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Hoeter K, Neuberger E, Fischer S, Herbst M, Juškevičiūtė E, Enders K, Rossmann H, Sprinzl MF, Simon P, Bodenstein M, Schaefer M. Evidence for the utility of cfDNA plasma concentrations to predict disease severity in COVID-19: a retrospective pilot study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16072. [PMID: 37744227 PMCID: PMC10512938 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic caused by the highly infective SARS-CoV-2. There is a need for biomarkers not only for overall prognosis but also for predicting the response to treatments and thus for improvements in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker in the assessment of various pathological conditions. The aim of this retrospective and observational pilot study was to investigate the range of cfDNA plasma concentrations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection, to relate them to established inflammatory parameters as a correlative biomarker for disease severity, and to compare them with plasma levels in a healthy control group. Methods Lithium-Heparin plasma samples were obtained from COVID-19 patients (n = 21) during hospitalization in the University Medical Centre of Mainz, Germany between March and June 2020, and the cfDNA concentrations were determined by quantitative PCR yielding amplicons of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1). The cfDNA levels were compared with those of an uninfected control group (n = 19). Results Plasma cfDNA levels in COVID-19 patients ranged from 247.5 to 6,346.25 ng/ml and the mean concentration was 1,831 ± 1,388 ng/ml (± standard deviation), which was significantly different from the levels of the uninfected control group (p < 0.001). Regarding clinical complications, the highest correlation was found between cfDNA levels and the myositis (p = 0.049). In addition, cfDNA levels correlated with the "WHO clinical progression scale". D-Dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were the clinical laboratory parameters with the highest correlations with cfDNA levels. Conclusion The results of this observational pilot study show a wide range in cfDNA plasma concentrations in patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of infection and confirm that cfDNA plasma concentrations serve as a predictive biomarker of disease severity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hoeter
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmo Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Herbst
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ema Juškevičiūtė
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kira Enders
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heidi Rossmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin F. Sprinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Bodenstein
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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O’Boyle N, Douce GR, Farrell G, Rattray NJW, Schembri MA, Roe AJ, Connolly JPR. Distinct ecological fitness factors coordinated by a conserved Escherichia coli regulator during systemic bloodstream infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212175120. [PMID: 36574699 PMCID: PMC9910484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212175120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacterial pathogens to adapt to host niches is driven by the carriage and regulation of genes that benefit pathogenic lifestyles. Genes that encode virulence or fitness-enhancing factors must be regulated in response to changing host environments to allow rapid response to challenges presented by the host. Furthermore, this process can be controlled by preexisting transcription factors (TFs) that acquire new roles in tailoring regulatory networks, specifically in pathogens. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. The highly conserved Escherichia coli TF YhaJ exhibits distinct genome-binding dynamics and transcriptome control in pathotypes that occupy different host niches, such as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Here, we report that this important regulator is required for UPEC systemic survival during murine bloodstream infection (BSI). This advantage is gained through the coordinated regulation of a small regulon comprised of both virulence and metabolic genes. YhaJ coordinates activation of both Type 1 and F1C fimbriae, as well as biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan, by both direct and indirect mechanisms. Deletion of yhaJ or the individual genes under its control leads to attenuated survival during BSI. Furthermore, all three systems are up-regulated in response to signals derived from serum or systemic host tissue, but not urine, suggesting a niche-specific regulatory trigger that enhances UPEC fitness via pleiotropic mechanisms. Collectively, our results identify YhaJ as a pathotype-specific regulatory aide, enhancing the expression of key genes that are collectively required for UPEC bloodstream pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky O’Boyle
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, CorkT12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Gillian R. Douce
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Farrell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Roe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - James P. R. Connolly
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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3
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Urosevic N, Merritt AJ, Inglis TJJ. Plasma cfDNA predictors of established bacteraemic infection. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000373. [PMID: 36004363 PMCID: PMC9394668 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Increased plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been reported for various diseases in which cell death and tissue/organ damage contribute to pathogenesis, including sepsis. Gap Statement. While several studies report a rise in plasma cfDNA in bacteraemia and sepsis, the main source of cfDNA has not been identified. Aim. In this study, we wanted to determine which of nuclear, mitochondrial or bacterial cfDNA is the major contributor to raised plasma cfDNA in hospital subjects with bloodstream infections and could therefore serve as a predictor of bacteraemic disease severity. Methodology. The total plasma concentration of double-stranded cfDNA was determined using a fluorometric assay. The presence of bacterial DNA was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The copy numbers of human genes, nuclear β globin and mitochondrial MTATP8, were determined by droplet digital PCR. The presence, size and concentration of apoptotic DNA from human cells were established using lab-on-a-chip technology. Results. We observed a significant difference in total plasma cfDNA from a median of 75 ng ml−1 in hospitalised subjects without bacteraemia to a median of 370 ng ml−1 (P=0.0003) in bacteraemic subjects. The copy numbers of nuclear DNA in bacteraemic also differed between a median of 1.6 copies µl−1 and 7.3 copies µl−1 (P=0.0004), respectively. In contrast, increased mitochondrial cfDNA was not specific for bacteraemic subjects, as shown by median values of 58 copies µl−1 in bacteraemic subjects, 55 copies µl−1 in other hospitalised subjects and 5.4 copies µl−1 in healthy controls. Apoptotic nucleosomal cfDNA was detected only in a subpopulation of bacteraemic subjects with documented comorbidities, consistent with elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in these subjects. No bacterial cfDNA was reliably detected by PCR in plasma of bacteraemic subjects over the course of infection with several bacterial pathogens. Conclusions. Our data revealed distinctive plasma cfDNA signatures in different groups of hospital subjects. The total cfDNA was significantly increased in hospital subjects with laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections comprising nuclear and apoptotic, but not mitochondrial or bacterial cfDNAs. The apoptotic cfDNA, potentially derived from blood cells, predicted established bacteraemia. These findings deserve further investigation in different hospital settings, where cfDNA measurement could provide simple and quantifiable parameters for monitoring a disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Urosevic
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Adam J. Merritt
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy J. J. Inglis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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van der Slikke EC, Star BS, Quinten VM, Ter Maaten JC, Ligtenberg JJM, van Meurs M, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJL, Chao MR, Henning RH, Bouma HR. Association between oxidized nucleobases and mitochondrial DNA damage with long-term mortality in patients with sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:156-163. [PMID: 34952158 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis not only leads to short-term mortality during hospitalization, but is also associated with increased mortality during long-term follow-up after hospital discharge. Metabolic stress during sepsis may cause oxidative damage to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and RNA, which could affect long-term health and life span. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association of sepsis with oxidized nucleobases and (mt)DNA damage and long-term all-cause mortality in septic patients. METHODS 91 patients with sepsis who visited the emergency department (ED) of the University Medical Center Groningen between August 2012 and June 2013 were included. Urine and plasma were collected during the ED visit. Septic patients were matched with 91 healthy controls. Death rate was obtained until June 2020.The degree of oxidation of DNA, RNA and free nucleobases were assessed in urine by mass-spectrometry. Lipid peroxidation was assessed in plasma using a TBAR assay. Additionally, plasma levels of mtDNA and damage to mtDNA were determined by qPCR. RESULTS Sepsis patients denoted higher levels of oxidated DNA, RNA, free nucleobases and lipid peroxidation than controls (all p < 0.01). Further, sepsis patients displayed an increase in plasma mtDNA with an increase in mtDNA damage compared to matched controls (p < 0.01). Kaplan meier survival analyses revealed that high degrees of RNA- and nucleobase oxidation were associated with higher long-term all-cause mortality after sepsis (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01 respectively). Of these two, high RNA oxidation was associated with long-term all-cause mortality, independent of adjustment for age, medical history and sepsis severity (HR 1.29 [(1.17-1.41, 95% CI] p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sepsis is accompanied with oxidation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and RNA, where RNA oxidation is an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality. In addition, sepsis causes mtDNA damage and an increase in cell free mtDNA in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C van der Slikke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan S Star
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Quinten
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C Ter Maaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack J M Ligtenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Severity Biomarkers in Puumala Hantavirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010045. [PMID: 35062248 PMCID: PMC8778356 DOI: 10.3390/v14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, over 10,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are diagnosed in Europe. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes most of the European HFRS cases. PUUV causes usually a relatively mild disease, which is rarely fatal. However, the severity of the infection varies greatly, and factors affecting the severity are mostly unrevealed. Host genes are known to have an effect. The typical clinical features in PUUV infection include acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and increased vascular permeability. The primary target of hantavirus is the endothelium of the vessels of different organs. Although PUUV does not cause direct cytopathology of the endothelial cells, remarkable changes in both the barrier function of the endothelium and the function of the infected endothelial cells occur. Host immune or inflammatory mechanisms are probably important in the development of the capillary leakage. Several immunoinflammatory biomarkers have been studied in the context of assessing the severity of HFRS caused by PUUV. Most of them are not used in clinical practice, but the increasing knowledge about the biomarkers has elucidated the pathogenesis of PUUV infection.
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Colmer SF, Luethy D, Abraham M, Stefanovski D, Hurcombe SD. Utility of cell-free DNA concentrations and illness severity scores to predict survival in critically ill neonatal foals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242635. [PMID: 33901192 PMCID: PMC8075268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels have been associated with disease and survival status in septic humans and dogs. To date, studies investigating cfDNA levels in association with critical illness in foals are lacking. We hypothesized that cfDNA would be detectable in the plasma of foals, that septic and sick-nonseptic foals would have significantly higher cfDNA levels compared to healthy foals, and that increased cfDNA levels would be associated with non-survival. Animals used include 80 foals of 10 days of age or less admitted to a tertiary referral center between January and July, 2020 were stratified into three categories: healthy (n = 34), sick non-septic (n = 11) and septic (n = 35) based on specific criteria. This was a prospective clinical study. Blood was collected from critically ill foals at admission or born in hospital for cfDNA quantification and blood culture. Previously published sepsis score (SS) and neonatal SIRS score (NSIRS) were also calculated. SS, NSIRS, blood culture status and cfDNA concentrations were evaluated to predict survival. Continuous variables between groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s post hoc test. Comparisons between two groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test or Spearman rank for correlations. The performance of cfDNA, sepsis score and NSIRS score to predict survival was assessed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis including area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity using cutoffs. Plasma cfDNA was detectable in all foals. No significant differences in cfDNA concentration were detected between healthy foals and septic foals (P = 0.65) or healthy foals and sick non-septic foals (P = 0.88). There was no significant association between cfDNA and culture status, SS, NSIRS or foal survival. SS (AUC 0.85) and NSIRS (AUC 0.83) were superior to cfDNA (AUC 0.64) in predicting survival. Although cfDNA was detectable in foal plasma, it offers negligible utility to diagnose sepsis or predict survival in critical illness in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Florence Colmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniela Luethy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle Abraham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Samuel David Hurcombe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen LY, Qi J, Xu HL, Lin XY, Sun YJ, Ju SQ. The Value of Serum Cell-Free DNA Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:637789. [PMID: 33859582 PMCID: PMC8042127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.637789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, which has a major impact on the quality of life and imposes a huge burden on the family. However, the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unclear and there are no specific biomarkers. Therefore, we intend to explore whether cf-DNA levels are related to the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. Methods: We analyzed and compared the concentration of cf-DNA in 174 SZ patients and 100 matched healthy controls by using quantitative real-time PCR by amplifying the Alu repeats. Results: We found that cf-DNA levels in peripheral blood reliably distinguished SZ patients from healthy controls (P < 0.05). The ROC analysis also supports the above conclusion. By tracking the absolute concentration of serum cf-DNA in primary cases, we found a distinct increase before treatment with antipsychotics, which decreased progressively after treatment. Conclusions: The present work indicates that cf-DNA may improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis, and the level of cf-DNA plays a predictive role in the development of schizophrenia. By evaluating the level of cf-DNA, we might play a certain role in a more reasonable and standardized clinical treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Chen
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Mental Health Center, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Reaserch Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong-Lei Xu
- Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Lin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Jun Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Mental Health Center, Nantong, China
| | - Shao-Qing Ju
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Sezer N, Kılıç Ö, Sıkdokur E, Çayır A, Belivermiş M. Impacts of elevated pCO 2 on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:104987. [PMID: 32907725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification alters physiology, acid-base balance and metabolic activity in marine animals. Near future elevated pCO2 conditions could be expected to influence the bioaccumulation of metals, feeding rate and immune parameters in marine mussels. To better understand such impairments, a series of laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted by using a model marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mussels were exposed to three pH conditions according to the projected CO2 emissions in the near future (one ambient: 8.10 and two reduced: 7.80 and 7.50). At first, the bioconcentration of Ag and Cd was studied in both juvenile (2.5 cm) and adult (5.1 cm) mussels by using a highly sensitive radiotracer method (110mAg and 109Cd). The uptake and depuration kinetics were followed 21 and 30 days, respectively. The biokinetic experiments demonstrated that the effect of ocean acidification on bioconcentration was metal-specific and size-specific. The uptake, depuration and tissue distribution of 110mAg were not affected by elevated pCO2 in both juvenile and adult mussels, whereas 109Cd uptake significantly increased with decreasing pH in juveniles but not in adults. Regardless of pH, 110mAg accumulated more efficiently in juvenile mussels than adult mussels. After executing the biokinetic experiment, the perturbation was sustained by using the same mussels and the same experimental set-up, which enabled us to determine filtration rate, haemocyte viability, lysosomal membrane stability, circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccf-NAs) and protein (ccf-protein) levels. The filtration rate and haemocyte viability gradually decreased by increasing pCO2 level, whereas the lysosomal membrane stability, ccf-NAs, and ccf-protein levels remained unchanged in the mussels exposed to elevated pCO2 for eighty-two days. This study suggests that acidified seawater partially shift metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Vocational Health College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Circulating cell-free DNA level predicts all-cause mortality independent of other predictors in the Health 2000 survey. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13809. [PMID: 32796872 PMCID: PMC7427793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are associated with and predict poor health outcomes. However, its predictive ability for mortality in population-based samples remains understudied. We analysed the capability of cf-DNA to predict all-cause mortality and assessed whether it adds predictive value on top of the other risk factors in the Health 2000 survey (n = 1,257, 46–76 years of age, 15-years-follow-up, 18% deceased). When analysed in a multivariate model with the other factors that independently predicted mortality in the sample (age, gender, self-rated health, smoking and plasma levels of glucose and adiponectin), increases in cf-DNA levels were associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] for 0.1 µg increase in cf-DNA: 1.017, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008–1.026, p = 0.0003). Inclusion of cf-DNA in the model improved the model fit and discrimination. Stratifying the analysis by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status indicated that cf-DNA predicted mortality equally well in individuals with (HR 1.018, 95% CI 1.008–1.026, p = 0.002) and without (HR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001–1.035, p = 0.033) CVD. In conclusion, our study indicates that cf-DNA level predicts mortality in middle-aged and older individuals, also among those with established CVD, and adds significant value to mortality prediction. Our results thus underscore the role of cf-DNA as a viable marker of health.
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Nyberg A, Larsson A, Jylhävä J, Hurme M, Sperber J, Lipcsey M, Castegren M. Lung-protective ventilation suppresses systemic and hepatic vein levels of cell-free DNA in porcine experimental post-operative sepsis. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:206. [PMID: 32736620 PMCID: PMC7393331 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are known to be elevated in sepsis and high levels are associated with a poor prognosis. Mechanical ventilation affects systemic inflammation in which lung-protective ventilation attenuates the inflammatory response. The aim was to study the effect of a lung protective ventilator regime on arterial and organ-specific venous blood as well as on trans-organ differences in cf-DNA levels in a porcine post-operative sepsis model. METHOD One group of anaesthetised, domestic-breed, 9-12 weeks old, pigs were ventilated with protective ventilation (VT 6 mL x kg- 1, PEEP 10 cmH2O) n = 20. Another group, ventilated with a medium high tidal volume and lower PEEP, served as a control group (VT 10 mL x kg- 1, PEEP 5 cm H2O) n = 10. Blood samples were taken from four sources: artery, hepatic vein, portal vein and, jugular bulb. A continuous endotoxin infusion at 0.25 μg x kg- 1 x h- 1 for 5 h was started following 2 h of laparotomy, which simulated a surgical procedure. Inflammatory cytokines and cf-DNA in plasma were analysed and trans-organ differences calculated. RESULTS The protective ventilation group had lower levels of cf-DNA in arterial (p = 0.02) and hepatic venous blood (p = 0.03) compared with the controls. Transhepatic differences in cf-DNA were lower in the protective group, compared with the controls (p = 0.03). No differences between the groups were noted as regards the transcerebral, transsplanchnic or the transpulmonary cf-DNA differences. CONCLUSIONS Protective ventilation suppresses arterial levels of cf-DNA. The liver seems to be a net contributor to the systemic cf-DNA levels, but this effect is attenuated by protective ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Nyberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Centre for Clinical Research, Sörmland, Uppsala University, Mälarsjukhuset, SE-631 88 Eskilstuna, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Larsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region of Västmanland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jesper Sperber
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Centre for Clinical Research, Sörmland, Uppsala University, Mälarsjukhuset, SE-631 88 Eskilstuna, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklós Lipcsey
- Hedenstierna laboratory, CIRRUS, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Castegren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care (PMI), Karolinska University Hospital and CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vera IM, Kessler A, Ting LM, Harawa V, Keller T, Allen D, Njie M, Moss M, Soko M, Ahmadu A, Kadwala I, Ray S, Nyirenda TS, Mandala WL, Taylor TE, Rogerson SJ, Seydel KB, Kim K. Plasma cell-free DNA predicts pediatric cerebral malaria severity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136279. [PMID: 32554925 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPrediction of adverse outcomes in cerebral malaria (CM) is difficult. We hypothesized that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels would facilitate identification of severe and potentially fatal CM cases.METHODSIn this retrospective study, plasma from Malawian children with CM (n = 134), uncomplicated malaria (UM, n = 77), and healthy controls (HC, n = 60) was assayed for cfDNA using a fluorescence assay. Host and parasite cfDNA was measured by quantitative PCR. Immune markers were determined by ELISA, Luminex, or cytometric bead array.RESULTSTotal cfDNA increased with malaria severity (HC versus UM, P < 0.001; HC versus CM, P < 0.0001; UM versus CM, P < 0.0001), was elevated in retinopathy-positive (Ret+) CM relative to Ret- CM (7.66 versus 5.47 ng/μL, P = 0.027), and differentiated Ret+ fatal cases from survivors (AUC 0.779; P < 0.001). cfDNA levels in patients with non-malarial febrile illness (NMF, P = 0.25) and non-malarial coma (NMC, P = 0.99) were comparable with UM. Host DNA, rather than parasite DNA, was the major cfDNA contributor (UM, 268 versus 67 pg/μL; CM, 2824 versus 463 pg/μL). Host and parasite cfDNA distinguished CM by retinopathy (host, AUC 0.715, P = 0.0001; parasite, AUC 0.745, P = 0.0001), but only host cfDNA distinguished fatal cases (AUC 0.715, P = 0.0001). Total cfDNA correlated with neutrophil markers IL-8 (rs = 0.433, P < 0.0001) and myeloperoxidase (rs = 0.683, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONQuantifying plasma cfDNA is a simple assay useful in identifying children at risk for fatal outcome and has promise as a point-of-care assay. Elevated cfDNA suggests a link with host inflammatory pathways in fatal CM.FUNDINGNIH NCATS (AK), Burroughs-Wellcome (AK), and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (SJR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iset Medina Vera
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anne Kessler
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Li-Min Ting
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Visopo Harawa
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Thomas Keller
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Madi Njie
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - McKenze Moss
- Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Monica Soko
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ajisa Ahmadu
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Stephen Ray
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tonney S Nyirenda
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.,Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Wilson L Mandala
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Terrie E Taylor
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl B Seydel
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kami Kim
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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12
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Goggs R, Letendre JA. Evaluation of the host cytokine response in dogs with sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:593-603. [PMID: 31637812 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify plasma cytokine concentrations in dogs with sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammation and to evaluate the association between plasma cytokines and outcome in dogs with sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Forty-five dogs with sepsis, 10 dogs with noninfectious systemic inflammation (nSIRS), and 15 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled from June 2015 to February 2016 and followed to hospital discharge. Dogs with sepsis satisfied ≥2 SIRS criteria and had a documented or highly suspected bacterial infection. Dogs with nSIRS satisfied ≥2 SIRS criteria but had no evidence of infection. Dogs <3 kg and those with documented coagulopathy were excluded. INTERVENTIONS Measurement of inflammatory cytokines and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) was performed on each group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High-mobility group box-1 concentrations were analyzed by ELISA. Plasma concentrations of 13 cytokines were measured in singlet using multiplex magnetic bead assays. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between groups. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between survivors and nonsurvivors. Associations between biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Independent outcome predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Alpha was set at 0.05. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)-8, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and HMGB-1 were significantly greater in dogs with sepsis versus healthy controls (all P ≤ 0.034). In dogs with sepsis, only CCL2 was independently associated with survival (odds ratio [OR] 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999, P = 0.004). A cut-off of 385 pg/mL for CCL2 was 80% sensitive and 91.4% specific for nonsurvival (area under the ROC curve [AUROC] 0.866). CONCLUSIONS Dogs with sepsis have significantly increased concentrations of HMGB-1 and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CXCL8, and KC-like. Increased CCL2 concentration is a negative prognostic indicator in dogs with sepsis. These findings should be confirmed using duplicate analyses in larger, distinct populations of dogs with sepsis before applying them to clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jo-Annie Letendre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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13
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Caza F, Joly de Boissel PG, Villemur R, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y. Liquid biopsies for omics-based analysis in sentinel mussels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223525. [PMID: 31581216 PMCID: PMC6776352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy of plasma is a simple and non-invasive technology that holds great promise in biomedical research. It is based on the analysis of nucleic acid-based biomarkers with predictive potential. In the present work, we have combined this concept with the FTA technology for sentinel mussels. We found that hemocytes collected from liquid biopsies can be readily fixed on FTA cards and used for long-term transcriptome analysis. We also showed that liquid biopsy is easily adaptable for metagenomic analysis of bacterial profiles of mussels. We finally provide evidence that liquid biopsies contained circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) which can be used as an easily accessible genomic reservoir. Sampling of FTA-fixed circulating nucleic acids is stable at room temperature and does not necessitate a cold-chain protection. It showed comparable performance to frozen samples and is ideally adapted for sampling in remote areas, most notably in polar regions threatened by anthropogenic activities. From an ethical point of view, this minimally-invasive and non-lethal approach further reduces incidental mortality associated with conventional tissue sampling. This liquid biopsy-based approach should thus facilitate biobanking activities and development of omics-based biomarkers in mussels to assess the quality of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Caza
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Reims, France
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14
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Goggs R. Effect of sample type on plasma concentrations of cell-free DNA and nucleosomes in dogs. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000357. [PMID: 31673376 PMCID: PMC6802997 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosomes are two biomarkers of cell death and neutrophil extracellular trap formation that are increased in dogs with sepsis, immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia, cancer and following trauma and have diagnostic and prognostic values. cfDNA and nucleosomes are typically measured in plasma samples using DNA-specific fluorophores and ELISA assays, respectively, but their concentrations may be affected by pre-analytical variables such as sample type. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of sample type on the plasma cfDNA and nucleosome concentrations of a heterogeneous group of dogs presenting to an emergency room. Triplicate samples were collected into K2-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 3.2% citrate and a specialised DNA stabilisation tube (Streck BCT), processed rapidly and frozen for batch analysis. Biomarker concentrations were compared between sample types by calculation of Spearman’s correlation coefficients, and with Deming regression, Bland-Altman plots and the Friedman test. Overall, biomarker concentrations were highly correlated between the three sample types. The most concordant results were obtained using citrate samples and the DNA stabilisation tube. Matched cfDNA concentrations between the different sample types were significantly different but there was no significant difference between the nucleosome concentrations in any of the sample types. The present study suggests that cfDNA and nucleosomes can be successfully measured in various sample types, but distinct sample types do not produce interchangeable results. This argues for use of a consistent sample type within studies and suggests standardisation may be useful for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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15
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Lee H, Oh S, Yang W, Park R, Kim H, Jeon JS, Noh H, Han DC, Cho KW, Kim YJ, Kwon SH. Bariatric Surgery Reduces Elevated Urinary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Patients With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2257-2266. [PMID: 30657970 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Recently, urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used as a surrogate marker of mitochondrial damage in various kidney diseases. However, there are no data regarding its use in patients with obesity or the change in urinary mtDNA copy number after surgery. DESIGN We prospectively recruited age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers and patients with obesity (n = 22 in each group: nine men and 13 women). The copy number of urinary and serum mtDNA nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit-1 (mtND-1) and cytochrome-c oxidase 3 (mtCOX-3) was measured using quantitative PCR. We measured urinary mtDNA and body weight and carried out laboratory tests, 6 months after surgery. RESULTS Urinary mtND-1 copy number was significantly higher in the obese group than in healthy volunteers. However, urinary mtCOX-3 and serum ND-1 copy numbers in the obese group did not differ from that in the healthy volunteers. When patients with obesity were divided into two groups, according to their baseline mtND-1 copy number, bariatric surgery reduced the mtND-1 copy number (P = 0.006) in the high baseline mtDNA copy-number group. The change in urinary mtND-1 copy number was correlated with a change in urinary albumin (r = 0.478, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with elevated urinary mtND-1 copy number. Bariatric surgery reduces the elevated urinary mtND-1 copy number in patients with obesity. This suggests that bariatric surgery could attenuate mitochondrial damage in the kidney cells of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haekyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmi Yang
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rojin Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Noh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungchung nam do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Guimaraes AO, Gutierrez J, Maskarinec SA, Cao Y, Hong K, Ruffin F, Carrasco-Triguero M, Peck MC, Fowler VG, Baruch A, Rosenberger CM. Prognostic Power of Pathogen Cell-Free DNA in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz126. [PMID: 31041341 PMCID: PMC6483138 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading global cause of bacteremia that can cause invasive tissue infections with high morbidity and mortality despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. Clinicians lack sufficient tools to rapidly identify patients with a poor prognosis to guide diagnostic workup and treatment decisions. Host cell-free DNA provides prognostic value across a spectrum of critical illnesses, including S. aureus bacteremia and sepsis. Metrics of high bacterial load are associated with disease severity in S. aureus bacteremia, and the objective of this study was to evaluate whether incorporating quantitation of cell-free bacterial DNA would provide additive prognostic value when combined with biomarkers of the inflammatory response. METHODS S. aureus cell-free DNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in baseline serum samples from an observational cohort of 111 patients with complicated S. aureus bacteremia and correlated with host inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes. RESULTS High levels of S. aureus cell-free DNA at the time of positive index blood culture were prognostic for all-cause and attributable mortality and persistent bacteremia and were associated with infective endocarditis. However, they did not provide additive value to biomarkers of the host response to infection in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of bacterial load by PCR are a clinically feasible candidate biomarker for stratifying patients at higher risk for complications and poor outcomes. Their diagnostic and prognostic value for identifying foci of infection and influencing treatment remain to be evaluated in additional cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnny Gutierrez
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Stacey A Maskarinec
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yi Cao
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kyu Hong
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Melicent C Peck
- Clinical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amos Baruch
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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17
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Gutierrez J, Guimaraes AO, Lewin-Koh N, Berhanu A, Xu M, Cao Y, Kim J, Yan D, Chang JK, Dinoso JB, Koss CA, Clemenzi-Allen A, Chambers HF, Peck MC, Baruch A, Rosenberger CM. Sustained Circulating Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic Acid Is Associated With Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz090. [PMID: 31024970 PMCID: PMC6475589 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia often requires a long treatment duration with antibiotics to prevent relapse due to the ability of SA to establish reservoirs of infection in sites such as heart and bone. These metastatic sites of infection cannot be serially sampled to monitor the clearance of SA infection. This study aimed to establish a link between persistence of circulating SA deoxyribonucleic acid (SA-DNA) and tissue reservoirs in patients with SA bacteremia. Methods A highly sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure whole blood SA-DNA and plasma-derived SA cell-free DNA (SA-cfDNA) in a set of longitudinal samples from 73 patients with confirmed SA bacteremia and correlated with clinical features. Results Blood SA-DNA was detected for longer than the duration of positive blood cultures. Longer duration of circulating bacterial DNA was observed in complicated SA bacteremia infections, such as endocarditis and osteoarticular infections, compared with uncomplicated bloodstream infections. In contrast, traditional blood cultures demonstrated similar time to clearance regardless of foci of infection. Plasma-derived SA-cfDNA showed concordance with blood SA-DNA levels. Baseline levels of SA-DNA were higher in patients presenting with greater clinical severity and complicated bacteremia. Conclusions Prolonged levels of circulating SA-DNA in patients with complicated tissue reservoirs after clearance of blood cultures observed in this single-center study should be validated in additional cohorts to assess the potential utility for monitoring clearance of infection in patients with SA bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Xu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yi Cao
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Janice Kim
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Donghong Yan
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amos Baruch
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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18
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Duplessis C, Gregory M, Frey K, Bell M, Truong L, Schully K, Lawler J, Langley RJ, Kingsmore SF, Woods CW, Rivers EP, Jaehne AK, Quackenbush EB, Fowler VG, Tsalik EL, Clark D. Evaluating the discriminating capacity of cell death (apoptotic) biomarkers in sepsis. J Intensive Care 2018; 6:72. [PMID: 30459950 PMCID: PMC6234551 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-018-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis biomarker panels that provide diagnostic and prognostic discrimination in sepsis patients would be transformative to patient care. We assessed the mortality prediction and diagnostic discriminatory accuracy of two biomarkers reflective of cell death (apoptosis), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and nucleosomes. Methods The cfDNA and nucleosome levels were assayed in plasma samples acquired in patients admitted from four emergency departments with suspected sepsis. Subjects with non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) served as controls. Samples were acquired at enrollment (T0) and 24 h later (T24). We assessed diagnostic (differentiating SIRS from sepsis) and prognostic (28-day mortality) predictive power. Models incorporating procalcitonin (diagnostic prediction) and APACHE II scores (mortality prediction) were generated. Results Two hundred three subjects were included (107 provided procalcitonin measurements). Four subjects exhibited uncomplicated sepsis, 127 severe sepsis, 35 septic shock, and 24 had non-infectious SIRS. There were 190-survivors and 13 non-survivors. Mortality prediction models using cfDNA, nucleosomes, or APACHEII yielded AUC values of 0.61, 0.75, and 0.81, respectively. A model combining nucleosomes with the APACHE II score improved the AUC to 0.84. Diagnostic models distinguishing sepsis from SIRS using procalcitonin, cfDNA(T0), or nucleosomes(T0) yielded AUC values of 0.64, 0.65, and 0.63, respectively. The three parameter model yielded an AUC of 0.74. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first head-to-head comparison of cfDNA and nucleosomes in diagnosing sepsis and predicting sepsis-related mortality. Both cfDNA and nucleosome concentrations demonstrated a modest ability to distinguish sepsis survivors and non-survivors and provided additive diagnostic predictive accuracy in differentiating sepsis from non-infectious SIRS when integrated into a diagnostic prediction model including PCT and APACHE II. A sepsis biomarker strategy incorporating measures of the apoptotic pathway may serve as an important component of a sepsis diagnostic and mortality prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Duplessis
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Michael Gregory
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Kenneth Frey
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Matthew Bell
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Luu Truong
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Kevin Schully
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - James Lawler
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Raymond J Langley
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, USA
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- 3Rady Pediatric Genomic and Systems Medicine Institute, Rady Children's Hospital, Encinitas, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.,5Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.,6Section on Infectious Diseases, Durham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Emanuel P Rivers
- 7Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Anja K Jaehne
- 7Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Eugenia B Quackenbush
- 8Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.,5Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.,9Emergency Medicine Service, Durham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Danielle Clark
- 1Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
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19
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Letendre JA, Goggs R. Determining prognosis in canine sepsis by bedside measurement of cell-free DNA and nucleosomes. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:503-511. [PMID: 30299568 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosome concentrations as prognostic biomarkers in canine sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study conducted from June 2015 to February 2016. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Forty-five dogs with sepsis, 10 dogs with nonseptic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (nSIRS), and 15 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled and followed to hospital discharge. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they met ≥2 SIRS criteria and had a documented or highly suspected bacterial infection. Dogs <3 kg or with a known coagulopathy were excluded. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Acute Patient Physiology and Laboratory Evaluation scores (APPLE) were calculated and outcomes recorded. Plasma cfDNA was measured using a benchtop fluorimeter. Plasma nucleosome concentrations were determined by ELISA. Plasma nucleosome and cfDNA concentrations in dogs with sepsis or nSIRS were compared to those of healthy controls and cfDNA concentrations in septic dogs with and without bacteremia were compared. Associations between cfDNA concentrations and nucleosomes, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and APPLE scores were evaluated. For septic dogs, cfDNA concentrations relative to neutrophil count and nucleosome concentrations in survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. Alpha was set at 0.05. cfDNA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with sepsis or nSIRS compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0034, respectively). Nucleosome concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with sepsis compared to healthy controls (P = 0.007). There was limited association between cfDNA and nucleosome concentrations (rs = 0.266), and no association between cfDNA concentration and leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and APPLEfull scores. Concentrations of cfDNA were positively correlated with APPLEfast score (rs = 0.335, P = 0.025); however, cfDNA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with bacteremia (P = 0.0299). In dogs with sepsis, cfDNA concentrations relative to neutrophil count were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In dogs with sepsis, high cfDNA concentrations relative to neutrophil count are associated with nonsurvival. Point-of-care cfDNA measurement may aid identification of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Annie Letendre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853
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20
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Rannikko J, Seiskari T, Huttunen R, Tarkiainen I, Jylhävä J, Hurme M, Syrjänen J, Aittoniemi J. Plasma cell-free DNA and qSOFA score predict 7-day mortality in 481 emergency department bacteraemia patients. J Intern Med 2018; 284:418-426. [PMID: 29687943 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have shown that both quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have potential use as a prognostic marker in patients with infection. We studied these two markers alone and in combination to identify those emergency department (ED) patients with the highest risk of death. METHODS Plasma cfDNA level was studied on days 0 to 4 after admittance to the ED from 481 culture-positive bloodstream infection cases. The qSOFA score was evaluated retrospectively according to Sepsis-3 definitions. The primary outcome was death by day 7. RESULTS CfDNA on day 0 was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (2.02 μg mL-1 vs. 1.35 μg mL-1 , P < 0.001). CfDNA level was high (>1.69 μg mL-1 ) in 134 (28%) of 481 cases, and the qSOFA score was ≥2 in 128 (28%) of 458 cases. High cfDNA and qSOFA score ≥2 had 70% and 77% sensitivity and 76% and 76% specificity in predicting death by day 7, respectively. High cfDNA alone had odds ratio (OR) of 7.7 (95% CI 3.9-15.3) and qSOFA score ≥2 OR of 11.6 (5.5-24.3), but their combination had OR of 20.3 (10.0-41.4) in predicting death by day 7 when compared with those with low cfDNA and qSOFA score <2. Amongst the five cases with the highest cfDNA levels, there were three patients with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation. CONCLUSION CfDNA and qSOFA score can be used independently to identify those bacteraemia patients at high risk of death, and combining these two markers gives additional advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rannikko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Seiskari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Huttunen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - I Tarkiainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hurme
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Syrjänen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Aittoniemi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Yan HP, Li M, Lu XL, Zhu YM, Ou-Yang WX, Xiao ZH, Qiu J, Li SJ. Use of plasma mitochondrial DNA levels for determining disease severity and prognosis in pediatric sepsis: a case control study. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:267. [PMID: 30092777 PMCID: PMC6085664 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate due to severe sepsis is approximately 30-60%. Sepsis readily progresses to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction, representing a significant problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of this study was to explore the value of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for early diagnosis and prognosis in children with sepsis. METHODS A total of 123 children with sepsis who were hospitalized in the Hunan Children's Hospital PICU from July 2013 to December 2014 were divided into the general sepsis group (n = 70) and severe sepsis group (n = 53) based on diagnostic standards. An additional 30 children with non-sepsis infection and 30 healthy children were randomly selected as a control group. Patients' plasma was collected during admission to the PICU. A pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was also calculated. The plasma mtDNA level was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction technology, and other parameters including routine laboratory values; blood lactate, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; and data on survival were collected and compared among the groups. RESULTS The plasma mtDNA level in the sepsis group than that in the non-sepsis infection and healthy groups. The plasma mtDNA level was significantly higher in the severe sepsis than in the general sepsis group (p < 0.001). A lower PCIS was associated with a higher plasma mtDNA level (p < 0.001). A higher number of organs with dysfunction was associated with higher plasma mtDNA levels (p < 0.001). Plasma mtDNA levels were higher among patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, myoglobin, creatine kinase MB, and troponin than in those with values within the normal range. The mtDNA level was higher among non-survivors than among survivors, and this difference was significant. mtDNA showed a prognostic prediction value similar to that of lactate, PCT, and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Plasma mtDNA levels may be a suitable biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in children with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Peng Yan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu Lan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Min Zhu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the first affiliated hospital of Hunan normal University, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Ou-Yang
- Department of Section of Liver Disease, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zheng Hui Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Jie Li
- Department of Section of Liver Disease, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, China.
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Circulating cell-free DNA: A potential biomarker to differentiate inflammation and infection during radiochemotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2018; 129:575-581. [PMID: 30097252 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiochemotherapy is a standard treatment option for patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC). During radiation, local toxicities are common and need to be differentiated from infections. As levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are known to be elevated during infections, cfDNA might complement clinical parameters. The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of cfDNA during radiochemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 78 blood samples of 20 patients with HNSCC were analysed in this prospective biomarker study. Blood samples were taken before and during treatment. CfDNA levels were quantified fluorometrically and results were compared to laboratory and clinical parameters. RESULTS Elevated cfDNA levels were associated with the pre-treatment volumes of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0002), gastrostomy tube placement (20.23 ng/ml vs. 9.04 ng/ml (median), p = 0.025), the application of antibiotics (16.47 ng/ml vs. 9.04 ng/ml, p = 0.006) and manifest infections (16.81 ng/ml vs. 9.04 ng/ml, p = 0.010). Furthermore, a significant difference between moderate inflammation (radiation-induced toxicity RTOG grade 2-3) and manifest infections could be observed (8.97 ng/ml vs. 16.81 ng/ml, p = 0.014), allowing for a more pronounced differentiation than by CRP levels (p = 0.119). There might be an association between the application of G-CSF and elevated cfDNA levels. CONCLUSION CfDNA levels are correlated with infections during radiochemotherapy and could represent an informative complemental biomarker to drive therapeutic decision-making. Estimated levels of circulating cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) in plasma should be interpreted cautiously when monitoring tumour outcome by next-generation-sequencing, as confounders like infections or drug application might influence the fraction of ctDNA in total cfDNA.
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Letendre JA, Goggs R. Concentrations of Plasma Nucleosomes but Not Cell-Free DNA Are Prognostic in Dogs Following Trauma. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:180. [PMID: 30105230 PMCID: PMC6077184 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma is common in dogs and causes significant morbidity and mortality, but it remains a challenge to assess prognosis in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the use of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosome concentrations as prognostic biomarkers in canine trauma. Using a prospective, observational case-control study design, 49 dogs with trauma were consecutively enrolled from 07/2015 to 10/2017 and followed to hospital discharge. Dogs with animal trauma triage (ATT) scores ≥3 at presentation were eligible for enrollment. Dogs <3 kg or with pre-existing coagulopathies were excluded. Thirty-three healthy control dogs were also enrolled. Illness and injury severity scores were calculated using at-presentation data. Plasma cfDNA was measured in triplicate using a benchtop fluorimeter. Plasma nucleosome concentrations were determined in duplicate by ELISA. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between groups and between survivors and non-survivors. Associations between biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Alpha was set at 0.05. Concentrations of cfDNA and nucleosomes were significantly higher in injured dogs compared to healthy controls (P ≤ 0.0001). Nucleosomes and cfDNA concentrations were positively correlated (rs 0.475, P < 0.001). Concentrations of both cfDNA and nucleosomes were correlated with shock index (rs 0.367, P = 0.010, rs 0.358, P = 0.012 respectively), but only nucleosomes were correlated with ATT (rs 0.327, P = 0.022) and acute patient physiology and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) scores (rs 0.356, P = 0.012). Median nucleosome concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors [8.2 AU (3.1-26.4) vs. 1.6 AU (0.5-5.2); P = 0.01]. Among illness severity scores, only APPLE was discriminant for survival (AUROC 0.912, P < 0.001). In summary, in moderately-severely injured dogs, high nucleosome concentrations are significantly associated with non-survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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24
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Maruchi Y, Tsuda M, Mori H, Takenaka N, Gocho T, Huq MA, Takeyama N. Plasma myeloperoxidase-conjugated DNA level predicts outcomes and organ dysfunction in patients with septic shock. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:176. [PMID: 30005596 PMCID: PMC6045839 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Although elevation of the plasma level of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) has been reported in sepsis patients, there has been little direct measurement of circulating free NETs such as myeloperoxidase-conjugated DNA (MPO-DNA). The objectives of this study were to detect NETs in the bloodstream of patients with septic shock, and to assess the correlations of circulating NET levels with organ dysfunction, disease severity, and mortality. Methods Fifty-five patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of 35 Japanese hospitals were studied. Septic shock was diagnosed according to the 1997 definition of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. To detect circulating NETs, plasma levels of MPO-DNA and cf-DNA were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by fluorometric assay on days 1, 3, and 7 after the onset of septic shock. Physiological and mortality data were collected from the clinical database. Results On days 1, 3, and 7, the patients showed a marked increase in plasma MPO-DNA levels compared with healthy volunteers, whereas the plasma cf-DNA level was only increased significantly on day 1 and then decreased rapidly. A high MPO-DNA level on days 3 and 7 were associated with 28-day mortality. On days 3 and 7, the MPO-DNA levels were inversely correlated with both the mean arterial pressure and the PaO2/FIO2 ratio, whereas the cf-DNA level was not correlated with either parameter. There was a positive correlation between the plasma MPO-DNA level and the sepsis-related organ failure assessment score on days 3 and 7. Neither cf-DNA nor MPO-DNA levels were correlated with the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score or the platelet count. Conclusion The increase in circulating MPO-DNA in patients with septic shock indicates acceleration of NET formation in the early stages of sepsis. High MPO-DNA levels are associated with the severity of organ dysfunction and 28-day mortality due to septic shock, but not with the DIC score. These results suggest that excessive NET formation contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2109-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hisatake Mori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Gocho
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Muhammad A Huq
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoshi Takeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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Sepsis Induces a Dysregulated Neutrophil Phenotype That Is Associated with Increased Mortality. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4065362. [PMID: 29849488 PMCID: PMC5925119 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4065362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure; however, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the sequential changes in ex vivo NETosis and its relationship with mortality in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 21 healthy age-matched controls and 39 sepsis and 60 severe sepsis patients from acute admissions to two UK hospitals. Patients had sequential bloods for the ex vivo assessment of NETosis in response to phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) using a fluorometric technique and chemotaxis using time-lapse video microscopy. Continuous data was tested for normality, with appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests, whilst categorical data was analysed using a chi-squared test. Correlations were performed using Spearman's rho. Results Ex vivo NETosis was reduced in patients with severe sepsis, compared to patients with sepsis and controls (p = 0.002). PMA NETosis from patients with septic shock was reduced further (p < 0.001) compared to controls. The degree of metabolic acidosis correlated with reduced NETosis (p < 0.001), and this was replicated when neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated in acidotic media. Reduced NETosis at baseline was associated with an increased 30-day (p = 0.002) and 90-day mortality (p = 0.014) in sepsis patients. These findings were accompanied by defects in neutrophil migration and delayed apoptosis. Resolution of sepsis was not associated with the return to baseline levels of NETosis or migration. Conclusions Sepsis induces significant changes in neutrophil function with the degree of dysfunction corresponding to the severity of the septic insult which persists beyond physiological recovery from sepsis. The changes induced lead to the failure to effectively contain and eliminate the invading pathogens and contribute to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. For the first time, we demonstrate that reduced ex vivo NETosis is associated with poorer outcomes from sepsis.
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Troia R, Giunti M, Calipa S, Goggs R. Cell-Free DNA, High-Mobility Group Box-1, and Procalcitonin Concentrations in Dogs With Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Syndrome. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:67. [PMID: 29686994 PMCID: PMC5900424 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine gastric dilatation–volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening disease characterized by extensive tissue ischemia, tissue hypoperfusion, and systemic inflammation. Biomarkers that better reflect the severity of gastric necrosis and systemic inflammation would aid clinicians in the management of these patients. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and procalcitonin (PCT) in dogs with GDV. Concentrations of cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT were measured in citrated plasma samples collected from 29 dogs with GDV at hospital admission. Additional data collected included baseline lactate concentrations, APPLEfast score, evidence of gastric necrosis, occurrence of postoperative complications, and outcome. Twenty-four healthy dogs were sampled as controls. Continuous variables between groups were compared with the Mann–Whitney U and correlations between continuous variables were assessed by calculation of Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Alpha was set at 0.05. Dogs with GDV had significantly greater concentrations of cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT compared to controls (P = 0.0009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.009, respectively). PCT concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (P = 0.008). Dogs with gastric necrosis had significantly greater lactate concentrations compared to dogs without gastric necrosis (P = 0.0005). The APPLEfast score was not prognostic. Lactate and PCT concentrations were moderately, positively correlated (rs 0.51, P = 0.0005). Concentrations of the inflammatory biomarkers cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT are increased in canine GDV. Only lactate and PCT concentrations were prognostic in this population of GDV dogs and were predictive of the presence of gastric necrosis and of non-survival to hospital discharge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Calipa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Host-Pathogen-Treatment Triad: Host Factors Matter Most in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Outcomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01902-17. [PMID: 29203479 PMCID: PMC5786753 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01902-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have separately emphasized the importance of host, pathogen, and treatment characteristics in determining short-term or in-hospital mortality rates for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections. Less is known about the relative importance of these factors and their interactions in determining short-, medium-, and long-term mortality rates. This is an observational cohort study in which data for all patients admitted to the University of New Mexico (UNM) Health Sciences Center (HSC) between July 2002 and August 2013 with MRSA-positive blood cultures were recorded. We collected patients' demographics and treatment data, as well as data on genetic markers of the MRSA isolates. Outcomes of interest were determinants of short-term (within 30 days), medium-term (30 to 90 days), and long-term (>90 days) mortality rates. This study included 273 patients with MRSA bacteremia. Short-, medium-, and long-term mortality rates were 18.7%, 26.4%, and 48%, respectively. Thirty-day mortality rates were influenced by host variables and host-pathogen interaction characteristics. Pitt bacteremia scores, malignancy, and health care exposure contributed to 30- to 90-day mortality rates, while treatment duration of >4 weeks had a protective effect. Age remained a significant risk factor for death at >90 days, while admission leukocytosis was protective. Infection represented the most frequent cause of death for all three time frames; rates varied from 72.6% in the first 30 days and 60% for 30 to 90 days to 35.7% for >90 days (P = 0.003). Host characteristics affect short-, medium-, and long-term mortality rates for MRSA bloodstream infections more than do pathogen genetic markers and treatment factors.
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Cell-free DNA: the role in pathophysiology and as a biomarker in kidney diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2018; 20:e1. [PMID: 29343314 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in various body fluids and originates mostly from blood cells. In specific conditions, circulating cfDNA might be derived from tumours, donor organs after transplantation or from the foetus during pregnancy. The analysis of cfDNA is mainly used for genetic analyses of the source tissue -tumour, foetus or for the early detection of graft rejection. It might serve also as a nonspecific biomarker of tissue damage in critical care medicine. In kidney diseases, cfDNA increases during haemodialysis and indicates cell damage. In patients with renal cell carcinoma, cfDNA in plasma and its integrity is studied for monitoring of tumour growth, the effects of chemotherapy and for prognosis. Urinary cfDNA is highly fragmented, but the technical hurdles can now be overcome and urinary cfDNA is being evaluated as a potential biomarker of renal injury and urinary tract tumours. Beyond its diagnostic application, cfDNA might also be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting the kidneys as shown for systemic lupus, sepsis and some pregnancy-related pathologies. Recent data suggest that increased cfDNA is associated with acute kidney injury. In this review, we discuss the biological characteristics, sources of cfDNA, its potential use as a biomarker as well as its role in the pathogenesis of renal and urinary diseases.
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Letendre JA, Goggs R. Measurement of plasma cell-free DNA concentrations in dogs with sepsis, trauma, and neoplasia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:307-314. [PMID: 28295988 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was identifiable in canine plasma, to evaluate 3 techniques for the measurement of plasma cfDNA concentrations in dogs presented to an emergency service, and to compare the plasma cfDNA concentrations of healthy dogs to those with sepsis, trauma, and neoplasia. DESIGN Retrospective study of banked canine plasma samples collected between May 2014 and December 2014. SETTING Dogs presented to the emergency service of a university veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Plasma cfDNA was measured on residual plasma samples obtained from 15 dogs with sepsis, 15 dogs with moderate-severe trauma, 15 dogs diagnosed with a sarcoma. Plasma cfDNA was also measured in 15 healthy dogs. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Assay linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility were evaluated. Quantification of cfDNA was performed in duplicate on diluted citrated plasma and following DNA purification using 2 fluorescence assays (SYBR-Gold; Quant-iT) and by ultraviolet absorbance spectroscopy. Fluorescence intensities (FIs) were converted to cfDNA concentrations using standard curves. Median FI values and cfDNA concentrations were compared to healthy controls using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Alpha was set at 0.05. Both assays had excellent linearity, and acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Compared to controls, plasma cfDNA concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with sepsis or moderate-severe trauma with both assays (P ≤ 0.003). Dogs with neoplasia had significantly increased cfDNA concentrations with the Quant-iT assay only (P = 0.003). When measurements were performed on purified DNA, only dogs with moderate-severe trauma had significantly increased cfDNA concentrations (P < 0.001; SYBR-Gold assay). CONCLUSIONS cfDNA can be readily identified in canine plasma using 2 fluorescence assays. DNA extraction offers no advantage over direct measurement. Compared to healthy controls, dogs with sepsis or moderate-severe trauma have significantly increased plasma cfDNA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Annie Letendre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
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30
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Fucic A, Guszak V, Keser T, Wagner J, Juretić E, Plavec D, Stojković R, Gornik O, Lauc G. Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. Mutat Res 2017; 815:6-15. [PMID: 28283092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. NDI was detected on MN slides. Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. Cell-free DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. For the association between biomarkers and individual characteristics, generalized linear/nonlinear analysis was performed. No significant difference was found between NBHM and NBDM for cell-free DNA levels. There was no association between cell-free DNA levels and lifestyle. MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). MN frequency and NDI were significantly associated with residence (urban vs. rural). PG differed significantly between NBHM and NBDM (p<0.001). A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Toma Keser
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Emilja Juretić
- University Clinical Centre "Zagreb", Zagreb, Croatia; Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Olga Gornik
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mustonen J, Outinen T, Laine O, Pörsti I, Vaheri A, Mäkelä S. Kidney disease in Puumala hantavirus infection. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:321-332. [PMID: 28049381 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1274421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a predominant clinical expression of nephropathia epidemica (NE). Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Here, we describe the tissue injury comprehensively and present new data aimed to characterize the injury and explain its pathophysiology. When compared to tubulointerstitial nephritis of a wide variety of other aetiologies, a high degree of proteinuria is a distinguished trait of NE, a finding that is also helpful in the clinical suspicion of the disease. Recently, novel biomarkers for the prediction of severe AKI, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), have been identified and ultrastructural tissue changes have been more accurately described. A role for soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suPAR) in the pathogenesis of NE has been suggested, and data on gene polymorphisms, in relation to the severity of AKI have been presented. Smoking is a risk factor for NE and smoking is also associated with aggravated AKI in NE. Although no specific treatment is in sight, recent case reports concerning therapy directed against vascular permeability and vasodilation are of interest. In fact, future work trying to explain the pathophysiology of AKI might need concentrated efforts towards the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability and vasodilatation, which irrespective of organ manifestation, are two major determinants of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Mustonen
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Tuula Outinen
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Outi Laine
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- c Department of Virology, Medicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Satu Mäkelä
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
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Jacobs L, Wong HR. Emerging infection and sepsis biomarkers: will they change current therapies? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:929-41. [PMID: 27533847 PMCID: PMC5087989 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1222272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by both immune hyperactivity and relative immune suppression. Biomarkers have the potential to improve recognition and management of sepsis through three main applications: diagnosis, monitoring response to treatment, and stratifying patients based on prognosis or underlying biological response. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on specific examples of well-studied, evidence-supported biomarkers, and discusses their role in clinical practice with special attention to antibiotic stewardship and cost-effectiveness. Biomarkers were selected based on availability of robust prospective trials and meta-analyses which supported their role as emerging tools to improve the clinical management of sepsis. Expert commentary: Great strides have been made in candidate sepsis biomarker discovery and testing, with the biomarkers in this review showing promise. Yet sepsis remains a dynamic illness with a great degree of biological heterogeneity - heterogeneity which may be further resolved by recently discovered gene expression-based endotypes in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati OH, 45229, , Tel: 513-636-4529, Fax: 513-636-4267
| | - Hector R Wong
- Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, (corresponding author), Tel: 513-636-4529, Fax: 513-636-4267
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Xia DL, Zhang H, Luo QL, Zhang AF, Zhu LX. Cell-free DNA increase over first 48 hours in emergency intensive care unit predicts fatal outcome in patients with shock. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1002-1012. [PMID: 27388470 PMCID: PMC5536549 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether circulating cell-free (cf)-DNA levels are a useful biomarker for survival in patients with shock in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods This prospective observational study enrolled patients admitted to the EICU diagnosed with shock. Blood cf-DNA levels were analysed on admission, and after 24 and 48 h. As a measure of circulating cf-DNA, copy number of the β-globin gene in plasma was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Circulating cf-DNA levels were higher at hospital admission and after 24 h in EICU patients with shock who died than in those who recovered. Change in cf-DNA levels over the first 48 h in critical care was independently associated with 28-day mortality. The critical cut-off value for cf-DNA change over 48 h in predicting 28-day mortality was +16.12% (sensitivity 68.9%, specificity 89.7%). Conclusions Increased circulating cf-DNA levels in EICU patients with shock are associated with risk of death and measuring cf-DNA change over 48 h improves risk prediction. The present study suggests that cf-DNA may serve as a viable plasma biomarker of mortality risk in EICU patients with shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Ling Xia
- 1 Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- 1 Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Li Luo
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - A Fang Zhang
- 3 Intensive Care Unit, Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Li Xin Zhu
- 4 Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Circulating cell-free DNA is elevated in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and predicts short-term outcome. J Infect 2016; 73:383-6. [PMID: 27452197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the U.S. population ages, the incidence of chronic disease will rise. Chronic diseases have been linked to chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammation. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria were noninterventional studies on acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and infection published in English after 2000, conducted in humans using the fluorescence method of quantifying DNA. Of the 442 articles retrieved, 83 were identified for full-text review and 13 remained after application of inclusion criteria. RESULTS Of the reviewed studies, three involved acute inflammation, six involved chronic inflammation, and four involved infection. Healthy controls with interpretable results were included in six studies, three of which used the Quant-iT high-sensitivity DNA kit and found cfDNA quantities near 800 ng/ml, while the other three used other fluorescence methods and found quantities below 100 ng/ml. All 13 studies compared groups, and all but 1 found statistically significant differences between them. Among studies using the Quant-iT reagent, levels were higher in infection than in chronic inflammation. Among studies that used other reagents, levels increased from chronic to acute inflammation to severe infection. CfDNA levels were associated with mortality and with clinical outcomes in acute inflammation and infection. Most studies assessed cfDNA's correlation with other inflammation biomarkers and found inconclusive results. CONCLUSION There appears to be an association between inflammation and cfDNA. Further research is necessary before cfDNA can be used clinically as a measure of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu O Frank
- College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Rodrigues Filho EM, Ikuta N, Simon D, Regner AP. Prognostic value of circulating DNA levels in critically ill and trauma patients. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2016; 26:305-12. [PMID: 25295826 PMCID: PMC4188468 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of studies investigating circulating nucleic acids as potential biomarkers
has increased in recent years. The detection of such biomarkers is a minimally
invasive alternative for the diagnosis and prognosis of various clinical conditions.
The value of circulating DNA levels as a predictive biomarker has been demonstrated
in patients suffering from numerous acute pathologies that have a high risk of
intensive care needs and in-hospital deaths. The mechanism by which circulating DNA
levels increase in patients with these conditions remains unclear. In this review, we
focused on the potential use of this biomarker for prognosis prediction in critically
ill and trauma patients. The literature review was performed by searching MedLine
using PubMed in the English language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilo Ikuta
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores do Trauma, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores do Trauma, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Andrea Pereira Regner
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores do Trauma, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
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Bakir M, Engin A, Kuskucu MA, Bakir S, Gündag O, Midilli K. Relationship of plasma cell-free DNA level with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1152-8. [PMID: 26680021 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infection. Circulating plasma cell-free DNA (pcf-DNA) is a novel marker indicating cellular damage. So far, the role of pcf-DNA did not investigate in CCHF patients. In the current study, pcf-DNA levels were investigated in CCHF patients with different clinical severity grades to explore the relationship between circulating pcf-DNA level, virus load, and disease severity. Seventy-two patients were categorized as mild, intermediate, and severe based on severity grading scores. The pcf-DNA level was obtained from all participants on admission and from the survivors on the day of the discharge. The controls consisted of 31 healthy. Although the pcf-DNA level at admission was higher in patients than in the controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). However, at admission and in the convalescent period, the difference between pcf-DNA levels in mild, intermediate, and severe patient groups was significant. The pcf-DNA level in severe patients was higher than in the others. Furthermore, compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher pcf-DNA levels at admission (P = 0.001). A direct relationship was found between the pcf-DNA level and the viral load on the day of discharge in surviving patients. ROC curve analysis identified a pcf-DNA level of 0.42 as the optimal cut-off for prediction of mortality. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity for predicting mortality was 100%, 72%, 100%, and 79%, respectively. In summary, our findings revealed that pcf-DNA levels may be used as a biomarker in predicting CHHF prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bakir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aynur Engin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuskucu
- Department of Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Omür Gündag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kenan Midilli
- Department of Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Identification of Predictive Early Biomarkers for Sterile-SIRS after Cardiovascular Surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135527. [PMID: 26263001 PMCID: PMC4532358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common complication after cardiovascular surgery that in severe cases can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and even death. We therefore set out to identify reliable early biomarkers for SIRS in a prospective small patient study for timely intervention. 21 Patients scheduled for planned cardiovascular surgery were recruited in the study, monitored for signs of SIRS and blood samples were taken to investigate biomarkers at pre-assigned time points: day of admission, start of surgery, end of surgery, days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 post surgery. Stored plasma and cryopreserved blood samples were analyzed for cytokine expression (IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα, IFNγ), other pro-inflammatory markers (sCD163, sTREM-1, ESM-1) and response to endotoxin. Acute phase proteins CRP, PCT and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8 were significantly increased (p<0.001) at the end of surgery in all patients but could not distinguish between groups. Normalization of samples revealed significant increases in IL1β changes (p<0.05) and decreased responses to endotoxin (p<0.01) in the SIRS group at the end of surgery. Soluble TREM-1 plasma concentrations were significantly increased in patients with SIRS (p<0.01). This small scale patient study could show that common sepsis markers PCT, CRP, IL6 and TNFα had low predictive value for early diagnosis of SIRS after cardiovascular surgery. A combination of normalized IL1β plasma levels, responses to endotoxin and soluble TREM-1 plasma concentrations at the end of surgery are predictive markers of SIRS development in this small scale study and could act as an indicator for starting early therapeutic interventions.
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Parlato M, Cavaillon JM. Host response biomarkers in the diagnosis of sepsis: a general overview. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1237:149-211. [PMID: 25319788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1776-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Critically ill patients who display a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are prone to develop nosocomial infections. The challenge remains to distinguish as early as possible among SIRS patients those who are developing sepsis. Following a sterile insult, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by damaged tissues and necrotic cells initiate an inflammatory response close to that observed during sepsis. During sepsis, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger the release of host mediators involved in innate immunity and inflammation through identical receptors as DAMPs. In both clinical settings, a compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) is concomitantly initiated. The exacerbated production of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators allows their detection in biological fluids and particularly within the bloodstream. Some of these mediators can be used as biomarkers to decipher among the patients those who developed sepsis, and eventually they can be used as prognosis markers. In addition to plasma biomarkers, the analysis of some surface markers on circulating leukocytes or the study of mRNA and miRNA can be helpful. While there is no magic marker, a combination of few biomarkers might offer a high accuracy for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Parlato
- Unit of Cytokines and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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Purhonen AK, Juutilainen A, Vänskä M, Lehtikangas M, Lakkisto P, Hämäläinen S, Koivula I, Jantunen E, Pulkki K. Human plasma cell-free DNA as a predictor of infectious complications of neutropenic fever in hematological patients. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 47:255-9. [PMID: 25664374 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.985711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenic fever is common in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. The clinical course may be aggravated by infectious complications like severe sepsis, septic shock or even death. We prospectively studied 100 patients with neutropenic fever and evaluated human plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) during the first 3 days after the onset of fever as a prognostic biomarker for complicated clinical course, defined as sepsis or septic shock. Complicated course was observed in 21 patients (21%). There were no significant differences in cfDNA levels between the patients with or without complications on any study day when all the patients were analyzed as one group. In subgroups according to hematological malignancy, patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had lower cfDNA levels than patients with lymphoma. Among AML patients d0 cfDNA/leukocyte ratio and among lymphoma patients d0 cfDNA was associated with subsequent development of sepsis or septic shock. cfDNA deserves further studies in hematological patients with sepsis.
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Yang WE, Woods CW, Tsalik EL. Host-Based Diagnostics for Detection and Prognosis of Infectious Diseases. J Microbiol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dynamic pathology for circulating free DNA in a dextran sodium sulfate colitis mouse model. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:1199-206. [PMID: 25367095 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In sepsis, circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) is increased, and is a marker of severity and prognosis of septic patients. This study aimed to evaluate cf-DNA in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model, and its clinical implications. METHODS Dynamic pathology of the cecum wall in the DSS-induced colitis mouse model was analyzed using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Plasma cf-DNA concentrations in colitis mouse were quantified using PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit. Plasma cf-DNA was also measured in 123 human ulcerative colitis (UC) patients [mean age: 35.9 years (3-75 years) with 20 pediatric patients] to assess its relationships with clinical severity and Matt's grade. RESULTS Real-time images of cf-DNA were detected in the colitis model. The amount of labeled cf-DNA in the circulation of the colitis mice group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). In human UC blood samples, plasma cf-DNA concentrations in UC patients were significantly positively correlated with the clinical severity of UC and Matt's grade (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Using MPM, we observed and analyzed real-time images of cf-DNA in a colitis mouse model. Plasma cf-DNA is a potential non-invasive blood marker for reflecting clinical severity and mucosal damage in UC patients.
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Lou X, Hou Y, Liang D, Peng L, Chen H, Ma S, Zhang L. A novel Alu-based real-time PCR method for the quantitative detection of plasma circulating cell-free DNA: sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:72-80. [PMID: 25374065 PMCID: PMC4249756 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop and validate a rapid and sensitive, Alu-based real-time PCR method for the detection of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). This method targeted repetitive elements of the Alu reduplicative elements in the human genome, followed by signal amplification using fluorescence quantification. Standard Alu-puc57 vectors were constructed and 5 pairs of specific primers were designed. Valuation was conducted concerning linearity, variation and recovery. We found 5 linear responses (R1–5=0.998–0.999). The average intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variance were 12.98 and 10.75%, respectively. The recovery was 82.33–114.01%, with a mean recovery index of 101.26%. This Alu-based assay was reliable, accurate and sensitive for the quantitative detection of cfDNA. Plasma from normal controls and patients with myocardial infarction (MI) were analyzed, and the baseline levels of cfDNA were higher in the MI group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for Alu1, Alu2, Alu3, Alu4, Alu5 and Alu (Alu1 + Alu2 + Alu3 + Alu4 + Alu5) was 0.887, 0.758, 0.857, 0.940, 0.968 and 0.933, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for Alu1, Alu2, Alu3, Alu4, Alu5 and Alu to predict MI was 3.71, 1.93, 0.22, 3.73, 6.13 and 6.40 log copies/ml. We demonstrate that this new method is a reliable, accurate and sensitive method for the quantitative detection of cfDNA and that it is useful for studying the regulation of cfDNA in certain pathological conditions. Alu4, Alu5 and Alu showed better sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MI compared with cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Alu5 had the best prognostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiang Hou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Liang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Shanyuan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Imwong M, Woodrow CJ, Hendriksen ICE, Veenemans J, Verhoef H, Faiz MA, Mohanty S, Mishra S, Mtove G, Gesase S, Seni A, Chhaganlal KD, Day NPJ, Dondorp AM, White NJ. Plasma concentration of parasite DNA as a measure of disease severity in falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1128-33. [PMID: 25344520 PMCID: PMC4354984 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In malaria-endemic areas, Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia is common in apparently healthy children and severe malaria is commonly misdiagnosed in patients with incidental parasitemia. We assessed whether the plasma Plasmodium falciparum DNA concentration is a useful datum for distinguishing uncomplicated from severe malaria in African children and Asian adults. P. falciparum DNA concentrations were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 224 African children (111 with uncomplicated malaria and 113 with severe malaria) and 211 Asian adults (100 with uncomplicated malaria and 111 with severe malaria) presenting with acute falciparum malaria. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma P. falciparum DNA concentrations in identifying severe malaria was 0.834 for children and 0.788 for adults, similar to that of plasma P. falciparum HRP2 levels and substantially superior to that of parasite densities (P < .0001). The diagnostic accuracy of plasma P. falciparum DNA concentrations plus plasma P. falciparum HRP2 concentrations was significantly greater than that of plasma P. falciparum HRP2 concentrations alone (0.904 for children [P = .004] and 0.847 for adults [P = .003]). Quantitative real-time PCR measurement of parasite DNA in plasma is a useful method for diagnosing severe falciparum malaria on fresh or archived plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles J Woodrow
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
| | - Ilse C E Hendriksen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
| | - Jacobien Veenemans
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Verhoef
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University MRC Keneba, the Gambia
| | | | | | - Saroj Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Ispat Hospital, Rourkela, India
| | - George Mtove
- Amani Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza
| | - Samwel Gesase
- Korogwe Research Laboratory, National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Kajal D Chhaganlal
- Hospital Central da Beira Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Mozambique, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford
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The impact of chronic kidney disease and short-term treatment with rosiglitazone on plasma cell-free DNA levels. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:643189. [PMID: 25371664 PMCID: PMC4211161 DOI: 10.1155/2014/643189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulating free nucleic acids, known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), have been proposed as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk. The impact of renal impairment on cfDNA levels and whether cfDNA is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in CKD has not been systematically studied. We analysed cfDNA concentrations from patients with varying degrees of CKD. In addition, to determine whether there is a relationship between cfDNA, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in CKD, levels of proinflammatory cytokines and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) were measured in patients treated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist rosiglitazone or placebo for 8 weeks. cfDNA levels were not increased with renal impairment or associated with the degree of renal dysfunction (P = 0.5). Treatment with rosiglitazone for 8 weeks, but not placebo, was more likely to lead to a reduction in cfDNA levels (P = 0.046); however, the absolute changes in cfDNA concentrations during treatment were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). cfDNA levels correlated with markers of endothelial dysfunction (hsCRP P = 0.0497) and vWF (P = 0.0005). In conclusion, cell-free DNA levels are not influenced by renal impairment but do reflect endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD.
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Abstract
Sepsis is the primary cause of death in the intensive care unit. The prevention of sepsis complications requires an early and accurate diagnosis as well as the appropriate mon itoring. A deep knowledge of the immunologic basis of sepsis is essential to better understand the scope of incorporating a new marker into clinical practice. Besides revising this theoretical aspect, the current available tools for bacterial iden tification have been briefly reviewed as well as a variety of new markers showing either well-recognized or potential usefulness for diagnosis and prognosis of infections in crit ically ill patients. Particular conditions such as community acquired pneumonia, pedi atric sepsis, or liver transplantation, among others, have been separately treated, since the optimal approaches and markers might be different in these special cases.
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47
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Yi J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu B, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhuang R, Jin B. Increased plasma cell-free DNA level during HTNV infection: correlation with disease severity and virus load. Viruses 2014; 6:2723-34. [PMID: 25029493 PMCID: PMC4113790 DOI: 10.3390/v6072723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in blood represents a promising DNA damage response triggered by virus infection or trauma, tumor, etc. Hantavirus primarily causes two diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), depending on different Hantavirus species. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma cf-DNA levels in acute phase of HFRS, and to correlate plasma cf-DNA with disease severity and plasma Hanttan virus (HTNV) load. We observed the appearance of cf-DNA in 166 plasma samples from 76 HFRS patients: the plasma cf-DNA levels peaked at the hypotensive stage of HFRS, and then decreased gradually. Until the diuretic stage, there was no significant difference in plasma cf-DNA level between patients and the healthy control. Exclusively in the febrile/hypotensive stage, the plasma cf-DNA levels of severe/critical patients were higher than those of the mild/moderate group. Moreover, the plasma cf-DNA value in the early stage of HFRS was correlated with HTNV load and disease severity. In most of the patients, plasma cf-DNA displayed a low-molecular weight appearance, corresponding to the size of apoptotic DNA. In conclusion, the plasma cf-DNA levels were dynamically elevated during HFRS, and correlated with disease severity, which suggests that plasma cf-DNA may be a potential biomarker for the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Avriel A, Paryente Wiessman M, Almog Y, Perl Y, Novack V, Galante O, Klein M, Pencina MJ, Douvdevani A. Admission cell free DNA levels predict 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis in intensive care. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100514. [PMID: 24955978 PMCID: PMC4067333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the current study is to assess the mortality prediction accuracy of circulating cell-free DNA (CFD) level at admission measured by a new simplified method. Materials and Methods CFD levels were measured by a direct fluorescence assay in severe sepsis patients on intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In-hospital and/or twenty eight day all-cause mortality was the primary outcome. Results Out of 108 patients with median APACHE II of 20, 32.4% have died in hospital/or at 28-day. CFD levels were higher in decedents: median 3469.0 vs. 1659 ng/ml, p<0.001. In multivariable model APACHE II score and CFD (quartiles) were significantly associated with the mortality: odds ratio of 1.05, p = 0.049 and 2.57, p<0.001 per quartile respectively. C-statistics for the models was 0.79 for CFD and 0.68 for APACHE II. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses showed that CFD and CFD+APACHE II score models had better discriminatory ability than APACHE II score alone. Conclusions CFD level assessed by a new, simple fluorometric-assay is an accurate predictor of acute mortality among ICU patients with severe sepsis. Comparison of CFD to APACHE II score and Procalcitonin (PCT), suggests that CFD has the potential to improve clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Avriel
- Pulmonology Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maya Paryente Wiessman
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaniv Almog
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Perl
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ori Galante
- General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Klein
- General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael J. Pencina
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amos Douvdevani
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Forsblom E, Aittoniemi J, Ruotsalainen E, Helmijoki V, Huttunen R, Jylhävä J, Hurme M, Järvinen A. High cell-free DNA predicts fatal outcome among Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia patients with intensive care unit treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87741. [PMID: 24520336 PMCID: PMC3919733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among patients with bacteraemia or sepsis the plasma cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) biomarker has prognostic value and Pitt bacteraemia scores predict outcome. We evaluated the prognostic value of plasma cf-DNA in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) treated in the ICU or in the general ward. Methods 418 adult patients with positive blood culture for S. aureus were prospectively followed for 90 days. SAB patients were grouped according to ICU treatment: 99 patients were treated in ICU within 7 days of documented SAB whereas 319 patients were managed outside ICU. Pitt bacteraemia scores were assessed at hospital arrival and cf-DNA was measured at days 3 and 5 from positive blood culture. Results SAB patients with high Pitt bacteraemia scores and ICU treatment presented higher cf-DNA values as compared to SAB patients with low Pitt bacteraemia scores and non-ICU treatment at both days 3 and 5. Among ICU patients cf-DNA >1.99 µg/ml at day 3 predicted death with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 77% and had an AUC in receiver operating characteristic analysis of 0.71 (p<0.01). The cut-off cf-DNA >1.99 µg/ml value demonstrated a strong association to high Pitt bacteraemia scores (≥4 points) (p<0.000). After controlling for all prognostic markers, Pitt bacteraemia scores ≥4 points at hospital admission (OR 4.47, p<0.000) and day 3 cf-DNA (OR 3.56, p<0.001) were the strongest factors significantly predicting outcome in ICU patients. cf-DNA at day 5 did not predict fatal outcome. Conclusion High cf-DNA concentrations were observed among patients with high Pitt bacteraemia scores and ICU treatment. Pitt bacteraemia scores (≥4 points) and cf-DNA at day 3 from positive blood culture predicted death among SAB patients in ICU and were found to be independent prognostic markers. cf-DNA had no prognostic value among non-ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Forsblom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Janne Aittoniemi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Visa Helmijoki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Huttunen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Asko Järvinen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Neto-Neves EM. Cell-free DNA as a promising marker for risk stratification of pulmonary embolism. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:464. [PMID: 24245555 PMCID: PMC4057172 DOI: 10.1186/cc13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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