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Potential of Nuclear Imaging Techniques to Study the Oral Delivery of Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122809. [PMID: 36559303 PMCID: PMC9780892 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are small biomolecules known to stimulate or inhibit important functions in the human body. The clinical use of peptides by oral delivery, however, is very limited due to their sensitive structure and physiological barriers present in the gastrointestinal tract. These barriers can be overcome with chemical and mechanical approaches protease inhibitors, permeation enhancers, and polymeric encapsulation. Studying the success of these approaches pre-clinically with imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging (IVIS) and optical microscopy is difficult due to the lack of in-depth penetration. In comparison, nuclear imaging provides a better platform to observe the gastrointestinal transit and quantitative distribution of radiolabeled peptides. This review provides a brief background on the oral delivery of peptides and states examples from the literature on how nuclear imaging can help to observe and analyze the gastrointestinal transit of oral peptides. The review connects the fields of peptide delivery and nuclear medicine in an interdisciplinary way to potentially overcome the challenges faced during the study of oral peptide formulations.
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Ander SE, Li FS, Carpentier KS, Morrison TE. Innate immune surveillance of the circulation: A review on the removal of circulating virions from the bloodstream. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010474. [PMID: 35511797 PMCID: PMC9070959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses utilize the lymphohematogenous route for dissemination; however, they may not freely use this highway unchecked. The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is an innate defense system that surveys circulating blood, recognizing and capturing viral particles. Examination of the literature shows that the bulk of viral clearance is mediated by the liver; however, the precise mechanism(s) mediating viral vascular clearance vary between viruses and, in many cases, remains poorly defined. Herein, we summarize what is known regarding the recognition and capture of virions from the circulation prior to the generation of a specific antibody response. We also discuss the consequences of viral capture on viral pathogenesis and the fate of the captor cell. Finally, this understudied topic has implications beyond viral pathogenesis, including effects on arbovirus ecology and the application of virus-vectored gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Ander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Frances S. Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kathryn S. Carpentier
- Department of Natural Sciences, Greensboro College, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Protocol for chronic hepatitis B virus infection mouse model development by patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264266. [PMID: 35196351 PMCID: PMC8865695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization, more than 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus, and almost 800.000 patients die annually of mediated liver disorders. Therefore, adequate biological test systems are needed that could fully simulate the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, including in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods In this study, we will assess the effectiveness of existing protocols for isolation and cultivation of primary cells derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of the yield of viable cells and their ability to replicate the hepatitis B virus using isolation and cultivation methods for adhesive primary cells, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Another part of our study will be devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma grafting methods to obtain patient-derived heterotopic and orthotopic xenograft mouse avatars using animal X-ray irradiation and surgery procedures and in vivo fluorescent signals visualization and measurements. Our study will be completed by histological methods. Discussion This will be the first extensive comparative study of the main modern methods and protocols for isolation and cultivation primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor engraftment to the mice. All protocols will be optimized and characterized using the: (1) efficiency of the method for isolation cells from removed hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of their quantity and viability; (2) efficiency of the primary cell cultivation protocol in terms of the rate of monolayer formation and hepatitis B virus replication; (3) efficiency of the grafting method in terms of the growth rate and the possibility of hepatitis B virus persistence and replication in mice. The most effective methods will be recommended for use in translational biomedical research.
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18827-18831. [PMID: 34672551 PMCID: PMC8547506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 636921
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5
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021. [PMID: 34672551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1021c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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Sier VQ, de Vries MR, van der Vorst JR, Vahrmeijer AL, van Kooten C, Cruz LJ, de Geus-Oei LF, Ferreira V, Sier CFM, Alves F, Muthana M. Cell-Based Tracers as Trojan Horses for Image-Guided Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E755. [PMID: 33451116 PMCID: PMC7828607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgeons rely almost completely on their own vision and palpation to recognize affected tissues during surgery. Consequently, they are often unable to distinguish between different cells and tissue types. This makes accurate and complete resection cumbersome. Targeted image-guided surgery (IGS) provides a solution by enabling real-time tissue recognition. Most current targeting agents (tracers) consist of antibodies or peptides equipped with a radiolabel for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) labels, or a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye. These tracers are preoperatively administered to patients, home in on targeted cells or tissues, and are visualized in the operating room via dedicated imaging systems. Instead of using these 'passive' tracers, there are other, more 'active' approaches of probe delivery conceivable by using living cells (macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells), cell(-derived) fragments (platelets, extracellular vesicles (exosomes)), and microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) or, alternatively, 'humanized' nanoparticles. Compared with current tracers, these active contrast agents might be more efficient for the specific targeting of tumors or other pathological tissues (e.g., atherosclerotic plaques). This review provides an overview of the arsenal of possibilities applicable for the concept of cell-based tracers for IGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Q. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Joost R. van der Vorst
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Cornelis van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Translational Nanomaterials and Imaging Group, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Ferreira
- Department of Research and Development, UniQure, 1100 DA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (M.R.d.V.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros B.V. Leiden, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Alves
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medicine Center Göttingen and Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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8
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Dissecting complicated viral spreading of enterovirus 71 using in situ bioorthogonal fluorescent labeling. Biomaterials 2018; 181:199-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes replication-competent viruses to kill cancer cells, leaving non-malignant cells unharmed. With the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved OV, dozens of clinical trials ongoing, and an abundance of translational research in the field, OV therapy is poised to be one of the leading treatments for cancer. A number of recombinant OVs expressing a transgene for p53 (TP53) or another p53 family member (TP63 or TP73) were engineered with the goal of generating more potent OVs that function synergistically with host immunity and/or other therapies to reduce or eliminate tumor burden. Such transgenes have proven effective at improving OV therapies, and basic research has shown mechanisms of p53-mediated enhancement of OV therapy, provided optimized p53 transgenes, explored drug-OV combinational treatments, and challenged canonical roles for p53 in virus-host interactions and tumor suppression. This review summarizes studies combining p53 gene therapy with replication-competent OV therapy, reviews preclinical and clinical studies with replication-deficient gene therapy vectors expressing p53 transgene, examines how wild-type p53 and p53 modifications affect OV replication and anti-tumor effects of OV therapy, and explores future directions for rational design of OV therapy combined with p53 gene therapy.
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Burmistrova DA, Tillib SV, Shcheblyakov DV, Dolzhikova IV, Shcherbinin DN, Zubkova OV, Ivanova TI, Tukhvatulin AI, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Genetic Passive Immunization with Adenoviral Vector Expressing Chimeric Nanobody-Fc Molecules as Therapy for Genital Infection Caused by Mycoplasma hominis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150958. [PMID: 26962869 PMCID: PMC4786110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing pathogen-specific recombinant antibody fragments (especially nanobodies) is a very promising strategy for the treatment of infectious disease. Nanobodies have great potential for gene therapy application due to their single-gene nature. Historically, Mycoplasma hominis has not been considered pathogenic bacteria due to the lack of acute infection and partially due to multiple studies demonstrating high frequency of isolation of M. hominis samples from asymptomatic patients. However, recent studies on the role of latent M. hominis infection in oncologic transformation, especially prostate cancer, and reports that M. hominis infects Trichomonas and confers antibiotic resistance to Trichomonas, have generated new interest in this field. In the present study we have generated specific nanobody against M. hominis (aMh), for which the identified target is the ABC-transporter substrate-binding protein. aMh exhibits specific antibacterial action against M. hominis. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic properties, we have developed the adenoviral vector-based gene therapy approach for passive immunization with nanobodies against M. hominis. For better penetration into the mucous layer of the genital tract, we fused aMh with the Fc-fragment of IgG. Application of this comprehensive approach with a single systemic administration of recombinant adenovirus expressing aMh-Fc demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of genital M. hominis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Burmistrova
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (D. Shcheblyakov); (DB)
| | - Sergey V. Tillib
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (D. Shcheblyakov); (DB)
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Shcherbinin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditsky
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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Yue PJ, He L, Shen QY, Qiu SW, Rong XM, Gong HX, Peng Y. Long-term toxicity study of rAd5-hTERTC27 in SD rats and Cynomolgus monkeys by intravenous injection. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:285-94. [PMID: 25592546 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
rAd5-hTERTC27, a replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying hTERTC27, has been proposed for possible use against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the long-term toxicity of rAd5-hTERTC27 in SD rats and Cynomolgus monkeys. rAd5-hTERTC27 was administered intravenously once a week for 13 weeks followed by a one-month recovery period. As of 4 months, all animals displayed overall good health. Anti-adenoviral antibodies emerged in a dose-independent manner. The levels of complement components, C3 and C4, in the rAd5-hTERTC27 middle-dose and high-dose groups and C4 in the rAd5-EGFP group increased significantly after the 2nd treatment in monkeys. Slight-mild pathological changes of the liver occurred only in the rAd5-hTERTC27 high-dose group (2/16) in rats and not in any other group in either rats or monkeys. With the increase of the dose, the incidence of lymphocyte depletion in the spleen of rats and reactive hyperplasia of the splenic corpuscle in monkeys increased. However, the changes in the liver and spleen were reversible. Given the above data, intravenous administration of rAd5-hTERTC27 (up to 4×10(10)VP/kg in rats and 0.9×10(10)VP/kg in monkeys) appears to be well-tolerated, providing support for its potentially safe use in clinical trials for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-jian Yue
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qing-yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shu-wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiao-ming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Han-xian Gong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Pan H, Zhang P, Gao D, Zhang Y, Li P, Liu L, Wang C, Wang H, Ma Y, Cai L. Noninvasive visualization of respiratory viral infection using bioorthogonal conjugated near-infrared-emitting quantum dots. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5468-77. [PMID: 24797178 DOI: 10.1021/nn501028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses are emerging pandemic threats in human beings. Monitoring the in vivo dynamics of avian influenza viruses is extremely important for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing antiviral drugs. Although a number of technologies have been applied for tracking viral infection in vivo, most of them are laborious with unsatisfactory detection sensitivity. Herein we labeled avian influenza H5N1 pseudotype virus (H5N1p) with near-infrared (NIR)-emitting QDs by bioorthogonal chemistry. The conjugation of QDs onto H5N1p was highly efficient with superior stability both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, QD-labeled H5N1p (QD-H5N1p) demonstrated bright and sustained fluorescent signals in mouse lung tissues, allowing us to visualize respiratory viral infection in a noninvasive and real-time manner. The fluorescence signals of QD-H5N1p in lung were correlated with the severity of virus infection and significantly attenuated by antiviral agents, such as oseltamivir carboxylate and mouse antiserum against H5N1p. The biodistribution of QD-H5N1p in lungs and other organs could be easily quantified by measuring fluorescent signals and cadmium concentration of virus-conjugated QDs in tissues. Hence, virus labeling with NIR QDs provides a simple, reliable, and quantitative strategy for tracking respiratory viral infection and for antiviral drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Di Paolo NC, Baldwin LK, Irons EE, Papayannopoulou T, Tomlinson S, Shayakhmetov DM. IL-1α and complement cooperate in triggering local neutrophilic inflammation in response to adenovirus and eliminating virus-containing cells. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004035. [PMID: 24651866 PMCID: PMC3961377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly coordinated host response to infection, injury, or cell stress. In most instances, the inflammatory response is pro-survival and is aimed at restoring physiological tissue homeostasis and eliminating invading pathogens, although exuberant inflammation can lead to tissue damage and death. Intravascular injection of adenovirus (Ad) results in virus accumulation in resident tissue macrophages that trigger activation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 chemokines via the IL-1α-IL-1RI signaling pathway. However, the mechanistic role and functional significance of this pathway in orchestrating cellular inflammatory responses to the virus in vivo remain unclear. Resident metallophilic macrophages expressing macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO+) in the splenic marginal zone (MZ) play the principal role in trapping Ad from the blood. Here we show that intravascular Ad administration leads to the rapid recruitment of Ly-6G+7/4+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the splenic MZ, the anatomical compartment that remains free of PMNs when these cells are purged from the bone marrow via a non-inflammatory stimulus. Furthermore, PMN recruitment in the splenic MZ resulted in elimination of virus-containing cells. IL-1α-IL-1RI signaling is only partially responsible for PMN recruitment in the MZ and requires CXCR2, but not CXCR1 signaling. We further found reduced recruitment of PMNs in the splenic MZ in complement C3-deficient mice, and that pre-treatment of IL-1α-deficient, but not wild-type mice, with complement inhibitor CR2-Crry (inhibits all complement pathways at C3 activation) or CR2-fH (inhibits only the alternative complement activation pathway) prior to Ad infection, abrogates PMN recruitment to the MZ and prevents elimination of MARCO+ macrophages from the spleen. Collectively, our study reveals a non-redundant role of the molecular factors of innate immunity – the chemokine-activating IL-1α-IL-1RI-CXCR2 axis and complement – in orchestrating local inflammation and functional cooperation of PMNs and resident macrophages in the splenic MZ, which collectively contribute to limiting disseminated pathogen spread via elimination of virus-containing cells. Adenovirus (Ad) induces a potent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines upon interaction with tissue macrophages in vivo. However, critical factors affecting cellular inflammatory responses to Ad and their functional significance remain unclear. Here we show that in the model of disseminated infection, intravenous Ad administration leads to a rapid release of pro-inflammatory Ly-6G+7/4+ leukocytes (PMNs) from the bone marrow into the blood. PMNs enter into peripheral tissues and, in the case of spleen, are accumulated in proximity to the virus-containing MARCO+ macrophages within the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Mechanistic dissection of molecular queues that guide PMN migration reveals that CXCL1 and CXCL2 chemokines are only partially responsible for CXCR2-dependent PMN recruitment into the splenic MZ. We further found that complement cooperates with IL-1α-IL-1RI-CXCR2 signaling pathways in recruitment of PMNs to the splenic MZ, which results in elimination of virus-containing MARCO+ macrophages from the spleen. Administration of complement-blocking CR2-Crry or CR2-fH proteins into IL-1α-deficient, but not wild-type, mice prevents PMN accumulation in the splenic MZ and elimination of virus-containing macrophages from the spleen. Our study defines the functional significance of molecular and cellular host defense mechanisms that cooperate in eliminating virus-containing cells in the model of acute disseminated Ad infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C. Di Paolo
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Baldwin
- Division of Medical Genetics Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Irons
- Division of Medical Genetics Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zhang HX, Chen JB, Guo XF, Wang H, Zhang HS. Highly sensitive low-background fluorescent probes for imaging of nitric oxide in cells and tissues. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3115-23. [PMID: 24564742 DOI: 10.1021/ac4041718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule fluorescent probes in combination with fluorescent microscopy can be a powerful tool to provide real-time detection and high spatiotemporal resolution of transient molecules in cells and bodies. For the design of fluorescent probes for transient molecule imaging, high detection sensitivity is crucial. In this report, two new fluorescent probes, 8-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-di(1,2-dihydro)naphtho[b,g]-s-indacene (DANPBO-H) and 8-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-1,7-dimethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-di(1,2-dihydro)naphtho[b,g]-s-indacene (DANPBO-M), have been developed for nitric oxide (NO) imaging. The detection sensitivity has been efficiently improved by use of these probes through increasing NO detection signals and decreasing background fluorescence. Fluorescence in the far-red region is enhanced by 400- and 550-fold after reaction with NO is achieved and remains stable for at least 24 h under the irradiation of xenon lamp. Excitation and emission wavelengths longer than 600 nm and excellent intracellular retention of these probes and their NO products create dark background inside and outside cells and tissues. What is more, the excellent intracellular retention of these compounds is obtained by their strong lipophilicity, which is a novel design concept diametrically opposite to the traditional approaches. The high sensitivity and dark background make DANPBO-H and DANPBO-M competitive for NO imaging in cells and tissues. The lipophilicity-based intracellular retention mechanism as a design strategy has great potential in the development of fluorescent probes for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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Koski A, Karli E, Kipar A, Escutenaire S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Mutation of the fiber shaft heparan sulphate binding site of a 5/3 chimeric adenovirus reduces liver tropism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60032. [PMID: 23585829 PMCID: PMC3621953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural tropism to the liver is a major obstacle in systemic delivery of adenoviruses in cancer gene therapy. Adenovirus binding to soluble coagulation factors and to cellular heparan sulphate proteoglycans via the fiber shaft KKTK domain are suggested to cause liver tropism. Serotype 5 adenovirus constructs with mutated KKTK regions exhibit liver detargeting, but they also transduce tumors less efficiently, possibly due to altered fiber conformation. We constructed Ad5/3lucS*, a 5/3 chimeric adenovirus with a mutated KKTK region. The fiber knob swap was hypothesized to facilitate tumor transduction. This construct was studied with or without additional coagulation factor ablation. Ad5/3lucS* exhibited significantly reduced transduction of human hepatic cells in vitro and mouse livers in vivo. Combination of coagulation factor ablation by warfarinization to Ad5/3lucS* seemed to further enhance liver detargeting. Cancer cell transduction by Ad5/3lucS* was retained in vitro. In vivo, viral particle accumulation in M4A4-LM3 xenograft tumors was comparable to controls, but Ad5/3lucS* transgene expression was nearly abolished. Coagulation factor ablation did not affect tumor transduction. These studies set the stage for further investigations into the effects of the KKTK mutation and coagulation factor ablation in the context of 5/3 serotype chimerism. Of note, the putative disconnect between tumor transduction and transgene expression could prove useful in further understanding of adenovirus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Koski
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eerika Karli
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science and Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Escutenaire
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Okuda T, Kobayashi Y, Yanamoto S, Okamoto H. PEG conjugation of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for noninvasive dual imaging of lung deposition and gene expression by pulmonary gene delivery. J Drug Target 2012; 20:801-12. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.722639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Xiao PJ, Li C, Neumann A, Samulski RJ. Quantitative 3D tracing of gene-delivery viral vectors in human cells and animal tissues. Mol Ther 2011; 20:317-28. [PMID: 22108857 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trafficking through a variety of cellular structures and organelles is essential for the interaction between gene-delivery vectors (i.e., adeno-associated virus (AAV) and liposomes) and host cells/tissues. Here, we present a method of computer-assisted quantitative 3D biodistribution microscopy that samples the whole population of fluorescently-labeled vectors and document their trafficking routes. Using AAV as a working model, we first experimentally defined numerical parameters for the singularity of Cy5-labeled particles by combining confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We then developed a robust approach that integrates single-particle fluorescence imaging with 3D deconvolution and isosurface rendering to quantitate viral distribution and trafficking in human cells as well as animal tissues at the single-particle level. Using this quantitative method, we uncovered an as yet uncharacterized rate-limiting step during viral cell entry, while delineating nuclear accumulation of virions during the first 8 hours postinfection. Further, our studies revealed for the first time that following intramuscular injection, AAV spread progressively across muscle tissues through endomysium between myofibers instead of traversing through target cells. Such 3D resolution and quantitative dissection of vector-host interactions at the subcellular level should significantly improve our ability to resolve trafficking mechanisms of gene-delivery particles and facilitate the development of enhanced viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Jie Xiao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7352, USA
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18
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Khare R, Chen CY, Weaver EA, Barry MA. Advances and future challenges in adenoviral vector pharmacology and targeting. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:241-58. [PMID: 21453281 PMCID: PMC3267160 DOI: 10.2174/156652311796150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus is a robust vector for therapeutic applications, but its use is limited by our understanding of its complex in vivo pharmacology. In this review we describe the necessity of identifying its natural, widespread, and multifaceted interactions with the host since this information will be crucial for efficiently redirecting virus into target cells. In the rational design of vectors, the notion of overcoming a sequence of viral "sinks" must be combined with re-targeting to target populations with capsid as well as shielding the vectors from pre-existing or toxic immune responses. It must also be noted that most known adenoviral pharmacology is deduced from the most commonly used serotypes, Ad5 and Ad2. However, these serotypes may not represent all adenoviruses, and may not even represent the most useful vectors for all purposes. Chimeras between Ad serotypes may become useful in engineering vectors that can selectively evade substantial viral traps, such as Kupffer cells, while retaining the robust qualities of Ad5. Similarly, vectorizing other Ad serotypes may become useful in avoiding immunity against Ad5 altogether. Taken together, this research on basic adenovirus biology will be necessary in developing vectors that interact more strategically with the host for the most optimal therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Khare
- Virology and Gene Therapy Program, Mayo Graduate School
| | - Christopher Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
| | - Eric A Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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