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Atlas N, Uzair B, Movellan J, Gracia R, Dupin D, Loinaz I, van Nostrum CF, Hays JP. In vitro activity of novel apramycin-dextran nanoparticles and free apramycin against selected Dutch and Pakistani Klebsiella pneumonia isolates. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22821. [PMID: 38125473 PMCID: PMC10730580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae are bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections and are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics, including carbapenems. Apramycin is a veterinary antibiotic that may have the potential to be re-purposed for use in human health, for example, for the treatment of respiratory tract infections after coupling to inhalable nanoparticles. In the present study, the antibiotic apramycin was formulated with single chain polymeric nanoparticles and tested in free and formulated forms against a set of 13 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (from the Netherlands and Pakistan) expressing different aminoglycoside resistance phenotypes. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Time Kill Kinetics and biofilm experiments were performed providing evidence for the potential efficacy of apramycin and apramycin-based nanomedicines for the treatment of human Klebsiella pneumonia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagina Atlas
- Dept. Biological Science, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Dept. Biological Science, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Julie Movellan
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Miramon Pasealekua, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Raquel Gracia
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Miramon Pasealekua, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Miramon Pasealekua, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Miramon Pasealekua, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John P. Hays
- Dept. Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Pangeni R, Meng T, Poudel S, Sharma D, Hutsell H, Ma J, Rubin BK, Longest W, Hindle M, Xu Q. Airway mucus in pulmonary diseases: Muco-adhesive and muco-penetrating particles to overcome the airway mucus barriers. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122661. [PMID: 36736964 PMCID: PMC9975059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel that provides a defensive physical barrier and shields the airway epithelium by trapping inhaled foreign pathogens and facilitating their removal via mucociliary clearance (MCC). In patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, and asthma, an increase in crosslinking and physical entanglement of mucin polymers as well as mucus dehydration often alters and typically reduces mucus mesh network pore size, which reduces neutrophil migration, decreases pathogen capture, sustains bacterial infection, and accelerates lung function decline. Conventional aerosol particles containing hydrophobic drugs are rapidly captured and removed by MCC. Therefore, it is critical to design aerosol delivery systems with the appropriate size and surface chemistry that can improve drug retention and absorption with the goal of increased efficacy. Biodegradable muco-adhesive particles (MAPs) and muco-penetrating particles (MPPs) have been engineered to achieve effective pulmonary delivery and extend drug residence time in the lungs. MAPs can be used to target mucus as they get trapped in airway mucus by steric obstruction and/or adhesion. MPPs avoid muco-adhesion and are designed to have a particle size smaller than the mucus network, enhancing lung retention of particles as well as transport to the respiratory epithelial layer and drug absorption. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the composition of airway mucus, rheological characteristics of airway mucus in healthy and diseased subjects, the most recent techniques to study the flow dynamics and particle diffusion in airway mucus (in particular, multiple particle tracking, MPT), and the advancements in engineering MPPs that have contributed to improved airway mucus penetration, lung distribution, and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Pangeni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tuo Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sagun Poudel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hallie Hutsell
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massey Cancer Center, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery & Development (ISB3D), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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3
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Barmpatsalou V, Rodler A, Jacobson M, Karlsson EML, Pedersen BL, Bergström CAS. Development and validation of a porcine artificial colonic mucus model reflecting the properties of native colonic mucus in pigs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106361. [PMID: 36528165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colonic mucus plays a key role in colonic drug absorption. Mucus permeation assays could therefore provide useful insights and support rational formulation development in the early stages of drug development. However, the collection of native colonic mucus from animal sources is labor-intensive, does not yield amounts that allow for routine experimentation, and raises ethical concerns. In the present study, we developed an in vitro porcine artificial colonic mucus model based on the characterization of native colonic mucus. The structural properties of the artificial colonic mucus were validated against the native secretion for their ability to capture key diffusion patterns of macromolecules in native mucus. Moreover, the artificial colonic mucus could be stored under common laboratory conditions, without compromising its barrier properties. In conclusion, the porcine artificial colonic mucus model can be considered a biorelevant way to study the diffusion behavior of drug candidates in colonic mucus. It is a cost-efficient screening tool easily incorporated into the early stages of drug development and it contributes to the implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement of animals) in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Barmpatsalou
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rodler
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Marie-Louise Karlsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Betty Lomstein Pedersen
- Product Development & Drug Delivery, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Amager Strandvej 405, Kastrup 2770, Denmark
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4
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Neutralization of ionic interactions by dextran-based single-chain nanoparticles improves tobramycin diffusion into a mature biofilm. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:52. [PMID: 35787627 PMCID: PMC9253323 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protects biofilm cells by reducing diffusion of antimicrobials. Tobramycin is an antibiotic used extensively to treat P. aeruginosa biofilms, but it is sequestered in the biofilm periphery by the extracellular negative charge matrix and loses its efficacy significantly. Dispersal of the biofilm extracellular matrix with enzymes such as DNase I is another promising therapy that enhances antibiotic diffusion into the biofilm. Here, we combine the charge neutralization of tobramycin provided by dextran-based single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) together with DNase I to break the biofilm matrix. Our study demonstrates that the SCPNs improve the activity of tobramycin and DNase I by neutralizing the ionic interactions that keep this antibiotic in the biofilm periphery. Moreover, the detailed effects and interactions of nanoformulations with extracellular matrix components were revealed through time-lapse imaging of the P. aeruginosa biofilms by laser scanning confocal microscopy with specific labeling of the different biofilm components.
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5
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Piktel E, Wnorowska U, Depciuch J, Łysik D, Cieśluk M, Fiedoruk K, Mystkowska J, Parlińska-Wojtan M, Janmey PA, Bucki R. N-Acetyl-Cysteine Increases Activity of Peanut-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles Against Biofilms Formed by Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:851-871. [PMID: 35281576 PMCID: PMC8906902 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by bacteria, as they form a biofilm, determine the stability and viscoelastic properties of biofilms and prevent antibiotics from penetrating this multicellular structure. To date, studies demonstrated that an appropriate optimization of the chemistry and morphology of nanotherapeutics might provide a favorable approach to control their interaction with EPS and/or diffusion within the biofilm matrix. Targeting the biofilms’ EPS, which in certain conditions can adopt liquid crystal structure, was demonstrated to improve the anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics and nanoparticles. A similar effect is achievable by interfering EPS’ production by mucoactive agents, such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). In our previous study, we demonstrated the nanogram efficiency of non-spherical gold nanoparticles, which due to their physicochemical features, particularly morphology, were noted to be superior in antimicrobial activity compared to their spherical-shaped counterparts. Methods To explore the importance of EPS matrix modulation in achieving a suitable efficiency of peanut-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuP NPs) against biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients, fluorescence microscopy, as well as resazurin staining were employed. Rheological parameters of AuP NPs-treated biofilms were investigated by rotational and creep-recovery tests using a rheometer in a plate-plate arrangement. Results We demonstrated that tested nanoparticles significantly inhibit the growth of mono- and mixed-species biofilms, particularly when combined with NAC. Notably, gold nanopeanuts were shown to decrease the viscosity and increase the creep compliance of Pseudomonas biofilm, similarly to EPS-targeting NAC. Synergistic activity of AuP NPs with tobramycin was also observed, and the AuP NPs were able to eradicate bacteria within biofilms formed by tobramycin-resistant isolates. Conclusion We propose that peanut-shaped gold nanoparticles should be considered as a potent therapeutic agent against Pseudomonas biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physic, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, PL-31342, Poland
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | | | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
- Correspondence: Robert Bucki, Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Bialystok, 15-222, Poland, Tel + 48 85 748 5793, Email
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6
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Tsai YY, Vazquez CI, Shiu RF, Garcia AK, Le C, Patel P, Sadqi M, Chin WC. Effects of Rock Dust Particles on Airway Mucus Viscosity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Huang Z, Kłodzińska SN, Wan F, Nielsen HM. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: state of the art towards efficient treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract bacterial infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1634-1654. [PMID: 33694082 PMCID: PMC7945609 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recalcitrant respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have emerged as one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. Aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to combat such infections, as it allows targeted delivery of high drug concentrations to the infected organ while limiting systemic exposure. However, successful aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is still challenged by the diverse biological barriers in infected lungs. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery is gaining increasing attention as a means to overcome the biological barriers and accomplish site-specific drug delivery by controlling release of the loaded drug(s) at the target site. With the aim to summarize emerging efforts in combating respiratory tract infections by using nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary delivery strategies, this review provides a brief introduction to the bacterial infection-related pulmonary diseases and the biological barriers for effective treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract infections. This is followed by a summary of recent advances in design of inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that overcome the biological barriers and increase drug bioavailability. Finally, challenges for the translation from exploratory laboratory research to clinical application are also discussed and potential solutions proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sylvia Natalie Kłodzińska
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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8
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Banerjee A, Shelver WL. Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142518. [PMID: 33065507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic based products are ubiquitous due to their tremendous utility in our daily lives. However, the limited biodegradable nature of plastics has recently raised pollution concerns globally, especially micro- and nanoplastics. These anthropogenic pollutants are either manufactured specifically in the small size range for various commercial applications or formed due to fragmentation of macro plastics in the environment. Micro- and nanoplastics are currently widespread in the oceans, freshwater bodies, land and even present in our food. The biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic organisms are well documented but their impacts on mammalian system have not been rigorously investigated. This review discusses the potential routes of exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, biological effects of these particles in mammalian cells, factors influencing toxicity, and the probable mechanisms of cytotoxicity. In general, small size, positive charge, high dose, and presence of toxic additives or pollutants in the micro/nanoplastics appear to induce cellular toxicity through oxidative stress, membrane damage, immune response and genotoxicity. Understanding the cellular fate and toxicity of these materials may help extrapolate risks to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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das Neves J, Sverdlov Arzi R, Sosnik A. Molecular and cellular cues governing nanomaterial-mucosae interactions: from nanomedicine to nanotoxicology. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:5058-5100. [PMID: 32538405 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues constitute the largest interface between the body and the surrounding environment and they regulate the access of molecules, supramolecular structures, particulate matter, and pathogens into it. All mucosae are characterized by an outer mucus layer that protects the underlying cells from physicochemical, biological and mechanical insults, a mono-layered or stratified epithelium that forms tight junctions and controls the selective transport of solutes across it and associated lymphoid tissues that play a sentinel role. Mucus is a gel-like material comprised mainly of the glycoprotein mucin and water and it displays both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, a net negative charge, and high porosity and pore interconnectivity, providing an efficient barrier for the absorption of therapeutic agents. To prolong the residence time, absorption and bioavailability of a broad spectrum of active compounds upon mucosal administration, mucus-penetrating and mucoadhesive particles have been designed by tuning the chemical composition, the size, the density, and the surface properties. The benefits of utilizing nanomaterials that interact intimately with mucosae by different mechanisms in the nanomedicine field have been extensively reported. To ensure the safety of these nanosystems, their compatibility is evaluated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical and clinical trials. Conversely, there is a growing concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials dispersed in air and water effluents that unintentionally come into contact with the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, deep understanding of the key nanomaterial properties that govern the interplay with mucus and tissues is crucial for the rational design of more efficient drug delivery nanosystems (nanomedicine) and to anticipate the fate and side-effects of nanoparticulate matter upon acute or chronic exposure (nanotoxicology). This review initially overviews the complex structural features of mucosal tissues, including the structure of mucus, the epithelial barrier, the mucosal-associated lymphatic tissues and microbiota. Then, the most relevant investigations attempting to identify and validate the key particle features that govern nanomaterial-mucosa interactions and that are relevant in both nanomedicine and nanotoxicology are discussed in a holistic manner. Finally, the most popular experimental techniques and the incipient use of mathematical and computational models to characterize these interactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Ruiz-Pulido G, Medina DI. An overview of gastrointestinal mucus rheology under different pH conditions and introduction to pH-dependent rheological interactions with PLGA and chitosan nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:123-136. [PMID: 33387633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the physicochemical and mechanical properties of porcine gastrointestinal mucus from a rheological point of view. Considering mucus as a viscoelastic gel that functions as a biological barrier by limiting particles passage, lubricating the gastrointestinal tract, and protecting the stomach from gastric acids. The viscoelastic and protective properties of mucus are mainly produced by its mucin network, which is stabilized through electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Otherwise, mucus rheology is determined by its polyanionic nature at physiological pH. At neutral pH, mucus presents a viscous behavior produced by chains crosslinking. While, at acidic pH, mucus exhibits an elastic behavior related with the extended conformation that produces mucus gelation at the stomach. Additionally, rheology studies the degree of adhesion between a polymer-mucus mixture through rheological synergism, and how it varies at different pH conditions. Finally, mucoadhesion phenomenon is exemplified with chitosan (cationic) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (anionic) polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ruiz-Pulido
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico
| | - Dora I Medina
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico.
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Heddagaard FE, Møller P. Hazard assessment of small-size plastic particles: is the conceptual framework of particle toxicology useful? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111106. [PMID: 31899364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to plastic particles, but there are no studies on environmental plastics in cell cultures or animals. The toxicological understanding arises from model particles like polystyrene, polyethylene or non-plastic particles like food-grade titanium dioxide. The majority of studies on polystyrene particles show toxicological effects on measures of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction and apoptosis. The toxic effects in cell cultures mainly occur at high concentrations. Polyethylene particles seem to generate inflammatory reactions, whereas other toxicological effects have not been assessed. There are very few studies on effects of polystyrene particles in animal models and these have not demonstrated overt indices of toxicity. Studies in animals are the likely way for hazard assessment of micro- or nanoplastics. However, co-culture systems that mimic the complex architecture of mammalian tissues can cost-efficiently determine the hazards of micro- and nanoplastics. Future studies should include low doses of micro- and nanoplastic particles, which are more relevant in the assessment of health risk than the extrapolation of effects from high doses to realistic doses. Based on studies on model particles, environmental exposure to micro- and nanoplastic particles may be a hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Emilie Heddagaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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12
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Hua S. Advances in Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Approaches for Sublingual and Buccal Administration. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1328. [PMID: 31827435 PMCID: PMC6848967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sublingual and buccal routes of administration have significant advantages for both local and systemic drug delivery. They have shown to be an effective alternative to the traditional oral route, especially when fast onset of action is required. Drugs can be rapidly and directly absorbed into the systemic circulation via venous drainage to the superior vena cava. Therefore, they are useful for drugs that undergo high hepatic clearance or degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, and for patients that have swallowing difficulties. Drugs administered via the sublingual and buccal routes are traditionally formulated as solid dosage forms (e.g., tablets, wafers, films, and patches), liquid dosage forms (e.g., sprays and drops), and semi-solid dosage forms (e.g., gels). Conventional dosage forms are commonly affected by physiological factors, which can reduce the contact of the formulation with the mucosa and lead to unpredictable drug absorption. There have been a number of advances in formulation development to improve the retention and absorption of drugs in the buccal and sublingual regions. This review will focus on the physiological aspects that influence buccal and sublingual drug delivery and the advances in nanoparticulate drug delivery approaches for sublingual and buccal administration. The clinical development pipeline with formulations approved and in clinical trials will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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13
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Di Cola E, Cantu' L, Brocca P, Rondelli V, Fadda GC, Canelli E, Martelli P, Clementino A, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Del Favero E. Novel O/W nanoemulsions for nasal administration: Structural hints in the selection of performing vehicles with enhanced mucopenetration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110439. [PMID: 31473410 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose novel oil-in-water nanoemulsions (O/W NEs) including PEGylated surfactants and chitosan, showing good biocompatibility and optimization for nasal administration of drugs or vaccines. The transmucosal route has been shown to be ideal for a fast and efficient absorption and represents a viable alternative when the oral administration is problematic. The critical structural features in view of optimal encapsulation and transmucosal delivery were assessed by characterizing the NEs with complementary scattering techniques, i.e. dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS). Combined results allowed for selecting the formulations with the best suited structural properties and in addition establishing their propensity to enter the mucus barrier. To this scope, mucin was used as a model system and the effect of adding chitosan to the NEs, as adjuvant, was investigated. Remarkably, the presence of chitosan had a positive impact on the diffusion of the NE particles through the mucin matrix. We can infer that chitosan-mucin interaction induces density inhomogeneity and an increase in the pore size within the gel matrix that enhances the PEGylated NEs mobility. The coupling of mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating agents is shown to be a promising strategy for innovative transmucosal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy; Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Laura Cantu'
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Paola Brocca
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Giulia C Fadda
- Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cauchin, 93017 Bobigny, France; Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Elena Canelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adryana Clementino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy.
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14
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Particle coating alters mucociliary transit in excised rat trachea: A synchrotron X-ray imaging study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10983. [PMID: 31358851 PMCID: PMC6662859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed non-invasive in vivo mucociliary transport (MCT) monitoring methods using synchrotron phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) to evaluate potential therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, previous in vivo measurements of MCT velocity using this method were lower than those from alternate methods. We hypothesise this was due to the surface chemistry of the uncoated particles. We investigated the effect of particle surface coating on MCT marker performance by measuring the velocity of uncoated, positively-charged (aminated; NH2), and negatively-charged (carboxylated; COOH) particles. The effect of aerosolised hypertonic saline (HS) was also investigated, as previous in vivo measurements showed HS significantly increased MCT rate. PCXI experiments were performed using an ex vivo rat tracheal imaging setup. Prior to aerosol delivery there was little movement of the uncoated particles, whilst the NH2 and COOH particles moved with MCT rates similar to those previously reported. After application of HS the uncoated and COOH particle velocity increased and NH2 decreased. This experiment validated the use of COOH particles as MCT marker particles over the uncoated and NH2 coated particles. Our results suggest that future experiments measuring MCT using synchrotron PCXI should use COOH coated marker particles for more accurate MCT quantification.
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15
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Track analysis of the passage of rhodamine-labeled liposomes across porcine jejunal mucus in a microchannel device. Ther Deliv 2019; 9:419-433. [PMID: 29722632 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate how surface charge and hydrophilicity affect the mucopermeation of liposomes across intestinal mucus. METHODOLOGY Rhodamine-labeled liposomes (∼120-130 nm) with different surface charges were investigated for their capacity to flux across fresh porcine jejunal mucus in a microchannel device. Fluorescent microscopy and tracking analysis were used to measure liposome movement, while fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was utilized to determine mucus pH. RESULTS Mucopermeation was dependent on hydrophilicity and surface charge - anionic liposomes permeated more than cationic. The most cationic liposomal prototype agglomerated mucus. Presence of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ increased both speed and straightness of the pathways for all prototypes. Cationic but not anionic liposomes caused acidification (pH 2.5). CONCLUSION Acidification caused by cationic liposomes explains their ability to interfere with mucus stability. Surface charge of liposomes strongly influences mucopermeation capability.
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16
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Khan MA, Ali ZS, Sweezey N, Grasemann H, Palaniyar N. Progression of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease from Childhood to Adulthood: Neutrophils, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation, and NET Degradation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030183. [PMID: 30813645 PMCID: PMC6471578 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause CF. Infants with CFTR mutations show a peribronchial neutrophil infiltration prior to the establishment of infection in their lung. The inflammatory response progressively increases in children that include both upper and lower airways. Infectious and inflammatory response leads to an increase in mucus viscosity and mucus plugging of small and medium-size bronchioles. Eventually, neutrophils chronically infiltrate the airways with biofilm or chronic bacterial infection. Perpetual infection and airway inflammation destroy the lungs, which leads to increased morbidity and eventual mortality in most of the patients with CF. Studies have now established that neutrophil cytotoxins, extracellular DNA, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with increased mucus clogging and lung injury in CF. In addition to opportunistic pathogens, various aspects of the CF airway milieux (e.g., airway pH, salt concentration, and neutrophil phenotypes) influence the NETotic capacity of neutrophils. CF airway milieu may promote the survival of neutrophils and eventual pro-inflammatory aberrant NETosis, rather than the anti-inflammatory apoptotic death in these cells. Degrading NETs helps to manage CF airway disease; since DNAse treatment release cytotoxins from the NETs, further improvements are needed to degrade NETs with maximal positive effects. Neutrophil-T cell interactions may be important in regulating viral infection-mediated pulmonary exacerbations in patients with bacterial infections. Therefore, clarifying the role of neutrophils and NETs in CF lung disease and identifying therapies that preserve the positive effects of neutrophils, while reducing the detrimental effects of NETs and cytotoxic components, are essential in achieving innovative therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Zubair Sabz Ali
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Neil Sweezey
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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17
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Chen CS, Le C, Chiu MH, Chin WC. The impact of nanoplastics on marine dissolved organic matter assembly. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:316-320. [PMID: 29627555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of nanoplastics (NPs) released into natural aquatic surroundings is an increasing concern. NPs are widely generated from our daily waste disposal and eventually reach the ocean, wherein consequent influences on aquatic environments remain unclear. In this regard, there are few studies investigating NP-related ecological impacts. Comprising one of Earth's major carbon pools, marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) serves an essential role in global carbon dynamics. The spontaneous assembly of DOM into particulate organic matter (POM) plays important roles in the marine carbon cycle, and is involved in hemostasis of various ecological communities. Here, we report that 10 ppb NPs (polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate, 25 nm) appeared in a water column accelerate the kinetic assembly rate of DOM-POM transition. NPs with various characteristics show similar influences on DOM assembly, and seawater samples collected from disparate sites were used to further confirm this unanticipated phenomenon. In this study, we demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions contribute to the facilitation of NP-DOM aggregations. Our results illustrate that NPs alter DOM-POM assembly, which may potentiate unanticipated perturbation to the largest marine carbon pool. Such effects would warrant increased vigilance on current practices of plastic usage and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Clarence Le
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced 95343, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Hsuen Chiu
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced 95343, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced 95343, CA, USA.
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18
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Tsai SM, Duran-Robles E, Goshia T, Mesina M, Garcia C, Young J, Sibal A, Chiu MH, Chin WC. CeO 2 nanoparticles attenuate airway mucus secretion induced by TiO 2 nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:262-269. [PMID: 29525705 PMCID: PMC5930066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotoxicity studies associated with various nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted intense research interest due to the broader applications of nanoparticles in our daily lives. The exposure of nanoparticles can lead to hypersecretion and accumulation of airway mucus which are closely associated with many respiratory diseases. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), one of the PM10 components, is a major NP that is widely utilized in many commercial products. Our previous study established the connection between induced airway mucus secretion and TiO2 NPs. However, the countermeasure to reduce the harmful effects of TiO2 NPs, especially airway mucus secretion, remains unexplored. One of the potential candidates to reduce airway mucus secretion is cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs. It has been reported that CeO2 NPs can protect cells by diminishing ROS and inflammatory responses. Herein, our study shows that CeO2 NPs are able to reduce cytosolic Ca2+ changes and mitochondrial damage caused by TiO2 NPs. Our results provide the evidence that hypersecretion of mucus and apoptosis progression induced by TiO2 NPs can be attenuated by CeO2 NPs. This study highlights the potential capacity of CeO2 NPs as a supplementary material for TiO2 NPs applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ming Tsai
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Edith Duran-Robles
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Tyler Goshia
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Maria Mesina
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Carlos Garcia
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Julia Young
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Angelo Sibal
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Meng-Hsuen Chiu
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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19
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Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Tajber L, Behan G, Zhang H, Radomski MW, Medina C, Santos-Martinez MJ. The Role of Mucin in the Toxicological Impact of Polystyrene Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050724. [PMID: 29751544 PMCID: PMC5978101 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel oral drug delivery systems is an expanding area of research and both new approaches for improving their efficacy and the investigation of their potential toxicological effect are crucial and should be performed in parallel. Polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for the production of diagnostic and therapeutic nanosystems, are widely used in food packaging, and have also served as models for investigating NPs interactions with biological systems. The mucous gel layer that covers the epithelium of the gastrointestinal system is a complex barrier-exchange system that it is mainly constituted by mucin and it constitutes the first physical barrier encountered after ingestion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of polystyrene NPs on mucin and its potential role during NP–cell interactions. For this purpose, we evaluated the interaction of polystyrene NPs with mucin in dispersion by dynamic light scattering and with a deposited layer of mucin using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation technology. Next, we measured cell viability and the apoptotic state of three enterocyte-like cell lines that differ in their ability to produce mucin, after their exposure to the NPs. Positive charged NPs showed the ability to strongly interact and aggregate mucin in our model. Positive NPs affected cell viability and induced apoptosis in all cell lines independently of their ability of produce mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Gavin Behan
- Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hongzhou Zhang
- Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Marek W Radomski
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maria J Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Kootala S, Filho L, Srivastava V, Linderberg V, Moussa A, David L, Trombotto S, Crouzier T. Reinforcing Mucus Barrier Properties with Low Molar Mass Chitosans. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:872-882. [PMID: 29451983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mucus gel covers the wet epithelia that forms the inner lining of the body. It constitutes our first line of defense protecting the body from infections and other deleterious molecules. Failure of the mucus barrier can lead to the inflammation of the mucosa such as in inflammatory bowel diseases. Unfortunately, there are no effective strategies that reinforce the mucus barrier properties to recover or enhance its ability to protect the epithelium. Herein, we describe a mucus engineering approach that addresses this issue where we physically cross-link the mucus gel with low molar mass chitosan variants to reinforce its barrier functions. We tested the effect of these chitosans on mucus using in-lab purified porcine gastric mucins, which mimic the native properties of mucus, and on mucus-secreting HT29-MTX epithelial cell cultures. We found that the lowest molar mass chitosan variant (degree of polymerization of 8) diffuses deep into the mucus gels while physically cross-linking the mucin polymers, whereas the higher molar mass chitosan variants (degree of polymerization of 52 and 100) interact only superficially. The complexation resulted in a tighter mucin polymer mesh that slowed the diffusion of dextran polymers and of the cholera toxin B subunit protein through the mucus gels. These results uncover a new use for low molar mass mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosans as noncytotoxic mucosal barrier enhancers that could be valuable in the prevention and treatment of mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kootala
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry , Division of Glycoscience , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Luimar Filho
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Science , Uppsala University , 752 37 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry , Division of Glycoscience , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Victoria Linderberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry , Division of Glycoscience , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Amani Moussa
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry , Division of Glycoscience , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
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21
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Nordgård CT, Draget KI. Co association of mucus modulating agents and nanoparticles for mucosal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:175-183. [PMID: 29307632 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nDDS) offer a variety of options when it comes to routes of administration. One possible path is crossing mucosal barriers, such as in the airways and in the GI tract, for systemic distribution or local treatment. The main challenge with this administration route is that the size and surface properties of the nanoparticles, as opposed to small molecular drugs, very often results in mucosal capture, immobilization and removal, which in turn results in a very low bioavailability. Strategies to overcome this challenge do exist, like surface 'stealth' modification with PEG. Here we review an alternative or supplemental strategy, co-association of mucus modulating agents with the nDDS to improve bioavailability, where the nDDS may be surface modified or unmodified. This contribution presents some examples on how possible co-association systems may be achieved, using currently marketed mucolytic drugs, alternative formulations or novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Taylor Nordgård
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kurt I Draget
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Elzoghby AO, El-Lakany SA, Helmy MW, Abu-Serie MM, Elgindy NA. Shell-crosslinked zein nanocapsules for oral codelivery of exemestane and resveratrol in breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2785-2805. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oral administration of exemestane (EXM) and resveratrol (RES) for breast cancer therapy has been limited by their poor solubility and low permeability. Methods: In this study, these issues were tackled using zein nanocapsules (ZNCs) for oral EXM/RES codelivery combining drug solubilization within oily core and resistance to digestion via hydrophobic protein shell. Furthermore, higher oral stability and sustained release could be enabled by glutaraldehyde crosslinking of zein shell. Results & conclusion: EXM/RES-ZNCs showed enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cells compared with free drug combination with higher selectivity to cancer cells rather than normal fibroblasts. In vivo, crosslinked EXM/RES-ZNCs markedly reduced the percentage increase of Ehrlich ascites mammary tumor volume in mice by 2.4-fold compared with free drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sarah A El-Lakany
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, New-Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nazik A Elgindy
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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23
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Meldrum K, Guo C, Marczylo EL, Gant TW, Smith R, Leonard MO. Mechanistic insight into the impact of nanomaterials on asthma and allergic airway disease. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:45. [PMID: 29157272 PMCID: PMC5697410 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease known for its high susceptibility to environmental exposure. Inadvertent inhalation of engineered or incidental nanomaterials is a concern for human health, particularly for those with underlying disease susceptibility. In this review we provide a comprehensive analysis of those studies focussed on safety assessment of different nanomaterials and their unique characteristics on asthma and allergic airway disease. These include in vivo and in vitro approaches as well as human and population studies. The weight of evidence presented supports a modifying role for nanomaterial exposure on established asthma as well as the development of the condition. Due to the variability in modelling approaches, nanomaterial characterisation and endpoints used for assessment in these studies, there is insufficient information for how one may assign relative hazard potential to individual nanoscale properties. New developments including the adoption of standardised models and focussed in vitro and in silico approaches have the potential to more reliably identify properties of concern through comparative analysis across robust and select testing systems. Importantly, key to refinement and choice of the most appropriate testing systems is a more complete understanding of how these materials may influence disease at the cellular and molecular level. Detailed mechanistic insight also brings with it opportunities to build important population and exposure susceptibilities into models. Ultimately, such approaches have the potential to more clearly extrapolate relevant toxicological information, which can be used to improve nanomaterial safety assessment for human disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Chang Guo
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Emma L Marczylo
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Timothy W Gant
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
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24
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Bhattacharjee S, Mahon E, Harrison SM, McGetrick J, Muniyappa M, Carrington SD, Brayden DJ. Nanoparticle passage through porcine jejunal mucus: Microfluidics and rheology. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:863-873. [PMID: 27965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A micro-slide chamber was used to screen and rank sixteen functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SiNP) of different sizes (10, 50, 100 and 200 nm) and surface coatings (aminated, carboxylated, methyl-PEG1000ylated, and methyl-PEG2000ylated) according to their capacity to permeate porcine jejunal mucus. Variables investigated were influence of particle size, surface charge and methyl-PEGylation. The anionic SiNP showed higher transport through mucus whereas the cationic SiNP exhibited higher binding with lower transport. A size-dependence in transport was identified - 10 and 50 nm anionic (uncoated or methyl-PEGylated) SiNP showed higher transport compared to the larger 100 and 200 nm SiNP. The cationic SiNP of all sizes interacted with the mucus, making it more viscous and less capable of swelling. In contrast, the anionic SiNP (uncoated or methyl-PEGylated) caused minimal changes in the viscoelasticity of mucus. The data provide insights into mucus-NP interactions and suggest a rationale for designing oral nanomedicines with improved mucopermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eugene Mahon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sabine M Harrison
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jim McGetrick
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohankumar Muniyappa
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen D Carrington
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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25
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Lim YH, Tiemann KM, Hunstad DA, Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Polymeric nanoparticles in development for treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:842-871. [PMID: 27016134 PMCID: PMC5035710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serious lung infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis-related bacterial diseases, are increasingly difficult to treat and can be life-threatening. Over the last decades, an array of therapeutics and/or diagnostics have been exploited for management of pulmonary infections, but the advent of drug-resistant bacteria and the adverse conditions experienced upon reaching the lung environment urge the development of more effective delivery vehicles. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the approach to circumventing these barriers, enabling better management of pulmonary infectious diseases. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle-based therapeutics have emerged as promising candidates, allowing for programmed design of multi-functional nanodevices and, subsequently, improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional routes of delivery. Direct delivery to the lungs of such nanoparticles, loaded with appropriate antimicrobials and equipped with 'smart' features to overcome various mucosal and cellular barriers, is a promising approach to localize and concentrate therapeutics at the site of infection while minimizing systemic exposure to the therapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent progress (2005-2015) important for the rational design of nanostructures, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for the treatment of pulmonary infections with highlights on the influences of size, shape, composition, and surface characteristics of antimicrobial-bearing polymeric nanoparticles on their biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:842-871. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1401 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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26
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Mouftah S, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Lamprecht A. Buccal delivery of low molecular weight heparin by cationic polymethacrylate nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:565-574. [PMID: 27773855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Buccal delivery seems to be a very promising administration route for macromolecular drugs. Here, we explored the potential of cationic polymethacrylate nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier system for the buccal delivery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). LMWH-loaded NPs were prepared by emulsification solvent diffusion method and the NPs were analyzed for their physiochemical properties, rheological evaluations and ex vivo transport studies across buccal mucosa. The prepared LMWH-loaded NPs showed a mean diameter between 400 and 500nm with unimodal size distribution with negative surface charge. Viscosity measurements revealed a positive rheological synergism between the prepared NPs and mucin when mixed under physiological conditions. After 4h, about 6.3±0.9% of LMWH was released in case of using Eudragit® RS (ERS); while Eudragit® RL (ERL) NPs released only 3.0±0.3 % of its LMWH content and this incomplete release was slightly ameliorated in the presence of mucin reaching to 7.2±0.3 % and 4.8±0.3 % for ERS and ERL, respectively. The ex-vivo permeability of heparin through the buccal mucosa was significantly increased after using polymetharylate NPs while no heparin permeation was detected from free heparin solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging indicated the mucoadhesive properties of the polymetharylate NPs where the drug-free NPs were detected in the superficial layers of buccal mucosa. LMWH-loaded NPs had less mucoadhesive properties showing significant deeper penetration of the mucosa. The results indicated that mucoadhesive cationic polymethacrylate NPs offer a possible approach for the buccal delivery of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Mouftah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Institutes, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Institutes, University of Bonn, Germany; FDE (EA4267), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Institutes, University of Bonn, Germany; FDE (EA4267), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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27
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Pritchard MF, Powell LC, Menzies GE, Lewis PD, Hawkins K, Wright C, Doull I, Walsh TR, Onsøyen E, Dessen A, Myrvold R, Rye PD, Myrset AH, Stevens HNE, Hodges LA, MacGregor G, Neilly JB, Hill KE, Thomas DW. A New Class of Safe Oligosaccharide Polymer Therapy To Modify the Mucus Barrier of Chronic Respiratory Disease. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:863-72. [PMID: 26833139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The host- and bacteria-derived extracellular polysaccharide coating of the lung is a considerable challenge in chronic respiratory disease and is a powerful barrier to effective drug delivery. A low molecular weight 12-15-mer alginate oligosaccharide (OligoG CF-5/20), derived from plant biopolymers, was shown to modulate the polyanionic components of this coating. Molecular modeling and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated binding between OligoG CF-5/20 and respiratory mucins. Ex vivo studies showed binding induced alterations in mucin surface charge and porosity of the three-dimensional mucin networks in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum. Human studies showed that OligoG CF-5/20 is safe for inhalation in CF patients with effective lung deposition and modifies the viscoelasticity of CF-sputum. OligoG CF-5/20 is the first inhaled polymer therapy, represents a novel mechanism of action and therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic respiratory disease, and is currently in Phase IIb clinical trials for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon F Pritchard
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Iolo Doull
- Respiratory/Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Children's Hospital for Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XW, U.K
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4EP, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee A Hodges
- Bio-Images Drug Delivery Ltd., Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K
| | | | | | - Katja E Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
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28
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Rossez Y, Burtea C, Laurent S, Gosset P, Léonard R, Gonzalez W, Ballet S, Raynal I, Rousseaux O, Dugué T, Vander Elst L, Michalski JC, Muller RN, Robbe-Masselot C. Early detection of colonic dysplasia by magnetic resonance molecular imaging with a contrast agent raised against the colon cancer marker MUC5AC. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:211-21. [PMID: 26762591 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human gastric mucin MUC5AC is secreted in the colonic mucus of cancer patients and is a specific marker of precancerous lesions called aberrant crypt foci. Using MUC5AC as a specific marker can improve sensitivity in the detection of early colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrated that the accumulation of MUC5AC in xenograft and mouse stomach can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIOs) conjugated with disulfide constrained heptapeptide that were identified using a screening phage display. To accomplish this, we employed positive selection of the phage display library on MUC5AC purified from fresh human colonic adenomas in combination with negative selection of the phage library on purified human MUC2, which is predominantly found in normal colorectal tissues. This conjugate was tested on human colorectal cancer cell lines that were either able or unable to secrete MUC5AC, both in vitro and in vivo. MUC5AC-USPIO contrast agent and USPIOs alone were not detected in cell lines unable to secrete MUC5AC. A combination of MRI and microscopy studies was performed to detect a specific accumulation of the contrast agent in vivo. Thus, the MUC5AC contrast agent enabled non-invasive detection of precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer, highlighting its potential use in diagnostics, in the early detection of colorectal cancer recurrences after treatment and in mechanistic studies implicating MUC5AC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Rossez
- University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.,USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Carmen Burtea
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, 19, Avenue Maistriau, Mendeleev Building, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, 19, Avenue Maistriau, Mendeleev Building, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gosset
- University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.,UCLille, Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, F-59000, Lille, France.,Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique Lillois/Faculté Libre de Médecine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Léonard
- University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.,USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Walter Gonzalez
- Guerbet, Research Center, 16-24 rue Jean Chaptal, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sébastien Ballet
- Guerbet, Research Center, 16-24 rue Jean Chaptal, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Isabelle Raynal
- Guerbet, Research Center, 16-24 rue Jean Chaptal, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Guerbet, Research Center, 16-24 rue Jean Chaptal, 93600, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Timothée Dugué
- Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique Lillois/Faculté Libre de Médecine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, 19, Avenue Maistriau, Mendeleev Building, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Michalski
- University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.,USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Robert N Muller
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, 19, Avenue Maistriau, Mendeleev Building, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.,USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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29
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Esther CR, Coakley RD, Henderson AG, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Boucher RC. Metabolomic Evaluation of Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Chest 2015; 148:507-515. [PMID: 25611918 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic evaluation of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway secretions could identify metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in neutrophilic airway inflammation that could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics was performed on a discovery set of BAL fluid samples from 25 children with CF, and targeted MS methods were used to identify and quantify metabolites related to neutrophilic inflammation. A biomarker panel of these metabolites was then compared with neutrophil counts and clinical markers in independent validation sets of lavage from children with CF and adults with COPD compared with control subjects. RESULTS Of the 7,791 individual peaks detected by positive-mode MS metabolomics discovery profiling, 338 were associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Targeted MS determined that many of these peaks were generated by metabolites from pathways related to the metabolism of purines, polyamines, proteins, and nicotinamide. Analysis of the independent validation sets verified that, in subjects with CF or COPD, several metabolites, particularly those from purine metabolism and protein catabolism pathways, were strongly correlated with neutrophil counts and were related to clinical markers, including airway infection and lung function. CONCLUSIONS MS metabolomics identified multiple metabolic pathways associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation. These findings provide insight into disease pathophysiology and can serve as the basis for developing disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for airways diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Esther
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Raymond D Coakley
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ashley G Henderson
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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30
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Caramella CM, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G. Mucoadhesive and thermogelling systems for vaginal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:39-52. [PMID: 25683694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on two formulation approaches, mucoadhesion and thermogelling, intended for prolonging residence time on vaginal mucosa of medical devices or drug delivery systems, thus improving their efficacy. The review, after a brief description of the vaginal environment and, in particular, of the vaginal secretions that strongly affect in vivo performance of vaginal formulations, deals with the above delivery systems. As for mucoadhesive systems, conventional formulations (gels, tablets, suppositories and emulsions) and novel drug delivery systems (micro-, nano-particles) intended for vaginal administration to achieve either local or systemic effect are reviewed. As for thermogelling systems, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) copolymer-based and chitosan-based formulations are discussed as thermogelling systems. The methods employed for functional characterization of both mucoadhesive and thermogelling drug delivery systems are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Caramella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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31
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Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Podkolodnaya OA, Ignatieva EV, Podkolodnyy NL, Kolchanov NA. Routes of nanoparticle uptake into mammalian organisms, their biocompatibility and cellular effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086412040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Chen EY, Daley D, Wang YC, Garnica M, Chen CS, Chin WC. Functionalized carboxyl nanoparticles enhance mucus dispersion and hydration. Sci Rep 2012; 2:211. [PMID: 22355725 PMCID: PMC3251626 DOI: 10.1038/srep00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal accumulation of viscous, poorly hydrated, and less transportable mucus has been associated with altered mucus rheology and reduced mucociliary clearance. These symptoms are some of the cardinal clinical manifestations found throughout major respiratory diseases as well as gastrointestinal and digestive disorders. Applications of current mucolytics may yield short-term improvements but are continuously challenged by undesirable side-effects. While nanoparticles (NPs) can interact with mucin polymers,whether functionalized NPs can rectify mucus rheology is unknown. Herein, we report that carboxyl-functionalized NPs (24 nm and 120 nm) dramatically reduced mucin gel size and accelerated mucin matrix hydration rate (diffusivity). Our results suggest that carboxyl-functionalized NPs disperse mucin gels possibly by enhancing network hydration. This report highlights the prospective usages of carboxyl-functionalized NPs as a novel mucus dispersant or mucolytic agent in adjusting mucus rheological properties and improving mucociliary transport to relieve clinical symptoms of patients suffering from relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - David Daley
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Yung-Chen Wang
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Maria Garnica
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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34
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Models for oral uptake of nanoparticles in consumer products. Toxicology 2011; 291:10-7. [PMID: 22120540 PMCID: PMC3273702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafine particles, have been reported, consumers worry about potential risks when using products containing NMs. The review focuses on metal and metal oxide NMs as common additives in tooth paste and in food industry and exposure by the oral route. Testing of NMs for oral exposure is very complex because differences in the diet, in mucus secretion and composition, in pH, in gastrointestinal transit time and in gastrointestinal flora influence NM uptake. Acellular (mucus, saliva) and epithelial layer of the orogastrointestinal barrier are described. Expected exposure doses, interaction of the NMs with mucus and permeation through the epithelium as well as in vivo data are mentioned. The role of in vitro models for the study of parameters relevant for ingested NMs is discussed.
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35
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Ahmad S, Raemy DO, Loader JE, Kailey JM, Neeves KB, White CW, Ahmad A, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser BM. Interaction and localization of synthetic nanoparticles in healthy and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells: effect of ozone exposure. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2011; 25:7-15. [PMID: 22007674 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) produced by nanotechnology processes have taken the field of medicine by storm. Concerns about safety of these NPs in humans, however, have recently been raised. Although studies of NP toxicity have focused on lung disease the mechanistic link between NP exposure and lung injury remained unclear. This is primarily due to a lack of availability of appropriate airway disease models and sophisticated microscopic techniques to study nano-sized particulate delivery and resulting responses. METHODS Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of non-cystic fibrosis (CF) and CF airway epithelial cells were exposed to the FITC-labeled NPs using a PennCentury microsprayer™. Uptake of NPs was assessed by FACS. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) was performed and the images were analyzed by an advanced imaging software to study particle deposition and uptake. RESULTS Flow cytometry data revealed that CF cells accumulated increased amounts of NPs. The increased NP uptake could be attributed to the reduced CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function as a similar increased retention/uptake was observed in cells whose CFTR expression was downregulated by antisense oligonucleotide. NPs alone did not induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release or cell death. The cell culture system was sensitive to ozone but exposure to the uncoated synthetic NPs used in this study, did not cause any synergistic or suppressive effects. LSM imaging and subsequent image restoration further indicated particle uptake and intracellular localization. Exposure to ozone increased nuclear uptake in both non-CF and CF cells. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the uptake of NPs using ALI cultures of non-CF and CF airway epithelial cells. The NPs used here were useful in demonstrating uptake by airway epithelial cells without causing adverse effects in presence or absence of ozone. However, to totally exclude toxic effects, chronic studies under in vivo conditions using coated particulates are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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36
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Ibrahim BM, Park S, Han B, Yeo Y. A strategy to deliver genes to cystic fibrosis lungs: a battle with environment. J Control Release 2011; 155:289-95. [PMID: 21843562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum, a tenacious biopolymer network accumulating in the airways, critically interferes with the effectiveness of pulmonary gene delivery. To overcome this challenge, nanoparticulate ternary gene-polymer complexes were encapsulated in inhalable dry microparticles containing mannitol. When applied on a layer of artificial sputum, which comprised major components of CF sputum such as DNA and mucin, mannitol microparticles rapidly dissolved in it and enhanced transport of nanoparticles across the sputum layer. Despite the improvement of nanoparticle transport in the artificial sputum, the gene-polymer complex passing the sputum did not show gene transfection because of the significant inactivation by DNA and, to a lesser extent, mucin. Particle size measurement suggested that aggregation of the gene transfer agents was mainly responsible for the activity loss. These results indicate that the delivery of gene transfer agent across CF sputum depended not only on the ability to penetrate the sputum but also on preservation of the activity during and/or after the transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Ibrahim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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37
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Chen CS, Anaya JM, Zhang S, Spurgin J, Chuang CY, Xu C, Miao AJ, Chen EYT, Schwehr KA, Jiang Y, Quigg A, Santschi PH, Chin WC. Effects of engineered nanoparticles on the assembly of exopolymeric substances from phytoplankton. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21865. [PMID: 21811550 PMCID: PMC3140995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENs) that make their industrial applications so attractive simultaneously raise questions regarding their environmental safety. ENs exhibit behaviors different from bulk materials with identical chemical compositions. Though the nanotoxicity of ENs has been studied intensively, their unintended environmental impacts remain largely unknown. Herein we report experimental results of EN interactions with exopolymeric substances (EPS) from three marine phytoplankton species: Amphora sp., Ankistrodesmus angustus and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. EPS are polysaccharide-rich anionic colloid polymers released by various microorganisms that can assemble into microgels, possibly by means of hydrophobic and ionic mechanisms. Polystyrene nanoparticles (23 nm) were used in our study as model ENs. The effects of ENs on EPS assembly were monitored with dynamic laser scattering (DLS). We found that ENs can induce significant acceleration in Amphora sp. EPS assembly; after 72 hours EN-EPS aggregation reached equilibrium, forming microscopic gels of ∼4-6 µm in size. In contrast, ENs only cause moderate assembly kinetic acceleration for A. angustus and P. tricornutum EPS samples. Our results indicate that the effects of ENs on EPS assembly kinetics mainly depend on the hydrophobic interactions of ENs with EPS polymers. The cycling mechanism of EPS is complex. Nonetheless, the change of EPS assembly kinetics induced by ENs can be considered as one potential disturbance to the marine carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Jesse M. Anaya
- Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Saijin Zhang
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica Spurgin
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chia-Ying Chuang
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Y-T. Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Schwehr
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Santschi
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
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das Neves J, Amiji M, Sarmento B. Mucoadhesive nanosystems for vaginal microbicide development: friend or foe? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:389-99. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS, Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde‐Norte, Gandra, Portugal
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Ibrahim BM, Tsifansky MD, Yang Y, Yeo Y. Challenges and advances in the development of inhalable drug formulations for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:451-66. [PMID: 21375469 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.561310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disorder, which usually results in significant respiratory dysfunction. At present there is no cure for CF, but advances in pharmacotherapy have gradually increased the life expectancy of CF patients. As many drugs used in the therapy of CF are delivered by inhalation, the demand for effective and convenient inhalational CF drug formulations will grow as CF patients live longer. Knowledge of the current limitations in inhalational CF drug delivery is critical in identifying new opportunities and designing rational delivery strategies. AREAS COVERED This review discusses current and emerging therapeutic agents for CF therapy, selected physiological challenges to effective inhalational medication delivery, and various approaches to overcoming these challenges. The reader will find an integrated view of the known inhalational drug delivery challenges and the rationales for recent investigational inhalational drug formulations. EXPERT OPINION An ideal drug/gene delivery system to CF airways should overcome the tenacious sputum, which presents physical, chemical and biological barriers to effective transport of therapeutic agents to the targets and various cellular challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Ibrahim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Chen EYT, Garnica M, Wang YC, Chen CS, Chin WC. Mucin secretion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16198. [PMID: 21283816 PMCID: PMC3023769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) exposure has been closely associated with the exacerbation and pathophysiology of many respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma. Mucus hypersecretion and accumulation in the airway are major clinical manifestations commonly found in these diseases. Among a broad spectrum of NPs, titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), one of the PM10 components, is widely utilized in the nanoindustry for manufacturing and processing of various commercial products. Although TiO(2) NPs have been shown to induce cellular nanotoxicity and emphysema-like symptoms, whether TiO(2) NPs can directly induce mucus secretion from airway cells is currently unknown. Herein, we showed that TiO(2) NPs (<75 nm) can directly stimulate mucin secretion from human bronchial ChaGo-K1 epithelial cells via a Ca(2+) signaling mediated pathway. The amount of mucin secreted was quantified with enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). The corresponding changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration were monitored with Rhod-2, a fluorescent Ca(2+) dye. We found that TiO(2) NP-evoked mucin secretion was a function of increasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration resulting from an extracellular Ca(2+) influx via membrane Ca(2+) channels and cytosolic ER Ca(2+) release. The calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) mechanism played a major role in further amplifying the intracellular Ca(2+) signal and in sustaining a cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. This study provides a potential mechanistic link between airborne NPs and the pathoetiology of pulmonary diseases involving mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. T. Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Garnica
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Yung-Chen Wang
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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