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Khan F, Pandey P, Verma M, Upadhyay TK. Terpenoid-Mediated Targeting of STAT3 Signaling in Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical Studies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:200. [PMID: 38397437 PMCID: PMC10886526 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most multifaceted and widespread illnesses affecting human health, causing substantial mortality at an alarming rate. After cardiovascular problems, the condition has a high occurrence rate and ranks second in terms of mortality. The development of new drugs has been facilitated by increased research and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the emergence and advancement of the disease. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have repeatedly demonstrated the protective effects of natural terpenoids against a range of malignancies. Numerous potential bioactive terpenoids have been investigated in natural sources for their chemopreventive and chemoprotective properties. In practically all body cells, the signaling molecule referred to as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is widely expressed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that STAT3 regulates its downstream target genes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and survivin, to promote the growth of cells, differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immune suppression in addition to chemotherapy resistance. Researchers viewed STAT3 as a primary target for cancer therapy because of its crucial involvement in cancer formation. This therapy primarily focuses on directly and indirectly preventing the expression of STAT3 in tumor cells. By explicitly targeting STAT3 in both in vitro and in vivo settings, it has been possible to explain the protective effect of terpenoids against malignant cells. In this study, we provide a complete overview of STAT3 signal transduction processes, the involvement of STAT3 in carcinogenesis, and mechanisms related to STAT3 persistent activation. The article also thoroughly summarizes the inhibition of STAT3 signaling by certain terpenoid phytochemicals, which have demonstrated strong efficacy in several preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India;
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
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Kumari R, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. Nature's Elixir for Cancer Treatment: Targeting Tumor-induced Neovascularization. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5281-5304. [PMID: 38425113 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673282525240222050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a multistep process, involves sprouting of new vessels from the pre-existing vessels in response to a stimulus in its microenvironment. Normally, angiogenesis is important for tissue maintenance and homeostasis, however it is also known to be associated with various pathologies, including cancer. Importantly, neovascularization is very crucial for tumors to grow and metastasize since it allows delivery of oxygen and nutrients as well as promotes tumor cell dissemination to distant sites. Activation of angiogenic switch is a consequence of imbalance in pro- as well as anti-angiogenic factors, that are immensely impacted by reactive oxygen species and epigenetic regulation. Several reports have suggested that angiogenic inhibitors significantly inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy has gained substantial attention and has been considered a rational approach in cancer therapeutics. In this line, several anti- angiogenic drugs have been approved, however, their long term usage caused several side effects. In view of this, researchers switched to plant-based natural compounds for identifying safe and cost-effective anti-angiogenic drugs. Of note, various phytochemicals have been evaluated to reduce tumor growth by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis. Moreover, the implication of nano-carriers to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals has proven to be more efficient anti-cancer agents. The present review highlights the existing knowledge on tumor-induced neovascularization and its regulation at the epigenetic level. Further, we emphasize the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals on tumor- induced angiogenesis that will open up new avenues in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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3
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Plehn S, Wagle S, Rupasinghe HV. Chaga mushroom triterpenoids as adjuncts to minimally invasive cancer therapies: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100137. [PMID: 38046279 PMCID: PMC10692653 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the second leading cause of death in the world. Integrative cancer therapy management is continuously evolving to enhance treatment outcomes. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) is a parasitic fungus acclaimed to contain pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value in the fight against cancer. In particular, triterpenoid constituents derived from Chaga mushrooms have been recognized for their anti-cancer activity after distinguished cytotoxicity was repeatedly observed in cancer cells treated in vitro with lipophilic fractions of extract compared to aqueous ones. Studies that investigate the anti-cancer activity of Chaga mushroom triterpenoids are reviewed in this article to determine which cancer cell lines demonstrate the greatest susceptibility to them while highlighting the structure-activity relationships that are involved. Triterpenoid supplementation as an adjunct to cancer treatment may be a viable option as inotodiol and 3-β-22 α-dihydroxylanosta-8, 25-diene-24-one have been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity similar to that of conventional drugs. Advances in addressing bioavailability challenges are also included in this review as studies include in vivo components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Plehn
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Sajeev Wagle
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada
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4
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Mei L, Xu L, Wu S, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang L, Zhang X, Yu C, Jiang H, Zhang X, Bai F, Xie C. Discovery, structural optimization, and anti-tumor bioactivity evaluations of betulinic acid derivatives as a new type of RORγ antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115472. [PMID: 37236000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that has a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. Here, computational methods such as pharmacophore screening and reverse docking were used to predict the potential target for BA. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) was confirmed as its target by several molecular assays as well as crystal complex structure determination. RORγ has been the focus of metabolic regulation, but its potential role in cancer treatment has only recently come to the fore. In this study, rationale optimization of BA was performed and several new derivatives were generated. Among them, the compound 22 showed stronger binding affinity with RORγ (KD = 180 nM), good anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell lines, and potent anti-tumor efficacy with a TGI value of 71.6% (at a dose of 15 mg/kg) in the HPAF-II pancreatic cancer xenograft model. Further RNA-seq analysis and cellular validation experiments supported that RORγ antagonism was closely related to the antitumor activity of BA and 22, resulting in suppression of the RAS/MAPK and AKT/mTORC1 pathway and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. RORγ was highly expressed in cancer cells and tissues and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. These results suggest that BA derivatives are potential RORγ antagonists worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghe Mei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lansong Xu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sanan Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- China Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Chengying Xie
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Tan E, Danışman‑Kalındemirtaş F, Karakuş S. Effective drug combinations of betulinic acid and ceranib-2 loaded Zn:MnO2 doped-polymeric nanocarriers against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113278. [PMID: 37003246 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of theranostic nanocarriers with synergistic drug combinations has received considerable attention due to their improved pharmaceutical activity. Herein, we reported an investigation about the in-vitro anticancer activity of ceranib-2 (Cer), betulinic acid (BA), and the combination of betulinic acid and ceranib-2 (BA-Cer) against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. For this purpose, first we designed a suitable nanocarrier using a novel Zn:MnO2 nanocomposite (NCs) and gallic acid (GA)-polylactic acid (PLA)-Alginate polymeric shell with nanoscale particle size and good stability. Chemical statements, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the nanocarrier have been illuminated with advanced characterization techniques. According to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, Zn:MnO2 NCs had a spherical and monodispersed morphology with a 2.03 ± 0.67 nm diameter. Moreover, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) results showed that Zn:MnO2 had paramagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 1.136 emu/g. Additionally, the in-vitro cytotoxic effects of the single and binary drugs loaded Zn:MnO2-doped polymeric nanocarriers against PC-3 prostate cancer cells were investigated. According to the results, there was no significant cytotoxic effect of free BA and Cer against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. However, BA/Zn:MnO2@GA-PLA-Alginate NCs, BA-Cer/Zn:MnO2 @GA-PLA-Alginate NCs and free BA-Cer had IC50 values of 6.498, 7.351, and 18.571 μg/mL, respectively. Consequently, BA-Cer/Zn:MnO2@GA-PLA-Alginate is a nanocarrier with good stability, enhanced drug loading and release capacity for hydrophobic drugs, as well as being used as both imaging and treatment agent due to its magnetic properties. Furthermore, BA and Cer drug combination showed great promise in prostate cancer therapy which is known to be resulted high drug resistance. We strongly believed that this work could lead to an investigation of the molecular mechanisms of BA-mediated cancer theapy.
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Betulinic acid and its ionic derivatives impaired growth of prostate cancer cells without induction of GRP78 and CHOP. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common invasive malignancy for men in the USA. The incidence and mortality rates of PCa are significantly higher among African American men, as compared to those in Caucasian men. Betulinic acid (BA) is a penta-cyclic triterpenoid that is often found in the bark of several species of plants. It possesses a variety of biological activities, including anti-cancer activities. We examined the cytotoxic effects and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by BA and its ionic derivatives with PCa cells derived from African Americans and Caucasian men. The viability of all PCa cells was reduced by the BA compounds, and the cytotoxicity of these BA compounds was independent of ethnicity and androgen dependency. The BA compounds induced modest effects on ER stress proteins when compared with ER stress inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin. The induction of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was largely correlated with the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)/caspase-3 in the PCa cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that BA compounds impaired the growth of PCa cells regardless of ethnicity – through GRP78- and CHOP-independent pathways.
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SESN2 Knockdown Increases Betulinic Acid-Induced Radiosensitivity of Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010177. [PMID: 36611970 PMCID: PMC9818433 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound well known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial effects and anti-tumor properties. Its enhanced cytotoxicity in tumor cells and induction of cell death in various cancer entities qualifies BA as an interesting candidate for novel treatment concepts. Our analyses showed enhanced cytotoxicity and radiosensitization under hypoxic conditions in human breast cancer cells. So far, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the BA-treated human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions based on microarray technology. Hypoxia and BA regulated a variety of genes in both breast cancer cell lines. KEGG pathway analysis identified an enrichment of the p53 pathway in MCF-7 cells (wtp53) under hypoxia. In MDA-MB-231 cells (mtp53) an additional BA incubation was required to activate the p53 signaling pathway. Fourteen down-regulated and up-regulated genes of the p53 pathway were selected for further validation via qRT-PCR in a panel of five breast cancer cell lines. The stress-induced gene Sestrin-2 (SESN2) was identified as one of the most strongly up-regulated genes after BA treatment. Knockdown of SESN2 enhanced BA-induced ROS production, DNA damage, radiosensitivity and reduced autophagy in breast cancer cells. Our results identified SESN2 as an important target to enhance the radiobiological and anti-tumor effects of BA on breast cancer cells.
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Farooqi AA, Turgambayeva A, Tashenova G, Tulebayeva A, Bazarbayeva A, Kapanova G, Abzaliyeva S. Multifunctional Roles of Betulinic Acid in Cancer Chemoprevention: Spotlight on JAK/STAT, VEGF, EGF/EGFR, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, AKT/mTOR and Non-Coding RNAs in the Inhibition of Carcinogenesis and Metastasis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010067. [PMID: 36615262 PMCID: PMC9822120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pursual of novel anticancer molecules from natural sources has gained worthwhile appreciation, and a significant fraction of conceptual knowledge has revolutionized our understanding about heterogeneous nature of cancer. Betulinic acid has fascinated interdisciplinary researchers due to its tremendous pharmacological properties. Ground-breaking discoveries have unraveled previously unprecedented empirical proof-of-concept about momentous chemopreventive role of betulinic acid against carcinogenesis and metastasis. Deregulation of cell signaling pathways has been reported to play a linchpin role in cancer progression and colonization of metastatically competent cancer cells to the distant organs for the development of secondary tumors. Importantly, betulinic acid has demonstrated unique properties to mechanistically modulate oncogenic transduction cascades. In this mini-review, we have attempted to provide a sophisticated compendium of regulatory role of betulinic acid in cancer chemoprevention. We have partitioned this multi-component review into different sections in which we summarized landmark research-works which highlighted betulinic acid mediated regulation of JAK/STAT, VEGF, EGF/EGFR, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, AKT/mTOR and ubiquitination pathways in the inhibition of cancer. In parallel, betulinic acid mediated regulation of signaling cascades and non-coding RNAs will be critically analyzed in cell culture and animal model studies. Better comprehension of the pharmaceutical features of betulinic acid and mapping of the existing knowledge gaps will be valuable in the translatability of preclinical studies into rationally designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Assiya Turgambayeva
- Department of Public Health and Management, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Tashenova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Tulebayeva
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Bazarbayeva
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Scientific Center of Anti-Infectious Drugs, 75 al-Faraby Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Symbat Abzaliyeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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10
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Aswathy M, Vijayan A, Daimary UD, Girisa S, Radhakrishnan KV, Kunnumakkara AB. Betulinic acid: A natural promising anticancer drug, current situation, and future perspectives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23206. [PMID: 36124371 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products serve as the single most productive source for the discovery of drugs and pharmaceutical leads. Among the various chemicals derived from microbes, plants, and animals, phytochemicals have emerged as potential candidates for the development of anticancer drugs due to their structural diversities, complexities, and pleiotropic effects. Herein, we discuss betulinic acid (BA), a ubiquitously distributed lupane structured pentacyclic triterpenoid, scrutinized as a promising natural agent for the prevention, suppression, and management of various human malignancies. Ease of availability, common occurrences, cell-specific cytotoxicity, and astonishing selectivity are the important factors that contribute to the development of BA as an anticancer agent. The current review delineates the mechanistic framework of BA-mediated cancer suppression through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and also summarizes the key outcomes of BA in preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniyamma Aswathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Uzini D Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kokkuvayil V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Ataş MN, Ertuğrul B, İplik ES, Çakmakoğlu B, Ergen A. The inhibitory effect of betulinic acid on epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in renal cell carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:170. [PMID: 35972672 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal cancer is the most lethal urological cancer and characterized by high metastasis rate at initial diagnosis and drug resistance to current chemotherapeutics. Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene with broad biological activity that occurs naturally in variety of plants. Even though the anti-cancer efficacy of betulinic acid have been reported by many studies, the information about the pathways and the molecules which are affected by betulinic acid in renal cancer are limited. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as the initial step of metastasis and contributes to drug resistance of cancer cells. Depending on the role of EMT in cancer progression and drug resistance, targeting EMT may represent an effective strategy in this context. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of betulinic acid on renal cell carcinoma cells by evaluating two EMT markers, SNAIL-1, and SDC-2. Following the treatment of betulinic acid at determined doses by WST-1 cytotoxicity assay in our previous study, SDC-2 expression level was decreased in both cell lines. Additionally, in correlation with this result, we also found a reduction in SDC-2 and SNAIL-1 protein levels which are measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the migration and invasion capacities were suppressed by betulinic acid treatment in metastatic renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that betulinic acid may constitute a potential treatment approach for renal cancer with further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Ataş
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Ertuğrul
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sinem İplik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Çakmakoğlu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Angre T, Kumar A, Singh AK, Thareja S, Kumar P. Role of collagen regulators in cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2956-2984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220501162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Collagen is the most important structural protein and also a main component of extra-cellular matrix (ECM). It plays a role in tumor progression. Collagen can be regulated by altering it’s biosynthesis pathway through various signaling pathways, receptors and genes. Activity of cancer cells can also be regulated by other ECM components like metalloproteinases, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and so on. Hypoxia is also one of the condition which leads to cancer progression by stimulating the expression of procollagen lysine as a collagen crosslinker, which increases the size of collagen fibres promoting cancer spread. The collagen content in cancerous cells leads to resistance in chemotherapy. So, to reduce this resistance, some of the collagen regulating therapies are introduced, which include inhibiting its biosynthesis, disturbing cancer cell signaling pathway, mediating ECM components and directly utilizing collagenase. This study is an effort to compile the strategies reported to control the collagen level and different collagen inhibitors reported so far. More research is needed in this area, growing understandings of collagen’s structural features and its role in cancer progression will aid in the advancement of newer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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13
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Ghosh A, Panda CK. Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1331-1340. [PMID: 34719363 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211022145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer carries a poor prognosis and has proven resistance to chemotherapy. Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids (PTAs) are natural bioactive compounds that have a well-known impact on cancer research because of their cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities. This review focuses on bladder cancer which can no longer be successfully treated by DNA damaging drugs. Unlike most of the existing drugs against bladder cancer, PTAs are non-toxic to normal cells. Collecting findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies, it has been concluded that PTAs may serve as promising agents in future bladder cancer therapy. In this review, the roles of various PTAs in bladder cancer have been explored, and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of bladder cancer have been described. Specific PTAs have been shortlisted from each of the chief skeletons of pentacyclic triterpenoids, which could be effective against bladder cancer because of their mode of action. This review thereby throws light on the multi targets and mechanisms of PTAs, which are responsible for their selective anticancer effects and provides guidelines for further research and development of new natural antitumor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Ghosh
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata. India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata. India
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14
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Park HJ, Park SH. Root Bark of Morus Alba L. Induced p53-Independent Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells by Suppression of STAT3 Activity. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1837-1848. [PMID: 34533079 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1968444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The root bark of Morus alba L. (MA) used in traditional oriental medicine exerts various bioactivities including anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the methylene chloride extract of MA (MEMA)-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We observed that MEMA decreased cell viability and colony formation in both HCT116 p53+/+ cells and HCT116 p53-/- cells. In addition, MEMA increased the sub-G1 phase DNA content, the annexin V-positive cell population, and the expression of apoptosis marker proteins in both cell lines, indicating that MEMA induced apoptosis regardless of the p53 status. Interestingly, the phosphorylation level, transcriptional activity, and target genes expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were commonly decreased by MEMA. The overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 in HCT116 cells reversed MEMA-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that MEMA-triggered apoptosis was mediated by the inactivation of STAT3. Taken together, we suggest that MEMA can be applied not only to p53 wild-type CRC in the early stages but also to p53-mutant advanced CRC with hyperactivated STAT3. Even though a wide range of studies are required to validate the anticancer effects of MEMA, we propose MEMA as a novel material for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Betulinic acid in the treatment of tumour diseases: Application and research progress. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111990. [PMID: 34388528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpene compound that can be obtained by separation, chemical synthesis and biotransformation from birch. BA has antitumour activity, and its mechanisms of action mainly include the induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress; the regulation of specificity protein transcription factors, and the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways. In addition, BA can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to other chemotherapy drugs. Recent studies have shown that BA plays an anticancer role in several kinds of tumour diseases. In this article, the anticancer mechanism of BA and its application in the treatment of tumour diseases are reviewed.
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Chiu CF, Chang HY, Huang CY, Mau CZ, Kuo TT, Lee HC, Huang SY. Betulinic Acid Affects the Energy-Related Proteomic Profiling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092482. [PMID: 33923185 PMCID: PMC8123215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a 5-year survival rate of <8%. Therefore, finding new treatment strategies against PDAC cells is an imperative issue. Betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived natural compound, has shown great potential to combat cancer owing to its versatile physiological functions. In this study, we observed the impacts of BA on the cell viability and migratory ability of PDAC cell lines, and screened differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by an LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analysis. Our results showed that BA significantly inhibited the viability and migratory ability of PDAC cells under a relatively low dosage without affecting normal pancreatic cells. Moreover, a functional analysis revealed that BA-induced downregulation of protein clusters that participate in mitochondrial complex 1 activity and oxidative phosphorylation, which was related to decreased expressions of RNA polymerase mitochondrial (POLRMT) and translational activator of cytochrome c oxidase (TACO1), suggesting that the influence on mitochondrial function explains the effect of BA on PDAC cell growth and migration. In addition, BA also dramatically increased Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) expression and decreased NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) expression, which may be involved in the dampening of PDAC migration. Notably, altered expression patterns of APOA1 and NLRC4 indicated a favorable clinical prognosis of PDAC. Based on these findings, we identified potential proteins and pathways regulated by BA from a proteomics perspective, which provides a therapeutic window for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Z.M.)
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Z.M.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yine Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Zou Mau
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Z.M.)
| | - Tzu-Ting Kuo
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Z.M.)
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (S.-Y.H.)
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Wang T, Yu L, Song H. Redox/NIR dual-responsive PEG-betulinic acid/pluronic-cypate prodrug micelles for chemophotothermal therapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Gyawali A, Kim MH, Kang YS. A novel organic cation transporter involved in paeonol transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier and changes in uptake in high glucose conditions. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108387. [PMID: 33301773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol exerts various pharmacological effects owing to its antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. We aimed to investigate the transport mechanism of paeonol across the inner blood-retinal barrier both in vitro and in vivo. The carotid artery single injection method was used to investigate the retina uptake index of paeonol. The retina uptake index (RUI) value of [³H]paeonol was dependent on both concentration and pH. This value decreased significantly in the presence of imperatorin, tramadol, and pyrilamine when compared to the control. However, para-aminohippuric acid, choline, and taurine had no effect on the RUI value. Conditionally immortalized rat retina capillary endothelial cells (TR-iBRB cell lines) were used as an in vitro model of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The uptake of [³H]paeonol by the TR-iBRB cell lines was found to be time-, concentration-, and pH-dependent. However, the uptake was unaffected by the absence of sodium or by membrane potential disruption. Moreover, in vitro structural analog studies revealed that [³H]paeonol uptake was inhibited in the presence of organic cationic compounds including imperatorin, clonidine and tramadol. This is consistent with the results obtained in vivo. In addition, transfections with OCTN1, 2 or plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) small interfering RNA did not affect paeonol uptake in TR-iBRB cell lines. Upon pre-incubation of these cell lines with high glucose (HG) media, [3H]paeonol uptake decreased and mRNA expression levels of angiogenetic factors, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased. However, after the pretreatment of unlabeled paeonol in HG conditions, the mRNA levels of VEGF and HIF-1 were comparatively reduced, and the [3H]paeonol uptake rate was restored. After being exposed to inflammatory conditions induced by glutamate, TNF-α, and LPS, paeonol and propranolol pretreatment significantly increased the uptake of both [3H]paeonol and [3H]propranolol in TR-iBRB cell lines compared to their respective controls. Our results demonstrate that the transport of paeonol to the retina across the iBRB may involve the proton-coupled organic cation antiporter system, and the uptake of paeonol is changed by HG conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gyawali
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Kutkowska J, Strzadala L, Rapak A. Hypoxia increases the apoptotic response to betulinic acid and betulin in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109320. [PMID: 33181113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid and betulin show promising activity against cancers cells, but the mechanism of their action is still unclear. In this study, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: A549, H358 and NCI-H1703 were treated with betulinic acid and betulin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions as hypoxia is critically involved in the response of solid tumors to chemotherapy. The treatment inhibits viability and proliferation of NSCLC cells. The anti-proliferative effect was induced by G1 cell cycle arrest with increased p21 expression and decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 expression. Additionally, downregulation of p-GSK3β activity and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also observed under hypoxia. We found that hypoxia increased apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Cell death was associated with changes in the expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and induction of apoptotic death by caspase activation. Additionally, hypoxia exposure deregulated HIF-1α and p53 expression levels. Importantly, treatment with betulinic acid and betulin reduced colony-forming ability under normoxia, however, only betulinic acid reduced clonogenic activity under hypoxia. Our findings that betulinic acid increases apoptotic cell death and clonogenic activity under hypoxic conditions reveal new attractive strategies for treating hypoxic cancer tumors, such as NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kutkowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leon Strzadala
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland.
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20
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Hu C, Hui K, Jiang X. Effects of microRNA regulation on antiangiogenic therapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110557. [PMID: 32836072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic drugs have become a standard therapeutic regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, many issues remain to be solved. Identifying specific markers to predict patient response to antiangiogenic drugs to ensure therapeutic efficacy would increase their clinical benefit. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, as they regulate various key signaling pathways. Therefore, miRNAs may be used as targets for reversing tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of antiangiogenic therapy resistance and the specific mechanisms of miRNA regulation of resistance. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of multiple target genes of miRNAs, and is closely related to antiangiogenic research. Thus, it is described separately in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Hui
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City 222002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City 222002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City 222002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Preetham HD, Chandra Nayaka S, Gupta VK, Basappa S, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Targeting STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer by agents derived from Mother Nature. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:157-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Deng Y, Zhao P, Deng W, Zhang J, Luo J, Li R. Fraxetin Suppresses Proliferation of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Preventing Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 248:3-12. [PMID: 31080186 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.248.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent histologic sub-type. It is therefore urgent to develop novel agents for the treatment of NSCLC. Fraxetin (FXT) is a potent plant-derived product and has been recognized as a promising anticancer agent for breast cancer and osteosarcoma. However, the anti-cancer potential of FXT for NSCLC remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, in the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of FXT on the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells using six human NSCLC cell lines: A549, H460, HCC827, H1650, PC-9 and H1975. FXT exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of these cancer cell lines. By contrast, no inhibitory effect was observed on the viability of non-cancer lung cell lines even at the highest concentration of FXT (100 μM). Among the NSCLC cell lines, HCC827 and H1650 cells showed the most sensitive to FXT. Accordingly, HCC827 and H1650 cells were used for the subsequent experiments. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that FXT caused a significant cell cycle arrest and pro-apoptotic effects. Mechanistically, FXT suppressed the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine residue (Tyr705) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) probably by binding to STAT3. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations studies indicated that FXT interacts with STAT3 through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. In conclusion, these findings suggest that FXT could be a promising lead compound to be used as a novel STAT3 inhibitor and potential antitumor agent for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Peizhu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Rongqing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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Determination of SIRT1 rs12778366, FGFR2 rs2981582, STAT3 rs744166, and RAGE rs1800625 Single Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3907232. [PMID: 31781300 PMCID: PMC6875326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3907232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the frequency of the genotype of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) rs744166, sirtuin (SIRT1) rs12778366, fibroblast growth factor (FGFR2) rs2981582, and advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (RAGE) rs1800625 gene polymorphisms in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods A total of 944 subjects were evaluated, which includes 144 patients with LSCC and 800 healthy controls. The genotyping of STAT3 rs744166, SIRT1 rs12778366, FGFR2 rs2981582, and RAGE rs1800625 was carried out using the RT-PCR. Results The analysis of STAT3 rs744166, SIRT1 rs12778366, and FGFR2 rs2981582 gene polymorphisms did not reveal any differences in genotype distribution between the patients with LSCC and the control subjects. However, statistical analysis revealed that genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) of rs1800625 in RAGE gene were distributed statistically significantly differently between patients and controls (61.1%, 30.6%, and 23.6% vs. 72.5%, 25.8%, and 1.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). Additionally, statistical significance was observed in allele distribution between these two groups, i.e., allele G at rs1800625 was more frequently observed in the patient group than in controls (23.6% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusion RAGE rs1800625 gene polymorphism may play a significant role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma development.
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Evaluation of the Betulinic Acid-Cisplatin conjugate APC and its precursor DE9B for the treatment of human malignant glioma. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108841. [PMID: 31586452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of multimodal therapy concepts, glioblastoma remains a tumor type with one of the worst prognoses. In particular, the poor prognosis is due to the lack of therapeutic efficacy of chemical agents and irradiation in hypoxic tumor areas. New therapeutic strategies could improve the treatment of glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a conjugate of cisplatin (DDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, and betulinic acid (BA), a natural product from plane tree bark, in glioblastoma cells under different oxygen conditions. We investigated the effects of the BA-DDP conjugate κN',N''-{3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide} dichlorido platinum(II) (APC) and its precursor 3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide (DE9B) on cytotoxicity, cell growth, apoptosis, migration and radiosensitivity compared to BA or DDP alone under different oxygen conditions. Based on the EC50 values, the precursor DE9B exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects of the analyzed chemotherapeutic agents. The BA-DDP conjugate APC achieved a moderate cytotoxic effect in glioma cells. Both of the newly developed agents induced cell growth delay, apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Furthermore, additive effects could be achieved in combination with irradiation. In contrast to those of BA and DDP, the cell biological effects of APC and DE9B were not influenced by the oxygen concentration. In this study, the linking of BA and DDP did not produce a compound with additive therapeutic effects on glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest that the precursor DE9B is an effective BA derivative for the treatment of glioblastoma in vitro.
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Betulinic Acid Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting GRP78-Mediated Glycolysis and ER Stress Apoptotic Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8781690. [PMID: 31531187 PMCID: PMC6721262 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8781690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting aberrant metabolism is a promising strategy for inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis. Research is now geared towards investigating the inhibition of glycolysis for anticancer drug development. Betulinic acid (BA) has demonstrated potent anticancer activities in multiple malignancies. However, its regulatory effects on glycolysis and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. BA inhibited invasion and migration of highly aggressive breast cancer cells. Moreover, BA could suppress aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer cells presenting as a reduction of lactate production, quiescent energy phenotype transition, and downregulation of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In this study, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was also identified as the molecular target of BA in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. BA treatment led to GRP78 overexpression, and GRP78 knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of BA on glycolysis. Further studies demonstrated that overexpressed GRP78 activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor PERK. Subsequent phosphorylation of eIF2α led to the inhibition of β-catenin expression, which resulted in the inhibition of c-Myc-mediated glycolysis. Coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that BA interrupted the binding between GRP78 and PERK, thereby initiating the glycolysis inhibition cascade. Finally, the lung colonization model validated that BA inhibited breast cancer metastasis in vivo, as well as suppressed the expression of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In conclusion, our study not only provided a promising drug for aerobic glycolysis inhibition but also revealed that GRP78 is a novel molecular link between glycolytic metabolism and ER stress during tumor metastasis.
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Amiri S, Dastghaib S, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Khadem F, Behrouj H, Aghanoori MR, Machaj F, Ghamsari M, Rosik J, Hudecki A, Afkhami A, Hashemi M, Los MJ, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Ghavami S. Betulin and its derivatives as novel compounds with different pharmacological effects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107409. [PMID: 31220568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulin (B) and Betulinic acid (BA) are natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoids which possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. Recent evidence indicates that B and BA have several properties useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological disorders. In the current review, we discuss B and BA structures and derivatives and then comprehensively explain their pharmacological effects in relation to various diseases. We also explain antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects of B and BA. Finally, we discuss the delivery methods, in which these compounds most effectively target different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Amiri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mahdi Ghamsari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hudecki
- Institue of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marek J Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, ul Bolesława Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, Poland; Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Teknikringen 10, Plan 3, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Betulinic acid suppresses breast cancer aerobic glycolysis via caveolin-1/NF-κB/c-Myc pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 161:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu K, Zhang J, Wang H. Small ubiquitin-like modifier/sentrin-specific peptidase 1 associates with chemotherapy and is a risk factor for poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22611. [PMID: 30043429 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUMO/sentrin-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) was associated with radioresistance of cancer cells and was upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was to investigate the association of SENP1 with resistance of NSCLC tumor to chemoradiotherapy. METHODS Sentrin-specific peptidase 1 expression profile was detected using the immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. The relative expression level of SENP1 mRNA was detected using qRT-PCR. The response to chemoradiotherapy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION When compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, the overexpression of SENP1 mRNA and protein in NSCLC tumor tissues was determined using qRT-PCR and immunochemistry. Based on the chemoradiotherapy response rate, we found that NSCLC patients with higher SENP1 expression showed lower rates of complete response and higher partial and non-response rate to chemoradiotherapy. In the overall survival analysis, we found patients with high SENP1 expression showed significant shorter survival time compared with those with low SENP1 expression. In the multivariate Cox regression model, we found SENP1 overexpression, TNM stage, and lymph metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of NSCLC. SENP1 overexpression contributed to chemoradiotherapy resistance of NSCLC. The overexpression of SENP1 could be used as a risk factor for the poor prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Saeed MEM, Mahmoud N, Sugimoto Y, Efferth T, Abdel-Aziz H. Betulinic Acid Exerts Cytotoxic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells via Targeting Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor (AMFR). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:481. [PMID: 29867487 PMCID: PMC5962668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BetA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the outer bark of white-barked birch trees and many other medicinal plants. Here, we studied betulinic acid's cytotoxic activity against drug-resistant tumor cell lines. P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) are known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters that mediating MDR. ABCB5 is a close relative to ABCB1, which also mediates MDR. Constitutive activation of the EGF receptor is tightly linked to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. BetA inhibited P-gp, BCRP, ABCB5 and mutation activated EGFR overexpressing cells with similar efficacy as their drug-sensitive parental counterparts. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of ABCB1, BCRP, ABCB5 and EGFR were not related to the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) for BetA in a panel of 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. In addition to well-established MDR mechanisms, we attempted to identify other molecular mechanisms that play a role in mediating BetA's cytotoxic activity. For this reason, we performed COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of the transcriptome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression of the NCI cell lines panel. Various genes significantly correlating to BetA's activity were involved in different biological processes, e.g., cell cycle regulation, microtubule formation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, cell adhesion, tumor suppression, ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Immunoblotting and in silico analyses revealed that the inhibition of AMFR activity might be one of the mechanisms for BetA to overcome MDR phenotypes. In conclusion, BetA may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Medical and Clinical Affairs Phytomedicines, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
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Islam MS, Akhtar MM, Segars JH, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Molecular targets of dietary phytochemicals for possible prevention and therapy of uterine fibroids: Focus on fibrosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3583-3600. [PMID: 28609115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1245649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (myomas or leiomyomas) are common benign tumors of reproductive aged women. Fibroids are clinically apparent in 20-50% of women, and cause abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, pregnancy complications and infertility. Unfortunately, limited numbers of medical treatment are available but no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the benefits of medical treatments are tempered by lack of efficacy or serious adverse side effects. Fibrosis has recently been recognized as a key pathological event in leiomyoma development and growth. It is defined by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM plays important role in making bulk structure of leiomyoma, and ECM-rich rigid structure is believed to be a cause of abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain/pressure. Dietary phytochemicals are known to regulate fibrotic process in different biological systems, and being considered as potential tool to manage human health. At present, very few dietary phytochemicals have been studied in uterine leiomyoma, and they are mostly known for their antiproliferative effects. Therefore, in this review, our aim was to introduce some dietary phytochemicals that could target fibrotic processes in leiomyoma. Thus, this review could serve as useful resource to develop antifibrotic drugs for possible prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,b Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Rajshahi , Rajshahi , Bangladesh
| | - Most Mauluda Akhtar
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,c Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - James H Segars
- d Howard W. and Georgeanna Seegar Jones Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Mario Castellucci
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,e Department of Information Engineering , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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Chen H, Liu P, Zhang T, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Shen X, Li X, Shen W. Effects of diphyllin as a novel V-ATPase inhibitor on TE-1 and ECA-109 cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:921-928. [PMID: 29328465 PMCID: PMC5802041 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphyllin is a natural component of traditional Chinese medicine, which effectively inhibits V-ATPase activity and affects the progression of cancer. However, few studies have been conducted on esophageal cancer, and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study revealedthat diphyllin inhibited proliferation and induced S arrest in esophageal cancer cell lines TE-1 and ECA-109. Further experiments revealed that diphyllin inhibited V-ATPase activity and decreased the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The present study also revealed that diphyllin inhibited proliferation and reduced the formation of new blood vessels. Diphyllin inhibited blood metastasis by regulating the mTORC1/HIF-1α-/VEGF pathway, therefore it could be considered as a new V-ATPase inhibitor to treat esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yingdi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Dangroo NA, Singh J, Rath SK, Gupta N, Qayum A, Singh S, Sangwan PL. A convergent synthesis of novel alkyne-azide cycloaddition congeners of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agent. Steroids 2017; 123:1-12. [PMID: 28435038 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavour to develop potent anti-tumor agents from betulinic acid (BA), a series of C-28 derived 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives were designed and synthesized by employing Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. All the derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxic activity by MTT assay against five different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), colon (HCT116), prostate (PC3), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and breast (T47D). The data revealed that compounds 11c, 11d, 11g, 11h and 13a possess most promising cytotoxic potential. The compound 11h was one of the most active compounds, with IC50 values in the range of 4-6µM against all the five cancer cell lines. The results of this study suggested that derivatives with free -OH (11c, 11d and 11g) and free -COOH (11h and 13a) substitutions in the triazole moiety introduced at the C-28 position significantly improved the anti-tumor activity and may be the favourable position to synthesize potent anticancer leads from BA. Introduction of a non polar alkyl groups at C-28 position (10, 12 and 14) resulted in the significant loss of the activity. Further, DAPI staining, ROS generation and wound healing experiments revealed that compound 11h induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar A Dangroo
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Santosh K Rath
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India.
| | - Payare L Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India.
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Glebauskiene B, Vilkeviciute A, Liutkeviciene R, Jakstiene S, Kriauciuniene L, Zemaitiene R, Zaliuniene D. Association of FGFR2 rs2981582, SIRT1 rs12778366, STAT3 rs744166 gene polymorphisms with pituitary adenoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3087-3099. [PMID: 28521414 PMCID: PMC5431252 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the association between sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) polymorphisms, and pituitary adenoma (PA) development, invasiveness, hormonal activity and recurrence. The present study included 143 patients with a diagnosis of PA. The reference group involved 808 healthy subjects. The genotyping of SIRT1 rs12778366, FGFR2 rs2981582 and STAT3 rs744166 was performed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. The SIRT1 rs12778366 polymorphism analysis in the overall group revealed differences in the genotype distribution between patients with PA and control group subjects. The rs12778366 T/C genotype was observed to be different in non-invasive, non-recurrent and inactive PA subgroups compared with the control group, while the C/C genotype was observed to be different in invasive, recurrent and active PA subgroups compared with the control group. STAT3 rs744166 polymorphism analysis in the overall group revealed differences in the genotype distribution between patients with PA and the control groups. The rs744166 G/G genotype was observed to be different in invasive, non-recurrent and active PA subgroups compared with the control group, while the rs744166 A/A genotype was observed to be different in the active PA subgroup compared with the control group, and was also different in terms of invasiveness and recurrence in PA subgroups. The present study demonstrated that SIRT1 rs12778366 is associated with pituitary adenoma development while STAT3 rs744166 is associated with PA invasiveness, hormonal activity and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Glebauskiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Jakstiene
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Reda Zemaitiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Zaliuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Varinska L, Kubatka P, Mojzis J, Zulli A, Gazdikova K, Zubor P, Büsselberg D, Caprnda M, Opatrilova R, Gasparova I, Klabusay M, Pec M, Fibach E, Adamek M, Kruzliak P. Angiomodulators in cancer therapy: New perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:578-590. [PMID: 28258040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels plays a crucial for the development and progression of pathophysiological changes associated with a variety of disorders, including carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis inhibitors (anti-angiogenics) are an important part of treatment for some types of cancer. Some natural products isolated from marine invertebrates have revealed antiangiogenic activities, which are diverse in structure and mechanisms of action. Many preclinical studies have generated new models for further modification and optimization of anti-angiogenic substances, and new information for mechanistic studies and new anti-cancer drug candidates for clinical practice. Moreover, in the last decade it has become apparent that galectins are important regulators of tumor angiogenesis, as well as microRNA. MicroRNAs have been validated to modulate endothelial cell migration or endothelial tube organization. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of marine-derived natural products, galectins and microRNAs in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Klabusay
- Department of Haemato-Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
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Synthesis, characterization and augmented anticancer potential of PEG-betulinic acid conjugate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:616-626. [PMID: 28183653 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupine-type triterpene, is reported to inhibit cell growth in a variety of cancers. However, its efficacy is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and relatively short half-life. In this study, BA-monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) conjugate was synthesized by covalent coupling the C-28 carboxylic acid position of BA with amine groups of mPEG, in order to improve its solubility and anticancer efficacy. mPEG-BA conjugate was characterized using various analytical techniques including NMR, FT-IR and MALDI-MS. The mPEG-BA conjugate was cytotoxic, demonstrated internalization and induced cell apoptosis in Hep3B and Huh7 hepatic cancer cells. The western-blot analysis revealed, marked decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and increase in cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase-3 expressions. In vivo studies in Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model following intravenous administration demonstrated significant reduction in tumor volume in case of PEGylated BA as compare to native BA. Furthermore, PEGylated BA treated EAT mice showed no biochemical and histological toxicities. These findings demonstrate the potential of PEGylated BA in cancer therapy, with improved water solubility and efficacy.
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Luo R, Fang D, Chu P, Wu H, Zhang Z, Tang Z. Multiple molecular targets in breast cancer therapy by betulinic acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1321-1330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Zhang X, Hu J, Chen Y. Betulinic acid and the pharmacological effects of tumor suppression (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4489-4495. [PMID: 27748864 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin from tree bark, has the potential to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells without toxicity towards normal cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor pharmacological effects of BA consist of triggering apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, regulating the cell cycle and the angiogenic pathway via factors, including specificity protein transcription factors, cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways, preventing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and affecting the expression of topoisomerase I, p53 and lamin B1. In previous years, several studies have shown its antitumor effect, initially applied to malignant melanoma, however, it also has broad efficacies against most solid types of tumor from different regions of the body. There have been few investigations in hematological malignancies, however, this direction may offer potential in such a novel field of research. In this review, the primary pharmacological effects of BA in tumors, particularly in hematological malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Zhu S, Hong J, Soutto M, Peng D, Belkhiri A, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Gastric tumour-derived ANGPT2 regulation by DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis. Gut 2016; 65:925-34. [PMID: 25779598 PMCID: PMC4573388 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32), and its truncated isoform (t-DARPP) are associated with gastric tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of DARPP-32 proteins in regulating angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and promoting tumour angiogenesis. DESIGN Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and angiogenesis assays were applied to investigate the regulation of angiogenesis by DARPP-32 proteins. RESULTS Overexpression of DARPP-32 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of ANGPT2 in gastric cancer cells. The overexpression of DARPP-32 T34A mutant or the N-terminal truncated isoform, t-DARPP, led to similar effects ruling out the T34-dependent regulation of protein phosphatase 1 activity in regulating ANGPT2. DARPP-32 proteins induced a secreted form of ANGPT2, which was detectable in the media, functionally active, and able to induce angiogenesis, measured by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay. Antibody blocking of the secreted ANGPT2 abrogated its function. To identify the mechanism by which DARPP-32 regulates ANGPT2, we examined the activities of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), known regulators of angiogenesis. The results ruled out NF-κB and showed induction of STAT3 phosphorylation, activation and nuclear localisation. Inhibition or knockdown of STAT3 significantly attenuated the induction of ANGPT2 by DARPP-32 proteins. In vivo xenograft models demonstrated that overexpression of DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth. Analyses of human gastric cancer tissues showed a strong correlation between DARPP-32 and ANGPT2. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings establish the role of DARPP-32-STAT3 axis in regulating ANGPT2 in cancer cells to promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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39
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A comprehensive assessment of networks and pathways of hypoxia-associated proteins and identification of responsive protein modules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-016-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Hsu TI, Chen YJ, Hung CY, Wang YC, Lin SJ, Su WC, Lai MD, Kim SY, Wang Q, Qian K, Goto M, Zhao Y, Kashiwada Y, Lee KH, Chang WC, Hung JJ. A novel derivative of betulinic acid, SYK023, suppresses lung cancer growth and malignancy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13671-87. [PMID: 25909174 PMCID: PMC4537041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect and molecular mechanisms of a novel betulinic acid (BA) derivative, SYK023, by using two mouse models of lung cancer driven by KrasG12D or EGFRL858R. We found that SYK023 inhibits lung tumor proliferation, without side effects in vivo or cytotoxicity in primary lung cells in vitro. SYK023 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Blockage of ER stress in SYK023-treated cells inhibited SYK023-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found that the expression of cell cycle-related genes, including cyclin A2, B1, D3, CDC25a, and CDC25b decreased but, while those of p15INK4b, p16INK4a, and p21CIP1 increased following SYK023 treatment. Finally, low doses of SYK023 significantly decreased lung cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Expression of several genes related to cell migration, including synaptopodin, were downregulated by SYK023, thereby impairing F-actin polymerization and metastasis. Therefore, SYK023 may be a potentially therapeutic treatment for metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Hsu
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoshiki Kashiwada
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Betulinyl Sulfamates as Anticancer Agents and Radiosensitizers in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26249-62. [PMID: 26540049 PMCID: PMC4661812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a natural compound of birch bark, is cytotoxic for many tumors. Recently, a betulinyl sulfamate was described that inhibits carbonic anhydrases (CA), such as CAIX, an attractive target for tumor-selective therapy strategies in hypoxic cancer cells. Data on combined CAIX inhibition with radiotherapy are rare. In the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 and MCF7, the effects of BA and betulinyl sulfamates on cellular and radiobiological behavior under normoxia and hypoxia were evaluated. The two most effective betulinyl sulfamates CAI 1 and CAI 3 demonstrated a 1.8–2.8-fold higher cytotoxicity than BA under normoxia in breast cancer cells, with IC50 values between 11.1 and 18.1 µM. BA exhibits its strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 8.2 and 16.4 µM under hypoxia. All three substances show a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis, inhibition of migration, and inhibition of hypoxia-induced gene expression. In combination with irradiation, betulinyl sulfamates act as radiosensitizers, with DMF10 values of 1.47 (CAI 1) and 1.75 (CAI 3) under hypoxia in MDA-MB231 cells. BA showed additive effects in combination with irradiation. Taken together; our results suggest that BA and betulinyl sulfamates seem to be attractive substances to combine with radiotherapy; particularly for hypoxic breast cancer.
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Rocha GA, Rocha AMC, Gomes AD, Faria CL, Melo FF, Batista SA, Fernandes VC, Almeida NBF, Teixeira KN, Brito KS, Queiroz DMM. STAT3 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori CagA strains with higher number of EPIYA-C segments independently increase the risk of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:528. [PMID: 26186918 PMCID: PMC4506573 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because to date there is no available study on STAT3 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Western populations and taking into account that Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA-C segment deregulates SHP-2/ERK-JAK/STAT3 pathways, we evaluated whether the two variables are independently associated with gastric cancer. Methods We included 1048 subjects: H. pylori-positive patients with gastric carcinoma (n = 232) and with gastritis (n = 275) and 541 blood donors. Data were analyzed using logistic regression model. Results The rs744166 polymorphic G allele (p = 0.01; OR = 1.76; 95 % CI = 1.44-2.70), and CagA-positive (OR = 12.80; 95 % CI = 5.58-19.86) status were independently associated with gastric cancer in comparison with blood donors. The rs744166 polymorphism (p = 0.001; OR = 1.64; 95 % CI = 1.16-2.31) and infection with H. pylori CagA-positive strains possessing higher number of EPIYA-C segments (p = 0.001; OR = 2.28; 95 % CI = 1.41-3.68) were independently associated with gastric cancer in comparison with gastritis. The association was stronger when host and bacterium genotypes were combined (p < 0.001; OR = 3.01; 95 % CI = 2.29-3.98). When stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or Pam3Cys, peripheral mononuclear cells of healthy carriers of the rs744166 GG and AG genotypes expressed higher levels of STAT3 mRNA than those carrying AA genotype (p = 0.04 for both). The nuclear expression of phosphorylated p-STAT3 protein was significantly higher in the antral gastric tissue of carriers of rs744166 GG genotype than in carriers of AG and AA genotypes. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that STAT3 rs744166 G allele and infection with CagA-positive H. pylori with higher number of EPIYA-C segments are independent risk factors for gastric cancer. The odds ratio of having gastric cancer was greater when bacterium and host high risk genotypes were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifone A Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Andreia M C Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Adriana D Gomes
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - César Ll Faria
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício F Melo
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio A Batista
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Viviane C Fernandes
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Nathálie B F Almeida
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Kádima N Teixeira
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Kátia S Brito
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Dulciene Maria Magalhães Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 s/216, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Zhang DM, Xu HG, Wang L, Li YJ, Sun PH, Wu XM, Wang GJ, Chen WM, Ye WC. Betulinic Acid and its Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1127-55. [PMID: 26032847 DOI: 10.1002/med.21353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, distributed ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom. BA and its derivatives demonstrate multiple bioactivities, particularly an antitumor effect. This review critically describes the recent research on isolation, synthesis, and derivatization of BA and its natural analogs betulin and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid. The subsequent part of the review focuses on the current knowledge of antitumor properties, combination treatments, and pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds. A 3D-QSAR analysis of 62 BA derivatives against human ovarian cancer A2780 is also included to provide information concerning the structure-cytotoxicity relationships of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Gui Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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Bache M, Bernhardt S, Passin S, Wichmann H, Hein A, Zschornak M, Kappler M, Taubert H, Paschke R, Vordermark D. Betulinic acid derivatives NVX-207 and B10 for treatment of glioblastoma--an in vitro study of cytotoxicity and radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19777-90. [PMID: 25361208 PMCID: PMC4264138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene, represents a new therapeutic substance that has potential benefits for treating glioblastoma. Recently, new strategies for producing BA derivatives with improved properties have evolved. However, few studies have examined the combination of BA or BA derivatives using radiotherapy. The effects of two BA derivatives, NVX-207 and B10, on cellular and radiobiological behavior were analyzed using glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG, U343MG and LN229). Based on IC50 values under normoxic conditions, we detected a 1.3-2.9-fold higher cytotoxicity of the BA derivatives B10 and NVX-207, respectively, compared to BA. Incubation using both BA derivatives led to decreased cell migration, cleavage of PARP and decreased protein expression levels of Survivin. Weak radiation sensitivity enhancement was observed in U251MG cells after treatment with both BA derivatives. The enhancement factors at an irradiation dose of 6 Gy after treatment with 5 µM NVX-207 and 5 µM B10 were 1.32 (p=0.029) and 1.55 (p=0.002), respectively. In contrast to BA, neither NVX-207 nor B10 had additional effects under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that the BA derivatives NVX-207 and B10 improve the effects of radiotherapy on human malignant glioma cells, particularly under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Stephan Bernhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Sarina Passin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Anja Hein
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Martin Zschornak
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmann Str. 14, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Biozentrum, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Kim HI, Quan FS, Kim JE, Lee NR, Kim HJ, Jo SJ, Lee CM, Jang DS, Inn KS. Inhibition of estrogen signaling through depletion of estrogen receptor alpha by ursolic acid and betulinic acid from Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:282-7. [PMID: 25088993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Prunella vulgaris have been shown to exert antiestrogenic effects. To identify the compounds responsible for these actions, we isolated the constituents of P. vulgaris and tested their individual antiestrogenic effects. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid, hyperoside, rutin and betulinic acid (BA) were isolated from the flower stalks of P. vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai (Labiatae). Among these constituents, UA and BA showed significant antiestrogenic effects, measured as a decrease in the mRNA level of GREB1, an estrogen-responsive protein; the effects of BA were stronger than those of UA. UA and BA were capable of suppressing estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent luciferase activity and expression of estrogen-responsive genes in response to exposure to estradiol, further supporting the suppressive role of these compounds in estrogen-induced signaling. However, neither UA nor BA was capable of suppressing estrogen signaling in cells ectopically overexpressing estrogen receptor α (ERα). Furthermore, both mRNA and protein levels of ERα were reduced by treatment with UA or BA, suggesting that UA and BA inhibit estrogen signaling by suppressing the expression of ERα. Interestingly, both compounds enhanced prostate-specific antigen promoter activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that UA and BA are responsible for the antiestrogenic effects of P. vulgaris and suggest their potential use as therapeutic agents against estrogen-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ji Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung-Heedaero, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Radiotherapy-induced plasticity of prostate cancer mobilizes stem-like non-adherent, Erk signaling-dependent cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:898-911. [PMID: 25012501 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractionated ionizing radiation combined with surgery or hormone therapy represents the first-choice treatment for medium to high-risk localized prostate carcinoma. One of the main reasons for the failure of radiotherapy in prostate cancer is radioresistance and further dissemination of surviving cells. In this study, exposure of four metastasis-derived human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC-3, LNCaP and 22RV1) to clinically relevant daily fractions of ionizing radiation (35 doses of 2 Gy) resulted in generation of two radiation-surviving populations: adherent senescent-like cells expressing common senescence-associated markers and non-adherent anoikis-resistant stem cell-like cells with active Notch signaling and expression of stem cell markers CD133, Oct-4, Sox2 and Nanog. While a subset of the radiation-surviving adherent cells resumed proliferation shortly after completion of the irradiation regimen, the non-adherent cells started to proliferate only on their reattachment several weeks after the radiation-induced loss of adhesion. Like the parental non-irradiated cells, radiation-surviving re-adherent DU145 cells were tumorigenic in immunocompromised mice. The radiation-induced loss of adhesion was dependent on expression of Snail, as siRNA/shRNA-mediated knockdown of Snail prevented cell detachment. On the other hand, survival of the non-adherent cells required active Erk signaling, as chemical inhibition of Erk1/2 by a MEK-selective inhibitor or Erk1/2 knockdown resulted in anoikis-mediated death in the non-adherent cell fraction. Notably, whereas combined inhibition of Erk and PI3K-Akt signaling triggered cell death in the non-adherent cell fraction and blocked proliferation of the adherent population of the prostate cancer cells, such combined treatment had only marginal if any impact on growth of control normal human diploid cells. These results contribute to better understanding of radiation-induced stress response and heterogeneity of human metastatic prostate cancer cells, document treatment-induced plasticity and phenotypically distinct cell subsets, and suggest the way to exploit their differential sensitivity to radiosensitizing drugs in overcoming radioresistance.
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The transcriptional responsiveness of LKB1 to STAT-mediated signaling is differentially modulated by prolactin in human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:415. [PMID: 24913037 PMCID: PMC4064823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver kinase 1 (LKB1) is an important multi-tasking protein linked with metabolic signaling, also controlling polarity and cytoskeletal rearrangements in diverse cell types including cancer cells. Prolactin (PRL) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have been associated with breast cancer progression. The current investigation examines the effect of PRL and STAT-mediated signaling on the transcriptional regulation of LKB1 expression in human breast cancer cells. Methods MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D human breast cancer cells, and CHO-K1 cells transiently expressing the PRL receptor (long form), were treated with 100 ng/ml of PRL for 24 hours. A LKB1 promoter-luciferase construct and its truncations were used to assess transcriptional changes in response to specific siRNAs or inhibitors targeting Janus activated kinase 2 (JAK2), STAT3, and STAT5A. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to quantify changes in mRNA and protein levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to examine STAT3 and STAT5A binding to the LKB1 promoter. Results Consistent with increases in mRNA, the LKB1 promoter was up-regulated by PRL in MDA-MB-231 cells, a response that was lost upon distal promoter truncation. A putative GAS element that could provide a STAT binding site mapped to this region, and its mutation decreased PRL-responsiveness. PRL-mediated increases in promoter activity required signaling through STAT3 and STAT5A, also involving JAK2. Both STATs imparted basally repressive effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. PRL increased in vivo binding of STAT3, and more definitively, STAT5A, to the LKB1 promoter region containing the GAS site. In T47D cells, PRL down-regulated LKB1 transcriptional activity, an effect that was reversed upon culture in phenol red-free media. Interleukin 6, a cytokine activating STAT signaling in diverse cell types, also increased LKB1 mRNA levels and promoter activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions LKB1 is differentially regulated by PRL at the level of transcription in representative human breast cancer cells. Its promoter is targeted by STAT proteins, and the cellular estrogen receptor status may affect PRL-responsiveness. The hormonal and possibly cytokine-mediated control of LKB1 expression is particularly relevant in aggressive breast cancer cells, potentially promoting survival under energetically unfavorable conditions.
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The Multifaceted Roles of STAT3 Signaling in the Progression of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:829-59. [PMID: 24722453 PMCID: PMC4074806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 governs essential functions of epithelial and hematopoietic cells that are often dysregulated in cancer. While the role for STAT3 in promoting the progression of many solid and hematopoietic malignancies is well established, this review will focus on the importance of STAT3 in prostate cancer progression to the incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Indeed, STAT3 integrates different signaling pathways involved in the reactivation of androgen receptor pathway, stem like cells and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition that drive progression to mCRPC. As equally important, STAT3 regulates interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment as well as immune cell activation. This makes it a major factor in facilitating prostate cancer escape from detection of the immune response, promoting an immunosuppressive environment that allows growth and metastasis. Based on the multifaceted nature of STAT3 signaling in the progression to mCRPC, the promise of STAT3 as a therapeutic target to prevent prostate cancer progression and the variety of STAT3 inhibitors used in cancer therapies is discussed.
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Approaches to improve the oral bioavailability and effects of novel anticancer drugs berberine and betulinic acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89919. [PMID: 24614362 PMCID: PMC3948684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor bioavailability of Berberine (BBR) and Betulinic acid (BA) limits the development of these promising anticancer agents for clinical use. In the current study, BBR and BA in spray dried (SD) mucoadhesive microparticle formulations were prepared. METHODS A patented dual channel spray gun technology established in our laboratory was used for both formulations. Gastrointestinal (GI) permeability studies were carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer grown in in-vitro system. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of SD formulations were studied in Sprague Dawley rats. A549 orthotopic and H1650 metastatic NSCLC models were utilized for the anticancer evaluations. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that BBR and BA SD formulations resulted in 3.46 and 3.90 fold respectively, significant increase in plasma Cmax concentrations. AUC levels were increased by 6.98 and 7.41 fold in BBR and BA SD formulations, respectively. Compared to untreated controls groups, 49.8 & 53.4% decrease in the tumor volumes was observed in SD formulation groups of BBR and BA, respectively. Molecular studies done on excised tumor (A549) tissue suggested that BBR in SD form resulted in a significant decrease in the survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF and CD31 expressions. Cleaved caspase 3, p53 and TUNEL expressions were increased in SD formulations. The RT-PCR analysis on H1650 tumor tissue suggested that p38, Phospho-JNK, Bax, BAD, cleaved caspase 3&8 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in BA SD formulations. Chronic administration of BBR and BA SD formulations did not show any toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Due to significant increase in oral bioavailability and superior anticancer effects, our results suggest that spray drying is a superior alternative formulation approach for oral delivery of BBR and BA.
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