1
|
Song J, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zhan J, Cheng X, Huang H, Mao S, Zong Z. The dawn of a new Era: mRNA vaccines in colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112037. [PMID: 38599100 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a typical cancer that accounts for 10% of all new cancer cases annually and nearly 10% of all cancer deaths. Despite significant progress in current classical interventions for CRC, these traditional strategies could be invasive and with numerous adverse effects. The poor prognosis of CRC patients highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Novel strategies regarding mRNA vaccines for anti-tumor therapy have also been well-developed since the successful application for the prevention of COVID-19. mRNA vaccine technology won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, signaling a new direction in human anti-cancer treatment: mRNA medicine. As a promising new immunotherapy in CRC and other multiple cancer treatments, the mRNA vaccine has higher specificity, better efficacy, and fewer side effects than traditional strategies. The present review outlines the basics of mRNA vaccines and their advantages over other vaccines and informs an available strategy for developing efficient mRNA vaccines for CRC precise treatment. In the future, more exploration of mRNA vaccines for CRC shall be attached, fostering innovation to address existing limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhao Zhan
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tiniakou I, Hsu PF, Lopez-Zepeda LS, Garipler G, Esteva E, Adams NM, Jang G, Soni C, Lau CM, Liu F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Rodrick TC, Jones D, Tsirigos A, Ohler U, Bedford MT, Nimer SD, Kaartinen V, Mazzoni EO, Reizis B. Genome-wide screening identifies Trim33 as an essential regulator of dendritic cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi1023. [PMID: 38608038 PMCID: PMC11182672 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of dendritic cells (DCs), including antigen-presenting conventional DCs (cDCs) and cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), is controlled by the growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and its receptor Flt3. We genetically dissected Flt3L-driven DC differentiation using CRISPR-Cas9-based screening. Genome-wide screening identified multiple regulators of DC differentiation including subunits of TSC and GATOR1 complexes, which restricted progenitor growth but enabled DC differentiation by inhibiting mTOR signaling. An orthogonal screen identified the transcriptional repressor Trim33 (TIF-1γ) as a regulator of DC differentiation. Conditional targeting in vivo revealed an essential role of Trim33 in the development of all DCs, but not of monocytes or granulocytes. In particular, deletion of Trim33 caused rapid loss of DC progenitors, pDCs, and the cross-presenting cDC1 subset. Trim33-deficient Flt3+ progenitors up-regulated pro-inflammatory and macrophage-specific genes but failed to induce the DC differentiation program. Collectively, these data elucidate mechanisms that control Flt3L-driven differentiation of the entire DC lineage and identify Trim33 as its essential regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tiniakou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Feng Hsu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorena S. Lopez-Zepeda
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Görkem Garipler
- Department of Biology, New York University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M. Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tori C. Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodríguez-Silvestre P, Laub M, Krawczyk PA, Davies AK, Schessner JP, Parveen R, Tuck BJ, McEwan WA, Borner GH, Kozik P. Perforin-2 is a pore-forming effector of endocytic escape in cross-presenting dendritic cells. Science 2023; 380:1258-1265. [PMID: 37347855 PMCID: PMC7614779 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
During initiation of antiviral and antitumor T cell-mediated immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) cross-present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Cross-presentation relies on the unusual "leakiness" of endocytic compartments in DCs, whereby internalized proteins escape into the cytosol for proteasome-mediated generation of MHC I-binding peptides. Given that type 1 conventional DCs excel at cross-presentation, we searched for cell type-specific effectors of endocytic escape. We devised an assay suitable for genetic screening and identified a pore-forming protein, perforin-2 (Mpeg1), as a dedicated effector exclusive to cross-presenting cells. Perforin-2 was recruited to antigen-containing compartments, where it underwent maturation, releasing its pore-forming domain. Mpeg1-/- mice failed to efficiently prime CD8+ T cells to cell-associated antigens, revealing an important role for perforin-2 in cytosolic entry of antigens during cross-presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Laub
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alexandra K. Davies
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
- Current: School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia P. Schessner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin J. Tuck
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Cambridge, UK
| | - William A. McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Cambridge, UK
| | - Georg H.H. Borner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bourque J, Hawiger D. Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050716. [PMID: 37237529 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals derived from foreign organisms. More recent studies, conducted mainly in mice, revealed an intricate network of intrinsic signals dependent on cytokines and various immunomodulatory pathways facilitating communication between individual DCs and other cells for the orchestration of specific maturation outcomes. These signals selectively amplify the initial activation of DCs mediated by innate factors and dynamically shape DC functionalities by ablating DCs with specific functions. Here, we discuss the effects of the initial activation of DCs that crucially includes the production of cytokine intermediaries to collectively achieve amplification of the maturation process and further precise sculpting of the functional landscapes among DCs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms, we reveal activation, amplification, and ablation as the mechanistically integrated components of the DC maturation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan H, Lin G, Liu Z, Gu F, Zhang Y. Nano-adjuvants and immune agonists promote antitumor immunity of peptide amphiphiles. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:213-225. [PMID: 36858163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory cues play an important role in priming antitumor immunity and promoting the efficacy of subunit cancer vaccines. However, the clinical use of many immunostimulatory agents is often hampered by their inefficient in vivo delivery which may decrease immune response to the vaccination. To promote vaccine efficacy, we develop vaccine formulations which integrate three key elements: (1) a nano-adjuvant formulated by conjugating an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (αCD40) to the surface of a polyIC-loaded lipid nanoparticle, (2) a peptide amphiphile containing an optimized CD8+ T-cell epitope that derived from a melanoma antigen gp100, (3) an agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (α4-1BB) that boosts the efficacy of vaccinations. In a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma, the vaccine formulations enhanced innate immunity and activated multiple innate immune signaling pathways within draining lymph nodes, as well as promoted antigen-specific immune responses and reduced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, leading to profound tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival. Thus, our vaccine formulations represent an attractive strategy to stimulate antitumor immunity and control tumor progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical use of many immunostimulatory agents is often hampered by their inefficient in vivo delivery which may decrease immune response to the vaccination. To promote the antitumor immunity of subunit vaccines, we develop novel vaccine formulations that integrate multifunctional modalities including (1) a nano-adjuvant containing anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (αCD40) and TLR3 agonist which activate innate immunity through diverse signaling pathways, (2) a peptide amphiphile containing an optimized CD8+ T-cell epitope from tumor antigen, (3) an anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (α4-1BB) that boosts the efficacy of vaccinations. In this study, our vaccine formulations stimulate superior antitumor immunity and control tumor progression. The above nano-engineered platform and immunogenic biomacromolecules can be further applied to other T-cell-inducing vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guibin Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhanyan Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fei Gu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bourque J, Hawiger D. Life and death of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:110-118. [PMID: 36599743 PMCID: PMC9892261 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) that are constantly exposed to microbial signals at anatomical barriers, cDCs in systemic lymphoid organs are sheltered from proinflammatory stimulation in the steady state but respond to inflammatory signals by gaining specific immune functions in a process referred to as maturation. Recent findings show that, during maturation, a population of systemic tolerogenic cDCs undergoes an acute tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated cell death, resulting in the loss of tolerance-inducing capacity. This tolerogenic cDC population is restored upon return to the homeostatic baseline. We propose that such a dynamic reshaping of cDC populations becomes the foundation of a novel framework for maintaining tolerance at the steady state while being conducive to unhampered initiation of immune responses under proinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adamska JZ, Verma R, Gupta S, Hagan T, Wimmers F, Floyd K, Li Q, Valore EV, Wang Y, Trisal M, Vilches-Moure JG, Subramaniam S, Walkley CR, Suthar MS, Li JB, Pulendran B. Ablation of Adar1 in myeloid cells imprints a global antiviral state in the lung and heightens early immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112038. [PMID: 36732946 PMCID: PMC9842623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal homeostatic conditions, self-double-stranded RNA (self-dsRNA) is modified by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) to prevent the induction of a type I interferon-mediated inflammatory cascade. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as dsRNA, to activate the immune response. The impact of ADAR1 on the function of APCs and the consequences to immunity are poorly understood. Here, we show that ADAR1 deletion in CD11c+ APCs leads to (1) a skewed myeloid cell compartment enriched in inflammatory cDC2-like cells, (2) enhanced numbers of activated tissue resident memory T cells in the lung, and (3) the imprinting of a broad antiviral transcriptional signature across both immune and non-immune cells. The resulting changes can be partially reversed by blocking IFNAR1 signaling and promote early resistance against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Our study provides insight into the consequences of self-dsRNA sensing in APCs on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Z Adamska
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Hagan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erika V Valore
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Meera Trisal
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papadas A, Deb G, Cicala A, Officer A, Hope C, Pagenkopf A, Flietner E, Morrow ZT, Emmerich P, Wiesner J, Arauz G, Bansal V, Esbona K, Capitini CM, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA, Politi K, Abrams SI, Harismendy O, Asimakopoulos F. Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111201. [PMID: 35977482 PMCID: PMC9402878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) engage in productive interactions with CD8+ effectors along tumor-stroma boundaries. The paradoxical accumulation of “poised” cDC1s within stromal sheets is unlikely to simply reflect passive exclusion from tumor cores. Drawing parallels with embryonic morphogenesis, we hypothesized that invasive margin stromal remodeling generates developmentally conserved cell fate cues that regulate cDC1 behavior. We find that, in human T cell-inflamed tumors, CD8+ T cells penetrate tumor nests, whereas cDC1s are confined within adjacent stroma that recurrently displays site-specific proteolysis of the matrix proteoglycan versican (VCAN), an essential organ-sculpting modification in development. VCAN is necessary, and its proteolytic fragment (matrikine) versikine is sufficient for cDC1 accumulation. Versikine does not influence tumor-seeding pre-DC differentiation; rather, it orchestrates a distinctive cDC1 activation program conferring exquisite sensitivity to DNA sensing, supported by atypical innate lymphoid cells. Thus, peritumoral stroma mimicking embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1 abundance and activity to elicit T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments. T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments are a prerequisite for immunotherapy efficacy; however, why some tumors are inflamed and others not remains poorly understood. Papadas et al. link stromal reaction dynamics with T cell-induced inflammation. Peritumoral stroma emulating embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1-NK-CD8+ crosstalk to promote T cell repriming and penetration into tumor nests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gauri Deb
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Cicala
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Officer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Evan Flietner
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philip Emmerich
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Wiesner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Garrett Arauz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iberg CA, Bourque J, Fallahee I, Son S, Hawiger D. TNF-α sculpts a maturation process in vivo by pruning tolerogenic dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110657. [PMID: 35417681 PMCID: PMC9113652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how the pro-immunogenic maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) abrogates their tolerogenic functions. Here, we report that the loss of tolerogenic functions depends on the rapid death of BTLAhi cDC1s, which, in the steady state, are present in systemic peripheral lymphoid organs and promote tolerance that limits subsequent immune responses. A canonical inducer of maturation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), initiates a burst of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and the resultant acute death of BTLAhi cDC1s mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. The ablation of these individual tolerogenic cDCs is amplified by TNF-α produced by neighboring cells. This loss of tolerogenic cDCs is transient, accentuating the restoration of homeostatic conditions through biological turnover of cDCs in vivo. Therefore, our results reveal that the abrogation of tolerogenic functions during an acute immunogenic maturation depends on an ablation of the tolerogenic cDC population, resulting in a dynamic remodeling of the cDC functional landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian Fallahee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sungho Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
It is well established that by modulating various immune functions, host infection may alter the course of concomitant inflammatory diseases, of both infectious and autoimmune etiologies. Beyond the major impact of commensal microbiota on the immune status, host exposure to viral, bacterial, and/or parasitic microorganisms also dramatically influences inflammatory diseases in the host, in a beneficial or harmful manner. Moreover, by modifying pathogen control and host tolerance to tissue damage, a coinfection can profoundly affect the development of a concomitant infectious disease. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms that underlie the impact of (co)infections on inflammatory disorders. We discuss epidemiological studies in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and shed light on the sometimes dual impact of germ exposure on human susceptibility to inflammatory disease. We then summarize the immunomodulatory mechanisms at play, which can involve pleiotropic effects of immune players and discuss the possibility to harness pathogen-derived compounds to the host benefit.
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng E, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Ashkar AA, Loeb M. Aging and Interferons: Impacts on Inflammation and Viral Disease Outcomes. Cells 2021; 10:708. [PMID: 33806810 PMCID: PMC8004738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, elderly individuals comprise the majority of cases of severe viral infection outcomes and death. A combined inability to control viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory immune activation in elderly patients causes irreparable immune-mediated tissue pathology in response to infection. Key to these responses are type I, II, and III interferons (IFNs), which are involved in inducing an antiviral response, as well as controlling and suppressing inflammation and immunopathology. IFNs support monocyte/macrophage-stimulated immune responses that clear infection and promote their immunosuppressive functions that prevent excess inflammation and immune-mediated pathology. The timing and magnitude of IFN responses to infection are critical towards their immunoregulatory functions and ability to prevent immunopathology. Aging is associated with multiple defects in the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to produce IFNs in response to viral infection, leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses. Understanding the implications of aging on IFN-regulated inflammation will give critical insights on how to treat and prevent severe infection in vulnerable individuals. In this review, we describe the causes of impaired IFN production in aging, and the evidence to suggest that these impairments impact the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection, thereby causing disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.P.); (M.L.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu L, Nie L, Xie S, Li M, Zhu C, Qiu X, Kuang J, Liu C, Lu C, Li W, Meng E, Zhang D, Zhu L. Attenuation of Antiviral Immune Response Caused by Perturbation of TRIM25-Mediated RIG-I Activation under Simulated Microgravity. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108600. [PMID: 33406425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity is a major environmental factor of space flight that triggers dysregulation of the immune system and increases clinical risks for deep-space-exploration crews. However, systematic studies and molecular mechanisms of the adverse effects of microgravity on the immune system in animal models are limited. Here, we establish a ground-based zebrafish disease model of microgravity for the research of space immunology. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrates that the retinoic-acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR) and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are significantly compromised by simulated microgravity (Sμg). TRIM25, an essential E3 for RLR signaling, is inhibited under Sμg, hampering the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and the following function-induction positive feedback loop of antiviral immune response. These mechanisms provide insights into better understanding of the effects and principles of microgravity on host antiviral immunity and present broad potential implications for developing strategies that can prevent and control viral diseases during space flight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chushu Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Kuang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyang Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Lu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Er Meng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Virus Hosted in Malaria-Infected Blood Protects against T Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases by Impairing DC Function in a Type I IFN-Dependent Manner. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03394-19. [PMID: 32265335 PMCID: PMC7157782 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03394-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfections shape immunity and influence the development of inflammatory diseases, resulting in detrimental or beneficial outcome. Coinfections with concurrent Plasmodium species can alter malaria clinical evolution, and malaria infection itself can modulate autoimmune reactions. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we demonstrate that the protective effects of some rodent malaria strains on T cell-mediated inflammatory pathologies are due to an RNA virus cohosted in malaria-parasitized blood. We show that live and extracts of blood parasitized by Plasmodium berghei K173 or Plasmodium yoelii 17X YM, protect against P. berghei ANKA-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and that protection is associated with a strong type I interferon (IFN-I) signature. We detected the presence of the RNA virus lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) in the protective Plasmodium stabilates and we established that LDV infection alone was necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the protective effects on ECM and EAE. In ECM, protection resulted from an IFN-I-mediated reduction in the abundance of splenic conventional dendritic cell and impairment of their ability to produce interleukin (IL)-12p70, leading to a decrease in pathogenic CD4+ Th1 responses. In EAE, LDV infection induced IFN-I-mediated abrogation of IL-23, thereby preventing the differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells. Our work identifies a virus cohosted in several Plasmodium stabilates across the community and deciphers its major consequences on the host immune system. More generally, our data emphasize the importance of considering contemporaneous infections for the understanding of malaria-associated and autoimmune diseases.IMPORTANCE Any infection modifies the host immune status, potentially ameliorating or aggravating the pathophysiology of a simultaneous inflammatory condition. In the course of investigating how malaria infection modulates the severity of contemporaneous inflammatory diseases, we identified a nonpathogenic mouse virus in stabilates of two widely used rodent parasite lines: Plasmodium berghei K173 and Plasmodium yoelii 17X YM. We established that the protective effects of these Plasmodium lines on cerebral malaria and multiple sclerosis are exclusively due to this virus. The virus induces a massive type I interferon (IFN-I) response and causes quantitative and qualitative defects in the ability of dendritic cells to promote pathogenic T cell responses. Beyond revealing a possible confounding factor in rodent malaria models, our work uncovers some bases by which a seemingly innocuous viral (co)infection profoundly changes the immunopathophysiology of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Roselli E, Araya P, Núñez NG, Gatti G, Graziano F, Sedlik C, Benaroch P, Piaggio E, Maccioni M. TLR3 Activation of Intratumoral CD103 + Dendritic Cells Modifies the Tumor Infiltrate Conferring Anti-tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:503. [PMID: 30949170 PMCID: PMC6435583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in cancer immunotherapy is to expand the number of patients that benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (CI), a fact that has been related to the pre-existence of an efficient anti-tumor immune response. Different strategies are being proposed to promote tumor immunity and to be used in combined therapies with CI. Recently, we reported that intratumoral administration of naked poly A:U, a dsRNA mimetic empirically used in early clinical trials with some success, delays tumor growth and prolongs mice survival in several murine cancer models. Here, we show that CD103+ cDC1 and, to a much lesser extent CD11b+ cDC2, are the only populations expressing TLR3 at the tumor site, and consequently could be potential targets of poly A:U. Upon poly A:U administration these cells become activated and elicit profound changes in the composition of the tumor immune infiltrate, switching the immune suppressive tumor environment to anti-tumor immunity. The sole administration of naked poly A:U promotes striking changes within the lymphoid compartment, with all the anti-tumoral parameters being enhanced: a higher frequency of CD8+ Granzyme B+ T cells, (lower Treg/CD8+ ratio) and an important expansion of tumor-antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Also, PD1/PDL1 showed an increased expression indicating that neutralization of this axis could be exploited in combination with poly A:U. Our results shed new light to promote further assays in this dsRNA mimetic to the clinical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Roselli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Araya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Gerardo Gatti
- Fundación para el Progreso de la Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cáncer, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Maccioni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simonetti S, Seijas ABB, Natalini A, Vitale S, Runci D, Soriani A, Di Virgilio A, Aricò E, Gabriele L, Santoni A, Di Rosa F. Dendritic cells modulate c-kit expression on the edge between activation and death. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:534-545. [PMID: 30758056 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in immunity and tolerance. Some DCs express c-kit, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF), nevertheless c-kit functional role and the regulation of its expression in DCs are incompletely defined. We recently demonstrated that autocrine SCF sustains a pro-survival circuit, and that SCF increases phospho-AKT in c-kit+ mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMdDCs). Herein we observed that CpG and PolyI:C, two stimuli mimicking bacterial and viral nucleic acids respectively, strongly inhibited c-kit expression by BMdDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in IFNARI-/- mice showed that IFN-I pathway was required for c-kit down-regulation in cDC1s, but only partially supported it in cDC2s. Furthermore, CpG and PolyI:C strongly inhibited c-kit mRNA expression. In agreement with the reduced c-kit levels, SCF pro-survival activity was impaired. Thus in the presence of exogenously provided SCF, either PolyI:C or CpG induced spleen DC death in 2 days, while at earlier times IL-6 and IL-12 production were slightly increased. In contrast, SCF improved survival of unstimulated spleen DCs expressing high c-kit levels. Our studies suggest that c-kit down-modulation is a previously neglected component of DC response to CpG and PolyI:C, regulating DC survival and ultimately tuning immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Amairelys B Barroeta Seijas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Vitale
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Runci
- Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- BENA Centro Nazionale Sperimentazione e Benessere Animale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wasan EK, Syeda J, Strom S, Cawthray J, Hancock RE, Wasan KM, Gerdts V. A lipidic delivery system of a triple vaccine adjuvant enhances mucosal immunity following nasal administration in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:1503-1515. [PMID: 30739796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed an highly efficacious combination adjuvant comprised of innate defense regulator (IDR)-1002 peptide, poly(I:C) and polyphosphazene (TriAdj). Here we aimed to design and test the in vivo efficacy of a mucoadhesive nasal formulation of this adjuvant. To determine the physical properties of the formulation, the effect of addition of each individual component was characterised by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching using rhodamine-poly(I:C). Cationic liposomes comprised of didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (50:50 or 75:25 mol:mol) and DDAB, L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and DOPE (40:50:10 mol:mol:mol) were prepared by the thin-film extrusion method. The liposomes and TriAdj were combined by simple mixing. The formed complex (L-TriAdj) was characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and mucin interactions. We found that IDR-1002 peptide, polyphosphazene and poly(I:C) self-assembled in solution forming an anionic complex. Exposure of RAW267.4 mouse macrophage cells to TriAdj alone vs. L-TriAdj indicated that DDAB/DOPE (50:50) and DDAB/EPC/cholesterol (40:50:10) complexation reduced TriAdj toxicity. Next, TriAdj-containing cationic liposomes were prepared at several molar ratios to determine optimal size, stability and desired positive charge. Transmission electron microscopy showed rearrangement of lipid structures on binding of liposomes to TriAdj and to mucin. Stable particles (<200 nm over 24 h) showed mucin binding of DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj was greater than DDAB/EPC/DOPE + TriAdj. To verify in vivo efficacy, mice were administered the DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj complex intranasally with ovalbumin as the antigen, and the immunogenic response was measured by ELISA (serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgA) and ELISpot assays (splenocyte IL-5, IFN-γ). Mice administered adjuvant showed a significantly greater immune response with L-TriAdj than TriAdj alone, with a dose-response proportionate to the triple adjuvant content, and an overall balanced Th1/Th2 immune response representing both systemic and mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Jaweria Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert E Hancock
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Macri C, Fancke B, Radford KJ, O'Keeffe M. Monitoring Dendritic Cell Activation and Maturation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1988:403-418. [PMID: 31147955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9450-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1997 discovery that the first identified human homolog of Drosophila Toll could activate the innate immune system, the innate arm of immunity has rapidly taken on a new light as an important player in the recognition of pathogens and damaged self. The recognition of danger by dendritic cells (DC) is a crucial step in activating the adaptive immune system. Different DC express varied subsets of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), enabling both overlap and exclusivity in the recognition of danger signals by DC. PRR-mediated DC maturation and activation can be measured by changes in the surface expression of costimulatory as well as coinhibitory molecules, changes in size and shape of the DC and by their production of different cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Fancke
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Friede ME, Leibelt S, Dudziak D, Steinle A. Select Clr-g Expression on Activated Dendritic Cells Facilitates Cognate Interaction with a Minor Subset of Splenic NK Cells Expressing the Inhibitory Nkrp1g Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:983-996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Carrington EM, Tarlinton DM, Gray DH, Huntington ND, Zhan Y, Lew AM. The life and death of immune cell types: the role of BCL-2 anti-apoptotic molecules. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:870-877. [PMID: 28875977 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting survival mechanisms of immune cells may provide an avenue for immune intervention to dampen unwanted responses (e.g. autoimmunity, immunopathology and transplant rejection) or enhance beneficial ones (e.g. immune deficiency, microbial defence and cancer immunotherapy). The selective survival mechanisms of the various immune cell types also avails the possibility of specific tailoring of such interventions. Here, we review the role of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic family members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1 and A1) on cell death/survival of the major immune cell types, for example, T, NK, B, dendritic cell (DC) lineages. There is both selectivity and redundancy among this family. Selectivity comes partly from the expression levels in each of the cell types. For example, plasmacytoid DC express abundant BCL-2 and are susceptible to BCL-2 antagonism or deficiency, whereas conventional DC express abundant A1 and are susceptible to A1 deficiency. There is, however, also functional redundancy; for example, overexpression of MCL-1 can override BCL-2 antagonism in plasmacytoid DC. Moreover, susceptibility to another anti-apoptotic family member can be unmasked, when one or other member is removed. These dual principles of selectivity and redundancy should guide the use of antagonists for manipulating immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Carrington
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel H Gray
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nash WT, Gillespie AL, Brown MG. Murine Cytomegalovirus Disrupts Splenic Dendritic Cell Subsets via Type I Interferon-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2017; 8:251. [PMID: 28337202 PMCID: PMC5343017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are well-known modulators of immunity. This heterogeneous population is composed of defined subsets that exhibit functional specialization and are critical in initiating responses to pathogens. As such, many infectious agents employ strategies to disrupt DC functioning in attempts to evade the immune system. In some instances, this manifests as an outright loss of these cells. Previous work has suggested that, in the absence of an efficient natural killer (NK) cell response, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) induces large amounts of interferon (IFN)-I. This heightened IFN-I response is thought to contribute to conventional DC (cDC) loss and delayed development of T cell immunity. However, the precise role of IFN-I in such cDC loss remains unclear. We investigated the effects of licensed NK cells and IFN-I signaling on splenic cDC subsets during MCMV infection and found that a licensed NK cell response partially protects cDC numbers, but does not prevent increases in serum IFN-I. This suggested that high residual IFN-I could contribute to cDC loss. Therefore, we used multiple strategies to modulate IFN-I signaling during MCMV infection including plasmacytoid DC depletion, IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) blockade, and genetic ablation of IFNAR expression. Interestingly, restriction of IFN-I signals did not substantially preserve either CD8+ or CD4+ DC total numbers, but resulted in significant retention and/or accumulation of the splenic CD8− CD4− [double negative (DN)] subset. However, the DN DC effect manifested in a DC-extrinsic manner since IFNAR-deficient cells were not preferentially retained over their IFNAR wild-type counterparts in a mixed-chimera setting. Our results show that IFN-I signaling is not responsible for overt cDC toxicity in the setting of acute MCMV infection and emphasize that additional mechanisms contribute to DC loss and require exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William T Nash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alyssa L Gillespie
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael G Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Beuckelaer A, Grooten J, De Koker S. Type I Interferons Modulate CD8 + T Cell Immunity to mRNA Vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:216-226. [PMID: 28185789 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have emerged as potent tools to elicit antitumor T cell immunity. They are characterized by a strong induction of type I interferons (IFNs), potent inflammatory cytokines affecting T cell differentiation and survival. Recent reports have attributed opposing roles for type I IFNs in modulating CD8+ T cell immunity to mRNA vaccines, from profoundly stimulatory to strongly inhibitory. The mechanisms behind this duality are unclear. Disentangling the factors governing the beneficial or detrimental impact of type I IFNs on CD8+ T cell responses is vital to the design of mRNA vaccines of increased potency. In light of recent advancements regarding the complex role of type I IFNs in regulating CD8+ T cell immunity to infectious diseases, we posit that the dual outcome of type I IFNs on CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA vaccination is determined by the timing and intensity of type I IFN induction relative to T cell receptor (TCR) activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ans De Beuckelaer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mitochondria as Molecular Platforms Integrating Multiple Innate Immune Signalings. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:1-13. [PMID: 27923767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system of vertebrates confers protective mechanisms to the host through the sensing of stress-induced agents expressed during infection or cell stress. Among them, the first line of host defense composed of the innate immune sensing of these agents by pattern recognition receptors enables downstream adaptive immunity to be primed, mediating the body's appropriate response to clear infection and tissue damage. Mitochondria are «bacteria within» that allowed the emergence of functional eukaryotic cells by positioning themselves as the cell powerhouse and an initiator of cell death programs. It is striking to consider that such ancestral bacteria, which had to evade host defense at some point to develop evolutionary endosymbiosis, have become instrumental for the modern eukaryotic cell in alerting the immune system against various insults including infection by other pathogens. Mitochondria have indeed become critical regulators of innate immune responses to both pathogens and cell stress. They host numerous modulators, which play a direct role into the assembly of innate sensing machineries that trigger host immune response in both sterile and non-sterile conditions. Several lines of evidence indicate the existence of a complex molecular interplay between mechanisms involved in inflammation and metabolism. Mitochondrial function seems to participate in innate immunity at various stages as diverse as the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their maturation by inflammasomes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mitochondria orchestrate innate immune responses at different levels by promoting a cellular metabolic reprogramming and the cytosolic immune signaling cascades.
Collapse
|
23
|
Immune activation and induction of memory: lessons learned from controlled human malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 2016; 143:224-35. [PMID: 26864135 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs) are a powerful tool to assess the efficacy of drugs and/or vaccine candidates, but also to study anti-malarial immune responses at well-defined time points after infection. In this review, we discuss the insights that CHMI trials have provided into early immune activation and regulation during acute infection, and the capacity to induce and maintain immunological memory. Importantly, these studies show that a single infection is sufficient to induce long-lasting parasite-specific T- and B-cell memory responses, and suggest that blood-stage induced regulatory responses can limit inflammation both in ongoing and potentially future infections. As future perspective of investigation in CHMIs, we discuss the role of innate cell subsets, the interplay between innate and adaptive immune activation and the potential modulation of these responses after natural pre-exposure.
Collapse
|
24
|
Karpus ON, Hsiao CC, de Kort H, Tak PP, Hamann J. Intracellular delivery of poly(I:C) induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via an unknown dsRNA sensor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:343-9. [PMID: 27343555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) express functional membranous and cytoplasmic sensors for double-stranded (ds)RNA. Notably, FLS undergo apoptosis upon transfection with the synthetic dsRNA analog poly(I:C). We here studied the mechanism of intracellular poly(I:C) recognition and subsequent cell death in FLS. FLS responded similarly to poly(I:C) or 3pRNA transfection; however, only intracellular delivery of poly(I:C) induced significant cell death, accompanied by upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Puma and Noxa, caspase 3 cleavage, and nuclear segregation. Knockdown of the DExD/H-box helicase MDA5 did not affect the response to intracellular poly(I:C); in contrast, knockdown of RIG-I abrogated the response to 3pRNA. Knockdown of the downstream adaptor proteins IPS, STING, and TRIF or inhibition of TBK1 did not affect the response to intracellular poly(I:C), while knockdown of IFNAR blocked intracellular poly(I:C)-mediated signaling and cell death. We conclude that a so far unknown intracellular sensor recognizes linear dsRNA and induces apoptosis in FLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Karpus
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke de Kort
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Tak
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Margaroli C, Oberle S, Lavanchy C, Scherer S, Rosa M, Strasser A, Pellegrini M, Zehn D, Acha-Orbea H, Ehirchiou D. Role of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins inListeria monocytogenesinfection. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1427-37. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Susanne Oberle
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute; Centre des laboratoires d'Epalinges; Epalinges Switzerland
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christine Lavanchy
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Scherer
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute; Centre des laboratoires d'Epalinges; Epalinges Switzerland
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Muriel Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Technische Universität München; Weihenstephaner Berg 3; 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Driss Ehirchiou
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Uzureau S, Coquerelle C, Vermeiren C, Uzureau P, Van Acker A, Pilotte L, Monteyne D, Acolty V, Vanhollebeke B, Van den Eynde B, Pérez-Morga D, Moser M, Pays E. Apolipoproteins L control cell death triggered by TLR3/TRIF signaling in dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1854-66. [PMID: 27198486 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins L (ApoLs) are Bcl-2-like proteins expressed under inflammatory conditions in myeloid and endothelial cells. We found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimuli, particularly the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), specifically induce ApoLs7/11 subfamilies in murine CD8α(+) dendritic cells (DCs). This induction requires the TLR3/TRIF (where TRIF is TIR domain containing adapter-inducing interferon β) signaling pathway and is dependent on IFN-β in all ApoLs subfamilies except for ApoL7c. Poly(I:C) treatment of DCs is also associated with induction of both cell death and autophagy. ApoLs expression is related to promotion of DC death by poly(I:C), as ApoLs7/11 knockdown increases DC survival and ApoLs7 are associated with the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL (where Bcl-xL is B-cell lymphoma extra large). Similarly, in human monocyte-derived DCs poly(I:C) induces both cell death and the expression of ApoLs, principally ApoL3. Finally, the BH3-like peptide of ApoLs appears to be involved in the DC death-promoting activity. We would like to propose that ApoLs are involved in cell death linked to activation of DCs by viral stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Uzureau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Caroline Coquerelle
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Corentin Vermeiren
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale, Hôpital Vésale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Annette Van Acker
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Acolty
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pacella I, Timperi E, Accapezzato D, Martire C, Labbadia G, Cavallari EN, D'Ettorre G, Calvo L, Rizzo F, Severa M, Coccia EM, Vullo V, Barnaba V, Piconese S. IFN-α promotes rapid human Treg contraction and late Th1-like Treg decrease. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:613-23. [PMID: 26921346 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0415-140r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs are pleiotropic cytokines that exert concerted activities in the development of antiviral responses. Regulatory T cells represent a physiologic checkpoint in the balance between immunity and tolerance, requiring fine and rapid controls. Here, we show that human regulatory T cells are particularly sensitive to the sequential effects of IFN-α. First, IFN-α exerts a rapid, antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect in vitro and in vivo, as early as after 2 d of pegylated IFN/ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Such activities result in the decline, at d 2, in circulating regulatory T cell frequency and specifically of the activated regulatory T cell subset. Later, IFN-based therapy restrains the fraction of regulatory T cells that can be polarized into IFN-γ-producing Th1-like regulatory T cells known to contribute to chronic immune activation in type 1 inflammation. Indeed, Th1-like regulatory T cell frequency significantly declines after 30 d of therapy in vivo in relation to the persistent decline of relevant IL-12 sources, namely, myeloid and 6-sulfo LacNAc-expressing dendritic cells. This event is recapitulated by experiments in vitro, providing evidence that it may be attributable to the inhibitory effect of IFN-α on IL-12-induced, Th1-like regulatory T cell polarization. In summary, our results suggest that IFN-α-driven, early regulatory T cell depletion contributes to the development of antiviral immunity, ultimately resulting in the resolution of type 1 inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pacella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Timperi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Accapezzato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Martire
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio N Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Calvo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pigni M, Ashok D, Acha-Orbea H. Derivation and Utilization of Functional CD8(+) Dendritic Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1423:39-49. [PMID: 27142007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3606-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is notoriously difficult to obtain large quantities of non-activated dendritic cells ex vivo. For this reason, we produced and characterized a mouse model expressing the large T oncogene under the CD11c promoter (Mushi mice), in which CD8α(+) dendritic cells transform after 4 months. We derived a variety of stable cell lines from these primary lines. These cell lines reproducibly share with freshly isolated dendritic cells most surface markers, mRNA and protein expression, and all tested biological functions. Cell lines can be derived from various strains and knockout mice and can be easily transduced with lentiviruses. In this article, we describe the derivation, culture, and lentiviral transduction of these dendritic cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pigni
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Devika Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tamura T, Kimura K, Yui K, Yoshida S. Reduction of conventional dendritic cells during Plasmodium infection is dependent on activation induced cell death by type I and II interferons. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:127-35. [PMID: 26420463 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in innate and adaptive immunity and in pathogenesis during the blood stage of malaria infection. The mechanisms underlying DC homeostasis during malaria infection are not well understood. In this study, the numbers of conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the spleens after lethal rodent malaria infection were examined, and were found to be significantly reduced. Concomitant with up-regulation of maturation-associated molecules, activation of caspase-3 was significantly increased, suggesting induction of cell death. Studies using neutralizing antibody and gene-deficient mice showed that type I and II interferons were critically involved in activation induced cell death of cDCs during malaria infection. These results demonstrate that DCs rapidly disappeared following IFN-mediated DC activation, and that homeostasis of DCs was significantly impaired during malaria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Tamura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, School of Pharmacy, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, School of Pharmacy, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liang KC, Patil A, Nakai K. Discovery of Intermediary Genes between Pathways Using Sparse Regression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137222. [PMID: 26348038 PMCID: PMC4562633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of pathways and gene interaction networks for the analysis of differential expression experiments has allowed us to highlight the differences in gene expression profiles between samples in a systems biology perspective. The usefulness and accuracy of pathway analysis critically depend on our understanding of how genes interact with one another. That knowledge is continuously improving due to advances in next generation sequencing technologies and in computational methods. While most approaches treat each of them as independent entities, pathways actually coordinate to perform essential functions in a cell. In this work, we propose a methodology based on a sparse regression approach to find genes that act as intermediary to and interact with two pathways. We model each gene in a pathway using a set of predictor genes, and a connection is formed between the pathway gene and a predictor gene if the sparse regression coefficient corresponding to the predictor gene is non-zero. A predictor gene is a shared neighbor gene of two pathways if it is connected to at least one gene in each pathway. We compare the sparse regression approach to Weighted Correlation Network Analysis and a correlation distance based approach using time-course RNA-Seq data for dendritic cell from wild type, MyD88-knockout, and TRIF-knockout mice, and a set of RNA-Seq data from 60 Caucasian individuals. For the sparse regression approach, we found overrepresented functions for shared neighbor genes between TLR-signaling pathway and antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, and Jak-Stat pathways that are supported by prior research, and compares favorably to Weighted Correlation Network Analysis in cases where the gene association signals are weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-ching Liang
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ashwini Patil
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Széles L, Meissner F, Dunand-Sauthier I, Thelemann C, Hersch M, Singovski S, Haller S, Gobet F, Fuertes Marraco SA, Mann M, Garcin D, Acha-Orbea H, Reith W. TLR3-Mediated CD8+ Dendritic Cell Activation Is Coupled with Establishment of a Cell-Intrinsic Antiviral State. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1025-33. [PMID: 26101320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique capacity to cross-present Ags to CD8(+) T cells, mouse lymphoid tissue-resident CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and their migratory counterparts are critical for priming antiviral T cell responses. High expression of the dsRNA sensor TLR3 is a distinctive feature of these cross-presenting DC subsets. TLR3 engagement in CD8(+) DCs promotes cross-presentation and the acquisition of effector functions required for driving antiviral T cell responses. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the TLR3-induced antiviral program and cell-autonomous immunity in CD8(+) DC lines and primary CD8(+) DCs. We found that TLR3-ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and human rhinovirus infection induced a potent antiviral protection against Sendai and vesicular stomatitis virus in a TLR3 and type I IFN receptor-dependent manner. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced antiviral genes were identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and transcriptomics in the CD8(+) DC line. Nanostring nCounter experiments confirmed that these antiviral genes were induced by TLR3 engagement in primary CD8(+) DCs, and indicated that many are secondary TLR3-response genes requiring autocrine IFN-β stimulation. TLR3-activation thus establishes a type I IFN-dependent antiviral program in a DC subtype playing crucial roles in priming adaptive antiviral immune responses. This mechanism is likely to shield the priming of antiviral responses against inhibition or abrogation by the viral infection. It could be particularly relevant for viruses detected mainly by TLR3, which may not trigger type I IFN production by DCs that lack TLR3, such as plasmacytoid DCs or CD8(-) DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Széles
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Meissner
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabelle Dunand-Sauthier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Thelemann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Micha Hersch
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Simon Singovski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Haller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florian Gobet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominique Garcin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang S, Liu D, Jin R, Zhu Y, Xu A. Differential responses of normal human melanocytes to intra- and extracellular dsRNA. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:391-9. [PMID: 25803620 PMCID: PMC4485883 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral factor has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. To elucidate the effects of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on melanocytes and to explore the underlying mechanisms, primary cultured normal human melanocytes were treated with synthetic viral dsRNA analog poly(I:C). The results demonstrated that poly(I:C)-triggered apoptosis when transfected into melanocytes, while extracellular poly(I:C) did not have that effect. Intracellular poly(I:C)-induced melanocyte death was decreased by RIG-I or MDA5 siRNA, but not by TLR3 siRNA. Both intracellular and extracellular poly(I:C) induced the expression of IFNB, TNF, IL6, and IL8. However, extracellular poly(I:C) demonstrated a much weaker induction capacity of cytokine genes than intracellular poly(I:C). Further analysis revealed that phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3, IRF7, and TAK1 was differentially induced by intra- or extracellular poly(I:C). NFκB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 decreased the induction of all the cytokines by poly(I:C), suggesting the ubiquitous role of NFκB in the process. Poly(I:C) treatment also induced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in melanocytes. Both JNK and p38 inhibitors showed suppression on the cytokine induction by intra- or extracellular poly(I:C). However, only the JNK inhibitor decreased the intracellular poly(I:C)-induced melanocyte death. Taken together, this study provides the possible mechanism of viral factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suiquan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongyin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Flores M, Chew C, Tyan K, Huang WQ, Salem A, Clynes R. FcγRIIB prevents inflammatory type I IFN production from plasmacytoid dendritic cells during a viral memory response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4240-50. [PMID: 25821224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The type I IFN (IFN-α) response is crucial for viral clearance during primary viral infections. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important early responders during systemic viral infections and, in some cases, are the sole producers of IFN-α. However, their role in IFN-α production during memory responses is unclear. We found that IFN-α production is absent during a murine viral memory response, despite colocalization of virus and pDCs to the splenic marginal zone. The absence of IFN was dependent on circulating Ab and was reversed by the transgenic expression of the activating human FcγRIIA receptor on pDCs. Furthermore, FcγRIIB was required for Sendai virus immune complex uptake by splenic pDCs in vitro, and internalization via FcγRIIb prevented cargo from accessing TLR signaling endosomes. Thus, pDCs bind viral immune complexes via FcγRIIB and prevent IFN-α production in vivo during viral memory responses. This Ab-dependent IFN-α regulation may be an important mechanism by which the potentially deleterious effects of IFN-α are prevented during a secondary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Flores
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Claude Chew
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Kevin Tyan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Wu Qing Huang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Aliasger Salem
- Division of Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Raphael Clynes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prosurvival Bcl-2 family members reveal a distinct apoptotic identity between conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4044-9. [PMID: 25775525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417620112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous, comprising subsets with functional specializations that play distinct roles in immunity as well as immunopathology. We investigated the molecular control of cell survival of two main DC subsets: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs) and their dependence on individual antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members. Compared with cDCs, pDCs had higher expression of BCL-2, lower A1, and similar levels of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. Transgenic overexpression of BCL-2 increased the pDC pool size in vivo with only minor impact on cDCs. With a view to immune intervention, we tested BCL-2 inhibitors and found that ABT-199 (the BCL-2 specific inhibitor) selectively killed pDCs but not cDCs. Conversely, genetic knockdown of A1 profoundly reduced the proportion of cDCs but not pDCs. We also found that conditional ablation of MCL-1 significantly reduced the size of both DC populations in mice and impeded DC-mediated immune responses. Thus, we revealed that the two DC types have different cell survival requirements. The molecular basis of survival of different DC subsets thus advocates the antagonism of selective BCL-2 family members for treating diseases pertaining to distinct DC subsets.
Collapse
|
35
|
Maintaining dendritic cell viability in culture. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:264-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Petersen TR, Knight DA, Tang CW, Osmond TL, Hermans IF. Batf3-independent langerin- CX3CR1- CD8α+ splenic DCs represent a precursor for classical cross-presenting CD8α+ DCs. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1001-10. [PMID: 25170118 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0314-130r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that CD8α(+) DCs in the spleen of mice contain an immature precursor for functionally mature, "classical" cross-presenting CD8α(+) DCs. The lymphoid tissues contain a network of phenotypically distinct DCs with unique roles in surveillance and immunity. Splenic CD8α(+) DCs have been shown to exhibit a heightened capacity for phagocytosis of cellular material, secretion of IL-12, and cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. However, this population can be subdivided further on the basis of expression of both langerin/CD207 and CX(3)CR1. We therefore evaluated the functional capacities of these different subsets. The CX(3)CR1(+) CD8α(+) DC subset does not express langerin and does not exhibit the classical features above. The CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+) DC can be divided into langerin-positive and negative populations, both of which express DEC205, Clec9A, and high basal levels of CD86. However, the langerin(+) CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+) subset has a superior capacity for acquiring cellular material and producing IL-12 and is more susceptible to activation-induced cell death. Significantly, following purification and adoptive transfer into new hosts, the langerin(-) CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+) subset survives longer, up-regulates expression of langerin, and becomes more susceptible to activation-induced cell death. Last, in contrast to langerin(+) CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+), the langerin(-) CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+) are still present in Batf3(-/-) mice. We conclude that the classical attributes of CD8α(+) DC are confined primarily to the langerin(+) CX(3)CR1(-) CD8α(+) DC population and that the langerin(-) CX(3)CR1(-) subset represents a Batf3-independent precursor to this mature population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troels R Petersen
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Deborah A Knight
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Ching-Wen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Taryn L Osmond
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kis-Toth K, Tsokos GC. Engagement of SLAMF2/CD48 prolongs the time frame of effective T cell activation by supporting mature dendritic cell survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4436-42. [PMID: 24670806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (SLAMF)2/CD48 is a coactivator and adhesion molecule on cells with hematopoietic origin. It ligates mainly SLAMF4 on effector/memory CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, suggesting a potential role during viral infection, with SLAMF2 acting as a ligand to activate SLAMF4-bearing cells. The ability of SLAMF2 to signal on its own after it is engaged and the functional consequences are largely unknown. We found that cytosolic DNA-activated dendritic cells (DCs) upregulate the expression of SLAMF2 molecules. Using anti-SLAMF2 Ab and SLAMF4 recombinant protein, we found that SLAMF2 engagement activates immature DCs and, more interestingly, prolongs the survival of DNA-activated DCs by inhibiting IFN-β production and IFN-β-induced apoptosis and promotes the production of the granzyme B inhibitor protease inhibitor-9. Thus, SLAMF2 can serve as a survival molecule for DNA-activated DCs during their interaction with SLAMF4-expressing cytotoxic T cells. Based on our results, we propose that SLAMF2 engagement regulates adaptive immune responses by providing longer access of putative APCs to virus-specific effector T cells by prolonging the time frame of effective stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Kis-Toth
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The fetal/neonatal hematopoietic system must generate enough blood cells to meet the demands of rapid growth. This unique challenge might underlie the high incidence of thrombocytopenia among preterm neonates. In this study, neonatal platelet production and turnover were investigated in newborn mice. Based on a combination of blood volume expansion and increasing platelet counts, the platelet mass increased sevenfold during the first 2 weeks of murine life, a time during which thrombopoiesis shifted from liver to bone marrow. Studies applying in vivo biotinylation and mathematical modeling showed that newborn and adult mice had similar platelet production rates, but neonatal platelets survived 1 day longer in circulation. This prolonged lifespan fully accounted for the rise in platelet counts observed during the second week of murine postnatal life. A study of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins showed that neonatal platelets had higher levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and were more resistant to apoptosis induced by the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737 than adult platelets. However, genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of Bcl-2 alone did not shorten neonatal platelet survival or reduce platelet counts in newborn mice, indicating the existence of redundant or alternative mechanisms mediating the prolonged lifespan of neonatal platelets.
Collapse
|
39
|
Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. Role of type I interferons in inflammasome activation, cell death, and disease during microbial infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:77. [PMID: 24273750 PMCID: PMC3824101 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) were discovered over a half-century ago as antiviral factors. The role of type I IFNs has been studied in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic microbial infections. Deregulated type I IFN production results in a damaging cascade of cell death, inflammation, and immunological host responses that can lead to tissue injury and disease progression. Here, we summarize the role of type I IFNs in the regulation of cell death and disease during different microbial infections, ranging from viruses and bacteria to fungal pathogens. Understanding the specific mechanisms driving type I IFN-mediated cell death and disease could aid in the development of targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Corre B, Perrier J, El Khouri M, Cerboni S, Pellegrini S, Michel F. Type I interferon potentiates T-cell receptor mediated induction of IL-10-producing CD4⁺ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2730-40. [PMID: 23839924 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) have the dual ability to promote the development of the immune response and exert an anti-inflammatory activity. We analyzed the integrated effect of IFN-α, TCR signal strength, and CD28 costimulation on human CD4⁺ T-cell differentiation into cell subsets producing the anti- and proinflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IFN-γ. We show that IFN-α boosted TCR-induced IL-10 expression in activated peripheral CD45RA⁺CD4⁺ T cells and in whole blood cultures. The functional cooperation between TCR and IFN-α efficiently occurred at low engagement of receptors. Moreover, IFN-α rapidly cooperated with anti-CD3 stimulation alone. IFN-α, but not IL-10, drove the early development of type I regulatory T cells that were mostly IL-10⁺ Foxp3⁻ IFN-γ⁻ and favored IL-10 expression in a fraction of Foxp3⁺ T cells. Our data support a model in which IFN-α costimulates TCR toward the production of IL-10 whose level can be amplified via an autocrine feedback loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Corre
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Cytokine Signaling, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Y, Song W, Wu J, Zhang Q, He J, Li A, Qian J, Zhai A, Hu Y, Kao W, Wei L, Zhang F, Xu D. MAVS-mediated host cell defense is inhibited by Borna disease virus. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1546-55. [PMID: 23702035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Viruses often have strategies for preventing host cell apoptosis, which antagonizes viral replication. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic RNA virus that establishes a non-cytolytic persistent infection. Although BDV suppresses type I Interferon (IFN) through (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK-1) associated BDV P protein, it is still unclear how BDV can survive in the host cell and establish a persistent infection. Recently, it has been recognized that mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway is a crucial component of the innate immune response. In this work we show that BDV X protein colocalizes and interacts with MAVS in the mitochondria to block programmed cell death. BDV X protein-mediated inhibition of apoptosis was independent of type I IFN production and NF-κB activity. The reduction of BDV X expression with RNA interference (RNAi) or the mutation of BDV X enhanced MAVS-induced cell death. Collectively, our data provide novel insights into how BDV X protein inhibits antiviral-associated programmed cell death, through its action of MAVS function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smyth LA, Ratnasothy K, Moreau A, Alcock S, Sagoo P, Meader L, Tanriver Y, Buckland M, Lechler R, Lombardi G. Tolerogenic Donor-Derived Dendritic Cells Risk Sensitization In Vivo owing to Processing and Presentation by Recipient APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4848-60. [PMID: 23536635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modification of allogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) through drug treatment results in DCs with in vitro hallmarks of tolerogenicity. Despite these observations, using murine MHC-mismatched skin and heart transplant models, donor-derived drug-modified DCs not only failed to induce tolerance but also accelerated graft rejection. The latter was inhibited by injecting the recipient with anti-CD8 Ab, which removed both CD8(+) T cells and CD8(+) DCs. The discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo data could be explained, partly, by the presentation of drug-modified donor DC MHC alloantigens by recipient APCs and activation of recipient T cells with indirect allospecificity, leading to the induction of alloantibodies. Furthermore, allogeneic MHC molecules expressed by drug-treated DCs were rapidly processed and presented in peptide form by recipient APCs in vivo within hours of DC injection. Using TCR-transgenic T cells, Ag presentation of injected OVA-pulsed DCs was detectable for ≤ 3 d, whereas indirect presentation of MHC alloantigen by recipient APCs led to activation of T cells within 14 h and was partially inhibited by reducing the numbers of CD8(+) DCs in vivo. In support of this observation when mice lacking CD8(+) DCs were pretreated with drug-modified DCs prior to transplantation, skin graft rejection kinetics were similar to those in non-DC-treated controls. Of interest, when the same mice were treated with anti-CD40L blockade plus drug-modified DCs, skin graft survival was prolonged, suggesting endogenous DCs were responsible for T cell priming. Altogether, these findings highlight the risks and limitations of negative vaccination using alloantigen-bearing "tolerogenic" DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Smyth
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized sentinels responsible for coordinating adaptive immunity. This function is dependent upon coupled sensitivity to environmental signs of inflammation and infection to cellular maturation-the programmed alteration of DC phenotype and function to enhance immune cell activation. Although DCs are thus well equipped to respond to pathogens, maturation triggers are not unique to infection. Given that immune cells are exquisitely sensitive to the biological functions of DCs, we now appreciate that multiple layers of suppression are required to restrict the environmental sensitivity, cellular maturation, and even life span of DCs to prevent aberrant immune activation during the steady state. At the same time, steady-state DCs are not quiescent but rather perform key functions that support homeostasis of numerous cell types. Here we review these functions and molecular mechanisms of suppression that control steady-state DC maturation. Corruption of these steady-state operatives has diverse immunological consequences and pinpoints DCs as potent drivers of autoimmune and inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fuertes Marraco SA, Grosjean F, Duval A, Rosa M, Lavanchy C, Ashok D, Haller S, Otten LA, Steiner QG, Descombes P, Luber CA, Meissner F, Mann M, Szeles L, Reith W, Acha-Orbea H. Novel murine dendritic cell lines: a powerful auxiliary tool for dendritic cell research. Front Immunol 2012; 3:331. [PMID: 23162549 PMCID: PMC3491238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in vitro facilitates discovery, screening, and pilot experiments, often preceding research in vivo. Several technical difficulties render Dendritic Cell (DC) research particularly challenging, including the low frequency of DC in vivo, thorough isolation requirements, and the vulnerability of DC ex vivo. Critically, there is not as yet a widely accepted human or murine DC line and in vitro systems of DC research are limited. In this study, we report the generation of new murine DC lines, named MutuDC, originating from cultures of splenic CD8α conventional DC (cDC) tumors. By direct comparison to normal WT splenic cDC subsets, we describe the phenotypic and functional features of the MutuDC lines and show that they have retained all the major features of their natural counterpart in vivo, the splenic CD8α cDC. These features include expression of surface markers Clec9A, DEC205, and CD24, positive response to TLR3 and TLR9 but not TLR7 stimuli, secretion of cytokines, and chemokines upon activation, as well as cross-presentation capacity. In addition to the close resemblance to normal splenic CD8α cDC, a major advantage is the ease of derivation and maintenance of the MutuDC lines, using standard culture medium and conditions, importantly without adding supplementary growth factors or maturation-inducing stimuli to the medium. Furthermore, genetically modified MutuDC lines have been successfully obtained either by lentiviral transduction or by culture of DC tumors originating from genetically modified mice. In view of the current lack of stable and functional DC lines, these novel murine DC lines have the potential to serve as an important auxiliary tool for DC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection Lausanne, University of Lausanne Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The three major subgroups of the Bcl-2 family, including the prosurvival Bcl-2-like proteins, the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology (BH)3-only proteins and Bax/Bak proteins, regulate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, some outliers within the Bcl-2 family do not fit into these subgroups. One of them, Bcl-G, has a BH2 and a BH3 region, and was proposed to trigger apoptosis. To investigate the physiological role of Bcl-G, we have inactivated the gene in the mouse and generated monoclonal antibodies to determine its expression. Although two isoforms of Bcl-G exist in human, only one is found in mice. mBcl-G is expressed in a range of epithelial as well as in dendritic cells. Loss of Bcl-G did not appear to affect any of these cell types. mBcl-G only binds weakly to prosurvival members of the Bcl-2 family, and in a manner that is independent of its BH3 domain. To understand what the physiological role of Bcl-G might be, we searched for Bcl-G-binding partners through immunoprecipitation/mass spectroscopy and yeast-two-hybrid screening. Although we did not uncover any Bcl-2 family member in these screens, we found that Bcl-G interacts specifically with proteins of the transport particle protein complex. We conclude that Bcl-G most probably does not function in the classical stress-induced apoptosis pathway, but rather has a role in protein trafficking inside the cell.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ludigs K, Parfenov V, Du Pasquier RA, Guarda G. Type I IFN-mediated regulation of IL-1 production in inflammatory disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3395-418. [PMID: 22527721 PMCID: PMC11115130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although contributing to inflammatory responses and to the development of certain autoimmune pathologies, type I interferons (IFNs) are used for the treatment of viral, malignant, and even inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a strongly pyrogenic cytokine and its importance in the development of several inflammatory diseases is clearly established. While the therapeutic use of IL-1 blocking agents is particularly successful in the treatment of innate-driven inflammatory disorders, IFN treatment has mostly been appreciated in the management of multiple sclerosis. Interestingly, type I IFNs exert multifaceted immunomodulatory effects, including the reduction of IL-1 production, an outcome that could contribute to its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IL-1 and IFN effects in different inflammatory disorders, the influence of IFNs on IL-1 production, and discuss possible therapeutic avenues based on these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ludigs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhan Y, Vega-Ramos J, Carrington EM, Villadangos JA, Lew AM, Xu Y. The inflammatory cytokine, GM-CSF, alters the developmental outcome of murine dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2889-900. [PMID: 22806691 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is a major cytokine that drives development of dendritic cells (DCs) under steady state, whereas GM-CSF becomes a prominent influence on differentiation during inflammation. The influence GM-CSF exerts on Flt3L-induced DC development has not been thoroughly examined. Here, we report that GM-CSF alters Flt3L-induced DC development. When BM cells were cultured with both Flt3L and GM-CSF, few CD8⁺ equivalent DCs or plasmacytoid DCs developed compared to cultures supplemented with Flt3L alone. The disappearance of these two cell subsets in GM-CSF + Flt3L culture was not a result of simple inhibition of their development, but a diversion of the original differentiation trajectory to form a new cell population. As a consequence, both DC progeny and their functions were altered. The effect of GM-CSF on DC subset development was confirmed in vivo. First, the CD8⁺ DC numbers were increased under GM-CSF deficiency (when either GM-CSF or its receptor was ablated). Second, this population was decreased under GM-CSF hyperexpression (by transgenesis or by Listeria infection). Our finding that GM-CSF dominantly changes the regulation of DC development in vitro and in vivo has important implications for inflammatory diseases or GM-CSF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Smyth LA, Hervouet C, Hayday T, Becker PD, Ellis R, Lechler RI, Lombardi G, Klavinskis LS. Acquisition of MHC:peptide complexes by dendritic cells contributes to the generation of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2274-82. [PMID: 22821960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the transfer of preformed MHC class I:peptide complexes between a virus-infected cell and an uninfected APC, termed cross-dressing, represents an important mechanism of Ag presentation to CD8+ T cells in host defense. However, although it has been shown that memory CD8+ T cells can be activated by uninfected dendritic cells (DCs) cross-dressed by Ag from virus-infected parenchymal cells, it is unknown whether conditions exist during virus infection in which naive CD8+ T cells are primed and differentiate to cytolytic effectors through cross-dressing, and indeed which DC subset would be responsible. In this study, we determine whether the transfer of MHC class I:peptide complexes between infected and uninfected murine DC plays a role in CD8+ T cell priming to viral Ags in vivo. We show that MHC class I:peptide complexes from peptide-pulsed or virus-infected DCs are indeed acquired by splenic CD8α⁻ DCs in vivo. Furthermore, the acquired MHC class I:peptide complexes are functional in that they induced Ag-specific CD8+ T cell effectors with cytolytic function. As CD8α⁻ DCs are poor cross-presenters, this may represent the main mechanism by which CD8α⁻ DCs present exogenously encountered Ag to CD8+ T cells. The sharing of Ag as preformed MHC class I:peptide complexes between infected and uninfected DCs without the restraints of Ag processing may have evolved to accurately amplify the response and also engage multiple DC subsets critical in the generation of strong antiviral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Smyth
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Goutagny N, Estornes Y, Hasan U, Lebecque S, Caux C. Targeting pattern recognition receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Target Oncol 2012; 7:29-54. [PMID: 22399234 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-012-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are known for many years for their role in the recognition of microbial products and the subsequent activation of the immune system. The 2011 Nobel Prize for medicine indeed rewarded J. Hoffmann/B. Beutler and R. Steinman for their revolutionary findings concerning the activation of the immune system, thus stressing the significance of understanding the mechanisms of activation of the innate immunity. Such immunostimulatory activities are of major interest in the context of cancer to induce long-term antitumoral responses. Ligands for the toll-like receptors (TLRs), a well-known family of PRR, have been shown to have antitumoral activities in several cancers. Those ligands are now undergoing extensive clinical investigations both as immunostimulant molecules and as adjuvant along with vaccines. However, when considering the use of these ligands in tumor therapy, one shall consider the potential effect on the tumor cells themselves as well as on the entire organism. Recent data indeed demonstrate that TLR activation in tumor cells could trigger both pro- or antitumoral effect depending on the context. This review discusses this balance between the intrinsic activation of PRR in tumor cells and the extrinsic microenvironment activation in term of overall effect of PRR ligands on tumor development. We review recent advances in the field and underline appealing prospects for clinical development of PRR agonists in the light of our current knowledge on their expression and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Goutagny
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen M, Wang J. Regulation of Immune Responses by Spontaneous and T cell-mediated Dendritic Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S3. [PMID: 22468233 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.s3-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In response to antigen stimulations, cells in the immune system undergo dynamic activation, differentiation, expansion and turnover. Programmed cell death is important for maintaining homeostasis of different cell types in the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells that capture, process and present antigens to stimulate lymphocytes. DCs have also emerged as major regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Conventional myeloid DCs are relatively short-lived compared to lymphocytes in lymphoid organs. Mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis governed by Bcl-2 family members plays a major role in regulating spontaneous DC turnover. Killing of DCs by antigen-specific T cells also provides a negative feedback mechanism to restrict the duration and the scope of immune responses. Defects in cell death in DCs lead to DC accumulation, resulting in overactivation of lymphocytes and the development of autoimmunity in mice. Programmed cell death in DCs may play essential roles in the regulation of the duration and magnitude of immune responses, and in the protection against autoimmunity and uncontrolled inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|