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Tundo GR, Grasso G, Persico M, Tkachuk O, Bellia F, Bocedi A, Marini S, Parravano M, Graziani G, Fattorusso C, Sbardella D. The Insulin-Degrading Enzyme from Structure to Allosteric Modulation: New Perspectives for Drug Design. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1492. [PMID: 37892174 PMCID: PMC10604886 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a Zn2+ peptidase originally discovered as the main enzyme involved in the degradation of insulin and other amyloidogenic peptides, such as the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Therefore, a role for the IDE in the cure of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been long envisaged. Anyway, its role in degrading amyloidogenic proteins remains not clearly defined and, more recently, novel non-proteolytic functions of the IDE have been proposed. From a structural point of view, the IDE presents an atypical clamshell structure, underscoring unique enigmatic enzymological properties. A better understanding of the structure-function relationship may contribute to solving some existing paradoxes of IDE biology and, in light of its multifunctional activity, might lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Department of Clinical Science and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Oleh Tkachuk
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Science and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.)
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
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Molecular Modeling Guided Drug Designing for the Therapeutic Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7360782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that can cause destructive joint disease, significant disability, and increased mortality. RA is the most frequent of all chronic inflammatory joint diseases, and its prevalence frequency in Pakistan is 1.6 per thousand people. Different cytokines and receptors were involved in the triggering of RA, including interleukin-6 (ILR-6), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen human leukocyte (HLA-DR) receptor, and CD20. Several studies illustrated RA as an inherent immune response and triggered due to the “shared epitope.” Therefore, the involvement of all these receptors (IL-6, HLA-DR, and CD20) leads to the neurological, ocular, respiratory, cardiac, skin, and hematological manifestations that have been considered a potential therapeutic target for drug design. Various herbal, natural, and synthetic source inhibitors of interleukin-6 (IL-6), human leukocyte (HLA-DR), and CD20 were studied and reported previously. Reported inhibitors are compared to elucidate the best inhibitor for clinical trials, leading to the orally active drug. In this study, a computer-aided drug designing approach disclosed the potential inhibitors for all receptors based on their distinct binding affinity. Moreover, drug suitability was carried out using Lipinski’s rule by considering the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of ligands. Results elucidated “calycosin 7-O-glucoside” and “angeliferulate” as putative ligands for IL-6 and HLA-DR, respectively. However, the pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) revealed angeliferulate as an effete ligand for the biological system compared to calycosin 7-O-glucoside. Based on docking, drug toxicity profiling or pharmacokinetics, and MD simulation stability, this study highlights orally active therapeutic inhibitors to inhibit the activity of pivotal receptors (IL6, HLA-DR, and CD20) of RA in humans. After clinical trials, the resultant inhibitors could be potential therapeutic agents in the drug development against RA.
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Fursht O, Liran M, Nash Y, Medala VK, Ini D, Royal TG, Goldsmith G, Nahary L, Benhar I, Frenkel D. Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Improves Insulin Activity in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835774. [PMID: 35350789 PMCID: PMC8958001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that may lead to different life-threatening complications. While insulin constitutes a beneficial treatment, its use may be limited due to increased degradation and an increase in side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Small molecule inhibitors to insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) have been previously suggested as a potential treatment for diabetes through their ability to reduce insulin degradation and thus increase insulin activity. Nevertheless, their tendency to bind to the zinc ion in the catalytic site of IDE may affect other important metalloproteases and limit their clinical use. Here, we describe the isolation of an IDE-specific antibody that specifically inhibits insulin degradation by IDE. Using phage display, we generated a human IDE-specific antibody that binds human and mouse IDE with high affinity and specificity and can differentiate between active IDE to a mutated IDE with reduced catalytic activity in the range of 30 nM. We further assessed the ability of that IDE-inhibiting antibody to improve insulin activity in vivo in an STZ-induced diabetes mouse model. Since human antibodies may stimulate the mouse immune response to generate anti-human antibodies, we reformatted our inhibitory antibody to a “reverse chimeric” antibody that maintained the ability to inhibit IDE in vitro, but consisted of mouse constant regions, for reduced immunogenicity. We discovered that one intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the IDE-specific antibody in STZ-induced diabetic mice improved insulin activity in an insulin tolerance test (ITT) assay and reduced blood glucose levels. Our results suggest that antibody-mediated inhibition of IDE may be beneficial on improving insulin activity in a diabetic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Fursht
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mirit Liran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Nash
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vijay Krishna Medala
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Ini
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tabitha Grace Royal
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Goldsmith
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Nahary
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Lesire L, Leroux F, Deprez-Poulain R, Deprez B. Insulin-Degrading Enzyme, an Under-Estimated Potential Target to Treat Cancer? Cells 2022; 11:cells11071228. [PMID: 35406791 PMCID: PMC8998118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a multifunctional protease due to the variety of its substrates, its various cellular locations, its conservation between species and its many non-proteolytic functions. Numerous studies have successfully demonstrated its implication in two main therapeutic areas: metabolic and neuronal diseases. In recent years, several reports have underlined the overexpression of this enzyme in different cancers. Still, the exact role of IDE in the physiopathology of cancer remains to be elucidated. Known as the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of insulin, an essential growth factor for healthy cells and cancer cells, IDE has also been shown to behave like a chaperone and interact with the proteasome. The pharmacological modulation of IDE (siRNA, chemical compounds, etc.) has demonstrated interesting results in cancer models. All these results point towards IDE as a potential target in cancer. In this review, we will discuss evidence of links between IDE and cancer development or resistance, IDE's functions, catalytic or non-catalytic, in the context of cell proliferation, cancer development and the impact of the pharmacomodulation of IDE via cancer therapeutics.
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Azam MS, Wahiduzzaman M, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Islam MN, Roy M. Inhibition of Insulin Degrading Enzyme to Control Diabetes Mellitus and its Applications on some Other Chronic Disease: a Critical Review. Pharm Res 2022; 39:611-629. [PMID: 35378698 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to provide a precise perceptive of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and its relationship to type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to provide clear idea of treating prevalent diseases such as T2D, and AD by molecular pharmacological therapeutics rather than conventional medicinal therapy. METHODS To achieve the aims, molecular docking was performed using several softwares such as LIGPLOT+, Python, and Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler with corresponding tools. RESULTS The IDE is a large zinc-metalloprotease that breakdown numerous pathophysiologically important extracellular substrates, comprising amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and insulin. Recent studies demonstrated that dysregulation of IDE leads to develop AD and T2D. Specifically, IDE regulates circulating insulin in a variety of organs via a degradation-dependent clearance mechanism. IDE is unique because it was subjected to allosteric activation and mediated via an oligomer structure. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarised the factors that modulate insulin reformation by IDE and interaction of IDE and some recent reports on IDE inhibitors against AD and T2D. We also highlighted the latest signs of progress of the function of IDE and challenges in advancing IDE- targetted therapies against T2D and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shofiul Azam
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Wahiduzzaman
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mukta Roy
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
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Kraupner N, Dinh CP, Wen X, Landry V, Herledan A, Leroux F, Bosc D, Charton J, Maillard C, Warenghem S, Duplan I, Piveteau C, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Identification of indole-based activators of insulin degrading enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113982. [PMID: 34815130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves numerous substrates among which amyloid-β and insulin. It has been linked through genetic studies to the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological activation of IDE is an attractive therapeutic strategy in AD. While IDE inhibition gave paradoxal activity in glucose homeostasis, recent studies, in particular in the liver suggest that IDE activators could be also of interest in diabetes. Here we describe the discovery of an original series of IDE activators by screening and structure-activity relationships. Early cellular studies show that hit 1 decreases glucose-stimulating insulin secretion. Docking studies revealed it has an unprecedented extended binding to the polyanion-binding site of IDE. These indole-based pharmacological tools are activators of both Aβ and insulin hydrolysis by IDE and could be helpful to explore the multiple roles of IDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kraupner
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Chau Phi Dinh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Landry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Damien Bosc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Clara Maillard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Warenghem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France.
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7
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Norouzi M, Saghi H, Mohebbati R, Mirzavi F, Afshari AR, Soukhtanloo M. Effects of some anti-diabetic herbal extracts on the insulin-degrading enzyme in human colon cancer Caco-2 cell line. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:548-558. [PMID: 36249459 PMCID: PMC9516401 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.19982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition characterized by insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is responsible for degrading insulin and is a potential drug target for T2DM treatment. Numerous activities have been proposed for plant extracts, but research on the effects of plant extracts on IDE expression and activity is riddled with drawbacks. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effect of Phaseolus vulgaris, Allium cepa, Portulaca oleracea, Cinnamomum verum, and Citrullus colocynthis extracts on the expression and activity of IDE in the Caco-2 cell line. RESULTS Findings of RT-PCR showed that IDE gene expression was reduced following treatment with P. vulgaris, C. colocynthis, and C. verum extracts. The results of IDE activity with fluorogenic peptide substrate V also indicated that P. vulgaris, C. colocynthis, and P. oleracea extracts reduced IDE activity in a significant and dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The hydroalcoholic extracts studied, except for A. cepa, can prevent insulin degradation by reducing the expression and activity of the IDE enzyme. This new insight into the effects of herbal medicines on IDE activity can help future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Norouzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Saghi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-5138002366, Fax: +98-5138828574,
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8
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Theaflavins prevent the onset of diabetes through ameliorating glucose tolerance mediated by promoted incretin secretion in spontaneous diabetic Torii rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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9
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Leissring MA. Insulin-Degrading Enzyme: Paradoxes and Possibilities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092445. [PMID: 34572094 PMCID: PMC8472535 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
More than seven decades have passed since the discovery of a proteolytic activity within crude tissue extracts that would become known as insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Certainly much has been learned about this atypical zinc-metallopeptidase; at the same time, however, many quite fundamental gaps in our understanding remain. Herein, I outline what I consider to be among the most critical unresolved questions within the field, many presenting as intriguing paradoxes. For instance, where does IDE, a predominantly cytosolic protein with no signal peptide or clearly identified secretion mechanism, interact with insulin and other extracellular substrates? Where precisely is IDE localized within the cell, and what are its functional roles in these compartments? How does IDE, a bowl-shaped protein that completely encapsulates its substrates, manage to avoid getting “clogged” and thus rendered inactive virtually immediately? Although these paradoxes are by definition unresolved, I offer herein my personal insights and informed speculations based on two decades working on the biology and pharmacology of IDE and suggest specific experimental strategies for addressing these conundrums. I also offer what I believe to be especially fruitful avenues for investigation made possible by the development of new technologies and IDE-specific reagents. It is my hope that these thoughts will contribute to continued progress elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of this important peptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm A Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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10
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Sousa L, Guarda M, Meneses MJ, Macedo MP, Vicente Miranda H. Insulin-degrading enzyme: an ally against metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. J Pathol 2021; 255:346-361. [PMID: 34396529 DOI: 10.1002/path.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) function goes far beyond its known proteolytic role as a regulator of insulin levels. IDE has a wide substrate promiscuity, degrading several proteins such as amyloid-β peptide, glucagon, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and insulin-like growth factors, that have diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. Importantly, IDE plays other non-proteolytical functions such as a chaperone/dead-end chaperone, an E1-ubiquitin activating enzyme, and a proteasome modulator. It also responds as a heat shock protein, regulating cellular proteostasis. Notably, amyloidogenic proteins such as IAPP, amyloid-β and α-synuclein have been reported as substrates for IDE chaperone activity. This is of utmost importance as failure of IDE may result in increased protein aggregation, a key hallmark in the pathogenesis of beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus and of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we focus on the biochemical and biophysical properties of IDE and the regulation of its physiological functions. We further raise the hypothesis that IDE plays a central role in the pathological context of dysmetabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Sousa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Guarda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Paula Macedo
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina - iBiMED, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Nash Y, Ganoth A, Borenstein-Auerbach N, Levy-Barazany H, Goldsmith G, Kopelevich A, Pozyuchenko K, Sakhneny L, Lazdon E, Blanga-Kanfi S, Alhadeff R, Benromano T, Landsman L, Tsfadia Y, Frenkel D. From virus to diabetes therapy: Characterization of a specific insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitor for diabetes treatment. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21374. [PMID: 33835493 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901945r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a possible target for treating diabetes. However, it has not yet evolved into a medical intervention, mainly because most developed inhibitors target the zinc in IDE's catalytic site, potentially causing toxicity to other essential metalloproteases. Since IDE is a cellular receptor for the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), we constructed a VZV-based inhibitor. We computationally characterized its interaction site with IDE showing that the peptide specifically binds inside IDE's central cavity, however, not in close proximity to the zinc ion. We confirmed the peptide's effective inhibition on IDE activity in vitro and showed its efficacy in ameliorating insulin-related defects in types 1 and 2 diabetes mouse models. In addition, we suggest that inhibition of IDE may ameliorate the pro-inflammatory profile of CD4+ T-cells toward insulin. Together, we propose a potential role of a designed VZV-derived peptide to serve as a selectively-targeted and as an efficient diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Nash
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Ganoth
- The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofit Borenstein-Auerbach
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hilit Levy-Barazany
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Goldsmith
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Kopelevich
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Katia Pozyuchenko
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lina Sakhneny
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Lazdon
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Blanga-Kanfi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael Alhadeff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tali Benromano
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Tsfadia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Adamek RN, Suire CN, Stokes RW, Brizuela MK, Cohen SM, Leissring MA. Hydroxypyridinethione Inhibitors of Human Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1775-1787. [PMID: 33686743 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a human mononuclear Zn2+ -dependent metalloenzyme that is widely regarded as the primary peptidase responsible for insulin degradation. Despite its name, IDE is also critically involved in the hydrolysis of several other disparate peptide hormones, including glucagon, amylin, and the amyloid β-protein. As such, the study of IDE inhibition is highly relevant to deciphering the role of IDE in conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease. There have been few reported IDE inhibitors, and of these, inhibitors that directly target the active-site Zn2+ ion have yet to be fully explored. In an effort to discover new, zinc-targeting inhibitors of IDE, a library of ∼350 metal-binding pharmacophores was screened against IDE, resulting in the identification of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (1,2-HOPTO) as an effective Zn2+ -binding scaffold. Screening a focused library of HOPTO compounds identified 3-sulfonamide derivatives of 1,2-HOPTO as inhibitors of IDE (Ki values of ∼50 μM). Further structure-activity relationship studies yielded several thiophene-sulfonamide HOPTO derivatives with good, broad-spectrum activity against IDE that have the potential to be useful pharmacological tools for future studies of IDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ryjul W Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monica K Brizuela
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Malcolm A Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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13
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Leissring MA, González-Casimiro CM, Merino B, Suire CN, Perdomo G. Targeting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in Insulin Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052235. [PMID: 33668109 PMCID: PMC7956289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insulin clearance, a physiological process that in response to nutritional cues clears ~50–80% of circulating insulin, is emerging as an important factor in our understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a highly conserved Zn2+-metalloprotease that degrades insulin and several other intermediate-size peptides. Both, insulin clearance and IDE activity are reduced in diabetic patients, albeit the cause-effect relationship in humans remains unproven. Because historically IDE has been proposed as the main enzyme involved in insulin degradation, efforts in the development of IDE inhibitors as therapeutics in diabetic patients has attracted attention during the last decades. In this review, we retrace the path from Mirsky’s seminal discovery of IDE to the present, highlighting the pros and cons of the development of IDE inhibitors as a pharmacological approach to treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm A. Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.); (G.P.); Tel.: +1-904-254-3050 (M.A.L.); +34-983-184-805 (G.P.)
| | - Carlos M. González-Casimiro
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (B.M.)
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (B.M.)
| | - Caitlin N. Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA;
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.); (G.P.); Tel.: +1-904-254-3050 (M.A.L.); +34-983-184-805 (G.P.)
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14
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Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010086. [PMID: 33477364 PMCID: PMC7830943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed metalloprotease that degrades insulin and several other intermediate-size peptides. For many decades, IDE had been assumed to be involved primarily in hepatic insulin clearance, a key process that regulates availability of circulating insulin levels for peripheral tissues. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that IDE has several other important physiological functions relevant to glucose and insulin homeostasis, including the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Investigation of mice with tissue-specific genetic deletion of Ide in the liver and pancreatic β-cells (L-IDE-KO and B-IDE-KO mice, respectively) has revealed additional roles for IDE in the regulation of hepatic insulin action and sensitivity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about IDE’s function as a regulator of insulin secretion and hepatic insulin sensitivity, both evaluating the classical view of IDE as an insulin protease and also exploring evidence for several non-proteolytic functions. Insulin proteostasis and insulin sensitivity have both been highlighted as targets controlling blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes, so a clearer understanding the physiological functions of IDE in pancreas and liver could led to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of this disease.
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15
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Target Enzymes Considered for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2010728. [PMID: 33224974 PMCID: PMC7669341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various amyloidogenic proteins have been suggested to be involved in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Particularly, the aggregation of misfolded amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau and α-synuclein are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and PD, respectively. In order to care the diseases, multiple small molecules have been developed to regulate the aggregation pathways of these amyloid proteins. In addition to controlling the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, maintaining the levels of the proteins in the brain by amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE; neprilysin (NEP), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), and ADAM10) is also essential to cure AD and PD. Therefore, numerous biological molecules and chemical agents have been investigated as either inducer or inhibitor against the levels and activities of ADE. Although the side effect of enhancing the activity of ADE could occur, the removal of amyloidogenic proteins could result in a relatively good strategy to treat AD and PD. Furthermore, since the causes of ND are diverse, various multifunctional (multitarget) chemical agents have been designed to control the actions of multiple risk factors of ND, including amyloidogenic proteins, metal ions, and reactive oxygen species. Many of them, however, were invented without considerations of regulating ADE levels and actions. Incorporation of previously created molecules with the chemical agents handling ADE could be a promising way to treat AD and PD. This review introduces the ADE and molecules capable of modulating the activity and expression of ADE.
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Suire CN, Brizuela MK, Leissring MA. Quantitative, High-Throughput Assays for Proteolytic Degradation of Amylin. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3040081. [PMID: 33255272 PMCID: PMC7711817 DOI: 10.3390/mps3040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylin is a pancreatic peptide hormone that regulates glucose homeostasis but also aggregates to form islet amyloid in type-2 diabetes. Given its role in both health and disease, there is renewed interest in proteolytic degradation of amylin by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and other proteases. Here, we describe the development and detailed characterization of three novel assays for amylin degradation, two based on a fluoresceinated and biotinylated form of rodent amylin (fluorescein-rodent amylin-biotin, FrAB), which can be used for any amylin protease, and another based on an internally quenched fluorogenic substrate (FRET-based amylin, FRAM), which is more specific for IDE. The FrAB-based substrate can be used in a readily implemented fluorescence-based protocol or in a fluorescence polarization (FP)-based protocol that is more amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS), whereas the FRAM substrate has the advantage of permitting continuous monitoring of proteolytic activity. All three assays yield highly quantitative data and are resistant to DMSO, and the FRAM and FP-based FrAB assay are ideally suited to HTS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N. Suire
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (C.N.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Monica K. Brizuela
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (C.N.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Malcolm A. Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (C.N.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Microglia Do Not Take Up Soluble Amyloid-beta Peptides, But Partially Degrade Them by Secreting Insulin-degrading Enzyme. Neuroscience 2020; 443:30-43. [PMID: 32697980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in part, by affecting the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Most studies, however, used synthetic soluble Aβ (sAβ) at higher concentrations. The exact mechanisms underlying microglia-mediated clearance of physiological sAβ at very low concentrations remain unclear. Here we reported that there were much more Iba-1- and CD68-positive microglia and significantly less sAβ left in the brain of adult mice 5 days after the surgery of sAβ microinjection compared to 2 h after the surgery (p < 0.05). However, very few Iba-1- and CD68-positive microglia co-localized with microinjected fluorescently labeled sAβ (FLsAβ42) 5 days after the surgery. Also, there was no co-localization of FLsAβ42 with a lysosomal marker (LAMP-1) 5 days after the surgery. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Aβ+/PE-CD11b+/APC-CD45low microglia between the control group and the group microinjected with TBS-soluble Aβ extracted from the brains of AD patients (p > 0.05). The degradation of physiological sAβ was prevented by a highly selective insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitor (Ii1) but not by a phagocytosis inhibitor (polyinosinic acid) or pinocytosis inhibitor (cytochalasin B) in vitro. Furthermore, the reduction of synthetic and physiological sAβ in the brain was partially prevented by the co-injection of Ii1 in vivo (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that microglia do not take up synthetic or physiological sAβ, but partially degrade it via the secretion of insulin-degrading enzyme, which will be beneficial for understanding how sAβ is removed from the brain by microglia.
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Hartman K, Mielczarek P, Smoluch M, Silberring J. Inhibitors of neuropeptide peptidases engaged in pain and drug dependence. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108137. [PMID: 32526240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to a broad spectrum of functions performed by neuropeptides, this class of signaling molecules attracts an increasing interest. One of the key steps in the regulation of biological activity of neuropeptides is proteolytic conversion or degradation by proteinases that change or terminate biological activity of native peptides. These enzymes, in turn, are regulated by inhibitors, which play integral role in controlling many metabolic pathways. Thus, the search for selective inhibitors and detailed knowledge on the mechanisms of binding of these substances to enzymes, could be of importance for designing new pharmacological approaches. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the inhibitors of enzymes that convert selected groups of neuropeptides, such as dynorphins, enkephalins, substance P and NPFF fragments. The importance of these substances in pathophysiological processes involved in pain and drug addiction, have been discussed. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Hartman
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Pugia MJ, Pradhan M, Qi R, Eastes DL, Vorsilak A, Mills BJ, Baird Z, Wijeratne A, McAhren SM, Mosley A, Shekhar A, Robertson DH. Utilization of electronic health records for the assessment of adiponectin receptor autoantibodies during the progression of cardio-metabolic comorbidities. ARCHIVES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 2020; 1:17-27. [PMID: 33511378 PMCID: PMC7839988 DOI: 10.46439/autoimmune.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a complex, multi-symptomatic disease whose complications drives increases in healthcare costs as the diabetes prevalence grows rapidly world-wide. Real-world electronic health records (EHRs) coupled with patient biospecimens, biological understanding, and technologies can characterize emerging diagnostic autoimmune markers resulting from proteomic discoveries. METHODS Circulating autoantibodies for C-terminal fragments of adiponectin receptor 1 (IgG-CTF) were measured by immunoassay to establish the reference range using midpoint samples from 1862 participants in a 20-year observational study of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular arterial disease (CVAD) conducted by the Fairbanks Institute. The White Blood Cell elastase activity in these patients was assessed using immunoassays for Bikunin and Uristatin. Participants were assigned to four cohorts (healthy, T2D, CV, CV+T2D) based on analysis of their EHRs and the diagnostic biomarkers values and patient status were assessed ten-years post-sample. RESULTS The IgG-CTF reference range was determined to be 75-821 ng/mL and IgG-CTF out-of-range values did not predict cohort or comorbidity as determined from the EHRs at 10 years after sample collection nor did IgG-CTF demonstrate a significant risk for comorbidity or death. Many patients at sample collection time had other conditions (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or other risk factors) of which only hypertension, Uristatin and Bikunin values correlated with increased risk of developing additional comorbidities (odds ratio 2.58-13.11, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that retrospective analysis of biorepositories coupled with EHRs can establish reference ranges for novel autoimmune diagnostic markers and provide insights into prediction of specific health outcomes and correlations to other markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pugia
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Meeta Pradhan
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Rong Qi
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Doreen L. Eastes
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Anna Vorsilak
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Bradley J. Mills
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Zane Baird
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | | | - Scott M. McAhren
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Amber Mosley
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | | | - Daniel H. Robertson
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Fernández-Díaz CM, Merino B, López-Acosta JF, Cidad P, de la Fuente MA, Lobatón CD, Moreno A, Leissring MA, Perdomo G, Cózar-Castellano I. Pancreatic β-cell-specific deletion of insulin-degrading enzyme leads to dysregulated insulin secretion and β-cell functional immaturity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E805-E819. [PMID: 31479304 PMCID: PMC7132327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) has been proposed as a possible therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes treatment. However, many aspects of IDE's role in glucose homeostasis need to be clarified. In light of this, new preclinical models are required to elucidate the specific role of this protease in the main tissues related to insulin handling. To address this, here we generated a novel line of mice with selective deletion of the Ide gene within pancreatic beta-cells, B-IDE-KO mice, which have been characterized in terms of multiple metabolic end points, including blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was quantified in isolated pancreatic islets and beta-cell differentiation markers and insulin secretion machinery were characterized by RT-PCR. Additionally, IDE was genetically and pharmacologically inhibited in INS-1E cells and rodent and human islets, and insulin secretion was assessed. Our results show that, in vivo, life-long deletion of IDE from beta-cells results in increased plasma C-peptide levels. Corroborating these findings, isolated islets from B-IDE-KO mice showed constitutive insulin secretion, a hallmark of beta-cell functional immaturity. Unexpectedly, we found 60% increase in Glut1 (a high-affinity/low-Km glucose transporter), suggesting increased glucose transport into the beta-cell at low glucose levels, which may be related to constitutive insulin secretion. In parallel, IDE inhibition in INS-1E and islet cells resulted in impaired insulin secretion after glucose challenge. We conclude that IDE is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. When IDE is inhibited, insulin secretion machinery is perturbed, causing either inhibition of insulin release at high glucose concentrations or constitutive secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Fernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José F López-Acosta
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen D Lobatón
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Moreno
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Malcolm A Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
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Leroux F, Bosc D, Beghyn T, Hermant P, Warenghem S, Landry V, Pottiez V, Guillaume V, Charton J, Herledan A, Urata S, Liang W, Sheng L, Tang WJ, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Identification of ebselen as a potent inhibitor of insulin degrading enzyme by a drug repurposing screening. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:557-566. [PMID: 31276900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme, IDE, is a metalloprotease implicated in the metabolism of key peptides such as insulin, glucagon, β-amyloid peptide. Recent studies have pointed out its broader role in the cell physiology. In order to identify new drug-like inhibitors of IDE with optimal pharmacokinetic properties to probe its multiple roles, we ran a high-throughput drug repurposing screening. Ebselen, cefmetazole and rabeprazole were identified as reversible inhibitors of IDE. Ebselen is the most potent inhibitor (IC50(insulin) = 14 nM). The molecular mode of action of ebselen was investigated by biophysical methods. We show that ebselen induces the disorder of the IDE catalytic cleft, which significantly differs from the previously reported IDE inhibitors. IDE inhibition by ebselen can explain some of its reported activities in metabolism as well as in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Damien Bosc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Paul Hermant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Warenghem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Landry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Pottiez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Guillaume
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Urata
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Wenguang Liang
- Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, United States
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Wei-Jen Tang
- Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, United States
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; APTEEUS, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, F-59000, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F- 75231, Paris, France.
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Substrate-selective inhibitors that reprogram the activity of insulin-degrading enzyme. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:565-574. [PMID: 31086331 PMCID: PMC6551522 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes that act on multiple substrates are common in biology but pose unique challenges as therapeutic targets. The metalloprotease insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) modulates blood glucose levels by cleaving insulin, a hormone that promotes glucose clearance. However, IDE also degrades glucagon, a hormone that elevates glucose levels and opposes the effect of insulin. IDE inhibitors to treat diabetes therefore should prevent IDE-mediated insulin degradation, but not glucagon degradation, in contrast with traditional modes of enzyme inhibition. Using a high-throughput screen for non-active-site ligands, we discovered potent and highly specific small-molecule inhibitors that alter IDE’s substrate selectivity. X-ray co-crystal structures, including an IDE-ligand-glucagon ternary complex, revealed substrate-dependent interactions that enable these inhibitors to potently block insulin binding while allowing glucagon cleavage, even at saturating inhibitor concentrations. These findings suggest a path for developing IDE-targeting therapeutics, and offer a blueprint for modulating other enzymes in a substrate-selective manner to unlock their therapeutic potential.
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Lassiter K, Kong BC, Piekarski-Welsher A, Dridi S, Bottje WG. Gene Expression Essential for Myostatin Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Development Is Associated With Divergent Feed Efficiency in Pedigree Male Broilers. Front Physiol 2019; 10:126. [PMID: 30873041 PMCID: PMC6401619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Feed efficiency (FE, gain to feed) is an important genetic trait as 70% of the cost of raising animals is due to feed costs. The objective of this study was to determine mRNA expression of genes involved in muscle development and hypertrophy, and the insulin receptor-signaling pathway in breast muscle associated with the phenotypic expression of FE. Methods: Breast muscle samples were obtained from Pedigree Male (PedM) broilers (8 to 10 week old) that had been individually phenotyped for FE between 6 and 7 week of age. The high FE group gained more weight but consumed the same amount of feed compared to the low FE group. Total RNA was extracted from breast muscle (n = 6 per group) and mRNA expression of target genes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Targeted gene expression analysis in breast muscle of the high FE phenotype revealed that muscle development may be fostered in the high FE PedM phenotype by down-regulation several components of the myostatin signaling pathway genes combined with upregulation of genes that enhance muscle formation and growth. There was also evidence of genetic architecture that would foster muscle protein synthesis in the high FE phenotype. A clear indication of differences in insulin signaling between high and low FE phenotypes was not apparent in this study. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a gene expression architecture is present in breast muscle of PedM broilers exhibiting high FE that would support enhanced muscle development-differentiation as well as protein synthesis compared to PedM broilers exhibiting low FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Byungwhi Caleb Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Walter Gay Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Yang D, Qin W, Shi X, Zhu B, Xie M, Zhao H, Teng B, Wu Y, Zhao R, Yin F, Ren P, Liu L, Li Z. Stabilized β-Hairpin Peptide Inhibits Insulin Degrading Enzyme. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8174-8185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Weirong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bili Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Teng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongtong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Peigen Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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25
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Suire CN, Lane S, Leissring MA. Development and Characterization of Quantitative, High-Throughput-Compatible Assays for Proteolytic Degradation of Glucagon. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:1060-1069. [PMID: 29995452 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon is a vital peptide hormone involved in the regulation of blood sugar under fasting conditions. Although the processes underlying glucagon production and secretion are well understood, far less is known about its degradation, which could conceivably be manipulated pharmacologically for therapeutic benefit. We describe here the development of novel assays for glucagon degradation, based on fluoresceinated and biotinylated glucagon (FBG) labeled at the N- and C-termini, respectively. Proteolysis at any peptide bond within FBG separates the fluorescent label from the biotin tag, which can be quantified in multiple ways. In one method requiring no specialized equipment, intact FBG is separated from the cleaved fluoresceinated fragments using NeutrAvidin agarose beads, and hydrolysis is quantified by fluorescence. In an alternative, high-throughput-compatible method, the degree of hydrolysis is quantified using fluorescence polarization after addition of unmodified avidin. Using a known glucagon protease, we confirm that FBG is cleaved at similar sites as unmodified glucagon and use both methods to quantify the kinetic parameters of FBG degradation. We show further that the fluorescence polarization-based assay performs exceptionally well ( Z'-factor values >0.80) in a high-throughput, mix-and-measure format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N Suire
- 1 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shelley Lane
- 1 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm A Leissring
- 1 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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26
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Neyazi N, Motevaseli E, Khorramizadeh MR, Mohammadi Farsani T, Nouri Z, Nasli Esfahani E, Ghahremani MH. Inhibition of Insulin Degrading Enzyme and Insulin Degradation by UV-Killed Lactobacillus acidophilus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6:medsci6020036. [PMID: 29751685 PMCID: PMC6024763 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have beneficial effects on management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The major hallmarks of T2D are insulin deficiency and insulin resistance which emphasize insulin therapy in onset of disease. Lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) have well known properties on prevention of T2D and insulin resistance but not on insulin degradation. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades insulin in the human body. We studied the effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) and ultraviolet (UV)-killed L. acidophilus (ATCC 314) on IDE activity and insulin degradation in vitro. Cell growth inhibition by CFS and UV-killed L. acidophilus (ATCC 314) was studied and Western blotting and a fluoregenic assay was performed to determine IDE expression and its activity, respectively. Insulin degradation was evaluated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). IDE expression and activity was reduced by CFS and UV-killed L. acidophilus (ATCC 314). Although, decreased enzyme expression and activity was not significant for CFS in contrast to MRL (MRS with same pH as CFS). Also, reduction in IDE activity was not statistically considerable when compared to IDE expression. Insulin degradation was increased by CFS but decreased by UV-killed L. acidophilus (ATCC 314).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Neyazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Taiebeh Mohammadi Farsani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Zahra Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
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27
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Suire CN, Nainar S, Fazio M, Kreutzer AG, Paymozd-Yazdi T, Topper CL, Thompson CR, Leissring MA. Peptidic inhibitors of insulin-degrading enzyme with potential for dermatological applications discovered via phage display. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193101. [PMID: 29447281 PMCID: PMC5814047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an atypical zinc-metalloendopeptidase that hydrolyzes insulin and other intermediate-sized peptide hormones, many of which are implicated in skin health and wound healing. Pharmacological inhibitors of IDE administered internally have been shown to slow the breakdown of insulin and thereby potentiate insulin action. Given the importance of insulin and other IDE substrates for a variety of dermatological processes, pharmacological inhibitors of IDE suitable for topical applications would be expected to hold significant therapeutic and cosmetic potential. Existing IDE inhibitors, however, are prohibitively expensive, difficult to synthesize and of undetermined toxicity. Here we used phage display to discover novel peptidic inhibitors of IDE, which were subsequently characterized in vitro and in cell culture assays. Among several peptide sequences tested, a cyclic dodecapeptide dubbed P12-3A was found to potently inhibit the degradation of insulin (Ki = 2.5 ± 0.31 μM) and other substrates by IDE, while also being resistant to degradation, stable in biological milieu, and highly selective for IDE. In cell culture, P12-3A was shown to potentiate several insulin-induced processes, including the transcription, translation and secretion of alpha-1 type I collagen in primary murine skin fibroblasts, and the migration of keratinocytes in a scratch wound migration assay. By virtue of its potency, stability, specificity for IDE, low cost of synthesis, and demonstrated ability to potentiate insulin-induced processes involved in wound healing and skin health, P12-3A holds significant therapeutic and cosmetic potential for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N. Suire
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nainar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Fazio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tara Paymozd-Yazdi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn L. Topper
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline R. Thompson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A. Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020476. [PMID: 29415457 PMCID: PMC5855698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes. However, until recently, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. The breakthrough discovery that the common polymorphism in zinc transporter SLC30A8/ZnT8 may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes provided novel insights into the role of zinc in diabetes. Our group and others showed that altered ZnT8 function may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, indicating that the precise control of zinc homeostasis is crucial for maintaining health and preventing various diseases, including lifestyle-associated diseases. Recently, the role of the zinc transporter ZIP13 in the regulation of beige adipocyte biogenesis was clarified, which indicated zinc homeostasis regulation as a possible therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Here we review advances in the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology of diabetes, and propose that inadequate zinc distribution may affect the onset of diabetes and metabolic diseases by regulating various critical biological events.
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29
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Insulin-degrading enzyme is not secreted from cultured cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2335. [PMID: 29402917 PMCID: PMC5799172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) functions in the catabolism of bioactive peptides. Established roles include degrading insulin and the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), linking it to diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. IDE is primarily located in the cytosol, and a longstanding question is how it gains access to its peptide substrates. Reports suggest that IDE secreted by an unconventional pathway participates in extracellular hydrolysis of insulin and Aβ. We find that IDE release from cultured HEK-293 or BV-2 cells represents only ~1% of total cellular IDE, far less than has been reported previously. Importantly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other cytosolic enzymes are released at the same relative level, indicating that extracellular IDE results from a loss of cell integrity, not secretion. Lovastatin increases IDE release from BV-2 cells as reported, but this release is mirrored by LDH release. Cell viability assays indicate lovastatin causes a loss of cell integrity, explaining its effect on IDE release. IDE is present in an exosome-enriched fraction from BV-2 cell conditioned media, however it represents only ~0.01% of the total cellular enzyme and is unlikely to be a significant source of IDE. These results call into question the secretion of IDE and its importance in extracellular peptide degradation.
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30
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Interleukin-6 increases the expression and activity of insulin-degrading enzyme. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46750. [PMID: 28429777 PMCID: PMC5399448 DOI: 10.1038/srep46750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we used 4-mo-old male C57BL/6 interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockout mice (KO) to investigate the role of this cytokine on IDE expression and activity. IL-6 KO mice displayed lower insulin clearance in the liver and skeletal muscle, compared with wild type (WT), due to reduced IDE expression and activity. We also observed that after 3-h incubation, IL-6, 50 and 100 ng ml−1, increased the expression of IDE in HEPG2 and C2C12 cells, respectively. In addition, during acute exercise, the inhibition of IL-6 prevented an increase in insulin clearance and IDE expression and activity, mainly in the skeletal muscle. Finally, IL-6 and IDE concentrations were significantly increased in plasma from humans, after an acute exercise, compared to pre-exercise values. Although the increase in plasma IDE activity was only marginal, a positive correlation between IL-6 and IDE activity, and between IL-6 and IDE protein expression, was observed. Our outcomes indicate a novel function of IL-6 on the insulin metabolism expanding the possibilities for new potential therapeutic strategies, focused on insulin degradation, for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases related to hyperinsulinemia, such as obesity and T2DM.
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31
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de Matos AM, de Macedo MP, Rauter AP. Bridging Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Assembling the Puzzle Pieces in the Quest for the Molecules With Therapeutic and Preventive Potential. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:261-324. [PMID: 28422298 DOI: 10.1002/med.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two age-related amyloid diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Broadly supported by epidemiological data, the higher incidence of AD among type 2 diabetic patients led to the recognition of T2D as a tangible risk factor for the development of AD. Indeed, there is now growing evidence on brain structural and functional abnormalities arising from brain insulin resistance and deficiency, ultimately highlighting the need for new approaches capable of preventing the development of AD in type 2 diabetic patients. This review provides an update on overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways in T2D and AD, such as amyloidogenic events, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, aberrant enzymatic activity, and even shared genetic background. These events will be presented as puzzle pieces put together, thus establishing potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development against T2D and diabetes-induced cognitive decline-a heavyweight contributor to the increasing incidence of dementia in developed countries. Hoping to pave the way in this direction, we will present some of the most promising and well-studied drug leads with potential against both pathologies, including their respective bioactivity reports, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta de Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula de Macedo
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pilar Rauter
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Arai K, Takei T, Okumura M, Watanabe S, Amagai Y, Asahina Y, Moroder L, Hojo H, Inaba K, Iwaoka M. Preparation of Selenoinsulin as a Long‐Lasting Insulin Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 2-1-1 Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 2-1-1 Japan
| | - Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 2-1-1 Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Luis Moroder
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 2-1-1 Japan
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
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Arai K, Takei T, Okumura M, Watanabe S, Amagai Y, Asahina Y, Moroder L, Hojo H, Inaba K, Iwaoka M. Preparation of Selenoinsulin as a Long-Lasting Insulin Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5522-5526. [PMID: 28394477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic insulin analogues with a long lifetime are current drug targets for the therapy of diabetic patients. The replacement of the interchain disulfide with a diselenide bridge, which is more resistant to reduction and internal bond rotation, can enhance the lifetime of insulin in the presence of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) without impairing the hormonal function. The [C7UA ,C7UB ] variant of bovine pancreatic insulin (BPIns) was successfully prepared by using two selenocysteine peptides (i.e., the C7U analogues of A- and B-chains, respectively). In a buffer solution at pH 10 they spontaneously assembled under thermodynamic control to the correct insulin fold. The selenoinsulin (Se-Ins) exhibited a bioactivity comparable to that of BPIns. Interestingly, degradation of Se-Ins with IDE was significantly decelerated (τ1/2 ≈8 h vs. ≈1 h for BPIns). The lifetime enhancement could be due to both the intrinsic stability of the diselenide bond and local conformational changes induced by the substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 2-1-1, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 2-1-1, Japan
| | - Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 2-1-1, Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Luis Moroder
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 2-1-1, Japan
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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34
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Song ES, Jang H, Guo HF, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Morris AJ, Galperin E, Rodgers DW, Hersh LB. Inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides activate insulin-degrading enzyme, while phosphoinositides also mediate binding to endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2826-E2835. [PMID: 28325868 PMCID: PMC5389272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613447114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) hydrolyzes bioactive peptides, including insulin, amylin, and the amyloid β peptides. Polyanions activate IDE toward some substrates, yet an endogenous polyanion activator has not yet been identified. Here we report that inositol phosphates (InsPs) and phosphatdidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) serve as activators of IDE. InsPs and PtdInsPs interact with the polyanion-binding site located on an inner chamber wall of the enzyme. InsPs activate IDE by up to ∼95-fold, affecting primarily Vmax The extent of activation and binding affinity correlate with the number of phosphate groups on the inositol ring, with phosphate positional effects observed. IDE binds PtdInsPs from solution, immobilized on membranes, or presented in liposomes. Interaction with PtdInsPs, likely PtdIns(3)P, plays a role in localizing IDE to endosomes, where the enzyme reportedly encounters physiological substrates. Thus, InsPs and PtdInsPs can serve as endogenous modulators of IDE activity, as well as regulators of its intracellular spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - HyeIn Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Louis B Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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35
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Elseweidy MM, Amin RS, Atteia HH, Ali MA. Vitamin D3 intake as regulator of insulin degrading enzyme and insulin receptor phosphorylation in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:155-159. [PMID: 27930980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE, insulysin) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the insulin degradation process. It is an intracellular 110-kDa thiol zinc-metalloendopeptidase located in the cytosol, peroxisomes, endosomes and cell surface. IDE catalyzes degradation of several small proteins including insulin, amylin and β-amyloid protein. In addition, insulin clearance was expressed as a target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes given the role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. In this study, fourtyadult male Wistar albino rats were used, thirty rats received 20% fructose in drinking water (HFW) for six weeks to induce diabetes. Subsequently, these rats developed significantly higher body weights, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to their controls. Significant increase in the levels of serum glucagon, IDE in liver tissue along with an inhibition of insulin receptor phosphorylation were also observed. Concurrent oral administration of vitamin D3 along with HFW resulted in significant decrease of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-C levels. Vitamin D alleviated also insulin resistance, where both IDE, glucagon levels showed significant decrease along with activation of insulin receptor phosphorylation. Normal rats, received vitamin D3 only demonstrated non significant changes of the studied biomarkers. We concluded that vitamin D3 ameliorated insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic rat model received HFW through reduction of IDE and activation of insulin receptor phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawia Sarhan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | | | - Maha Abdo Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
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36
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Pivovarova O, Höhn A, Grune T, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N. Insulin-degrading enzyme: new therapeutic target for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease? Ann Med 2016; 48:614-624. [PMID: 27320287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1197416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a major enzyme responsible for insulin degradation. In addition to insulin, IDE degrades many targets including glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, and beta-amyloid peptide, regulates proteasomal degradation and other cell functions. IDE represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potent and selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for therapies of both diseases. Acute treatment with a novel IDE inhibitor was recently tested in a mouse study as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM. In contrast, effective IDE activators can be used for the AD treatment. However, because of the pleiotropic IDE action, the sustained treatment with systemic IDE modulators should be carefully tested in animal studies. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets. KEY MESSAGES Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for both T2DM and AD treatment. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,e German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
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37
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Aydemir TB, Troche C, Kim MH, Cousins RJ. Hepatic ZIP14-mediated Zinc Transport Contributes to Endosomal Insulin Receptor Trafficking and Glucose Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23939-23951. [PMID: 27703010 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc influences signaling pathways through controlled targeted zinc transport. Zinc transporter Zip14 KO mice display a phenotype that includes impaired intestinal barrier function with low grade chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and increased body fat, which are signatures of diet-induced diabetes (type 2 diabetes) and obesity in humans. Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and obesity is caused by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance results in inhibition of glucose uptake by liver and other peripheral tissues, principally adipose and muscle and with concurrently higher hepatic glucose production. Therefore, modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism is an important target for antidiabetic treatment approaches. We demonstrate that during glucose uptake, cell surface abundance of zinc transporter ZIP14 and mediated zinc transport increases. Zinc is distributed to multiple sites in hepatocytes through sequential translocation of ZIP14 from plasma membrane to early and late endosomes. Endosomes from Zip14 KO mice were zinc-deficient because activities of the zinc-dependent insulin-degrading proteases insulin-degrading enzyme and cathepsin D were impaired; hence insulin receptor activity increased. Transient increases in cytosolic zinc levels are concurrent with glucose uptake and suppression of glycogen synthesis. In contrast, Zip14 KO mice exhibited greater hepatic glycogen synthesis and impaired gluconeogenesis and glycolysis related to low cytosolic zinc levels. We can conclude that ZIP14-mediated zinc transport contributes to regulation of endosomal insulin receptor activity and glucose homeostasis in hepatocytes. Therefore, modulation of ZIP14 transport activity presents a new target for management of diabetes and other glucose-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Catalina Troche
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Robert J Cousins
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Hogan MF, Meier DT, Zraika S, Templin AT, Mellati M, Hull RL, Leissring MA, Kahn SE. Inhibition of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Does Not Increase Islet Amyloid Deposition in Vitro. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3462-8. [PMID: 27404391 PMCID: PMC5007890 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Islet amyloid deposition in human type 2 diabetes results in β-cell loss. These amyloid deposits contain the unique amyloidogenic peptide human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), which is also a known substrate of the protease insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Whereas IDE inhibition has recently been demonstrated to improve glucose metabolism in mice, inhibiting it has also been shown to increase cell death when synthetic hIAPP is applied exogenously to a β-cell line. Thus, we wanted to determine whether a similar deleterious effect is observed when hIAPP is endogenously produced and secreted from islets. To address this issue, we cultured hIAPP transgenic mouse islets that have the propensity to form amyloid for 48 and 144 hours in 16.7 mM glucose in the presence and absence of the IDE inhibitor 1. At neither time interval did IDE inhibition increase amyloid formation or β-cell loss. Thus, the inhibition of IDE may represent an approach to improve glucose metabolism in human type 2 diabetes, without inducing amyloid deposition and its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Andrew T Templin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Mahnaz Mellati
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Malcolm A Leissring
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (M.F.H., D.T.M., S.Z., A.T.T., M.M., R.L.H., S.E.K.), Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (M.A.L.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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Wei Q, Ran T, Ma C, He J, Xu D, Wang W. Crystal Structure and Function of PqqF Protein in the Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Biosynthetic Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15575-87. [PMID: 27231346 PMCID: PMC4957043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has received considerable attention due to its numerous important physiological functions. PqqA is a precursor peptide of PQQ with two conserved residues: glutamate and tyrosine. After linkage of the Cγ of glutamate and Cϵ of tyrosine by PqqE, these two residues are hypothesized to be cleaved from PqqA by PqqF. The linked glutamate and tyrosine residues are then used to synthesize PQQ. Here, we demonstrated that the pqqF gene is essential for PQQ biosynthesis as deletion of it eliminated the inhibition of prodigiosin production by glucose. We further determined the crystal structure of PqqF, which has a closed clamshell-like shape. The PqqF consists of two halves composed of an N- and a C-terminal lobe. The PqqF-N and PqqF-C lobes form a chamber with the volume of the cavity of ∼9400 Å(3) The PqqF structure conforms to the general structure of inverzincins. Compared with the most thoroughly characterized inverzincin insulin-degrading enzyme, the size of PqqF chamber is markedly smaller, which may define the specificity for its substrate PqqA. Furthermore, the 14-amino acid-residue-long tag formed by the N-terminal tag from expression vector precisely protrudes into the counterpart active site; this N-terminal tag occupies the active site and stabilizes the closed, inactive conformation. His-48, His-52, Glu-129 and His-14 from the N-terminal tag coordinate with the zinc ion. Glu-51 acts as a base catalyst. The observed histidine residue-mediated inhibition may be applicable for the design of a peptide for the inhibition of M16 metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoe Wei
- From the Department of microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China and
| | - Tingting Ran
- From the Department of microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China and
| | - Chencui Ma
- From the Department of microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China and
| | - Jianhua He
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204 Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- From the Department of microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China and
| | - Weiwu Wang
- From the Department of microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China and
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40
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Akhtar MW, Sanz-Blasco S, Dolatabadi N, Parker J, Chon K, Lee MS, Soussou W, McKercher SR, Ambasudhan R, Nakamura T, Lipton SA. Elevated glucose and oligomeric β-amyloid disrupt synapses via a common pathway of aberrant protein S-nitrosylation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10242. [PMID: 26743041 PMCID: PMC4729876 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular mechanism for this association remains poorly defined. Here we report in human and rodent tissues that elevated glucose, as found in MetS/T2DM, and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, thought to be a key mediator of AD, coordinately increase neuronal Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. The increase in NO results in S-nitrosylation of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), thus inhibiting insulin and Aβ catabolism as well as hyperactivating mitochondrial fission machinery. Consequent elevation in Aβ levels and compromise in mitochondrial bioenergetics result in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity and synapse loss in cortical and hippocampal neurons. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine attenuates these effects. Our studies show that redox-mediated posttranslational modification of brain proteins link Aβ and hyperglycaemia to cognitive dysfunction in MetS/T2DM and AD. Alzheimer's disease is linked to metabolic syndrome and Type-2 diabetes, but the mechanism behind this association is unclear. Here, the authors show that elevated glucose and amyloid ß work together to increase nitrosative stress, leading to aberrant mitochondrial activity and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Waseem Akhtar
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - James Parker
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Kevin Chon
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Michelle S Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Walid Soussou
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Quantum Applied Science and Research, 5754 Pacific Center Blvd. Suite 203b, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Scott R McKercher
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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41
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Tang WJ. Targeting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:24-34. [PMID: 26651592 PMCID: PMC4698235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) selectively degrades peptides, such as insulin, amylin, and amyloid β (Aβ) that form toxic aggregates, to maintain proteostasis. IDE defects are linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed the molecular basis for IDE-mediated destruction of amyloidogenic peptides and this information has been exploited to develop promising inhibitors of IDE to improve glucose homeostasis. However, the inhibition of IDE can also lead to glucose intolerance. In this review, I focus on recent advances regarding our understanding of the structure and function of IDE and the discovery of IDE inhibitors, as well as challenges in developing IDE-based therapy for human diseases, particularly T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Tang
- Ben-May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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42
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Novel Druggable Sites of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Identified through Applied Structural Bioinformatics Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schilling MA. Unraveling Alzheimer's: Making Sense of the Relationship between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease1. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:961-77. [PMID: 26967215 PMCID: PMC4927856 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented a strong association between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nature of the relationship, however, has remained a puzzle, in part because of seemingly incongruent findings. For example, some studies have concluded that insulin deficiency is primarily at fault, suggesting that intranasal insulin or inhibiting the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) could be beneficial. Other research has concluded that hyperinsulinemia is to blame, which implies that intranasal insulin or the inhibition of IDE would exacerbate the disease. Such antithetical conclusions pose a serious obstacle to making progress on treatments. However, careful integration of multiple strands of research, with attention to the methods used in different studies, makes it possible to disentangle the research on AD. This integration suggests that there is an important relationship between insulin, IDE, and AD that yields multiple pathways to AD depending on the where deficiency or excess in the cycle occurs. I review evidence for each of these pathways here. The results suggest that avoiding excess insulin, and supporting robust IDE levels, could be important ways of preventing and lessening the impact of AD. I also describe what further tests need to be conducted to verify the arguments made in the paper, and their implications for treating AD.
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Protzek AOP, Rezende LF, Costa-Júnior JM, Ferreira SM, Cappelli APG, de Paula FMM, de Souza JC, Kurauti MA, Carneiro EM, Rafacho A, Boschero AC. Hyperinsulinemia caused by dexamethasone treatment is associated with reduced insulin clearance and lower hepatic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:1-8. [PMID: 26386462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoid treatment induces insulin resistance (IR), which is counteracted by a compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to increased pancreatic β-cell function. There is evidence for also reduced hepatic insulin clearance, but whether this correlates with altered activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the liver, is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether hyperinsulinemia, in glucocorticoid-treated rodents, is associated with any alteration in the insulin clearance and activity of the IDE in the liver. MATERIALS/METHODS Adult male Swiss mice and Wistar rats were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone intraperitoneally [1mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS Glucocorticoid treatment induced IR and hyperinsulinemia in both species, but was more impactful in rats that also displayed glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Insulin clearance was reduced in glucocorticoid-treated rats and mice, as judged by the reduction of insulin decay rate and increased insulin area-under-the-curve (47% and 87%, respectively). These results were associated with reduced activity (35%) of hepatic IDE in rats and a tendency to reduction (p=0.068) in mice, without alteration in hepatic IDE mRNA content, in both species. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the reduced insulin clearance in glucocorticoid-treated rodents was due to the reduction of hepatic IDE activity, at least in rats, which may contributes to the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. These findings corroborate the idea that short-term and/or partial inhibition of IDE activity in the liver could be beneficial for the glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Otávio Peres Protzek
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa-Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gameiro Cappelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Moura de Paula
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jane Cristina de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian Ayumi Kurauti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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45
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Shilo M, Berenstein P, Dreifuss T, Nash Y, Goldsmith G, Kazimirsky G, Motiei M, Frenkel D, Brodie C, Popovtzer R. Insulin-coated gold nanoparticles as a new concept for personalized and adjustable glucose regulation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20489-96. [PMID: 26583784 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by high blood glucose levels, affecting millions of people around the world. Currently, the main treatment for diabetes requires multiple daily injections of insulin and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, which markedly affect patients' quality of life. In this study we present a novel strategy for controlled and prolonged glucose regulation, based on the administration of insulin-coated gold nanoparticles (INS-GNPs). We show that both intravenous and subcutaneous injection of INS-GNPs into a mouse model of type 1 diabetes decreases blood glucose levels for periods over 3 times longer than free insulin. We further showed that conjugation of insulin to GNPs prevented its rapid degradation by the insulin-degrading-enzyme, and thus allows controlled and adjustable bio-activity. Moreover, we assessed different sizes and concentrations of INS-GNPs, and found that both parameters have a critical effect in vivo, enabling specific adjustment of blood glucose levels. These findings have the potential to improve patient compliance in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka Shilo
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Peter Berenstein
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamar Dreifuss
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Yuval Nash
- Department of Neurobiology & Sagol School for Neuroscience, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel and Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel
| | - Guy Goldsmith
- Department of Neurobiology & Sagol School for Neuroscience, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel
| | - Gila Kazimirsky
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology & Sagol School for Neuroscience, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel and Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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46
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Abdul-Hay SO, Bannister TD, Wang H, Cameron MD, Caulfield TR, Masson A, Bertrand J, Howard EA, McGuire MP, Crisafulli U, Rosenberry TR, Topper CL, Thompson CR, Schürer SC, Madoux F, Hodder P, Leissring MA. Selective Targeting of Extracellular Insulin-Degrading Enzyme by Quasi-Irreversible Thiol-Modifying Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2716-24. [PMID: 26398879 PMCID: PMC10127574 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutically important enzymes are present in multiple cellular compartments, where they can carry out markedly different functions; thus, there is a need for pharmacological strategies to selectively manipulate distinct pools of target enzymes. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a thiol-sensitive zinc-metallopeptidase that hydrolyzes diverse peptide substrates in both the cytosol and the extracellular space, but current genetic and pharmacological approaches are incapable of selectively inhibiting the protease in specific subcellular compartments. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization, and kinetics-based optimization of potent benzoisothiazolone-based inhibitors that, by virtue of a unique quasi-irreversible mode of inhibition, exclusively inhibit extracellular IDE. The mechanism of inhibition involves nucleophilic attack by a specific active-site thiol of the enzyme on the inhibitors, which bear an isothiazolone ring that undergoes irreversible ring opening with the formation of a disulfide bond. Notably, binding of the inhibitors is reversible under reducing conditions, thus restricting inhibition to IDE present in the extracellular space. The identified inhibitors are highly potent (IC50(app) = 63 nM), nontoxic at concentrations up to 100 μM, and appear to preferentially target a specific cysteine residue within IDE. These novel inhibitors represent powerful new tools for clarifying the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this poorly understood protease, and their unusual mechanism of action should be applicable to other therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer O. Abdul-Hay
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | | | | | | | - Thomas R. Caulfield
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Amandine Masson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Juliette Bertrand
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Erin A. Howard
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Michael P. McGuire
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Umberto Crisafulli
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Terrone R. Rosenberry
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Caitlyn L. Topper
- Institute
for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Caroline R. Thompson
- Institute
for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephan C. Schürer
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | | | | | - Malcolm A. Leissring
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
- Institute
for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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47
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Mary YS, Varghese HT, Panicker CY, Thiemann T, Al-Saadi AA, Popoola SA, Van Alsenoy C, Al Jasem Y. Molecular conformational analysis, vibrational spectra, NBO, NLO, HOMO-LUMO and molecular docking studies of ethyl 3-(E)-(anthracen-9-yl)prop-2-enoate based on density functional theory calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:533-542. [PMID: 26079511 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of ethyl 3-(E)-(anthracen-9-yl)prop-2-enoate were recorded and analyzed. The conformational behavior of the molecule was also investigated. The vibrational wavenumbers were calculated using DFT quantum chemical calculations. The data obtained from the wavenumber calculations were used to assign vibrational bands obtained experimentally. The geometrical parameters are in agreement with XRD data. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization has been analyzed using NBO analysis. The HOMO and LUMO analysis were used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule and quantum chemical parameters related to the title compound. From the MEP analysis, it is clear that the negative electrostatic potential regions are mainly localized over the carbonyl groups and anthracene ring and are possible sites for electrophilic attack and the positive regions are localized at all the hydrogen atoms as possible sites for nucleophilic attack. NLO and NMR studies are also reported. Molecular docking studies suggest that the title compound might exhibit inhibitory activity against IDE and may act as an insulysin inhibitor. Conformational analysis is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | | | - C Yohannan Panicker
- Department of Physics, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Thies Thiemann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheed A Popoola
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Van Alsenoy
- Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yosef Al Jasem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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48
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Brain signaling systems in the Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: promising target to treat and prevent these diseases. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO25. [PMID: 28031898 PMCID: PMC5137856 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in the brain signaling systems play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS), being a possible cause of these diseases. Therefore, their restoration at the early stages of T2DM and MS can be regarded as a promising way to treat and prevent these diseases and their complications. The data on the functional state of the brain signaling systems regulated by insulin, IGF-1, leptin, dopamine, serotonin, melanocortins and glucagon-like peptide-1, in T2DM and MS, are analyzed. The pharmacological approaches to restoration of these systems and improvement of insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and to prevent diabetic complications are discussed.
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49
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Catalytic site inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme by a small molecule induces glucose intolerance in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8250. [PMID: 26394692 PMCID: PMC4580987 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a protease that cleaves insulin and other bioactive peptides such as amyloid-β. Knockout and genetic studies have linked IDE to Alzheimer's disease and type-2 diabetes. As the major insulin-degrading protease, IDE is a candidate drug target in diabetes. Here we have used kinetic target-guided synthesis to design the first catalytic site inhibitor of IDE suitable for in vivo studies (BDM44768). Crystallographic and small angle X-ray scattering analyses show that it locks IDE in a closed conformation. Among a panel of metalloproteases, BDM44768 selectively inhibits IDE. Acute treatment of mice with BDM44768 increases insulin signalling and surprisingly impairs glucose tolerance in an IDE-dependent manner. These results confirm that IDE is involved in pathways that modulate short-term glucose homeostasis, but casts doubt on the general usefulness of the inhibition of IDE catalytic activity to treat diabetes. Inhibiting insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with diabetes. Here, the authors develop a novel IDE inhibitor but find that, surprisingly, IDE inhibition has negative effects on glucose tolerance in mice.
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50
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Durham TB, Toth JL, Klimkowski VJ, Cao JXC, Siesky AM, Alexander-Chacko J, Wu GY, Dixon JT, McGee JE, Wang Y, Guo SY, Cavitt RN, Schindler J, Thibodeaux SJ, Calvert NA, Coghlan MJ, Sindelar DK, Christe M, Kiselyov VV, Michael MD, Sloop KW. Dual Exosite-binding Inhibitors of Insulin-degrading Enzyme Challenge Its Role as the Primary Mediator of Insulin Clearance in Vivo. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20044-59. [PMID: 26085101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE, insulysin) is the best characterized catabolic enzyme implicated in proteolysis of insulin. Recently, a peptide inhibitor of IDE has been shown to affect levels of insulin, amylin, and glucagon in vivo. However, IDE(-/-) mice display variable phenotypes relating to fasting plasma insulin levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity depending on the cohort and age of animals. Here, we interrogated the importance of IDE-mediated catabolism on insulin clearance in vivo. Using a structure-based design, we linked two newly identified ligands binding at unique IDE exosites together to construct a potent series of novel inhibitors. These compounds do not interact with the catalytic zinc of the protease. Because one of these inhibitors (NTE-1) was determined to have pharmacokinetic properties sufficient to sustain plasma levels >50 times its IDE IC50 value, studies in rodents were conducted. In oral glucose tolerance tests with diet-induced obese mice, NTE-1 treatment improved the glucose excursion. Yet in insulin tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp experiments, NTE-1 did not enhance insulin action or increase plasma insulin levels. Importantly, IDE inhibition with NTE-1 did result in elevated plasma amylin levels, suggesting the in vivo role of IDE action on amylin may be more significant than an effect on insulin. Furthermore, using the inhibitors described in this report, we demonstrate that in HEK cells IDE has little impact on insulin clearance. In total, evidence from our studies supports a minimal role for IDE in insulin metabolism in vivo and suggests IDE may be more important in helping regulate amylin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Toth
- From the Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James E McGee
- From the Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies
| | - Yong Wang
- From the Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies
| | - Sherry Y Guo
- From the Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies
| | | | | | | | - Nathan A Calvert
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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