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Benichou E, Seffou B, Topçu S, Renoult O, Lenoir V, Planchais J, Bonner C, Postic C, Prip-Buus C, Pecqueur C, Guilmeau S, Alves-Guerra MC, Dentin R. The transcription factor ChREBP Orchestrates liver carcinogenesis by coordinating the PI3K/AKT signaling and cancer metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1879. [PMID: 38424041 PMCID: PMC10904844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells integrate multiple biosynthetic demands to drive unrestricted proliferation. How these cellular processes crosstalk to fuel cancer cell growth is still not fully understood. Here, we uncover the mechanisms by which the transcription factor Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) functions as an oncogene during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Mechanistically, ChREBP triggers the expression of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85α, to sustain the activity of the pro-oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HCC. In parallel, increased ChREBP activity reroutes glucose and glutamine metabolic fluxes into fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis to support PI3K/AKT-mediated HCC growth. Thus, HCC cells have a ChREBP-driven circuitry that ensures balanced coordination between PI3K/AKT signaling and appropriate cell anabolism to support HCC development. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of ChREBP by SBI-993 significantly suppresses in vivo HCC tumor growth. Overall, we show that targeting ChREBP with specific inhibitors provides an attractive therapeutic window for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Benichou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Bolaji Seffou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Selin Topçu
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Renoult
- Nantes Université, INSERM U1307, CNRS 6075, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Julien Planchais
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Bonner
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Nantes Université, INSERM U1307, CNRS 6075, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Renaud Dentin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France.
- Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine 3ème étage, 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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Li Y, Deng W, Wu J, He Q, Yang G, Luo X, Jia Y, Duan Y, Zhou L, Liu D. TXNIP Exacerbates the Senescence and Aging-Related Dysfunction of β Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest Through p38-p16/p21-CDK-Rb Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:480-495. [PMID: 36070438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a crucial molecular promoter of oxidative stress and has been identified to be associated with cellular senescence. It is an important mediator of β cell insulin secretion and has effects on β cell mass. However, its role in β cell senescence is unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TXNIP on the senescence and aging- and diet-related dysfunction of β cells. Methods: Human pancreatic paraffin tissues and serum samples from different ages were collected to detect TXNIP expression. TXNIP-/- and C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) until 5, 11, 14, or 20 months. The recapitulation experiment was conducted with TXNIP protein injection. MIN6 cells were transfected with LV-TXNIP and LV-siTXNIP. The biochemical indexes, ageing-related markers, cell cycle proteins, and pathways were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: TXNIP expression showed an age-related increase in β cells and serum samples from humans. TXNIP significantly impaired glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in an age-dependent manner. TXNIP aggravated age-related and obesity-induced structural failure, oxidative stress, decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis in β cells, and induced the cell cycle arrest. TXNIP interacted with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and modulated the p16/p21-CDK-Rb axis to accelerate β cell senescence. Innovation and Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that TXNIP may exacerbate pancreatic β cell senescence and age-related dysfunction by inducing cell cycle arrest through the p38-p16/p21-CDK-Rb pathway, in natural and pathological states. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 480-495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dagdeviren S, Lee RT, Wu N. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein: A Perspective on Redox Inflammation and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:442-460. [PMID: 35754346 PMCID: PMC9968628 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the arrestin fold superfamily with important cellular functions, including cellular transport, mitochondrial energy generation, and protein cycling. It is the only arrestin-domain protein known to covalently bind to thioredoxin and plays roles in glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer. Recent Advances: The crystal structure of the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex provided details about this fascinating interaction. Recent studies showed that TXNIP is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and can regulate glucose transport into cells. The tumor suppressor role of TXNIP in various cancer types and the role of TXNIP in fructose absorption are now described. Critical Issues: The influence of TXNIP on redox state is more complex than its interaction with thioredoxin. Future Directions: It is incompletely understood which functions of TXNIP are thioredoxin-dependent. It is also unclear whether TXNIP binding can inhibit glucose transporters without endocytosis. TXNIP-regulated control of ER stress should also be investigated further. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 442-460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Dagdeviren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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4
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Jiang T, Wang Q, Lv J, Lin L. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036225. [PMID: 36506093 PMCID: PMC9730255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are important intracellular organelles. The sites that mitochondrial and ER are closely related in structure and function are called Mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs are involved in a variety of biological processes, including calcium signaling, lipid synthesis and transport, autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, and inflammation. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a vital organ damage caused by sepsis, which is closely associated with mitochondrial and ER dysfunction. Growing evidence strongly supports the role of MERCs in the pathogenesis of SIMD. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of MERCs and the roles of MERCs proteins in SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jiagao Lv, ; Li Lin, ,
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jiagao Lv, ; Li Lin, ,
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Nutraceuticals/Drugs Promoting Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Biogenesis May Combat the Mitochondrial Dysfunction Driving Progression of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091985. [PMID: 35565950 PMCID: PMC9104458 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the crucial retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are characterized by mitochondria that are structurally and functionally defective. Moreover, deficient expression of the mRNA-editing enzyme Dicer is noted specifically in these cells. This Dicer deficit up-regulates expression of Alu RNA, which in turn damages mitochondria—inducing the loss of membrane potential, boosting oxidant generation, and causing mitochondrial DNA to translocate to the cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic mtDNA, in conjunction with induced oxidative stress, triggers a non-canonical pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to the production of interleukin-18 that acts in an autocrine manner to induce apoptotic death of RPE cells, thereby driving progression of dry AMD. It is proposed that measures which jointly up-regulate mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), by replacing damaged mitochondria with “healthy” new ones, may lessen the adverse impact of Alu RNA on RPE cells, enabling the prevention or control of dry AMD. An analysis of the molecular biology underlying mitophagy/MB and inflammasome activation suggests that nutraceuticals or drugs that can activate Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, and PPARα may be useful in this regard. These include ferulic acid, melatonin urolithin A and glucosamine (Sirt1), metformin and berberine (AMPK), lipoic acid and broccoli sprout extract (Nrf2), and fibrate drugs and astaxanthin (PPARα). Hence, nutraceutical regimens providing physiologically meaningful doses of several or all of the: ferulic acid, melatonin, glucosamine, berberine, lipoic acid, and astaxanthin, may have potential for control of dry AMD.
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Chaves AB, Miranda ER, Mey JT, Blackburn BK, Fuller KNZ, Stearns B, Ludlow A, Williamson DL, Houmard JA, Haus JM. Exercise reduces the protein abundance of TXNIP and its interacting partner REDD1 in skeletal muscle: potential role for a PKA-mediated mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:357-366. [PMID: 34941434 PMCID: PMC8791844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00229.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) negatively effects the redox state and growth signaling via its interactions with thioredoxin (TRX) and regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), respectively. TXNIP expression is downregulated by pathways activated during aerobic exercise (AE), via posttranslational modifications (PTMs; serine phosphorylation and ubiquitination). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of acute AE on TXNIP expression, posttranslational modifications, and its interacting partners, REDD1 and TRX. Fifteen healthy adults performed 30 min of aerobic exercise (80% V̇o2max) with muscle biopsies taken before, immediately following, and 3 h following the exercise bout. To explore potential mechanisms underlying our in vivo findings, primary human myotubes were exposed to two models of exercise, electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) and palmitate-forskolin-ionomycin (PFI). Immediately following exercise, TXNIP protein decreased, but returned to preexercise levels 3 h after exercise. These results were replicated in our PFI exercise model only. Although not statistically significant, there was a trending main effect in serine-phosphorylation status of TXNIP (P = 0.07) immediately following exercise. REDD1 protein decreased 3 h after exercise. AE had no effect on TRX protein expression, gene expression, or the activity of its reducing enzyme, thioredoxin reductase. Consequently, AE had no effect on the TRX: TXNIP interaction. Our results indicate that AE leads to acute reductions in TXNIP and REDD1 protein expression. However, these changes did not result in alterations in the TRX: TXNIP interaction and could not be entirely explained by alterations in TXNIP PTMs or changes in TRX expression or activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise is an effective tool in the prevention and treatment of several chronic metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms through which these benefits are conferred have yet to be fully elucidated. Our data reveal a novel effect of aerobic exercise on reducing the protein expression of molecular targets that negatively impact redox and insulin/growth signaling in skeletal muscle. These findings contribute to the expanding repository of molecular signatures provoked by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Edwin R. Miranda
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacob T. Mey
- 3Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Brian K. Blackburn
- 4Applied Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
| | - Kelly N. Z. Fuller
- 5Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Blaise Stearns
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Ludlow
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David L. Williamson
- 6School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State University Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Elksnis A, Schiffer TA, Palm F, Wang Y, Cen J, Turpaev K, Ngamjariyawat A, Younis S, Huang S, Shen Y, Leng Y, Bergsten P, Karlsborn T, Welsh N, Wang X. Imatinib protects against human beta-cell death via inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and activation of AMPK. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2243-2263. [PMID: 34569605 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is used in the treatment of various malignancies but may also promote beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the mechanisms by which imatinib protects insulin producing cells. Treatment of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with imatinib resulted in increased beta-cell AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Imatinib activated AMPK also in vitro, resulting in decreased ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and protection against islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)-aggregation, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) up-regulation and beta-cell death. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) mimicked and compound C counteracted the effect of imatinib on beta-cell survival. Imatinib-induced AMPK activation was preceded by reduced glucose/pyruvate-dependent respiration, increased glycolysis rates, and a lowered ATP/AMP ratio. Imatinib augmented the fractional oxidation of fatty acids/malate, possibly via a direct interaction with the beta-oxidation enzyme enoyl coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial (ECHS1). In non-beta cells, imatinib reduced respiratory chain complex I and II-mediated respiration and acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, suggesting that mitochondrial effects of imatinib are not beta-cell specific. In conclusion, tyrosine kinase inhibitors modestly inhibit mitochondrial respiration, leading to AMPK activation and TXNIP down-regulation, which in turn protects against beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Elksnis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yun Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kyril Turpaev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shady Younis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Suling Huang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Leng
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tony Karlsborn
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, KBC Byggnaden, Plan 3, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Chu Y, Widjaja J, Hong J, Dolo PR, Zhu X, Yao L. Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Plasma Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP). Obes Surg 2021; 31:4829-4835. [PMID: 34370159 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism in which bariatric surgery induces diabetes remission is still poorly understood. This study proposes Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a possible factor for the anti-diabetic mechanism after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma TXNIP level in obesity patients with diabetes (T2D, N = 20), obesity patients without diabetes (NDO, N = 20), and patients without obesity and diabetes (lean, N = 10) were assessed before surgery and at 1 and 12 months after SG. RESULTS Preoperative TXNIP level was significantly higher in T2D (196.4 ± 76.0 pg/ml) and NDO (149.7 ± 94.1 pg/ml) patients when compared with lean patients (98.7 ± 22.7 pg/ml) (p-value < 0.05). At 1 month and 12 months postoperatively, the TXNIP levels were reduced significantly from the preoperative levels in the T2D and NDO patients (p-value < 0.05). Before surgery, a correlation between TXNIP and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r2 = 0.1585, p-value = 0.0109), HbA1C (r2 = 0.2120, p-value = 0.0028), and insulin (r2 = 0.1217, p-value = 0.0274) was observed. At 12 months after surgery, the reduction of TXNIP was also correlated with the degree of FBG (r2 = 0.1038, p-value = 0.0426), HbA1C (r2 = 0.2459, p-value = 0.0011), and insulin (r2 = 0.1365, p-value = 0.0190) reduction. CONCLUSION Plasma TXNIP level is elevated in obesity patients with/without diabetes. SG resulted in a significant reduction of plasma TXNIP level which is correlated with the degree of FBG, HbA1C, and insulin reduction. Regulation of TXNIP could be part of the mechanism of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Widjaja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ponnie Robertlee Dolo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.
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Koufakis T, Dimitriadis G, Metallidis S, Zebekakis P, Kotsa K. The role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: Looking at the other side of the moon. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13231. [PMID: 33682984 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been traditionally trapped into a metabolic perspective. However, T2D is a phenotypically and pathophysiologically heterogenous disorder, and the need for a tailored approach in its management is becoming increasingly evident. There is emerging evidence that irregular immune responses contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D and, inversely, that insulin resistance is a component of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Nevertheless, it has not yet been fully elucidated to what extent the presence of conventional autoimmune markers, such as autoantibodies, in subjects with T2D might affect the natural history of the disease and particularly each response to various treatments. The challenge for future research in the field is the discovery of novel genetic, molecular, or phenotypical indicators that would enable the characterization of specific subpopulations of people with T2D who would benefit most from the addition of immunomodulatory therapies to standard glucose-lowering treatment. This narrative review aims to discuss the plausible mechanisms through which the immune system might be implicated in the development of metabolic disturbances in T2D and obesity and explore a potential role of immunotherapy in the future management of the disorder and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Role of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein in Diseases and Its Therapeutic Outlook. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052754. [PMID: 33803178 PMCID: PMC7963165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), widely known as thioredoxin-binding protein 2 (TBP2), is a major binding mediator in the thioredoxin (TXN) antioxidant system, which involves a reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling complex and is pivotal for the pathophysiology of some diseases. TXNIP increases reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress and thereby contributes to apoptosis. Recent studies indicate an evolving role of TXNIP in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, and inflammatory illnesses. In addition, TXNIP has gained significant attention due to its wide range of functions in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, improved insulin secretion, and also in the regulation of glucose and tumor suppressor activities in various cancers. This review aims to highlight the roles of TXNIP in the field of diabetology, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation. TXNIP is found to be a promising novel therapeutic target in the current review, not only in the aforementioned diseases but also in prolonged microvascular and macrovascular diseases. Therefore, TXNIP inhibitors hold promise for preventing the growing incidence of complications in relevant diseases.
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Almouhanna F, Blagojevic B, Can S, Ghanem A, Wölfl S. Pharmacological activation of pyruvate kinase M2 reprograms glycolysis leading to TXNIP depletion and AMPK activation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33482908 PMCID: PMC7821649 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis, discovered by Otto Warburg, is a hallmark of cancer metabolism even though not yet fully understood. The low activity of the cancerous pyruvate kinase isozyme (M2) is thought to play an important role by facilitating the conversion of glycolytic intermediates to other anabolic pathways to support tumors’ high proliferation rate. Methods Five breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes were used in this study where real time measurements of cellular bioenergetics and immunoblotting analysis of energy- and nutrient-sensing pathways were employed to investigate the potential effects of PKM2 allosteric activator (DASA-58) in glucose rewiring. Results In this study, we show that DASA-58 can induce pyruvate kinase activity in breast cancer cells without affecting the overall cell survival. The drug is also able to reduce TXNIP levels (an intracellular glucose sensor) probably through depletion of upstream glycolytic metabolites and independent of AMPK and ER signaling. AMPK shows an induction in phosphorylation (T172) in response to treatment an effect that can be potentiated by combining DASA-58 with other metabolic inhibitors. Conclusions Altogether, the multifaceted metabolic reprogramming induced by DASA-58 in breast cancer cells increases their susceptibility to other therapeutics suggesting the suitability of the intracellular glucose sensor TXNIP as a marker of PK activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzan Can
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ghanem
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Xie X, Bai G, Liu H, Zhang L, He Y, Qiang D, Zou X. Early Predictors in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes at Different Fasting Blood Glucose Levels. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1485-1492. [PMID: 33833539 PMCID: PMC8020326 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the possible roles and potential prediction ability of metabolic parameters in the early development of T2D by detecting their serum levels at different fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. METHODS The subjects were included and divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes (PD), and T2Dsubgroups. Apart from detecting the levels of routine biochemical parameters, fasting serum insulin (FINS), 25(OH)D, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), thioredoxin (TRX), and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) were detected. β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed by homeostasis model assessment. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of metabolic parameters, and their optimal cut-off values were obtained in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index. RESULTS Among the 207 subjects, aged from 20 to 60 years (44.62+12.92) contain 118 males and 89 females. There was a significantly lower trend of TRX, HOMA-β, and 25(OH)D following the higher FBG level among these three subgroups, while a significantly higher trend of all the other metabolic parameters. The multivariate analysis showed that subjects with higher values of TRX, HOMA-β, and 25(OH)D had a significantly lower risk for patients to be diagnosed as PD (aOR: 0.945, 0.961, and 0.543) and T2D (aOR: 0.912, 0.947, 0.434). Under the reliable 95% CI, TXNIP with a cut-off value of 119.27 showed the highest AUC value, sensitivity, and specificity (AUC: 0.981, 95% CI: 0.8524-0.9839, 91.49%, and 83.33%) to diagnose PD. FINS with a cut-off value of 28.1 also showed the highest ones (AUC=0.9872, 95% CI: 0.9753-0.9992, 100%, and 92.91%) to diagnose T2D. CONCLUSION Early prediction of T2D is vital for timely intervention. Based on the FBG ≥100.8 mg/dl, the results provide evidence that 25(OH)D might be the protective factor in the early development of T2D. Besides, TXNIP and FINS might be the predictor for PD and T2D, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaomin Xie Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, 2 Liqun Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13895189599 Email
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanTing He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, People’s Republic of China
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) with Focus on Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249357. [PMID: 33302545 PMCID: PMC7764580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to diseases relies on the identification of key molecular targets involved in amplifying disease processes. One such molecule is thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also designated thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), a member of the α-arrestin family of proteins and a central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, involved in diabetes-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. TXNIP sequesters reduced thioredoxin (TRX), inhibiting its function, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Many different cellular stress factors regulate TXNIP expression, including high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free radicals, hypoxia, nitric oxide, insulin, and adenosine-containing molecules. TXNIP is also directly involved in inflammatory activation through its interaction with the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have significant pathologies associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunctions. In addition, as dysfunctions in glucose and cellular metabolism have been associated with such brain diseases, a role for TXNIP in neurodegeneration has actively been investigated. In this review, we will focus on the current state of the understanding of possible normal and pathological functions of TXNIP in the central nervous system from studies of in vitro neural cells and the brains of humans and experimental animals with reference to other studies. As TXNIP can be expressed by neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, a complex pattern of regulation and function in the brain is suggested. We will examine data suggesting TXNIP as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases where further research is needed.
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Novel fluorinated derivative of curcumin negatively regulates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in retinal pigment epithelial and macrophage cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:668-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Magalhães Rebelo AP, Dal Bello F, Knedlik T, Kaar N, Volpin F, Shin SH, Giacomello M. Chemical Modulation of Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071637. [PMID: 32646031 PMCID: PMC7408517 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are points in which the two organelles are in close proximity. Due to their structural and functional complexity, their exploitation as pharmacological targets has never been considered so far. Notwithstanding, the number of compounds described to target proteins residing at these interfaces either directly or indirectly is rising. Here we provide original insight into mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs), with a comprehensive overview of the current MERCs pharmacology. Importantly, we discuss the considerable potential of MERCs to become a druggable target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Magalhães Rebelo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Tomas Knedlik
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Natasha Kaar
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Fabio Volpin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6300
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Ruscica M, Corsini A, Ferri N, Banach M, Sirtori CR. Clinical approach to the inflammatory etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104916. [PMID: 32445957 PMCID: PMC7238995 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an obligatory marker of arterial disease, both stemming from the inflammatory activity of cholesterol itself and from well-established molecular mechanisms. Raised progenitor cell recruitment after major events and clonal hematopoiesis related mechanisms have provided an improved understanding of factors regulating inflammatory phenomena. Trials with inflammation antagonists have led to an extensive evaluation of biomarkers such as the high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), not exerting a causative role, but frequently indicative of the individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Aim of this review is to provide indication on the anti-inflammatory profile of agents of general use in CV prevention, i.e. affecting lipids, blood pressure, diabetes as well nutraceuticals such as n-3 fatty acids. A crucial issue in the evaluation of the benefit of the anti-inflammatory activity is the frequent discordance between a beneficial activity on a major risk factor and associated changes of hsCRP, as in the case of statins vs PCSK9 antagonists. In hypertension, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors exert an optimal anti-inflammatory activity, vs the case of sartans. The remarkable preventive activity of SLGT-2 inhibitors in heart failure is not associated with a clear anti-inflammatory mechanism. Finally, icosapent ethyl has been shown to reduce the CV risk in hypertriglyceridemia, with a 27 % reduction of hsCRP. The inflammation-based approach to arterial disease has considerably gained from an improved understanding of the clinical diagnostic strategy and from a better knowledge on the mode of action of numerous agents, including nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Liu M, Liu C, Shen S, Liu J, Yin F. Geniposide inhibits glucolipotoxicity and cooperates with Txnip knockdown to potentiate cell adaption to endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1535-1543. [PMID: 32215982 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a negative regulator of thioredoxin, has become an attractive therapeutic target to alleviate metabolic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that geniposide improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by accelerating Txnip degradation and prevented the early-stage apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by palmitate, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of this study is to identify the role of Txnip in geniposide preventing the apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose and palmitate (HG/PA). The results revealed that geniposide attenuated HG/PA-induced cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax and caspase-3, while increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and the anti-apoptotic protein levels of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Bcl-2 in INS-1 rat pancreatic β cells. Knockdown of the Txnip gene raised the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins HO-1 and Bcl-2 and geniposide potentiated the effect of Txnip when the INS-1 cells were challenged by HG/PA. Furthermore, geniposide enhanced the adoptive unfolded protein response by increasing the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α in HG/PA-treated INS-1 cells. The results together suggest that geniposide might be useful to antagonize glucolipotoxicity and Txnip might be a pleiotropic cellular factor in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shenli Shen
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
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18
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Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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19
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Hirata CL, Ito S, Masutani H. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) forms redox sensitive high molecular weight nucleoprotein complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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He S, Wu W, Wan Y, Nandakumar KS, Cai X, Tang X, Liu S, Yao X. GLP-1 Receptor Activation Abrogates β-Cell Dysfunction by PKA Cα-Mediated Degradation of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1230. [PMID: 31708773 PMCID: PMC6824261 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist (Exendin-4) is a well-known agent used to improve β-cell dysfunctions via protein kinase A (PKA), but the detailed downstream molecular mechanisms are still elusive. We have now found that PKA Cα mediated- TXNIP phosphorylation and degradation played a vital role in the β-cell protective role of exendin-4. After PKA activator (Exendin-4 or FSK) treatment, PKA Cα could directly interact with TXNIP by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and Co-IP assays in INS-1 cells. And PKA Cα overexpression decreased TXNIP level, whereas TXNIP level was largely increased in PKA Cα-KO β-cells by CRISPR-Cas9. Interestingly, TXNIP overexpression or PKA Cα-KO has impaired β-cell functions, including loss of insulin secretion and activation of inflammation. PKA Cα directly phosphorylated TXNIP at Ser307 and Ser308 positions, leading to its degradation via activation of cellular proteasome pathway. Consistent with this observation, TXNIP (S307/308A) mutant resisted the degradation effects of PKA Cα. However, exendin-4 neither affected TXNIP level in TXNIP (S307/308A) mutant overexpressed β-cells nor in PKA Cα-KO β-cells. Moreover, exendin-4 treatment reduced the inflammation gene expression in TXNIP overexpressed β-cells, but exendin-4 treatment has no effect on the inflammation gene expression in TXNIP (S307/308A) overexpressed β-cells. In conclusion, our study reveals the integral role of PKA Cα/TXNIP signaling in pancreatic β-cells and suggests that PKA Cα-mediated TXNIP degradation is vital in β-cell protective effects of exendin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuchao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Pharmacy, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M. Autophagy-induced degradation of Notch1, achieved through intermittent fasting, may promote beta cell neogenesis: implications for reversal of type 2 diabetes. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001028. [PMID: 31218007 PMCID: PMC6546199 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Yuan J, Tan JTM, Rajamani K, Solly EL, King EJ, Lecce L, Simpson PJL, Lam YT, Jenkins AJ, Bursill CA, Keech AC, Ng MKC. Fenofibrate Rescues Diabetes-Related Impairment of Ischemia-Mediated Angiogenesis by PPARα-Independent Modulation of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein. Diabetes 2019; 68:1040-1053. [PMID: 30765336 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, reduces lower limb amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes. The mechanism is, however, unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that fenofibrate markedly attenuates diabetes-related impairment of ischemia-mediated angiogenesis. In a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, daily oral fenofibrate treatment restored diabetes-impaired blood flow recovery, foot movement, hindlimb capillary density, vessel diameter, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling to nondiabetic levels in both wild-type and PPARα-knockout mice, indicating that these fenofibrate effects are largely PPARα independent. In vitro, fenofibric acid (FFA) rescued high glucose-induced (25 mmol/L) impairment of endothelial cell migration, tubulogenesis, and survival in a PPARα-independent manner. Interestingly, fenofibrate in vivo and FFA in vitro reversed high glucose-induced expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an exquisitely glucose-inducible gene previously identified as a critical mediator of diabetes-related impairment in neovascularization. Conversely, adenoviral overexpression of TXNIP abrogated the restorative effects of FFA on high glucose-impaired endothelial cell function in vitro, indicating that the effects of FFA are mediated by TXNIP. We conclude that fenofibrate rescues diabetic impairment in ischemia-mediated angiogenesis, in large part, by PPARα-independent regulation of TXNIP. These findings may therefore explain the reduction in amputations seen in patients with diabetes treated with fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kushwin Rajamani
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily J King
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Lecce
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Yuen Ting Lam
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin K C Ng
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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AMPK-Mediated Regulation of Alpha-Arrestins and Protein Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030515. [PMID: 30691068 PMCID: PMC6387238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Recent studies reveal a novel role for AMPK in the regulation of glucose and other carbohydrates flux by controlling the endocytosis of transporters. The first step in glucose metabolism is glucose uptake, a process mediated by members of the GLUT/SLC2A (glucose transporters) or HXT (hexose transporters) family of twelve-transmembrane domain glucose transporters in mammals and yeast, respectively. These proteins are conserved from yeast to humans, and multiple transporters—each with distinct kinetic properties—compete for plasma membrane occupancy in order to enhance or limit the rate of glucose uptake. During growth in the presence of alternative carbon sources, glucose transporters are removed and replaced with the appropriate transporter to help support growth in response to this environment. New insights into the regulated protein trafficking of these transporters reveal the requirement for specific α-arrestins, a little-studied class of protein trafficking adaptor. A defining feature of the α-arrestins is that each contains PY-motifs, which can bind to the ubiquitin ligases from the NEDD4/Rsp5 (Neural precursor cell Expressed, Developmentally Down-regulated 4 and Reverses Spt- Phenotype 5, respectively) family. Specific association of α-arrestins with glucose and carbohydrate transporters is thought to bring the ubiquitin ligase in close proximity to its membrane substrate, and thereby allows the membrane cargo to become ubiquitinated. This ubiquitination in turn serves as a mark to stimulate endocytosis. Recent results show that AMPK phosphorylation of the α-arrestins impacts their abundance and/or ability to stimulate carbohydrate transporter endocytosis. Indeed, AMPK or glucose limitation also controls α-arrestin gene expression, adding an additional layer of complexity to this regulation. Here, we review the recent studies that have expanded the role of AMPK in cellular metabolism to include regulation of α-arrestin-mediated trafficking of transporters and show that this mechanism of regulation is conserved over the ~150 million years of evolution that separate yeast from man.
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Zhang E, Mohammed Al-Amily I, Mohammed S, Luan C, Asplund O, Ahmed M, Ye Y, Ben-Hail D, Soni A, Vishnu N, Bompada P, De Marinis Y, Groop L, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Renström E, Wollheim CB, Salehi A. Preserving Insulin Secretion in Diabetes by Inhibiting VDAC1 Overexpression and Surface Translocation in β Cells. Cell Metab 2019; 29:64-77.e6. [PMID: 30293774 PMCID: PMC6331340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops after years of prediabetes during which high glucose (glucotoxicity) impairs insulin secretion. We report that the ATP-conducting mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) is upregulated in islets from T2D and non-diabetic organ donors under glucotoxic conditions. This is caused by a glucotoxicity-induced transcriptional program, triggered during years of prediabetes with suboptimal blood glucose control. Metformin counteracts VDAC1 induction. VDAC1 overexpression causes its mistargeting to the plasma membrane of the insulin-secreting β cells with loss of the crucial metabolic coupling factor ATP. VDAC1 antibodies and inhibitors prevent ATP loss. Through direct inhibition of VDAC1 conductance, metformin, like specific VDAC1 inhibitors and antibodies, restores the impaired generation of ATP and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in T2D islets. Treatment of db/db mice with VDAC1 inhibitor prevents hyperglycemia, and maintains normal glucose tolerance and physiological regulation of insulin secretion. Thus, β cell function is preserved by targeting the novel diabetes executer protein VDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Israa Mohammed Al-Amily
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Sarheed Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Meftun Ahmed
- Academic Hospital Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arvind Soni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Pradeep Bompada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.
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Chu KY, O'Reilly L, Mellet N, Meikle PJ, Bartley C, Biden TJ. Oleate disrupts cAMP signaling, contributing to potent stimulation of pancreatic β-cell autophagy. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1218-1229. [PMID: 30518550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular function via clearance of excess nutrients and damaged organelles. In pancreatic β-cells, it helps counter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that impairs insulin secretory capacity during Type 2 diabetes. Chronic exposure of β-cells to saturated fatty acids (FAs) such as palmitate stimulates ER stress and modulates autophagy, but the effects of unsaturated FAs such as oleate, which are also elevated during obesity, are less well understood. We therefore treated MIN6 cells and mouse islets for 8-48 h with either palmitate or oleate, and then monitored autophagic flux, signaling pathways, lysosomal biology, and phospholipid profiles. Compared with palmitate, oleate more effectively stimulated both autophagic flux and clearance of autophagosomes. The flux stimulation occurred independently of ER stress, nutrient-sensing (mTOR) and signaling pathways (protein kinases A, C, and D). Instead the mechanism involved the exchange factor directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2). Oleate reduced cellular cAMP, and its effects on autophagic flux were reproduced or inhibited, respectively, by Epac2 knockdown or activation. Oleate also increased lysosomal acidity and increased phospholipid saturation, consistent with improved autophagosomal fusion with lysosomes. We conclude that a potent stimulation of autophagy might help explain the known benefits of unsaturated FAs in countering the toxicity of saturated FAs in β-cells during obesity and lipid loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yi Chu
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052
| | - Liam O'Reilly
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010
| | - Natalie Mellet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Clarissa Bartley
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052.
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Skórzyńska-Dziduszko KE, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Patro-Małysza J, Stenzel-Bembenek A, Oleszczuk J, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Heat Shock Proteins as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: What We Know so Far. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103205. [PMID: 30336561 PMCID: PMC6213996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex condition that involves a variety of pathological mechanisms, including pancreatic β-cell failure, insulin resistance, and inflammation. There is an increasing body of literature suggesting that these interrelated phenomena may arise from the common mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both obesity-associated nutrient excess and hyperglycemia disturb ER function in protein folding and transport. This results in the accumulation of polypeptides in the ER lumen and impairs insulin secretion and signaling. Exercise elicits metabolic adaptive responses, which may help to restore normal chaperone expression in insulin-resistant tissues. Pharmacological induction of chaperones, mimicking the metabolic effect of exercise, is a promising therapeutic tool for preventing GDM by maintaining the body's natural stress response. Metformin, a commonly used diabetes medication, has recently been identified as a modulator of ER-stress-associated inflammation. The results of recent studies suggest the potential use of chemical ER chaperones and antioxidant vitamins as therapeutic interventions that can prevent glucose-induced ER stress in GDM placentas. In this review, we discuss whether chaperones may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM, as well as whether they can be a potential therapeutic target in GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Patro-Małysza
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stenzel-Bembenek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jan Oleszczuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
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Kondo M, Tanabe K, Amo-Shiinoki K, Hatanaka M, Morii T, Takahashi H, Seino S, Yamada Y, Tanizawa Y. Activation of GLP-1 receptor signalling alleviates cellular stresses and improves beta cell function in a mouse model of Wolfram syndrome. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2189-2201. [PMID: 30054673 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Loss of functional beta cells results in a gradual progression of insulin insufficiency in Wolfram syndrome caused by recessive WFS1 mutations. However, beta cell dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome has yet to be fully characterised, and there are also no specific treatment recommendations. In this study, we aimed to characterise beta cell secretory defects and to examine the potential effects of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist on diabetes in Wolfram syndrome. METHODS Insulin secretory function was assessed by the pancreatic perfusion method in mice used as a model of Wolfram syndrome. In addition, granule dynamics in living beta cells were examined using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Acute and chronic effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were examined in young Wfs1-/- mice without hyperglycaemia. Molecular events associated with Ex-4 treatment were investigated using pancreatic sections and isolated islets. In addition, we retrospectively observed a woman with Wolfram syndrome who had been treated with liraglutide for 24 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with liraglutide ameliorated our patient's glycaemic control and resulted in a 20% reduction of daily insulin dose along with an off-drug elevation of fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity. Glucose-stimulated first-phase insulin secretion and potassium-stimulated insulin secretion decreased by 53% and 59%, respectively, in perfused pancreases of 10-week-old Wfs1-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The number of insulin granule fusion events in the first phase decreased by 41% in Wfs1-/- beta cells compared with WT beta cells. Perfusion with Ex-4 increased insulin release in the first and second phases by 3.9-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively, in Wfs1-/- mice compared with perfusion with saline as a control. The physiological relevance of the effects of Ex-4 was shown by the fact that a single administration potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in Wfs1-/- mice. Four weeks of administration of Ex-4 resulted in an off-drug amelioration of glucose excursions after glucose loading in Wfs1-/- mice, with insulin secretory dynamics that were indistinguishable from those in WT mice, despite the fact that there was no alteration in beta cell mass. In association with the functional improvements, Ex-4 treatment reversed the increases in phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF2α) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), and the decrease in phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), in the beta cells of the Wfs1-/- mice. Furthermore, Ex-4 treatment modulated the transcription of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related markers in isolated islets, implying that it was able to mitigate the cellular stresses resulting from Wfs1 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides deeper insights into the pathophysiology of beta cell dysfunction caused by WFS1 deficiency and implies that activation of the GLP-1 receptor signal may alleviate insulin insufficiency and aid glycaemic control in Wolfram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kondo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hatanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Morii
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Harumi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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McWherter C, Choi YJ, Serrano RL, Mahata SK, Terkeltaub R, Liu-Bryan R. Arhalofenate acid inhibits monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammatory responses through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:204. [PMID: 30189890 PMCID: PMC6127987 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arhalofenate acid, the active acid form of arhalofenate, is a non-agonist peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, with uricosuric activity via URAT1 inhibition. Phase II studies revealed decreased acute arthritis flares in arhalofenate-treated gout compared with allopurinol alone. Hence, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of arhalofenate and its active acid form for responses to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Methods We assessed in-vivo responses to MSU crystals in murine subcutaneous air pouches and in-vitro responses in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE/Western blot, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Results Oral administration of arhalofenate (250 mg/kg) blunted total leukocyte ingress, neutrophil influx, and air pouch fluid interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 in response to MSU crystal injection (p < 0.05 for each). Arhalofenate acid (100 μM) attenuated MSU crystal-induced IL-1β production in BMDMs via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, arhalofenate acid dose-dependently increased activation (as assessed by phosphorylation) of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Studying AMPKα1 knockout mice, we elucidated that AMPK mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of arhalofenate acid. Moreover, arhalofenate acid attenuated the capacity of MSU crystals to suppress AMPK activity, regulated expression of multiple downstream AMPK targets that modulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, preserved intact mitochondrial cristae and volume density, and promoted anti-inflammatory autophagy flux in BMDMs. Conclusions Arhalofenate acid is anti-inflammatory and acts via AMPK activation and its downstream signaling in macrophages. These effects likely contribute to a reduction of gout flares. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1699-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon L Serrano
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA. .,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Xu W, Wang L, Li J, Cai Y, Xue Y. TXNIP mediated the oxidative stress response in glomerular mesangial cells partially through AMPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:785-792. [PMID: 30142540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated role of TXNIP on oxidative stress in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) cultured in high glucose or normal glucose, and explored the potential mechanism related to TXNIP as well. METHODS Oxidative stress in GMCs under high or normal glucose was detected. TXNIP knockdown by specific siRNA or over expression by pcDNA3.0-TXNIP vector was performed to evaluate the role of TXNIP on injury of GMCs caused by oxidative stress. Activator of AMPK AICAR and AMPK inhibitor Compound C were treated the GMCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and superoxide dismutase (CAT) were measured by ELISA. Activity of thioredoxin (Trx) was determined using Trx activity assay kit. mRNA expression of AMPK, TXNIP, Trx1 and Trx2 were tested by qRT-PCR. Expressions of P-AMPK, TXNIP and fibronectin proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS High glucose induced the increase of ROS level, activation of TXNIP, but restricted mitochondrial membrane potential and activities of p-AMPK, SOD and CAT, and Trx. TXNIP siRNA and AICAR inhibited high glucose-induced oxidative stress response in GMCs and fibronectin expression, but promoted cell viability. In contrast, pcDNA3.0-TXNIP and Compound C increased oxidative stress response in normal glucose cultured GMCs, but decreased cell viability. The combined effect of TXNIP siRNA and AICAR on the inhibition of oxidative stress was obviously stronger than that of single use of TXNIP siRNA. CONCLUSION TXNIP facilitates the oxidative stress response in GMCs partially through AMPK pathway, which may provide potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jimin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
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Palmitate and insulin counteract glucose-induced thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in insulin secreting cells via distinct mechanisms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198016. [PMID: 29813102 PMCID: PMC5973613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and palmitate synergistically stimulate insulin secretion, but chronically elevated they induce apoptotic β-cell death. The glucotoxic effect has been attributed, at least partly, to the upregulation of the oxidative stress marker thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). Palmitate downregulates TXNIP expression, the functional significance of which is still under debate. This study examines the mechanism and consequence of palmitate-mediated TXNIP regulation in insulin secreting cells. Palmitate (600 μM) reduced TXNIP mRNA levels in isolated human and mouse islets independently of FFAR1/GPR40. Similar effects of palmitate were observed in INS-1E cells and mimicked by other long chain fatty acids. The lowering of TXNIP mRNA was significant already 1 h after addition of palmitate, persisted for 24 h and was directly translated to changes in TXNIP protein. The pharmacological inhibition of palmitate-induced phosphorylation of AMPK, ERK1/2, JNK and PKCα/β by BML-275, PD98059, SP600125 and Gö6976, respectively, did not abolish palmitate-mediated TXNIP downregulation. The effect of palmitate was superimposed by a time-dependent (8 h and 24 h) decline of TXNIP mRNA and protein. This decline correlated with accumulation of secreted insulin into the medium. Accordingly, exogenously added insulin reduced TXNIP mRNA and protein levels, an effect counteracted by the insulin/IGF-1 receptor antagonist linsitinib. The inhibition of PI3K and Akt/PKB increased TXNIP mRNA levels. The histone deacetylase (HDAC1/2/3) inhibitor MS-275 completely abrogated the time-dependent, insulin-mediated reduction of TXNIP, leaving the effect of palmitate unaltered. Acute stimulation of insulin secretion and chronic accentuation of cell death by palmitate occurred independently of TXNIP regulation. On the contrary, palmitate antagonized glucose-augmented ROS production. In conclusion, glucose-induced TXNIP expression is efficiently antagonized by two independent mechanisms, namely via an autocrine activation of insulin/IGF-1 receptors involving HDAC and by palmitate attenuating oxidative stress of β-cells.
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The Function of Thioredoxin-Binding Protein-2 (TBP-2) in Different Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4582130. [PMID: 29854083 PMCID: PMC5954861 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4582130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2) has an important role in the redox system, but it plays a different role in many different diseases (e.g., various cancers, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease, and cataracts) by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism. Distinct transcription factors (TFs) stimulated by different factors combine with binding sites or proteins to upregulate or downregulate TBP-2 expression, in order to respond to the change in the internal environment. Most research disclosed that the main function of TBP-2 is associating with thioredoxin (Trx) to inhibit the antioxidant capacity of Trx. Furthermore, the TBP-2 located in tissues, whether normal or abnormal, has the ability to cause the dysfunctioning of cells and even death through different pathways, such as shortening the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis or autophagy. Through these studies, we found that TBP-2 promoted the development of diseases which are involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage. To a certain extent, we believe that there is some hidden connection between the biological functions which TBP-2 participates in and some distinct diseases. This review presents only a summary of the roles that TBP-2 plays in cancer, DM, cataracts, and so on, as well as its universal mechanisms. Further investigations are needed for the cell signaling pathways of the effects caused by TBP-2. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of TBP-2 could produce potential new targets for the treatment of diseases, including cancer and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cataracts.
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Alhawiti NM, Al Mahri S, Aziz MA, Malik SS, Mohammad S. TXNIP in Metabolic Regulation: Physiological Role and Therapeutic Outlook. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 18:1095-1103. [PMID: 28137209 PMCID: PMC5543564 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170130145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) also known as thioredoxin binding protein-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that interacts and negatively regulates expression and function of Thioredoxin (TXN). Over the last few years, TXNIP has attracted considerable attention due to its wide-ranging functions impacting several aspects of energy metabolism. TXNIP acts as an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism through pleiotropic actions including regulation of β-cell function, hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, adipogenesis, and substrate utilization. Overexpression of TXNIP in animal models has been shown to induce apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells, reduce insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues like skeletal muscle and adipose, and decrease energy expenditure. On the contrary, TXNIP deficient animals are protected from diet induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Summary: Consequently, targeting TXNIP is thought to offer novel therapeutic opportunity and TXNIP inhibitors have the potential to become a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here we summarize the current state of our understanding of TXNIP biology, highlight its role in metabolic regulation and raise critical questions that could help future research to exploit TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Mohammad Alhawiti
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- Colorectal Cancer Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Thielen L, Shalev A. Diabetes pathogenic mechanisms and potential new therapies based upon a novel target called TXNIP. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:75-80. [PMID: 29356688 PMCID: PMC5831522 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Thioredoxin-interacting protein has emerged as a major factor regulating pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death, key processes in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence based on basic, preclinical, and retrospective epidemiological research suggests that TXNIP represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetes. The present review is aimed at providing an update regarding these developments. RECENT FINDINGS TXNIP has been shown to be induced by glucose and increased in diabetes and to promote β-cell apoptosis, whereas TXNIP deletion protected against diabetes. More recently, TXNIP inhibition has also been found to promote insulin production and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling via regulation of a microRNA. β-Cell TXNIP expression itself was found to be regulated by hypoglycemic agents, carbohydrate-response-element-binding protein, and cytosolic calcium or the calcium channel blocker, verapamil. Retrospective studies now further suggest that verapamil use might be associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in humans. SUMMARY TXNIP has emerged as a key factor in the regulation of functional β-cell mass and TXNIP inhibition has shown beneficial effects in a variety of studies. Thus, the inhibition of TXNIP may provide a novel approach to the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Thielen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) in Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regulation and Implication. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7900-7920. [PMID: 29488135 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including acute attacks (e.g., ischemic stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), have always been one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These debilitating diseases represent an enormous disease burden, not only in terms of health suffering but also in economic costs. Although the clinical presentations differ for these diseases, a growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in brain tissue significantly contribute to their pathology. However, therapies attempting to prevent oxidative damage or inhibiting inflammation have shown little success. Identification and targeting endogenous "upstream" mediators that normalize such processes will lead to improve therapeutic strategy of these diseases. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TRX) system, a major cellular thiol-reducing and antioxidant system. TXNIP regulating redox/glucose-induced stress and inflammation, now is known to get upregulated in stroke and other brain diseases, and represents a promising therapeutic target. In particular, there is growing evidence that glucose strongly induces TXNIP in multiple cell types, suggesting possible physiological roles of TXNIP in glucose metabolism. Recently, a significant body of literature has supported an essential role of TXNIP in the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3)-inflammasome, a well-established multi-molecular protein complex and a pivotal mediator of sterile inflammation. Accordingly, TXNIP has been postulated to reside centrally in detecting cellular damage and mediating inflammatory responses to tissue injury. The majority of recent studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of TXNIP is neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conspicuously, the mainstream of the emerging evidences is highlighting TXNIP link to damaging signals in endothelial cells. Thereby, here, we keep the trend to present the accumulative data on CNS diseases dealing with vascular integrity. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the significant contribution of regulatory mechanisms of TXNIP with the development of brain diseases, explore pharmacological strategies of targeting TXNIP, and outline obstacles to be considered for efficient clinical translation.
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Richards P, Ourabah S, Montagne J, Burnol AF, Postic C, Guilmeau S. MondoA/ChREBP: The usual suspects of transcriptional glucose sensing; Implication in pathophysiology. Metabolism 2017; 70:133-151. [PMID: 28403938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the Mondo glucose-responsive transcription factors family, including the MondoA and MondoB/ChREBP paralogs, has shed light on the mechanism whereby glucose affects gene transcription. They have clearly emerged, in recent years, as key mediators of glucose sensing by multiple cell types. MondoA and ChREBP have overlapping yet distinct expression profiles, which underlie their downstream targets and separate roles in regulating genes involved in glucose metabolism. MondoA can restrict glucose uptake and influences energy utilization in skeletal muscle, while ChREBP signals energy storage through de novo lipogenesis in liver and white adipose tissue. Because Mondo proteins mediate metabolic adaptations to changing glucose levels, a better understanding of cellular glucose sensing through Mondo proteins will likely uncover new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the imbalanced glucose homeostasis that accompanies metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of structural homologies, transcriptional partners as well as the nutrient and hormonal mechanisms underlying Mondo proteins regulation. We next summarize their relative contribution to energy metabolism changes in physiological states and the evolutionary conservation of these pathways. Finally, we discuss their possible targeting in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Ourabah
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA, UMR 9198, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Pollack RM, Donath MY, LeRoith D, Leibowitz G. Anti-inflammatory Agents in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications. Diabetes Care 2016; 39 Suppl 2:S244-52. [PMID: 27440839 DOI: 10.2337/dcs15-3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between hyperglycemia and inflammation and vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. Antidiabetes drugs may alleviate inflammation by reducing hyperglycemia; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of these medications are inconsistent and it is unknown whether their beneficial metabolic effects are mediated via modulation of chronic inflammation. Recent data suggest that immunomodulatory treatments may have beneficial effects on glycemia, β-cell function, and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial metabolic effects are not always clear, and there are concerns regarding the specificity, safety, and efficacy of immune-based therapies. Herein, we review the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects of current antidiabetes drugs and of anti-inflammatory therapies that were studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. We discuss the potential benefit of using anti-inflammatory treatments in diabetes and important issues that should be addressed prior to implementation of such therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena M Pollack
- Diabetes Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Diabetes Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Endocrine Service, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Metformin discontinuation less than 72 h is suboptimal for F-18 FDG PET/CT interpretation of the bowel. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:629-636. [PMID: 27392947 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin-induced [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) bowel uptake can hinder positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) evaluation of the bowel. This study aimed to investigate the segmental bowel uptake of FDG according to metformin discontinuation times up to 72 h. METHODS We retrospectively divided 240 diabetic patients into four groups: metformin discontinuation <24 h (group A; n = 86), 24-48 h (group B; n = 40), 48-72 h (group C; n = 12), and no metformin (control group; n = 102). Segmental FDG bowel uptakes were measured visually (four-point scale) and semi-quantitatively (maximum standardized uptake value). RESULTS Compared with the control group, FDG uptake increased significantly from the ileum to the rectosigmoid colon in group A, from the transverse to the rectosigmoid colon in group B, and from the descending colon to the rectosigmoid colon in group C in both visual and semi-quantitative analyses. CONCLUSIONS Metformin discontinuation for <72 h is likely suboptimal for PET/CT image interpretation, especially with respect to the distal segments of the colon.
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Riahi Y, Wikstrom JD, Bachar-Wikstrom E, Polin N, Zucker H, Lee MS, Quan W, Haataja L, Liu M, Arvan P, Cerasi E, Leibowitz G. Autophagy is a major regulator of beta cell insulin homeostasis. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1480-1491. [PMID: 26831301 PMCID: PMC5912938 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We studied the role of protein degradation pathways in the regulation of insulin production and secretion and hypothesised that autophagy regulates proinsulin degradation, thereby modulating beta cell function. METHODS Proinsulin localisation in autophagosomes was demonstrated by confocal and electron microscopy. Autophagy was inhibited by knockdown of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and using the H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin-A1. Proinsulin and insulin content and secretion were assessed in static incubations by ELISA and RIA. RESULTS Confocal and electron microscopy showed proinsulin localised in autophagosomes and lysosomes. Beta-Atg7 (-/-) mice had proinsulin-containing sequestosome 1 (p62 [also known as SQSTM1])(+) aggregates in beta cells, indicating proinsulin is regulated by autophagy in vivo. Short-term bafilomycin-A1 treatment and ATG5/7 knockdown increased steady-state proinsulin and hormone precursor chromogranin A content. ATG5/7 knockdown also increased glucose- and non-fuel-stimulated insulin secretion. Finally, mutated forms of proinsulin that are irreparably misfolded and trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum are more resistant to degradation by autophagy. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In the beta cell, transport-competent secretory peptide precursors, including proinsulin, are regulated by autophagy, whereas efficient clearance of transport-incompetent mutated forms of proinsulin by alternative degradative pathways may be necessary to avoid beta cell proteotoxicity. Reduction of autophagic degradation of proinsulin increases its residency in the secretory pathway, followed by enhanced secretion in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Riahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
- Molecular Dermatology Research Group, Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikstrom
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Nava Polin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hava Zucker
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wenying Quan
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erol Cerasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Hong K, Xu G, Grayson TB, Shalev A. Cytokines Regulate β-Cell Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP) via Distinct Mechanisms and Pathways. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8428-39. [PMID: 26858253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key regulator of diabetic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, and TXNIP inhibition prevents diabetes in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although we have previously shown that TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, any regulation by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFNγ) has remained largely unexplored. Moreover, even though this three-cytokine mixture is widely used to mimic type 1 diabetes in vitro, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Interestingly, we have now found that this cytokine mixture increases β-cell TXNIP expression; however, although TNFα had no effect, IL-1β surprisingly down-regulated TXNIP transcription, whereas IFNγ increased TXNIP levels in INS-1 β-cells and primary islets. Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1β effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity. In contrast, IFNγ increased pro-apoptotic TXNIP post-transcriptionally via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and suppression of miR-17, a microRNA that targets and down-regulates TXNIP. In fact, miR-17 knockdown was able to mimic the IFNγ effects on TXNIP, whereas miR-17 overexpression blunted the cytokine effect. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ each have distinct and in part opposing effects on β-cell TXNIP expression. These findings thereby provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of TXNIP and β-cell biology and reveal novel links between proinflammatory cytokines, carbohydrate response element binding protein-mediated transcription, and microRNA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Guanlan Xu
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Truman B Grayson
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Anath Shalev
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Zhang Y, Storr SJ, Johnson K, Green AR, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Morgan DAL, Martin SG. Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12936-49. [PMID: 25427448 PMCID: PMC4350336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is under evaluation as a potential anticancer agent. Expression of total and phospho(Thr172)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α (AMPKα and pAMPKα(Thr172) respectively), a main metformin target, was examined in radiotherapy treated breast cancers and metformin's ability to modulate Trx system expression and breast cancer radiosensitivity evaluated in vitro. AMPKα and pAMPKα(Thr172) expression was assessed using a discovery (n=166) and validation cohort (n=609). Metformin's role in regulating radioresponse, and Trx family expression, was examined via clonogenic assays and Western blots. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. High AMPKα expression associated with improved local recurrence-free (P=0.019), relapse-free (P=0.016) and breast cancer-specific survival (P=0.000065) and was, from multivariate analysis, an independent prognostic factor from the discovery cohort. From the validation cases AMPKα expression associated with relapse-free and breast cancer-specific survival in luminal breast cancers. Metformin substantially increased radiosensitivity, intracellular ROS levels and reduced Trx expression, in luminal breast cancer cells, but had little effect on basal phenotype cells. In conclusion, high AMPKα expression associates with improved prognosis, especially in luminal breast cancer. Metformin preferentially radiosensitises luminal breast cancer cells, potentially due to alterations to intracellular ROS levels via modulation of Trx family protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kerstie Johnson
- Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A L Morgan
- Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Li X, Kover KL, Heruth DP, Watkins DJ, Moore WV, Jackson K, Zang M, Clements MA, Yan Y. New Insight Into Metformin Action: Regulation of ChREBP and FOXO1 Activities in Endothelial Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1184-94. [PMID: 26147751 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been considered a potential adjunctive therapy in treating poorly controlled type 1 diabetes with obesity and insulin resistance, owing to its potent effects on improving insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism of metformin's vascular protective effects remains obscure. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a key regulator of cellular redox state induced by high-glucose concentration, decreases thioredoxin reductase activity and mediates apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Here we report that high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with induction of TXNIP expression in primary human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose conditions, whereas the metformin treatment suppresses high-glucose-induced TXNIP expression at mRNA and protein levels. We further show that metformin decreases the high-glucose-stimulated nuclear entry rate of two transcription factors, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), as well as their recruitment on the TXNIP promoter. An AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor partially compromised these metformin effects. Our data suggest that endothelial dysfunction resulting from high-glucose concentrations is associated with TXNIP expression. Metformin down-regulates high-glucose-induced TXNIP transcription by inactivating ChREBP and FOXO1 in endothelial cells, partially through AMP-activated protein kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Karen L Kover
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Dara J Watkins
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Wayne V Moore
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Kathyrin Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Mark A Clements
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Yun Yan
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
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Chong CR, Chan WPA, Nguyen TH, Liu S, Procter NEK, Ngo DT, Sverdlov AL, Chirkov YY, Horowitz JD. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: pathophysiology and emerging pharmacotherapeutics in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:347-60. [PMID: 25088927 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, which consists of thioredoxin (Trx), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), has emerged as a major anti-oxidant involved in the maintenance of cellular physiology and survival. Dysregulation in this system has been associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and malignant disorders. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D-upregulated protein or thioredoxin-binding-protein-2, functions as a physiological inhibitor of Trx, and pathological suppression of Trx by TXNIP has been demonstrated in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, TXNIP effects are partially Trx-independent; these include direct activation of inflammation and inhibition of glucose uptake. Many of the effects of TXNIP are initiated by its dissociation from intra-nuclear binding with Trx or other SH-containing proteins: these effects include its migration to cytoplasm, modulating stress responses in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and also potentially activating apoptotic pathways. TXNIP also interacts with the nitric oxide (NO) signaling system, with apparent suppression of NO effect. TXNIP production is modulated by redox stress, glucose levels, hypoxia and several inflammatory activators. In recent studies, it has been shown that therapeutic agents including insulin, metformin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers reduce TXNIP expression, although it is uncertain to what extent TXNIP suppression contributes to their clinical efficacy. This review addresses the role of TXNIP in health and in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Finally, the potential advantages (and disadvantages) of pharmacological suppression of TXNIP in cardiovascular disease and diabetes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher-Rin Chong
- Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Zhao YC, Zhu J, Song GY, Li XS. Relationship between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and islet β-cell dysfunction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4363-8. [PMID: 26064354 PMCID: PMC4443188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the relationship between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and pancreatic β-cell function in patients with impaired glucose regulation and patients with both impaired glucose regulation and hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS We analyzed a population of 90 patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 87 patients with IGR and hypertriglyceridemia, and 90 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The levels of plasma TXNIP, a regulator of cellular oxidative stress, were measured. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate insulin resistance in all subjects. In addition, two factors (HOMA for β-cell function [HOMA-β]) and first-phase insulin response [FPIR]) were used to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function. The correlations between the plasma levels of TXNIP, insulin resistance, and islet β-cell dysfunction were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with NGT, patients with IGR had significantly lower HOMA-β and FPIR, and higher plasma levels of TXNIP. Compared with the IGR group, patients with both IGR and hypertriglyceridemia had significantly lower HOMA-β and FPIR, and higher plasma levels of TXNIP. There was also a negative correlation between TXNIP and HOMA-β or FPIR, and a positive correlation between TXNIP and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS These data showed that the level of TXNIP is increased in patients with IGR and patients with both IGR and hypertriglyceridemia, islet β-cell dysfunction was related to the increased TXNIP in IGR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cai Zhao
- Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Room, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco 94143, CA
| | - Guang-Yao Song
- Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Room, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General HospitalHebei Province, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
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Riahi Y, Kaiser N, Cohen G, Abd-Elrahman I, Blum G, Shapira OM, Koler T, Simionescu M, Sima AV, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K, Orioli M, Aldini G, Cerasi E, Leibowitz G, Sasson S. Foam cell-derived 4-hydroxynonenal induces endothelial cell senescence in a TXNIP-dependent manner. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1887-99. [PMID: 25754218 PMCID: PMC4549039 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) senescence is considered an early event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Stressful stimuli, in particular oxidative stress, have been linked to premature senescence in the vasculature. Foam cells are a major source of reactive oxygen species and may play a role in the induction of VEC senescence; hence, we investigated their involvement in the induction of VEC senescence in a co-culture transwell system. Primary bovine aortic endothelial cells, exposed to the secretome of THP-1 monocyte-derived foam cells, were analysed for the induction of senescence. Senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of p16 and p21 were increased, whereas phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein was reduced. This senescent phenotype was mediated by 4-hydroxnonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation product secreted from foam cells; scavenging of 4-HNE in the co-culture medium blunted this effect. Furthermore, both foam cells and 4-HNE increased the expression of the pro-oxidant thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Molecular manipulation of TXNIP expression confirmed its involvement in foam cell-induced senescence. Previous studies showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ was activated by 4-hydroalkenals, such as 4-HNE. Pharmacological interventions supported the involvement of the 4-HNE-PPARδ axis in the induction of TXNIP and VEC senescence. The association of TXNIP with VEC senescence was further supported by immunofluorescent staining of human carotid plaques in which the expression of both TXNIP and p21 was augmented in endothelial cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that foam cell-released 4-HNE activates PPARδ in VEC, leading to increased TXNIP expression and consequently to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Riahi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Kaiser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ihab Abd-Elrahman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oz M Shapira
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Koler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology N. Simionescu of The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca V Sima
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology N. Simionescu of The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marica Orioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erol Cerasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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45
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Hur KY, Lee MS. New mechanisms of metformin action: Focusing on mitochondria and the gut. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 6:600-9. [PMID: 26543531 PMCID: PMC4627534 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most well-known mechanism of metformin action, one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation; however, recent investigations have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-independent pathways can explain some of metformin's beneficial metabolic effects as well as undesirable side-effects. Such novel pathways include induction of mitochondrial stress, inhibition of mitochondrial shuttles, alteration of intestinal microbiota, suppression of glucagon signaling, activation of autophagy, attenuation of inflammasome activation, induction of incretin receptors and reduction of terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of antidiabetic agents as well as the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes itself. The results of such investigations might help to identify new target molecules and pathways for treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and could also have broad implications in diseases other than diabetes. Accordingly, new antidiabetic drugs with better efficacy and fewer adverse effects will likely result from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea
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Voisin S, Almén MS, Moschonis G, Chrousos GP, Manios Y, Schiöth HB. Dietary fat quality impacts genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in a cross-sectional study of Greek preadolescents. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:654-62. [PMID: 25074463 PMCID: PMC4402618 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The type and the amount of dietary fat have a significant influence on the metabolic pathways involved in the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unknown to what extent this modulation is achieved through DNA methylation. We assessed the effects of cholesterol intake, the proportion of energy intake derived from fat, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA), the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to SFA, and the ratio of MUFA+PUFA to SFA on genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in normal-weight and obese children. We determined the genome-wide methylation profile in the blood of 69 Greek preadolescents (∼10 years old) as well as their dietary intake for two consecutive weekdays and one weekend day. The methylation levels of one CpG island shore and four sites were significantly correlated with total fat intake. The methylation levels of 2 islands, 11 island shores and 16 sites were significantly correlated with PUFA/SFA; of 9 islands, 26 island shores and 158 sites with MUFA/SFA; and of 10 islands, 40 island shores and 130 sites with (MUFA+PUFA)/SFA. We found significant gene enrichment in 34 pathways for PUFA/SFA, including the leptin pathway, and a significant enrichment in 5 pathways for (MUFA+PUFA)/SFA. Our results suggest that specific changes in DNA methylation may have an important role in the mechanisms involved in the physiological responses to different types of dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Voisin
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus S Almén
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Shalev A. Minireview: Thioredoxin-interacting protein: regulation and function in the pancreatic β-cell. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1211-20. [PMID: 24911120 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for insulin production, and loss of functional β-cell mass is now recognized as a critical step in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the factors controlling the life and death of the pancreatic β-cell have only started to be elucidated. Discovered as the top glucose-induced gene in a human islet microarray study 12 years ago, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has now emerged as such a key player in pancreatic β-cell biology. Since then, β-cell expression of TXNIP has been found to be tightly regulated by multiple factors and to be dramatically increased in diabetic islets. Elevated TXNIP levels induce β-cell apoptosis, whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against type 1 and type 2 diabetes by promoting β-cell survival. TXNIP interacts with and inhibits thioredoxin and thereby controls the cellular redox state, but it also belongs to the α-arrestin family of proteins and regulates a variety of metabolic processes. Most recently, TXNIP has been discovered to control β-cell microRNA expression, β-cell function, and insulin production. In this review, the current state of knowledge regarding regulation and function of TXNIP in the pancreatic β-cell and the implications for drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Chen J, Jing G, Xu G, Shalev A. Thioredoxin-interacting protein stimulates its own expression via a positive feedback loop. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:674-80. [PMID: 24628418 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has emerged as a key regulator of important cellular processes including redox state, inflammation, and apoptosis and plays a particularly critical role in pancreatic β-cell biology and diabetes development. High glucose and diabetes induce TXNIP expression, whereas inhibition of TXNIP expression or TXNIP deficiency protects against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and diabetes. We now have discovered that TXNIP stimulates its own expression by promoting dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of its transcription factor, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), resulting in a positive feedback loop as well as regulation of other ChREBP target genes playing important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering the detrimental effects of elevated TXNIP in β-cell biology, this novel pathway sheds new light onto the vicious cycle of increased TXNIP, leading to even more TXNIP expression, oxidative stress, inflammation, β-cell apoptosis, and diabetes progression. Moreover, the results demonstrate, for the first time, that TXNIP modulates ChREBP activity and thereby uncover a previously unappreciated link between TXNIP signaling and cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Thioredoxin-mimetic peptide CB3 lowers MAPKinase activity in the Zucker rat brain. Redox Biol 2014; 2:447-56. [PMID: 24624334 PMCID: PMC3949098 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a high risk factor for dementia. High glucose may be a risk factor for dementia even among persons without diabetes, and in transgenic animals it has been shown to cause a potentiation of indices that are pre-symptomatic of Alzheimer's disease. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking inflammatory events elicited in the brain during oxidative stress and diabetes, we monitored the activation of mitogen-activated kinsase (MAPKs), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAP kinases (p38MAPK), and extracellular activating kinsae1/2 (ERK1/2) and the anti-inflammatory effects of the thioredoxin mimetic (TxM) peptides, Ac-Cys-Pro-Cys-amide (CB3) and Ac-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-amide (CB4) in the brain of male leptin-receptor-deficient Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Daily i.p. injection of CB3 to ZDF rats inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK, and prevented the expression of thioredoxin-interacting-protein (TXNIP/TBP-2) in ZDF rat brain. Although plasma glucose/insulin remained high, CB3 also increased the phosphorylation of AMP-ribose activating kinase (AMPK) and inhibited p70S6K kinase in the brain. Both CB3 and CB4 reversed apoptosis induced by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase as monitored by decreasing caspase 3 cleavage and PARP dissociation in SH-SY5Y cells. The decrease in JNK and p38MAPK activity in the absence of a change in plasma glucose implies a decrease in oxidative or neuroinflammatory stress in the ZDF rat brain. CB3 not only attenuated MAPK phosphorylation and activated AMPK in the brain, but it also diminished apoptotic markers, most likely acting via the MAPK–AMPK–mTOR pathway. These results were correlated with CB3 and CB4 inhibiting inflammation progression and protection from oxidative stress induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells. We suggest that by attenuating neuro-inflammatory processes in the brain Trx1 mimetic peptides could become beneficial for preventing neurological disorders associated with diabetes. Thioredoxin mimeitics peptides (TXM) lower apoptosis in the brain of ZDF rat. TxM peptides prevent TXNIP/TBP-2 expression in the brain of ZDF rat. TxM peptides could become beneficial for preventing diabetes associated neurological disorders.
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50
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MondoA senses adenine nucleotides: transcriptional induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein. Biochem J 2013; 453:209-18. [PMID: 23631812 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The MondoA-Mlx transcription complex plays a pivotal role in glucose homoeostasis by activating target gene expression in response to G6P (glucose 6-phosphate), the first reaction intermediate in glycolysis. TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) is a direct and glucose-responsive target of MondoA that triggers a negative-feedback loop by restricting glucose uptake when G6P levels increase. We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine. Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdowns of purine metabolic enzymes, we establish that TXNIP induction by AICAR and adenosine requires their cellular uptake and metabolism to adenine nucleotides. AICAR induction of TXNIP depended on MondoA, but was independent of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and calcium. The findings of the present study have two important implications. First, in addition to activating AMPK, AICAR may have AMPK-independent effects on gene expression by regulating MondoA-Mlx activity following its flux into the adenine nucleotide pool. Secondly, MondoA-Mlx complexes sense elevated levels of G6P and adenine nucleotides to trigger a TXNIP-dependent feedback inhibition of glycolysis. We propose that this mechanism serves as a checkpoint to restore metabolic homoeostasis.
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