulter L, Forbes SJ, Guest RV, Cillo U, Said‐Huntingford I, Begum R, Smyth E, Michalarea V, Cunningham D, Rimassa L, Santoro A, Roncalli M, Kirkin V, Clarke P, Workman P, Valeri N, Braconi C. Modulation of Biliary Cancer Chemo-Resistance Through MicroRNA-Mediated Rewiring of the Expansion of CD133+ Cells. Hepatology 2020; 72:982-996. [PMID: 31879968 PMCID: PMC7590111 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in single microRNA (miRNA) expression have been associated with chemo-resistance in biliary tract cancers (BTCs). However, a global assessment of the dynamic role of the microRNome has never been performed to identify potential therapeutic targets that are functionally relevant in the BTC cell response to chemotherapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS High-throughput screening (HTS) of 997 locked nucleic acid miRNA inhibitors was performed in six cholangiocarcinoma cell lines treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine (CG) seeking changes in cell viability. Validation experiments were performed with mirVana probes. MicroRNA and gene expression was assessed by TaqMan assay, RNA-sequencing, and in situ hybridization in four independent cohorts of human BTCs. Knockout of microRNA was achieved by CRISPR-CAS9 in CCLP cells (MIR1249KO) and tested for effects on chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. HTS revealed that MIR1249 inhibition enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity across all cell lines. MIR1249 expression was increased in 41% of cases in human BTCs. In validation experiments, MIR1249 inhibition did not alter cell viability in untreated or dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells; however, it did increase the CG effect. MIR1249 expression was increased in CD133+ biliary cancer cells freshly isolated from the stem cell niche of human BTCs as well as in CD133+ chemo-resistant CCLP cells. MIR1249 modulated the chemotherapy-induced enrichment of CD133+ cells by controlling their clonal expansion through the Wnt-regulator FZD8. MIR1249KO cells had impaired expansion of the CD133+ subclone and its enrichment after chemotherapy, reduced expression of cancer stem cell markers, and increased chemosensitivity. MIR1249KO xenograft BTC models showed tumor shrinkage after exposure to weekly CG, whereas wild-type models showed only stable disease over treatment. CONCLUSIONS MIR1249 mediates resistance to CG in BTCs and may be tested as a target for therapeutics.
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16
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Howard CM, Zgheib NB, Bush S, DeEulis T, Cortese A, Mollo A, Lirette ST, Denning K, Valluri J, Claudio PP. Clinical relevance of cancer stem cell chemotherapeutic assay for recurrent ovarian cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100860. [PMID: 32862103 PMCID: PMC7475270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disease recurrence and progression of ovarian cancer is common with the development of platinum-resistant or refractory disease. This is due in large part to the presence of chemo-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute to tumor propagation, maintenance, and treatment resistance. We developed a CSCs drug cytotoxicity assay (ChemoID) to identify the most effective chemotherapy treatment from a panel of FDA approved chemotherapies. Methods Ascites and pleural fluid samples were collected under physician order from 45 consecutive patients affected by 3rd-5th relapsed ovarian cancer. Test results from the assay were used to treat patients with the highest cell kill drugs, taking into consideration their health status and using dose reductions, as needed. A retrospective chart review of CT and PET scans was used to determine patients' outcomes for tumor response, time to recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results We observed that recurrent ovarian cancer patients treated with high-cell kill chemotherapy agents guided by the CSCs drug response assay had an improvement in the median PFS corresponding to 5.4 months (3rd relapse), 3.6 months (4th relapse), and 3.9 months (5th relapse) when compared to historical data. Additionally, we observed that ovarian cancer patients identified as non-responders by the CSC drug response assay had 30 times the hazard of death compared to those women that were identified as responders with respective median survivals of 6 months vs. 13 months. We also found that ChemoID treated patients on average had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between -$18,421 and $7,241 per life-year saved (LYS). Conclusions This study demonstrated improved PFS and OS for recurrent ovarian cancer patients treated with assay-guided chemotherapies while decreasing the cost of treatment. Ovarian cancer progression and recurrence is mostly attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are chemo-resistant. Eliminating CSCs is a strategy that could improve patients' outcome. We developed a CSC drug cytotoxicity assay to identify the most effective chemotherapy treatment from a panel of FDA approved chemotherapies. Recurrent ovarian cancer patients treated with high-cell kill chemotherapy agents guided by the CSCs drug response assay had an improvement in the median PFS when compared to historical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nadim Bou Zgheib
- Gynecologic Oncology, Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Stephen Bush
- Gynecologic Oncology, Charleston Area Medical Center Hospital, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Timothy DeEulis
- Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Oncologic Palliative Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Krista Denning
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, National Center for Natural Products Research, and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Cancer Institute, Jackson, MS, USA.
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17
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Chu HY, Chen YJ, Hsu CJ, Liu YW, Chiou JF, Lu LS, Tseng FG. Physical Cues in the Microenvironment Regulate Stemness-Dependent Homing of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2176. [PMID: 32764400 PMCID: PMC7464848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific microenvironmental factors contribute to the targeting preferences of metastatic cancers. However, the physical attributes of the premetastatic microenvironment are not yet fully characterized. In this research, we develop a transwell-based alginate hydrogel (TAH) model to study how permeability, stiffness, and roughness of a hanging alginate hydrogel regulate breast cancer cell homing. In this model, a layer of physically characterized alginate hydrogel is formed at the bottom of a transwell insert, which is placed into a matching culture well with an adherent monolayer of breast cancer cells. We found that breast cancer cells dissociate from the monolayer and home to the TAH for continual growth. The process is facilitated by the presence of rich serum in the upper chamber, the increased stiffness of the gel, as well as its surface roughness. This model is able to support the homing ability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells drifting across the vertical distance in the culture medium. Cells homing to the TAH display stemness phenotype morphologically and biochemically. Taken together, these findings suggest that permeability, stiffness, and roughness are important physical factors to regulate breast cancer homing to a premetastatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yao Chu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jieh Hsu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yang-Wei Liu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Department of Engineering and System Science, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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18
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Ozturk S, Gorgun C, Gokalp S, Vatansever S, Sendemir A. Development and characterization of cancer stem cell-based tumoroids as an osteosarcoma model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2527-2539. [PMID: 32391924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cancer tumor models are becoming vital approaches for high-throughput drug screening, drug targeting, development of novel theranostic systems, and personalized medicine. Yet, it is becoming more evident that the tumor progression and metastasis is fueled by a subpopulation of stem-like cells within the tumor that are also called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to develop a tumoroid model using CSCs. For this purpose CD133+ cells were isolated from SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell line with magnetic-activated cell sorting. To evaluate tumoroid formation ability, the cells were incubated in different cell numbers in agar gels produced by 3D Petri Dish® method. Subsequently, CD133+ cells and CD133- cells were co-cultured to investigate CD133+ cell localization in tumoroids. The characterization of tumoroids was performed using Live&Dead staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that, CD133+ , CD133- and SaOS-2 cells were all able to form 3D tumoroids regardless of the initial cell number, but, while 72 hr were needed for CD133+ cells to self-assemble, 24 hr were enough for CD133- and SaOS-2 cells. CD133+ cells were located within tumoroids randomly with high cell viability. Finally, when compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures, there were 5.88, 4.14, 6.95, and 1.68-fold higher messenger RNA expressions for Sox2, OCT3/4, Nanog, and Nestin, respectively, in CD133+ cells that were cultured within 3D tumoroids, showing longer maintenance of stem cell phenotype in 3D, that can allow more relevant screening and targeting efficiency in pharmaceutical testing. It was concluded that CSC-based tumoroids are propitious as 3D tumor models to fill the gap between conventional 2D in vitro culture and in vivo animal experiments for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Ozturk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gorgun
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sevtap Gokalp
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.,Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences (DESAM), Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sendemir
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Grimm D, Wehland M, Corydon TJ, Richter P, Prasad B, Bauer J, Egli M, Kopp S, Lebert M, Krüger M. The effects of microgravity on differentiation and cell growth in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:882-894. [PMID: 32352658 PMCID: PMC7381804 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A spaceflight has enormous influence on the health of space voyagers due to the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. Known effects of microgravity (μg) on cells are changes in differentiation and growth. Considering the commercialization of spaceflight, future space exploration, and long-term manned flights, research focusing on differentiation and growth of stem cells and cancer cells exposed to real (r-) and simulated (s-) μg is of high interest for regenerative medicine and cancer research. In this review, we focus on platforms to study r- and s-μg as well as the impact of μg on cancer stem cells in the field of gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma. Moreover, we review the current knowledge of different types of stem cells exposed to μg conditions with regard to differentiation and engineering of cartilage, bone, vasculature, heart, skin, and liver constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Richter
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Binod Prasad
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Space Biology Group, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lebert
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Space Biology Unlimited SAS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Ranjan T, Howard CM, Yu A, Xu L, Aziz K, Jho D, Leonardo J, Hameed MA, Karlovits SM, Wegner RE, Fuhrer R, Lirette ST, Denning KL, Valluri J, Claudio PP. Cancer Stem Cell Chemotherapeutics Assay for Prospective Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma and Progressive Anaplastic Glioma: A Single-Institution Case Series. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100755. [PMID: 32197147 PMCID: PMC7078520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) may lead to tumor recurrence in glioblastoma (GBM). The poor prognosis of this disease emphasizes the critical need for developing a treatment stratification system to improve outcomes through personalized medicine. METHODS: We present a case series of 12 GBM and 2 progressive anaplastic glioma cases from a single Institution prospectively treated utilizing a CSC chemotherapeutics assay (ChemoID) guided report. All patients were eligible to receive a stereotactic biopsy and thus undergo ChemoID testing. We selected one of the most effective treatments based on the ChemoID assay report from a panel of FDA approved chemotherapy as monotherapy or their combinations for our patients. Patients were evaluated by MRI scans and response was assessed according to RANO 1.1 criteria. RESULTS: Of the 14 cases reviewed, the median age of our patient cohort was 49 years (21–63). We observed 6 complete responses (CR) 43%, 6 partial responses (PR) 43%, and 2 progressive diseases (PD) 14%. Patients treated with ChemoID assay-directed therapy, in combination with other modality of treatment (RT, LITT), had a longer median overall survival (OS) of 13.3 months (5.4-NA), compared to the historical median OS of 9.0 months (8.0–10.8 months) previously reported. Notably, patients with recurrent GBM or progressive high-grade glioma treated with assay-guided therapy had a 57% probability to survive at 12 months, compared to the 27% historical probability of survival observed in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here suggest that the ChemoID Assay has the potential to stratify individualized chemotherapy choices to improve recurrent and progressive high-grade glioma patient survival. Importance of the Study Glioblastoma (GBM) and progressive anaplastic glioma are the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and their prognosis is very poor even if treated with the standard of care chemoradiation Stupp's protocol. Recent knowledge pointed out that current treatments often fail to successfully target cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for therapy resistance and recurrence of these malignant tumors. ChemoID is the first and only CLIA (clinical laboratory improvements amendment) -certified and CAP (College of American Pathologists) -accredited chemotherapeutic assay currently available in oncology clinics that examines patient's derived CSCs susceptibility to conventional FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) -approved drugs. In this study we observed that although the majority of our patients (71.5%) presented with unfavorable prognostic predictors (wild type IDH-1/2 and unmethylated MGMT promoter), patients treated with ChemoID assay-directed therapy had an overall response rate of 86% and increased median OS of 13.3 months compared to the historical median OS of 9.1 months (8.1–10.1 months) previously reported [1] suggesting that the ChemoID assay may be beneficial in personalizing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Ranjan
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Candace M Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Linda Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - David Jho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Jodi Leonardo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Muhammad A Hameed
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Stephen M Karlovits
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Rodney E Wegner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Russell Fuhrer
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Cancer Center & Research Institute, Jackson, MS 39216.
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21
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics reveals novel differentiation proteins in neuroblastoma cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103491. [PMID: 31472280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the second most common pediatric cancer. A unique feature of neuroblastoma is remission in some patients due to spontaneous differentiation of metastatic tumors. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic to treat neuroblastoma due to its differentiation inducing effects. In this study, we used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins affected by 13-cis RA treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Our results showed that 13-cis RA reduced proteins involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and organization and increased proteins involved in cell adhesion and neurofilament formation. These changes indicate that 13-cis RA induces tumor cell differentiation by decreasing extracellular matrix rigidity and increasing neurite overgrowth. Differentially-affected proteins identified in this study may be novel biomarkers of drug efficacy in the treatment of neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of novel treatments. 13-cis retinoic acid is currently used in the clinic as a differentiation inducer. Here we have established a proteome map of SK-N-SH cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the involvement of development, differentiation, extracellular matrix assembly, collagen biosynthesis, and neurofilament bundle association. This proteome map provides information as to which proteins are important for differentiation and identifies networks that can be targeted by drugs to treat neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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22
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Erhart F, Blauensteiner B, Zirkovits G, Printz D, Soukup K, Klingenbrunner S, Fischhuber K, Reitermaier R, Halfmann A, Lötsch D, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Berger W, Visus C, Dohnal A. Gliomasphere marker combinatorics: multidimensional flow cytometry detects CD44+/CD133+/ITGA6+/CD36+ signature. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:281-292. [PMID: 30467961 PMCID: PMC6307809 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most dangerous brain cancer. One reason for glioblastoma's aggressiveness are glioblastoma stem‐like cells. To target them, a number of markers have been proposed (CD133, CD44, CD15, A2B5, CD36, CXCR4, IL6R, L1CAM, and ITGA6). A comprehensive study of co‐expression patterns of them has, however, not been performed so far. Here, we mapped the multidimensional co‐expression profile of these stemness‐associated molecules. Gliomaspheres – an established model of glioblastoma stem‐like cells – were used. Seven different gliomasphere systems were subjected to multicolor flow cytometry measuring the nine markers CD133, CD44, CD15, A2B5, CD36, CXCR4, IL6R, L1CAM, and ITGA6 all simultaneously based on a novel 9‐marker multicolor panel developed for this study. The viSNE dimensionality reduction algorithm was applied for analysis. All gliomaspheres were found to express at least five different glioblastoma stem‐like cell markers. Multi‐dimensional analysis showed that all studied gliomaspheres consistently harbored a cell population positive for the molecular signature CD44+/CD133+/ITGA6+/CD36+. Glioblastoma patients with an enrichment of this combination had a significantly worse survival outcome when analyzing the two largest available The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets (MIT/Harvard Affymetrix: P = 0.0015, University of North Carolina Agilent: P = 0.0322). In sum, we detected a previously unknown marker combination – demonstrating feasibility, usefulness, and importance of high‐dimensional gliomasphere marker combinatorics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Erhart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernadette Blauensteiner
- Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Zirkovits
- Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Printz
- FACS Core Unit, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Soukup
- Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Angela Halfmann
- Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Dohnal
- Department of Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Wang X, Dai X, Zhang X, Li X, Xu T, Lan Q. Enrichment of glioma stem cell-like cells on 3D porous scaffolds composed of different extracellular matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:1052-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Akbarzadeh M, Movassaghpour AA, Ghanbari H, Kheirandish M, Fathi Maroufi N, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M, Samadi N. The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin on human ovarian cancer by inhibition of invasion and migration of cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17062. [PMID: 29213108 PMCID: PMC5719004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify targeting molecules to control invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. We first isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and then investigated the role of melatonin in invasiveness and migration of CSCs compared to SKOV3 cells. The proportion of CSCs in SKOV3 cells was as low as 1.28% with overexpression of both CD133 and CD44. The ability of spheroid formation along with SOX2 overexpression revealed a high self-renewal potential in isolated cells. Melatonin (3.4 mM) inhibited proliferation of CSCs by 23% which was confirmed by a marked decrease in protein expression of Ki67, as a proliferation marker. Applying luzindole, a melatonin receptor 1, 2 inhibitor, partially abolished anti-proliferative effect of melatonin. Melatonin also decreased Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expressions including ZEB1, ZEB2, snail and vimentin with increase in E-cadherin as a negative EMT regulator. Incubation of CSCs with melatonin showed a marked decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and activity. Melatonin also inhibited CSCs migration in a partially receptor dependent and PI3k and MAPK independent manner. Melatonin can be considered as an important adjuvant to control invasion and metastasis especially in patients with high melatonin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheirandish
- Department of Immunology Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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He J, Xiong L, Li Q, Lin L, Miao X, Yan S, Hong Z, Yang L, Wen Y, Deng X. 3D modeling of cancer stem cell niche. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1326-1345. [PMID: 29416698 PMCID: PMC5787442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells reside in a distinct microenvironment called niche. The reciprocal interactions between cancer stem cells and niche contribute to the maintenance and enrichment of cancer stem cells. In order to simulate the interactions between cancer stem cells and niche, three-dimensional models have been developed. These in vitro culture systems recapitulate the spatial dimension, cellular heterogeneity, and the molecular networks of the tumor microenvironment and show great promise in elucidating the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells and designing more clinically relavant treatment modalites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Leping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Howard CM, Valluri J, Alberico A, Julien T, Mazagri R, Marsh R, Alastair H, Cortese A, Griswold M, Wang W, Denning K, Brown L, Claudio PP. Analysis of Chemopredictive Assay for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:241-254. [PMID: 28199863 PMCID: PMC5310181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) treated with standard-of-care maximal surgical resection and concurrent adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ)/radiotherapy remains very poor (less than 15 months). GBMs have been found to contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute to tumor propagation, maintenance, and treatment resistance. The highly invasive nature of high-grade gliomas and their inherent resistance to therapy lead to very high rates of recurrence. For these reasons, not all patients with similar diagnoses respond to the same chemotherapy, schedule, or dose. Administration of ineffective anticancer therapy is not only costly but more importantly burdens the patient with unnecessary toxicity and selects for the development of resistant cancer cell clones. We have developed a drug response assay (ChemoID) that identifies the most effective chemotherapy against CSCs and bulk of tumor cells from of a panel of potential treatments, offering great promise for individualized cancer management. Providing the treating physician with drug response information on a panel of approved drugs will aid in personalized therapy selections of the most effective chemotherapy for individual patients, thereby improving outcomes. A prospective study was conducted evaluating the use of the ChemoID drug response assay in GBM patients treated with standard of care. METHODS Forty-one GBM patients (mean age 54 years, 59% male), all eligible for a surgical biopsy, were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, and fresh tissue samples were collected for drug sensitivity testing. Patients were all treated with standard-of-care TMZ plus radiation with or without maximal surgery, depending on the status of the disease. Patients were prospectively monitored for tumor response, time to recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Odds ratio (OR) associations of 12-month recurrence, PFS, and OS outcomes were estimated for CSC, bulk tumor, and combined assay responses for the standard-of-care TMZ treatment; sensitivities/specificities, areas under the curve (AUCs), and risk reclassification components were examined. RESULTS Median follow-up was 8 months (range 3-49 months). For every 5% increase in in vitro CSC cell kill by TMZ, 12-month patient response (nonrecurrence of cancer) increased two-fold, OR=2.2 (P=.016). Similar but somewhat less supported associations with the bulk tumor test were seen, OR=2.75 (P=.07) for each 5% bulk tumor cell kill by TMZ. Combining CSC and bulk tumor assay results in a single model yielded a statistically supported CSC association, OR=2.36 (P=.036), but a much attenuated remaining bulk tumor association, OR=1.46 (P=.472). AUCs and [sensitivity/specificity] at optimal outpoints (>40% CSC cell kill and >55% bulk tumor cell kill) were AUC=0.989 [sensitivity=100/specificity=97], 0.972 [100/89], and 0.989 [100/97] for the CSC only, bulk tumor only, and combined models, respectively. Risk categorization of patients was improved by 11% when using the CSC test in conjunction with the bulk test (risk reclassification nonevent net reclassification improvement [NRI] and overall NRI=0.111, P=.030). Median recurrence time was 20 months for patients with a positive (>40% cell kill) CSC test versus only 3 months for those with a negative CSC test, whereas median recurrence time was 13 months versus 4 months for patients with a positive (>55% cell kill) bulk test versus negative. Similar favorable results for the CSC test were observed for PFS and OS outcomes. Panel results across 14 potential other treatments indicated that 34/41 (83%) potentially more optimal alternative therapies may have been chosen using CSC results, whereas 27/41 (66%) alternative therapies may have been chosen using bulk tumor results. CONCLUSIONS The ChemoID CSC drug response assay has the potential to increase the accuracy of bulk tumor assays to help guide individualized chemotherapy choices. GBM cancer recurrence may occur quickly if the CSC test has a low in vitro cell kill rate even if the bulk tumor test cell kill rate is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755
| | - Anthony Alberico
- Department of Neuroscience, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Terrence Julien
- Department of Neuroscience, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Rida Mazagri
- Department of Neuroscience, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Robert Marsh
- Department of Neuroscience, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Hoyt Alastair
- Department of Neuroscience, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Michael Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Wanmei Wang
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Krista Denning
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Linda Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25705
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Cancer Institute, Jackson, MS 39216.
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27
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Adamowicz J, Pakravan K, Bakhshinejad B, Drewa T, Babashah S. Prostate cancer stem cells: from theory to practice. Scand J Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2017.1283360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Adamowicz
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Florczyk SJ, Kievit FM, Wang K, Erickson AE, Ellenbogen RG, Zhang M. 3D Porous Chitosan-Alginate Scaffolds Promote Proliferation and Enrichment of Cancer Stem-Like Cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6326-6334. [PMID: 28133535 PMCID: PMC5260821 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are increasingly becoming a primary target for new cancer treatment development. The ability to study their transient behavior in vitro will provide the opportunity for high-throughput testing of more effective therapies. We have previously demonstrated the use of 3D porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds to promote cancer stem-like cell (CSC) proliferation and enrichment in glioblastoma. Here we use 3D porous CA scaffolds to promote cancer stem-like cell enrichment in cell lines from prostate, liver, and breast cancers, and investigate the proliferation, morphology, and gene expressions of cells cultured in CA scaffolds as compared to 2D controls. The 3D CA scaffold cultures for all three cancer types showed reduced proliferation, formation of tumor spheroids, and increased expression of CSC associated mark genes (CD133 and NANOG), as opposed to monolayers. Additionally, we present a putative mechanism for the cancer stem-like cell enrichment on CA scaffolds. This study demonstrates that the cancer stem-like cell enrichment in CA scaffolds is a robust process that is not restricted to particular cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Florczyk
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ariane E. Erickson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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29
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Grasso C, Anaka M, Hofmann O, Sompallae R, Broadley K, Hide W, Berridge MV, Cebon J, Behren A, McConnell MJ. Iterative sorting reveals CD133+ and CD133- melanoma cells as phenotypically distinct populations. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:726. [PMID: 27613604 PMCID: PMC5017126 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneity and tumourigenicity of metastatic melanoma is attributed to a cancer stem cell model, with CD133 considered to be a cancer stem cell marker in melanoma as well as other tumours, but its role has remained controversial. Methods We iteratively sorted CD133+ and CD133- cells from 3 metastatic melanoma cell lines, and observed tumourigenicity and phenotypic characteristics over 7 generations of serial xeno-transplantation in NOD/SCID mice. Results We demonstrate that iterative sorting is required to make highly pure populations of CD133+ and CD133- cells from metastatic melanoma, and that these two populations have distinct characteristics not related to the cancer stem cell phenotype. In vitro, gene set enrichment analysis indicated CD133+ cells were related to a proliferative phenotype, whereas CD133- cells were of an invasive phenotype. However, in vivo, serial transplantation of CD133+ and CD133- tumours over 7 generations showed that both populations were equally able to initiate and propagate tumours. Despite this, both populations remained phenotypically distinct, with CD133- cells only able to express CD133 in vivo and not in vitro. Loss of CD133 from the surface of a CD133+ cell was observed in vitro and in vivo, however CD133- cells derived from CD133+ retained the CD133+ phenotype, even in the presence of signals from the tumour microenvironment. Conclusion We show for the first time the necessity of iterative sorting to isolate pure marker-positive and marker-negative populations for comparative studies, and present evidence that despite CD133+ and CD133- cells being equally tumourigenic, they display distinct phenotypic differences, suggesting CD133 may define a distinct lineage in melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2759-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Grasso
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Holyoke Center, Suite 727W, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Sompallae
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kate Broadley
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Winston Hide
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Michael V Berridge
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
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Gorgun C, Ozturk S, Gokalp S, Vatansever S, Gurhan SD, Urkmez AS. Synergistic role of three dimensional niche and hypoxia on conservation of cancer stem cell phenotype. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 90:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Bielecka ZF, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Safir IJ, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Three-dimensional cell culture model utilization in cancer stem cell research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1505-1520. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia F. Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; Zwirki i Wigury 61 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Kamila Maliszewska-Olejniczak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
- Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotides Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawinskiego 5a 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilan J. Safir
- Department of Urology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA 30322 U.S.A
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
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32
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Cortese A, Pantaleo G, Amato M, Lawrence L, Mayes V, Brown L, Sarno MR, Valluri J, Claudio PP. A new complementary procedure for patients affected by head and neck cancer: Chemo-predictive assay. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 26:42-6. [PMID: 27449762 PMCID: PMC4963245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) resist chemotherapy, thereby causing relapse of the disease. A new chemotherapy drug response assay (ChemoID), which measures the sensitivity of CSCs to a variety of chemotherapy agents has been developed. The ChemoID assay may assist an oncologist in making treatment decisions. The ChemoID procedure may lower treatment costs by eliminating ineffective chemotherapies and unnecessary toxicity.
Introduction Administration of ineffective anticancer therapy is associated with unnecessary toxicity and development of resistant clones. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) resist chemotherapy, thereby causing relapse of the disease. Thus, development of a test that identifies the most effective chemotherapy management offers great promise for individualized anticancer treatments. We have developed an ex vivo chemotherapy drug response assay (ChemoID®), which measures the sensitivity of CSCs as well as the bulk of tumor cells to a variety of chemotherapy agents to assist an oncologist in making treatment decisions. Methods Three patients affected by oral cancer were referred. Results Biopsy showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (G1) in case 1, a G2 adenocarcinoma in case 2 and a G3 squamous cell carcinoma in case 3. In all of the three cases, after clinical inspection and suspicion of a diagnosis of cancer, a double biopsy was performed. One specimen was sent to the ChemoID laboratory for chemosensitivity assay and the other for histological analysis. Chemotherapy dose response curves were generated, and grouped in 3 categories: 1. No response (less than 30% cell kill), Intermediate (30–60% cell kill), and 3. Sensitive (60% cell kill or above). Conclusions This procedure may be useful in helping physicians choose an effective chemotherapy regimen for head and neck cancer patients and lower treatment costs by eliminating ineffective chemotherapies and unnecessary toxicity particularly in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Logan Lawrence
- McKown Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Veronica Mayes
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Cabell Huntington Hospital, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Linda Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Cabell Huntington Hospital, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Maria Rosaria Sarno
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Qiao SP, Zhao YF, Li CF, Yin YB, Meng QY, Lin FH, Liu Y, Hou XL, Guo K, Chen XB, Tian WM. An alginate-based platform for cancer stem cell research. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:83-92. [PMID: 27109764 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As the primary determinants of the clinical behaviors of human cancers, the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an ideal target for novel anti-cancer therapies (Kievit et al., 2014). Notably, CSCs are difficult to propagate in vitro, which severely restricts the study of CSC biology and the development of therapeutic agents. Emerging evidence indicates that CSCs rely on a niche that controls their differentiation and proliferation, as is the case with normal stem cells (NSCs). Replicating the in vivo CSC microenvironment in vitro using three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds can provide means to effectively generate CSCs, thus enabling the discovery of CSC biology. This paper presents our study on a novel alginate-based platform for mimicking the CSC niche to promote CSC proliferation and enrichment. In this study, we used a versatile mouse 4T1 breast cancer model to independently evaluate the matrix parameters of a CSC niche - including the material's mechanical properties, cytokine immobilization, and the composition of the extracellular matrix's (ECM's) molecular impact - on CSC proliferation and enrichment. On this basis, the optimal stiffness and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA), as well as epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor immobilization, were identified to establish the platform for mimicking the 4T1 breast CSCs (4T1 CSCs) niche. The 4T1 CSCs obtained from the platform show increased expression of the genes involved in breast CSC and NSC, as compared to general 2D or 3D culture, and 4T1 CSCs were also demonstrated to have the ability to quickly form a subcutaneous tumor in homologous Balb/c mice in vivo. In addition, the platform can be adjusted according to different parameters for CSC screening. Our results indicate that our platform offers a simple and efficient means to isolate and enrich CSCs in vitro, which can help researchers better understand CSC biology and thus develop more effective therapeutic agents to treat cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE As the primary determinants of the clinical behaviors of human cancers, the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an ideal target for novel anti-cancer therapies. However, CSCs are difficult to propagate in vitro, which severely restricts the study of CSC biology and the development of therapeutic agents. Emerging evidence indicates that CSCs rely on a niche that controls their differentiation and proliferation, as is the case with normal stem cells (NSCs). Replicating the in vivo CSC microenvironment in vitro using three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds can provide means to effectively generate CSCs, thus enabling the discovery of CSC biology. In our study, a novel alginate-based platform were developed for mimicking the CSC niche to promote CSC proliferation and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Pei Qiao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yu-Fang Zhao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Chun-Feng Li
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yan-Bin Yin
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Liu
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Hou
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xiong-Biao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wei-Ming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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Chen J, Lin L, Guo Z, Xu C, Tian H, Park K, Chen X. Synergistic treatment of cancer stem cells by combinations of antioncogenes and doxorubicin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Reyes EE, Gillard M, Duggan R, Wroblewski K, Kregel S, Isikbay M, Kach J, Brechka H, Weele DJV, Szmulewitz RZ, Griend DJV. Molecular analysis of CD133-positive circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:http://oatext.com/Molecular-analysis-of-CD133-positive-circulating-tumor-cells-from-patients-with-metastatic-castration-resistant-prostate-cancer.php. [PMID: 26753099 PMCID: PMC4704802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The function and clinical utility of stem cell markers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains unresolved, and their expression may confer important therapeutic opportunities for staging and therapy. In the adult human prostate, CD133 (PROM1) expression identifies infrequent prostate epithelial progenitor cells and putative cancer stem cells. Previous work demonstrated an association with CD133 and cancer cell proliferation using in vitro model systems. The primary objective here was to investigate the expression of CD133 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with mCRPC and to test the hypothesis that patients with mCRPC had CD133-positive CTCs associated with increased cell proliferation, changes in the androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, or AR nuclear co-localization. We utilized ImageStreamX technology, which combines flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, to capture and analyze CD45-negative/EpCAM-positive CTCs for CD133, Ki-67, and AR. All patient samples (20/20) contained CD133-positive populations of CTCs, and on average 50.9 ± 28.2% (range of 18.2% to 100%) of CTCs were CD133-positive. CD133-positive CTCs have increased Ki-67 protein expression compared to CD133-negative CTCs, implying that CD133-positive CTCs may have greater proliferative potential when compared to their CD133-negative counterparts. CD133-positive and CD133-negative CTCs have similar levels of AR protein expression and cellular co-localization with nuclear markers, implying that CD133 expression is independent of AR pathway activity and an AR-independent marker of mCRPC proliferation. These studies demonstrate the presence of CD133-positive populations in CTCs from mCRPC with increased proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reyes
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Gillard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Kach
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Brechka
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Vander Weele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mathis SE, Alberico A, Nande R, Neto W, Lawrence L, McCallister DR, Denvir J, Kimmey GA, Mogul M, Oakley G, Denning KL, Dougherty T, Valluri JV, Claudio PP. Chemo-predictive assay for targeting cancer stem-like cells in patients affected by brain tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105710. [PMID: 25144312 PMCID: PMC4140819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of ineffective anticancer therapy is associated with unnecessary toxicity and development of resistant clones. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) resist chemotherapy, thereby causing relapse of the disease. Thus, development of a test that identifies the most effective chemotherapy management offers great promise for individualized anticancer treatments. We have developed an ex vivo chemotherapy sensitivity assay (ChemoID), which measures the sensitivity of CSLCs as well as the bulk of tumor cells to a variety of chemotherapy agents. Two patients, a 21-year old male (patient 1) and a 5-month female (patient 2), affected by anaplastic WHO grade-III ependymoma were screened using the ChemoID assay. Patient 1 was found sensitive to the combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab, which resulted in a prolonged disease progression free period of 18 months. Following recurrence, the combination of various chemotherapy drugs was tested again with the ChemoID assay. We found that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) greatly increased the chemosensitivity of the ependymoma cells to the combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab. After patient 1 was treated for two months with irinotecan, bevacizumab and supplements of cruciferous vegetable extracts containing BITC, we observed over 50% tumoral regression in comparison with pre-ChemoID scan as evidenced by MRI. Patient 2 was found resistant to all treatments tested and following 6 cycles of vincristine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin in various combinations, the tumor of this patient rapidly progressed and proton beam therapy was recommended. As expected animal studies conducted with patient derived xenografts treated with ChemoID screened drugs recapitulated the clinical observation. This assay demonstrates that patients with the same histological stage and grade of cancer may vary considerably in their clinical response, suggesting that ChemoID testing which measures the sensitivity of CSLCs as well as the bulk of tumor cells to a variety of chemotherapy agents could lead to more effective and personalized anticancer treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Mathis
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anthony Alberico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rounak Nande
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Walter Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Logan Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Danielle R. McCallister
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gerrit A. Kimmey
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Mogul
- Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gerard Oakley
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Krista L. Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thomas Dougherty
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jagan V. Valluri
- Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Translational Genomic Research Institute, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Proliferation and enrichment of CD133(+) glioblastoma cancer stem cells on 3D chitosan-alginate scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9137-43. [PMID: 25109438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates cancer stem cells (CSCs) as primary determinants of the clinical behavior of human cancers, representing an ideal target for next-generation anti-cancer therapies. However CSCs are difficult to propagate in vitro, severely limiting the study of CSC biology and drug development. Here we report that growing cells from glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines on three dimensional (3D) porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds dramatically promotes the proliferation and enrichment of cells possessing the hallmarks of CSCs. CA scaffold-grown cells were found more tumorigenic in nude mouse xenografts than cells grown from monolayers. Growing in CA scaffolds rapidly promoted expression of genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that has been implicated in the genesis of CSCs. Our results indicate that CA scaffolds have utility as a simple and inexpensive means to cultivate CSCs in vitro in support of studies to understand CSC biology and develop more effective anti-cancer therapies.
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38
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Haus DL, Nguyen HX, Gold EM, Kamei N, Perez H, Moore HD, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. CD133-enriched Xeno-Free human embryonic-derived neural stem cells expand rapidly in culture and do not form teratomas in immunodeficient mice. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:214-26. [PMID: 25082219 PMCID: PMC5675021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common methods for the generation of human embryonic-derived neural stem cells (hNSCs) result in cells with potentially compromised safety profiles due to maintenance of cells in conditions containing non-human proteins (e.g. in bovine serum or on mouse fibroblast feeders). Additionally, sufficient expansion of resulting hNSCs for scaling out or up in a clinically relevant time frame has proven to be difficult. Here, we report a strategy that produces hNSCs in completely “Xeno-Free” culture conditions. Furthermore, we have enriched the hNSCs for the cell surface marker CD133 via magnetic sorting, which has led to an increase in the expansion rate and neuronal fate specification of the hNSCs in vitro. Critically, we have also confirmed neural lineage specificity upon sorted hNSC transplantation into the immunodeficient NOD-scid mouse brain. The future use or adaptation of these protocols has the potential to better facilitate the advancement of pre-clinical strategies from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Haus
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Hal X Nguyen
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Eric M Gold
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Harvey Perez
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Harry D Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA.
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39
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Rao W, Zhao S, Yu J, Lu X, Zynger DL, He X. Enhanced enrichment of prostate cancer stem-like cells with miniaturized 3D culture in liquid core-hydrogel shell microcapsules. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7762-7773. [PMID: 24952981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are rare subpopulations of cancer cells that are reported to be responsible for cancer resistance and metastasis associated with conventional cancer therapies. Therefore, effective enrichment/culture of CSCs is of importance to both the understanding and treatment of cancer. However, it usually takes approximately 10 days for the widely used conventional approach to enrich CSCs through the formation of CSC-containing aggregates. Here we report the time can be shortened to 2 days while obtaining prostate CSC-containing aggregates with better quality based on the expression of surface receptor markers, dye exclusion, gene and protein expression, and in vivo tumorigenicity. This is achieved by encapsulating and culturing human prostate cancer cells in the miniaturized 3D liquid core of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell. The miniaturized 3D culture in core-shell microcapsules is an effective strategy for enriching/culturing CSCs in vitro to facilitate cancer research and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debra L Zynger
- Division of Genitourinary Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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40
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Lubanska D, Market-Velker BA, deCarvalho AC, Mikkelsen T, Fidalgo da Silva E, Porter LA. The cyclin-like protein Spy1 regulates growth and division characteristics of the CD133+ population in human glioma. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:64-76. [PMID: 24434210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of brain cancers, as most solid tumors, complicates diagnosis and treatment. Identifying and targeting populations of cells driving tumorigenesis is a top priority for the cancer biology field. This is not a trivial task; considerable variance exists in the driving mutations, identifying markers, and evolutionary pressures influencing initiating cells in different individual tumors. Despite this, the ability to self-renew and differentiate must be conserved to reseed a heterogeneous tumor mass. Focusing on one example of a tumor-initiating cell population, we demonstrate that the atypical cyclin-like protein Spy1 plays a role in balancing the division properties of glioma cells with stemness properties. This mechanistic insight may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor Ontario, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Brenna A Market-Velker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor Ontario, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ana C deCarvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor Ontario, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Wang X, Schröder HC, Feng Q, Draenert F, Müller WEG. The deep-sea natural products, biogenic polyphosphate (Bio-PolyP) and biogenic silica (Bio-Silica), as biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: fabrication of a morphogenetically-active polymer. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:718-46. [PMID: 23528950 PMCID: PMC3705367 DOI: 10.3390/md11030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects in human, caused by fractures/nonunions or trauma, gain increasing impact and have become a medical challenge in the present-day aging population. Frequently, those fractures require surgical intervention which ideally relies on autografts or suboptimally on allografts. Therefore, it is pressing and likewise challenging to develop bone substitution materials to heal bone defects. During the differentiation of osteoblasts from their mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells and of osteoclasts from their hemopoietic precursor cells, a lineage-specific release of growth factors and a trans-lineage homeostatic cross-talk via signaling molecules take place. Hence, the major hurdle is to fabricate a template that is functioning in a way mimicking the morphogenetic, inductive role(s) of the native extracellular matrix. In the last few years, two naturally occurring polymers that are produced by deep-sea sponges, the biogenic polyphosphate (bio-polyP) and biogenic silica (bio-silica) have also been identified as promoting morphogenetic on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These polymers elicit cytokines that affect bone mineralization (hydroxyapatite formation). In this manner, bio-silica and bio-polyP cause an increased release of BMP-2, the key mediator activating the anabolic arm of the hydroxyapatite forming cells, and of RANKL. In addition, bio-polyP inhibits the progression of the pre-osteoclasts to functionally active osteoclasts. Based on these findings, new bioinspired strategies for the fabrication of bone biomimetic templates have been developed applying 3D-printing techniques. Finally, a strategy is outlined by which these two morphogenetically active polymers might be used to develop a novel functionally active polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; E-Mail:
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Qingling Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; E-Mail:
| | - Florian Draenert
- Department and Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstraße, D-35033 Marburg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; E-Mail:
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Schröder HC, Wang XH, Wiens M, Diehl-Seifert B, Kropf K, Schloßmacher U, Müller WEG. Silicate modulates the cross-talk between osteoblasts (SaOS-2) and osteoclasts (RAW 264.7 cells): inhibition of osteoclast growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3197-206. [PMID: 22615001 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that inorganic monomeric and polymeric silica/silicate, in the presence of the biomineralization cocktail, increases the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteogenic SaOS-2 sarcoma cells in vitro. In contrast, silicate does not affect the steady-state gene expression level of the osteoclastogenic ligand receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In turn it can be expected that the concentration ratio of the mediators OPG/RANKL increases in the presence of silicate. In addition, silicate enhances the growth potential of SaOS-2 cells in vitro, while it causes no effect on RAW 264.7 cells within a concentration range of 10-100 µM. Applying a co-cultivation assay system, using SaOS-2 cells and RAW 264.7 cells, it is shown that in the presence of 10 µM silicate the number of RAW 264.7 cells in general, and the number of TRAP(+) RAW 264.7 cells in particular markedly decreases. The SaOS-2 cells retain their capacity of differential gene expression of OPG and RANKL in favor of OPG after exposure to silicate. It is concluded that after exposure of the cells to silicate a factor(s) is released from SaOS-2 cells that causes a significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis of RAW 264.7 cells. It is assumed that it is an increased secretion of the cytokine OPG that is primarily involved in the reduction of the osteoclastogenesis of the RAW 264.7 cells. It is proposed that silicate might have the potential to stimulate osteogenesis in vivo and perhaps to ameliorate osteoporotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Inorganic polyphosphates: biologically active biopolymers for biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 54:261-94. [PMID: 24420717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41004-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a widely occurring but only rarely investigated biopolymer which exists in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Only in the last few years, this polymer has been identified to cause morphogenetic activity on cells involved in human bone formation. The calcium complex of polyP was found to display a dual effect on bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Exposure of these cells to polyP (Ca(2+) complex) elicits the expression of cytokines that promote the mineralization process by osteoblasts and suppress the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to the functionally active mature osteoclasts dissolving bone minerals. The effect of polyP on bone formation is associated with an increased release of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), a key mediator that activates the anabolic processes leading to bone formation. In addition, polyP has been shown to act as a hemostatic regulator that displays various effects on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and might play an important role in platelet-dependent proinflammatory and procoagulant disorders.
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Tirino V, Desiderio V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Papaccio F, La Noce M, Laino L, De Francesco F, Papaccio G. Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization. FASEB J 2012; 27:13-24. [PMID: 23024375 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary tumors are responsible for 10% of cancer deaths. In most cases, the main cause of mortality is the formation of metastases. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation. This population is defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Existing therapies have enhanced the length of survival after diagnosis of cancer but have completely failed in terms of recovery. CSCs appear to be resistant to chemotherapy, may remain quiescent for extended periods, and have affinity for hypoxic environments. The CSCs can be identified and isolated by different methodologies, including isolation by CSC-specific cell surface marker expression, detection of side population phenotype by Hoechst 33342 exclusion, assessment of their ability to grow as floating spheres, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assay. None of the methods mentioned are exclusively used to isolate the solid tumor CSCs, highlighting the imperative to delineate more specific markers or to use combinatorial markers and methodologies. This review provides an overview of the main characteristics and approaches used to identify, isolate, and characterize CSCs from solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology and Embryology, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Cancer Stem Cell Eradication Program, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Nande R, Di Benedetto A, Aimola P, De Carlo F, Carper M, Claudio CD, Denvir J, Valluri J, Duncan GC, Claudio PP. Targeting a newly established spontaneous feline fibrosarcoma cell line by gene transfer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37743. [PMID: 22666387 PMCID: PMC3364269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma is a deadly disease in cats and is significantly more often located at classical vaccine injections sites. More rare forms of spontaneous non-vaccination site (NSV) fibrosarcomas have been described and have been found associated to genetic alterations. Purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer in NVS fibrosarcoma. We isolated and characterized a NVS fibrosarcoma cell line (Cocca-6A) from a spontaneous fibrosarcoma that occurred in a domestic calico cat. The feline cells were karyotyped and their chromosome number was counted using a Giemsa staining. Adenoviral gene transfer was verified by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry assay and Annexin-V were used to study cell-cycle changes and cell death of transduced cells. Cocca-6A fibrosarcoma cells were morphologically and cytogenetically characterized. Giemsa block staining of metaphase spreads of the Cocca-6A cells showed deletion of one of the E1 chromosomes, where feline p53 maps. Semi-quantitative PCR demonstrated reduction of p53 genomic DNA in the Cocca-6A cells. Adenoviral gene transfer determined a remarkable effect on the viability and growth of the Cocca-6A cells following single transduction with adenoviruses carrying Mda-7/IL-24 or IFN-γ or various combination of RB/p105, Ras-DN, IFN-γ, and Mda-7 gene transfer. Therapy for feline fibrosarcomas is often insufficient for long lasting tumor eradication. More gene transfer studies should be conducted in order to understand if these viral vectors could be applicable regardless the origin (spontaneous vs. vaccine induced) of feline fibrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Nande
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
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Basu-Roy U, Basilico C, Mansukhani A. Perspectives on cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:158-67. [PMID: 22659734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive pediatric tumor of growing bones that, despite surgery and chemotherapy, is prone to relapse. These mesenchymal tumors are derived from progenitor cells in the osteoblast lineage that have accumulated mutations to escape cell cycle checkpoints leading to excessive proliferation and defects in their ability to differentiate appropriately into mature bone-forming osteoblasts. Like other malignant tumors, osteosarcoma is often heterogeneous, consisting of phenotypically distinct cells with features of different stages of differentiation. The cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that tumors are maintained by stem cells and it is the incomplete eradication of a refractory population of tumor-initiating stem cells that accounts for drug resistance and tumor relapse. In this review we present our current knowledge about the biology of osteosarcoma stem cells from mouse and human tumors, highlighting new insights and unresolved issues in the identification of this elusive population. We focus on factors and pathways that are implicated in maintaining such cells, and differences from paradigms of epithelial cancers. Targeting of the cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma is a promising avenue to explore to develop new therapies for this devastating childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upal Basu-Roy
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Wang X, Schröder HC, Diehl-Seifert B, Kropf K, Schlossmacher U, Wiens M, Müller WEG. Dual effect of inorganic polymeric phosphate/polyphosphate on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:767-76. [PMID: 22411908 DOI: 10.1002/term.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polymeric phosphate/polyphosphate (polyP) is a natural polymer existing in both pro- and eukaryotic systems. In the present study the effect of polyP as well as of polyP supplied in a stoichiometric ratio of 2 m polyP:1 m CaCl2 [polyP (Ca(2+) complex)] on the osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and the osteoclast-like RAW 264.7 cells was determined. Both polymers are non-toxic for these cells up to a concentration of 100 µm. In contrast to polyP, polyP (Ca(2+) complex) significantly induced hydroxyapatite formation at a concentration > 10 µm, as documented by alizarin red S staining and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) inspection. Furthermore, polyP (Ca(2+) complex) triggered in SaOS-2 cells transcription of BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2), a cytokine involved in maturation of hydroxyapatite-forming cells. An additional activity of polyP (Ca(2+) complex) is described by showing that this polymer impairs osteoclastogenesis. At concentrations > 10 µm polyP (Ca(2+) complex) slows down the progression of RAW 264.7 cells to functional osteoclasts, as measured by the expression of TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase). Finally, it is shown that 10-100 µm polyP (Ca(2+) complex) inhibited phosphorylation of IκBα by the respective kinase in RAW 264.7 cells. We concluded that polyP (Ca(2+) complex) displays a dual effect on bone metabolizing cells. It promotes hydroxyapatite formation in SaOS-2 cells (osteoblasts) and impairs maturation of the osteoclast-related RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- National Research Centre for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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CD133/Src axis mediates tumor initiating property and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of head and neck cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28053. [PMID: 22140506 PMCID: PMC3225383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a human lethal cancer with clinical, pathological, phenotypical and biological heterogeneity. Caner initiating cells (CICs), which are responsible for tumor growth and coupled with gain of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), have been identified. Previously, we enriched a subpopulation of head and neck cancer initiating cells (HN-CICs) with up-regulation of CD133 and enhancement of EMT. Others demonstrate that Src kinase interacts with and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of CD133. However, the physiological function of CD133/Src signaling in HNSCCs has not been uncovered. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING Herein, we determined the critical role of CD133/Src axis modulating stemness, EMT and tumorigenicity of HNSCC and HN-CICs. Initially, down-regulation of CD133 significantly reduced the self-renewal ability and expression of stemness genes, and promoted the differentiation and apoptotic capability of HN-CICs. Additionally, knockdown of CD133 in HN-CICs also lessened both in vitro malignant properties including cell migration/cell invasiveness/anchorage independent growth, and in vivo tumor growth by nude mice xenotransplantation assay. In opposite, overexpression of CD133 enhanced the stemness properties and tumorigenic ability of HNSCCs. Lastly, up-regulation of CD133 increased phosphorylation of Src coupled with EMT transformation in HNSCCs, on the contrary, silence of CD133 or treatment of Src inhibitor inversely abrogated above phenotypic effects, which were induced by CD133 up-regulation in HNSCCs or HN-CICs. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that CD133/Src signaling is a regulatory switch to gain of EMT and of stemness properties in HNSCC. Finally, CD133/Src axis might be a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC by eliminating HN-CICs.
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Geletneky K, Hartkopf AD, Krempien R, Rommelaere J, Schlehofer JR. Therapeutic implications of the enhanced short and long-term cytotoxicity of radiation treatment followed by oncolytic parvovirus H-1 infection in high-grade glioma cells. Bioeng Bugs 2011; 1:429-33. [PMID: 21468212 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.6.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant brain tumors remains extremely bad in spite of moderate improvements of conventional treatments. A promising alternative approach is the use of oncolytic viruses. Strategies to improve viral toxicity include the combination of oncolytic viruses with standard therapies. Parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) is an oncolytic virus with proven toxicity in glioma cells. Recently it has been demonstrated that the combination of ionizing radiation (IR) with H-1PV showed promising results. Previously irradiated glioma cells remained fully permissive for H-1PV induced cytotoxicity supporting the use of H-1PV for recurrent gliomas, which typically arise from irradiated cell clones. When glioma cells were infected with H-1PV shortly (24 h) after IR, cell killing improved and only the combination of both treatments lead to complete long-term tumor cell killing. The latter finding raises the question whether IR in combination with H-1PV exerts an additional therapeutic effect on highly resistant glioma stem cells. A likely translation into current clinical treatment protocols is to use stereotactic radiation of non-resectable recurrent gliomas followed by intratumoral injection of H-1PV to harvest the synergistic effects of combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Geletneky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schröder HC, Wiens M, Wang X, Schloßmacher U, Müller WEG. Biosilica-based strategies for treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 52:283-312. [PMID: 21877270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease in later life, which has become a growing public health problem. This degenerative bone disease primarily affects postmenopausal women, but also men may suffer from reduced bone mineral density. The development of prophylactic treatments and medications of osteoporosis has become an urgent issue due to the increasing proportion of the elderly in the population. Apart from medical/hormonal treatments, current strategies for prophylaxis of osteoporosis are primarily based on calcium supplementation as a main constituent of bone hydroxyapatite mineral. Despite previous reports suggesting an essential role in skeletal growth and development, the significance of the trace element silicon in human bone formation has attracted major scientific interest only rather recently. The interest in silicon has been further increased by the latest discoveries in the field of biosilicification, the formation of the inorganic silica skeleton of the oldest still extant animals on Earth, the sponges, which revealed new insights in the biological function of this element. Sponges make use of silicon to build up their inorganic skeleton which consists of biogenously formed polymeric silica (biosilica). The formation of biosilica is mediated by specific enzymes, silicateins, which have been isolated, characterized, and expressed in a recombinant way. Epidemiological studies revealed that dietary silicon reduces the risk of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Recent results allowed for the first time to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of silicic acid/biosilica against osteoporosis. Biosilica was shown to modulate the ratio of expression of two cytokines involved in bone formation-RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Hence, biosilica has been proposed to have a potential in prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis and related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany,
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