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Ponce-Balbuena D, Tyrrell DJ, Cruz-Cortés C, Guerrero-Serna G, Da Rocha AM, Herron TJ, Song J, Raza DS, Anumonwo J, Goldstein DR, Espinoza-Fonseca LM. Paradoxical SERCA dysregulation contributes to atrial fibrillation in a model of diet-induced obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606385. [PMID: 39149279 PMCID: PMC11326153 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) the most common serious cardiac arrhythmia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying diet-induced AF remain unclear. In this study, we subjected mice to a chronic high-fat diet and acute sympathetic activation ('two-hit' model) to study the mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity promotes AF. Surface electrocardiography revealed that diet-induced obesity and sympathetic activation synergize during intracardiac tachypacing to induce AF. At the cellular level, diet-induced obesity and acute adrenergic stimulation facilitate the formation of delayed afterdepolarizations in atrial myocytes, implicating altered Ca2+ dynamics as the underlying cause of AF. We found that diet-induced obesity does not alter the expression of major Ca2+-handling proteins in atria, including the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), a major component of beat-to-beat Ca2+ cycling in the heart. Paradoxically, obesity reduces phospholamban phosphorylation, suggesting decreased SERCA activity, yet atrial myocytes from obese mice showed a significantly increased Ca2+ transient amplitude and SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake. Adrenergic stimulation further increases the Ca2+ transient amplitude but does not affect Ca2+ reuptake in atrial myocytes from obese mice. Transcriptomics analysis showed that a high-fat diet prompts upregulation of neuronatin, a protein that has been implicated in obesity and is known to stimulate SERCA activity. We propose a mechanism in which obesity primes SERCA for paradoxical activation, and adrenergic stimulation facilitates AF conversion through a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release gain in atrial myocytes. Overall, this study links obesity, altered Ca2+ signaling, and AF, and targeting this mechanism may prove effective for treating obesity-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tyrrell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carlos Cruz-Cortés
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro Da Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Todd J. Herron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianrui Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danyal S. Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justus Anumonwo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - L. Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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3
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Yang Z, Cao Y, Kong L, Xi J, Liu S, Zhang J, Cheng W. Small molecules as modulators of the proteostasis machinery: Implication in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116030. [PMID: 38071793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the escalating prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, the substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems is intensifying. Accumulating empirical evidence underscores the pivotal role of the proteostasis network in regulating cardiac homeostasis and function. Disruptions in proteostasis may contribute to the loss of protein function or the acquisition of toxic functions, which are intricately linked to the development of cardiovascular ailments such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and cardiac aging. It is widely acknowledged that the proteostasis network encompasses molecular chaperones, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Consequently, the proteostasis network emerges as an appealing target for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases. Numerous small molecules, acting as modulators of the proteostasis machinery, have exhibited therapeutic efficacy in managing cardiovascular diseases. This review centers on elucidating the role of the proteostasis network in various cardiovascular diseases and explores the potential of small molecules as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Limin Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Al-Owais MM, Hettiarachchi NT, Dallas ML, Scragg JL, Lippiat JD, Holden AV, Steele DS, Peers C. Inhibition of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 by hydrogen sulfide attenuates remodeling through S-nitrosylation-mediated signaling. Commun Biol 2023; 6:651. [PMID: 37336943 PMCID: PMC10279668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated K+ channel plays a key role in atrial excitability, conducting the ultra-rapid rectifier K+ current (IKur) and contributing to the repolarization of the atrial action potential. In this study, we examine its regulation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and in HEK293 cells expressing human Kv1.5. Pacing induced remodeling resulted in shorting action potential duration, enhanced both Kv1.5 channel and H2S producing enzymes protein expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. H2S supplementation reduced these remodeling changes and restored action potential duration through inhibition of Kv1.5 channel. H2S also inhibited recombinant hKv1.5, lead to nitric oxide (NO) mediated S-nitrosylation and activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by increased phosphorylation of Ser1177, prevention of NO formation precluded these effects. Regulation of Ikur by H2S has important cardiovascular implications and represents a novel and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moza M Al-Owais
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Nishani T Hettiarachchi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, LICAMM, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark L Dallas
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Jason L Scragg
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, LICAMM, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jonathan D Lippiat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arun V Holden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek S Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chris Peers
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, LICAMM, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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5
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Liu D, Han X, Zhang Z, Tse G, Shao Q, Liu T. Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Atrial Fibrillation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010151. [PMID: 36611952 PMCID: PMC9818491 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are endogenous protective proteins and biomarkers of cell stress response, of which examples are HSP70, HSP60, HSP90, and small HSPs (HSPB). HSPs protect cells and organs, especially the cardiovascular system, against harmful and cytotoxic conditions. More recent attention has focused on the roles of HSPs in the irreversible remodeling of atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and a significant contributor to mortality. In this review, we investigated the relationship between HSPs and atrial remodeling mechanisms in AF. PubMed was searched for studies using the terms "Heat Shock Proteins" and "Atrial Fibrillation" and their relevant abbreviations up to 10 July 2022. The results showed that HSPs have cytoprotective roles in atrial cardiomyocytes during AF by promoting reverse electrical and structural remodeling. Heat shock response (HSR) exhaustion, followed by low levels of HSPs, causes proteostasis derailment in cardiomyocytes, which is the basis of AF. Furthermore, potential implications of HSPs in the management of AF are discussed in detail. HSPs represent reliable biomarkers for predicting and staging AF. HSP inducers may serve as novel therapeutic modalities in postoperative AF. HSP induction, either by geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) or by other compounds presently in development, may therefore be an interesting new approach for upstream therapy for AF, a strategy that aims to prevent AF whilst minimizing the ventricular proarrhythmic risks of traditional anti-arrhythmic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xuyao Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Qingmiao Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); or (T.L.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); or (T.L.)
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6
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Tu T, Qin F, Bai F, Xiao Y, Ma Y, Li B, Liu N, Zhang B, Sun C, Liao X, Zhou S, Liu Q. Quantitative acetylated proteomics on left atrial appendage tissues revealed atrial energy metabolism and contraction status in patients with valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:962036. [PMID: 36176981 PMCID: PMC9513032 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.962036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous basic studies have demonstrated critical roles of metabolic and contractile remodeling in pathophysiological changes of atrial fibrillation (AF), but acetylation changes underlying atrial remodeling have not been fully elucidated. Quantitative acetylated proteomics enables researchers to identify a comprehensive map of protein alterations responsible for pathological development and progression of AF in the heart of patients. Materials and methods In this study, 18 samples (9 with chronic AF and 9 with sinus rhythm) of left atrial appendage (LAA) tissues were obtained during mitral valve replacement surgery. Changes in the quantitative acetylated proteome between the AF and sinus rhythm (SR) groups were studied by dimethyl labeling, acetylation affinity enrichment, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results We identified a total of 5,007 acetylated sites on 1,330 acetylated proteins, among which 352 acetylated sites on 193 acetylated proteins were differentially expressed between the AF and SR groups by setting a quantification ratio of 1.3 for threshold value and P < 0.05 for significant statistical difference. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed acetylated proteins were mainly involved in energy metabolism and cellular contraction and structure function-related biological processes and pathways. Among 87 differentially expressed energy metabolism acetylated proteins related to the processes of fatty acid, carbohydrate, ketone body metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, nearly 87.1% Kac sites were upregulated (148 Kac sites among 170) in the AF group. Besides, generally declining acetylation of cardiac muscle contraction-related proteins (88.9% Kac sites of myosin) was found in the LAA of patients with AF. Immune coprecipitation combined with Western blotting was conducted to validate the differential expression of acetylated proteins. Conclusion Many differentially expressed energy metabolism and cellular contraction acetylated proteins were found in the LAA tissues of patients with chronic AF, and may reflect the impaired ATP production capacity and decreased atrial muscle contractility in the atrium during AF. Thus, acetylation may play an important regulatory role in metabolic and contractile remodeling of the atrium during AF. Moreover, the identified new acetylated sites and proteins may become promising targets for prevention and treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fen Qin,
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baojian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Qiming Liu,
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Muranova LK, Shatov VM, Slushchev AV, Gusev NB. Is the small heat shock protein HSPB7 (cvHsp) a genuine actin-binding protein? Biochimie 2022; 202:103-109. [PMID: 35977674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is postulated that the small heat shock proteins directly interact with actin, affect formation and stabilize actin filaments. To verify this suggestion, we have analyzed interaction of recombinant human small heat shock protein HspB7 with skeletal muscle actin. In blot overlay HspB7 binds both G- and F-actin. The sites of interaction are located in the C-terminal large core domain of actin. In the course of ultracentrifugation F-actin and F-actin/tropomyosin complexes were pelleted and trapped HspB7. However, HspB7 pelleting was nonspecific and saturation was not achieved even at very high HspB7 concentration. HspB7 was unable to retard or prevent heat-induced F-actin aggregation. Native gel electrophoresis and chemical crosslinking failed to detect interaction of G-actin with HspB7, although both these methods clearly demonstrated formation of complexes formed by G-actin with DNAse I and cofilin-2. It is concluded that HspB7 is not a genuine actin-binding protein and its effect on actin filaments seems to be determined by interaction of HspB7 with minor regulatory proteins of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav M Shatov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Slushchev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation.
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8
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Muranova LK, Shatov VM, Gusev NB. Role of Small Heat Shock Proteins in the Remodeling of Actin Microfilaments. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:800-811. [PMID: 36171660 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play an important role in the maintenance of proteome stability and, particularly, in stabilization of the cytoskeleton and cell contractile apparatus. Cell exposure to different types of stress is accompanied by the translocation of sHsps onto actin filaments; therefore, it is commonly believed that the sHsps are true actin-binding proteins. Investigations of last years have shown that this assumption is incorrect. Stress-induced translocation of sHsp to actin filaments is not the result of direct interaction of these proteins with intact actin, but results from the chaperone-like activity of sHsps and their interaction with various actin-binding proteins. HspB1 and HspB5 interact with giant elastic proteins titin and filamin thus providing an integrity of the contractile apparatus and its proper localization in the cell. HspB6 binds to the universal adapter protein 14-3-3 and only indirectly affects the structure of actin filament. HspB7 interacts with filamin C and controls actin filament assembly. HspB8 forms tight complex with the universal regulatory and adapter protein Bag3 and participates in the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) of actin-binding proteins (e.g., filamin), as well as in the actin-depending processes taking place in mitoses. Hence, the mechanisms of sHsp participation in the maintenance of the contractile apparatus and cytoskeleton are much more complicated and diverse than it has been postulated earlier and are not limited to direct interactions of sHsps with actin. The old hypothesis on the direct binding of sHsps to intact actin should be revised and further detailed investigation on the sHsp interaction with minor proteins participating in the formation and remodeling of actin filaments is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Shatov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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9
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Xintarakou A, Tzeis S, Psarras S, Asvestas D, Vardas P. Atrial fibrosis as a dominant factor for the development of atrial fibrillation: facts and gaps. Europace 2021; 22:342-351. [PMID: 31998939 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most commonly diagnosed arrhythmia, affects a notable percentage of the population and constitutes a major risk factor for thromboembolic events and other heart-related conditions. Fibrosis plays an important role in the onset and perpetuation of AF through structural and electrical remodelling processes. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in atrial substrate modification and the subsequent maintenance of AF. In this review, we aim to recapitulate underlying molecular pathways leading to atrial fibrosis and to indicate existing gaps in the complex interplay of atrial fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stylianos Tzeis
- Cardiology Department, Mitera General Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Asvestas
- Cardiology Department, Mitera General Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Vardas
- Heart Sector, Hygeia Hospitals Group, 5, Erithrou Stavrou, Marousi, Athens 15123, Greece
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10
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Kurre D, Suguna K. Network of Entamoeba histolytica HSP18.5 dimers formed by two overlapping [IV]-X-[IV] motifs. Proteins 2021; 89:1039-1054. [PMID: 33792100 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ATP-independent molecular chaperones with low molecular weight that prevent the aggregation of proteins during stress conditions and maintain protein homeostasis in the cell. sHSPs exist in dynamic equilibrium as a mixture of oligomers of various sizes with a constant exchange of subunits between them. Many sHSPs form cage-like assemblies that may dissociate into smaller oligomers during stress conditions. We carried out the functional and structural characterization of a small heat shock protein, HSP18.5, from Entamoeba histolytica (EhHSP18.5). It showed a pH-dependent change in its oligomeric state, which varied from a tetramer to larger than 48-mer. EhHSP18.5 protected Nde I and lysozyme substrates from temperature and chemical stresses, respectively. The crystal structure of EhHSP18.5 was determined at a resolution of 3.28 Å in C2221 cell with four subunits in the asymmetric unit forming two non-metazoan sHSP-type dimers. Unlike the reported cage-like structures, EhHSP18.5 formed a network of linear chains of molecules in the crystal. Instead of a single [IV]-X-[IV] motif, EhHSP18.5 has two overlapping I/V-X-I/V sequences at the C-terminus giving rise to novel interactions between the dimers. Negative staining Electron Microscopy images of EhHSP18.5 showed the presence of multiple oligomers: closed structures of various sizes and long tube-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshu Kurre
- Molecular Biophysics unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kaza Suguna
- Molecular Biophysics unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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van Wijk SW, Ramos KS, Brundel BJJM. Cardioprotective Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Atrial Fibrillation: From Mechanism of Action to Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010442. [PMID: 33466228 PMCID: PMC7795054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with ischemic stroke, heart failure, and substantial morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, current AF therapy is only moderately effective and does not prevent AF progression from recurrent intermittent episodes (paroxysmal) to persistent and finally permanent AF. It has been recognized that AF persistence is related to the presence of electropathology. Electropathology is defined as structural damage, including degradation of sarcomere structures, in the atrial tissue which, in turn, impairs electrical conduction and subsequently the contractile function of atrial cardiomyocytes. Recent research findings indicate that derailed proteostasis underlies structural damage and, consequently, electrical conduction impairment. A healthy proteostasis is of vital importance for proper function of cells, including cardiomyocytes. Cells respond to a loss of proteostatic control by inducing a heat shock response (HSR), which results in heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Emerging clinical evidence indicates that AF-induced proteostasis derailment is rooted in exhaustion of HSPs. Cardiomyocytes lose defense against structural damage-inducing pathways, which drives progression of AF and induction of HSP expression. In particular, small HSPB1 conserves sarcomere structures by preventing their degradation by proteases, and overexpression of HSPB1 accelerates recovery from structural damage in experimental AF model systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of HSPs in preventing AF and discuss the therapeutic potential of HSP-inducing compounds in clinical AF, as well as the potential of HSPs as biomarkers to discriminate between the various stages of AF and recurrence of AF after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan W. van Wijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kennedy S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
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12
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Collier MP, Benesch JLP. Small heat-shock proteins and their role in mechanical stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:601-613. [PMID: 32253742 PMCID: PMC7332611 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to respond to stress is central to health. Stress can damage folded proteins, which are vulnerable to even minor changes in cellular conditions. To maintain proteostasis, cells have developed an intricate network in which molecular chaperones are key players. The small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a widespread family of molecular chaperones, and some sHSPs are prominent in muscle, where cells and proteins must withstand high levels of applied force. sHSPs have long been thought to act as general interceptors of protein aggregation. However, evidence is accumulating that points to a more specific role for sHSPs in protecting proteins from mechanical stress. Here, we briefly introduce the sHSPs and outline the evidence for their role in responses to mechanical stress. We suggest that sHSPs interact with mechanosensitive proteins to regulate physiological extension and contraction cycles. It is likely that further study of these interactions - enabled by the development of experimental methodologies that allow protein contacts to be studied under the application of mechanical force - will expand our understanding of the activity and functions of sHSPs, and of the roles played by chaperones in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda P Collier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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13
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Role of HDACs in cardiac electropathology: Therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction Underlies Cardiomyocyte Remodeling in Experimental and Clinical Atrial Fibrillation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101202. [PMID: 31590355 PMCID: PMC6829298 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common progressive tachyarrhythmia, results in structural remodeling which impairs electrical activation of the atria, rendering them increasingly permissive to the arrhythmia. Previously, we reported on endoplasmic reticulum stress and NAD+ depletion in AF, suggesting a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in AF progression. Here, we examined mitochondrial function in experimental model systems for AF (tachypaced HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes and Drosophila melanogaster) and validated findings in clinical AF. Tachypacing of HL-1 cardiomyocytes progressively induces mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by impairment of mitochondrial Ca2+-handling, upregulation of mitochondrial stress chaperones and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration and ATP production. Atrial biopsies from AF patients display mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by aberrant ATP levels, upregulation of a mitochondrial stress chaperone and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction is substantiated by the attenuation of AF remodeling by preventing an increased mitochondrial Ca2+-influx through partial blocking or downregulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and by SS31, a compound that improves bioenergetics in mitochondria. Together, these results show that conservation of the mitochondrial function protects against tachypacing-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling and identify this organelle as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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15
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Wijnker PJ, Sequeira V, Kuster DW, van der Velden J. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Vicious Cycle Triggered by Sarcomere Mutations and Secondary Disease Hits. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:318-358. [PMID: 29490477 PMCID: PMC6602117 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and myocardial disarray. Disease onset occurs between 20 and 50 years of age, thus affecting patients in the prime of their life. HCM is caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins, the contractile building blocks of the heart. Despite increased knowledge of causal mutations, the exact path from genetic defect leading to cardiomyopathy is complex and involves additional disease hits. Recent Advances: Laboratory-based studies indicate that HCM development not only depends on the primary sarcomere impairment caused by the mutation but also on secondary disease-related alterations in the heart. Here we propose a vicious mutation-induced disease cycle, in which a mutation-induced energy depletion alters cellular metabolism with increased mitochondrial work, which triggers secondary disease modifiers that will worsen disease and ultimately lead to end-stage HCM. Critical Issues: Evidence shows excessive cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCM patients and HCM animal models. Oxidative stress markers are increased in the heart (oxidized proteins, DNA, and lipids) and serum of HCM patients. In addition, increased mitochondrial ROS production and changes in endogenous antioxidants are reported in HCM. Mutant sarcomeric protein may drive excessive levels of cardiac ROS via changes in cardiac efficiency and metabolism, mitochondrial activation and/or dysfunction, impaired protein quality control, and microvascular dysfunction. Future Directions: Interventions restoring metabolism, mitochondrial function, and improved ROS balance may be promising therapeutic approaches. We discuss the effects of current HCM pharmacological therapies and potential future therapies to prevent and reverse HCM. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 318-358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J.M. Wijnker
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W.D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Heat shock protein inducer GGA*-59 reverses contractile and structural remodeling via restoration of the microtubule network in experimental Atrial Fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:86-97. [PMID: 31302117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common progressive tachyarrhythmia. AF progression is driven by abnormalities in electrical impulse formation and contractile function due to structural remodeling of cardiac tissue. Previous reports indicate that structural remodeling is rooted in derailment of protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a critical role in facilitating proteostasis. Hence, the HSP-inducing compound geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) and its derivatives protect against proteostasis derailment in experimental models for AF. Whether these compounds also accelerate reversibility from structural remodeling in tachypaced cardiomyocytes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the potent HSP inducer GGA*-59 restores structural remodeling and contractile dysfunction in tachypaced cardiomyocytes and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND RESULTS HL-1 cardiomyocytes post-treated with GGA*-59 or recombinant HSPB1 (rcHSPB1) revealed increased levels of HSPB1 expression and accelerated recovery from tachypacing (TP)-induced calcium transient (CaT) loss compared to non-treated cardiomyocytes. In addition, protein levels of the microtubule protein (acetylated) α-tubulin, and contractile proteins cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT) were reduced after TP and significantly recovered by GGA*-59 or rcHSPB1 post-treatment. The mRNA levels of α-tubulin encoding genes, but not cardiac troponin genes, were reduced upon TP and during recovery, but significantly enhanced by GGA*-59 and rcHSPB1 post-treatment. In addition, TP increased calpain activity, which remained increased during recovery and GGA*-59 post-treatment. However, HDAC6 activity, which deacetylates α-tubulin resulting in microtubule disruption, was significantly increased after TP and during recovery, but normalized to control levels by GGA*-59 or rcHSPB1 post-treatment in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that the HSP inducer GGA*-59 and recombinant HSPB1 accelerate recovery from TP-induced structural remodeling and contractile dysfunction in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. GGA*-59 increases HSPB1 levels, represses HDAC6 activity and restores contractile protein and microtubule levels after TP, indicating that HSP-induction is an interesting target to accelerate recovery from AF-induced remodeling.
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Zhang D, Hu X, Li J, Liu J, Baks-Te Bulte L, Wiersma M, Malik NUA, van Marion DMS, Tolouee M, Hoogstra-Berends F, Lanters EAH, van Roon AM, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA, de Groot NMS, Henning RH, Brundel BJJM. DNA damage-induced PARP1 activation confers cardiomyocyte dysfunction through NAD + depletion in experimental atrial fibrillation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1307. [PMID: 30898999 PMCID: PMC6428932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical tachyarrhythmia with a strong tendency to progress in time. AF progression is driven by derailment of protein homeostasis, which ultimately causes contractile dysfunction of the atria. Here we report that tachypacing-induced functional loss of atrial cardiomyocytes is precipitated by excessive poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation in response to oxidative DNA damage. PARP1-mediated synthesis of ADP-ribose chains in turn depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), induces further DNA damage and contractile dysfunction. Accordingly, NAD+ replenishment or PARP1 depletion precludes functional loss. Moreover, inhibition of PARP1 protects against tachypacing-induced NAD+ depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage and contractile dysfunction in atrial cardiomyocytes and Drosophila. Consistently, cardiomyocytes of persistent AF patients show significant DNA damage, which correlates with PARP1 activity. The findings uncover a mechanism by which tachypacing impairs cardiomyocyte function and implicates PARP1 as a possible therapeutic target that may preserve cardiomyocyte function in clinical AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luciënne Baks-Te Bulte
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noor-Ul-Ann Malik
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise M S van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marziyeh Tolouee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A H Lanters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie M van Roon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M S de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fang X, Bogomolovas J, Trexler C, Chen J. The BAG3-dependent and -independent roles of cardiac small heat shock proteins. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126464. [PMID: 30830872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise an important protein family that is ubiquitously expressed, is highly conserved among species, and has emerged as a critical regulator of protein folding. While these proteins are functionally important for a variety of tissues, an emerging field of cardiovascular research reveals sHSPs are also extremely important for maintaining normal cardiac function and regulating the cardiac stress response. Notably, numerous mutations in genes encoding sHSPs have been associated with multiple cardiac diseases. sHSPs (HSPB5, HSPB6, and HSPB8) have been described as mediating chaperone functions within the heart by interacting with the cochaperone protein BCL-2-associated anthanogene 3 (BAG3); however, recent reports indicate that sHSPs (HSPB7) can perform other BAG3-independent functions. Here, we summarize the cardiac functions of sHSPs and present the notion that cardiac sHSPs function via BAG3-dependent or -independent pathways.
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van der Velden J, Stienen GJM. Cardiac Disorders and Pathophysiology of Sarcomeric Proteins. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:381-426. [PMID: 30379622 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric proteins represent the structural building blocks of heart muscle, which are essential for contraction and relaxation. During recent years, it has become evident that posttranslational modifications of sarcomeric proteins, in particular phosphorylation, tune cardiac pump function at rest and during exercise. This delicate, orchestrated interaction is also influenced by mutations, predominantly in sarcomeric proteins, which cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we follow a bottom-up approach starting from a description of the basic components of cardiac muscle at the molecular level up to the various forms of cardiac disorders at the organ level. An overview is given of sarcomere changes in acquired and inherited forms of cardiac disease and the underlying disease mechanisms with particular reference to human tissue. A distinction will be made between the primary defect and maladaptive/adaptive secondary changes. Techniques used to unravel functional consequences of disease-induced protein changes are described, and an overview of current and future treatments targeted at sarcomeric proteins is given. The current evidence presented suggests that sarcomeres not only form the basis of cardiac muscle function but also represent a therapeutic target to combat cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ger J M Stienen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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20
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Sung JH, Song A, Park T, Kim E, Lee S. The Different Expression Patterns of HSP22, a Late Embryogenesis Abundant-like Protein, in Hypertrophic H9C2 Cells Induced by NaCl and Angiotensin II. Electrolyte Blood Press 2018; 16:1-10. [PMID: 30046328 PMCID: PMC6051945 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2018.16.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-NaCl diet is a contributing factor for cardiac hypertrophy. The role of HSP22 as a protective protein during cardiac hypertrophy due to hypernatremia is unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to establish a cellular hypernatremic H9C2 model and to compare the expression of HSP22 in Ca2+ homeostasis between a high-NaCl and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic cellular H9C2 model. Methods Real-time PCR was performed to compare the mRNA expression. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the cells. Results The addition of 30 mM NaCl for 48 h was the most effective condition for the induction of hypertrophic H9C2 cells (termed the in vitro hypernatremic model). Cardiac cellular hypertrophy was induced with 30 mM NaCl and 1 µM angiotensin II for 48 h, without causing abnormal morphological changes or cytotoxicity of the culture conditions. HSP22 contains a similar domain to that found in the consensus sequences of the late embryogenesis abundant protein group 3 from Artemia. The expression of HSP22 gradually decreased in the in vitro hypernatremic model. In contrast to the in vitro hypernatremic model, HSP22 increased after exposure to angiotensin II for 48 h. Intracellular Ca2+ decreased in the angiotensin II model and further decreased in the in vitro hypernatremic model. Impaired intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was more evident in the in vitro hypernatremic model. Conclusion The results showed that NaCl significantly decreased HSP22. Decreased HSP22, due to the hypernatremic condition, affected the Ca2+ homeostasis in the H9C2 cells. Therefore, hypernatremia induces cellular hypertrophy via impaired Ca2+ homeostasis. The additional mechanisms of HSP22 need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwi Sung
- Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahran Song
- Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taegun Park
- Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunggwan Lee
- Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Meijering RAM, Wiersma M, Zhang D, Lanters EAH, Hoogstra-Berends F, Scholma J, Diks S, Qi X, de Groot NMS, Nattel S, Henning RH, Brundel BJJM. Application of kinomic array analysis to screen for altered kinases in atrial fibrillation remodeling. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:1708-1716. [PMID: 29902583 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of protein kinase-mediated signaling is an early event in many diseases, including the most common clinical cardiac arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF). Kinomic profiling represents a promising technique to identify candidate kinases. OBJECTIVE In this study we used kinomic profiling to identify kinases altered in AF remodeling using atrial tissue from a canine model of AF (atrial tachypacing). METHODS Left atrial tissue obtained in a previous canine study was used for kinomic array (containing 1024 kinase pseudosubstrates) analysis. Three groups of dogs were included: nonpaced controls and atrial tachypaced dogs, which were contrasted with geranylgeranylacetone-treated dogs with AF, which are protected from AF promotion, to enhance specificity of detection of putative kinases. RESULTS While tachypacing changed activity of 50 kinases, 40 of these were prevented by geranylgeranylacetone and involved in differentiation and proliferation (SRC), contraction, metabolism, immunity, development, cell cycle (CDK4), and survival (Akt). Inhibitors of Akt (MK2206) and CDK4 (PD0332991) and overexpression of a dominant-negative CDK4 phosphorylation mutant protected against tachypacing-induced contractile dysfunction in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, patients with AF show down- and upregulation of SRC and Akt phosphorylation, respectively, similar to findings of the kinome array. CONCLUSION Contrasting kinomic array analyses of controls and treated subjects offer a versatile tool to identify kinases altered in atrial remodeling owing to tachypacing, which include Akt, CDK4, and SRC. Ultimately, pharmacological targeting of altered kinases may offer novel therapeutic possibilities to treat clinical AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelien A M Meijering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A H Lanters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jetse Scholma
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Diks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Beatrix Children's hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - XiaoYan Qi
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Exploring the multifaceted roles of heat shock protein B8 (HSPB8) in diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:216-229. [PMID: 29555102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPB8 is a member of ubiquitous small heat shock protein (sHSP) family, whose expression is induced in response to a wide variety of unfavorable physiological and environmental conditions. Investigation of HSPB8 structure indicated that HSPB8 belongs to the group of so-called intrinsically disordered proteins and possesses a highly flexible structure. Unlike most other sHSPs, HSPB8 tends to form small-molecular-mass oligomers and exhibits substrate-dependent chaperone activity. In cooperation with BAG3, the chaperone activity of HSPB8 was reported to be involved in the delivery of misfolded proteins to the autophagy machinery. Through this way, HSPB8 interferes with pathological processes leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, published studies have identified genetic links between mutations of HSPB8 and some kind of neuromuscular diseases, further supporting its important role in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their anti-aggregation properties, HSPB8 is indicated to interact with a wide range of client proteins, modulating their maturations and activities, and therefore, regulates a large repertoire of cellular functions, including apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and etc. As a result, HSPB8 has key roles in cancer biology, autoimmune diseases, cardiac diseases and cerebral vascular diseases.
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Mercer EJ, Lin YF, Cohen-Gould L, Evans T. Hspb7 is a cardioprotective chaperone facilitating sarcomeric proteostasis. Dev Biol 2018; 435:41-55. [PMID: 29331499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are chaperones with variable mechanisms of action. The function of cardiac family member Hspb7 is unknown, despite being identified through GWAS as a potential cardiomyopathy risk gene. We discovered that zebrafish hspb7 mutants display mild focal cardiac fibrosis and sarcomeric abnormalities. Significant mortality was observed in adult hspb7 mutants subjected to exercise stress, demonstrating a genetic and environmental interaction that determines disease outcome. We identified large sarcomeric proteins FilaminC and Titin as Hspb7 binding partners in cardiac cells. Damaged FilaminC undergoes autophagic processing to maintain sarcomeric homeostasis. Loss of Hspb7 in zebrafish or human cardiomyocytes stimulated autophagic pathways and expression of the sister gene encoding Hspb5. Inhibiting autophagy caused FilaminC aggregation in HSPB7 mutant human cardiomyocytes and developmental cardiomyopathy in hspb7 mutant zebrafish embryos. These studies highlight the importance of damage-processing networks in cardiomyocytes, and a previously unrecognized role in this context for Hspb7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Mercer
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
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Sominsky L, Goularte JF, Andrews ZB, Spencer SJ. Acylated Ghrelin Supports the Ovarian Transcriptome and Follicles in the Mouse: Implications for Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 30697193 PMCID: PMC6340924 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, an orexigenic gut-derived peptide, is gaining increasing attention due to its multifaceted role in a number of physiological functions, including reproduction. Ghrelin exists in circulation primarily as des-acylated and acylated ghrelin. Des-acyl ghrelin, until recently considered to be an inactive form of ghrelin, is now known to have independent physiological functionality. However, the relative contribution of acyl and des-acyl ghrelin to reproductive development and function is currently unknown. Here we used ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) knockout (KO) mice that have no measurable levels of endogenous acyl ghrelin and chronically high levels of des-acyl ghrelin, to characterize how the developmental and life-long absence of acyl ghrelin affects ovarian development and reproductive capacity. We combined the assessment of markers of reproductive maturity and the capacity to breed with measures of ovarian morphometry, as well as with ovarian RNA sequencing analysis. Our data show that while GOAT KO mice retain the capacity to breed in young adulthood, there is a diminished number of ovarian follicles (per mm3) in the juvenile and adult ovaries, due to a significant reduction in the number of small follicles, particularly the primordial follicles. We also show pronounced specific changes in the ovarian transcriptome in the juvenile GOAT KO ovary, indicative of a potential for premature ovarian development. Collectively, these findings indicate that an absence of acyl ghrelin does not prevent reproductive success but that appropriate levels of acyl and des-acyl ghrelin may be necessary for optimal ovarian maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Luba Sominsky
| | - Jeferson F. Goularte
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zane B. Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Gouveia M, Xia K, Colón W, Vieira SI, Ribeiro F. Protein aggregation, cardiovascular diseases, and exercise training: Where do we stand? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 28757291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells ensure their protein quality control through the proteostasis network. Aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, have been associated to the reduction of proteostasis network efficiency and, consequently, to the accumulation of protein misfolded aggregates. The decline in protein homeostasis has been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Exercise training is a key component of the management of patients with cardiovascular disease, consistently improving quality of life and prognosis. In this review, we give an overview on age-related protein aggregation, the role of the increase of misfolded protein aggregates on cardiovascular pathophysiology, and describe the beneficial or deleterious effects of the proteostasis network on the development of cardiovascular disease. We subsequently discuss how exercise training, a key lifestyle intervention in those with cardiovascular disease, could restore proteostasis and improve disease status.
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26
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Wiersma M, Meijering RAM, Qi XY, Zhang D, Liu T, Hoogstra-Berends F, Sibon OCM, Henning RH, Nattel S, Brundel BJJM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Associated With Autophagy and Cardiomyocyte Remodeling in Experimental and Human Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006458. [PMID: 29066441 PMCID: PMC5721854 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Derailment of proteostasis, the homeostasis of production, function, and breakdown of proteins, contributes importantly to the self-perpetuating nature of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart rhythm disorder in humans. Autophagy plays an important role in proteostasis by degrading aberrant proteins and organelles. Herein, we investigated the role of autophagy and its activation pathway in experimental and clinical AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Tachypacing of HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes causes a gradual and significant activation of autophagy, as evidenced by enhanced LC3B-II expression, autophagic flux and autophagosome formation, and degradation of p62, resulting in reduction of Ca2+ amplitude. Autophagy is activated downstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress: blocking ER stress by the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyrate, overexpression of the ER chaperone-protein heat shock protein A5, or overexpression of a phosphorylation-blocked mutant of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) prevents autophagy activation and Ca2+-transient loss in tachypaced HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress in tachypaced Drosophila confirms its role in derailing cardiomyocyte function. In vivo treatment with sodium salt of phenyl butyrate protected atrial-tachypaced dog cardiomyocytes from electrical remodeling (action potential duration shortening, L-type Ca2+-current reduction), cellular Ca2+-handling/contractile dysfunction, and ER stress and autophagy; it also attenuated AF progression. Finally, atrial tissue from patients with persistent AF reveals activation of autophagy and induction of ER stress, which correlates with markers of cardiomyocyte damage. CONCLUSIONS These results identify ER stress-associated autophagy as an important pathway in AF progression and demonstrate the potential therapeutic action of the ER-stress inhibitor 4-phenyl butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelien A M Meijering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ody C M Sibon
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Rüdebusch J, Benkner A, Poesch A, Dörr M, Völker U, Grube K, Hammer E, Felix SB. Dynamic adaptation of myocardial proteome during heart failure development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185915. [PMID: 28973020 PMCID: PMC5626523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) development is characterized by huge structural changes that are crucial for disease progression. Analysis of time dependent global proteomic adaptations during HF progression offers the potential to gain deeper insights in the disease development and identify new biomarker candidates. Therefore, hearts of TAC (transverse aortic constriction) and sham mice were examined by cardiac MRI on either day 4, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 after surgery (n = 6 per group/time point). At each time point, proteomes of the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) of TAC and sham mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). In TAC mice, systolic LV heart function worsened from day 4 to day 14, remained on a stable level from day 14 to day 42, and showed a further pronounced decline at day 56. MS analysis identified in the LV 330 and in RV 246 proteins with altered abundance over time (TAC vs. sham, fc≥±2). Functional categorization of proteins disclosed the time-dependent alteration of different pathways. Heat shock protein beta-7 (HSPB7) displayed differences in abundance in tissue and serum at an early stage of HF. This study not only provides an overview of the time dependent molecular alterations during transition to HF, but also identified HSPB7 as a novel blood biomarker candidate for the onset of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rüdebusch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkner
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Poesch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karina Grube
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
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28
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Liao WC, Juo LY, Shih YL, Chen YH, Yan YT. HSPB7 prevents cardiac conduction system defect through maintaining intercalated disc integrity. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006984. [PMID: 28827800 PMCID: PMC5587339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPB7 is a member of the small heat-shock protein (HSPB) family and is expressed in the cardiomyocytes from cardiogenesis onwards. A dramatic increase in HSPB7 is detected in the heart and blood plasma immediately after myocardial infarction. Additionally, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms of HSPB7 have been identified to be associated with heart failure caused by cardiomyopathy in human patients. Although a recent study has shown that HSPB7 is required for maintaining myofiber structure in skeletal muscle, its molecular and physiological functions in the heart remain unclear. In the present study, we generated a cardiac-specific inducible HSPB7 knockout mouse and demonstrated that the loss of HSPB7 in cardiomyocytes results in rapid heart failure and sudden death. The electrocardiogram showed cardiac arrhythmia with abnormal conduction in the HSPB7 mutant mice before death. In HSPB7 CKO cardiomyocytes, no significant defect was detected in the organization of contractile proteins in sarcomeres, but a severe structural disruption was observed in the intercalated discs. The expression of connexin 43, a gap-junction protein located at the intercalated discs, was downregulated in HSPB7 knockout cardiomyocytes. Mislocalization of desmoplakin, and N-cadherin, the intercalated disc proteins, was also observed in the HSPB7 CKO hearts. Furthermore, filamin C, the interaction protein of HSPB7, was upregulated and aggregated in HSPB7 mutant cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our findings characterize HSPB7 as an intercalated disc protein and suggest it has an essential role in maintaining intercalated disc integrity and conduction function in the adult heart. The intercalated disc is an indispensable structure that connects neighboring cardiomyocytes. It is also considered to be a single functional unit for cellular electric, mechanical, and signaling communication to maintain cardiomyocyte rigidity and synchrony. Mutation or defect in intercalated disc components usually results in distortions in the structure of intercalated discs and lethal cardiac abnormalities in patients. In this study, we found that the dynamic expression and subcellular location of HSPB7 are highly associated with intercalated disc component protein, N-cadherin, during the assembly and maturation of intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes. To identify the functional role of HSPB7 in the adult heart, we conducted a loss-of-function study of HSPB7 using a gene conditional knockout approach. We found that the loss of HSPB7 quickly results in the disruption of the intercalated disc structure, decreasing the expression of connexin 43 and mislocalization of N-cadherin and desmoplakin, and further inducing arrhythmic sudden death. In conclusion, our mouse model demonstrates that HSPB7 is required to maintain the structure and function of gap-junction complexes and intercalated discs, which has important implications for human heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern-Chir Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Juo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Hu X, Van Marion DMS, Wiersma M, Zhang D, Brundel BJJM. The protective role of small heat shock proteins in cardiac diseases: key role in atrial fibrillation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:665-674. [PMID: 28484965 PMCID: PMC5465041 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. AF usually progresses from a self-terminating paroxysmal to persistent disease. It has been recognized that AF progression is driven by structural remodeling of cardiomyocytes, which results in electrical and contractile dysfunction of the atria. We recently showed that structural remodeling is rooted in derailment of proteostasis, i.e., homeostasis of protein production, function, and degradation. Since heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in maintaining a healthy proteostasis, the role of HSPs was investigated in AF. It was found that especially small heat shock protein (HSPB) levels get exhausted in atrial tissue of patients with persistent AF and that genetic or pharmacological induction of HSPB protects against cardiomyocyte remodeling in experimental models for AF. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPBs as a potential therapeutic target for normalizing proteostasis and suppressing the substrates for AF progression in experimental and clinical AF and discuss HSP activators as a promising therapy to prevent AF onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise M S Van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Carra S, Alberti S, Arrigo PA, Benesch JL, Benjamin IJ, Boelens W, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Brundel BJJM, Buchner J, Bukau B, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Emanuelsson C, Finet S, Golenhofen N, Goloubinoff P, Gusev N, Haslbeck M, Hightower LE, Kampinga HH, Klevit RE, Liberek K, Mchaourab HS, McMenimen KA, Poletti A, Quinlan R, Strelkov SV, Toth ME, Vierling E, Tanguay RM. The growing world of small heat shock proteins: from structure to functions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:601-611. [PMID: 28364346 PMCID: PMC5465036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are present in all kingdoms of life and play fundamental roles in cell biology. sHSPs are key components of the cellular protein quality control system, acting as the first line of defense against conditions that affect protein homeostasis and proteome stability, from bacteria to plants to humans. sHSPs have the ability to bind to a large subset of substrates and to maintain them in a state competent for refolding or clearance with the assistance of the HSP70 machinery. sHSPs participate in a number of biological processes, from the cell cycle, to cell differentiation, from adaptation to stressful conditions, to apoptosis, and, even, to the transformation of a cell into a malignant state. As a consequence, sHSP malfunction has been implicated in abnormal placental development and preterm deliveries, in the prognosis of several types of cancer, and in the development of neurological diseases. Moreover, mutations in the genes encoding several mammalian sHSPs result in neurological, muscular, or cardiac age-related diseases in humans. Loss of protein homeostasis due to protein aggregation is typical of many age-related neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. In light of the role of sHSPs in the clearance of un/misfolded aggregation-prone substrates, pharmacological modulation of sHSP expression or function and rescue of defective sHSPs represent possible routes to alleviate or cure protein conformation diseases. Here, we report the latest news and views on sHSPs discussed by many of the world's experts in the sHSP field during a dedicated workshop organized in Italy (Bertinoro, CEUB, October 12-15, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick A. Arrigo
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650 USA
| | - Wilbert Boelens
- Biomolecular Chemistry, 284, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John A. Carver
- The Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawara Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Cecilia Emanuelsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Finet
- IMPMC UMR7590, CNRS, UPMC Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | | | - Lawrence E. Hightower
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125 USA
| | - Harm H. Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel E. Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Kathryn A. McMenimen
- Departments of Pathology, Biological Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roy Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences and the Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melinda E. Toth
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Robert M. Tanguay
- Laboratory of Cell & Developmental Genetics, IBIS, and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Medical School, Université Laval, Québec (Qc), G1V 0A6 Canada
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31
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiac diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide, are likely to increase because of population ageing. Prevailing theories about the mechanisms of ageing feature the gradual derailment of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and loss of protein quality control as central factors. In the heart, loss of protein patency, owing to flaws in genetically-determined design or because of environmentally-induced 'wear and tear', can overwhelm protein quality control, thereby triggering derailment of proteostasis and contributing to cardiac ageing. Failure of protein quality control involves impairment of chaperones, ubiquitin-proteosomal systems, autophagy, and loss of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins, all of which relate to induction of cardiomyocyte senescence. Targeting protein quality control to maintain cardiac proteostasis offers a novel therapeutic strategy to promote cardiac health and combat cardiac disease. Currently marketed drugs are available to explore this concept in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Thanigaimani S, Lau DH, Agbaedeng T, Elliott AD, Mahajan R, Sanders P. Molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis: implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 15:247-256. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1299005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas Agbaedeng
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian D. Elliott
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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33
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Tobin SW, Yang D, Girgis J, Farahzad A, Blais A, McDermott JC. Regulation of Hspb7 by MEF2 and AP-1: implications for Hspb7 in muscle atrophy. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4076-4090. [PMID: 27632998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription complexes have been individually implicated in myogenesis, but their genetic interaction has not previously been addressed. Using MEF2A, c-Jun and Fra-1 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data and predicted AP-1 consensus motifs, we identified putative common MEF2 and AP-1 target genes, several of which are implicated in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Because muscle atrophy results in remodelling or degradation of the actin cytoskeleton, we characterized the expression of putative MEF2 and AP-1 target genes (Dstn, Flnc, Hspb7, Lmod3 and Plekhh2) under atrophic conditions using dexamethasone (Dex) treatment in skeletal myoblasts. Heat shock protein b7 (Hspb7) was induced by Dex treatment and further analyses revealed that loss of MEF2A using siRNA prevented Dex-regulated induction of Hspb7. Conversely, ectopic Fra-2 or c-Jun expression reduced Dex-mediated upregulation of Hspb7 whereas AP-1 depletion enhanced Hspb7 expression. In vivo, expression of Hspb7 and other autophagy-related genes was upregulated in response to atrophic conditions in mice. Manipulation of Hspb7 levels in mice also impacted gross muscle mass. Collectively, these data indicate that MEF2 and AP-1 confer antagonistic regulation of Hspb7 gene expression in skeletal muscle, with implications for autophagy and muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wales Tobin
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Dabo Yang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - John Girgis
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Ali Farahzad
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 .,Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.,Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry (CRMS), York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Jee H. Size dependent classification of heat shock proteins: a mini-review. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:255-9. [PMID: 27656620 PMCID: PMC5031383 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632642.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are ubiquitous and abundant within cellular environments, functioning as a defense mechanism against outer environment. The range of molecular chaperones varies from 10 to over 100 kDa. Depending on the size, the specific locations and physiological roles of molecular chaperones vary within the cell. Multifunctionality of heat shock proteins (HSPs) expressed via various cyto-stress including heat shock have been spotlighted as a reliable prognostic target biomarker for therapeutic purpose in neuromuscular disease or cancer related studies. HSP also plays a critical role in the maintenance of proteins and cellular homeostasis in exercise-induced adaptation. Such various functions of HSPs give scientists insights into intracellular protective mechanisms in the living body thus HSPs can be target molecules to know the defense mechanism in cellular environment. Based on experimental results regarding small to large scaled HSPs, this review aims to provide updated important information regarding the modality of responses of intracellular HSPs towards extracellular stimulations. Further, the expressive mechanisms of HSPs data from tremendous in vivo and in vitro studies underlying the enhancement of the functionality of living body will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Juo LY, Liao WC, Shih YL, Yang BY, Liu AB, Yan YT. HSPB7 interacts with dimerized FLNC and its absence results in progressive myopathy in skeletal muscles. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1661-70. [PMID: 26929074 PMCID: PMC4852768 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPB7 belongs to the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) family, and its expression is restricted to cardiac and skeletal muscles from embryonic stages to adulthood. Here, we found that skeletal-muscle-specific ablation of the HspB7 does not affect myogenesis during embryonic stages to postnatal day 1 (P1), but causes subsequent postnatal death owing to a respiration defect, with progressive myopathy phenotypes in the diaphragm. Deficiency of HSPB7 in the diaphragm muscle resulted in muscle fibrosis, sarcomere disarray and sarcolemma integrity loss. We identified dimerized filamin C (FLNC) as an interacting partner of HSPB7. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the aggregation and mislocalization of FLNC occurred in the muscle of HspB7 mutant adult mice. Furthermore, the components of dystrophin glycoprotein complex, γ- and δ-sarcoglycan, but not dystrophin, were abnormally upregulated and mislocalized in HSPB7 mutant muscle. Collectively, our findings suggest that HSPB7 is essential for maintaining muscle integrity, which is achieved through its interaction with FLNC, in order to prevent the occurrence and progression of myopathy. Highlighted Article: HSPB7 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the muscle integrity, possibly through stabilizing the function of FLNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yi Juo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wern-Chir Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ying Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - An-Bang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Tsai FC, Chang GJ, Hsu YJ, Lin YM, Lee YS, Chen WJ, Kuo CT, Yeh YH. Proinflammatory gene expression in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery and maze ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 151:1673-1682.e5. [PMID: 26774166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is difficult to achieve rhythm control in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The radiofrequency maze procedure is an effective means in curing AF with a variable recurrence rate depending on patient characteristics and AF duration. In these patients, the characteristics of the atrial substrate have not been well investigated. Because the inflammatory process has been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of AF, we sought to characterize the proinflammatory gene expression in left atria obtained from patients with AF undergoing mitral valve surgery combined with the maze procedure to distinguish the changes associated with AF and its recurrence after the surgical ablation. METHODS Left atrial appendages from 35 patients receiving mitral valve surgery were used for study. Ten patients had sinus rhythm (SR) and 25 patients had persistent AF for more than 1 year and underwent the maze procedure. Among the AF patients, 13 patients remained in SR (AF-SR) and 12 patients had recurrent AF during the 1-year clinical follow-up (AF-AF). The nCounter Human Inflammation Array (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Wash) was used for evaluating proinflammatory gene expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were applied for studying messenger RNA and protein expression. RESULTS Of 144 expressed proinflammatory genes, the inflammation array analysis revealed that 32 genes were differentially expressed between AF (including AF-SR and AF-AF) and SR. Thirteen genes were differentially expressed between AF-SR and AF-AF. The array and quantitative polymerase chain reaction produced parallel results in analyzing the expression of particular genes. Concordant with the gene expression difference between AF and SR patients, rapid pacing increased the expressions of SHC1, RHOA, PDGFA, and TRAF2 in HL-1 myocytes, implicating a causative effect of tachyarrhythmia on these genes. Compared with AF-SR, AF-AF expressed more intense oxidative stress, upregulations of collagen, transforming growth factor beta 1, and intranuclear nuclear factor of activated T-cells. Regression analysis showed that increased left atrial diameter was associated with the expression of RHOA and STAT1. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression profiles of proflammatory genes were presented between SR and AF and between maintained SR and recurrent AF after the maze procedure. The identified inflammatory molecules associated with AF and failed surgical ablation may provide clues for developing new potential therapeutic targets to improve AF rhythm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Tsai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Min Lin
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Kuo
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zhang D, Hu X, Henning RH, Brundel BJJM. Keeping up the balance: role of HDACs in cardiac proteostasis and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:519-26. [PMID: 26645980 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are long-lived post-mitotic cells with limited regenerative capacity. Proper cardiomyocyte function depends critically on the maintenance of a healthy homeostasis of protein expression, folding, assembly, trafficking, function, and degradation, together commonly referred to as proteostasis. Impairment of proteostasis has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. Emerging evidence reveals also a role for impaired proteostasis in the pathophysiology of common human cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathies, and atrial fibrillation (AF). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently been recognized as key modulators which control cardiac proteostasis by deacetylating various proteins. By deacetylating chromatin proteins, including histones, HDACs modulate epigenetic regulation of pathological gene expression. Also, HDACs exert a broad range of functions outside the nucleus by deacetylating structural and contractile proteins. The cytosolic actions of HDACs result in changed protein function through post-translational modifications and/or modulation of their degradation. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the derailment of proteostasis in AF and subsequently focuses on the role of HDACs herein. In addition, the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibition to maintain a healthy proteostasis resulting in a delay in AF onset and progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30 001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30 001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30 001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30 001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Marion DMS, Lanters EAH, Wiersma M, Allessie MA, Brundel BBJJM, de Groot NMS. Diagnosis and Therapy of Atrial Fibrillation: The Past, The Present and The Future. J Atr Fibrillation 2015; 8:1216. [PMID: 27957185 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia. It is a progressive disease, which makes treatment difficult. The progression of AF is caused by the accumulation of damage in cardiomyocytes which makes the atria more vulnerable for AF. Especially structural remodeling and electrical remodeling, together called electropathology are sustainable in the atria and impair functional recovery to sinus rhythm after cardioversion. The exact electropathological mechanisms underlying persistence of AF are at present unknown. High resolution wavemapping studies in patients with different types of AF showed that longitudinal dissociation in conduction and epicardial breakthrough were the key elements of the substrate of longstanding persistent AF. A double layer of electrically dissociated waves propagating transmurally can explain persistence of AF (Double Layer Hypothesis) but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Derailment of proteasis -defined as the homeostasis in protein synthesis, folding, assembly, trafficking, guided by chaperones, and clearance by protein degradation systems - may play an important role in remodeling of the cardiomyocyte. As current therapies are not effective in attenuating AF progression, step-by-step analysis of this process, in order to identify potential targets for drug therapy, is essential. In addition, novel mapping approaches enabling assessment of the degree of electropathology in the individual patient are mandatory to develop patient-tailored therapies. The aims of this review are to 1) summarize current knowledge of the electrical and molecular mechanisms underlying AF 2) discuss the shortcomings of present diagnostic instruments and therapeutic options and 3) to present potential novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M S van Marion
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A H Lanters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A Allessie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca B J J M Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M S de Groot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Meijering RAM, Wiersma M, van Marion DMS, Zhang D, Hoogstra-Berends F, Dijkhuis AJ, Schmidt M, Wieland T, Kampinga HH, Henning RH, Brundel BJJM. RhoA Activation Sensitizes Cells to Proteotoxic Stimuli by Abrogating the HSF1-Dependent Heat Shock Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133553. [PMID: 26193369 PMCID: PMC4508109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heat shock response (HSR) is an ancient and highly conserved program of stress-induced gene expression, aimed at reestablishing protein homeostasis to preserve cellular fitness. Cells that fail to activate or maintain this protective response are hypersensitive to proteotoxic stress. The HSR is mediated by the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), which binds to conserved heat shock elements (HSE) in the promoter region of heat shock genes, resulting in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Recently, we observed that hyperactivation of RhoA conditions cardiomyocytes for the cardiac arrhythmia atrial fibrillation. Also, the HSR is annihilated in atrial fibrillation, and induction of HSR mitigates sensitization of cells to this disease. Therefore, we hypothesized active RhoA to suppress the HSR resulting in sensitization of cells for proteotoxic stimuli. METHODS AND RESULTS Stimulation of RhoA activity significantly suppressed the proteotoxic stress-induced HSR in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes as determined with a luciferase reporter construct driven by the HSF1 regulated human HSP70 (HSPA1A) promoter and HSP protein expression by Western Blot analysis. Inversely, RhoA inhibition boosted the proteotoxic stress-induced HSR. While active RhoA did not preclude HSF1 nuclear accumulation, phosphorylation, acetylation, or sumoylation, it did impair binding of HSF1 to the hsp genes promoter element HSE. Impaired binding results in suppression of HSP expression and sensitized cells to proteotoxic stress. CONCLUSION These results reveal that active RhoA negatively regulates the HSR via attenuation of the HSF1-HSE binding and thus may play a role in sensitizing cells to proteotoxic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelien A. M. Meijering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise M. S. van Marion
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Jan Dijkhuis
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harm H. Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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The future of atrial fibrillation therapy: intervention on heat shock proteins influencing electropathology is the next in line. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:327-33. [PMID: 25947079 PMCID: PMC4446279 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia accounting for one-third of hospitalisations. Treatment of AF is difficult, which is rooted in the progressive nature of electrical and structural remodelling, called electropathology, which makes the atria more vulnerable for AF. Importantly, structural damage of the myocardium is already present when AF is diagnosed for the first time. Currently, no effective therapy is known that can resolve this damage. Previously, we observed that exhaustion of cardioprotective heat shock proteins (HSPs) contributes to structural damage in AF patients. Also, boosting of HSPs, by the heat shock factor-1 activator geranylgeranylacetone, halted AF initiation and progression in experimental cardiomyocyte and dog models for AF. However, it is still unclear whether induction of HSPs also prolongs the arrhythmia-free interval after, for example, cardioversion of AF. In this review, we discuss the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of AF and give an outline of the HALT&REVERSE project, initiated by the HALT&REVERSE Consortium and the AF Innovation Platform. This project will elucidate whether HSPs (1) reverse cardiomyocyte electropathology and thereby halt AF initiation and progression and (2) represent novel biomarkers that predict the outcome of AF conversion and/or occurrence of post-surgery AF.
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the development of preventative therapies for AF has been disappointing. The infiltration of immune cells and proteins that mediate the inflammatory response in cardiac tissue and circulatory processes is associated with AF. Furthermore, the presence of inflammation in the heart or systemic circulation can predict the onset of AF and recurrence in the general population, as well as in patients after cardiac surgery, cardioversion, and catheter ablation. Mediators of the inflammatory response can alter atrial electrophysiology and structural substrates, thereby leading to increased vulnerability to AF. Inflammation also modulates calcium homeostasis and connexins, which are associated with triggers of AF and heterogeneous atrial conduction. Myolysis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the activation of fibrotic pathways via fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteases are also mediated by inflammatory pathways, which can all contribute to structural remodelling of the atria. The development of thromboembolism, a detrimental complication of AF, is also associated with inflammatory activity. Understanding the complex pathophysiological processes and dynamic changes of AF-associated inflammation might help to identify specific anti-inflammatory strategies for the prevention of AF.
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Arrigo AP, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Gibert B. Immense Cellular Implications Associated to Small Stress Proteins Expression: Impacts on Human Pathologies. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Guilbert SM, Varlet AA, Fuchs M, Lambert H, Landry J, Lavoie JN. Regulation of Actin-Based Structure Dynamics by HspB Proteins and Partners. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wu W, Lu Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Jiang H, Li Y. Decreased Cardiac Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2015; 31:1-7. [PMID: 27122840 DOI: 10.6515/acs20140526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) between rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and RHD patients without AF, and its efficacy in predicting the occurrence of AF in RHD patients. METHODS Ninety-five patients were enrolled in our study, including 60 RHD patients with AF, and 35 RHD patients without AF. The baseline characteristics of the patients such as gender, age, AF duration, left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction were collected, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high-sensitivity C-reaction protein were measured from all patients. Tissue samples were obtained from the right atrial appendage during open-heart surgery and then detected using immunohistochemical methods and Western blot with HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 antibodies. RESULTS Compared with RHD patients without AF, the density of HSP27 positive protein in RHD patients with AF was significantly lower. The density of HSP60, HSP70 or HSP90 antibodies did not indicate significant difference between the two groups. Use of the Western blot experiment showed consistent results with immunohistochemical staining. In RHD patients with AF, the expression level of HSP27 protein was negatively associated with AF duration and left atrial diameter. Left atrial enlargement and low expression of HSP27 were the independent predictors of AF. CONCLUSIONS The decreased expression level of HSP27 is associated with AF in RHD patients. KEY WORDS Atrial fibrillation; Heat shock protein; Rheumatic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan; ; Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Huangshi, Huangshi
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Huangshi, Huangshi
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
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Deo RC, Musso G, Tasan M, Tang P, Poon A, Yuan C, Felix JF, Vasan RS, Beroukhim R, De Marco T, Kwok PY, MacRae CA, Roth FP. Prioritizing causal disease genes using unbiased genomic features. Genome Biol 2014; 15:534. [PMID: 25633252 PMCID: PMC4279789 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Human genetic studies, including genome-wide sequencing and SNP-array approaches, promise to reveal disease genes and mechanisms representing new therapeutic targets. In practice, however, identification of the actual genes contributing to disease pathogenesis has lagged behind identification of associated loci, thus limiting the clinical benefits. RESULTS To aid in localizing causal genes, we develop a machine learning approach, Objective Prioritization for Enhanced Novelty (OPEN), which quantitatively prioritizes gene-disease associations based on a diverse group of genomic features. This approach uses only unbiased predictive features and thus is not hampered by a preference towards previously well-characterized genes. We demonstrate success in identifying genetic determinants for CVD-related traits, including cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and conduction system and cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Using OPEN, we prioritize genes, including FLNC, for association with increased left ventricular diameter, which is a defining feature of a prevalent cardiovascular disorder, dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM. Using a zebrafish model, we experimentally validate FLNC and identify a novel FLNC splice-site mutation in a patient with severe DCM. CONCLUSION Our approach stands to assist interpretation of large-scale genetic studies without compromising their fundamentally unbiased nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul C Deo
- />Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- />Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- />Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- />California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- />Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gabriel Musso
- />Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Murat Tasan
- />Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Paul Tang
- />Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Annie Poon
- />Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Christiana Yuan
- />Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Janine F Felix
- />Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- />Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- />Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702 USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- />Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Teresa De Marco
- />Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- />Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- />Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- />Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Frederick P Roth
- />Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- />The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8 Canada
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Mitra A, Basak T, Ahmad S, Datta K, Datta R, Sengupta S, Sarkar S. Comparative Proteome Profiling during Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myocardial Infarction Reveals Altered Glucose Oxidation by Differential Activation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Component Subunit β. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:2104-20. [PMID: 25451023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction (MI) are two etiologically different disease forms with varied pathological characteristics. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and specific causal proteins associated with these diseases are obscure to date. In this study, a comparative cardiac proteome profiling was performed in Wistar rat models for diseased and control (sham) groups using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using Protein Pilot™ software (version 4.0) and were subjected to stringent statistical analysis. Alteration of key proteins was validated by Western blot analysis. The differentially expressed protein sets identified in this study were associated with different functional groups, involving various metabolic pathways, stress responses, cytoskeletal organization, apoptotic signaling and other miscellaneous functions. It was further deciphered that altered energy metabolism during hypertrophy in comparison to MI may be predominantly attributed to induced glucose oxidation level, via reduced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit β (PDHE1-B) protein during hypertrophy. This study reports for the first time the global changes in rat cardiac proteome during two etiologically different cardiac diseases and identifies key signaling regulators modulating ontogeny of these two diseases culminating in heart failure. This study also pointed toward differential activation of PDHE1-B that accounts for upregulation of glucose oxidation during hypertrophy. Downstream analysis of altered proteome and the associated modulators would enhance our present knowledge regarding altered pathophysiology of these two etiologically different cardiac disease forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadeep Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Kaberi Datta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
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Meijering RAM, Henning RH, Brundel BJJM. Reviving the protein quality control system: therapeutic target for cardiac disease in the elderly. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:243-7. [PMID: 25528995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been firmly established that ageing constitutes a principal risk factor for cardiac disease. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of ageing that contribute to the initiation or acceleration of cardiac disease are essentially unresolved. Prevailing theories of ageing center on the loss of cellular protein homeostasis, by either design (genetically) or "wear and tear" (environmentally). Either or both ways, the normal protein homeostasis in the cell is affected, resulting in aberrant and misfolded proteins. Should such misfolded proteins escape the protein quality control (PQC) system, they become proteotoxic and accelerate the loss of cellular integrity. Impairment of PQC plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ageing-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington׳s, and Alzheimer׳s disease. The concept of an impaired PQC driving ageing-related diseases has recently been expanded to cardiac diseases, including atrial fibrillation, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the PQC system in relation to ageing and discuss the emerging concept of the loss of PQC in cardiomyocytes as a trigger for cardiac disease. Finally, we discuss the potential of boosting the PQC system as an innovative therapeutic target to treat cardiac disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelien A M Meijering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, EB71, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, EB71, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, EB71, University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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48
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HSPA1A-independent suppression of PARK2 C289G protein aggregation by human small heat shock proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3570-8. [PMID: 25022755 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00698-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C289G mutation of the parkin E3-ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2) is associated with autosomal recessive juvenile onset Parkinson's disease and was found to be associated with protein aggregation. Members of the human small heat shock proteins (HSPBs) have been implicated in protein degradation and prevention of protein aggregation. In this study, we show that of the 10 HSPB members, individual overexpression of HSPB1, HSPB2, HSPB4, and HSPB7 suppresses PARK2 C289G-associated protein aggregation. Intriguingly, the protective actions of these HSPBs are not impaired upon inactivation of the ATP-dependent HSP70 chaperone machines. Depending on the HSPB member the protective actions involve either autophagic or proteasomal degradation pathways.
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49
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Riedel M, Jou CJ, Lai S, Lux RL, Moreno AP, Spitzer KW, Christians E, Tristani-Firouzi M, Benjamin IJ. Functional and pharmacological analysis of cardiomyocytes differentiated from human peripheral blood mononuclear-derived pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:131-41. [PMID: 25068127 PMCID: PMC4110777 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have set the stage for routine derivation of patient- and disease-specific human iPSC-cardiomyocyte (CM) models for preclinical drug screening and personalized medicine approaches. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are an advantageous source of somatic cells because they are easily obtained and readily amenable to transduction. Here, we report that the electrophysiological properties and pharmacological responses of PBMC-derived iPSC CM are generally similar to those of iPSC CM derived from other somatic cells, using patch-clamp, calcium transient, and multielectrode array (MEA) analyses. Distinct iPSC lines derived from a single patient display similar electrophysiological features and pharmacological responses. Finally, we demonstrate that human iPSC CMs undergo acute changes in calcium-handling properties and gene expression in response to rapid electrical stimulation, laying the foundation for an in-vitro-tachypacing model system for the study of human tachyarrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riedel
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chuanchau J Jou
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 83113, USA ; Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Robert L Lux
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alonso P Moreno
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kenneth W Spitzer
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 83113, USA ; Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Tarone G, Brancaccio M. Keep your heart in shape: molecular chaperone networks for treating heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:346-61. [PMID: 24585203 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the treatment of cardiac diseases, there is still a great need for drugs capable of counteracting the deterioration of cardiac muscle function in congestive heart failure. The role of misfolded protein accumulation as a causal event in the physiopathology of common cardiac diseases is an important emerging concept. Indeed, diverse stress conditions, including mechanical stretching and oxidative stress, can induce misfolded protein accumulation, causing cardiomyocyte death. Cells react to these stress conditions by activating molecular chaperones, a class of proteins that represents an endogenous salvage machinery, essential for rescuing physiological cell functions and sustaining cell survival. Chaperones, also known as heat shock proteins (Hsps), prevent accumulation of damaged proteins by promoting either their refolding or degradation via the proteasome or the autophagosome systems. In addition, molecular chaperones play a key role in intracellular signalling by controlling conformational changes required for activation/deactivation of signalling proteins, and their assembly in specific signalosome complexes. The key role of molecular chaperones in heart function is highlighted by the fact that a number of genetic mutations in chaperone proteins result in different forms of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, a considerable amount of experimental evidence indicates that increasing expression of chaperone proteins leads to an important cardio-protective role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and arrhythmia, implicating these molecules as potential innovative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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