1
|
Sun B, Shen K, Zhao R, Li Y, Lin J. Clarithromycin attenuates airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice through modulation of Kv1.3 channels and PI3K/Akt signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112624. [PMID: 39002519 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the important pathological feature of airway remodeling in asthma. While macrolides are not commonly used to treat asthma, they have been shown to have protective effects on the airways, in which mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of clarithromycin on airway EMT in asthma and its potential mechanism. The results revealed an increase in Kv1.3 expression in the airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, with symptoms and pathological changes being alleviated after treatment with the Kv1.3 inhibitor 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1). Clarithromycin was found to attenuate airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the inhibition of Kv1.3 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Further experiments in vitro confirmed that PAP-1 could mitigate EMT by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling in airway epithelial cells undergoing transformation into mesenchymal cells. These findings confirmed that clarithromycin might have a certain protective effect on asthma-related airway remodeling and represent a promising treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Sun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlu Shen
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan Q, Jia X, Wang M, Chen Z, Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang C, Zhang M, Zhang W, Huang M, Ji N. LincR-PPP2R5C Deficiency Alleviates Airway Remodeling by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through the PP2A/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Chronic Experimental Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:422-433. [PMID: 39155740 PMCID: PMC11331192 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a key characteristic of allergic asthma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by various factors, particularly transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, orchestrates airway remodeling. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an important serine-threonine phosphatase, is involved in TGF-β1 production and EMT. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel players in regulating EMT. Here, we aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of lincR-PPP2R5C, a lncRNA that affects PP2A activity, on airway remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. LincR-PPP2R5C knockout (KO) alleviated inflammatory responses in house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic allergic asthma. Moreover, airway remodeling and EMT were reduced in lung tissues of lincR-PPP2R5C KO mice. HDM extract induced EMT in airway epithelial cells, which was decreased following lincR-PPP2R5C KO. Mechanistically, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency enhanced PP2A activity, which inhibited TGF-β1 production in epithelial cells. In conclusion, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency prevented HDM-induced airway remodeling in mice by reversing EMT, which was mediated by the PP2A/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Thus, lncRNAs, i.e., lincR-PPP2R5C, may be potential targets to prevent airway remodeling in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kan LLY, Li P, Hon SSM, Lai AYT, Li A, Wong KCY, Huang D, Wong CK. Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6913. [PMID: 39000023 PMCID: PMC11241838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to harmful pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens from the environment can lead to pathological changes in the epithelial barrier, which increase the risk of developing an allergy. During allergic inflammation, epithelial cells send proinflammatory signals to group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and eosinophils, which require energy and resources to mediate their activation, cytokine/chemokine secretion, and mobilization of other cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolic regulation in allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR), highlighting its underlying mechanisms and phenotypes, and the potential metabolic regulatory roles of eosinophils and ILC2s. Eosinophils and ILC2s regulate allergic inflammation through lipid mediators, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived metabolites and Sphinosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are significant metabolic markers that indicate immune dysfunction and epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergy. Notably, eosinophils are promoters of allergic symptoms and exhibit greater metabolic plasticity compared to ILC2s, directly involved in promoting allergic symptoms. Our findings suggest that metabolomic analysis provides insights into the complex interactions between immune cells, epithelial cells, and environmental factors. Potential therapeutic targets have been highlighted to further understand the metabolic regulation of eosinophils and ILC2s in allergy. Future research in metabolomics can facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ling-Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea Yin-Tung Lai
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aixuan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katie Ching-Yau Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding Z, Xiao X, Fan L, Mao Z, Sun C, Li N, Zhang Q. Circ_0070934 promotes MGAT3 expression and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells by sponging miR-199a-5p. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38521909 PMCID: PMC10960995 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) has the potential to serve as a crucial regulator in the progression of bronchial asthma. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate the functional dynamics of the circ_0070934/miR-199a-5p/Mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (MGAT3) axis in the development of asthma. METHODS Circ_0070934, miR-199a-5p and MGAT3 in peripheral venous blood of 38 asthmatic patients and 43 healthy controls were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of MGAT3 protein was examined by ELISA. The GSE148000 dataset was analyzed for differences in MGAT3. The BEAS-2B cells were transfected with circ_0070934 plasmid and small interfering RNA, miR-199a-5p mimics and inhibitors. The apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry and MGAT3 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin was examined by Western blot. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 were used to co-stimulate BEAS-2B cells as an asthmatic airway epithelial cell model. BEAS-2B cells exposed to type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were treated with circ_0070934 plasmid, and the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin was detected by Western blot. The binding relationships were verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and miRNA pull-down assay. RESULTS The expression of circ_0070934 and MGAT3 in peripheral venous blood of asthmatic patients was down-regulated, and the expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated. And the expression of MGAT3 was reduced in sputum of asthma patients. Down-regulating the expression of circ_0070934 could promote apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and this effect can be partially reversed by down-regulating miR-199a-5p. Circ_0070934 could inhibit the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, miR-199a-5p could respectively bind to circ_0070934 and MGAT3. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that circ_0070934 may function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-199a-5p, thereby modulating the expression of MGAT3 and impacting the process of EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. These results contribute to the establishment of a theoretical framework for advancing the prevention and treatment strategies for asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xinru Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sandhu Y, Harada N, Harada S, Nishimaki T, Sasano H, Tanabe Y, Takeshige T, Matsuno K, Ishimori A, Katsura Y, Ito J, Akiba H, Takahashi K. MAP3K19 Affects TWEAK-Induced Response in Cultured Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Regulates Allergic Airway Inflammation in an Asthma Murine Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8907-8924. [PMID: 37998736 PMCID: PMC10670632 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and asthma; however, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 19 (MAP3K19) remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of MAP3K19 in in vitro EMT and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma murine models. The involvement of MAP3K19 in the EMT and the production of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed using a cultured bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, in which MAP3K19 was knocked down using small interfering RNA. We also evaluated the involvement of MAP3K19 in the OVA-induced asthma murine model using Map3k19-deficient (MAP3K19-/-) mice. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) induced the MAP3K19 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the BEAS-2B cells. The knockdown of MAP3K19 enhanced the reduction in E-cadherin mRNA and the production of regulated upon activation normal T cell express sequence (RANTES) via stimulation with TWEAK alone or with the combination of TGF-β1 and TWEAK. Furthermore, the expression of MAP3K19 mRNA was upregulated in both the lungs and tracheas of the mice in the OVA-induced asthma murine model. The MAP3K19-/- mice exhibited worsened eosinophilic inflammation and an increased production of RANTES in the airway epithelium compared with the wild-type mice. These findings indicate that MAP3K19 suppressed the TWEAK-stimulated airway epithelial response, including adhesion factor attenuation and RANTES production, and suppressed allergic airway inflammation in an asthma mouse model, suggesting that MAP3K19 regulates allergic airway inflammation in patients with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sandhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sonoko Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takayasu Nishimaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Hitoshi Sasano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuki Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomohito Takeshige
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kei Matsuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Ayako Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoko Katsura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Jun Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.H.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (Y.T.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (A.I.); (Y.K.); (J.I.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mottais A, Riberi L, Falco A, Soccal S, Gohy S, De Rose V. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12412. [PMID: 37569787 PMCID: PMC10418908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Mottais
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Falco
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Soccal
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hedgehog Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Airway Remodeling and Inflammation in Allergic Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193016. [PMID: 36230980 PMCID: PMC9562640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) are associated with lung function abnormalities in the general population. It has also been shown that sonic hedgehog (SHH), an important ligand for PTCH1, is upregulated in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma and is suggested to be involved in airway remodeling. The contribution of hedgehog signaling to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma is poorly described. To determine the biological role of hedgehog signaling-associated genes in asthma, gene silencing, over-expression, and pharmacologic inhibition studies were conducted after stimulating human airway epithelial cells or not with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), an important fibrotic mediator in asthmatic airway remodeling that also interacts with SHH pathway. TGFβ1 increased hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression including SHH, GLI1 and GLI2. Knockdown of PTCH1 or SMO with siRNA, or use of hedgehog signaling inhibitors, consistently attenuated COL1A1 expression induced by TGFβ1 stimulation. In contrast, Ptch1 over-expression augmented TGFβ1-induced an increase in COL1A1 and MMP2 gene expression. We also showed an increase in hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression in primary airway epithelial cells from controls and asthmatics at different stages of cellular differentiation. GANT61, an inhibitor of GLI1/2, attenuated TGFβ1-induced increase in COL1A1 protein expression in primary airway epithelial cells differentiated in air–liquid interface. Finally, to model airway tissue remodeling in vivo, C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) and Ptch1+/− mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Ptch1+/− mice showed reduced sub-epithelial collagen expression and serum inflammatory proteins compared to WT mice in response to HDM challenge. In conclusion, TGFβ1-induced airway remodeling is partially mediated through the hedgehog signaling pathway via the PTCH1-SMO-GLI axis. The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a promising new potential therapeutic target to alleviate airway tissue remodeling in patients with allergic airways disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh N, Diebold Y, Sahu SK, Leonardi A. Epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:1360-1372. [PMID: 34757631 PMCID: PMC9300009 DOI: 10.1111/all.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. Epithelial barrier dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and rhinitis. However, there is limited knowledge on epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy (OA). Since the ocular surface is directly exposed to the environment, it is important to understand the role of ocular epithelia and their dysfunction in OA. Impaired epithelial barrier enhances allergen uptake, which lead to activation of immune responses and development of chronic inflammation as seen in allergies. Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins that helps to maintain epithelial integrity has been reported in OA but sufficient data not available in chronic atopic (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the pathophysiology of which is not just complex, but also the current treatments are not completely effective. This review provides an overview of studies, which indicates the role of barrier dysfunction in OA, and highlights how ocular barrier dysfunction possibly contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The review also explores the potential of ocular epithelial barrier repair strategies as preventive and therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neera Singh
- ProCyto Labs Pvt. Ltd. KIIT‐TBI KIIT University Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Valladolid Spain
| | - Srikant K. Sahu
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, Cornea and Anterior Segment, MTC Campus Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit Department of Neuroscience University of Padova Padova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Yang Q, Dong B, Qi C, Yang T, Li M, He S, Liu B, Wu J. Gypenosides Attenuate Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/c-Myc Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:806312. [PMID: 35095515 PMCID: PMC8795913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.806312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides (Gyps), the major active constituents isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that Gyps displayed potent ameliorative effects on liver fibrosis and renal fibrosis. In this study, we found that Gyps significantly reduced the mortality of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice (40% mortality rate of mice in the model group versus 0% in the treatment group). Masson staining showed that Gyps could reduce the content of collagen in the lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis mice Masson staining and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of the collagen gene α-SMA and fibrosis gene Col1 markedly decreased after Gyps treatment. The active mitosis of fibroblasts is one of the key processes in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. RNA-seq showed that Gyps significantly inhibited mitosis and induced the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. The mTOR/c-Myc axis plays an important role in the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis. RNA-seq also demonstrated that Gyps inhibited the mTOR and c-Myc signaling in pulmonary fibrosis mice, which was further validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. AKT functions as an upstream molecule that regulates mTOR. Our western blot data showed that Gyps could suppress the activation of AKT. In conclusion, Gyps exerted anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/c-Myc pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of cytokine signaling inhibition on inflammation-driven tissue remodeling. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100023. [PMID: 34909658 PMCID: PMC8663982 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common condition that can affect all body tissues, driven by unresolved tissue inflammation and resulting in tissue dysfunction and organ failure that could ultimately lead to death. A myriad of factors are thought to contribute to fibrosis and, although it is relatively common, treatments focusing on reversing fibrosis are few and far between. The process of fibrosis involves a variety of cell types, including epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells, as well as immune cells, which have been shown to produce pro-fibrotic cytokines. Advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation-driven tissue fibrosis and scar formation have led to the development of targeted therapeutics aiming to prevent, delay, or even reverse tissue fibrosis. In this review, we describe promising targets and agents in development, with a specific focus on cytokines that have been well-described to play a role in fibrosis: IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β. An array of small molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, and biologics have been assessed in vivo, in vivo, and in the clinic, demonstrating the capacity to either directly interfere with pro-fibrotic pathways or to block intracellular enzymes that control fibrosis-related signaling pathways. Targeting pro-fibrotic cytokines, potentially via a multi-pronged approach, holds promise for the treatment of inflammation-driven fibrotic diseases in numerous organs. Despite the complexity of the interplay of cytokines in fibrotic tissues, the breadth of the currently ongoing research targeting cytokines suggests that these may hold the key to mitigating tissue fibrosis and reducing organ damage in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Barrier Impairment and Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Diseases: The Pediatric Perspective. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121165. [PMID: 34943362 PMCID: PMC8700706 DOI: 10.3390/children8121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and altered innate defence, underpins the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Epithelial barrier impairment may be a potential therapeutic target for new treatment strategies Up now, monoclonal antibodies and new molecules targeting specific pathways of the immune response have been developed, and others are under investigation, both for adult and paediatric populations, which are affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In children affected by severe asthma biologics targeting IgE, IL-5 and against IL-4 and IL-13 receptors are already available, and they have also been applied in CRSwNP. In severe AD Dupilumab, a biologic which inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13, the most important cytokines involved in inflammation response, has been approved for treatment of patients over 12 years. While a biological approach has already shown great efficacy on the treatment of severe atopic conditions, early intervention to restore epithelial barrier integrity, and function may prevent the inflammatory response and the development of the atopic march.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuksel H, Ocalan M, Yilmaz O. E-Cadherin: An Important Functional Molecule at Respiratory Barrier Between Defence and Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720227. [PMID: 34671272 PMCID: PMC8521047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While breathing, many microorganisms, harmful environmental particles, allergens, and environmental pollutants enter the human airways. The human respiratory tract is lined with epithelial cells that act as a functional barrier to these harmful factors and provide homeostasis between external and internal environment. Intercellular epithelial junctional proteins play a role in the formation of the barrier. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and one of the most important molecules involved in intercellular epithelial barier formation. E-cadherin is not only physical barrier element but also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and the immune response to environmental noxious agents through various transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to review the role of E-cadherin in the formation of airway epithelial barier, its status as a result of exposure to various environmental triggers, and respiratory diseases associated with its dysfunction. Moreover, the situations in which its abnormal activation can be noxious would be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Merve Ocalan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma JG, Wu GJ, Xiao HL, Xiao YM, Zha L. Vitamin D has an effect on airway inflammation and Th17/Treg balance in asthmatic mice. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:1113-1121. [PMID: 34460994 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is regarded as a chronic inflammation of the airway. Research has highlighted the significance of Vitamin D in asthma. This study explored the mechanism of vitamin D on asthma. The asthma mouse model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and treated with vitamin D (50 or 100 ng/ml). The morphological changes of the airway were observed by HE staining. The serum IgE contents and MDA, ROS, and SOD expressions in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA. The Th17 and Treg cells were detected using flow cytometry. The RORγt and Foxp 3 expressions were detected by Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β1 expressions were detected using ELISA. The NF-κB pathway was blocked using the NF-κB pathway inhibitor, Andrographolide sulfonate. The NF-κB pathway-related indexes were detected by western blotting. After blockade of the NF-κB pathway, the IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-G1 expressions were detected. OVA-sensitized asthma induced airway remodeling and elevated IgE content in mice, which was downregulated after vitamin D treatment. MDA and ROS were upregulated and SOD was downregulated in asthmatic mice, while vitamin D inverted the changes. Th17/Treg ratio was imbalanced, RORγt and IL-17 were upregulated, and Foxp 3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were downregulated after OVA sensitization, while vitamin D treatment inverted these changes and inhibited the NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation level. After blockade of the NF-κB pathway, IL-17 was downregulated and IL-10 and TGF-β1 were upregulated. In conclusion, vitamin D rectified the Th17/Treg balance and alleviated airway inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in asthmatic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Guo Ma
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Ji Wu
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Li Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Min Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zha
- Department of Pediatric, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang M, Sun Y, Li C, Qu J, Zhou B. Eosinophils Correlate with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 84:70-80. [PMID: 34229321 DOI: 10.1159/000516847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling always occur together in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in airway remodeling. OBJECTIVE Changes of epithelial cells in sinus mucosa in different subtypes of CRS, especially in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and the role of EMT and eosinophils (EOS) in airway remodeling are still unknown. METHODS We included 85 patients in this study. They were divided into 4 groups: a normal control (NC) group, a chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) group, an eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) group, and a noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (non-ECRSwNP) group. Clinical data were all collected and analyzed. Standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and 2-color immunofluorescence staining were performed. Biomarkers of EMT, epithelial cadherin, and vimentin were labeled. The immunohistochemistry results of each group were counted and statistically analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION E-cadherin was downregulated, and vimentin was upregulated in epithelial tissue from the ECRSwNP group, compared with that from the control group and the other groups. The number of vimentin-expressing epithelial cells correlated with sinus CT imaging Lund-Mackay scores (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Moreover, expression levels of vimentin in the epithelium were associated with numbers of infiltrating EOS in tissues (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and the peripheral blood EOS ratio (r = 0.594, p < 0.001). EMT occurred in patients with CRSwNP, especially in those with ECRSwNP. Epithelial reprogramming correlates with eosinophil infiltration and disease severity. Eosinophils contributed to impairment of epithelial function and promoted EMT in CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bayarri MA, Milara J, Estornut C, Cortijo J. Nitric Oxide System and Bronchial Epithelium: More Than a Barrier. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687381. [PMID: 34276407 PMCID: PMC8279772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium forms a physical barrier that protects the lung from the entrance of inhaled allergens, irritants, or microorganisms. This epithelial structure is maintained by tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent the diffusion of soluble mediators or proteins between apical and basolateral cell surfaces. This apical junctional complex also participates in several signaling pathways involved in gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, the airway epithelium can produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger the activation of the immune response. Disruption of this complex by some inflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogens agents can provoke epithelial barrier dysfunction that not only contributes to an increase of viral and bacterial infection, but also alters the normal function of epithelial cells provoking several lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or lung cancer, among others. While nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway has been linked with endothelial function, less is known about the role of the NO system on the bronchial epithelium and airway epithelial cells function in physiological and different pathologic scenarios. Several data indicate that the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is altered in lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and cancer among others, and that reactive oxygen species mediate uncoupling NO to promote the increase of peroxynitrite levels, thus inducing bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, iNOS and the intracellular pathway sGC-cGMP-PKG are dysregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from patients with lung inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancies which represents an attractive drug molecular target. In this review we describe in detail current knowledge of the effect of NOS-NO-GC-cGMP-PKG pathway activation and disruption in bronchial epithelial cells barrier integrity and its contribution in different lung diseases, focusing on bronchial epithelial cell permeability, inflammation, transformation, migration, apoptosis/necrosis, and proliferation, as well as the specific NO molecular pathways involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anderson ED, Alishahedani ME, Myles IA. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Atopy: A Mini-Review. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2020; 1. [PMID: 34308414 PMCID: PMC8301597 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2020.628381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) share a common pathogenesis of inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process where epithelial cells take on a migratory mesenchymal phenotype and is essential for normal tissue repair and signal through multiple inflammatory pathways. However, while links between EMT and both asthma and AR have been demonstrated, as we outline in this mini-review, the literature investigating AD and EMT is far less well-elucidated. Furthermore, current studies on EMT and atopy are mostly animal models or ex vivo studies on cell cultures or tissue biopsies. The literature covered in this mini-review on EMT-related barrier dysfunction as a contributor to AD as well as the related (perhaps resultant) atopic diseases indicates a potential for therapeutic targeting and carry treatment implications for topical steroid use and environmental exposure assessments. Further research, particularly in vivo studies, may greatly advance the field and translate into benefit for patients and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Anderson
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammadali E Alishahedani
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian A Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Asrat S, Kaur N, Liu X, Ben LH, Kajimura D, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Limnander A, Orengo JM. Chronic allergen exposure drives accumulation of long-lived IgE plasma cells in the bone marrow, giving rise to serological memory. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaav8402. [PMID: 31924685 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav8402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in allergic diseases. Nevertheless, the source of IgE serological memory remains controversial. We reexamined the mechanism of serological memory in allergy using a dual reporter system to track IgE+ plasma cells in mice. Short-term allergen exposure resulted in the generation of IgE+ plasma cells that resided mainly in secondary lymphoid organs and produced IgE that was unable to degranulate mast cells. In contrast, chronic allergen exposure led to the generation of long-lived IgE+ plasma cells that were primarily derived from sequential class switching of IgG1, accumulated in the bone marrow, and produced IgE capable of inducing anaphylaxis. IgE+ plasma cells were found in the bone marrow of human allergic, but not nonallergic donors, and allergen-specific IgE produced by these cells was able to induce mast cell degranulation when transferred to mice. These data demonstrate that long-lived IgE+ bone marrow plasma cells arise during chronic allergen exposure and establish serological memory in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Andre Limnander
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1063-1079. [PMID: 32369100 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Heijink IH, Kuchibhotla VNS, Roffel MP, Maes T, Knight DA, Sayers I, Nawijn MC. Epithelial cell dysfunction, a major driver of asthma development. Allergy 2020; 75:1902-1917. [PMID: 32460363 PMCID: PMC7496351 DOI: 10.1111/all.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is frequently observed in asthma and may have important implications. The physical barrier function of the airway epithelium is tightly interwoven with its immunomodulatory actions, while abnormal epithelial repair responses may contribute to remodelling of the airway wall. We propose that abnormalities in the airway epithelial barrier play a crucial role in the sensitization to allergens and pathogenesis of asthma. Many of the identified susceptibility genes for asthma are expressed in the airway epithelium, supporting the notion that events at the airway epithelial surface are critical for the development of the disease. However, the exact mechanisms by which the expression of epithelial susceptibility genes translates into a functionally altered response to environmental risk factors of asthma are still unknown. Interactions between genetic factors and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may be crucial for asthma susceptibility. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to identification of novel targets for asthma intervention by targeting the airway epithelium. Moreover, exciting new insights have come from recent studies using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) to study the airway epithelium in asthma. This review focuses on the role of airway epithelial barrier function in the susceptibility to develop asthma and novel insights in the modulation of epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Virinchi N. S. Kuchibhotla
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Mirjam P. Roffel
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
- UBC Providence Health Care Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Martijn C. Nawijn
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun Z, Ji N, Ma Q, Zhu R, Chen Z, Wang Z, Qian Y, Wu C, Hu F, Huang M, Zhang M. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Asthma Airway Remodeling Is Regulated by the IL-33/CD146 Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1598. [PMID: 32793232 PMCID: PMC7387705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential in asthma airway remodeling. IL-33 from epithelial cells is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. CD146 has been extensively explored in cancer-associated EMT. Whether IL-33 regulates CD146 in the EMT process associated with asthma airway remodeling is still largely unknown. We hypothesized that EMT in airway remodeling was regulated by the IL-33/CD146 axis. House dust mite (HDM) extract increased the expression of IL-33 and CD146 in epithelial cells. Increased expression of CD146 in HDM-treated epithelial cells could be blocked with an ST2-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, HDM-induced EMT was dependent on the CD146 and TGF-β/SMAD-3 signaling pathways. IL-33 deficiency decreased CD146 expression and alleviated asthma severity. Similarly, CD146 deficiency mitigated EMT and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, CD146 expression was significantly elevated in asthma patients. We concluded that IL-33 from HDM extract-treated alveolar epithelial cells stimulated CD146 expression, promoting EMT in airway remodeling in chronic allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hasan NAHM, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tham CL. The differential effects of commercial specialized media on cell growth and transforming growth factor beta 1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3511-3519. [PMID: 32279207 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms that contribute to bronchial remodelling which underlie chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and asthma. Bronchial EMT can be triggered by many factors including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The majority of studies on TGFβ1-mediated bronchial EMT used BEGM as the culture medium. LHC-9 medium is another alternative available which is more economical but a less common option. Using normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) cultured in BEGM as a reference, this study aims to validate the induction of EMT by TGFβ1 in cells cultured in LHC-9. Briefly, the cells were maintained in either LHC-9 or BEGM, and induced with TGFβ1 (5, 10 and 20 ng/ml) for 48 h. EMT induction was confirmed by morphological analysis and EMT markers expression by immunoblotting. In both media, cells induced with TGFβ1 displayed spindle-like morphology with a significantly higher radius ratio compared to non-induced cells which displayed a cobblestone morphology. Correspondingly, the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly lower, whereas the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression was significantly higher in induced cells, compared to non-induced cells. By contrast, a slower cell growth rate was observed in LHC-9 compared to that of BEGM. This study demonstrates that neither LHC-9 nor BEGM significantly influence TGFβ1-induced bronchial EMT. However, LHC-9 is less optimal for bronchial epithelial cell growth compared to BEGM. Thus, LHC-9 may be a more cost-effective substitute for BEGM, provided that time is not a factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amilia Hanie Mohamad Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang JX, Shen HJ, Guan Y, Jia YL, Shen J, Liu Q, Xie QM, Yan XF. ZDHXB-101 (3',5-Diallyl-2, 4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphen-yl]-3,5'-dicarbaldehyde) protects against airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness via inhibiting both the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathways. Respir Res 2020; 21:22. [PMID: 31931796 PMCID: PMC6958776 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling consists of the structural changes of airway walls, which is often considered the result of longstanding airway inflammation, but it may be present to an equivalent degree in the airways of children with asthma, raising the need for early and specific therapeutic interventions. The arachidonic acid cytochrome P-450 (CYP) pathway has thus far received relatively little attention in its relation to asthma. In this study, we studied the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) on airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a chronic asthmatic model which long-term exposure to antigen over a period of 12 weeks. The expression of sEH and CYP2J2, the level of 14, 15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were analyzed to determine the inhibition of sEH. The intragastric administration of 3 or 10 mg/kg ZDHXB-101, which is a structural derivative of natural product honokiol and a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, daily for 9 weeks significantly increased the level of 14, 15-EETs by inhibiting the expression of sEH and increasing the expression of CYP2J2 in lung tissues. ZDHXB-101 reduced the expression of remodeling-related markers such as interleukin (IL)-13, IL-17, MMP-9 N-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, S100A4, Twist, goblet cell metaplasia, and collagen deposition in the lung tissue or in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, ZDHXB-101 alleviated AHR, which is an indicator that is used to evaluate the airway remodeling function. The inhibitory effects of ZDHXB-101 were demonstrated to be related to its direct inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) phosphorylation, as well as inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signal transduction. These findings first revealed the anti-remodeling potential of ZDHXB-101 lead in chronic airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.,Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jia
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang-Min Xie
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, # 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scherzad A, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Current Understanding of Nasal Epithelial Cell Mis-Differentiation. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:309-317. [PMID: 31853193 PMCID: PMC6916682 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s180853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of the respiratory epithelium is to generate a physical barrier. In addition, the epithelium supports the innate and acquired immune system through various cytokines and chemokines. However, epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, some of which are mediated by increased permeability of the mucosal membrane or disturbed mucociliary transport. In addition, it has been shown that epithelial cells are involved in the development of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The following review article focuses on the aspects of epithelial mis-differentiation, in particular with respect to nasal mucosal barrier function, epithelial immunogenicity, nasal epithelial-mesenchymal transition and nasal microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aun MV, Almeida FMD, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Martins MDA, Kalil J, Arantes-Costa FM, Giavina-Bianchi P. Diphteria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine reduces specific IgE, inflammation and remodelling in an animal model of mite-induced respiratory allergy. Vaccine 2019; 38:70-78. [PMID: 31630941 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvants, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, have been studied to improve the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The Bordetella pertussis (Pw) vaccine has been shown to have a protective role in ovalbumin-induced asthma models. However, its role in allergy to mites is unknown. We evaluated the effects of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTPw) vaccine on a murine model of respiratory allergy induced by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp). METHODS In a 30-day protocol, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with saline or Derp, alone or in combination with diphtheria-tetanus (DT) or DTPw vaccines (days 0, 7 and 14). Subsequently, they underwent a daily intranasal challenge with saline or Derp (days 22-28) and were then sacrificed (day 29). We evaluated serum-specific immunoglobulins, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity, remodelling of the lower airways, density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and acidic nasal mucus content. RESULTS The animals sensitized with Derp produced high levels of specific immunoglobulins, increased density of PMNs and nasal mucus content, and elevated BAL cellularity and remodelling. Vaccines led to a reduction in IgE levels, with the Derp-DTPw group being similar to the saline groups. The vaccinated groups had reductions of BAL cellularity and remodelling, with more expressive results in the Derp-DTPw group compared to the Derp-DT group. The DT and DTPw vaccines inhibited the nasal PMN infiltrate, and DTPw modulated the production of acidic nasal mucus. CONCLUSIONS The DTPw vaccine reduced serum specific IgE, nasal and pulmonary inflammation and remodelling of the lower airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vivolo Aun
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mílton de Arruda Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zou Y, Song W, Zhou L, Mao Y, Hong W. House dust mite induces Sonic hedgehog signaling that mediates epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4674-4682. [PMID: 31702025 PMCID: PMC6797970 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides a valuable source of fibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix in airway walls. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating tissue turnover and homeostasis. SHH is strikingly upregulated in the bronchial epithelia during asthma. Snail1 is a major target of SHH signaling, which regulates EMT and fibroblast motility. The present study was designed to ascertain whether the combination of house dust mite (HDM) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) could induce EMT via the SHH signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). HBEC cultures were treated with HDM/TGF‑β1 for different periods of time. The involvement of SHH signaling and EMT biomarkers was evaluated by quantitative real‑time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Small‑interfering RNA (siRNA) for glioma‑associated antigen‑1 (Gli1) or cyclopamine was used to inhibit SHH signaling in HBECs. HBECs stimulated by HDM/TGF‑β1 exhibited morphological features of EMT. E‑cadherin (an epithelial marker) was decreased after a 72‑h exposure to HDM/TGF‑β1 compared to that in the control cells, and the expression of type I collagen and FSP1 (mesenchymal markers) was increased. HDM/TGF‑β1 activated the SHH signaling pathway in HBECs, which led to Gli1 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activation of Snail1 expression. Moreover, gene silencing or the pharmacological inhibition of Gli1 ameliorated EMT. In summary, these findings suggest that HDM/TGF‑β1 may induce EMT in HBECs via an SHH signaling mechanism. Inhibition of SHH signaling may be a novel therapeutic method for preventing airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- Biological Laboratory Center, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Allinne J, Scott G, Lim WK, Birchard D, Erjefält JS, Sandén C, Ben LH, Agrawal A, Kaur N, Kim JH, Kamat V, Fury W, Huang T, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-33 blockade affects mediators of persistence and exacerbation in a model of chronic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1624-1637.e10. [PMID: 31562870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe inflammatory airway diseases are associated with inflammation that does not resolve, leading to structural changes and an overall environment primed for exacerbations. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and inhibit pathways that perpetuate this heightened inflammatory state because this could lead to therapies that allow for a more quiescent lung that is less predisposed to symptoms and exacerbations. METHODS Using prolonged exposure to house dust mite in mice, we developed a mouse model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory phenotype. RESULTS We show that lung IL-33 drives inflammation and remodeling beyond the type 2 response classically associated with IL-33 signaling. IL-33 blockade with an IL-33 neutralizing antibody normalized established inflammation and improved remodeling of both the lung epithelium and lung parenchyma. Specifically, IL-33 blockade normalized persisting and exacerbating inflammatory end points, including eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and ST2+CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Importantly, we identified a key role for IL-33 in driving lung remodeling because anti-IL-33 also re-established the presence of ciliated cells over mucus-producing cells and decreased myofibroblast numbers, even in the context of continuous allergen exposure, resulting in improved lung function. CONCLUSION Overall, this study shows that increased IL-33 levels drive a self-perpetuating amplification loop that maintains the lung in a state of lasting inflammation and remodeled tissue primed for exacerbations. Thus IL-33 blockade might ameliorate symptoms and prevent exacerbations by quelling persistent inflammation and airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Medetect AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin CC, Chen WJ, Liaw SF, Lin MW, Lin SC. Effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in brown Norway rats after repeated allergen challenge. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:42-53. [PMID: 31064232 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1610116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Materials and methods: Two experimental groups of brown Norway rats that were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were given oral aminophylline (OA-aminophylline group) or saline only (OA-saline group). A third group was challenged by saline as a control. The rats were anesthetized and pulmonary function were performed. Immuno-histochemical staining of epithelial markers (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin) in the airway were performed. The protein expressions of ZO-1, E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK were examined by western blot. Results: Aminophylline had beneficial effects on airway inflammation, and airway remodeling in the OA-aminophylline group compared to the OA-saline group. The OA-saline group had decreased ZO-1 but increased vimentin according to immuno-histochemical staining. The protein expression indicated decreases in ZO-1 and E-cadherin but increases in vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK in comparison to the other two groups. The OA-aminophylline group had higher ZO-1 but lower vimentin in immuno-histochemical staining compared to the OA-saline group. The protein expression showed higher ZO-1 and E-cadherin but lower vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK when compared to the OA-saline group. Conclusions: Ovalbumin increases airway remodeling and airway EMT. Aminophylline is effective in preventing airway remodeling and airway EMT in Brown Norway rats after repeated allergen challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ji Chen
- b Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Lukang Christian Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fang Liaw
- c Department of Medical Research , Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Wei Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chi Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuwabara Y, Kobayashi T, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Yasuma T, Nishihama K, Takeshita A, Fujimoto H, Nagao M, Fujisawa T, Gabazza EC. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Eosinophil-Mediated Airway Remodeling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2163. [PMID: 30294331 PMCID: PMC6158585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is responsible for the progressive decline of lung function in bronchial asthma. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition are involved in tissue remodeling. Here we evaluated whether eosinophils play a role in fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition and in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. We co-cultured human eosinophils with human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells, assessed the expression of remodeling-associated molecules by immunoassays and polymerase-chain reaction, and eosinophils-mediated migration of human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells using a Boyden chamber. To clarify the participation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in airway remodeling we administered bone marrow-derived eosinophils by intra-tracheal route to transgenic mice overexpressing the human matrix metalloproteinase-2. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin significantly increased in human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells co-cultured with human eosinophils compared to controls. There was enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. An inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases blocked eosinophils-associated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and increased migration of fibroblasts. The human matrix metalloproteinase-2 transgenic mice receiving adoptive transfer of mouse eosinophils exhibited increased inflammation and advanced airway remodeling compared to wild type mice. This study demonstrated that eosinophils induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2, accelerated migration of fibroblasts, and promote matrix metalloproteinase-2-related airway remodeling. These findings provide a novel mechanistic pathway for eosinophil-associated airway remodeling in bronchial asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kuwabara
- Allergy Center, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Allergy Center, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Post S, Heijink IH, Hesse L, Koo HK, Shaheen F, Fouadi M, Kuchibhotla VNS, Lambrecht BN, Van Oosterhout AJM, Hackett TL, Nawijn MC. Characterization of a lung epithelium specific E-cadherin knock-out model: Implications for obstructive lung pathology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13275. [PMID: 30185803 PMCID: PMC6125431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium regulates responses to aeroallergens, acting as a physical and immunological barrier. In asthma, epithelial barrier function and the expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin is compromised, but it is unknown whether this is cause or consequence of the disease. We hypothesized that airway epithelial loss of E-cadherin is a critical step in the development of manifestations of asthma. We generated a transgenic mouse model with conditional loss of E-cadherin in lung epithelial cells at birth and onwards. We observed normal lung development at the time of birth in mice lacking E-cadherin in the lung epithelium. However, E-cadherin deficiency led to progressive epithelial damage in mice growing into adulthood, as evidenced by airway epithelial denudation, decreased zonula occludens (ZO)-1 expression, loss of ciliated cells, and enlarged alveolar spaces. In addition, spontaneous goblet cell metaplasia with mucus production was observed. These epithelial changes were accompanied by elevated levels of the epithelial-derived chemokine CCL17, infiltration of eosinophils and dendritic cells, and mucus production. In conclusion, loss of E-cadherin induces features in the lung reminiscent of those observed in asthma, indicating that the disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts may play a key role in the development of asthma manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Post
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - I H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - L Hesse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H K Koo
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Shaheen
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Fouadi
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - V N S Kuchibhotla
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J M Van Oosterhout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T L Hackett
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pu Q, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Huang T, Lin P, Zhou C, Qin S, Singh BB, Wu M. TRPC1 intensifies house dust mite-induced airway remodeling by facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and STAT3/NF-κB signaling. FASEB J 2018; 33:1074-1085. [PMID: 30067380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodeling with progressive epithelial alterations in the respiratory tract is a severe consequence of asthma. Although dysfunctional signaling transduction is attributed to airway inflammation, the exact mechanism of airway remodeling remains largely unknown. TRPC1, a member of the transient receptor potential canonical Ca2+ channel family, possesses versatile functions but its role in airway remodeling remains undefined. Here, we show that ablation of TRPC1 in mice alleviates airway remodeling following house dust mite (HDM) challenge with decreases in mucus production, cytokine secretion, and collagen deposition. HDM challenge induces Ca2+ influx via the TRPC1 channel, resulting in increased levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, STAT3 expression was significantly decreased in TRPC1-/- mouse lungs compared with wild-type controls after HDM challenge. Mechanistically, STAT3 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increases mucin 5AC expression. Collectively, these findings identify TRPC1 as a modulator of HDM-induced airway remodeling via STAT3-mediated increase in mucus production, which provide new insight in our understanding of the molecular basis of airway remodeling, and identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention of severe chronic asthma.-Pu, Q., Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., Huang, T., Lin, P., Zhou, C., Qin, S., Singh, B. B., Wu, M. TRPC1 intensifies house dust mite-induced airway remodeling by facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and STAT3/NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Velden JL, Wagner DE, Lahue KG, Abdalla ST, Lam YW, Weiss DJ, Janssen-Heininger YMW. TGF-β1-induced deposition of provisional extracellular matrix by tracheal basal cells promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase-1-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L984-L997. [PMID: 29469614 PMCID: PMC6032072 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00053.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells have been suggested as potential drivers of lung fibrosis, although the epithelial-dependent pathways that promote fibrogenesis remain unknown. Extracellular matrix is increasingly recognized as an environment that can drive cellular responses in various pulmonary diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated mouse tracheal basal (MTB) cells produce provisional matrix proteins in vitro, which initiate mesenchymal changes in subsequently freshly plated MTB cells via Rho kinase- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1)-dependent processes. Repopulation of decellularized lung scaffolds, derived from mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis or from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with wild-type MTB cells resulted in a loss of epithelial gene expression and augmentation of mesenchymal gene expression compared with cells seeded into decellularized normal lungs. In contrast, Jnk1-/- basal cells seeded into fibrotic lung scaffolds retained a robust epithelial expression profile, failed to induce mesenchymal genes, and differentiated into club cell secretory protein-expressing cells. This new paradigm wherein TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix derived from MTB cells activates a JNK1-dependent mesenchymal program, which impedes subsequent normal epithelial cell homeostasis, provides a plausible scenario of chronic aberrant epithelial repair, thought to be critical in lung fibrogenesis. This study identifies JNK1 as a possible target for inhibition in settings wherein reepithelialization is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jos L van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering, and Regeneration, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sarah T Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Vermont Genetics Networks Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Piyadasa H, Hemshekhar M, Altieri A, Basu S, van der Does AM, Halayko AJ, Hiemstra PS, Mookherjee N. Immunomodulatory innate defence regulator (IDR) peptide alleviates airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Thorax 2018; 73:908-917. [PMID: 29853649 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbation in asthma is associated with decreased expression of specific host defence peptides (HDPs) in the lungs. We examined the effects of a synthetic derivative of HDP, innate defence regulator (IDR) peptide IDR-1002, in house dust mite (HDM)-challenged murine model of asthma, in interleukin (IL)-33-challenged mice and in human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs). METHODS IDR-1002 (6 mg/kg per mouse) was administered (subcutaneously) in HDM-challenged and/or IL-33-challenged BALB/c mice. Lung function analysis was performed with increasing dose of methacholine by flexiVent small animal ventilator, cell differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage performed by modified Wright-Giemsa staining, and cytokines monitored by MesoScale Discovery assay and ELISA. PBECs stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), with or without IDR-1002, were analysed by western blots. RESULTS IDR-1002 blunted HDM challenge-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and lung leucocyte accumulation including that of eosinophils and neutrophils, in HDM-challenged mice. Concomitantly, IDR-1002 suppressed HDM-induced IL-33 in the lungs. IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced IL-33 production was abrogated by IDR-1002 in PBECs. Administration of IL-33 in HDM-challenged mice, or challenge with IL-33 alone, mitigated the ability of IDR-1002 to control leucocyte accumulation in the lungs, suggesting that the suppression of IL-33 is essential for the anti-inflammatory activity of IDR-1002. In contrast, the peptide significantly reduced either HDM, IL-33 or HDM+IL-33 co-challenge-induced AHR in vivo. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an immunomodulatory IDR peptide controls the pathophysiology of asthma in a murine model. As IL-33 is implicated in steroid-refractory severe asthma, our findings on the effects of IDR-1002 may contribute to the development of novel therapies for steroid-refractory severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anthony Altieri
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Canadian Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Canadian Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ha SG, Dileepan M, Ge XN, Kang BN, Greenberg YG, Rao A, Muralidhar G, Medina-Kauwe L, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, O'Grady SM, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Knob protein enhances epithelial barrier integrity and attenuates airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29522849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered epithelial physical and functional barrier properties along with TH1/TH2 immune dysregulation are features of allergic asthma. Regulation of junction proteins to improve barrier function of airway epithelial cells has the potential for alleviation of allergic airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the immunomodulatory effect of knob protein of the adenoviral capsid on allergic asthma and to investigate its mechanism of action on airway epithelial junction proteins and barrier function. METHODS Airway inflammation, including junction protein expression, was evaluated in allergen-challenged mice with and without treatment with knob. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to knob, and its effects on expression of junction proteins and barrier integrity were determined. RESULTS Administration of knob to allergen-challenged mice suppressed airway inflammation (eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and IL-5 levels) and prevented allergen-induced loss of airway epithelial occludin and E-cadherin expression. Additionally, knob decreased expression of TH2-promoting inflammatory mediators, specifically IL-33, by murine lung epithelial cells. At a cellular level, treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with knob activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, increased expression of occludin and E-cadherin, and enhanced epithelial barrier integrity. CONCLUSION Increased expression of junction proteins mediated by knob leading to enhanced epithelial barrier function might mitigate the allergen-induced airway inflammatory response, including asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gil Ha
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Bit Na Kang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Yana G Greenberg
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Amrita Rao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | | | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang C, Niu Y, Yu L, Lv W, Xu H, Abuduwufuer A, Cao J, Hu J. The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the post-lung transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans. J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 12:119. [PMID: 29262833 PMCID: PMC5738918 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-017-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients who receive lung transplantation (LT) operations develop varying degrees of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after the surgeries. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to be related to the process of bronchiolitis obliterans. In this study we simulated the pathological process of post-lung transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans, and explored the correlation between BO and EMT of small airway epithelial cells. Methods We transplanted the left lungs of F344 rats to Lewis rats by the Tri-cuff anastomosis and established the allogeneic rat left lung orthotopic transplantation model. Cyclosporine and lipopolysaccharide were administrated appropriately after the surgery. The histological structure and the expression levels of the EMT markers was observed with the methods of HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry. The analysis of enumeration data was performed using Fisher’s Exact test and Spearman’s rank correlation was used for the correlation analysis. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroplasia of bronchiole walls and significant lumen stenosis were found in the pulmonary mesenchyme of the transplanted lungs. The positive expression rate of E-cadherin in the transplanted lungs was 38.50% (5/13), significantly lower than that in the normal lung tissues [87.50% (7/8)] (P < 0.05), while the positive expression rate of Vimentin was 76.92% (10/13) which is significantly higher than that in the normal lung tissues [25.00% (2/8)] (P < 0.05). And a negative correlation existed between the expression levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin (r = −0.750, P < 0.01). Conclusions In the disease model we established in this study, we found pathological changes that met BO characteristics happened in the transplanted lungs. Meanwhile, the small airway epithelial cells of transplanted lungs underwent an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which indicated a role of EMT in the BO airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuequn Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haichao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Abudumailamu Abuduwufuer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinlin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits inflammation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway via upregulation of PTEN in asthma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:818-828. [PMID: 29207033 PMCID: PMC5752157 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease associated with hyper-responsiveness, obstruction and remodeling of the airways. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in these alterations and may account for the accumulation of subepithelial mesenchymal cells, thus contributing to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. Epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a type of polyphenol, is the most potent ingredient in green tea, and exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer and chemopreventive activities. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the protective effects of EGCG against asthma and other lung diseases. In the present study, the role of EGCG in ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthmatic mice was determined. In addition, the inhibitory effects of EGCG against transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and migration of 16HBE cells, and the underlying mechanisms of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, were investigated by immunofluorescence, Transwell, wound healing assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that EGCG may suppress inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs of OVA-challenged asthmatic mice, and may also inhibit EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through upregulating the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in vivo and in vitro. The present study also revealed the anti-migratory effects of EGCG in TGF-β1-induced 16HBE cells, thus suggesting it may reduce airway remodeling. The present study provides a novel insight into understanding the protective effects of EGCG on airway remodeling in asthma, and indicates that EGCG may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma.
Collapse
|
36
|
Fang L, Wu J, Huang T, Zhang P, Xin X, Shi Y. TGF-β1 stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by ADAM33. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:985-992. [PMID: 29399106 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 33 (ADAM33) expression in airway epithelial cells in order to investigate the association between ADAM33 expression and TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and to further explore the mechanisms underlying the role of ADAM33 in airway remodeling in asthma. The human bronchial epithelial cell line HBE was transfected with small interfering RNA targeting ADAM33 (siADAM33) and treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 (10, 20 or 30 ng/ml), while untransfected cells were used as controls. At 72 h after treatment, cellular morphology and immunohistochemical staining were observed under a microscope. The protein and mRNA expression levels of ADAM33 and the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blot analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In addition, a correlation analysis of ADAM33 expression and E-cadherin/vimentin expression was performed. A wound healing migration assay and a cell invasion assay were also performed. The results of the cellular morphology, migration and invasion studies suggested that TGF-β1 treatment induced typical EMT changes in HBE cells. In addition, treatment with various concentrations of TGF-β1 significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of ADAM33 and vimentin compared with those in untreated cells. TGF-β1 treatment also decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, transfection with siADAM33 promoted the protein expression of E-cadherin and decreased the protein expression of vimentin. Furthermore, ADAM33 and E-cadherin expression levels exhibited a significant negative correlation, whereas ADAM33 and vimentin were positively correlated. In conclusion, the results suggested that TGF-β1 enhances ADAM33 expression in airway epithelial cells, and that ADAM33 induces the EMT of airway epithelial cells, thus participating in airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Cadre Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xin
- Cadre Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheng Q, Shang Y. ORMDL3 may participate in the pathogenesis of bronchial epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in asthmatic mice with airway remodeling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:995-1005. [PMID: 29115563 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children that is caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Orosomucoid‑like 3 (ORMDL3) is a candidate gene that has been strongly associated with asthma; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. ORMDL3 regulates the expression of metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor‑β, and ORMDL3 transgenic mice exhibit increased airway remodeling. Therefore, ORMDL3 may be associated with airway remodeling. The present study attempted to examine the associations between ORMDL3 and the severity of airway remodeling in asthmatic mice, and also to determine whether ORMDL3 induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the bronchial epithelium. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control and asthma groups. Lung tissues were collected on days 3, 7 and 14 of the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. Airway remodeling in asthmatic mice was then observed by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. Morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. The EMT‑associated indicators E‑cadherin (E‑cad), fibroblast‑specific protein 1 (FSP1) and Vimentin (VIM) were assessed by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) at different time points of airway remodeling in asthmatic mice to detect the trend in EMT. Then, the localization of ORMDL3 was observed by immunohistochemistry, and its protein and mRNA expression was examined by western blotting and RT‑qPCR, respectively. Furthermore, the bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o‑was transfected with an ORMDL3‑expressing plasmid, and the differences in E‑cad, FSP‑1 and VIM expression were detected by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT‑qPCR; the cell invasive ability was assessed by microscopy. The results revealed that ORMDL3 expression in the bronchial epithelium was associated with airway remodeling and EMT progression in vivo. Transfection of ORMDL3 into 16HBE 14o‑cells in vitro induced EMT. Taken together, these findings suggest that ORMDL3 may regulate EMT in the bronchial epithelium, thereby affecting airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sethi GS, Dharwal V, Naura AS. Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase-1 in Lung Inflammatory Disorders: A Review. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1172. [PMID: 28974953 PMCID: PMC5610677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lung inflammatory disorders with a common outcome, that is, difficulty in breathing. Corticosteroids, a class of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, have shown less success in the treatment/management of these disorders, particularly ALI and COPD; thus, alternative therapies are needed. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are the post-translational modifying enzymes with a primary role in DNA repair. During the last two decades, several studies have reported the critical role played by PARPs in a good of inflammatory disorders. In the current review, the studies that address the role of PARPs in asthma, ALI, and COPD have been discussed. Among the different members of the family, PARP-1 emerges as a key player in the orchestration of lung inflammation in asthma and ALI. In addition, PARP activation seems to be associated with the progression of COPD. Furthermore, PARP-14 seems to play a crucial role in asthma. STAT-6 and GATA-3 are reported to be central players in PARP-1-mediated eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Interestingly, oxidative stress-PARP-1-NF-κB axis appears to be tightly linked with inflammatory response in all three-lung diseases despite their distinct pathophysiologies. The present review sheds light on PARP-1-regulated factors, which may be common or differential players in asthma/ALI/COPD and put forward our prospective for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuksel H, Turkeli A. Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis and prognosis of respiratory tract diseases in childhood and adulthood. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1367458. [PMID: 28886270 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1367458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are in direct contact with the environment through the tubular structure that constitutes the airway. Starting from the nasal orifice, the airway is exposed to foreign particles including infectious agents, allergens, and other substances that can damage the airways. Therefore, the airway must have a functional epithelial barrier both in the upper and lower airways to protect against these threats. As with the skin, it is likely that the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is a consequence of epithelial barrier defects in these airways. The characteristics of this system, starting from the beginning of life and extending into maturing and aging, determine the prognosis of respiratory diseases. In this article, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and prognosis of respiratory diseases from newborns to adulthood in the context of epithelial barrier function and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turkeli
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schleimer RP, Berdnikovs S. Etiology of epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with type 2 inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1752-1761. [PMID: 28583447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airway serve common critical functions, such as maintaining a physical barrier against environmental insults and allergens and providing a tissue interface balancing the communication between the internal and external environments. We now understand that in patients with allergic disease, regardless of tissue location, the homeostatic balance of the epithelial barrier is skewed toward loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and impaired innate defense. Importantly, epithelial dysfunction characterized by these traits appears to pre-date atopy and development of allergic disease. Despite our growing appreciation of the centrality of barrier dysfunction in initiation of allergic disease, many important questions remain to be answered regarding mechanisms disrupting normal barrier function. Although our external environment (proteases, allergens, and injury) is classically thought of as a principal contributor to barrier disruption associated with allergic sensitization, there is a need to better understand contributions of the internal environment (hormones, diet, and circadian clock). Systemic drivers of disease, such as alterations of the endocrine system, metabolism, and aberrant control of developmental signaling, are emerging as new players in driving epithelial dysfunction and allergic predisposition at various barrier sites. Identifying such central mediators of epithelial dysfunction using both systems biology tools and causality-driven laboratory experimentation will be essential in building new strategic interventions to prevent or reverse the process of barrier loss in allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Minor DM, Proud D. Role of human rhinovirus in triggering human airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 28558698 PMCID: PMC5450126 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural changes in the airways, collectively referred to as airway remodeling, are a characteristic feature of asthma, and are now known to begin in early life. Human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced wheezing illnesses during early life are a potential inciting stimulus for remodeling. Increased deposition of matrix proteins causes thickening of the lamina reticularis, which is a well-recognized component of airway remodeling. Increased matrix protein deposition is believed to be due to the presence of increased numbers of activated mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts/myofibroblasts) in the subepithelial region of asthmatic airways. The origin of these increased mesenchymal cells is not clear, but one potential contributor is the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We hypothesized that HRV infection may help to induce EMT. Methods We used the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells line, which uniformly expresses the major group HRV receptor, to examine the effects of stimulation with HRV alone, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), alone, and the combination, on induction of changes consistent with EMT. Western blotting was used to examine expression of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic marker proteins and selected signaling molecules. Cell morphology was also examined. Results In this study, we show that two different strains of HRV, which use two different cellular receptors, are each capable of triggering phenotypic changes consistent with EMT. Moreover, both HRV serotypes synergistically induced changes consistent with EMT when used in the presence of TGF-β1. Morphological changes were also most pronounced with the combination of HRV and TGF-β1. Viral replication was not essential for phenotypic changes. The synergistic interactions between HRV and TGF-β1 were mediated, at least in part, via activation of mitogen activated protein kinase pathways, and via induction of the transcription factor SLUG. Conclusions These data support a role for HRV in the induction of EMT, which may contribute to matrix protein deposition and thickening of the lamina reticularis in airways of patients with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Minor
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, HRIC 4C50-54, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David Proud
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, HRIC 4AC60, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a troublesome, chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 10% of the adult population, causing decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and lost time at work and leading to more than a million surgical interventions annually worldwide. The nose, paranasal sinuses, and associated lymphoid tissues play important roles in homeostasis and immunity, and CRS significantly impairs these normal functions. Pathogenic mechanisms of CRS have recently become the focus of intense investigations worldwide, and significant progress has been made. The two main forms of CRS that have been long recognized, with and without nasal polyps, are each now known to be heterogeneous, based on underlying mechanism, geographical location, and race. Loss of the immune barrier, including increased permeability of mucosal epithelium and reduced production of important antimicrobial substances and responses, is a common feature of many forms of CRS. One form of CRS with polyps found worldwide is driven by the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 coming from Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and probably mast cells. Type 2 cytokines activate inflammatory cells that are implicated in the pathogenic mechanism, including mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. New classes of biological drugs that block the production or action of these cytokines are making important inroads toward new treatment paradigms in polypoid CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gohy ST, Hupin C, Pilette C, Ladjemi MZ. Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:529-42. [PMID: 27021118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium plays a critical role for the maintenance of airway integrity and defense against inhaled particles. Physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance clears inhaled pathogens, allergens or toxics, to prevent continuous stimulation of adaptive immune responses. The "chemical barrier", consisting of several anti-microbial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, constitutes another protective mechanism of the mucosae against external aggressions before adaptive immune response starts. The reconstruction of damaged respiratory epithelium is crucial to restore this barrier. This review examines the role of the airway epithelium through recent advances in health and chronic inflammatory diseases in the lower conducting airways (in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Better understanding of normal and altered epithelial functions continuously provides new insights into the physiopathology of chronic airway diseases and should help to identify new epithelial-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Gohy
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Hupin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Z Ladjemi
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Watanabe O, Tsuji T, Kikuchi R, Itoh M, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Little evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a murine model of airway fibrosis induced by repeated naphthalene exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:517-520. [PMID: 27498952 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the pathogenesis of airway obstructive diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. However, whether EMT occurs in an experimental model of airway fibrosis is not well known. We explored evidence of EMT in a murine model of airway fibrosis induced by repeated exposure to naphthalene. Mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of naphthalene or corn oil vehicle once weekly for 14 consecutive weeks. The animals were sacrificed 5days after the final injection of naphthalene or corn oil vehicle. EMT was evaluated in lung tissue sections using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Repeated naphthalene exposure induced loss of club cells, hyperplasia of epithelial cells and peribronchial fibrosis. However, we did not find any loss of E-cadherin expression or any acquisition of vimentin, S100A4 or αSMA in epithelial cells in control or naphthalene-exposed mice. These results suggest that EMT does not contribute significantly to naphthalene-induced airway fibrosis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics Tokyo Women's Medical University, 2-15-1 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fischer KD, Hall SC, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D Supplementation Reduces Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Allergen Sensitized and Challenged Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149180. [PMID: 26872336 PMCID: PMC4752470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the lung associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway obstruction and airway remodeling. Airway remodeling involves differentiation of airway epithelial cells into myofibroblasts via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to intensify the degree of subepithelial fibrosis. EMT involves loss in E-cadherin with an increase in mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin. There is growing evidence that vitamin D has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. In this study, we examined the contribution of vitamin D on the AHR, airway inflammation and expression of EMT markers in the airways of mice sensitized and challenged with a combination of clinically relevant allergens, house dust mite, ragweed, and Alternaria (HRA). Female Balb/c mice were fed with vitamin D-sufficient (2000 IU/kg) or vitamin D-supplemented (10,000 IU/kg) diet followed by sensitization with HRA. The density of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histology, and expression of EMT markers by immunofluorescence were examined. Vitamin D-supplementation decreased AHR, airway inflammation in the BALF and the features of airway remodeling compared to vitamin D-sufficiency in HRA-sensitized and -challenged mice. This was accompanied with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased vimentin and N-cadherin expression in the airways. These results indicate that vitamin D may be a beneficial adjunct in the treatment regime in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Fischer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Sannette C. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reuter S, Beckert H, Taube C. Take the Wnt out of the inflammatory sails: modulatory effects of Wnt in airway diseases. J Transl Med 2016; 96:177-85. [PMID: 26595171 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic diseases that are associated with inflammation and structural changes in the airways and lungs. Recent findings have implicated Wnt pathways in critically regulating inflammatory responses, especially in asthma. Furthermore, canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways are involved in structural changes such as airway remodeling, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation. In COPD, Wnt pathways are not only associated with structural changes in the airways but also involved in the development of emphysema. The present review summarizes the role and function of the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathway with regard to airway inflammation and structural changes in asthma and COPD. Further identification of the role and function of different Wnt molecules and pathways could help to develop novel therapeutic options for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- III Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pirzad Jahromi G, Ghanei M, Hosseini SK, Shamsaei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Koochaki A, Karkuki Osguei N, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Characterization of Lung Fibroblasts More than Two Decades after Mustard Gas Exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145148. [PMID: 26679937 PMCID: PMC4683060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In patients with short-term exposure to the sulfur mustard gas, the delayed cellular effects on lungs have not been well understood yet. The lung pathology shows a dominant feature consistent with obliterative bronchiolitis, in which fibroblasts play a central role. This study aims to characterize alterations to lung fibroblasts, at the cellular level, in patients with delayed respiratory complications after short-term exposure to the sulfur mustard gas. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from the transbronchial biopsies of patients with documented history of exposure to single high-dose sulfur mustard during 1985–7 and compared with the fibroblasts of control subjects. Results Compared with controls, patients’ fibroblasts were thinner and shorter, and showed a higher population doubling level, migration capacity and number of filopodia. Sulfur mustard decreased the in vitro viability of fibroblasts and increased their sensitivity to induction of apoptosis, but did not change the rate of spontaneous apoptosis. In addition, higher expression of alpha smooth muscle actin showed that the lung's microenvironment in these patients is permissive for myofibroblastic differentiation. Conclusions These findings suggest that in patients under the study, the delayed pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard should be considered as a unique pathology, which might need a specific management by manipulation of cellular components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injury Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Hosseini
- Tissue Bank & Preparation Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamsaei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu X, Qi H, Yang Y, Yin Y, Ma D, Li H, Qu Y. Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‑19 induced by respiratory syncytial viral infection affects the interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:167-73. [PMID: 26548962 PMCID: PMC4686067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the expression and function of matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19), which is downregulated following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The diverse expression levels of MMP were examined using a designed cDNA expression array. The expression and secretion of MMP-19 was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and ELISA, respectively. The proliferation of epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts were examined using flow cytometry. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also examined by performing western blot and RT-qPCR analyses. The results of the cDNA assay showed that infection with RSV resulted in the abnormal expression of certain metalloproteinases. Among these, the expression of MMP-19 decreased 3 and 7 days following infection. By using flow cytometric, western blot and RT-qPCR analyses, the present study demonstrated that the downregulation of MMP-19 inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells, promoted the EMT and induced the proliferation of lung fibroblasts. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggested that the downregulation of MMP-19 following RSV infection may be associated with the development of airway hyper-responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Qi
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Yucheng, Yucheng, Shandong 251200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dedong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xie L, Zhou D, Xiong J, You J, Zeng Y, Peng L. Paraquat induce pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal transition through transforming growth factor-β1-dependent mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:69-76. [PMID: 26603905 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is prevalent in Paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) contributed to the pulmonary fibrosis in some pulmonary disease. In this study, we investigated whether PQ could induce EMT in AT2 through transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signal pathway in vitro. Morphological and phenotypic characterizations were evaluated on AT2 cell lines A549 cells in the presence of PQ with or without TGF-β1 inhibitors SB431542 for 5 days. As a result, PQ induced the transition of A549 cells from epithelial morphology to fibroblast-like morphology, associated with the acquisition of migratory properties. Phenotypically, PQ induced-EMT was characterized by loss of epithelial cell markers including E-cadherin and zonula occludens (ZO-1), while up-expressions of mesenchymal cell markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, concurrent with increased type I collagen (Col I). SB431542 suppressed PQ-induced EMT via inhibiting expressions of phospho-Smad2 and phospho-Smad3. These findings conclusively demonstrated that the cultured A549 cells underwent EMT in the presence of PQ, and suggested that TGF-β1 played a central role in PQ-induced EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linshen Xie
- Department of Occupational Disease, No.4 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingzi Zhou
- Department of Occupational Disease, No.4 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Center for Occupational Respirology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia You
- Center for Occupational Respirology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Peng
- Department of Occupational Disease, No.4 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moheimani F, Roth HM, Cross J, Reid AT, Shaheen F, Warner SM, Hirota JA, Kicic A, Hallstrand TS, Kahn M, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Hackett TL, Knight DA. Disruption of β-catenin/CBP signaling inhibits human airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition and repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:59-69. [PMID: 26315281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of asthmatics is characterized by reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of the basal cell markers ck-5 and p63 that is indicative of a relatively undifferentiated repairing epithelium. This phenotype correlates with increased proliferation, compromised wound healing and an enhanced capacity to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transcription factor β-catenin plays a vital role in epithelial cell differentiation and regeneration, depending on the co-factor recruited. Transcriptional programs driven by the β-catenin/CBP axis are critical for maintaining an undifferentiated and proliferative state, whereas the β-catenin/p300 axis is associated with cell differentiation. We hypothesized that disrupting the β-catenin/CBP signaling axis would promote epithelial differentiation and inhibit EMT. We treated monolayer cultures of human airway epithelial cells with TGFβ1 in the presence or absence of the selective small molecule ICG-001 to inhibit β-catenin/CBP signaling. We used western blots to assess expression of an EMT signature, CBP, p300, β-catenin, fibronectin and ITGβ1 and scratch wound assays to assess epithelial cell migration. Snai-1 and -2 expressions were determined using q-PCR. Exposure to TGFβ1 induced EMT, characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression with increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and EDA-fibronectin. Either co-treatment or therapeutic administration of ICG-001 completely inhibited TGFβ1-induced EMT. ICG-001 also reduced the expression of ck-5 and -19 independent of TGFβ1. Exposure to ICG-001 significantly inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and migration, coincident with a down regulation of ITGβ1 and fibronectin expression. These data support our hypothesis that modulating the β-catenin/CBP signaling axis plays a key role in epithelial plasticity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hollis M Roth
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Cross
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Warner
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|