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Luchkova A, Mata A, Cadenas S. Nrf2 as a regulator of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39118293 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential for the control of cellular redox homeostasis. When activated, Nrf2 elicits cytoprotective effects through the expression of several genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 can also improve antioxidant defense via the pentose phosphate pathway by increasing NADPH availability to regenerate glutathione. Microarray and genome-wide localization analyses have identified many Nrf2 target genes beyond those linked to its redox-regulatory capacity. Nrf2 regulates several intermediary metabolic pathways and is involved in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, contributing to malignant phenotypes. Nrf2 also modulates substrate utilization for mitochondrial respiration. Here we review the experimental evidence supporting the essential role of Nrf2 in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Luchkova
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Mata
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Makinde E, Ma L, Mellick GD, Feng Y. A High-Throughput Screening of a Natural Products Library for Mitochondria Modulators. Biomolecules 2024; 14:440. [PMID: 38672457 PMCID: PMC11048375 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy hubs of the cell, are progressively becoming attractive targets in the search for potent therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases. The pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), underscores the urgency of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Given the limitations associated with available treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases, the search for new potent alternatives has become imperative. In this report, we embarked on an extensive screening of 4224 fractions from 384 Australian marine organisms and plant samples to identify natural products with protective effects on mitochondria. Our initial screening using PD patient-sourced olfactory neurosphere-derived (hONS) cells with rotenone as a mitochondria stressor resulted in 108 promising fractions from 11 different biota. To further assess the potency and efficacy of these hits, the 11 biotas were subjected to a subsequent round of screening on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, using 6-hydroxydopamine to induce mitochondrial stress, complemented by a mitochondrial membrane potential assay. This rigorous process yielded 35 active fractions from eight biotas. Advanced analysis using an orbit trap mass spectrophotometer facilitated the identification of the molecular constituents of the most active fraction from each of the eight biotas. This meticulous approach led to the discovery of 57 unique compounds, among which 12 were previously recognized for their mitoprotective effects. Our findings highlight the vast potential of natural products derived from Australian marine organisms and plants in the quest for innovative treatments targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Makinde
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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3
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Monsalvo-Maraver LA, Ovalle-Noguez EA, Nava-Osorio J, Maya-López M, Rangel-López E, Túnez I, Tinkov AA, Tizabi Y, Aschner M, Santamaría A. Interactions Between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Nrf2, and the Cannabinoidome as Protective Strategies to Combat Neurodegeneration: Review on Experimental Evidence. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:18. [PMID: 38393521 PMCID: PMC10891226 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic brain diseases that affect humans worldwide. Although many different factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, alterations in several key elements such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS or endocannabinoidome) have been implicated in their etiology. Impairment of these elements has been linked to the origin and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, while their potentiation is thought to promote neuronal survival and overall neuroprotection, as proved with several experimental models. These key neuroprotective pathways can interact and indirectly activate each other. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective potential of the UPS, ECS, and Nrf2 signaling, both separately and combined, pinpointing their role as a potential therapeutic approach against several hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Monsalvo-Maraver
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enid A Ovalle-Noguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jade Nava-Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Maya-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimonides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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4
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Moubarak MM, Pagano Zottola AC, Larrieu CM, Cuvellier S, Daubon T, Martin OCB. Exploring the multifaceted role of NRF2 in brain physiology and cancer: A comprehensive review. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad160. [PMID: 38221979 PMCID: PMC10785770 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of brain malignancies due to the high rate of brain oxygen utilization and concomitant production of reactive oxygen species. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of antioxidant signaling, is a key factor in regulating brain physiology and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Also, NRF2 is known to exert a protective antioxidant effect against the onset of oxidative stress-induced diseases, including cancer, along with its pro-oncogenic activities through regulating various signaling pathways and downstream target genes. In glioblastoma (GB), grade 4 glioma, tumor resistance, and recurrence are caused by the glioblastoma stem cell population constituting a small bulk of the tumor core. The persistence and self-renewal capacity of these cell populations is enhanced by NRF2 expression in GB tissues. This review outlines NRF2's dual involvement in cancer and highlights its regulatory role in human brain physiology and diseases, in addition to the development of primary brain tumors and therapeutic potential, with a focus on GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Moubarak
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
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5
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Ma Y, Wang Z, Hu Y. Insight into Nrf2: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2022. Front Genet 2023; 14:1266680. [PMID: 37779908 PMCID: PMC10540848 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1266680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in governing the antioxidant defense system, triggering the transcription of diverse genes involved in cellular protection. Its role in mitigating oxidative damage and modulating inflammatory processes has made Nrf2 an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Despite the growing interest in Nrf2 research, a bibliometric analysis is relatively rare. This study aimed to clarify Nrf2's role in multiple diseases, identify emerging trends and hotspots using bibliometric analysis, and provide valuable insights and potential directions for future therapeutic interventions. Methods: The Science Citation Index of Web of Science Core library from 2000 to 2022 was searched on 22 October 2022. Use Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, and VOS viewers for data collection and visualization of research focus and trends. Results: A vast collection of 22,040 research studies on Nrf2 published between 2000 and 2022 were identified. Nrf2 research has seen significant growth globally from 2000 to 2022. China leaded in publication numbers (9,623, 43.66%), while the United States dominated in citation frequency with 261,776 citations. China Medical University was the most productive institutions (459, 2.08%). Masayuki Yamamoto topped in publications (307), while Itoh K. ranked first in citations with 3669. Free Radical Biology and Medicine was the journal with the most studies and citations on Nrf2 (613, 29,687 citations). The analysis of keyword clustering enhanced the categorization of topics and can be summarized as oxidative stress, cancer, disorders in glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and neurological conditions. Conclusion: China and the United States are the pioneers in Nrf2 research. Recently, there has been a comprehensive exploration of Nrf2 involving both experimental and clinical aspects, as well as mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Investigating novel molecular mechanisms, including NF-κB, Ho1, and Keap1, and developing enhanced, targeted Nrf2 activators or inhibitors to uncover the interplay among cancer, glycolipid metabolic disorder, inflammation, and neurological disorders will be upcoming trends and hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuedong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Alam MM, Kishino A, Sung E, Sekine H, Abe T, Murakami S, Akaike T, Motohashi H. Contribution of NRF2 to sulfur metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102624. [PMID: 36758466 PMCID: PMC9941419 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by regulating various enzymes and proteins that are involved in the redox reactions utilizing sulfur. While substantial impacts of NRF2 on mitochondrial activity have been described, the precise mechanism by which NRF2 regulates mitochondrial function is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that NRF2 increased intracellular persulfides by upregulating the cystine transporter xCT encoded by Slc7a11, a well-known NRF2 target gene. Persulfides have been shown to play an important role in mitochondrial function. Supplementation with glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG), which is a form of persulfide, elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and promoted ATP production. Persulfide-mediated mitochondrial activation was shown to require the mitochondrial sulfur oxidation pathway, especially sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR). Consistently, NRF2-mediated mitochondrial activation was also dependent on SQOR activity. This study clarified that the facilitation of persulfide production and sulfur metabolism in mitochondria by increasing cysteine availability is one of the mechanisms for NRF2-dependent mitochondrial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Morshedul Alam
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur 12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Akihiro Kishino
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eunkyu Sung
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shohei Murakami
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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7
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Makinde E, Ma L, Mellick GD, Feng Y. Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020226. [PMID: 36830595 PMCID: PMC9953029 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are widely considered the "power hub" of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, and cell apoptosis. The mitochondria also perform crucial multifaceted roles in biosynthetic pathways, serving as an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, amino acid, glucose, and heme. Since mitochondria play multiple vital roles in the cell, it is not surprising that disruption of mitochondrial function has been linked to a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the key physiological and pathological functions of mitochondria and present bioactive compounds with protective effects on the mitochondria and their mechanisms of action. We highlight promising compounds and existing difficulties limiting the therapeutic use of these compounds and potential solutions. We also provide insights and perspectives into future research windows on mitochondrial modulators.
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8
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The Regulatory Effect of Phytochemicals on Chronic Diseases by Targeting Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020236. [PMID: 36829795 PMCID: PMC9952802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox balance is essential to maintain the body's normal metabolism. Once disrupted, it may lead to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, aging, etc. Oxidative stress can cause or aggravate a series of pathological processes. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help to ameliorate these chronic diseases, which have been found to be associated with Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damage, but also directly regulate genes related to the above-mentioned pathological processes to counter the corresponding changes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases, and many natural phytochemicals have been reported as Nrf2 activators although the defined mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review article focuses on the possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation by natural phytochemicals in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases and the regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, the current clinical trials of phytochemical-originated drug discovery by targeting the Nrf2-ARE pathway were also summarized; the outcomes or the relationship between phytochemicals and chronic diseases prevention are finally analyzed to propose the future research strategies and prospective.
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9
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An Alzheimer’s Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203258. [PMID: 36291125 PMCID: PMC9601087 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an impaired sense of smell, for which the molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we generated human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells from people with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performed global RNA sequencing to determine gene expression changes. ONS cells expressed markers of neuroglial differentiation, providing a unique cellular model to explore changes of early AD-associated pathways. Our transcriptomics data from ONS cells revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cognitive processes in AD cells compared to MCI, or matched healthy controls (HC). A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 6 (AKAP6) was the most significantly altered gene in AD compared to both MCI and HC, and has been linked to cognitive function. The greatest change in gene expression of all DEGs occurred between AD and MCI. Gene pathway analysis revealed defects in multiple cellular processes with aging, intellectual deficiency and alternative splicing being the most significantly dysregulated in AD ONS cells. Our results demonstrate that ONS cells can provide a cellular model for AD that recapitulates disease-associated differences. We have revealed potential novel genes, including AKAP6 that may have a role in AD, particularly MCI to AD transition, and should be further examined.
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Miao WG, Nguyen T, Iqbal J, Pierens GK, Ma L, Richardson DR, Wood SA, Mellick GD, Quinn RJ, Feng Y. Meeting the Challenge 2: Identification of Potential Chemical Probes for Parkinson's Disease from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort Using Cytological Profiling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2565-2578. [PMID: 36018577 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been around for thousands of years and is increasingly gaining popularity in the Western world to treat various complex disorders including the incurable neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's Disease (PD). One of the many directions in recent studies of PD is utilizing the phenotypic assay, or cytological profiling, to evaluate the phenotypic changes of PD-implicated cellular components in patient-derived olfactory neuroepithelial (hONS) cells, upon treating the cells with extracts or pure compounds. To obtain small molecules for studies utilizing PD phenotyping assays, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort was selected for analysis as it is a popular Chinese herbal medicine used for treating PD-like symptoms. Fifty-three secondary metabolites, including six new compounds, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of L. chuanxiong; their structures were elucidated based on several spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, MS, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV, and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Cytological profiling of the afforded natural products against PD hONS cells revealed 34 compounds strongly perturbated the staining of several cellular organelles. In fact, greaterthan 1.5-fold change was observed compared to the control (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO), with early endosome, lysosome, and autophagosome (LC3b) being particularly affected. Given these biological compartments are closely related to PD pathogenesis, the results helped rationalize the traditional medicinal use of L. chuanxiong in PD treatment. Further, the hit compounds can serve as chemical probes to map the molecular pathways underlying PD, potentially leading to new therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gang Miao
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jamila Iqbal
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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11
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Wood SA, Hains PG, Muller A, Hill M, Premarathne S, Murtaza M, Robinson PJ, Mellick GD, Sykes AM. Proteomic profiling of idiopathic Parkinson's disease primary patient cells by SWATH-MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2200015. [PMID: 35579911 PMCID: PMC9787017 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is generally diagnosed clinically after the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons and no general biomarkers currently exist. To gain insight into the underlying cellular causes of PD we aimed to quantify the proteomic differences between healthy control and PD patient cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical Mass Spectra was performed on primary cells from healthy controls and PD patients. RESULTS In total, 1948 proteins were quantified and 228 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in PD patient cells. In PD patient cells, we identified seven significantly increased proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and focused on cells with high and low amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1. We discovered that PD patients with high amounts of PDIA6 and HYOU1 proteins were more sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum stress, in particular to tunicamycin. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030723. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This data from primary patient cells has uncovered a critical role of the UPR in patients with PD and may provide insight to the underlying cellular dysfunctions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter G. Hains
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | | | - Melissa Hill
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Susitha Premarathne
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alex M. Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
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12
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Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Tucci P, Saso L. A Perspective on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway for Neuroinflammation: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:787258. [PMID: 35126058 PMCID: PMC8813964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.787258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), the leading causes of dementia. These neurological disorders are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-ß (Aß), tau protein and α-synuclein, contributing to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Misfolded proteins activate microglia, which induces neuroinflammation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently facilitates synaptic damage and neuronal loss. So far, all the proposed drugs were based on the inhibition of protein aggregation and were failed in clinical trials. Therefore, the treatment options of dementia are still a challenging issue. Thus, it is worthwhile to study alternative therapeutic strategies. In this context, there is increasing data on the pivotal role of transcription factor NF- E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, Nrf2 signaling pathway has shown upregulation of antioxidant genes, inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammation, and improved mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting Nrf2 activation could be a novel therapeutic approach to target pathogenesis. The present review will examine the correlation between Nrf2 signaling with neuroinflammation in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Delaidelli A, Richner M, Jiang L, van der Laan A, Bergholdt Jul Christiansen I, Ferreira N, Nyengaard JR, Vægter CB, Jensen PH, Mackenzie IR, Sorensen PH, Jan A. α-Synuclein pathology in Parkinson disease activates homeostatic NRF2 anti-oxidant response. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:105. [PMID: 34092244 PMCID: PMC8183088 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence points to a pathological role of alpha-synuclein (aSyn; gene symbol SNCA), conferred by aSyn misfolding and aggregation, in Parkinson disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Several findings in experimental models implicate perturbations in the tissue homeostatic mechanisms triggered by pathological aSyn accumulation, including impaired redox homeostasis, as significant contributors in the pathogenesis of PD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2/Nrf2) is recognized as ‘the master regulator of cellular anti-oxidant response’, both under physiological as well as in pathological conditions. Using immunohistochemical analyses, we show a robust nuclear NRF2 accumulation in post-mortem PD midbrain, detected by NRF2 phosphorylation on the serine residue 40 (nuclear active p-NRF2, S40). Curated gene expression analyses of four independent publicly available microarray datasets revealed considerable alterations in NRF2-responsive genes in the disease affected regions in PD, including substantia nigra, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, locus coeruleus and globus pallidus. To further examine the putative role of pathological aSyn accumulation on nuclear NRF2 response, we employed a transgenic mouse model of synucleionopathy (M83 line, expressing the mutant human A53T aSyn), which manifests widespread aSyn pathology (phosphorylated aSyn; S129) in the nervous system following intramuscular inoculation of exogenous fibrillar aSyn. We observed strong immunodetection of nuclear NRF2 in neuronal populations harboring p-aSyn (S129), and found an aberrant anti-oxidant and inflammatory gene response in the affected neuraxis. Taken together, our data support the notion that pathological aSyn accumulation impairs the redox homeostasis in nervous system, and boosting neuronal anti-oxidant response is potentially a promising approach to mitigate neurodegeneration in PD and related diseases.
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15
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Guha S, Roy S. Enhanced expression of SLC4A11 by tert-Butylhydroquinone is mediated by direct binding of Nrf2 to the promoter of SLC4A11. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:299-306. [PMID: 33744340 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC4A11, a Na + dependent OH- transporter, is highly expressed in the epithelium and endothelium of the cornea. Mutations in SLC4A11 cause congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), a progressive disease with gradual loss of vision and characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of corneal endothelial cells. SLC4A11 expression is also responsive to oxidative stress. Thus, understanding of SLC4A11 gene regulation is of utmost importance for therapeutic interventions. However, it remains elusive how SLC4A11 is regulated at transcriptional and translational level. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of the SLC4A11 promoter was performed using TRANSFAC. SLC4A11 promoter constructs were generated and exposed to tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) or cotransfected with Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression plasmid and promoter activity was determined. The expression of SLC4A11 was also determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis. The binding of Nrf2 to the promoter of SLC4A11 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Induction of Nrf2 by tBHQ or overexpression of Nrf2 caused increased expression of SLC4A11 in HeLa and human corneal endothelial cells. A conserved Nrf2 binding sequence was found in the promoter of SLC4A11 of several mammalian species. Reporter gene assays showed transcriptional activation of the SLC4A11 promoter in response to tBHQ treatment and Nrf2 overexpression. ChIP analysis validated Nrf2 binding to the conserved sequence of the SLC4A11 promoter. Induction of the Nrf2 pathway also resulted in increased endogenous SLC4A11 protein abundance. On the other hand, depletion of Nrf2 inhibited both transcriptional and translational activities of SLC4A11. CONCLUSION In summary, we determined direct Nrf2 binding to antioxidant responsive element site within the SLC4A11 promoter, and observed increased expression of SLC4A11 by Nrf2 inducers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing Nrf2 exerts an important role in regulation of SLC4A11 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Guha
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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16
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Mackay-Sim A. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: From Genes, Cells and Networks to Novel Pathways for Drug Discovery. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030403. [PMID: 33810178 PMCID: PMC8004882 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a diverse group of Mendelian genetic disorders affecting the upper motor neurons, specifically degeneration of their distal axons in the corticospinal tract. Currently, there are 80 genes or genomic loci (genomic regions for which the causative gene has not been identified) associated with HSP diagnosis. HSP is therefore genetically very heterogeneous. Finding treatments for the HSPs is a daunting task: a rare disease made rarer by so many causative genes and many potential mutations in those genes in individual patients. Personalized medicine through genetic correction may be possible, but impractical as a generalized treatment strategy. The ideal treatments would be small molecules that are effective for people with different causative mutations. This requires identification of disease-associated cell dysfunctions shared across genotypes despite the large number of HSP genes that suggest a wide diversity of molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review highlights the shared dysfunctional phenotypes in patient-derived cells from patients with different causative mutations and uses bioinformatic analyses of the HSP genes to identify novel cell functions as potential targets for future drug treatments for multiple genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mackay-Sim
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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17
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Responsive Expression of MafF to β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8861358. [PMID: 33488846 PMCID: PMC7787795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (sMaf) proteins MafF, MafG, and MafK are basic region leucine zipper- (bZIP-) type transcription factors and display tissue- or stimulus-specific expression patterns. As the oxidative stress reactive proteins, sMafs are implicated in various neurological disorders. In the present study, the expressions of sMafs were investigated across five databases gathering transcriptomic data from 74 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 66 controls in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of MafF was increased in the hippocampus of AD patients, which was negatively correlated with the expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). Furthermore, MafF was significantly increased in patients with Braak stage V-VI, compared to those with Braak stage III-IV. β-Amyloid (Aβ), a strong inducer of oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The responsive expressions of sMafs to Aβ-induced oxidative stress were studied in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, Aβ intrahippocampal injection rats, and several human cell lines from different tissue origins. This study revealed that only the induction of MafF was accompanied with reduction of GCLC and glutathione (GSH). MafF knockdown suppressed the increase of GSH induced by Aβ. Among sMafs, MafF is the most responsive to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and might potentiate the inhibition of antioxidation. These results provide a better understanding of sMaf modulation in AD and highlight MafF as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
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18
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Nguyen DT, Iqbal J, Han J, Pierens GK, Wood SA, Mellick GD, Feng Y. Chemical constituents from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. and their phenotypic functions against a Parkinson's disease patient-derived cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115732. [PMID: 33065438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytological profiling (CP) assay against a human olfactory neuroshpere-derived (hONS) cell line using a library of traditional Chinese medicinal plant extracts gave indications that the ethanolic extract of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. elicited strong perturbations to various cellular components. Further chemical investigation of this extract resulted in the isolation of two new benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, (6R)-10-methoxybocconoline (1) and 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-methoxy-5,6-dihydrochelerythrine (2). Their planar structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies, together with MS data. The absolute configuration for position C-6 of 1 and relative configurations for position C-6 and C-1' of 2 were assigned by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of ECD and NMR data, respectively. Also isolated were fourteen known metabolites, including ten alkaloids (3-12) and four coumaroyl-containing compounds (13-16). Cytological profiling of the isolates against Parkinson's Disease (PD) patient-derived olfactory cells revealed bocconoline (3) and 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,6-dihydrochelerythrine (4) significantly perturbated the features of cellular organelles including early endosomes, mitochondria and autophagosomes. Given that hONS cells from PD patients model some functional aspects of the disease, the results suggested that these phenotypic profiles may have a role in the mechanisms underlying PD and signified the efficacy of CP in finding potential chemical tools to study the biological pathways in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jamila Iqbal
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jianying Han
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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19
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Lee JA, Kim HR, Son HJ, Shin N, Han SH, Cheong CS, Kim DJ, Hwang O. A novel pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine, KKC080106, activates the Nrf2 pathway and protects nigral dopaminergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113387. [PMID: 32580013 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is known to induce neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and is considered to be an excellent molecular target for drugs related to neurodegenerative disease therapy. Nrf2 activators previously tested in clinical trials were electrophilic, causing adverse effects due to non-selective and covalent modification of cellular thiols. In order to circumvent this issue, we constructed and screened a chemical library consisting of 241 pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives and discovered a novel, non-electrophilic compound: 1-benzyl-6-(methylthio)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine (KKC080106). KKC080106 was able to activate Nrf2 signaling as it increases the cellular levels of Nrf2, binds to the Nrf2 inhibitor protein Keap1, and causes the accumulation of nuclear Nrf2. We also observed an increase in the expression levels of Nrf2-dependent genes for antioxidative/neuroprotective enzymes in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In addition, in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia, KKC080106 suppressed the generation of the proinflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide, and inhibited the phosphorylation of kinases known to be involved in inflammatory signaling, such as IκB kinase, p38, JNK, and ERK. As a drug, KKC080106 exhibited excellent stability against plasma enzymes and a good safety profile, evidenced by no mortality after the administration of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and minimal inhibition of the hERG channel activity. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that KKC080106 has good bioavailability and enters the brain after oral and intravenous administration, in both rats and mice. In MPTP-treated mice that received KKC080106 orally, the compound blocked microglial activation, protected the nigral dopaminergic neurons from degeneration, and prevented development of the dopamine deficiency-related motor deficits. These results suggest that KKC080106 has therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Seong Cheong
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Song IY, Snyder AM, Kim Y, Neely EB, Wade QW, Connor JR. The Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism associated with HFE genotype limits vulnerability to oxidative stress-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2020; 441:152525. [PMID: 32540480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in gene and environment interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. The HFE (homeostatic iron regulator) gene variant (H63D) is highly prevalent in the population and has been investigated as a disease modifier in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed a mouse model to interrogate the impact of this gene variant in a model of paraquat toxicity. Using primary astrocytes, we found that the H67D-Hfe(equivalent of the human H63D variant) astrocytes are less vulnerable than the WT-Hfe astrocytes to paraquat-induced cell death, mitochondrial damage, and cellular senescence. We hypothesized that the Hfe variant-associated protection is a result of the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant defense system and found a significant increase in Nrf2 levels after paraquat exposure in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes than the WT-Hfe astrocytes. Moreover, decreasing Nrf2 by molecular or pharmaceutical manipulation resulted in increased vulnerability to paraquat in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes. To further elucidate the role of Hfe variant genotype in neuroprotection mediated by astrocytes, we added media from the paraquat-treated astrocytes to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and found a significantly larger reduction in the viability when treated with WT-Hfe astrocyte media than the H67D-Hfe astrocyte media possibly due to higher secretion of IL-6 observed in the WT-Hfe astrocytes. To further explore the mechanism of Nrf2 protection, we measured NQO1, the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, in primary astrocytes and found a significantly higher NQO1 level in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes. To consider the translational potential of our findings, we utilized the PPMI (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative) clinical database and found that, consistent with the mouse study, H63D-HFE carriers had a significantly higher NQO1 level in the CSF than the WT-HFE carriers. Consistent with our previous reports on H63D-HFE in disease, these data further suggest that HFE genotype in the human population impacts the antioxidant defense system and can therefore alter pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Y Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
| | - Amanda M Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Yunsung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Quinn W Wade
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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21
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Bentley SR, Khan S, Öchsner M, Premarathne S, Aslam Z, Fowdar JY, Iqbal J, Naeem M, Love CA, Wood SA, Mellick GD, Sykes AM. Evidence of a Recessively Inherited CCN3 Mutation as a Rare Cause of Early-Onset Parkinsonism. Front Neurol 2020; 11:331. [PMID: 32499748 PMCID: PMC7242651 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of consanguineous families has provided novel insights into genetic causes of monogenic parkinsonism. Here, we present a family from the rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, where three siblings were diagnosed with early-onset parkinsonism. Homozygosity mapping of two affected siblings and three unaffected family members identified two candidate autozygous loci segregating with disease, 8q24.12-8q24.13 and 9q31.2-q33.1. Whole-exome sequence analysis identified a single rare homozygous missense sequence variant within this region, CCN3 p.D82G. Although unaffected family members were heterozygous for this putative causal mutation, it was absent in 3,222 non-Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects of Pakistani heritage. Screening of 353 Australian PD cases, including 104 early-onset cases and 57 probands from multi-incident families, also did not identify additional carriers. Overexpression of wild-type and the variant CCN3 constructs in HEK293T cells identified an impaired section of the variant protein, alluding to potential mechanisms for disease. Further, qPCR analysis complemented previous microarray data suggesting mRNA expression of CCN3 was downregulated in unrelated sporadic PD cases when compared to unaffected subjects. These data indicate a role for CCN3 in parkinsonism, both in this family as well as sporadic PD cases; however, the specific mechanisms require further investigation. Additionally, further screening of the rural community where the family resided is warranted to assess the local frequency of the variant. Overall, this study highlights the value of investigating underrepresented and isolated affected families for novel putative parkinsonism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Bentley
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Suliman Khan
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Marco Öchsner
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Susitha Premarathne
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Zain Aslam
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Y Fowdar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamila Iqbal
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Christopher A Love
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex M Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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22
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Developmental Potential and Plasticity of Olfactory Epithelium Stem Cells Revealed by Heterotopic Grafting in the Adult Brain. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:692-702. [PMID: 32243847 PMCID: PMC7160358 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the olfactory epithelium (OE) regenerate damaged olfactory sensory neurons throughout adulthood. The accessibility and availability of these NSCs in living individuals, including humans, makes them a promising candidate for harvesting their potential for cell replacement therapies. However, this requires an in-depth understanding of their developmental potential after grafting. Here, we investigated the developmental potential and plasticity of mouse OE-derived NSCs after grafting into the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenic niche. Our results showed that OE-derived NSCs integrate and proliferate just like endogenous SVZ stem cells, migrate with similar dynamics as endogenous neuroblasts toward the olfactory bulb, and mature and acquire similar electrophysiological properties as endogenous adult-born bulbar interneurons. These results reveal the developmental potential and plasticity of OE-derived NSCs in vivo and show that they can respond to heterotopic neurogenic cues to adapt their phenotype and become functional neurons in ectopic brain regions. OE-derived NSCs integrate in the SVZ after heterotopic transplantation OE-derived NSCs respond to SVZ niche factors and change their developmental program The development of OE-derived and SVZ NSCs are indistinguishable OE-derived NSCs grafted into the SVZ become functional bulbar interneurons
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23
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Kanninen KM, Lampinen R, Rantanen LM, Odendaal L, Jalava P, Chew S, White AR. Olfactory cell cultures to investigate health effects of air pollution exposure: Implications for neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104729. [PMID: 32201281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major, global public health concern. A growing body of evidence shows that exposure to air pollutants may impair the brain. Living in highly polluted areas has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, where exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants in urban environments may have harmful effects on brain function. These harmful effects are thought to originate from elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. The olfactory epithelium is a key entry site of air pollutants into the brain as the particles are deposited in the upper airways and the nasal region. A potential source of patient-derived cells for study of air pollutant effects is the olfactory mucosa, which constitutes a central part of the olfactory epithelium. This review first summarizes the current literature on the available in vitro models of the olfactory epithelium. It then describes how alterations of the olfactory mucosa are linked to neurodegeneration and discusses potential therapeutic applications of these cells for neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it reviews the research performed on the effects of air pollutant exposure in cells of the olfactory epithelium. Patient-derived olfactory epithelial models hold great promise for not only elucidating the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but for providing key understanding about air pollutant particle entry and effects at this key brain entry site.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - R Lampinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - L M Rantanen
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - L Odendaal
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - P Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - A R White
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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24
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Vallerga CL, Zhang F, Fowdar J, McRae AF, Qi T, Nabais MF, Zhang Q, Kassam I, Henders AK, Wallace L, Montgomery G, Chuang YH, Horvath S, Ritz B, Halliday G, Hickie I, Kwok JB, Pearson J, Pitcher T, Kennedy M, Bentley SR, Silburn PA, Yang J, Wray NR, Lewis SJG, Anderson T, Dalrymple-Alford J, Mellick GD, Visscher PM, Gratten J. Analysis of DNA methylation associates the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 with risk of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1238. [PMID: 32144264 PMCID: PMC7060318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of etiological mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is urgently needed because the number of affected individuals is projected to increase rapidly as populations age. We present results from a blood-based methylome-wide association study of PD involving meta-analysis of 229 K CpG probes in 1,132 cases and 999 controls from two independent cohorts. We identify two previously unreported epigenome-wide significant associations with PD, including cg06690548 on chromosome 4. We demonstrate that cg06690548 hypermethylation in PD is associated with down-regulation of the SLC7A11 gene and show this is consistent with an environmental exposure, as opposed to medications or genetic factors with effects on DNA methylation or gene expression. These findings are notable because SLC7A11 codes for a cysteine-glutamate anti-porter regulating levels of the antioxidant glutathione, and it is a known target of the environmental neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Our study identifies the SLC7A11 gene as a plausible biological target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza L Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Futao Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javed Fowdar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ting Qi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marta F Nabais
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, Devon, UK
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irfahan Kassam
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anjali K Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Wallace
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Pearson
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni Pitcher
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven R Bentley
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A Silburn
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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25
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Mejzini R, Flynn LL, Pitout IL, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Akkari PA. ALS Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: Where Are We Now? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1310. [PMID: 31866818 PMCID: PMC6909825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific landscape surrounding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) continues to shift as the number of genes associated with the disease risk and pathogenesis, and the cellular processes involved, continues to grow. Despite decades of intense research and over 50 potentially causative or disease-modifying genes identified, etiology remains unexplained and treatment options remain limited for the majority of ALS patients. Various factors have contributed to the slow progress in understanding and developing therapeutics for this disease. Here, we review the genetic basis of ALS, highlighting factors that have contributed to the elusiveness of genetic heritability. The most commonly mutated ALS-linked genes are reviewed with an emphasis on disease-causing mechanisms. The cellular processes involved in ALS pathogenesis are discussed, with evidence implicating their involvement in ALS summarized. Past and present therapeutic strategies and the benefits and limitations of the model systems available to ALS researchers are discussed with future directions for research that may lead to effective treatment strategies outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mejzini
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Loren L. Flynn
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ianthe L. Pitout
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P. Anthony Akkari
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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26
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Ammal Kaidery N, Ahuja M, Thomas B. Crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103413. [PMID: 31644952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Search for a definitive cure for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) has met with little success. Mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress precede characteristic loss of dopamine-producing neurons from the midbrain in PD. The majority of PD cases are classified as sporadic (sPD) with an unknown etiology, whereas mutations in a handful of genes cause monogenic form called familial (fPD). Both sPD and fPD is characterized by proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased oxidative stress. These pathophysiological mechanisms create a vicious cycle feeding into each other, ultimately tipping the neurons to its demise. Effect of iron accumulation and dopamine oxidation adds an additional dimension to mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways affected. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor which regulates basal as well as inducible expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification. Recent advances, however, shows a multifaceted role for Nrf2 in the regulation of genes connected with inflammatory response, metabolic pathways, protein homeostasis, iron management, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here we review the role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in the PD etiology and the potential crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial function in PD. We also make a case for the development of therapeutics that safely activates Nrf2 pathway in halting the progression of neurodegeneration in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America.
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27
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Yang C, Mo Y, Xu E, Wen H, Wei R, Li S, Zheng J, Li W, Le B, Chen Y, Pan H, Huang S, Wang S, Wang Q. Astragaloside IV ameliorates motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron degeneration via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105651. [PMID: 31401385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the key and early events during the pathological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, therapeutic intervention to regulate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation would be an effective strategy to alleviate the progression of PD. Astragaloside IV, the main active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in neurodegeneration diseases, however, the molecular mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in the pathology of PD are still unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of Astragaloside IV of PD on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia cells. Our results showed Astragaloside IV significantly alleviated behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by MPTP. Also, Astragaloside IV inhibited microglia activation and reduced the oxidative stress of MPTP mouse model. In addition, Astragaloside IV significantly inhibited NFκB mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and activated Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Astragaloside IV lessened reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells remarkably. These findings demonstrate that Astragaloside IV protects dopaminergic neuron from neuroinflammation and oxidative stress which are largely dependent upon activation of the Nrf2 pathways and suppression of NFκB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Therefore, Astragaloside IV is a promising neuroprotective agent that should be further developed for neurodegeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yousheng Mo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Erjin Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huihong Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Renrong Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shaoling Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Baoluu Le
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Yonggen Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shuiqing Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- The fifth people's hospital of Dongguan city, Dongguan 523903, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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28
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Ye Z, McQuillan L, Poduri A, Green TE, Matsumoto N, Mefford HC, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Hildebrand MS. Somatic mutation: The hidden genetics of brain malformations and focal epilepsies. Epilepsy Res 2019; 155:106161. [PMID: 31295639 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a substantial increase in genetic studies of brain malformations, fueled by the availability of improved technologies to study surgical tissue to address the hypothesis that focal lesions arise from focal, post-zygotic genetic disruptions. Traditional genetic studies of patients with malformations utilized leukocyte-derived DNA to search for germline variants, which are inherited or arise de novo in parental gametes. Recent studies have demonstrated somatic variants that arise post-zygotically also underlie brain malformations, and that somatic mutation explains a larger proportion of focal malformations than previously thought. We now know from studies of non-diseased individuals that somatic variation occurs routinely during cell division, including during early brain development when the rapid proliferation of neuronal precursor cells provides the ideal environment for somatic mutation to occur and somatic variants to accumulate. When confined to brain, pathogenic variants contribute to the "hidden genetics" of neurological diseases. With burgeoning novel high-throughput genetic technologies, somatic genetic variations are increasingly being recognized. Here we discuss accumulating evidence for the presence of somatic variants in normal brain tissue, review our current understanding of somatic variants in brain malformations associated with lesional epilepsy, and provide strategies to identify the potential contribution of somatic mutation to non-lesional epilepsies. We also discuss technologies that may improve detection of somatic variants in the future in these and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Ye
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara McQuillan
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy E Green
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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29
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Parga JA, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Garcia-Garrote M, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin II induces oxidative stress and upregulates neuroprotective signaling from the NRF2 and KLF9 pathway in dopaminergic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:394-406. [PMID: 30315936 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that activates the antioxidant cellular defense in response to oxidative stress, leading to neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. We have previously shown that Angiotensin II (AngII) induces an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) via AngII receptor type 1 and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which may activate the NRF2 pathway. However, controversial data suggest that AngII induces a decrease in NRF2 signaling leading to an increase in oxidative stress. We analyzed the effect of AngII and the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in culture and in vivo, and examined the effects on the expression of NRF2-related genes. Treatment of neuronal cell lines Mes23.5, N27 and SH-SY5Y with AngII, 6-OHDA or a combination of both increased ROS production and reduced cell viability. Simultaneously, these treatments induced an increase in expression in the NRF2-regulated genes heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1) and Kruppel like factor 9 (Klf9). Moreover, overexpression of KLF9 transcription factor caused a reduction in the production of ROS induced by treatment with AngII or 6-OHDA and improved the survival of these neuronal cells. Rats treated with AngII, 6-OHDA or a combination of both also showed an increased expression of NRF2 related genes and KLF9. In conclusion, our data indicate that AngII induces a damaging effect in neuronal cells, but also acts as a signaling molecule to activate NRF2 and KLF9 neuroprotective pathways in cellular and animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Parga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Mazraati Tajabadi F, Pouwer RH, Liu M, Dashti Y, Campitelli MR, Murtaza M, Mellick GD, Wood SA, Jenkins ID, Quinn RJ. Design and Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Libraries Based on the Three-Dimensional (3D) Cedrane Scaffold: Toward the Exploration of 3D Biological Space. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6609-6628. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca H. Pouwer
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yousef Dashti
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Marc R. Campitelli
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen A. Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ian D. Jenkins
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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31
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Wang Q, Li WX, Dai SX, Guo YC, Han FF, Zheng JJ, Li GH, Huang JF. Meta-Analysis of Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Revealed Commonly Impaired Pathways and Dysregulation of NRF2-Dependent Genes. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:1525-1539. [PMID: 28222515 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many lines of evidence suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have common characteristics, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. As the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear, we perform a meta-analysis with 9 microarray datasets of PD studies and 7 of AD studies to explore it. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that PD and AD both showed dysfunction in the synaptic vesicle cycle, GABAergic synapses, phagosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and TCA cycle pathways, and AD had more enriched genes. Comparing the differentially expressed genes between AD and PD, we identified 54 common genes shared by more than six tissues. Among them, 31 downregulated genes contained the antioxidant response element (ARE) consensus sequence bound by NRF2. NRF2 is a transcription factor, which protects cells against oxidative stress through coordinated upregulation of ARE-driven genes. To our surprise, although NRF2 was upregulated, its target genes were all downregulated. Further exploration found that MAFF was upregulated in all tissues and significantly negatively correlated with the 31 NRF2-dependent genes in diseased conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated over-expressed small MAFs can form homodimers and act as transcriptional repressors. Therefore, MAFF might play an important role in dysfunction of NRF2 regulatory network in PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shao-Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Han
- Immuno-Metabolic Computational Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Models and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Natural Products and Biological Drugs of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Research Center for Bio-resources and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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32
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A Patient-Specific Stem Cell Model to Investigate the Neurological Phenotype Observed in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1599:391-400. [PMID: 28477134 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6955-5_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is not yet fully understood, and a versatile cellular model is required for in vitro studies. The occurrence of continuous neurogenesis and easy access make the multipotent adult stem cells from the olfactory mucosa within the nasal cavity a potential cellular model. We describe an efficient method to establish neuron-like cells from olfactory mucosa biopsies derived from A-T patients for the purpose of studying the cellular and molecular aspects of this debilitating disease.
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33
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Gastrodin alleviates glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in rats via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11528-11540. [PMID: 29545917 PMCID: PMC5837737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged and over-dosed administration of glucocorticoids results in more bone remodeling, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, which is primarily due to dysfunction and apoptosis of osteoblasts. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of gastrodin, a natural bioactive compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal agent Gastrodia elata, on osteoblastic cells in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods The anti-dexamethasone (DEX) effects of gastrodin on primary osteoblasts were measured by cell viability, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis in vitro, and also extensively examined in a rat model in vivo. Results The results show that gastrodin pretreatment significantly increased osteoblast viability and alkaline phosphatase activity when exposed to DEX. Alizarin Red staining indicated more calcium deposits formed in the gastrodin pretreatment against DEX group. Gastrodin alleviated DEX-induced reactive oxygen species at both the mitochondrial and cellular levels in osteoblasts. In addition, gastrodin protected primary osteoblasts from caspase3-related apoptosis by reducing the loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing the release of DEX-induced cytochrome-C, bax, and apoptosis inducing factor. Gastrodin also antagonized upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress signals induced by DEX, including the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and phosphorylated eIF2α. Furthermore, gastrodin protected osteoblasts by activating the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. Furthermore, femoral micro-computed tomography scans and biomechanical tests revealed that gastrodin improved bone microstructure and mitigated DEX-induced deterioration in bone quality. Conclusions These findings suggest that gastrodin alleviated glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats by protecting osteoblasts via the Nrf2 regulated mitochondrial and ER stress-related signaling pathways.
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34
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Dehghan E, Zhang Y, Saremi B, Yadavali S, Hakimi A, Dehghani M, Goodarzi M, Tu X, Robertson S, Lin R, Chudhuri A, Mirzaei H. Hydralazine induces stress resistance and extends C. elegans lifespan by activating the NRF2/SKN-1 signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2223. [PMID: 29263362 PMCID: PMC5738364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and its Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog, SKN-1, are transcription factors that have a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and organismal lifespan. Similar to other defense systems, the NRF2-mediated stress response is compromised in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that the FDA approved drug hydralazine is a bona fide activator of the NRF2/SKN-1 signaling pathway. We demonstrate that hydralazine extends healthy lifespan (~25%) in wild type and tauopathy model C. elegans at least as effectively as other anti-aging compounds, such as curcumin and metformin. We show that hydralazine-mediated lifespan extension is SKN-1 dependent, with a mechanism most likely mimicking calorie restriction. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we go on to demonstrate that hydralazine has neuroprotective properties against endogenous and exogenous stressors. Our data suggest that hydralazine may be a viable candidate for the treatment of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Dehghan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Bahar Saremi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Amirmansoor Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maryam Dehghani
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mohammad Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Scott Robertson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rueyling Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Asish Chudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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35
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Nrf2, a Potential Therapeutic Target against Oxidative Stress in Corneal Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2326178. [PMID: 29209447 PMCID: PMC5676473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2326178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Conservative medical agents, which may prevent sight-threatening corneal disease progression, are urgently desired. Numerous evidences have revealed the involvement of oxidative stress in various corneal diseases, such as corneal wound healing and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like erythroid-cell-derived protein with CNC homology- (ECH-) associated protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling is well known as one of the main antioxidative defense systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to elucidate the different expression profiles of Nrf2 signaling as well as the underlying mechanisms in corneal diseases, implicating that Nrf2 may serve as a potentially promising therapeutic target for corneal diseases.
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Liu J, Xu Y, Kang Y, Cao S, Shi G, Cui H, Sun S, Wang L. The aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNA in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of Nrf2-knockout mice. J Neurochem 2017; 143:65-75. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yali Xu
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Department of Neurobiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Shanhu Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Geming Shi
- Department of Neurobiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
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Are Astrocytes the Predominant Cell Type for Activation of Nrf2 in Aging and Neurodegeneration? Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030065. [PMID: 28820437 PMCID: PMC5618093 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates hundreds of antioxidant genes, and is activated in response to oxidative stress. Given that many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis are characterised by oxidative stress, Nrf2 is commonly activated in these diseases. Evidence demonstrates that Nrf2 activity is repressed in neurons in vitro, and only cultured astrocytes respond strongly to Nrf2 inducers, leading to the interpretation that Nrf2 signalling is largely restricted to astrocytes. However, Nrf2 activity can be observed in neurons in post-mortem brain tissue and animal models of disease. Thus this interpretation may be false, and a detailed analysis of the cell type expression of Nrf2 in neurodegenerative diseases is required. This review describes the evidence for Nrf2 activation in each cell type in prominent neurodegenerative diseases and normal aging in human brain and animal models of neurodegeneration, the response to pharmacological and genetic modulation of Nrf2, and clinical trials involving Nrf2-modifying drugs.
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Loss of Usp9x disrupts cell adhesion, and components of the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in neural progenitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8109. [PMID: 28808228 PMCID: PMC5556043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of neural progenitors depends upon the coordination of appropriate intrinsic responses to extrinsic signalling pathways. Here we show the deubiquitylating enzyme, Usp9x regulates components of both intrinsic and extrinsic fate determinants. Nestin-cre mediated ablation of Usp9x from embryonic neural progenitors in vivo resulted in a transient disruption of cell adhesion and apical-basal polarity and, an increased number and ectopic localisation of intermediate neural progenitors. In contrast to other adhesion and polarity proteins, levels of β-catenin protein, especially S33/S37/T41 phospho-β-catenin, were markedly increased in Usp9x−/Y embryonic cortices. Loss of Usp9x altered composition of the β-catenin destruction complex possibly impeding degradation of S33/S37/T41 phospho-β-catenin. Pathway analysis of transcriptomic data identified Wnt signalling as significantly affected in Usp9x−/Y embryonic brains. Depletion of Usp9x in cultured human neural progenitors resulted in Wnt-reporter activation. Usp9x also regulated components of the Notch signalling pathway. Usp9x co-localized and associated with both Itch and Numb in embryonic neocortices. Loss of Usp9x led to decreased Itch and Numb levels, and a concomitant increase in levels of the Notch intracellular domain as well as, increased expression of the Notch target gene Hes5. Therefore Usp9x modulates and potentially coordinates multiple fate determinants in neural progenitors.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review article is to introduce olfactory epithelium-derived cell/tissue models as a promising surrogate system to study the molecular mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we particularly focus on the utility of their neural progenitors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigations of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia using olfactory epithelium-derived tissue/cell models have provided insights about schizophrenia-associated alterations in neurodevelopment, stress response, and gene/protein expression regulatory pathways. SUMMARY The olfactory epithelium retains the capacity for lifelong neurogenesis and regeneration, because of the presence of neural stem cells and progenitors. Thus, both mature neurons and neural progenitors can be obtained from the olfactory epithelium without the need for genetic reprogramming and related confounds. Furthermore, the olfactory epithelium is highly scalable resource in translational settings. Here, we also demonstrate recent findings from research using olfactory epithelium-derived tissue/cell models in schizophrenia and other brain disorders. In summary, we propose that the olfactory epithelium is a promising resource to study neural molecular and cellular signatures relevant to the pathology of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
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Wilson MA, Iser WB, Son TG, Logie A, Cabral-Costa JV, Mattson MP, Camandola S. skn-1 is required for interneuron sensory integration and foraging behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176798. [PMID: 28459841 PMCID: PMC5411085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2/skn-1, a transcription factor known to mediate adaptive responses of cells to stress, also regulates energy metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability. The ability to locate food sources depends upon chemosensation. Here we show that Nrf2/skn-1 is expressed in olfactory interneurons, and is required for proper integration of multiple food-related sensory cues in Caenorhabditis elegans. Compared to wild type worms, skn-1 mutants fail to perceive that food density is limiting, and display altered chemo- and thermotactic responses. These behavioral deficits are associated with aberrant AIY interneuron morphology and migration in skn-1 mutants. Both skn-1-dependent AIY autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms regulate the neural circuitry underlying multisensory integration of environmental cues related to energy acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Wilson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy B. Iser
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Department of Experimental Radiation, Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Jwadong-ri, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne Logie
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joao V. Cabral-Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Holmström KM, Kostov RV, Dinkova-Kostova AT. The multifaceted role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2016; 1:80-91. [PMID: 28066829 PMCID: PMC5193490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 target genes comprise of a large network of antioxidant enzymes, proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification, repair and removal of damaged proteins, inhibition of inflammation, as well as other transcription factors. In recent years it has emerged that as part of its role as a regulator of cytoprotective gene expression, Nrf2 impacts mitochondrial function. Increased Nrf2 activity defends against mitochondrial toxins. Reduced glutathione, the principal small molecule antioxidant in the mammalian cell and a product of several of the downstream target genes of Nrf2, counterbalances mitochondrial ROS production. The function of Nrf2 is suppressed in mitochondria-related disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Friedrich's ataxia. Studies using isolated mitochondria and cultured cells have demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency leads to impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, respiration and ATP production. Small molecule activators of Nrf2 support mitochondrial integrity by promoting mitophagy and conferring resistance to oxidative stress-mediated permeability transition. Excitingly, recent studies have shown that Nrf2 also affects mitochondrial function in stem cells with implications for stem cell self-renewal, cardiomyocyte regeneration, and neural stem/progenitor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira M. Holmström
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vial ML, Zencak D, Grkovic T, Gorse AD, Mackay-Sim A, Mellick GD, Wood SA, Quinn RJ. A Grand Challenge. 2. Phenotypic Profiling of a Natural Product Library on Parkinson's Patient-Derived Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1982-1989. [PMID: 27447544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the inherent biological relevance of natural products requires a method for the recognition of biological effects that may subsequently lead to the discovery of particular targets. An unbiased multidimensional profiling method was used to examine the activities of natural products on primary cells derived from a Parkinson's disease patient. The biological signature of 482 natural products was examined using multiparametric analysis to investigate known cellular pathways and organelles implicated in Parkinson's disease such as mitochondria, lysosomes, endosomes, apoptosis, and autophagy. By targeting several cell components simultaneously the chance of finding a phenotype was increased. The phenotypes were then clustered using an uncentered correlation. The multidimensional phenotypic screening showed that all natural products, in our screening set, were biologically relevant compounds as determined by an observed phenotypic effect. Multidimensional phenotypic screening can predict the cellular function and subcellular site of activity of new compounds, while the cluster analysis provides correlation with compounds with known mechanisms of action. This study reinforces the value of natural products as biologically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Vial
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Dusan Zencak
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Alain-Dominique Gorse
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Hervé M, Ibrahim EC. MicroRNA screening identifies a link between NOVA1 expression and a low level of IKAP in familial dysautonomia. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:899-909. [PMID: 27483351 PMCID: PMC5007982 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene (c.2204+6T>C), leading to tissue-specific skipping of exon 20 and a decrease in the synthesis of the encoded protein IKAP (also known as ELP1). Small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play an essential role in the nervous system development and function. To better understand the neuronal specificity of IKAP loss, we examined expression of miRNAs in human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (hOE-MSCs) from five control individuals and five FD patients. We profiled the expression of 373 miRNAs using microfluidics and reverse transcription coupled to quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) on two biological replicate series of hOE-MSC cultures from healthy controls and FD patients. This led to the total identification of 26 dysregulated miRNAs in FD, validating the existence of a miRNA signature in FD. We then selected the nine most discriminant miRNAs for further analysis. The signaling pathways affected by these dysregulated miRNAs were largely within the nervous system. In addition, many targets of these dysregulated miRNAs had been previously demonstrated to be affected in FD models. Moreover, we found that four of our nine candidate miRNAs target the neuron-specific splicing factor NOVA1. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-203a-3p leads to a decrease of NOVA1, counter-balanced by an increase of IKAP, supporting a potential interaction between NOVA1 and IKAP. Taken together, these results reinforce the choice of miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and suggest that NOVA1 could be a regulator of FD pathophysiology. Summary: A miRNA screening conducted in olfactory stem cells from patients links the neuron-specific splicing factor NOVA1 to neurodegeneration in familial dysautonomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Hervé
- CRN2M-UMR7286, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille 13344, Cedex 15, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- CRN2M-UMR7286, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille 13344, Cedex 15, France
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Todorovic M, Wood SA, Mellick GD. Nrf2: a modulator of Parkinson’s disease? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:611-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Rotenone Susceptibility Phenotype in Olfactory Derived Patient Cells as a Model of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154544. [PMID: 27123847 PMCID: PMC4849794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Approximately 90% of Parkinson’s disease cases are idiopathic, of unknown origin. The aetiology of Parkinson’s disease is not fully understood but increasing evidence implies a failure in fundamental cellular processes including mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. To dissect the cellular events underlying idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, we use primary cell lines established from the olfactory mucosa of Parkinson’s disease patients. Previous metabolic and transcriptomic analyses identified deficiencies in stress response pathways in patient-derived cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these deficiencies manifested as increased susceptibility, as measured by cell viability, to a range of extrinsic stressors. We identified that patient-derived cells are more sensitive to mitochondrial complex I inhibition and hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, than controls. Exposure to low levels (50 nM) of rotenone led to increased apoptosis in patient-derived cells. We identified an endogenous deficit in mitochondrial complex I in patient-derived cells, but this did not directly correlate with rotenone-sensitivity. We further characterized the sensitivity to rotenone and identified that it was partly associated with heat shock protein 27 levels. Finally, transcriptomic analysis following rotenone exposure revealed that patient-derived cells express a diminished response to rotenone-induced stress compared with cells from healthy controls. Our cellular model of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease displays a clear susceptibility phenotype to mitochondrial stress. The determination of molecular mechanisms underpinning this susceptibility may lead to the identification of biomarkers for either disease onset or progression.
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Wang D, Feng Y, Murtaza M, Wood S, Mellick G, Hooper JNA, Quinn RJ. A Grand Challenge: Unbiased Phenotypic Function of Metabolites from Jaspis splendens against Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:353-361. [PMID: 26883470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A grand challenge in natural product chemistry is to determine the biological effects of all natural products. A phenotypic approach is frequently used for determining the activity of a compound and its potential impact on a disease state. Chemical investigation of a specimen of Jaspis splendens collected from the Great Barrier Reef resulted in the isolation of a new pterin derivative, jaspterin (1), a new bisindole alkaloid, splendamide (2), and a new imidazole alkaloid, jaspnin A (3) TFA salt. Jaspamycin (8) and 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboximidamide (16) are reported for the first time as naturally occurring metabolites. Known nucleosides (4-7, 9, 10), aglycones (11-13), indole alkaloids (14, 15, 17), and jaspamide peptides (18-22) were also isolated. The structures of the three new compounds 1-3 were unambiguously elucidated based on NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Jaspnin A (3) contained a rare thiomethylated imidazolinium unit. Coupling an unbiased phenotypic assay using a human olfactory neurosphere-derived cell model of Parkinson's disease to all of the natural products from the species J. splendens allowed the phenotypic profiles of the metabolites to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George Mellick
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Nguyen LS, Lepleux M, Makhlouf M, Martin C, Fregeac J, Siquier-Pernet K, Philippe A, Feron F, Gepner B, Rougeulle C, Humeau Y, Colleaux L. Profiling olfactory stem cells from living patients identifies miRNAs relevant for autism pathophysiology. Mol Autism 2016; 7:1. [PMID: 26753090 PMCID: PMC4705753 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by the interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators involved in multiple aspects of brain development and function. Previous studies have investigated miRNAs expression in ASD using non-neural cells like lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) or postmortem tissues. However, the relevance of LCLs is questionable in the context of a neurodevelopmental disorder, and the impact of the cause of death and/or post-death handling of tissue likely contributes to the variations observed between studies on brain samples. Methods miRNA profiling using TLDA high-throughput real-time qPCR was performed on miRNAs extracted from olfactory mucosal stem cells (OMSCs) biopsied from eight patients and six controls. This tissue is considered as a closer tissue to neural stem cells that could be sampled in living patients and was never investigated for such a purpose before. Real-time PCR was used to validate a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, and bioinformatics analysis determined common pathways and gene targets. Luciferase assays and real-time PCR analysis were used to evaluate the effect of miRNAs misregulation on the expression and translation of several autism-related transcripts. Viral vector-mediated expression was used to evaluate the impact of miRNAs deregulation on neuronal or glial cells functions. Results We identified a signature of four miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-221, miR-654-5p, and miR-656) commonly deregulated in ASD. This signature is conserved in primary skin fibroblasts and may allow discriminating between ASD and intellectual disability samples. Putative target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for pathways previously associated to ASD, and altered levels of neuronal transcripts targeted by miR-146a, miR-221, and miR-656 were observed in patients’ cells. In the mouse brain, miR-146a, and miR-221 display strong neuronal expression in regions important for high cognitive functions, and we demonstrated that reproducing abnormal miR-146a expression in mouse primary cell cultures leads to impaired neuronal dendritic arborization and increased astrocyte glutamate uptake capacities. Conclusions While independent replication experiments are needed to clarify whether these four miRNAS could serve as early biomarkers of ASD, these findings may have important diagnostic implications. They also provide mechanistic connection between miRNA dysregulation and ASD pathophysiology and may open up new opportunities for therapeutic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-015-0064-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Son Nguyen
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and pathophysiological bases of cognitive disorders, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marylin Lepleux
- Synapse in Cognition Laboratory, Institut Interdisciplinaire de NeuroSciences, Centre de génomique fonctionnelle, UMR 5297 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Makhlouf
- Epigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7216, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Martin
- Synapse in Cognition Laboratory, Institut Interdisciplinaire de NeuroSciences, Centre de génomique fonctionnelle, UMR 5297 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Fregeac
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and pathophysiological bases of cognitive disorders, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and pathophysiological bases of cognitive disorders, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Philippe
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and pathophysiological bases of cognitive disorders, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François Feron
- Aix Marseille Université, NICN, CNRS UMR 7259, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Gepner
- Aix Marseille Université, NICN, CNRS UMR 7259, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Claire Rougeulle
- Epigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7216, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Synapse in Cognition Laboratory, Institut Interdisciplinaire de NeuroSciences, Centre de génomique fonctionnelle, UMR 5297 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and pathophysiological bases of cognitive disorders, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
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Lee JA, Son HJ, Park KD, Han SH, Shin N, Kim JH, Kim HR, Kim DJ, Hwang O. A Novel Compound ITC-3 Activates the Nrf2 Signaling and Provides Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease Models. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:332-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sulforaphane rescues memory dysfunction and synaptic and mitochondrial alterations induced by brain iron accumulation. Neuroscience 2015; 301:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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