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Rose DK, Bentley L, Maity A, Maguire RL, Planchart A, Spasojevic I, Liu AJ, Thorp J, Hoyo C. Association between F2-isoprostanes and self-reported stressors in pregnant americans of African and European ancestry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25578. [PMID: 38356491 PMCID: PMC10865309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poor birth outcomes such as preterm birth/delivery disproportionately affect African Americans compared to White individuals. Reasons for this disparity are likely multifactorial, and include prenatal psychosocial stressors, and attendant increased lipid peroxidation; however, empirical data linking psychosocial stressors during pregnancy to oxidative status are limited. Methods We used established scales to measure five psychosocial stressors. Maternal adverse childhood experiences, financial stress, social support, anxiety, and depression were measured among 50 African American and White pregnant women enrolled in the Stress and Health in Pregnancy cohort. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure biomarkers of oxidative stress (four urinary F2-isoprostane isomers), to estimate oxidative status. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between psychosocial stressors, prenatal oxidative status and preterm birth. Results After adjusting for maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, and cigarette smoking, African American women with higher oxidative status were more likely to report higher maternal adverse childhood experience scores (β = 0.16, se = 1.07, p-value = 0.024) and depression scores (β = 0.05, se = 0.02, p = 0.014). Higher oxidative status was also associated with lower gestational age at birth (β = -0.13, se = 0.06, p = 0.04) in this population. These associations were not apparent in Whites. However, none of the cross-product terms for race/ethnicity and social stressors reached statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion While the small sample size limits inference, our novel data suggest that psychosocial stressors may contribute significantly to oxidative stress during pregnancy, and preterm birth or delivery African Americans. If replicated in larger studies, these findings would support oxidative stress reduction using established dietary or pharmacological approaches present a potential avenue to mitigate adverse effects of psychosocial stressors on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Rose
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loren Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L. Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andy J. Liu
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Thorp
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Chaudhary R, Prasad A, Agarwal V, Rehman M, Kumar A, Kaushik AS, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Mishra V. Chronic stress predisposes to the aggravation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases with focus on rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111046. [PMID: 37879231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The global incidence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, and many healthcare professionals believe that chronic stress plays a prominent role in both the aggravation and remission of these conditions. It is believed that prolonged exposure to stress is associated with neuroimmune axis malfunction, which eventually dysregulates multiple immunological factors as well as deregulates autoimmune responses that play a central role in various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Herein, we performed validation of an 8-week long rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) which consisted of exposing groups of rats to random stressors daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, we developed a novel rat model combining 8-week long random stressor-induced CUS with CIA-triggered arthritis and IMQ-triggered psoriasis and have successfully used both these models to assess the role of chronic stress in the aggravation of arthritis and psoriasis, respectively. Notably, the 8-week CUS protocol extensively aggravated and prolonged both arthritis and psoriasis condition in the rat model by upregulating the release of different pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of immune cell responses and oxidative stress system, which were all related to severe inflammation. Further, CUS aggravated macroscopic features and the increase in destruction of joint tissue and epidermal thickness induced by CIA and IMQ, respectively, in rats. In conclusion, this study suggests that exposure to an 8-week long CUS paradigm aggravates the distinctive characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis in rats via amplifying the inflammatory circuits and immune cell responses linked to these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Ajay Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Mujeeba Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Arjun Singh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Siddhi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Sukriti Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
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Tomoda F, Koike T, Nitta A, Kurosaki H, Sugimori H, Oh-Hara M, Kinugawa K. Urinary levels of cortisol but not catecholamines are associated with those of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in uncomplicated primary hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1571-1577. [PMID: 37642591 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationships between stress hormones and oxidative DNA damage have not yet been explored in human hypertension. We investigated the associations of urinary levels of cortisol or catecholamines with those of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage in primary hypertension. METHODS Untreated 156 primary hypertensives without apparent cardiovascular diseases were entered into the study. Following blood sampling after an overnight fast, 24-h blood pressure monitoring and 24-h urinary sampling were performed simultaneously to determine 24-h averaged values for blood pressure and urinary levels of cortisol, catecholamines and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. RESULTS Urinary cortisol significantly correlated positively with urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in all studied participants (r = 0.334, P < 0.001). Contrary, either urinary adrenaline or urinary noradrenaline did not significantly correlate with urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (r = 0.050, P = 0.553 or r = 0.063, P = 0.435). Additionally, the positive association of urinary cortisol with urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine remained highly significant after the adjustments for multiple confounders of oxidative stress such as age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, 24-h blood pressure, C-reactive protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate (partial r = 0.323, P < 0.001), although only approximately 10% of the variance in urinary cortisol was attributable to differences in urinary 8-OHdG (partial r2 = 0.104). Thus, our data indicate that cortisol but not catecholamines could at least partially contribute to the occurrence of oxidative DNA damage in primary hypertensives. CONCLUSION The present study suggested the possibility that the overactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis rather than sympathoadrenal system could enhance oxidative stress and attendant DNA oxidation in uncomplicated primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Tomoda
- The Faculty of Health Science, Fukui Health Science University, Fukui
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Atsumi Nitta
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy & Neuropharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Çeli K HEA, Tuna G, Ceylan D, Küçükgöncü S. A comparative meta-analysis of peripheral 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels across mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106078. [PMID: 36931055 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative DNA damage has been associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) as one of the common pathways between increased medical comorbidity and premature aging in BD. Previous evidence shows increased levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or its tautomer 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), in patients with BD in comparison to healthy individuals. With the current research, we aim to analyze data on peripheral (blood or urine) 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG levels across mood states of BD using a meta-analytical approach. METHOD A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies (January 1989 to July 2022). Relevant studies were systematically reviewed; a random-effects meta-analysis and a meta-regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS The current meta-analysis included 12 studies consisting of 808 BD patients (390 in euthymia, 156 in mania, 137 in depression, 16 in mixed episode, 109 not specified) and 563 healthy controls. BD patients that were currently depressed had significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG than healthy controls, while euthymic or manic patients did not differ from healthy controls. A meta-regression analysis showed sex distribution (being female) and older age to be significantly related to increased 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG may be a state-related marker of depression in BD and may be affected by older age and female gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayet Ece Arat Çeli K
- Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Koç University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey; Koç University, Research Center for Translational Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Suat Küçükgöncü
- Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
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5
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Cooke MS, Chang YJ, Chen YR, Hu CW, Chao MR. Nucleic acid adductomics - The next generation of adductomics towards assessing environmental health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159192. [PMID: 36195140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Discussion article aims to explore the potential for a new generation of assay to emerge from cellular and urinary DNA adductomics which brings together DNA-RNA- and, to some extent, protein adductomics, to better understand the role of the exposome in environmental health. Components of the exposome have been linked to an increased risk of various, major diseases, and to identify the precise nature, and size, of risk, in this complex mixture of exposures, powerful tools are needed. Modification of nucleic acids (NA) is a key consequence of environmental exposures, and a goal of cellular DNA adductomics is to evaluate the totality of DNA modifications in the genome, on the basis that this will be most informative. Consequently, an approach which encompasses modifications of all nucleic acids (NA) would be potentially yet more informative. This article focuses on NA adductomics, which brings together the assessment of both DNA and RNA modifications, including modified (2'-deoxy)ribonucleosides (2'-dN/rN), modified nucleobases (nB), plus: DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, DNA-RNA, DNA-protein, and RNA-protein crosslinks (DDCL, RRCL, DRCL, DPCL, and RPCL, respectively). We discuss the need for NA adductomics, plus the pros and cons of cellular vs. urinary NA adductomics, and present some evidence for the feasibility of this approach. We propose that NA adductomics provides a more comprehensive approach to the study of nucleic acid modifications, which will facilitate a range of advances, including the identification of novel, unexpected modifications e.g., RNA-RNA, and DNA-RNA crosslinks; key modifications associated with mutagenesis; agent-specific mechanisms; and adductome signatures of key environmental agents, leading to the dissection of the exposome, and its role in human health/disease, across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Jorgensen A, Köhler-Forsberg K, Henriksen T, Weimann A, Brandslund I, Ellervik C, Poulsen HE, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG, Jorgensen MB. Systemic DNA and RNA damage from oxidation after serotonergic treatment of unipolar depression. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:204. [PMID: 35577781 PMCID: PMC9110351 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that antidepressants that inhibit the serotonin transporter reduces oxidative stress. DNA and RNA damage from oxidation is involved in aging and a range of age-related pathophysiological processes. Here, we studied the urinary excretion of markers of DNA and RNA damage from oxidation, 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, respectively, in the NeuroPharm cohort of 100 drug-free patients with unipolar depression and in 856 non-psychiatric community controls. Patients were subsequently treated for 8 weeks with escitalopram in flexible doses of 5-20 mg; seven of these switched to duloxetine by week 4, as allowed by the protocol. At week 8, 82 patients were followed up clinically and with measurements of 8-oxodG/8-oxoGuo. Contextual data were collected in patients, including markers of cortisol excretion and low-grade inflammation. The intervention was associated with a substantial reduction in both 8-oxodG/8-oxoGuo excretion (25% and 10%, respectively). The change was not significantly correlated to measures of clinical improvement. Both markers were strongly and negatively correlated to cortisol, as measured by the area under the curve for the full-day salivary cortisol excretion. Surprisingly, patients had similar levels of 8-oxodG excretion and lower levels of 8-oxoGuo excretion at baseline compared to the controls. We conclude that intervention with serotonin reuptake inhibitors in unipolar depression is associated with a reduction in systemic DNA and RNA damage from oxidation. To our knowledge, this to date the largest intervention study to characterize this phenomenon, and the first to include a marker of RNA oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- grid.466916.a0000 0004 0631 4836Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- grid.459623.f0000 0004 0587 0347Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Henrik E. Poulsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark ,grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hillerød, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hillerød, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G. Frokjaer
- grid.466916.a0000 0004 0631 4836Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin B. Jorgensen
- grid.466916.a0000 0004 0631 4836Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The markers of stress in swine oral fluid. J Vet Res 2021; 65:487-495. [PMID: 35112004 PMCID: PMC8775724 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study measured the hormonal and protein markers of acute stress, those of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in swine oral fluid, determined which of these parameters would be the most appropriate for future livestock welfare assessment and established the time when the samples should be taken. Material and Methods Stress was induced in 7 out of 14 castrated six-week-old Danbred×Duroc pigs by immobilisation on a nasal snare at 8 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m. and samples were taken both directly after the stressor was applied and 30 min later. The remaining pigs were the control group, which were not immobilised; their samples were taken at the same times. The concentrations of hormones and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, while those of alpha-amylase and TAC were measured using spectrophotometry. Results The levels of cortisol and cortisone increased with statistical significance immediately after the acute stress response and 30 min later. A cut-off value set at 0.25 ng/mL cortisol concentration was capable of distinguishing between the stressed and control groups with 100% accuracy in evening samples and 95% accuracy overall. Prednisolone was not present, and the levels of testosterone and corticosterone were low and not distinctive. Alpha-amylase became significantly more concentrated during stress induction and 30 min later. The TAC and MDA levels rose after the stress but without statistical significance. Conclusion The most suitable markers of acute stress were cortisol, cortisone and alpha-amylase. Oral fluid is a reliable material for monitoring the level of pigs’ stress and should be collected in the evening.
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Karanikas E. Psychologically Traumatic Oxidative Stress; A Comprehensive Review of Redox Mechanisms and Related Inflammatory Implications. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 51:65-86. [PMID: 34887600 PMCID: PMC8601764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The organism's energy requirements for homeostatic balance are covered by the redox mechanisms. Yet in case of psychologically traumatic stress, allostatic regulations activate both pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules as well as respective components of the inflammatory system. Thus a new setpoint of dynamic interactions among redox elements is reached. Similarly, a multifaceted interplay between redox and inflammatory fields is activated with the mediation of major effector systems such as the immune system, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, kynurenine, and the glycaemic regulatory one. In case of sustained and/or intense traumatic stress the prophylactic antioxidant components are inadequate to provide the organism with neuroprotection finally culminating in Oxidative Stress and subsequently to cellular apoptosis. In parallel multiple inflammatory systems trigger and/or are triggered by the redox systems in tight fashion so that the causation sequence appears obscure. This exhaustive review aims at the comprehension of the interaction among components of the redox system as well as to the collection of disperse findings relative to the redox-inflammatory interplay in the context of traumatic stress so that new research strategies could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karanikas
- Karanikas, Department of Psychiatry, General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060723. [PMID: 34072322 PMCID: PMC8228973 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress may chronically affect master homeostatic systems at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways and lead to the biological embedment of trauma-related allostatic trajectories through neurobiological alterations even decades later. Lately, there has been an exponential knowledge growth concerning the effect of traumatic stress on oxidative components and redox-state homeostasis. This extensive review encompasses a detailed description of the oxidative cascade components along with their physiological and pathophysiological functions and a systematic presentation of both preclinical and clinical, genetic and epigenetic human findings on trauma-related oxidative stress (OXS), followed by a substantial synthesis of the involved oxidative cascades into specific and functional, trauma-related pathways. The bulk of the evidence suggests an imbalance of pro-/anti-oxidative mechanisms under conditions of traumatic stress, respectively leading to a systemic oxidative dysregulation accompanied by toxic oxidation byproducts. Yet, there is substantial heterogeneity in findings probably relative to confounding, trauma-related parameters, as well as to the equivocal directionality of not only the involved oxidative mechanisms but other homeostatic ones. Accordingly, we also discuss the trauma-related OXS findings within the broader spectrum of systemic interactions with other major influencing systems, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the circadian system. We intend to demonstrate the inherent complexity of all the systems involved, but also put forth associated caveats in the implementation and interpretation of OXS findings in trauma-related research and promote their comprehension within a broader context.
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12
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Current perspectives on the clinical implications of oxidative RNA damage in aging research: challenges and opportunities. GeroScience 2020; 43:487-505. [PMID: 32529593 PMCID: PMC8110629 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules can be easily attacked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during normal cellular metabolism and under various oxidative stress conditions. Numerous findings report that the amount of cellular 8-oxoG, the most abundant RNA damage biomarker, is a promising target for the sensitive measurement of oxidative stress and aging-associated diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Most importantly, available data suggest that RNA oxidation has important implications for various signaling pathways and gene expression regulation in aging-related diseases, highlighting the necessity of using combinations of RNA oxidation adducts in both experimental studies and clinical trials. In this review, we primarily describe evidence for the effect of oxidative stress on RNA integrity modulation and possible quality control systems. Additionally, we discuss the profiles and clinical implications of RNA oxidation products that have been under intensive investigation in several aging-associated medical disorders.
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Ceylan D, Yılmaz S, Tuna G, Kant M, Er A, Ildız A, Verim B, Akış M, Akan P, İşlekel H, Veldic M, Frye M, Özerdem A. Alterations in levels of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 during a current episode and after remission in unipolar and bipolar depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 114:104600. [PMID: 32062372 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed significant increases in DNA base damage markers and significant alterations in base excision repair enzymes in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. We aimed to investigate changes in urine 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and gene expression levels of 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) during a current depressive episode and after remission in bipolar and unipolar disorders. METHODS Twenty-four acutely depressed bipolar (BD), 33 unipolar depression (UD) patients and 61 healthy controls were included in the study. Clinical evaluations, blood and urine sampling were completed at baseline and at remission after eight weeks. The urine 8-oxo-dG levels were assessed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and adjusted for urine creatinine levels. The gene expression levels of OGG1 were determined from cDNA extracted from blood samples, using real time-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At baseline, patients presented significantly higher levels of 8-oxo-dG (p = 0.008), and lower gene expression of OGG1 (p = 0.024) compared to controls. Levels of either 8-oxo-dG or OGG1 expression did not differ between BD and UD. In patients who remitted by the 8th week (n = 30), 8-oxo-dG decreased significantly (p = 0.001), and gene expression levels of OGG1 increased by 2.95 times compared to baseline levels (p = 0.001). All comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and body mass index. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with bipolar and unipolar mood disorders present increased 8-oxo-dG and decreased gene expression levels of OGG1 in current depressive episodes, and that these changes might be reversed by the resolution of depressive symptoms. The causal relationship between DNA damage and repair requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ceylan
- Department of Psychiatry, Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Balçova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Selda Yılmaz
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ayşe Er
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Ildız
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Verim
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Akış
- Department of Biochemistry, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Akan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüray İşlekel
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Köhler-Forsberg K, Jorgensen A, Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ip CT, Ganz M, Poulsen HE, Giraldi A, Ozenne B, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Predicting Treatment Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder Using Serotonin 4 Receptor PET Brain Imaging, Functional MRI, Cognitive-, EEG-Based, and Peripheral Biomarkers: A NeuroPharm Open Label Clinical Trial Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32792991 PMCID: PMC7391965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 30 and 50% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant regimens. The conventional pharmacological treatments predominantly target serotonergic brain signaling but better tools to predict treatment response and identify relevant subgroups of MDD are needed to support individualized and mechanistically targeted treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate antidepressant-free patients with MDD using neuroimaging, electrophysiological, molecular, cognitive, and clinical examinations and evaluate their ability to predict clinical response to SSRI treatment as individual or combined predictors. METHODS We will include 100 untreated patients with moderate to severe depression (>17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17) in a non-randomized open clinical trial. We will collect data from serotonin 4 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), cognitive tests, psychometry, and peripheral biomarkers, before (at baseline), during, and after 12 weeks of standard antidepressant treatment. Patients will be treated with escitalopram, and in case of non-response at week 4 or intolerable side effects, offered to switch to a second line treatment with duloxetine. Our primary outcome (treatment response) is assessed using the Hamilton depression rating subscale 6-item scores at week 8, compared to baseline. In a subset of the patients (n = ~40), we will re-assess the neurobiological response (using PET, fMRI, and EEG) 8 weeks after initiated pharmacological antidepressant treatment, to map neurobiological signatures of treatment responses. Data from matched controls will either be collected or is already available from other cohorts. DISCUSSION The extensive investigational program with follow-up in this large cohort of participants provides a unique possibility to (a) uncover potential biomarkers for antidepressant treatment response, (b) apply the findings for future stratification of MDD, (c) advance the understanding of pathophysiological underpinnings of MDD, and (d) uncover how putative biomarkers change in response to 8 weeks of pharmacological antidepressant treatment. Our data can pave the way for a precision medicine approach for optimized treatment of MDD and also provides a resource for future research and data sharing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to initiation (NCT02869035; 08.16.2016, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02869035&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng-Teng Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Markers of HPA-axis activity and nucleic acid damage from oxidation after electroconvulsive stimulations in rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019; 31:287-293. [PMID: 30854991 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been suggested to increase after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a treatment which continues to be the most effective for severe depression. Oxidative stress could potentially be mechanistically involved in both the therapeutic effects and side effects of ECT. METHODS We measured sensitive markers of systemic and central nervous system (CNS) oxidative stress on DNA and RNA (urinary 8-oxodG/8-oxoGuo, cerebrospinal fluid 8-oxoGuo, and brain oxoguanine glycosylase mRNA expression) in male rats subjected to electroconvulsive stimulations (ECS), an animal model of ECT. Due to the previous observations that link hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity and age to DNA/RNA damage from oxidation, groups of young and middle-aged male animals were included, and markers of HPA-axis activity were measured. RESULTS ECS induced weight loss, increased corticosterone (only in middle-aged animals), and decreased cerebral glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, while largely leaving the markers of systemic and CNS DNA/RNA damage from oxidation unaltered. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ECS is not associated with any lasting effects on oxidative stress on nucleic acids neither in young nor middle-aged rats.
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Falkenberg MK, Teilmann AC, Henriksen T, Hau J, Poulsen HE, Abelson KS. Clinical, Physiologic, and Behavioral Evaluation of Permanently Catheterized NMRI Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:380-389. [PMID: 30971326 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular catheterization is becoming a popular technique in laboratory rodents, facilitating repetitive blood sampling and infusion in individual animals. In mice, catheterization is complicated by their small body size, which may increase the risk of postoperative complications that may both threaten catheter longevity and animal welfare. Less obvious complications to a permanent catheter may include subclinical infection, visceral tissue damage from disseminating microthrombi released from the catheter, and distress from being isolated from conspecifics and other experimental stressors. Such complications may go unnoticed and may affect animal welfare as well as confound research outcomes. This study investigated the implications of long-term arterial catheterization in NMRI mice by evaluating clinical, physiologic and behavioral parameters. Body weight and food and water consumptions were monitored during the study period. Fecal corticosterone metabolites were quantified as biomarkers of stress, and nucleic acid metabolites (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanisine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine) as biomarkers of oxidative damage. Behavioral dysfunction was studied by scoring animal welfare and nest building. Catheters were placed the right common carotid artery of mice; catheterized mice were compared with sham-operated and nonsurgical control mice. Except for an increase in the body weight of catheterized mice during the experimental period, clinical parameters (body weight and food and water consumptions) did not differ between groups. Physiologic parameters (oxidized nucleic acid metabolites and fecal corticosterone metabolites) were higher in control mice during the first week of experimentation compared with the end of study but did not differ between groups. Likewise, catheterization had no effect on behavioral parameters (nest building and animal welfare assessment). Long-term arterial catheterization of mice had no detectable implications on animal welfare in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Kari Falkenberg
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Charlotte Teilmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Hau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klas Sp Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,
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Onyango AN. Cellular Stresses and Stress Responses in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4321714. [PMID: 30116482 PMCID: PMC6079365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4321714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), a key component of the metabolic syndrome, precedes the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Its etiological pathways are not well defined, although many contributory mechanisms have been established. This article summarizes such mechanisms into the hypothesis that factors like nutrient overload, physical inactivity, hypoxia, psychological stress, and environmental pollutants induce a network of cellular stresses, stress responses, and stress response dysregulations that jointly inhibit insulin signaling in insulin target cells including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, hypothalamic neurons, and adipocytes. The insulin resistance-inducing cellular stresses include oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl/electrophilic, genotoxic, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses; the stress responses include the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the DNA damage response, the unfolded protein response, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, while the dysregulated responses include the heat shock response, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling. Insulin target cells also produce metabolites that exacerbate cellular stress generation both locally and systemically, partly through recruitment and activation of myeloid cells which sustain a state of chronic inflammation. Thus, insulin resistance may be prevented or attenuated by multiple approaches targeting the different cellular stresses and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N. Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
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Kim JH, Lee J, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim SK, Kim S. Association of phthalate exposures with urinary free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in early childhood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:506-513. [PMID: 29426173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggested potential links of phthalates to stress-related outcomes. However, limited evidence has been available for the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in perinatal and postnatal environments. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG in mother-child pairs. We repeatedly collected urine samples of 287 mother-child pairs from just before delivery to 15 months of age to measure the levels of four phthalate metabolites - mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) - and free cortisol and 8-OHdG. We used linear mixed effect models and generalized additive mixed models to estimate the relationship between the phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG after adjusting for the child's gender, urine collection time, and maternal smoking status. The four phthalate metabolite levels were strongly correlated each other (all, p < .0001), and intra-class correlation for each metabolite in children ranged from 0.18 to 0.96. All four phthalate metabolites were positively associated with both free cortisol (MEHHP, β = 0.18 and p < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.17 and p < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.13 and p = .0001; MnBP, β = 0.21 and p < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.21 and p < .0001) and 8-OHdG (MEHHP, β = 0.20 and p < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.18 and p < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.23 and p < .0001; MnBP, β = 0.28 and p < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.29 and p < .0001) in childhood. Our findings suggest that phthalate exposures increase free cortisol and 8-OHdG levels in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xia X, Xing Y, Li G, Wu J, Kan J. Antioxidant activity of whole grain Qingke (Tibetan Hordeum vulgare L.) toward oxidative stress in d-galactose induced mouse model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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20
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Gant CM, Minovic I, Binnenmars H, de Vries L, Kema I, van Beek A, Navis G, Bakker S, Laverman GD. Lower Renal Function Is Associated With Derangement of 11- β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:609-620. [PMID: 29942925 PMCID: PMC6007243 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Derangement of 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2), which regulate intracellular cortisol production, has been suggested in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, activity of 11β-HSD enzymes in patients with T2D and CKD has never been assessed. Objectives To compare 11β-HSD activities between patients with T2D and healthy controls, and assess whether in T2D, renal function is associated with 11β-HSD activities. Design Cross-sectional analysis in the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT-1). Setting Referral center for T2D. Patients Patient with T2D [n = 373, age 64 ± 9 years, 58% men, 26% of patients estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min·1.73 m2] and healthy controls (n = 275, age 53 ± 11 years, 48% men). Mean Outcome Measure We measured cortisol, cortisone, and metabolites [tetrahydrocortisol (THF), allo-THF (aTHF), and tetrahydrocortisone (THE)] in 24-hour urine samples. Whole body 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 activities were calculated as the urinary (THF + aTHF)/THE and cortisol/cortisone ratios, respectively. Results Patients with T2D had a higher (THF + aTHF)/THE ratio [1.02 (0.84 to 1.27) vs 0.94 (0.79 to 1.0), P < 0.001] and cortisol/cortisone ratio [0.70 (0.58 to 0.83) vs 0.63 (0.54 to 0.74), P < 0.001] than healthy controls. In T2D, lower eGFR was associated with a higher (THF + aTHF)/THE ratio (β = −0.35, P < 0.001), and a higher cortisol/cortisone ratio (β = −0.16, P = 0.001). Conclusions In this real-life secondary care setting of patients with T2D, 11β-HSD enzymes activities were shifted to higher intracellular cortisol production in T2D, which was further aggravated in patients with CKD. Prospective analyses are warranted to investigate causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Maria Gant
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Hospital, PP Almelo and Hengelo, Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isidor Minovic
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Binnenmars
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura de Vries
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ido Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - André van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, EZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gozewijn Dirk Laverman
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Hospital, PP Almelo and Hengelo, Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial stress may influence the risk of disease through its association with oxidative DNA damage. We examined whether perceived stress and depressive symptoms were associated with urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), with mutual interaction on 8-OHdG. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6517 individuals aged 45 to 74 years who participated, between 2010 and 2012, in a follow-up survey of an ongoing cohort study. Perceived stress during the past year was measured using a self-report questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were measured using a column switching high-pressure liquid chromatography system coupled to an electrochemical detector. RESULTS Higher perceived stress was significantly associated with higher 8-OHdG (2.1% increase per one-category increase of stress; ptrend = .025), even after adjusting for sex, age, supplement use, psychosocial factors, psychotropic medication use, smoking, and body mass index. This association was modestly attenuated after further adjustment for physical activity, suggesting possible mediation or confounding by this factor. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with 8-OHdG. No significant interaction was detected between perceived stress and depressive symptoms on 8-OHdG. CONCLUSIONS In a general Japanese population, we found a weak positive association between perceived stress and urinary excretion of 8-OHdG, whereas no association was observed between depressive symptoms and 8-OHdG. Further studies are needed to examine whether the association between perceived stress and 8-OHdG is modified by depressive symptoms.
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Jorgensen A, Staalsoe JM, Simonsen AH, Hasselbalch SG, Høgh P, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Olsen NV. Progressive DNA and RNA damage from oxidation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:51-56. [PMID: 29157018 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1407413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radical toxicity is considered as a key mechanism in the neuronal damage occurring after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We measured markers of DNA and RNA damage from oxidation (8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, respectively) in cerebrospinal fluid from 45 patients with SAH on day 1-14 after ictus and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. At baseline, both markers were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p values < .001), and exhibited a progressive further increase (to >20-fold above control levels) from day 5-14. None of the markers predicted the occurrence of vasospasms or mortality, although there was a trend that the 8-oxoGuo marker was more strongly associated with mortality than the 8-oxodG marker. We conclude that SAH leads to a massive increase in damage to nucleic acids from oxidative stress, which is likely to play a role in neuronal dysfunction and death. As only patients in need of a ventriculostomy catheter were included in the study, the findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to all patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonatan M Staalsoe
- c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anja H Simonsen
- d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Department of Neurology , University Hospital Zealand , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Neils V Olsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,h Department of Neuroanaesthesia, the Neuroscience Centre , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Womersley JS, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism? Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1717-1733. [PMID: 28681198 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are increasingly prevalent despite the use of antiretroviral therapies. Previous research suggests that individual host factors play an important role in determining susceptibility to HAND. In this review, we propose that childhood trauma (CT) and HAND share several common aetiological mechanisms, namely hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. These convergent and consequent mechanisms may translate into an increased risk of developing HAND in individuals who have experienced early life stress. We provide an overview of basic and clinical research relating to these pathophysiological mechanisms and suggest that further research examine brain-derived neurotrophic factor and telomere length as common mediating factors and potential therapeutic targets for HAND and CT. Graphical abstract Both childhood trauma and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with HPA axis dysregulation, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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Maluach AM, Misquitta KA, Prevot TD, Fee C, Sibille E, Banasr M, Andreazza AC. Increased Neuronal DNA/RNA Oxidation in the Frontal Cortex of Mice Subjected to Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress. CHRONIC STRESS 2017; 1. [PMID: 29250610 PMCID: PMC5730347 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017724744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is implicated in the development of various psychiatric
illnesses including major depressive disorder. Previous reports suggest that
patients with major depressive disorder have increased levels of oxidative
stress, including higher levels of DNA/RNA oxidation found in postmortem
studies, especially within brain regions responsible for the cognitive and
emotional processes disrupted in the disorder. Here, we aimed to investigate
whether unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice induces neuronal DNA/RNA
oxidation in the prelimbic, infralimbic, and cingulate cortices of the
frontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala and to explore potential
associations with depressive-like behaviors. We expected that animals
subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress will present higher levels of
DNA/RNA oxidation, which will be associated with anxiety-/depressive-like
behaviors. Methods C57BL/6J mice were assigned to unpredictable chronic mild stress or nonstress
conditions (n = 10/group, 50% females). Following five weeks of
unpredictable chronic mild stress exposure, mice were tested in a series of
behavioral tests measuring anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Frontal
cortex and amygdala sections were then immunolabeled for neuronal nuclei, a
marker of post-mitotic neurons and
anti-8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine/8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, which reflects
both DNA and RNA oxidation. Results Levels of neuronal DNA/RNA oxidation were increased in the frontal cortex of
mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (p = 0.0207). Levels of neuronal DNA/RNA oxidation in the
frontal cortex were positively correlated with z-emotionality scores for
latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test (p = 0.0031). Statistically significant differences were not
detected in basolateral amygdala levels of neuronal DNA/RNA oxidation
between nonstress- and unpredictable chronic mild stress-exposed mice, nor
were correlations found with behavioral performances for this region. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that unpredictable chronic mild stress induces a
significant increase in neuronal DNA/RNA oxidation in the frontal cortex
that correlate with behavioral readouts of the stress response. A lack of
DNA/RNA oxidation alterations in the basolateral amygdala suggests greater
vulnerability of frontal cortex neurons to DNA/RNA oxidation in response to
unpredictable chronic mild stress. These findings add support to the
hypothesis that chronic stress-induced damage to DNA/RNA may be an
additional molecular mechanism underlying cellular dysfunctions associated
with chronic stress and present in stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred M Maluach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keith A Misquitta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Development of suitable method for large-scale urinary glucocorticoid analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1057:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Black CN, Bot M, Révész D, Scheffer PG, Penninx B. The association between three major physiological stress systems and oxidative DNA and lipid damage. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:56-66. [PMID: 28319849 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased activity of the three major physiological stress systems (immune-inflammatory system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis [HPA-axis], and autonomic nervous system [ANS]) is part of the pathophysiology of various somatic and psychiatric diseases. Oxidative damage is a key mechanism in both ageing and disease. Elucidating the relationship between these stress systems and oxidative damage would contribute to the understanding of the role of physiological stress in disease. This study therefore investigates associations between various measures of physiological stress and oxidative DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) and lipid (F2-isoprostanes) damage. METHODS Plasma 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes were measured using LC-MS/MS in 2858 subjects (aged 18-65). Plasma inflammation markers, salivary cortisol and ANS markers (three for each stress system) were determined. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographics, sampling factors and medication. RESULTS 8-OHdG was positively associated with all inflammation markers (β=0.047-0.050, p<0.01), evening cortisol (β=0.073, p<0.001), and unexpectedly with low respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflecting low ANS stress (β=0.073, p<0.001). F2-isoprostanes were associated with higher C-reactive protein (β=0.072, p<0.001), high ANS stress reflected in heart rate (β=0.064, p<0.001) and RSA (β=-0.076, p=0.001), but not with cortisol. Analyses investigating the cumulative impact of the stress systems demonstrated that the number of systems with ≥1 marker in the high risk quartile showed a positive linear trend with both 8-OHdG (p=0.030) and F2-isoprostanes (p=0.009). CONCLUSION This large-scale study showed that markers of inflammation, the HPA-axis and ANS are associated with oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative lipid damage is associated with inflammation and the ANS. Increased physiological stress across systems is associated with increasing oxidative damage in a dose-response fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Black
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Scheffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kurth F, Cherbuin N, Luders E. Promising Links between Meditation and Reduced (Brain) Aging: An Attempt to Bridge Some Gaps between the Alleged Fountain of Youth and the Youth of the Field. Front Psychol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 28611710 PMCID: PMC5447722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies has reported a positive impact of meditation on cerebral aging. However, the underlying mechanisms for these seemingly brain-protecting effects are not well-understood. This may be due to the fact, at least partly, that systematic empirical meditation research has emerged only recently as a field of scientific scrutiny. Thus, on the one hand, critical questions remain largely unanswered; and on the other hand, outcomes of existing research require better integration to build a more comprehensive and holistic picture. In this article, we first review theories and mechanisms pertaining to normal (brain) aging, specifically focusing on telomeres, inflammation, stress regulation, and macroscopic brain anatomy. Then, we summarize existing research integrating the developing evidence suggesting that meditation exerts positive effects on (brain) aging, while carefully discussing possible mechanisms through which these effects may be mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eileen Luders
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States.,Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
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28
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Jorgensen A, Kalliokoski O, Forsberg K, Breitenstein K, Weimann A, Henriksen T, Hau J, Wörtwein G, Poulsen HE, Jorgensen MB. A chronic increase of corticosterone age-dependently reduces systemic DNA damage from oxidation in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:64-74. [PMID: 28069523 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress and depression are associated with an acceleration of brain and bodily aging; effects which have been attributed to chronic elevations of glucocorticoids. We tested the hypothesis that a three week administration of stress-associated levels of corticosterone (CORT, the principal rodent glucocorticoid) would increase systemic and CNS DNA and RNA damage from oxidation; a phenomenon known to be centrally involved in the aging process. We also hypothesized that older individuals would be more sensitive to this effect and that the chronic CORT administration would exacerbate age-related memory decline. Young and old male Sprague-Dawley rats were non-invasively administered CORT by voluntary ingestion of nut paste containing either CORT (25mg/kg) or vehicle for a total of 22 days. CORT increased the 24h urinary excretion of the hormone to the levels previously observed after experimental psychological stress and caused a downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Contrary to our hypothesis, 24h excretion of 8-oxodG/8-oxoGuo (markers of DNA/RNA damage from oxidation) was reduced in CORT-treated young animals, whereas old animals showed no significant differences. In old animals, CORT caused a borderline significant reduction of RNA oxidation in CNS, which was paralleled by a normalization of performance in an object location memory test. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that chronic stress-associated levels of CORT can reduce nucleic acid damage from oxidation. These findings contradict the notion of elevated CORT as a mediator of the accelerated aging observed in stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Forsberg
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Breitenstein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jann Hau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wörtwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Cejvanovic V, Asferg C, Kjær LK, Andersen UB, Linneberg A, Frystyk J, Henriksen T, Flyvbjerg A, Christiansen M, Weimann A, Jeppesen J, Poulsen HE. Markers of oxidative stress in obese men with and without hypertension. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:620-625. [PMID: 27666677 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1230776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate if the 24-hour excretion of the urinary markers for oxidative stress to DNA and RNA, measured as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine (8-oxoGuo), respectively, were increased in obese individuals with or without hypertension compared to lean controls. METHODS A total of 63 obese hypertensive men (obeseHT), 40 obese normotensive men (obeseNT) and 27 lean normotensive men (leanNT) were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was between 20.0 and 24.9 kg/m2 in leanNT participants and ≥30 kg/m2 in obese participants. Hypertension was defined as a mean 24-hour systolic ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) ≥ 130 mmHg or a mean 24-hour diastolic AMBP ≥80 mmHg and normotension as mean 24-hour AMBP <130/80 mmHg. Twenty-four hour urinary 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodG excretion (nmol/24 h) were measured by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Urinary 8-oxoGuo excretion was (median and [interquartile range]) 30.8 [27.8-32.2] nmol/24 h in leanNT, 36.8 [31.3-40.2] nmol/24 h in obeseNT and 40.6 [31.7-48.5] nmol/24 h in obeseHT. The difference was statistically significant (p = .002) and post hoc tests showed a significant difference between leanNT and obeseHT (p = .001) as well as obeseNT (p = .002), whereas the two obese groups did not differ (p = .6). No statistically significant differences in 8-oxodG concentrations were observed between the three groups (p = .3). CONCLUSION The measurement of urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo suggests that obesity in men, but not hypertension, is associated with increased oxidative damage to RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Cejvanovic
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Camilla Asferg
- c Department of Medicine , Hvidovre Hospital Glostrup , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Glostrup section , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Laura Kofoed Kjær
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Andersen
- d Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Glostrup section , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Research Centre for Prevention and Health , the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Department of Clinical Experimental Research , Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- g Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,h Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- g Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,h Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- i Department for Congenital Disorders , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark.,j Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Jeppesen
- b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,c Department of Medicine , Hvidovre Hospital Glostrup , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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30
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Stanić D, Plećaš-Solarović B, Petrović J, Bogavac-Stanojević N, Sopić M, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Ignjatović S, Pešić V. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from rats chronically treated with corticosterone: The protective effect of oxytocin treatment. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:134-41. [PMID: 27402529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary lifestyle is commonly associated with chronic stress, an environmental factor contributing to development of various psychological and somatic disorders. Increased levels of glucocorticoids, observed in the chronic stress, induce the production of reactive oxygen species leading to genotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic administration of oxytocin (OXY) 10 IU/400 μL/day, s.c., for 14 days, a hormone presumed to exert antioxidant effect, may prevent DNA damage in the comet assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Wistar rats treated chronically with corticosterone (CORT) 100 mg/L ad libitum, per os, for 21 days, as well as, to influence some plasma oxidative stress parameters, i.e. levels of total lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Even though there was no reduction in overall number of damaged cells after oxytocin treatment only, the marked increase in total comet score (TCS) after incubation with H2O2 in CORT group compared to controls, was absent in the CORT + OXY experimental group. Furthermore, significant decrease of highly damaged cells compared to corticosterone group was noted. Chronic oxytocin administration thus protected lymphocytes from high intensity damage that leads to cellular death. In addition, treatment with OXY along with CORT, significantly decreased concentration of LOOH in plasma, and increased SOD compared to CORT treatment only. This finding corresponds well with current reports on beneficial effects of OXY in conditions of HPA axis hyperactivity, and supports the hypothesis of OXY-mediated antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušanka Stanić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | | | - Jelena Petrović
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Svetlana Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
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31
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DNA Damage in Major Psychiatric Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:251-67. [PMID: 27126805 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are exposed to exogenous insults and continuous production of different metabolites. These insults and unwanted metabolic products might interfere with the stability of genomic DNA. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that different psychiatric disorders show substantially high levels of oxidative DNA damage in the brain accompanied with morphological and functional alterations. It reveals that damaged genomic DNA may contribute to the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. In this article, we review the roles of oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant ability in some vastly studied psychiatric disorders and emphasize the inclusion of treatment options involving DNA repair. In addition, while most currently used antidepressants are based on the manipulation of the neurotransmitter regulation in managing different mental abnormalities, they are able to prevent or reverse neurotoxin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, it may be plausible to target on genomic DNA alterations for psychiatric therapies, which is of pivotal importance for future antipsychiatric drug development.
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32
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Stedile N, Canuto R, Col CDD, Sene JSD, Stolfo A, Wisintainer GNDS, Henriques JAP, Salvador M. Dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated with plasmatic antioxidant capacity, nutrient intake and lipid and DNA damage in healthy women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:479-88. [PMID: 27018203 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1164670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) seems to be associated with reducing risk of diseases. However, data about the influence of the DTAC on oxidative stress parameters are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the DTAC and its influence on plasma total antioxidant capacity (PTAC), and damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in healthy women. It was found a positive correlation between DTAC and PTAC in young and healthy subjects, where presumably the endogenous defenses are fully functional. DTAC and PTAC were positively correlated with the intake of known antioxidants, including vitamin C and polyphenols. The DTAC exhibited a negative correlation with lipid oxidative damage, while PTAC showed a negative correlation with DNA damage. This data contributes to better understanding of the recommended dietary antioxidant intake for promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stedile
- a Institute of Biotechnology , University of Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Raquel Canuto
- b Department of Social Medicine , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Juliane Souza de Sene
- a Institute of Biotechnology , University of Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Adriana Stolfo
- a Institute of Biotechnology , University of Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirian Salvador
- a Institute of Biotechnology , University of Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
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33
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Luan H, Liu LF, Tang Z, Zhang M, Chua KK, Song JX, Mok VCT, Li M, Cai Z. Comprehensive urinary metabolomic profiling and identification of potential noninvasive marker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13888. [PMID: 26365159 PMCID: PMC4568456 DOI: 10.1038/srep13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine metabolic phenotyping has been associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, few studies using a comprehensive metabolomics approach have investigated the correlation between changes in the urinary markers and the progression of clinical symptoms in PD. A comprehensive metabolomic study with robust quality control procedures was performed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS) to characterize the urinary metabolic phenotypes of idiopathic PD patients at three stages (early, middle and advanced) and normal control subjects, with the aim of discovering potential urinary metabolite markers for the diagnosis of idiopathic PD. Both GC-MS and LC-MS metabolic profiles of idiopathic PD patients differed significantly from those of normal control subjects. 18 differentially expressed metabolites were identified as constituting a unique metabolic marker associated with the progression of idiopathic PD. Related metabolic pathway variations were observed in branched chain amino acid metabolism, glycine derivation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Comprehensive, successive metabolomic profiling revealed changes in the urinary markers associated with progression of idiopathic PD. This profiling relies on noninvasive sampling, and is complementary to existing clinical modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Feng Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Kit Chua
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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34
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Nettle D, Monaghan P, Gillespie R, Brilot B, Bedford T, Bateson M. An experimental demonstration that early-life competitive disadvantage accelerates telomere loss. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20141610. [PMID: 25411450 PMCID: PMC4262165 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse experiences in early life can exert powerful delayed effects on adult survival and health. Telomere attrition is a potentially important mechanism in such effects. One source of early-life adversity is the stress caused by competitive disadvantage. Although previous avian experiments suggest that competitive disadvantage may accelerate telomere attrition, they do not clearly isolate the effects of competitive disadvantage from other sources of variation. Here, we present data from an experiment in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) that used cross-fostering to expose siblings to divergent early experience. Birds were assigned either to competitive advantage (being larger than their brood competitors) or competitive disadvantage (being smaller than their brood competitors) between days 3 and 12 post-hatching. Disadvantage did not affect weight gain, but it increased telomere attrition, leading to shorter telomere length in disadvantaged birds by day 12. There were no effects of disadvantage on oxidative damage as measured by plasma lipid peroxidation. We thus found strong evidence that early-life competitive disadvantage can accelerate telomere loss. This could lead to faster age-related deterioration and poorer health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Gillespie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ben Brilot
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Thomas Bedford
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Morath J, Moreno-Villanueva M, Hamuni G, Kolassa S, Ruf-Leuschner M, Schauer M, Elbert T, Bürkle A, Kolassa IT. Effects of psychotherapy on DNA strand break accumulation originating from traumatic stress. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 83:289-97. [PMID: 25116690 DOI: 10.1159/000362739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research reveals an association between traumatic stress and an increased risk for numerous diseases, including cancer. At the molecular level, stress may increase carcinogenesis via increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair mechanisms. We assessed DNA breakage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and measured the cellular capacity to repair single-strand breaks after exposure to ionizing X-radiation. We also investigated the effect of psychotherapy on both DNA breakage and DNA repair. METHODS In a first study we investigated DNA breakage and repair in 34 individuals with PTSD and 31 controls. Controls were subdivided into 11 trauma-exposed subjects and 20 individuals without trauma exposure. In a second study, we analysed the effect of psychotherapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy) on DNA breakage and repair. Thirty-eight individuals with PTSD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a waitlist control condition. Follow-up was performed 4 months and 1 year after therapy. RESULTS In study 1 we found higher levels of basal DNA breakage in individuals with PTSD and trauma-exposed subjects than in controls, indicating that traumatic stress is associated with DNA breakage. However, single-strand break repair was unimpaired in individuals with PTSD. In study 2, we found that psychotherapy reversed not only PTSD symptoms, but also DNA strand break accumulation. CONCLUSION Our results show - for the first time in vivo - an association between traumatic stress and DNA breakage; they also demonstrate changes at the molecular level, i.e., the integrity of DNA, after psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morath
- Center of Excellence for Psychotraumatology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Black CN, Bot M, Scheffer PG, Cuijpers P, Penninx BWJH. Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 51:164-75. [PMID: 25462890 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that depressed persons have increased oxidative stress and decreased anti-oxidant defences. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostanes, measures of oxidative DNA and lipid damage respectively, are among the most reliable oxidative stress markers, but studies on their association with depression show conflicting results. This meta-analysis quantifies the association between depression and these markers and explores factors that may explain inconsistencies in the results. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies assessing the association of 8-OHdG or F2-isoprostanes with elevated depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) were pooled in two random-effect models. RESULTS The pooled effect size (Hedges' g) for the association of depression with oxidative stress was 0.31 (p=0.01, I(2)=75%) for 8-OHdG (10 studies, 1308 subjects) and 0.48 (p=0.001, I(2)=73%) for F2-isoprostanes (8 studies, 2471 subjects), indicating that both markers are increased in depression. There was no indication of publication bias for either marker. The F2-isoprostane results did not differ by type of depression, biological specimen, laboratory method or quality, however subgroup analyses in the 8-OHdG studies showed significantly stronger associations in plasma/serum vs. urine samples (p<0.01), in measurements performed with immuno-assay vs. chromatography-mass spectrometry (p<0.01) and weaker associations in high quality studies vs. low (p=0.02). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis finds that oxidative stress, as measured by 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes, is increased in depression. Larger-scale studies are needed to extend the evidence on oxidative stress in depression, and examine the potential impact of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Black
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Scheffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Forsberg K, Aalling N, Wörtwein G, Loft S, Møller P, Hau J, Hageman I, Jørgensen MB, Jørgensen A. Dynamic regulation of cerebral DNA repair genes by psychological stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 778:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The psychological and physiological effects of acute occupational stress in new anesthesiology residents: a pilot trial. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:878-93. [PMID: 25093592 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational stress in resident physicians has profound implications for wellness, professionalism, and patient care. This observational pilot trial measured psychological and physiological stress biomarkers before, during, and after the start of anesthesia residency. METHODS Eighteen physician interns scheduled to begin anesthesia residency were recruited for evaluation at three time points: baseline (collected remotely before residency in June 2013); first-month visit 1 (July); and follow-up visit 2 (residency months 3 to 5, September-November). Validated scales were used to measure stress, anxiety, resilience, and wellness at all three time points. During visits 1 and 2, the authors measured resting heart-rate variability, responses to laboratory mental stress (hemodynamic, catecholamine, cortisol, and interleukin-6), and chronic stress indices (C-reactive protein, 24-h ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, 24-h urinary cortisol and catecholamines, overnight heart-rate variability). RESULTS Thirteen interns agreed to participate (72% enrollment). There were seven men and six women, aged 27 to 33 yr. The mean ± SD of all study variables are reported. CONCLUSION The novelty of this report is the prospective design in a defined cohort of residents newly exposed to the similar occupational stress of the operating environment. Because of the paucity of literature specific to the measures and stress conditions in this investigation, no data were available to generate a priori definition of primary outcomes and a data analytic plan. These findings will allow power analysis for future design of trials examining occupational stress and stress-reducing interventions. Given the importance of physician burnout in our country, the impact of chronic stress on resident wellness requires further study.
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Traumatic stress, oxidative stress and post-traumatic stress disorder: neurodegeneration and the accelerated-aging hypothesis. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1156-62. [PMID: 25245500 PMCID: PMC4211971 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated risk for a variety of age-related diseases and neurodegeneration. In this paper, we review evidence relevant to the hypothesis that chronic PTSD constitutes a form of persistent life stress that potentiates oxidative stress (OXS) and accelerates cellular aging. We provide an overview of empirical studies that have examined the effects of psychological stress on OXS, discuss the stress-perpetuating characteristics of PTSD, and then identify mechanisms by which PTSD might promote OXS and accelerated aging. We review studies on OXS-related genes and the role that they may have in moderating the effects of PTSD on neural integrity and conclude with a discussion of directions for future research on antioxidant treatments and biomarkers of accelerated aging in PTSD.
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Luan H, Liu LF, Meng N, Tang Z, Chua KK, Chen LL, Song JX, Mok VCT, Xie LX, Li M, Cai Z. LC-MS-based urinary metabolite signatures in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:467-78. [PMID: 25271123 DOI: 10.1021/pr500807t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that abnormal metabolic phenotypes in body fluids reflect the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). These body fluids include urine; however, the relationship between, specifically, urinary metabolic phenotypes and PD is not fully understood. In this study, urinary metabolites from a total of 401 clinical urine samples collected from 106 idiopathic PD patients and 104 normal control subjects were profiled by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our study revealed significant correlation between clinical phenotype and urinary metabolite profile. Metabolic profiles of idiopathic PD patients differed significantly and consistently from normal controls, with related metabolic pathway variations observed in steroidogenesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, histidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the alteration of the kynurenine pathway in tryptophan metabolism corresponded with pathogenic changes in the alpha-synuclein overexpressed Drosophila model of PD. The results suggest that LC-MS-based urinary metabolomic profiling can reveal the metabolite signatures and related variations in metabolic pathways that characterize PD. Consistent PD-related changes across species may provide the basis for understanding metabolic regulation of PD at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Science Tower T1304, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Golomb BA, Allison M, Koperski S, Koslik HJ, Devaraj S, Ritchie JB. Coenzyme Q10 benefits symptoms in Gulf War veterans: results of a randomized double-blind study. Neural Comput 2014; 26:2594-651. [PMID: 25149705 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We sought to assess whether coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) benefits the chronic multisymptom problems that affect one-quarter to one-third of 1990-1 Gulf War veterans, using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were 46 veterans meeting Kansas and Centers for Disease Control criteria for Gulf War illness. Intervention was PharmaNord (Denmark) CoQ10 100 mg per day (Q100), 300 mg per day (Q300), or an identical-appearing placebo for 3.5 ± 0.5 months. General self-rated health (GSRH), the primary outcome, differed across randomization arms at baseline, and sex significantly predicted GSRH change, compelling adjustment for baseline GSRH and prompting sex-stratified analysis. GSRH showed no significant benefit in the combined-sex sample. Among males (85% of participants), Q100 significantly benefited GSRH versus placebo and versus Q300, providing emphasis on Q100. Physical function (summary performance score, SPS) improved on Q100 versus placebo. A rise in CoQ10 approached significance as a predictor of improvement in GSRH and significantly predicted SPS improvement. Among 20 symptoms each present in half or more of the enrolled veterans, direction-of-difference on Q100 versus placebo was favorable for all except sleep problems; sign test 19:1, p=0.00004) with several symptoms individually significant. Significance for these symptoms despite the small sample underscores large effect sizes, and an apparent relation of key outcomes to CoQ10 change increases prospects for causality. In conclusion, Q100 conferred benefit to physical function and symptoms in veterans with Gulf War illness. Examination in a larger sample is warranted, and findings from this study can inform the conduct of a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A Golomb
- Departments of Medicine and of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.
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Wilcox RR, Granger DA, Szanton S, Clark F. Cortisol diurnal patterns, associations with depressive symptoms, and the impact of intervention in older adults: results using modern robust methods aimed at dealing with low power due to violations of standard assumptions. Horm Behav 2014; 65:219-25. [PMID: 24468639 PMCID: PMC3960304 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in salivary bioscience enable the widespread integration of biological measures into the behavioral and social sciences. While theoretical integration has progressed, much less attention has focused on analytical strategies and tactics. The statistical literature warns that common methods for comparing groups and studying associations can have relatively poor power compared to more modern robust techniques. Here we illustrate, in secondary data analyses using the USC Well Elderly II study (n=460, age 60-95, 66% female), that modern robust methods make a substantial difference when analyzing relations between salivary analyte and behavioral data. Analyses that deal with the diurnal pattern of cortisol and the association of the cortisol awakening response with depressive symptoms and physical well-being are reported. Non-significant results become significant when using improved methods for dealing with skewed distributions and outliers. Analytical strategies and tactics that employ modern robust methods have the potential to reduce the probability of both Type I and Type II errors in studies that compare salivary analytes between groups, across time, or examine associations with salivary analyte levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand R Wilcox
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA.
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Sarah Szanton
- School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA; School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Florence Clark
- Division of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, USA
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Nettle D, Monaghan P, Boner W, Gillespie R, Bateson M. Bottom of the heap: having heavier competitors accelerates early-life telomere loss in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83617. [PMID: 24386235 PMCID: PMC3873947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity is associated with poorer health and survival in adulthood in humans and other animals. One pathway by which early-life environmental stressors could affect the adult phenotype is via effects on telomere dynamics. Several studies have shown that early-life adversity is associated with relatively short telomeres, but these are often cross-sectional and usually correlational in design. Here, we present a novel experimental system for studying the relationship between early-life adversity and telomere dynamics using a wild bird, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). We used cross-fostering to experimentally assign sibling chicks to either small or large broods for twelve days of the growth period. We measured telomere length in red blood cells using quantitative PCR near the beginning of the experimental manipulation (4 days old), at the end of the experimental manipulation (15 days old), and once the birds were independent (55 days old). Being in a larger brood slowed growth and retarded wing development and the timing of fledging. We found no evidence that overall brood size affected telomere dynamics. However, the greater the number of competitors above the focal bird in the within-brood size hierarchy, the greater was the telomere loss during the period of the experimental manipulation. The number of competitors below the focal in the hierarchy had no effect. The effect of heavier competitors was still evident when we controlled for the weight of the focal bird at the end of the manipulation, suggesting it was not due to retarded growth per se. Moreover, the impact of early competition on telomeres was still evident at independence, suggesting persistence beyond early life. Our study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that social stress, in this case induced by the presence of a greater number of dominant competitors, accelerates the rate of telomere loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Gillespie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Jorgensen A, Broedbaek K, Fink-Jensen A, Knorr U, Greisen Soendergaard M, Henriksen T, Weimann A, Jepsen P, Lykkesfeldt J, Poulsen HE, Balslev Jorgensen M. Increased systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:417-23. [PMID: 23465294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a substantially increased somatic morbidity and mortality, which may partly be caused by accelerated cellular aging. Oxidative stress is an established mediator of aging and a suggested aetiological mechanism in both schizophrenia and age-related medical disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. We determined the urinary excretion of markers of systemic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, respectively, in 40 schizophrenia patients and 40 age- and sex-matched controls, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Measures of psychopathology, perceived stress and cortisol secretion were collected. Patients were re-examined after four months. We found a 20% increase in the median excretion of both markers in schizophrenia patients vs. healthy controls (P=0.003 and <0.001, respectively). This difference persisted after the adjustment for multiple demographical, lifestyle and metabolic factors. In patients, the marker excretion was not influenced by medication load, and was not driven by symptom severity, perceived stress or cortisol secretion, neither at baseline nor in relation to changes at follow-up. We conclude that schizophrenia is associated with increased systemic nucleic acid damage from oxidation, which could constitute a molecular link between schizophrenia and its associated signs of accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nettle D, Frankenhuis WE, Rickard IJ. The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131343. [PMID: 23843395 PMCID: PMC3730599 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies in humans have shown that adverse experience in early life is associated with accelerated reproductive timing, and there is comparative evidence for similar effects in other animals. There are two different classes of adaptive explanation for associations between early-life adversity and accelerated reproduction, both based on the idea of predictive adaptive responses (PARs). According to external PAR hypotheses, early-life adversity provides a 'weather forecast' of the environmental conditions into which the individual will mature, and it is adaptive for the individual to develop an appropriate phenotype for this anticipated environment. In internal PAR hypotheses, early-life adversity has a lasting negative impact on the individual's somatic state, such that her health is likely to fail more rapidly as she gets older, and there is an advantage to adjusting her reproductive schedule accordingly. We use a model of fluctuating environments to derive evolveability conditions for acceleration of reproductive timing in response to early-life adversity in a long-lived organism. For acceleration to evolve via the external PAR process, early-life cues must have a high degree of validity and the level of annual autocorrelation in the individual's environment must be almost perfect. For acceleration to evolve via the internal PAR process requires that early-life experience must determine a significant fraction of the variance in survival prospects in adulthood. The two processes are not mutually exclusive, and mechanisms for calibrating reproductive timing on the basis of early experience could evolve through a combination of the predictive value of early-life adversity for the later environment and its negative impact on somatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Good stress, bad stress and oxidative stress: insights from anticipatory cortisol reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1698-708. [PMID: 23490070 PMCID: PMC4028159 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress appears to accelerate biological aging, and oxidative damage is an important potential mediator of this process. However, the mechanisms by which psychological stress promotes oxidative damage are poorly understood. This study investigates the theory that cortisol increases in response to an acutely stressful event have the potential to either enhance or undermine psychobiological resilience to oxidative damage, depending on the body's prior exposure to chronic psychological stress. In order to achieve a range of chronic stress exposure, forty-eight post-menopausal women were recruited in a case-control design that matched women caring for spouses with dementia (a chronic stress model) with similarly aged control women whose spouses were healthy. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing perceived stress over the previous month and provided fasting blood. Three markers of oxidative damage were assessed: 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2α) (IsoP), lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxoG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reflecting oxidative damage to RNA/DNA respectively. Within approximately one week, participants completed a standardized acute laboratory stress task while salivary cortisol responses were measured. The increase from 0 to 30 min was defined as "peak" cortisol reactivity, while the increase from 0 to 15 min was defined as "anticipatory" cortisol reactivity, representing a cortisol response that began while preparing for the stress task. Women under chronic stress had higher 8-oxoG, oxidative damage to RNA (p<.01). A moderated mediation model was tested, in which it was hypothesized that heightened anticipatory cortisol reactivity would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and elevated oxidative stress damage, but only among women under chronic stress. Consistent with this model, bootstrapped path analysis found significant indirect paths from perceived stress to 8-oxoG and IsoP (but not 8-OHdG) via anticipatory cortisol reactivity, showing the expected relations among chronically stressed participants (p≤.01) Intriguingly, among those with low chronic stress exposure, moderate (compared to low) levels of perceived stress were associated with reduced levels of oxidative damage. Hence, this study supports the emerging model that chronic stress exposure promotes oxidative damage through frequent and sustained activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It also supports the less studied model of 'eustress' - that manageable levels of life stress may enhance psychobiological resilience to oxidative damage.
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Jorgensen A, Krogh J, Miskowiak K, Bolwig TG, Kessing LV, Fink-Jensen A, Nordentoft M, Henriksen T, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Jorgensen MB. Systemic oxidatively generated DNA/RNA damage in clinical depression: associations to symptom severity and response to electroconvulsive therapy. J Affect Disord 2013; 149:355-62. [PMID: 23497793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with increased oxidative stress and hypothesized to accelerate aging. Nucleic acid damage from oxidation is a critical part of the aging process, and a suggested early event in age-related somatic morbidities that are also prevalent in depression, such as dementia and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that increased severity of depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, and that this increase is attenuated by an effective antidepressant treatment. METHODS The urinary excretion of markers of systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), respectively, were determined in healthy controls (N=28), moderately depressed, non-medicated patients (N=26) and severely depressed patients eligible for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (N=29). In the severely depressed patient group, samples were also obtained 1 week after the completion of ECT. RESULTS Systemic RNA damage from oxidation, as measured by 8-oxoGuo excretion, was higher with increasing severity of depression (controls<moderately depressed<severely depressed) (P for trend=0.004). The 8-oxoGuo excretion was further increased after clinically effective ECT compared with pre-ECT values (P=0.006). There were no differences in 8-oxodG excretion between the groups or pre- vs. post-ECT. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and the inclusion of both unipolar and bipolar patients in the severely depressed group. CONCLUSIONS Severe depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated RNA damage, which may be an additional factor underlying the somatic morbidity and neurodegenerative features associated with depression. Due to the lack of normalization by clinically effective ECT, the phenomenon does not appear to be causally linked to the depressive state per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mice do not habituate to metabolism cage housing--a three week study of male BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58460. [PMID: 23505511 PMCID: PMC3591308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism cage is a barren, non-enriched, environment, combining a number of recognized environmental stressors. We investigated the ability of male BALB/c mice to acclimatize to this form of housing. For three weeks markers of acute and oxidative stress, as well as clinical signs of abnormality were monitored. Forced swim tests were conducted to determine whether the animals experienced behavioral despair and the serotonergic integrity was tested using an 8-OH-DPAT challenge. The metabolism cage housed mice excreted approximately tenfold higher amounts of corticosterone metabolites in feces throughout the study when compared to controls. Urinary biomarkers confirmed that these mice suffered from elevated levels of oxidative stress, and increased creatinine excretions indicated increased muscle catabolism. Changes in the core body temperature (stress-induced hyperthermia) and the fur state of the mice also indicated impaired well-being in the metabolism cage housed mice. However, monitoring body weight and feed intake was found misleading in assessing the wellbeing of mice over a longer time course, and the forced swim test was found poorly suited for studying chronic stress in mice in the present setup. In conclusion, the mice were found not to acclimatize to the metabolism cages whereby concern for animal welfare would dictate that mice should be housed in this way for as short periods as possible. The elevated degree of HPA axis activity, oxidative stress, and increased overall metabolism warrant caution when interpreting data obtained from metabolism cage housed mice, as their condition cannot be considered representative of a normal physiology.
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Jorgensen A, Maigaard K, Wörtwein G, Hageman I, Henriksen T, Weimann A, Møller P, Loft S, Hau J, Poulsen HE, Jorgensen MB. Chronic restraint stress in rats causes sustained increase in urinary corticosterone excretion without affecting cerebral or systemic oxidatively generated DNA/RNA damage. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:30-7. [PMID: 22960608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidatively generated damage to nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) may be a common mechanism underlying accelerated aging in psychological stress states and mental disorders. In the present study, we measured the urinary excretion of corticosterone and markers of systemic oxidative stress on nucleic acids, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), respectively, in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress. To reliably collect 24h urine samples, the full 3-week restraint stress paradigm was performed in metabolism cages. We further determined frontal cortex and hippocampal levels of oxidatively generated nuclear DNA damage, as measured by oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase sensitive sites detected by the comet assay, as well as the expression of genes involved in DNA repair (Ogg1 and Nudt1) and inflammation (Ccl2 and Tnf). The metabolism cage housing in itself did not significantly influence a range of biological stress markers. In the restraint stress group, there was a sustained 2.5 fold increase in 24h corticosterone excretion from day 2 after stress initiation. However, neither whole-body nor cerebral measures of nucleic acid damage from oxidation were affected by stress. In contrast, cerebral DNA repair enzymes exhibited a general trend towards an induction, which was significant for hippocampal Nudt1. The results and their implications for stress sensitivity and resilience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Effects of psychological stress on innate immunity and metabolism in humans: a systematic analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43232. [PMID: 23028447 PMCID: PMC3446986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is perhaps easiest to conceptualize as a process which allows an organism to accommodate for the demands of its environment such that it can adapt to the prevailing set of conditions. Psychological stress is an important component with the potential to affect physiology adversely as has become evident from various studies in the area. Although these studies have established numerous effects of psychological stress on physiology, a global strategy for the correlation of these effects has yet to begin. Our comparative and systematic analysis of the published literature has unraveled certain interesting molecular mechanisms as clues to account for some of the observed effects of psychological stress on human physiology. In this study, we attempt to understand initial phase of the physiological response to psychological stress by analyzing interactions between innate immunity and metabolism at systems level by analyzing the data available in the literature. In light of our gene association-networks and enrichment analysis we have identified candidate genes and molecular systems which might have some associative role in affecting psychological stress response system or even producing some of the observed terminal effects (such as the associated physiological disorders). In addition to the already accepted role of psychological stress as a perturbation that can disrupt physiological homeostasis, we speculate that it is potentially capable of causing deviation of certain biological processes from their basal level activity after which they can return back to their basal tones once the effects of stress diminish. Based on the derived inferences of our comparative analysis, we have proposed a probabilistic mechanism for how psychological stress could affect physiology such that these adaptive deviations are sometimes not able to bounce back to their original basal tones, and thus increase physiological susceptibility to metabolic and immune imbalance.
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