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Li S, Xin Q, Yan Y, Wang X, Ai H, Que B, Gong W, Nie S. Pde5 Inhibition Reduced Blood Pressure and Alleviated Target Organ Damage in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 84:81-91. [PMID: 38030140 PMCID: PMC11230658 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The role of phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5) in obstructive sleep apnea-induced damage remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Pde5 in the chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) model. C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice (n = 48) and Pde5 knockout (Pde5 -/- ) mice (n = 24) were randomly assigned to CIH group and room air group. After 6 weeks, some WT mice (n = 24) in CIH group were given sildenafil or saline gavage for another 4 weeks. Blood pressure was regularly measured during the experiment. Echocardiography was used to estimate cardiac function. We collected organs from each group of mice and measured their physical indicators. Histochemical staining was used to explore the size of cardiomyocyte and fibrosis area of various organs. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum were measured by ELISA assay. Compared with the RA-treated group, the 6-week CIH resulted in a significant increase in blood pressure, altered heart structure, and reduced serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate in WT mice. Pde5 -/- mice and sildenafil intragastric administration significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in CIH condition and attenuated the damage of target organs. In CIH model, we found that the cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis area of heart and kidney significantly reduced in Pde5 -/- groups. Besides, endogenous and exogenous inhibition of Pde5 reduced malondialdehyde level and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers expression in CIH condition. In this study, we found that Pde5 inhibition could reduce blood pressure and alleviate target organ damage in the CIH model, which may be mediated through the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Li
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjie Xin
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Que
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Abdel-Hady EA. Chromium picolinate supplementation improves cardiac performance in hypoxic rats. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:387-397. [PMID: 36044000 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2041782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditions associated with chronic hypoxia increase morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular complications. Myocardial hypoxia is a common feature in several diseases including: stroke, infarction, anaemia, chronic lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnoea and cyanotic congenital heart defects. The present study was planned to investigate the cardiovascular effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia and its association with increased myocardial oxidative stress. In addition, to evaluate the protective effect of chromium supplementation, aiming at achieving an alternative that may enable to devise a therapy for hypoxic patients. METHODS Male rats were allocated into three groups: control group (normoxic), untreated hypoxic group (exposed to hypoxia 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks) and hypoxic group supplemented with chromium picolinate (90 µg/kg/day by gavage). Rats were subjected to measurement of body weight, haematocrit value, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and ECG recording. Cardiac activities of isolated hearts were studied on Langendorff preparation under basal conditions and in response to ischaemia/reperfusion. Thereafter, cardiac weights were determined and cardiac tissue catalase activity as well as malondialdhyde level were assessed. RESULTS Significant results were obtained upon exposure to hypoxia including; low body weight, increased haematocrit, elevated blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac activities, basally and in response to ischaemia/reperfusion challenges, associated with increased oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. At the same time, chromium supplementation increased body weight, lowered blood pressure, reduced ventricular hypertrophy and significantly improved the cardiac performance. CONCLUSION Chromium supplementation confers protection against hypoxia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction by improvement of the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A Abdel-Hady
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Reinero M, Beghetti M, Tozzi P, Segesser LKV, Samaja M, Milano G. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway Modulation in an Experimental Model of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:665-676. [PMID: 33969747 PMCID: PMC8547238 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211014162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of nitric oxide (NO) may enable control of progression and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Several approaches may modulate the NO-cGMP pathway in vivo. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of 3 modulatory sites: (i) the amount of l-arginine; (ii) the size of plasma NO stores that stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase; (iii) the conversion of cGMP into inactive 5′-GMP, with respect to hypoxia, to test the effectiveness of the treatments with respect to hypoxia-induced PH. Male rats (n = 80; 10/group) maintained in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic chambers (10% O2) for 14 days were subdivided in 4 sub-groups: placebo, l-arginine (20 mg/ml), the NO donor molsidomine (15 mg/kg in drinking water), and phoshodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil (1.4 mg/kg in 0.3 ml saline, i.p.). Hypoxia depressed homeostasis and increased erythropoiesis, heart and right ventricle hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis inducing pulmonary remodeling. Stimulating anyone of the 3 mechanisms that enhance the NO-cGMP pathway helped rescuing the functional and morphological changes in the cardiopulmonary system leading to improvement, sometimes normalization, of the pressures. None of the treatments affected the observed parameters in normoxia. Thus, the 3 modulatory sites are essentially similar in enhancing the NO-cGMP pathway, thereby attenuating the hypoxia-related effects that lead to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reinero
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, 30538University Hospital of Geneva and Centre Universitaire Romand de Cardiologie et Chirurgie Cardiaque Pédiatrique University of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Cardio-Vascular Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, 9304University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hu K, Deng W, Yang J, Wei Y, Wen C, Li X, Chen Q, Ke D, Li G. Intermittent hypoxia reduces infarct size in rats with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:422. [PMID: 32962654 PMCID: PMC7507284 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether intermittent hypoxia (IH) can reduce the infarct size (IS) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. Methods Articles were identified in PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science and were included if they evaluated the effect of IH on the changes in the infarcted area after AMI in rats. Results A preliminary search identified 3633 articles and 29 data sets from 23 articles (12 in vivo, 16 in vitro). The IS decreased after AMI in IH rats both in vitro (SMD -1.46, 95% CI [− 2.37, − 0.55]; I2 = 85.6%, P = 0.000) and in vivo (SMD -1.43, 95% CI [− 2.05, − 0.82], I2 = 73.6%, P = 0.000). Sensitivity analysis indicated that IH had a strong protective effect against myocardial infarction, and the hypoxia concentration was significantly correlated with the change in IS after AMI. Conclusion IH can reduce IS after AMI in rats. This effect of IH may be related to the dose of hypoxia, and the oxygen concentration may be one of the most important influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chaolin Wen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Guiqiong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Nydegger C, Corno AF, von Segesser LK, Beghetti M, Samaja M, Milano G. Effects of PDE-5 Inhibition on the Cardiopulmonary System After 2 or 4 Weeks of Chronic Hypoxia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:407-414. [PMID: 31264002 PMCID: PMC6689028 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In pulmonary hypertension (PH), hypoxia represents both an outcome and a cause of exacerbation. We addressed the question whether hypoxia adaptation might affect the mechanisms underlying PH alleviation through phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibition. Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups depending on treatment (placebo or sildenafil, a drug inhibiting PDE5) and were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 0 (t0, n = 9/10), 2 (t2, n = 5/5) or 4 (t4, n = 5/5) weeks. The rats were treated (0.3 mL i.p.) with either saline or sildenafil (1.4 mg/Kg per day). Results Two-week hypoxia changed the body weight (− 31% vs. − 27%, respectively, P = NS), blood hemoglobin (+ 25% vs. + 27%, P = NS) and nitrates+nitrites (+ 175% vs. + 261%, P = 0.007), right ventricle fibrosis (+ 814% vs. + 317%, P < 0.0001), right ventricle hypertrophy (+ 84% vs. + 49%, P = 0.007) and systolic pressure (+ 108% vs. + 41%, P = 0.001), pulmonary vessel density (+ 61% vs. + 46%, P = NS), and the frequency of small (< 50 µm wall thickness) vessels (+ 35% vs. + 13%, P = 0.0001). Most of these changes were maintained for 4-week hypoxia, except blood hemoglobin and right ventricle hypertrophy that continued increasing (+ 52% vs. + 42%, P = NS; and + 104% vs. + 83%, P = 0.04). To further assess these observations, small vessel frequency was found to be linearly related with the right ventricle-developed pressure independent of hypoxia duration. Conclusions Thus, although hypoxia adaptation is not yet accomplished after 4 weeks, PH alleviation by PDE5 inhibition might nevertheless provide an efficient strategy for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Nydegger
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio F Corno
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Cardiologie et Chirurgie Cardiaque Pédiatrique, Children's University Hospitals, Geneva and Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Li Y, Ren W, Wang X, Yu X, Cui L, Li X, Zhang X, Shi B. MicroRNA-150 relieves vascular remodeling and fibrosis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1740-1749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Mallet RT, Manukhina EB, Ruelas SS, Caffrey JL, Downey HF. Cardioprotection by intermittent hypoxia conditioning: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H216-H232. [PMID: 29652543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The calibrated application of limited-duration, cyclic, moderately intense hypoxia-reoxygenation increases cardiac resistance to ischemia-reperfusion stress. These intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) programs consistently produce striking reductions in myocardial infarction and ventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion and, in many cases, improve contractile function and coronary blood flow. These IHC protocols are fundamentally different from those used to simulate sleep apnea, a recognized cardiovascular risk factor. In clinical studies, IHC improved exercise capacity and decreased arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery or pulmonary disease and produced robust, persistent, antihypertensive effects in patients with essential hypertension. The protection afforded by IHC develops gradually and depends on β-adrenergic, δ-opioidergic, and reactive oxygen-nitrogen signaling pathways that use protein kinases and adaptive transcription factors. In summary, adaptation to intermittent hypoxia offers a practical, largely unrecognized means of protecting myocardium from impending ischemia. The myocardial and perhaps broader systemic protection provided by IHC clearly merits further evaluation as a discrete intervention and as a potential complement to conventional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Eugenia B Manukhina
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation.,School of Medical Biology South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk , Russian Federation
| | - Steven Shea Ruelas
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - James L Caffrey
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - H Fred Downey
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas.,School of Medical Biology South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk , Russian Federation
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Nydegger C, Martinelli C, Di Marco F, Bulfamante G, von Segesser L, Tozzi P, Samaja M, Milano G. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension and Basal Lamina Thickening in Rats Challenged by Chronic Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:289. [PMID: 29636700 PMCID: PMC5880920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia represents both an outcome of cardiopulmonary diseases and a trigger for severe pulmonary complications as pulmonary hypertension. Because nitric oxide (NO) is a critical mediator in the development of pulmonary hypertension, the modulators of its downstream function may become target of pharmacological interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of this condition. Here, we investigate the effects of an early administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in rats where pulmonary artery hypertension was induced by chronic exposure to hypoxia. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: normoxic control, hypoxic with no treatments (2 weeks breathing an atmosphere containing 10% oxygen), and hypoxic treated with sildenafil (1.4 mg/Kg per day in 0.3 mL i.p.). After sacrifice, hearts and lungs were removed and harvested for analyses. Results: Sildenafil reduced hypoxia-induced right ventricle hypertrophy without effects in lung hypertrophy, and blunted the increase in right ventricle pressure without effects on left ventricle pressure. Furthermore, the NO-producing systems (i.e., the phosphorylation of the endothelial isoforms of NO synthase that was measured in both myocardial and lung tissues), and the blood NO stores (i.e., the plasma level of nitrates and nitrites) were up-regulated by sildenafil. We did not find significant effects of sildenafil on weight and hemoglobin concentration. Morphological analysis in lung biopsies revealed that 2-week hypoxia increased the frequency of small pulmonary vessels leaving large vessels unaffected. Finally, ultrastructural analysis showed that sildenafil down-regulated the hypoxia-induced increase in the thickness of the pulmonary basal lamina. Conclusions: In this model of pulmonary hypertension, sildenafil contrasts the negative effects of hypoxia on pulmonary vascular and right ventricle remodeling. This action does not only encompass the canonical vasomodulatory effect, but involves several biochemical pathways. Although the human pathological model is certainly more complex than that described here (for example, the inflammatory issue), the potential role of phosphodiesterase-5 for long-term treatment, and perhaps prevention, of pulmonary hypertension is worthy of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Nydegger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludwig von Segesser
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Favre S, Gambini E, Nigro P, Scopece A, Bianciardi P, Caretti A, Pompilio G, Corno AF, Vassalli G, von Segesser LK, Samaja M, Milano G. Sildenafil attenuates hypoxic pulmonary remodelling by inhibiting bone marrow progenitor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:871-880. [PMID: 27860185 PMCID: PMC5387166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells to the lung is related to pulmonary remodelling and the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although sildenafil is a known target in PH treatment, the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive. To test the hypothesis that the therapeutic effect of sildenafil is linked to the reduced recruitment of BM-derived progenitor cells, we induced pulmonary remodelling in rats by two-week exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH, 10% oxygen), a trigger of BM-derived progenitor cells. Rats were treated with either placebo (saline) or sildenafil (1.4 mg/kg/day ip) during CH. Control rats were kept in room air (21% oxygen) with no treatment. As expected, sildenafil attenuated the CH-induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. However, sildenafil suppressed the CH-induced increase in c-kit+ cells in the adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Moreover, sildenafil reduced the number of c-kit+ cells that colocalize with tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and CD68 (a marker for macrophages), indicating a positive effect on moderating hypoxia-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation without affecting the pulmonary levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Furthermore, sildenafil depressed the number of CXCR4+ cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that the improvement in pulmonary haemodynamic by sildenafil is linked to decreased recruitment of BM-derived c-kit+ cells in the pulmonary tissue. The attenuation of the recruitment of BM-derived c-kit+ cells by sildenafil may provide novel therapeutic insights into the control of pulmonary remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Favre
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caretti
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Departments of Cardiology and Heart Surgery, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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11
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Pofi R, Gianfrilli D, Badagliacca R, Di Dato C, Venneri MA, Giannetta E. Everything you ever wanted to know about phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and the heart (but never dared ask): How do they work? J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:131-42. [PMID: 26142740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) were developed while investigating novel treatments for coronary artery disease, but their andrological side effects shifted their indication toward the management of erectile dysfunction. Although PDE5i are now also indicated for pulmonary arterial hypertension and there are mounting preclinical and clinical evidences about their potentially beneficial cardiac effects, their use remains controversial and the involved mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review aimed to analyze the effects of PDE5i administration in various animal and humans models of cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS Animal studies have shown that PDE5i have protective effects in several models of cardiac disease. In humans, some studies showed that PDE5i improves microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and exerts positive effects in different samples of cardiovascular (CV) impairment. In contrast, other studies found no benefit (and no harm) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The discrepancies in these findings are likely related to the fact that the mechanisms targeted by PDE5i in human disease are still poorly understood and the target population not yet identified. The mechanisms of actions herein reviewed suggest that hypertrophy, microvascular impairment, and inflammation, should be variably present for PDE5i to work. All these conditions frequently coexist in diabetes. A gender responsiveness has also been recently proposed. CONCLUSIONS Continuous PDE5 inhibition may exert cardioprotective effects, improving endothelial function and counteracting cardiac remodeling in some but not all conditions. A better patient selection could help to clarify the controversies on PDE5i use for CV disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Badagliacca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Di Dato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Impact of Mitochondrial Ca2+-Sensitive Potassium (mBKCa) Channels in Sildenafil-Induced Cardioprotection in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144737. [PMID: 26671662 PMCID: PMC4684397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive potassium (mBKCa) channels are involved in myocardial ischemic preconditioning. Their role in sildenafil-induced cardioprotection is unknown. We investigated whether sildenafil-induced acute cardioprotection is mediated by activation of mBKCa channels in the rat heart in vitro. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were randomized and anesthetized with pentobarbital (90 mg/kg). Hearts were isolated, mounted on a Langendorff system and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at a constant pressure of 80 mmHg. Hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. At the end of the experiments infarct size was determined by TTC staining. In the control group rats were not further treated. Sildenafil (3 μM) was administered over 10 min before the beginning of ischemia. The mBKCa channel inhibitor paxilline (1 μM) was administered with and without sildenafil before the onset of ischemia. The pathway underlying sildenafil-induced cardioprotection was further investigated with the protein kinase G blocker KT5823 (1 μM). Myocardial cGMP concentration was measured by ELISA. Data (mean±SD) were analysed with a one and two-way analysis of variance as appropriate. RESULTS In control animals infarct size was 52±8%. Sildenafil increased cGMP concentration and reduced infarct size to 35±6% (P<0.05 vs. control). Paxilline and KT5823 completely blocked sildenafil-induced cardioprotection (paxilline+sildenafil: 50±8%, KT5823+sildenafil: 45±8%; both P<0.05 vs. sildenafil). Functional heart parameters and coronary flow were not different between the study groups. CONCLUSION This study shows that in male rats protein kinase G-dependent opening of mBKCa channels plays a pivotal role in sildenafil-induced cardioprotection.
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Zhang Q, Yuan W, Wang G, Wu J, Wang M, Li C. The protective effects of a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on postresuscitation cardiac dysfunction of cardiac arrest: metabolic evidence from microdialysis. Crit Care 2014; 18:641. [PMID: 25475018 PMCID: PMC4262990 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated the cardioprotective role of sildenafil during ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to determine, by obtaining metabolic evidence from microdialysis, if sildenafil could reduce the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and lead to cardioprotection through beneficial effects on energy metabolism. METHODS Twenty-four male piglets were randomly divided into three groups: sildenafil (n = 8), saline (SA; n = 8) and sham operation (n = 8). Sildenafil pretreatment consisted of 0.5 mg/kg sildenafil administered once intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to ventricular fibrillation (VF). The myocardial interstitial fluid (ISF) concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate and glycerol were determined by microdialysis before VF. Afterward, the piglets were subjected to 8 minutes of untreated VF followed by 15 minutes of open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ISF was collected continuously, and the experiment was terminated 24 hours after resuscitation. RESULTS After 8 minutes of untreated VF, the sildenafil group exhibited higher glucose and pyruvate concentrations of ISF and lower lactate and glutamate levels in comparison with the SA group, and these data reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). Advanced cardiac life support was delivered to both groups, with a 24-hour survival rate showing a promising trend in the sildenafil group (7 of 8 versus 3 of 8 survivors, P < 0.05). Compared with the SA group, the sildenafil group had a better outcome in terms of hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism parameters (P < 0.05). Myocardial tissue analysis revealed a dramatic increase in the contents of ATP, ADP and phosphocreatine in the sildenafil group versus the SA group at 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC; P = 0.03, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, 24 hours after ROSC, the sildenafil group had marked elevations in activity of left ventricular Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase compared with the SA group (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil could reduce the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and it produced better clearance of metabolic waste in the ISF. This work might provide insights into the development of a novel strategy to treat postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing You-yi Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95# Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junyuan Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - ChunSheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Vandegriff KD, Malavalli A, Lohman J, Young MA, Terraneo L, Virgili E, Bianciardi P, Caretti A, Samaja M. Impact of acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers on brain apoptosis in rats. Transfusion 2014; 54:2045-54. [PMID: 24673504 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are under extensive consideration as oxygen therapeutics. Their effects on cellular mechanisms related to apoptosis are of particular interest, because the onset of proapoptotic pathways may give rise to tissue damage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The objective was to assess whether the properties of the Hb that replaces blood during an isovolemic hemodilution would modulate apoptotic-response mechanisms in rat brain and whether such signaling favors cytoprotection or damage. We exposed rats to exchange transfusion (ET; 50% blood volume and isovolemic replacement with Hextend [negative colloid control], MP4OX [PEGylated HBOC with high oxygen affinity], and ααHb [αα-cross-linked HBOC with low oxygen affinity; n=4-6/group]). Sham rats acted as control. Animals were euthanized at 2, 6, and 12 hours after ET; brain tissue was harvested and processed for analysis. RESULTS In MP4OX animals, the number of neurons that overexpressed the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was higher than in ααHb, particularly at the early time points. In addition, MP4OX was associated with greater phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), a well-known cytoprotective factor. Indeed, the degree of apoptosis, measured as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive neurons and caspase-3 cleavage, ranked in order of MP4OX < Hextend < ααHb. CONCLUSION Even though both HBOCs showed increased levels of HIF-1α compared to shams or Hextend-treated animals, differences in signaling events resulted in very different outcomes for the two HBOCs. ααHb-treated brain tissue showed significant neuronal damage, measured as apoptosis. This was in stark contrast to the protection seen with MP4OX, apparently due to recruitment of Akt and neuronal specific HIF-1α pathways.
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Musicki B, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC, Burnett AL. Sildenafil promotes eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase in the transgenic sickle cell mouse penis. J Sex Med 2014; 11:424-30. [PMID: 24251665 PMCID: PMC4011711 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated vasculopathy in the penis is characterized by aberrant nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 signaling, and by increased oxidative stress. Preliminary clinical trials show that continuous treatment with PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil unassociated with sexual activity decreases priapic activity in patients with SCD. However, the mechanism of its vasculoprotective effect in the penis remains unclear. AIMS We evaluated whether continuous administration of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil promotes eNOS function at posttranslational levels and decreases superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase activity in the sickle cell mouse penis. METHODS SCD transgenic mice were used as an animal model of SCD. WT mice served as controls. Mice received treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS interactions with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) (positive regulator), phosphorylated AKT (upstream mediator of eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177), an NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox), and a marker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [HNE]) were measured by Western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of continuous sildenafil treatment on eNOS posttranslational activation, NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit, and oxidative stress in the penis of the sickle cell mouse. RESULTS Continuous treatment with sildenafil reversed (P < 0.05) the abnormalities in protein expressions of P-eNOS (Ser-1177), eNOS/HSP90 interaction, P-AKT, protein expression of gp91(phox), and 4-HNE, in the sickle cell mouse penis. Sildenafil treatment of WT mice did not affect any of these parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings that sildenafil enhances eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase function in the sickle cell mouse penis offers a vasculoprotective molecular basis for the therapeutic effect of sildenafil in the penis in association with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hunter C. Champion
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arthur L. Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on apoptosis and beta amyloid load in aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:520-31. [PMID: 24112792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is accompanied by an increase of neuronal apoptosis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity-related molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotoxic factors including beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Because it has been previously demonstrated that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) protect against hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and physiological aging, we investigated the effect of a treatment with the PDE5-I, sildenafil, on cell death, pro- and antiapoptotic molecules, and Aβ production. We demonstrated that chronic intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil (3 mg/kg for 3 weeks) decreased terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampal area of 26-30-month-old mice, downregulating the proapoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X, and increasing antiapoptotic molecules such as B-cell lymphoma protein-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Also, sildenafil reverted the shifting of amyloid precursor protein processing toward Aβ42 production and the increase of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in aged mice. Our data suggest that PDE5-I might be beneficial to treat age-related detrimental features in a physiological mouse model of aging.
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Milano G, Abruzzo PM, Bolotta A, Marini M, Terraneo L, Ravara B, Gorza L, Vitadello M, Burattini S, Curzi D, Falcieri E, von Segesser LK, Samaja M. Impact of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway on the cardioprotection induced by intermittent hypoxia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76659. [PMID: 24124584 PMCID: PMC3790757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH) may enhance cardiac function and protects heart against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we developed a cardioprotective IH model that was characterized at hemodynamic, biochemical and molecular levels. METHODS Mice were exposed to 4 daily IH cycles (each composed of 2-min at 6-8% O2 followed by 3-min reoxygenation for 5 times) for 14 days, with normoxic mice as controls. Mice were then anesthetized and subdivided in various subgroups for analysis of contractility (pressure-volume loop), morphology, biochemistry or resistance to I/R (30-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion and measurement of the area at risk and infarct size). In some mice, the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin was administered (24 µg/kg ip) 15 min before LAD. RESULTS We found that IH did not induce myocardial hypertrophy; rather both contractility and cardiac function improved with greater number of capillaries per unit volume and greater expression of VEGF-R2, but not of VEGF. Besides increasing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and the endothelial isoform of NO synthase with respect to control, IH reduced the infarct size and post-LAD proteins carbonylation, index of oxidative damage. Administration of wortmannin reduced the level of Akt phosphorylation and worsened the infarct size. CONCLUSION We conclude that the PI3K/Akt pathway is crucial for IH-induced cardioprotection and may represent a viable target to reduce myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Milano
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Regenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCSS, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolotta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Terraneo
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Ravara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Curzi
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Effects of sildenafil on the gastrocnemius and cardiac muscles of rats in a model of prolonged moderate exercise training. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69954. [PMID: 23922868 PMCID: PMC3726744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise training improves energetic metabolism, tissue perfusion and induces cardiac and skeletal muscle remodeling. Sildenafil, a potent phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction, reduces infarct size and increases tissue oxygenation in experimental models of cardiovascular disease. We have evaluated the effects of prolonged moderate exercise training and a repeat administration of sildenafil on the rat gastrocnemius and cardiac muscles. Animals were divided into two groups: sedentary and trained. Each group was subdivided into animals treated with vehicle or with two doses of sildenafil (10 or 15 mg/kg/day) during the last week of training. Physical exercise did not induce cardiac hypertrophy, whereas it increased mRNA levels of the PGC-1α, HIF-1α and VEGF genes, which are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis, and reduced mRNA levels of FoxO3a, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1. Sildenafil dose-dependently promoted both angiogenesis, as shown by increased capillary density, and muscle atrophy, as shown by muscle fibre size. These effects were more pronounced in trained animals. Our data confirm the beneficial effects of a moderate and prolonged training on cardiovascular and skeletal systems and document the positive and negative effects of sildenafil on these tissues at doses higher than those used in clinical practice. This report may impact on the use of sildenafil as a substance able to influence sports performance.
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Zhang J, Lin A, Powers J, Lam MP, Lotz C, Liem D, Lau E, Wang D, Deng N, Korge P, Zong NC, Cai H, Weiss J, Ping P. Perspectives on: SGP symposium on mitochondrial physiology and medicine: mitochondrial proteome design: from molecular identity to pathophysiological regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 139:395-406. [PMID: 22641634 PMCID: PMC3362520 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kass DA. Cardiac role of cyclic-GMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase type 5: from experimental models to clinical trials. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2012; 9:192-9. [PMID: 22798047 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-012-0101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its primary signaling kinase, protein kinase G, play an important role in counterbalancing stress remodeling in the heart. Growing evidence supports a positive impact on a variety of cardiac disease conditions from the suppression of cGMP hydrolysis. The latter is regulated by members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily, of which cGMP-selective PDE5 has been best studied. Inhibitors such as sildenafil and tadalafil ameliorate cardiac pressure and volume overload, ischemic injury, and cardiotoxicity. Clinical trials have begun exploring their potential to benefit dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. This review discusses recent developments in the field, highlighting basic science and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Ross Building, Room 858, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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