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Kisiel B, Kruszewski R, Juszkiewicz A, Raczkiewicz A, Bachta A, Kłos K, Duda K, Maliborski A, Szymański K, Płoski R, Saracyn M, Niemczyk S, Kisiel K, Tłustochowicz M, Tłustochowicz W. Common atherosclerosis genetic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: the relevance of disease duration. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:327-336. [PMID: 30374689 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased cardiovascular morbidity. Several previous studies assessed associations between common atherosclerotic genetic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in RA patients, yet most of them gave negative results. We undertook a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between previously reported SNPs and subclinical atherosclerosis in a cohort of Polish RA patients. 29 SNPs associated with atherosclerosis in general population were genotyped in 289 RA patients: 116 patients with SA (increased carotid intima-media thickness and/or presence of carotid plaque) and 173 patients without SA. To assess the cumulative effect of SNPs we calculated 3 weighted genetic risk scores: GRSIMT, GRSCP and GRSCAD, comprising intima-media thickness-associated SNPs, carotid plaque-associated SNPs and coronary artery disease-associated SNPs, respectively. None of the SNPs showed a significant association with SA. However, we found an association between SA and GRSIMT. Interestingly, this association was limited to patients with short disease duration (P = 0.00004 vs. P > 0.5, for comparison of GRSIMT among patients within the 1st quartile of disease duration vs. others, respectively). Patients within the 1st quartile of disease duration were more frequently disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)-naïve and less frequently treated with biologics. Our study suggests that in patients with early RA subclinical atherosclerosis may be driven by similar genetic factors as in general population, while in long-lasting disease, the role common genetic risk factors may decrease. Possibly, this effect may be due to the influence of DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Kisiel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Robert Kruszewski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Juszkiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Raczkiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Artur Bachta
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kłos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Duda
- Department of Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Artur Maliborski
- Department of Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Konrad Szymański
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Saracyn
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisiel
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Center of Dermatology, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, ul. Bursztynowa 2, 04-749, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tłustochowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Witold Tłustochowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warszawa, Poland
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Dogan MV, Grumbach IM, Michaelson JJ, Philibert RA. Integrated genetic and epigenetic prediction of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Heart Study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190549. [PMID: 29293675 PMCID: PMC5749823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved method for detecting coronary heart disease (CHD) could have substantial clinical impact. Building on the idea that systemic effects of CHD risk factors are a conglomeration of genetic and environmental factors, we use machine learning techniques and integrate genetic, epigenetic and phenotype data from the Framingham Heart Study to build and test a Random Forest classification model for symptomatic CHD. Our classifier was trained on n = 1,545 individuals and consisted of four DNA methylation sites, two SNPs, age and gender. The methylation sites and SNPs were selected during the training phase. The final trained model was then tested on n = 142 individuals. The test data comprised of individuals removed based on relatedness to those in the training dataset. This integrated classifier was capable of classifying symptomatic CHD status of those in the test set with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 78%, 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. In contrast, a model using only conventional CHD risk factors as predictors had an accuracy and sensitivity of only 65% and 0.42, respectively, but with a specificity of 0.89 in the test set. Regression analyses of the methylation signatures illustrate our ability to map these signatures to known risk factors in CHD pathogenesis. These results demonstrate the capability of an integrated approach to effectively model symptomatic CHD status. These results also suggest that future studies of biomaterial collected from longitudinally informative cohorts that are specifically characterized for cardiac disease at follow-up could lead to the introduction of sensitive, readily employable integrated genetic-epigenetic algorithms for predicting onset of future symptomatic CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeshanthini V. Dogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Cardio Diagnostics LLC, Coralville, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jacob J. Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Philibert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Behavioral Diagnostics LLC, Coralville, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Putman RK, Gudmundsson G, Araki T, Nishino M, Sigurdsson S, Gudmundsson EF, Eiríksdottír G, Aspelund T, Ross JC, San José Estépar R, Miller ER, Yamada Y, Yanagawa M, Tomiyama N, Launer LJ, Harris TB, El-Chemaly S, Raby BA, Cho MH, Rosas IO, Washko GR, Schwartz DA, Silverman EK, Gudnason V, Hatabu H, Hunninghake GM. The MUC5B promoter polymorphism is associated with specific interstitial lung abnormality subtypes. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/3/1700537. [PMID: 28893869 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00537-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The MUC5B promoter polymorphism (rs35705950) has been associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in white participants from the general population; whether these findings are replicated and influenced by the ILA subtype is not known. We evaluated the associations between the MUC5B genotype and ILA in cohorts with extensive imaging characterisation.We performed ILA phenotyping and MUC5B promoter genotyping in 5308 and 9292 participants from the AGES-Reykjavik and COPDGene cohorts, respectively.We found that ILA was present in 7% of participants from the AGES-Reykjavik, 8% of non-Hispanic white participants from COPDGene and 7% of African-American participants from COPDGene. Although the MUC5B genotype was strongly associated (after correction for multiple testing) with ILA (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.4, p=1×10-26), there was evidence of significant heterogeneity between cohorts (I2=81%). When narrowed to specific radiologic subtypes, (e.g. subpleural ILA), the MUC5B genotype remained strongly associated (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-3.1, p=1×10-30) with minimal heterogeneity (I2=0%). Although there was no evidence that the MUC5B genotype influenced survival, there was evidence that MUC5B genotype improved risk prediction for possible usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or a UIP pattern in non-Hispanic white populations.The MUC5B promoter polymorphism is strongly associated with ILA and specific radiologic subtypes of ILA, with varying degrees of heterogeneity in the underlying populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Putman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Faculty of Medicine, Landspital University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tetsuro Araki
- Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mizuki Nishino
- Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - James C Ross
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Surgical Planning Laboratory, Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Surgical Planning Laboratory, Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ezra R Miller
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edwin K Silverman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hiroto Hatabu
- Dept of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e146-e603. [PMID: 28122885 PMCID: PMC5408160 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6094] [Impact Index Per Article: 870.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Shahid SU, Shabana, Cooper JA, Beaney KE, Li K, Rehman A, Humphries SE. Genetic risk analysis of coronary artery disease in Pakistani subjects using a genetic risk score of 21 variants. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:1-7. [PMID: 28167353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Conventional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors like age, gender, blood lipids, hypertension and smoking have been the basis of CAD risk prediction algorithms, but provide only modest discrimination. Genetic risk score (GRS) may provide improved discrimination over and above conventional risk factors. Here we analyzed the genetic risk of CAD in subjects from Pakistan, using a GRS of 21 variants in 18 genes and examined whether the GRS is associated with blood lipid levels. METHODS 625 (405 cases and 220 controls) subjects were genotyped for variants, NOS3 rs1799983, SMAD3 rs17228212, APOB rs1042031, LPA rs3798220, LPA rs10455872, SORT1 rs646776, APOE rs429358, GLUL rs10911021, FTO rs9939609, MIA3 rs17465637, CDKN2Ars10757274, DAB2IP rs7025486, CXCL12 rs1746048, ACE rs4341, APOA5 rs662799, CETP rs708272, MRAS rs9818870, LPL rs328, LPL rs1801177, PCSK9 rs11591147 and APOE rs7412 by TaqMan and KASPar allele discrimination techniques. RESULTS Individually, the single SNPs were not associated with CAD except APOB rs1042031 and FTO rs993969 (p = 0.01 and 0.009 respectively). However, the combined GRS of 21 SNPs was significantly higher in cases than controls (19.37 ± 2.56 vs. 18.47 ± 2.45, p = 2.9 × 10-5), and compared to the bottom quintile, CAD risk in the top quintile of the GRS was 2.96 (95% CI 1.71-5.13). Atherogenic blood lipids showed significant positive association with GRS. CONCLUSIONS The GRS was quantitatively associated with CAD risk and showed association with blood lipid levels, suggesting that the mechanism of these variants is likely to be, in part at least, through creating an atherogenic lipid profile in subjects carrying high numbers of risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Katherine E Beaney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Kawah Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
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6
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Improved prediction of complex diseases by common genetic markers: state of the art and further perspectives. Hum Genet 2016; 135:259-72. [PMID: 26839113 PMCID: PMC4759222 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reliable risk assessment of frequent, but treatable diseases and disorders has considerable clinical and socio-economic relevance. However, as these conditions usually originate from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, precise prediction remains a considerable challenge. The current progress in genotyping technology has resulted in a substantial increase of knowledge regarding the genetic basis of such diseases and disorders. Consequently, common genetic risk variants are increasingly being included in epidemiological models to improve risk prediction. This work reviews recent high-quality publications targeting the prediction of common complex diseases. To be included in this review, articles had to report both, numerical measures of prediction performance based on traditional (non-genetic) risk factors, as well as measures of prediction performance when adding common genetic variants to the model. Systematic PubMed-based search finally identified 55 eligible studies. These studies were compared with respect to the chosen approach and methodology as well as results and clinical impact. Phenotypes analysed included tumours, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. All studies applied one or more statistical measures reporting on calibration, discrimination, or reclassification to quantify the benefit of including SNPs, but differed substantially regarding the methodological details that were reported. Several examples for improved risk assessments by considering disease-related SNPs were identified. Although the add-on benefit of including SNP genotyping data was mostly moderate, the strategy can be of clinical relevance and may, when being paralleled by an even deeper understanding of disease-related genetics, further explain the development of enhanced predictive and diagnostic strategies for complex diseases.
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Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Epigenetic Drift within the Cardiovascular Compartment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2465763. [PMID: 26942189 PMCID: PMC4749768 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2465763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers encompass a wide range of different measurable indicators, representing a tangible link to physiological changes occurring within the body. Accessibility, sensitivity, and specificity are significant factors in biomarker suitability. New biomarkers continue to be discovered, and questions over appropriate selection and assessment of their usefulness remain. If traditional markers of inflammation are not sufficiently robust in their specificity, then perhaps alternative means of detection may provide more information. Epigenetic drift (epigenetic modifications as they occur as a direct function with age), and its ancillary elements, including platelets, secreted microvesicles (MVs), and microRNA (miRNA), may hold enormous predictive potential. The majority of epigenetic drift observed in blood is independent of variations in blood cell composition, addressing concerns affecting traditional blood-based biomarker efficacy. MVs are found in plasma and other biological fluids in healthy individuals. Altered MV/miRNA profiles may also be found in individuals with various diseases. Platelets are also highly reflective of physiological and lifestyle changes, making them extremely sensitive biomarkers of human health. Platelets release increased levels of MVs in response to various stimuli and under a plethora of disease states, which demonstrate a functional effect on other cell types.
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8
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Potenciano V, Abad-Grau MM, Alcina A, Matesanz F. A comparison of genomic profiles of complex diseases under different models. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:3. [PMID: 26782991 PMCID: PMC4717655 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various approaches are being used to predict individual risk to polygenic diseases from data provided by genome-wide association studies. As there are substantial differences between the diseases investigated, the data sets used and the way they are tested, it is difficult to assess which models are more suitable for this task. Results We compared different approaches for seven complex diseases provided by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) under a within-study validation approach. Risk models were inferred using a variety of learning machines and assumptions about the underlying genetic model, including a haplotype-based approach with different haplotype lengths and different thresholds in association levels to choose loci as part of the predictive model. In accordance with previous work, our results generally showed low accuracy considering disease heritability and population prevalence. However, the boosting algorithm returned a predictive area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.8805 for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 0.8087 for rheumatoid arthritis, both clearly over the AUC obtained by other approaches and over 0.75, which is the minimum required for a disease to be successfully tested on a sample at risk, which means that boosting is a promising approach. Its good performance seems to be related to its robustness to redundant data, as in the case of genome-wide data sets due to linkage disequilibrium. Conclusions In view of our results, the boosting approach may be suitable for modeling individual predisposition to Type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis based on genome-wide data and should be considered for more in-depth research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0157-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Potenciano
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, ETSIIT, c/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - María Mar Abad-Grau
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, ETSIIT, c/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biología Molecular, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 133:e38-360. [PMID: 26673558 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3736] [Impact Index Per Article: 415.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Asociación entre variantes genéticas de enfermedad coronaria y aterosclerosis subclínica: estudio de asociación y metanálisis. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Swerdlow DI, Hingorani AD, Humphries SE. Genetic Risk Factors and Mendelian Randomization in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2015; 17:33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zabalza M, Subirana I, Lluis-Ganella C, Sayols-Baixeras S, de Groot E, Arnold R, Cenarro A, Ramos R, Marrugat J, Elosua R. Association Between Coronary Artery Disease Genetic Variants and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: An Association Study and Meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:869-77. [PMID: 25804320 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies have identified several genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease. Some of these genetic variants are not associated with classical cardiovascular risk factors and the mechanism of such associations is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine whether these genetic variants are related to subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness, carotid stiffness, and ankle brachial index. METHODS A cross-sectional study nested in the follow-up of the REGICOR cohort was undertaken. The study included 2667 individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis measurements were performed with standardized methods. Nine genetic variants were genotyped to assess associations with subclinical atherosclerosis, individually and in a weighted genetic risk score. A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies that analyzed these associations was undertaken. RESULTS Neither the selected genetic variants nor the genetic risk score were significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. In the meta-analysis, the rs1746048 (CXCL12; n = 10581) risk allele was directly associated with carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.008; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.015), whereas the rs6725887 (WDR12; n = 7801) risk allele was inversely associated with this thickness (β = -0.013; 95% confidence interval, -0.024 to -0.003). CONCLUSIONS The analyzed genetic variants seem to mediate their association with coronary artery disease through different mechanisms. Our results generate the hypothesis that the CXCL12 variant appears to influence coronary artery disease risk through arterial remodeling and thickening, whereas the WDR12 risk variant could be related to higher plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Zabalza
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Lluis-Ganella
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric de Groot
- Academic Medical Center, Thoracic Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Imagelab Online & Cardiovascular, Science Park, Matrix II, 1.08, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Arnold
- ICICORELAB, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, y Unidad Docente de Medicina de Familia de Girona, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Girona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain.
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Dogan MV, Xiang J, Beach SRH, Cutrona C, Gibbons FX, Simons RL, Brody GH, Stapleton JT, Philibert RA. Ethnicity and Smoking-Associated DNA Methylation Changes at HIV Co-Receptor GPR15. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:132. [PMID: 26441693 PMCID: PMC4585036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with poorer health outcomes for both African and European Americans. In order to better understand whether ethnic-specific genetic variation may underlie some of these differences, we compared the smoking-associated genome-wide methylation signatures of African Americans with those of European Americans, and followed up this analysis with a focused examination of the most ethnically divergent locus, cg19859270, at the GPR15 gene. We examined the association of methylation at this locus to the rs2230344 SNP and GPR15 gene and protein expression. Consistent with prior analyses, AHRR residue cg05575921 was the most differentially methylated residue in both African Americans and European Americans. However, the second most differentially methylated locus in African Americans, cg19859270, was only modestly differentially methylated in European Americans. Interrogation of the methylation status of this CpG residue found in GPR15, a chemokine receptor involved in HIV pathogenesis, showed a significant interaction of ethnicity with smoking as well as a marginal effect of genotype at rs2230344, a neighboring non-synonymous SNP, but only among African Americans. Gene and protein expression analyses showed that demethylation at cg19859270 was associated with an increase in both mRNA and protein levels. Since GPR15 is involved in the early stages of viral replication for some HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, and the prevalence of HIV is increased in African Americans and smokers, these data support a possible role for GPR15 in the ethnically dependent differential prevalence of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeshanthini V Dogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City Veterans Affairs , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Carolyn Cutrona
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University , Ames, IA , USA
| | | | - Ronald L Simons
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City Veterans Affairs , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Robert A Philibert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 131:e29-322. [PMID: 25520374 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4464] [Impact Index Per Article: 446.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- From the Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Shendre A, Irvin MR, Aouizerat BE, Wiener HW, Vazquez AI, Anastos K, Lazar J, Liu C, Karim R, Limdi NA, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Zhi D, Kaplan RC, Shrestha S. RYR3 gene variants in subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:666-672. [PMID: 24561552 PMCID: PMC3965606 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) gene are associated with common carotid intima media thickness (CCA cIMT) in HIV-infected men. We evaluated SNPs in the RYR3 gene among HIV-infected women participating in Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS CCA cIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound and the 838 SNPs in the RYR3 gene region were genotyped using the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-quad beadchip. The CCA cIMT genetic association was assessed using linear regression analyses among 1213 women and also separately among White (n=139), Black (n=720) and Hispanic (n=354) women after adjusting for confounders. A summary measure of pooled association was estimated using a meta-analytic approach by combining the effect estimates from the three races. Haploblocks were inferred using Gabriel's method and haplotype association analyses were conducted among the three races separately. RESULTS SNP rs62012610 was associated with CCA cIMT among the Hispanics (p=4.41×10(-5)), rs11856930 among Whites (p=5.62×10(-4)), and rs2572204 among Blacks (p=2.45×10(-3)). Meta-analysis revealed several associations of SNPs in the same direction and of similar magnitude, particularly among Blacks and Hispanics. Additionally, several haplotypes within three haploblocks containing SNPs previously related with CCA cIMT were also associated in Whites and Hispanics. DISCUSSION Consistent with previous research among HIV-infected men, SNPs within the RYR3 region were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected women. Allelic heterogeneity observed across the three races suggests that the contribution of the RYR3 gene to CCA cIMT is complex, and warrants future studies to better understand regional SNP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jason Lazar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Roksana Karim
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mardge H Cohen
- Department of Medicine, John Stroger Hospital and Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129:e28-e292. [PMID: 24352519 PMCID: PMC5408159 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3531] [Impact Index Per Article: 353.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Fornage M, Bis JC, Choi SH, Psaty BM, Meigs JB, Rao M, Nalls M, Fontes JD, O'Donnell CJ, Kathiresan S, Ehret GB, Fox CS, Malik R, Dichgans M, Schmidt H, Lahti J, Heckbert SR, Lumley T, Rice K, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Folsom AR, Boerwinkle E, Rosamond WD, Shahar E, Gottesman RF, Koudstaal PJ, Amin N, Wieberdink RG, Dehghan A, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Destefano AL, Debette S, Xue L, Beiser A, Wolf PA, Decarli C, Ikram MA, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Longstreth WT, van Duijn CM, Launer LJ. Predicting stroke through genetic risk functions: the CHARGE Risk Score Project. Stroke 2014; 45:403-12. [PMID: 24436238 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Beyond the Framingham Stroke Risk Score, prediction of future stroke may improve with a genetic risk score (GRS) based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with stroke and its risk factors. METHODS The study includes 4 population-based cohorts with 2047 first incident strokes from 22,720 initially stroke-free European origin participants aged ≥55 years, who were followed for up to 20 years. GRSs were constructed with 324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in stroke and 9 risk factors. The association of the GRS to first incident stroke was tested using Cox regression; the GRS predictive properties were assessed with area under the curve statistics comparing the GRS with age and sex, Framingham Stroke Risk Score models, and reclassification statistics. These analyses were performed per cohort and in a meta-analysis of pooled data. Replication was sought in a case-control study of ischemic stroke. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, adding the GRS to the Framingham Stroke Risk Score, age and sex model resulted in a significant improvement in discrimination (all stroke: Δjoint area under the curve=0.016, P=2.3×10(-6); ischemic stroke: Δjoint area under the curve=0.021, P=3.7×10(-7)), although the overall area under the curve remained low. In all the studies, there was a highly significantly improved net reclassification index (P<10(-4)). CONCLUSIONS The single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with stroke and its risk factors result only in a small improvement in prediction of future stroke compared with the classical epidemiological risk factors for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (C.A.I.-V., P.J.K., N.A., R.G.W., A.D., A.H., A.G.U., C.M.v.D.), Neurology (C.A.I.-V., P.J.K., R.G.W., M.A.I.), Internal Medicine (A.G.U.), and Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands (C.A.I.-V., N.A., C.M.v.D.); Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F., E.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.C.B., B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., S.R.H., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), Biostatistics (K.R.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (S.H.C., A.L.D., S.D., L.X., A.B., P.A.W.); Department of Neurology (S.H.C., A.L.D., S.D., L.X., A.B., P.A.W., S.S.) and Cardiology section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (J.D.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (S.H.C., J.D.F, C.J.O., C.S.F., A.L.D., S.D., L.X., A.B., P.A.W., S.S.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School General Medicine Division (J.B.M.), Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division (S.K.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (S.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Division of Nephrology/Tufts Evidence Practice Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.R.); Laboratory of Neurogenetics (M.N.) and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge (S.K.); Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Na
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Abstract
The world is facing an epidemic rise in diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence, which is challenging health funders, health systems, clinicians, and patients to understand and respond to a flood of research and knowledge. Evidence-based guidelines provide uniform management recommendations for "average" patients that rarely take into account individual variation in susceptibility to DM, to its complications, and responses to pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Personalized medicine combines bioinformatics with genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, pharmacogenomic ("omics") and other new technologies to explore pathophysiology and to characterize more precisely an individual's risk for disease, as well as response to interventions. In this review we will introduce readers to personalized medicine as applied to DM, in particular the use of clinical, genetic, metabolic, and other markers of risk for DM and its chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications, as well as insights into variations in response to and tolerance of commonly used medications, dietary changes, and exercise. These advances in "omic" information and techniques also provide clues to potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry S. Glauber
- Department of Endocrinology, Northwest Permanente, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Galil Center for Telemedicine, Medical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, RB Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Eddy Karnieli
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel and
- Galil Center for Telemedicine, Medical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, RB Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Berezin A, Kremzer A. Circulating osteopontin as a marker of early coronary vascular calcification in type two diabetes mellitus patients with known asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:475-81. [PMID: 23880208 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Biomarkers and Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease: What is the Current Evidence? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-013-0297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Main findings from the prospective Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:57-64. [PMID: 23069987 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835a7ed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive overview on the main findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. This prospective multicenter study initiated in 1980 (N = 3596, baseline age 3-18 years) has followed up study participants over 30 years to investigate childhood risk factors for cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. RECENT FINDINGS Childhood BMI, socioeconomic status, parental risk factor status, as well as genetic polymorphisms are independent predictors of adult obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results from the Young Finns Study and other follow-up studies have shown that conventional childhood risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, elevated blood pressure and smoking, are predictive of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. Recent findings suggest that childhood lifestyle (diet, physical activity) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression in adulthood. Concerning the timing of risk factor measurements, they seem to be predictive of adult atherosclerosis from the age of 9 onwards. From a clinical point of view, a recent observation suggesting that the adverse cardiometabolic effects of childhood overweight/obesity are reversed among those who become nonobese adults, provides optimism during the days of obesity epidemic. SUMMARY Current data suggest that childhood risk factors are associated with higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. Future studies among aging cohorts followed since childhood will provide data on their influence on clinical cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Juonala
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, Turku, Finland.
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Galve E, Castro A, Cordero A, Dalmau R, Fácila L, García-Romero A, Mazón P, Sanmartín M, Alonso García A. Update in cardiology: Vascular risk and cardiac rehabilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:124-30. [PMID: 24775386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of premature death in developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, surveys show that most patients still do not achieve the lifestyles, risk factor levels, and therapeutic targets recommended in primary and secondary prevention. The present update reflects the most recent novelties in risk classification and estimation of risk and documents the latest changes in fields such as smoking, diet and nutrition, physical activity, lipids, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular rehabilitation, based on experimental trials and population-based observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Galve
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto Cordero
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Regina Dalmau
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fácila
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Mazón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, Bravata DM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Magid D, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Schreiner PJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 127:e6-e245. [PMID: 23239837 PMCID: PMC5408511 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3357] [Impact Index Per Article: 305.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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