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Lucie T, Philippe A, Laura DF, Arnaud H, Matthieu W, Julien G, Ika PP. The largest estuary on the planet is not spared from plastic pollution: Case of the St. Lawrence River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116780. [PMID: 39083914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The St. Lawrence River, one of the world's largest estuaries, drains >25 % of the world's freshwater reserves and is affected by various anthropogenic effluents. Although previous studies reported micro- and nanoplastics contamination in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL), this study provides a first evaluation of macroplastic pollution along the north and south shores of the EGSL. Plastic debris categorization was performed according to the OSPAR protocol completed by polymer identification using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The EGSL appeared ubiquitously contaminated by plastic debris, dominated by single-use plastics primarily made of polypropylene (28 %), polyethylene (25 %) and polystyrene (17 %). The EGSL shores exhibited a mean contamination level of 0.17 ± 0.11 items/m2 and distance to Montreal significantly influenced the distribution of plastic debris. This study provides an essential baseline for implementing local waste reduction and management actions in the St. Lawrence watershed to reduce plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toussaint Lucie
- Univ Brest (UBO), IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; TAKUVIK CNRS/Univ Laval, UMI3376, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Archambault Philippe
- TAKUVIK CNRS/Univ Laval, UMI3376, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Del Franco Laura
- TAKUVIK CNRS/Univ Laval, UMI3376, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Huvet Arnaud
- Univ Brest (UBO), IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Waeles Matthieu
- Univ Brest (UBO), IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Gigault Julien
- TAKUVIK CNRS/Univ Laval, UMI3376, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul-Pont Ika
- Univ Brest (UBO), IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Adler AM, Goodell W, Jenkinson R, Knopp JA, Thompson CDH, Timmers M, Walsh CAJ, Sala E. Shallow subtidal marine benthic communities of Nachvak Fjord, Nunatsiavut, Labrador: A glimpse into species composition and drivers of their distribution. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293702. [PMID: 37943756 PMCID: PMC10635441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fjords along the northern Labrador coast of Arctic Canada are influenced by freshwater, nutrients, and sediment inputs from ice fields and rivers. These ecosystems, further shaped by both Atlantic and Arctic water masses, are important habitats for fishes, marine mammals, seabirds, and marine invertebrates and are vital to the Labrador Inuit who have long depended on these areas for sustenance. Despite their ecological and socio-cultural importance, these marine ecosystems remain largely understudied. Here we conducted the first quantitative underwater scuba surveys, down to 12 m, of the nearshore marine ecology of Nachvak Fjord, which is surrounded by Torngat Mountains National Park located in Nunatsiavut, the Indigenous lands claim region of northeastern Canada. Our goal was to provide the Nunatsiavut Government with a baseline of the composition and environmental influences on the subtidal community in this isolated region as they work towards the creation of an Indigenous-led National Marine Conservation Area that includes Nachvak Fjord. We identified four major benthic habitat types: (1) boulders (2) rocks with sediment, (3) sediment with rocks, and (4) unconsolidated sediments, including sand, gravel, and cobble. Biogenic cover (e.g., kelp, coralline algae, and sediment) explained much of the variability in megabenthic invertebrate community structure. The kelp species Alaria esculenta, Saccharina latissima, and Laminaria solidungula dominated the boulder habitat outside of the fjord covering 35%, 13%, and 11% of the sea floor, respectively. In contrast, the middle and inner portions of the fjord were devoid of kelp and dominated by encrusting coralline algae. More diverse megabenthic invertebrate assemblages were detected within the fjord compared to the periphery. Fish assemblages were depauperate overall with the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, and the Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, dominating total fish biomass contributing 64% and 30%, respectively. Understanding the composition and environmental influences within this fjord ecosystem not only contributes towards the protection of this ecological and culturally important region but serves as a baseline in a rapidly changing climatic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | | | - Alyssa M. Adler
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Whitney Goodell
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ryan Jenkinson
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Jennie A. Knopp
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Oceans North, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher D. H. Thompson
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Marine Futures Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, West Australia, Australia
| | - Molly Timmers
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Cameron A. J. Walsh
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Coelho LF, Couceiro JF, Keller-Costa T, Valente SM, Ramalho TP, Carneiro J, Comte J, Blais MA, Vincent WF, Martins Z, Canário J, Costa R. Structural shifts in sea ice prokaryotic communities across a salinity gradient in the subarctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154286. [PMID: 35247410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the processes that shape prokaryotic community assembly in sea ice across polar ecosystems is scarce. Here, we coupled culture-dependent (bacterial isolation on R2A medium) and culture-independent (high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing) approaches to provide the first comprehensive assessment of prokaryotic communities in the late winter ice and its underlying water along a natural salinity gradient in coastal Hudson Bay, an iconic cryo-environment that marks the ecological transition between Canadian Subarctic and Arctic biomes. We found that prokaryotic community assembly processes in the ice were less selective at low salinity since typical freshwater taxa such as Frankiales, Burkholderiales, and Chitinophagales dominated both the ice and its underlying water. In contrast, there were sharp shifts in community structure between the ice and underlying water samples at sites with higher salinity, with the orders Alteromonadales and Flavobacteriales dominating the ice, while the abovementioned freshwater taxa dominated the underlying water communities. Moreover, primary producers including Cyanobium (Cyanobacteria, Synechococcales) may play a role in shaping the ice communities and were accompanied by known Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobiae taxa. Culture-dependent analyses showed that the ice contained pigment-producing psychrotolerant or psychrophilic bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, likely favored by the combination of low temperatures and the seasonal increase in sunlight. Our findings suggest that salinity, photosynthesis and dissolved organic matter are the main drivers of prokaryotic community structure in the late winter ice of coastal Hudson Bay, the ecosystem with the fastest sea ice loss rate in the Canadian North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Fonseca Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana Fernandes Couceiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tina Keller-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Martinez Valente
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pereirinha Ramalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Carneiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, G1K 9A9 Quebec City, QC, Canada; Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Blais
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de biologie & Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Warwick F Vincent
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de biologie & Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zita Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Energy - Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Bluhm BA, Brown K, Rotermund L, Williams W, Danielsen S, Carmack EC. New distribution records of kelp in the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Passage, Canada, fill a pan-Arctic gap. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractKelps play important roles in ecosystems as they provide structural habitat and protection, and supply food. Given these beneficial roles and observed increases in seaweed biomass and distribution ranges across the Arctic, mapping kelp occurrence around Arctic coasts is both timely and necessary for future conservation. Here, we fill spatial gaps in the knowledge of kelp distribution in the southern Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; specifically, we report the occurrence of Laminaria solidungula, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta from Victoria and Dease straits and Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region at depths mostly from 10 to 30 m (max. 40 m; upper extent vessel-limited). Kelp specimens were found at bottom water temperatures from sub-zero to 1 °C (surface-T to ~ 6 °C) and bottom water salinities of ~ 28 (surface-S < 20) in August–September. Kelp sites were characterized by both strong tidal currents (max. estimates from a tidal model 20–70 cm s−1 in center of passages) and hard substrates, interspersed with finer sediments. Co-occurring identifiable epibenthos was dominated by suspension-feeders preferring currents (sea cucumbers, soft corals, Hiatella clams), potential kelp consumers (sea urchins Strongylocentrotus sp., Margarites snails, limpets) and predatory invertebrates (sea stars, lyre crabs). At the same and some deeper nearby sites, loose kelp fragments were also found at the seabed, suggesting that kelps contribute to the regional detrital food web by supplying carbon to less productive sites. Kelps in the region may expand their ranges and/or growing season with reduced ice cover and warming, although constraints through local turbidity sources, extreme temperatures, low salinity and low nutrient concentrations are also recognized.
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Nozais C, Vincent WF, Belzile C, Gosselin M, Blais MA, Canário J, Archambault P. The Great Whale River ecosystem: ecology of a subarctic river and its receiving waters in coastal Hudson Bay, Canada. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1926137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nozais
- Québec-Océan & Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études Nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Belzile
- Québec-Océan & Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Michel Gosselin
- Québec-Océan & Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Blais
- Centre d’études Nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrututal, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Philippe Archambault
- ArcticNet, Québec-Océan & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Goodwin C, Dinn C, Nefedova E, Nijhof F, Murillo FJ, Nozères C. Two new species of encrusting sponge (Porifera, family Crellidae) from eastern Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of Crellidae Dendy, 1922 from the east coast of Canada are described. The first is Crella (Pytheas) cutis sp. nov., a massively encrusting species of Crella (Pytheas) collected from depths of 84 to 249 m in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on the Scotian Shelf. The second is Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta sp. nov., a thinly encrusting sponge found at diving depths in the Bay of Fundy. We also report the first records of Crellomima derma Hentschel, 1929 from outside the type locality (Barents Sea). All known species of Crellomima are reviewed based on type material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goodwin
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Curtis Dinn
- Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 343 Université Avenue, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Nefedova
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Frauke Nijhof
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Francisco Javier Murillo
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Claude Nozères
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 850, route de la Mer, P.O. Box 1000, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z4, Canada
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Izabel-Shen D, Höger AL, Jürgens K. Abundance-Occupancy Relationships Along Taxonomic Ranks Reveal a Consistency of Niche Differentiation in Marine Bacterioplankton With Distinct Lifestyles. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690712. [PMID: 34262550 PMCID: PMC8273345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundance-occupancy relationships (AORs) are an important determinant of biotic community dynamics and habitat suitability. However, little is known about their role in complex bacterial communities, either within a phylogenetic framework or as a function of niche breadth. Based on data obtained in a field study in the St. Lawrence Estuary, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the vertical patterns, strength, and character of AORs for particle-attached and free-living bacterial assemblages. Free-living communities were phylogenetically more diverse than particle-attached communities. The dominant taxa were consistent in terms of their presence/absence but population abundances differed in surface water vs. the cold intermediate layer. Significant, positive AORs characterized all of the surveyed communities across all taxonomic ranks of bacteria, thus demonstrating an ecologically conserved trend for both free-living and particle-attached bacteria. The strength of the AORs was low at the species level but higher at and above the genus level. These results demonstrate that an assessment of the distributions and population densities of finely resolved taxa does not necessarily improve determinations of apparent niche differences in marine bacterioplankton communities at regional scales compared with the information inferred from a broad taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Izabel-Shen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biological Oceanography Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Höger
- Department of Biological Oceanography Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Department of Biological Oceanography Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
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Goldsmit J, McKindsey CW, Schlegel RW, Stewart DB, Archambault P, Howland KL. What and where? Predicting invasion hotspots in the Arctic marine realm. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4752-4771. [PMID: 32407554 PMCID: PMC7496761 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The risk of aquatic invasions in the Arctic is expected to increase with climate warming, greater shipping activity and resource exploitation in the region. Planktonic and benthic marine aquatic invasive species (AIS) with the greatest potential for invasion and impact in the Canadian Arctic were identified and the 23 riskiest species were modelled to predict their potential spatial distributions at pan-Arctic and global scales. Modelling was conducted under present environmental conditions and two intermediate future (2050 and 2100) global warming scenarios. Invasion hotspots-regions of the Arctic where habitat is predicted to be suitable for a high number of potential AIS-were located in Hudson Bay, Northern Grand Banks/Labrador, Chukchi/Eastern Bering seas and Barents/White seas, suggesting that these regions could be more vulnerable to invasions. Globally, both benthic and planktonic organisms showed a future poleward shift in suitable habitat. At a pan-Arctic scale, all organisms showed suitable habitat gains under future conditions. However, at the global scale, habitat loss was predicted in more tropical regions for some taxa, particularly most planktonic species. Results from the present study can help prioritize management efforts in the face of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Moreover, this particular approach provides information to identify present and future high-risk areas for AIS in response to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Goldsmit
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaMaurice Lamontagne InstituteMont‐JoliQCCanada
- Department of Biology, Science and Engineering FacultyArcticNetTakuvikLaval UniversityQuebec CityQCCanada
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaArctic Research DivisionFreshwater InstituteWinnipegMBCanada
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Archambault
- Department of Biology, Science and Engineering FacultyArcticNetTakuvikLaval UniversityQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Kimberly L. Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaArctic Research DivisionFreshwater InstituteWinnipegMBCanada
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9
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Sponge communities in the eastern Canadian Arctic: species richness, diversity and density determined using targeted benthic sampling and underwater video analysis. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Modelling Free-Living and Particle-Associated Bacterial Assemblages across the Deep and Hypoxic Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. mSphere 2020; 5:5/3/e00364-20. [PMID: 32434843 PMCID: PMC7380577 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00364-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada is an appealing ecosystem for studying how microbial communities and metabolic processes are related to environmental change. Ocean and climate variability result in large spatiotemporal variations in environmental conditions and oceanographic processes. The EGSL is also exposed to a variety of additional human pressures that threaten its integrity and sustainable use, including shipping, aquiculture, coastal development, and oil exploration. To monitor and perhaps mitigate the impacts of these human activities on the EGSL, a comprehensive understanding of the biological communities is required. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive view of bacterial diversity in the EGSL and describe the distinct bacterial assemblages associated with different environmental habitats. This work therefore provides an important baseline ecological framework for bacterial communities in the EGSL useful for further studies on how these communities may respond to environmental change. The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada are among the largest and most productive coastal ecosystems in the world. Very little information on bacterial diversity exists, hampering our understanding of the relationships between bacterial community structure and biogeochemical function in the EGSL. During the productive spring period, we investigated free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities across the stratified waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, including the particle-rich surface and bottom boundary layers. Modelling of community structure based on 16S rRNA gene and transcript diversity identified bacterial assemblages specifically associated with four habitat types defined by water mass (upper water or lower water column) and size fraction (free living or particle associated). Assemblages from the upper waters represent sets of cooccurring bacterial populations that are widely distributed across Lower St. Lawrence Estuary surface waters and likely key contributors to organic matter degradation during the spring. In addition, we provide strong evidence that particles in deep hypoxic waters and the bottom boundary layer support a metabolically active bacterial community that is compositionally distinct from those of surface particles and the free-living communities. Among the distinctive features of the bacterial assemblage associated with lower-water particles was the presence of uncultivated lineages of Deltaproteobacteria, including marine myxobacteria. Overall, these results provide an important ecological framework for further investigations of the biogeochemical contributions of bacterial populations in this important coastal marine ecosystem. IMPORTANCE The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada is an appealing ecosystem for studying how microbial communities and metabolic processes are related to environmental change. Ocean and climate variability result in large spatiotemporal variations in environmental conditions and oceanographic processes. The EGSL is also exposed to a variety of additional human pressures that threaten its integrity and sustainable use, including shipping, aquiculture, coastal development, and oil exploration. To monitor and perhaps mitigate the impacts of these human activities on the EGSL, a comprehensive understanding of the biological communities is required. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive view of bacterial diversity in the EGSL and describe the distinct bacterial assemblages associated with different environmental habitats. This work therefore provides an important baseline ecological framework for bacterial communities in the EGSL useful for further studies on how these communities may respond to environmental change.
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11
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Salas S, Chakraborty K. Functional Properties of the Marine Gastropod Molluscs Chicoreus ramosus and Babylonia spirata Collected from the Southern Coast of India. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1722776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Salas
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, India
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
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12
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Kenny TA, Archambault P, Ayotte P, Batal M, Chan HM, Cheung W, Eddy TD, Little M, Ota Y, Pétrin-Desrosiers C, Plante S, Poitras J, Polanco F, Singh G, Lemire M. Oceans and human health—navigating changes on Canada’s coasts. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean conditions can affect human health in a variety of ways that are often overlooked and unappreciated. Oceans adjacent to Canada are affected by many anthropogenic stressors, with implications for human health and well-being. Climate change further escalates these pressures and can expose coastal populations to unique health hazards and distressing conditions. However, current research efforts, education or training curriculums, and policies in Canada critically lack explicit consideration of these ocean–public health linkages. The objective of this paper is to present multiple disciplinary perspectives from academics and health practitioners to inform the development of future directions for research, capacity development, and policy and practice at the interface of oceans and human health in Canada. We synthesize major ocean and human health linkages in Canada, and identify climate-sensitive drivers of change, drawing attention to unique considerations in Canada. To support effective, sustained, and equitable collaborations at the nexus of oceans and human health, we recommend the need for progress in three critical areas: ( i) holistic worldviews and perspectives, ( ii) capacity development, and ( iii) structural supports. Canada can play a key role in supporting the global community in addressing the health challenges of climate and ocean changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiff-Annie Kenny
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- ArcticNet, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Département de nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William Cheung
- Institute of Oceans and Fisheries (IOF), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tyler D. Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yoshitaka Ota
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5674, USA
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs (SMEA), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5685, USA
| | - Claudel Pétrin-Desrosiers
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d’urgence, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Association canadienne des médecins pour l’environnement/Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (ACME/CAPE), Toronto, ON M5T 2C2, Canada
| | - Steve Plante
- Département Sociétés territoires et développement, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Julien Poitras
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d’urgence, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fernando Polanco
- School of Medicine, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Gerald Singh
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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13
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Wei C, Cusson M, Archambault P, Belley R, Brown T, Burd BJ, Edinger E, Kenchington E, Gilkinson K, Lawton P, Link H, Ramey‐Balci PA, Scrosati RA, Snelgrove PVR. Seafloor biodiversity of Canada's three oceans: Patterns, hotspots and potential drivers. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Lin Wei
- Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Département des sciences fondamentales & Québec‐Océan Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Chicoutimi QC Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie & Québec‐Océan/Takuvik Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Renald Belley
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maurice Lamontagne Institute Mont‐Joli QC Canada
| | - Tanya Brown
- Department of Geography Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Brenda J. Burd
- Institute of Ocean Sciences Fisheries and Ocean Canada Sidney BC Canada
| | - Evan Edinger
- Department of Geography Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Ellen Kenchington
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography Fisheries and Ocean Canada Dartmouth NS Canada
| | - Kent Gilkinson
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre Fisheries and Ocean Canada St. John's NL Canada
| | - Peter Lawton
- Biological Station Fisheries and Oceans Canada St. Andrews NB Canada
| | - Heike Link
- Department of Maritime Systems Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | | | | | - Paul V. R. Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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14
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Habitat alteration by invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) causes eelgrass loss in British Columbia, Canada. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Goldsmit J, McKindsey C, Archambault P, Howland KL. Ecological risk assessment of predicted marine invasions in the Canadian Arctic. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211815. [PMID: 30730941 PMCID: PMC6366784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is impacting environmental conditions, especially with respect to temperature and ice cover in high latitude regions. Predictive models and risk assessment are key tools for understanding potential changes associated with such impacts on coastal regions. In this study relative ecological risk assessment was done for future potential introductions of three species in the Canadian Arctic: periwinkle Littorina littorea, soft shell clam Mya arenaria and red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. These species occur in locations connected to Canadian Arctic ports through shipping and have the potential to be introduced via ballast water discharge. The methodology proposed in this study is unique in the sense that it considers not only ballast water origin, but also the distribution of the species being assessed and the sensitivity of the receiving habitat. It combines detailed information (ballast water source of each tank, transit time, time of the year when the water is released, environmental suitability of receiving habitat, impact, and habitat sensitivity) in order to assess ecological risk. Through the use of this approach it is highlighted that domestic discharge events pose a higher relative overall risk on a vessel-specific and cumulative annual bases than international discharges. The main ports of Deception Bay and Churchill were classified as being at moderate to high relative risk for L. littorea and M. arenaria, especially from domestic vessels, while relative overall risk for P. camtschaticus was low for international vessels and null for domestic vessels due to few ships transiting from its range of distribution to Canadian Arctic ports. This work can serve as an approach to help build a list of potential high risk species–a “grey” watch list–for the Canadian Arctic, and provides useful information for consideration in future decision making actions such as the identification of high risk pathways, species and ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Goldsmit
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Christopher McKindsey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Department of Biology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimberly L. Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Based on data presented in 29 papers published in the Biota of Canada Special Issue of ZooKeys and data provided herein about Zygentoma, more than 44,100 described species of terrestrial arthropods (Arachnida, Myriapoda, Insecta, Entognatha) are now known from Canada. This represents more than a 34% increase in the number of described species reported 40 years ago (Danks 1979a). The most speciose groups are Diptera (9620 spp.), Hymenoptera (8757), and Coleoptera (8302). Less than 5% of the fauna has a natural Holarctic distribution and an additional 5.1% are non-native species. A conservatively estimated 27,000-42,600 additional species are expected to be eventually discovered in Canada, meaning that the total national species richness is ca. 71,100-86,700 and that currently 51-62% of the fauna is known. Of the most diverse groups, those that are least known, in terms of percent of the Canadian fauna that is documented, are Acari (31%), Thysanoptera (37%), Hymenoptera (46%), and Diptera (32-65%). All groups but Pauropoda have DNA barcodes based on Canadian material. More than 75,600 Barcode Index Numbers have been assigned to Canadian terrestrial arthropods, 63.5% of which are Diptera and Hymenoptera. Much work remains before the Canadian fauna is fully documented, and this will require decades to achieve. In particular, greater and more strategic investment in surveys and taxonomy (including DNA barcoding) is needed to adequately document the fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Langor
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 – 122 St. NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3S5, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceEdmontonCanada
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17
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Chan FT, Stanislawczyk K, Sneekes AC, Dvoretsky A, Gollasch S, Minchin D, David M, Jelmert A, Albretsen J, Bailey SA. Climate change opens new frontiers for marine species in the Arctic: Current trends and future invasion risks. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:25-38. [PMID: 30295388 PMCID: PMC7379606 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and increased anthropogenic activities are expected to elevate the potential of introducing nonindigenous species (NIS) into the Arctic. Yet, the knowledge base needed to identify gaps and priorities for NIS research and management is limited. Here, we reviewed primary introduction events to each ecoregion of the marine Arctic realm to identify temporal and spatial patterns, likely source regions of NIS, and the putative introduction pathways. We included 54 introduction events representing 34 unique NIS. The rate of NIS discovery ranged from zero to four species per year between 1960 and 2015. The Iceland Shelf had the greatest number of introduction events (n = 14), followed by the Barents Sea (n = 11), and the Norwegian Sea (n = 11). Sixteen of the 54 introduction records had no known origins. The majority of those with known source regions were attributed to the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific, 19 and 14 records, respectively. Some introduction events were attributed to multiple possible pathways. For these introductions, vessels transferred the greatest number of aquatic NIS (39%) to the Arctic, followed by natural spread (30%) and aquaculture activities (25%). Similar trends were found for introductions attributed to a single pathway. The phyla Arthropoda and Ochrophyta had the highest number of recorded introduction events, with 19 and 12 records, respectively. Recommendations including vector management, horizon scanning, early detection, rapid response, and a pan-Arctic biodiversity inventory are considered in this paper. Our study provides a comprehensive record of primary introductions of NIS for marine environments in the circumpolar Arctic and identifies knowledge gaps and opportunities for NIS research and management. Ecosystems worldwide will face dramatic changes in the coming decades due to global change. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base needed to address two aspects of global change-invasive species and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah T. Chan
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesFisheries and Oceans CanadaBurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Keara Stanislawczyk
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesFisheries and Oceans CanadaBurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Alexander Dvoretsky
- Murmansk Marine Biological InstituteKola Scientific Centre Russian Academy of SciencesMurmanskRussia
| | | | - Dan Minchin
- Marine Organism InvestigationsKillaloeIreland
- Marine Science and Technology CentreKlaipėda UniversityKlaipėdaLithuania
| | - Matej David
- Dr. Matej David Consult d.o.o.IzolaSlovenia
- Faculty of Maritime StudiesUniversity of RijekaCroatia
| | | | | | - Sarah A. Bailey
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesFisheries and Oceans CanadaBurlingtonOntarioCanada
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18
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Jabr N, Archambault P, Cameron CB. Biogeography and adaptations of torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) including two new species from the Canadian Arctic. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enteropneust family Torquaratoridae, discovered in 2005, has the fewest species of the four living families. It is composed of seven species that live on the cold, deep-sea floor. Torquarator bullocki Holland, Clague, Gordon, Gebruk, Pawson and Vecchione, 2005 was the first species described and collected from the Northeastern Pacific. Two new species of Torquaratoridae were collected from the Eastern Pacific and described as Tergivelum baldwinae Holland, Jones, Ellena, Ruhl and Smith, 2009 and Allapasus aurantiacus Holland, Kuhnz and Osborn, 2012. A further three species have been collected from the North Atlantic: Yoda purpurata Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012, Allapasus isidis Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012, and Tergivelum cinnabarinum Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012. The latest Torquaratoridae species was collected from the Russian Arctic in 2013. We add two new species to the Torquaratoridae from Baffin Bay and Viscount Melville Sound, in the eastern Arctic of Canada. Terminstomo arcticus gen. nov. and sp. nov. was collected at a depth of 505 m and is characterized by lacking a heart and a stomochord that extends from the posterior end of the proboscis through the entire length of the collar. Allapasus fuscus sp. nov. was collected from a depth of 444 m and is characterized by a typhlosole process along the dorsal midline of the collar buccal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Jabr
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de Biologie, Québec-Océan, Takuvik, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec-Océan, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Cameron
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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19
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Lacoursière‐Roussel A, Howland K, Normandeau E, Grey EK, Archambault P, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Hernandez C, Leduc N, Bernatchez L. eDNA metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7763-7777. [PMID: 30250661 PMCID: PMC6144963 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because significant global changes are currently underway in the Arctic, creating a large-scale standardized database for Arctic marine biodiversity is particularly pressing. This study evaluates the potential of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to detect Arctic coastal biodiversity changes and characterizes the local spatio-temporal distribution of eDNA in two locations. We extracted and amplified eDNA using two COI primer pairs from ~80 water samples that were collected across two Canadian Arctic ports, Churchill and Iqaluit, based on optimized sampling and preservation methods for remote regions surveys. Results demonstrate that aquatic eDNA surveys have the potential to document large-scale Arctic biodiversity change by providing a rapid overview of coastal metazoan biodiversity, detecting nonindigenous species, and allowing sampling in both open water and under the ice cover by local northern-based communities. We show that DNA sequences of ~50% of known Canadian Arctic species and potential invaders are currently present in public databases. A similar proportion of operational taxonomic units was identified at the species level with eDNA metabarcoding, for a total of 181 species identified at both sites. Despite the cold and well-mixed coastal environment, species composition was vertically heterogeneous, in part due to river inflow in the estuarine ecosystem, and differed between the water column and tide pools. Thus, COI-based eDNA metabarcoding may quickly improve large-scale Arctic biomonitoring using eDNA, but we caution that aquatic eDNA sampling needs to be standardized over space and time to accurately evaluate community structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly Howland
- Central and Arctic RegionFisheries and Oceans CanadaFreshwater InstituteWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Eric Normandeau
- Department of BiologyInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Erin K. Grey
- Division of Science, Mathematics and TechnologyGovernors State UniversityUniversity ParkILUSA
| | | | - Kristy Deiner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - David M. Lodge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Cecilia Hernandez
- Department of BiologyInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Noémie Leduc
- Department of BiologyInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Department of BiologyInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
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20
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Tempestini A, Rysgaard S, Dufresne F. Species identification and connectivity of marine amphipods in Canada's three oceans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197174. [PMID: 29791459 PMCID: PMC5965885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the distribution of marine biodiversity is a crucial step to better assess the impacts of global changes. Arctic marine fauna is dominated by amphipods in terms of abundance and biomass. These peracarids are an important marine order of crustaceans but the number of species found in the different Canadian oceans is currently unknown. Furthermore, most species are difficult to identify due to poor taxonomic descriptions and morphological convergence. The aim of this study was to assess the species diversity of marine amphipods in the three Canadian oceans using DNA barcoding. To do so, we produced a database of DNA barcodes of amphipods from the three Canadian Oceans publicly available from the BOLD website to which we added 310 new sequences from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We first delimited amphipod species based on barcode gap detection techniques and tree based method (bPTP) and then compared the composition of amphipods among the three oceans in order to assess the influence of past transarctic exchanges on Arctic diversity. Our analysis of 2309 sequences which represent more than 250 provisional species revealed a high connectivity between the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Our results also suggest that a single threshold to delimitate species is not suitable for amphipods. This study highlights the challenges involved in species delimitation and the need to obtain complete barcoding inventories in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Tempestini
- Département de biologie et Québec Océan, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Søren Rysgaard
- University of Manitoba, Centre for Earth Observation Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de biologie et Centre d’étude Nordique, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
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21
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Goldsmit J, Archambault P, Chust G, Villarino E, Liu G, Lukovich JV, Barber DG, Howland KL. Projecting present and future habitat suitability of ship-mediated aquatic invasive species in the Canadian Arctic. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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23
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Sundstrom SM, Eason T, Nelson RJ, Angeler DG, Barichievy C, Garmestani AS, Graham NA, Granholm D, Gunderson L, Knutson M, Nash KL, Spanbauer T, Stow CA, Allen CR. Detecting spatial regimes in ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:19-32. [PMID: 28000431 PMCID: PMC6141036 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research on early warning indicators has generally focused on assessing temporal transitions with limited application of these methods to detecting spatial regimes. Traditional spatial boundary detection procedures that result in ecoregion maps are typically based on ecological potential (i.e. potential vegetation), and often fail to account for ongoing changes due to stressors such as land use change and climate change and their effects on plant and animal communities. We use Fisher information, an information theory-based method, on both terrestrial and aquatic animal data (U.S. Breeding Bird Survey and marine zooplankton) to identify ecological boundaries, and compare our results to traditional early warning indicators, conventional ecoregion maps and multivariate analyses such as nMDS and cluster analysis. We successfully detected spatial regimes and transitions in both terrestrial and aquatic systems using Fisher information. Furthermore, Fisher information provided explicit spatial information about community change that is absent from other multivariate approaches. Our results suggest that defining spatial regimes based on animal communities may better reflect ecological reality than do traditional ecoregion maps, especially in our current era of rapid and unpredictable ecological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Sundstrom
- School of Natural Resources, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege St., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Tarsha Eason
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; ,
| | - R. John Nelson
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology-Centre for Biomedical Research, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - David G. Angeler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Ahjond S. Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; ,
| | | | - Dean Granholm
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bloomington, MN 55437-1003, USA;
| | - Lance Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA;
| | - Melinda Knutson
- Region 3 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA;
| | - Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Trisha Spanbauer
- National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 USA;
| | - Craig A. Stow
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA;
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey - Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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24
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Yurkowski DJ, Ferguson S, Choy ES, Loseto LL, Brown TM, Muir DCG, Semeniuk CAD, Fisk AT. Latitudinal variation in ecological opportunity and intraspecific competition indicates differences in niche variability and diet specialization of Arctic marine predators. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1666-78. [PMID: 26909143 PMCID: PMC4752956 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual specialization (IS), where individuals within populations irrespective of age, sex, and body size are either specialized or generalized in terms of resource use, has implications on ecological niches and food web structure. Niche size and degree of IS of near‐top trophic‐level marine predators have been little studied in polar regions or with latitude. We quantified the large‐scale latitudinal variation of population‐ and individual‐level niche size and IS in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on 379 paired ringed seal liver and muscle samples and 124 paired beluga skin and muscle samples from eight locations ranging from the low to high Arctic. We characterized both within‐ and between‐individual variation in predator niche size at each location as well as accounting for spatial differences in the isotopic ranges of potential prey. Total isotopic niche width (TINW) for populations of ringed seals and beluga decreased with increasing latitude. Higher TINW values were associated with greater ecological opportunity (i.e., prey diversity) in the prey fish community which mainly consists of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Sand lance (Ammodytes sp.) at lower latitudes and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at high latitudes. In beluga, their dietary consistency between tissues also known as the within‐individual component (WIC) increased in a near 1:1 ratio with TINW (slope = 0.84), suggesting dietary generalization, whereas the slope (0.18) of WIC relative to TINW in ringed seals indicated a high degree of individual specialization in ringed seal populations with higher TINWs. Our findings highlight the differences in TINW and level of IS for ringed seals and beluga relative to latitude as a likely response to large‐scale spatial variation in ecological opportunity, suggesting species‐specific variation in dietary plasticity to spatial differences in prey resources and environmental conditions in a rapidly changing ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Yurkowski
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Steve Ferguson
- Freshwater Institute Fisheries and Oceans Canada Winnipeg MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Emily S Choy
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winning MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Lisa L Loseto
- Freshwater Institute Fisheries and Oceans Canada Winnipeg MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Department of Geography Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NF A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment Canada Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division Burlington ON L7R 4A6 Canada
| | - Christina A D Semeniuk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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Chain FJJ, Brown EA, MacIsaac HJ, Cristescu ME. Metabarcoding reveals strong spatial structure and temporal turnover of zooplankton communities among marine and freshwater ports. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J. J. Chain
- Department of Biology; McGill University; 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Emily A. Brown
- Department of Biology; McGill University; 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Hugh J. MacIsaac
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Melania E. Cristescu
- Department of Biology; McGill University; 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
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26
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Terlizzi A, Anderson MJ, Bevilacqua S, Ugland KI. Species-accumulation curves and taxonomic surrogates: an integrated approach for estimation of regional species richness. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terlizzi
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali; Università del Salento; CoNiSMa Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Marti J. Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS); Massey University; Albany Campus Private Bag 102 904 Auckland 0745 New Zealand
| | - Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali; Università del Salento; CoNiSMa Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Karl I. Ugland
- Marine Biology Research Group; Department of Biology; University of Oslo; Pb 1066 Blindern Oslo 0316 Norway
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27
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Link H, Piepenburg D, Archambault P. Are hotspots always hotspots? The relationship between diversity, resource and ecosystem functions in the Arctic. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74077. [PMID: 24040169 PMCID: PMC3769377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity-ecosystem function relationship is an important topic in ecology but has not received much attention in Arctic environments, and has rarely been tested for its stability in time. We studied the temporal variability of benthic ecosystem functioning at hotspots (sites with high benthic boundary fluxes) and coldspots (sites with lower fluxes) across two years in the Canadian Arctic. Benthic remineralisation function was measured as fluxes of oxygen, silicic acid, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite at the sediment-water interface. In addition we determined sediment pigment concentration and taxonomic and functional macrobenthic diversity. To separate temporal from spatial variability, we sampled the same nine sites from the Mackenzie Shelf to Baffin Bay during the same season (summer or fall) in 2008 and 2009. We observed that temporal variability of benthic remineralisation function at hotspots is higher than at coldspots and that taxonomic and functional macrobenthic diversity did not change significantly between years. Temporal variability of food availability (i.e., sediment surface pigment concentration) seemed higher at coldspot than at hotspot areas. Sediment chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, taxonomic richness, total abundance, water depth and abundance of the largest gallery-burrowing polychaete Lumbrineristetraura together explained 42% of the total variation in fluxes. Food supply proxies (i.e., sediment Chl a and depth) split hot- from coldspot stations and explained variation on the axis of temporal variability, and macrofaunal community parameters explained variation mostly along the axis separating eastern from western sites with hot- or coldspot regimes. We conclude that variability in benthic remineralisation function, food supply and diversity will react to climate change on different time scales, and that their interactive effects may hide the detection of progressive change, particularly at hotspots. Time-series of benthic functions and its related parameters should be conducted at both hot- and coldspots to produce reliable predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Link
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Dieter Piepenburg
- Mainz Academy of Sciences, the Humanities and Literature, Institute for Polar Ecology of the University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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28
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Miloslavich P, Cruz-Motta JJ, Klein E, Iken K, Weinberger V, Konar B, Trott T, Pohle G, Bigatti G, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Shirayama Y, Mead A, Palomo G, Ortiz M, Gobin J, Sardi A, Díaz JM, Knowlton A, Wong M, Peralta AC. Large-scale spatial distribution patterns of gastropod assemblages in rocky shores. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71396. [PMID: 23967204 PMCID: PMC3742765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastropod assemblages from nearshore rocky habitats were studied over large spatial scales to (1) describe broad-scale patterns in assemblage composition, including patterns by feeding modes, (2) identify latitudinal pattern of biodiversity, i.e., richness and abundance of gastropods and/or regional hotspots, and (3) identify potential environmental and anthropogenic drivers of these assemblages. Gastropods were sampled from 45 sites distributed within 12 Large Marine Ecosystem regions (LME) following the NaGISA (Natural Geography in Shore Areas) standard protocol (www.nagisa.coml.org). A total of 393 gastropod taxa from 87 families were collected. Eight of these families (9.2%) appeared in four or more different LMEs. Among these, the Littorinidae was the most widely distributed (8 LMEs) followed by the Trochidae and the Columbellidae (6 LMEs). In all regions, assemblages were dominated by few species, the most diverse and abundant of which were herbivores. No latitudinal gradients were evident in relation to species richness or densities among sampling sites. Highest diversity was found in the Mediterranean and in the Gulf of Alaska, while highest densities were found at different latitudes and represented by few species within one genus (e.g. Afrolittorina in the Agulhas Current, Littorina in the Scotian Shelf, and Lacuna in the Gulf of Alaska). No significant correlation was found between species composition and environmental variables (r≤0.355, p>0.05). Contributing variables to this low correlation included invasive species, inorganic pollution, SST anomalies, and chlorophyll-a anomalies. Despite data limitations in this study which restrict conclusions in a global context, this work represents the first effort to sample gastropod biodiversity on rocky shores using a standardized protocol across a wide scale. Our results will generate more work to build global databases allowing for large-scale diversity comparisons of rocky intertidal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Miloslavich
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales and Centro de Biodiversidad Marina, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela.
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29
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A new species of Streptospinigera Kudenov, 1983 (Polychaeta, Syllidae, Anoplosyllinae) from the Arctic and north-western Atlantic with a key to all species of the genus. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Carscallen WMA, Romanuk TN. Structure and robustness to species loss in Arctic and Antarctic ice-shelf meta-ecosystem webs. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Wurl O, Miller L, Vagle S. Production and fate of transparent exopolymer particles in the ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wurl
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
- Now at Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Lisa Miller
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Svein Vagle
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
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32
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Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic. Polar Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-011-1046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Li WKW, Andersen RA, Gifford DJ, Incze LS, Martin JL, Pilskaln CH, Rooney-Varga JN, Sieracki ME, Wilson WH, Wolff NH. Planktonic microbes in the Gulf of Maine area. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20981. [PMID: 21698243 PMCID: PMC3115965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Gulf of Maine area (GoMA), as elsewhere in the ocean, the organisms of greatest numerical abundance are microbes. Viruses in GoMA are largely cyanophages and bacteriophages, including podoviruses which lack tails. There is also evidence of Mimivirus and Chlorovirus in the metagenome. Bacteria in GoMA comprise the dominant SAR11 phylotype cluster, and other abundant phylotypes such as SAR86-like cluster, SAR116-like cluster, Roseobacter, Rhodospirillaceae, Acidomicrobidae, Flavobacteriales, Cytophaga, and unclassified Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria clusters. Bacterial epibionts of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense include Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Cytophaga spp., Sulfitobacter spp., Sphingomonas spp., and unclassified Bacteroidetes. Phototrophic prokaryotes in GoMA include cyanobacteria that contain chlorophyll (mainly Synechococcus), aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs that contain bacteriochlorophyll, and bacteria that contain proteorhodopsin. Eukaryotic microalgae in GoMA include Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Synurophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. There are no records of Bolidophyceae, Aurearenophyceae, Raphidophyceae, and Synchromophyceae in GoMA. In total, there are records for 665 names and 229 genera of microalgae. Heterotrophic eukaryotic protists in GoMA include Dinophyceae, Alveolata, Apicomplexa, amoeboid organisms, Labrynthulida, and heterotrophic marine stramenopiles (MAST). Ciliates include Strombidium, Lohmaniella, Tontonia, Strobilidium, Strombidinopsis and the mixotrophs Laboea strobila and Myrionecta rubrum (ex Mesodinium rubra). An inventory of selected microbial groups in each of 14 physiographic regions in GoMA is made by combining information on the depth-dependent variation of cell density and the depth-dependent variation of water volume. Across the entire GoMA, an estimate for the minimum abundance of cell-based microbes is 1.7×1025 organisms. By one account, this number of microbes implies a richness of 105 to 106 taxa in the entire water volume of GoMA. Morphological diversity in microplankton is well-described but the true extent of taxonomic diversity, especially in the femtoplankton, picoplankton and nanoplankton – whether autotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic, is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K W Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Costello MJ, Coll M, Danovaro R, Halpin P, Ojaveer H, Miloslavich P. A census of marine biodiversity knowledge, resources, and future challenges. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12110. [PMID: 20689850 PMCID: PMC2914025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark John Costello
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand.
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