1
|
Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Cervi E, Mone P, Santulli G. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Bromelain: Applications, Benefits, and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:2060. [PMID: 38999808 PMCID: PMC11243481 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes primarily extracted from the fruit and stem of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has a long history of traditional medicinal use in various cultures, particularly in Central and South America, where pineapple is native. This systematic review will delve into the history, structure, chemical properties, and medical indications of bromelain. Bromelain was first isolated and described in the late 19th century by researchers in Europe, who identified its proteolytic properties. Since then, bromelain has gained recognition in both traditional and modern medicine for its potential therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria V. Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cervi
- Vein Clinic, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Casa di Cura “Montevergine”, 83013 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Minniti G, Bechara MD, de Castro MVM, Dias JA, Laurindo LF. Unraveling the rationale and conducting a comprehensive assessment of KD025 (Belumosudil) as a candidate drug for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation-a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2681-2699. [PMID: 37966572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are crucial during the adipocyte differentiation process. KD025 (Belumosudil) is a newly developed inhibitor that selectively targets ROCK2. It has exhibited consistent efficacy in impeding adipogenesis across a spectrum of in vitro models of adipogenic differentiation. Given the novelty of this treatment, a comprehensive systematic review has not been conducted yet. This systematic review aims to fill this knowledge void by providing readers with an extensive examination of the rationale behind KD025 and its impacts on adipogenesis. Preclinical evidence was gathered owing to the absence of clinical trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study's quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. In various in vitro models, such as 3T3-L1 cells, human orbital fibroblasts, and human adipose-derived stem cells, KD025 demonstrated potent anti-adipogenic actions. At a molecular level, KD025 had significant effects, including decreasing fibronectin (Fn) expression, inhibiting ROCK2 and CK2 activity, suppressing lipid droplet formation, and reducing the expression of proadipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Additionally, KD025 resulted in the suppression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4 or AP2) expression, a decrease in sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and Glut-4 expression. Emphasis must be placed on the fact that while KD025 shows potential in preclinical studies and experimental models, extensive research is crucial to assess its efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic applications thoroughly and directly in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim Y, Ji H, Ryu D, Cho E, Park D, Jung E. Albizia julibrissin Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Inducing the Browning of 3T3L1 White Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11496. [PMID: 37511251 PMCID: PMC10380714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the Albizia julibrissin Leaf extracts (AJLE) on adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells. AJLE inhibited adipogenesis by reducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) that regulate enzymes involved in fat synthesis and storage, and subsequently reduced intracellular lipid droplets, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and triglyceride (TG). AJLE also increased the expression of brown adipocyte markers, such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), PR/SET domain 16 (PRDM16), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) by inducing the differentiation of brown adipocytes, as shown by a decrease in the lipid droplet sizes and increasing mitochondrial mass. AJLE increased the expression of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and UCP-1 protein expression, all of which are key factors in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. AJLE-induced browning was shown to be regulated by the coordination of AMPK, p38, and SIRT1 signaling pathways. The ability of AJLE to inhibit adipogenesis and induce brown adipocyte differentiation may help treat obesity and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyanggi Ji
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Dehun Ryu
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ayaki S, Mii T, Matsuno K, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Uyama T, Ueda N. β-1,4-Galactan suppresses lipid synthesis in sebaceous gland cells via TLR4. J Biochem 2023; 173:85-94. [PMID: 36288613 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebum is a lipid mixture secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin. The excessive secretion of sebum causes acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, while its deficiency causes xerosis. Therefore, the appropriate control of sebum secretion is crucially important to keep the skin healthy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of naturally occurring polysaccharides on lipid biosynthesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, β-1,4-galactan, the main chain of type I arabinogalactan, most potently suppressed lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland cells as analysed by oil red O staining. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitors counteracted this suppressive effect and lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, mimicked this effect, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In the cells β-1,4-galactan significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related transcription factors (peroxisomeGraphical Abstract$\includegraphics{\bwartpath }$ proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase) as well as the glucose transporter GLUT4. Furthermore, β-1,4-galactan increased the production of lactic acid serving as a natural moisturizing factor and enhanced the proliferation of sebaceous gland cells. These results suggest potential of β-1,4-galactan as a material with therapeutic and cosmetic values for the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mii
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuno
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fiore G, Pascuzzi MC, Di Profio E, Corsello A, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Milanta C, Campoy C, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Bioactive compounds in childhood obesity and associated metabolic complications: Current evidence, controversies and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106599. [PMID: 36503001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents the most frequent chronic disease among children worldwide, with a significant global burden on society. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) can affect children since their first years of life, and novel therapeutic strategies to tackle metabolic complications are under investigation. This review focuses on bioactive compounds and their possible beneficial effects on obesity, particularly omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, biotics, polysaccharide macromolecules, polyphenols, inositols, alpha lipoic acid, and bromelaine. Our aim is to summarize current evidence about bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity, highlighting recent findings on their use in children and adolescents. Most studied molecules are omega-3 and vitamin D, despite the heterogeneity between the studies. Moreover, given the emerging interest in the gut-brain axis in the link between metabolic health and microbiota, various studies on prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and polysaccharide macromolecules have been considered. Some preclinical studies seem to highlight a possible role of the polyphenols, even if their clinical evidence is still discussed. Lastly, we describe possible effects of inositols and alpha-lipoic acid. Despite some dietary supplements seem to be promising in overweight subjects, only in a few of them a dose/response efficacy has been found in the pediatric age. Innovative, well-designed and targeted clinical trials are then needed to prove the beneficial effects of these compounds that could support the standard behavioral therapy for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen CH, Hsia CC, Hu PA, Yeh CH, Chen CT, Peng CL, Wang CH, Lee TS. Bromelain Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Activating the TFEB-Mediated Autophagy and Antioxidant Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:72. [PMID: 36670934 PMCID: PMC9855131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain, a cysteine protease found in pineapple, has beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases; however, its effects in cardiovascular pathophysiology are not fully understood. We investigated the effect of bromelain on atherosclerosis and its regulatory mechanisms in hyperlipidemia and atheroprone apolipoprotein E-null (apoe-/-) mice. Bromelain was orally administered to 16-week-old male apoe-/- mice for four weeks. Daily bromelain administration decreased hyperlipidemia and aortic inflammation, leading to atherosclerosis retardation in apoe-/- mice. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by the promotion of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and autophagy through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated upregulation of autophagy- and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, bromelain decreased oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant capacity and protein expression of antioxidant proteins while downregulating the protein expression of NADPH oxidases and decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, AMPK/TFEB signaling may be crucial in bromelain-mediated anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, effecting the amelioration of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Hsia
- Department of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Po-An Hu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chen
- Department of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Department of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singla RK, Dhonchak K, Sodhi RK, Arockia Babu M, Madan J, Madaan R, Kumar S, Sharma R, Shen B. Bergenin ameliorates cognitive deficits and neuropathological alterations in sodium azide-induced experimental dementia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994018. [PMID: 36249784 PMCID: PMC9556967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound found in the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. along with many other natural resources including that from Bergenia species. The present study delineates the neuroprotective potential of bergenin through the modulation of PPAR-γ receptors. Method: Dementia was induced in the Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sodium azide (12.5 mg/kg for the first 5 days followed by 10 mg/kg for the next 9 days). The rats were then exposed to the Morris water maze test to assess the effect on cognitive abilities followed by a series of biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results: Sodium azide-treated rats exhibited a severe deterioration of memory as suggested by poor performance in the spatial learning task in addition to the enhancement of brain acetylcholinesterase potential, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation. Administration of bergenin to sodium azide-treated rats significantly recovered cognition and related biochemical variations. Further, co-administration of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPAR-γ antagonist with bergenin challenged its neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: The findings of our study exhibit that the cognitive restoration potential of bergenin may be attributed to its modulatory effects against cholinesterase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, as well as its neuroprotective actions, thus aligning it as a possible therapy for Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia. The study also fortifies the significance of PPAR-γ receptors in dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Konika Dhonchak
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Rupinder K. Sodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
| | - M. Arockia Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mandal SK, Kumar BK, Sharma PK, Murugesan S, Deepa P. In silico and in vitro analysis of PPAR – α / γ dual agonists: Comparative evaluation of potential phytochemicals with anti-obesity drug orlistat. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
Cho HH, Jang SH, Won C, Kim CH, Kim HD, Kim TH, Cho JH. Derhamnosylmaysin Inhibits Adipogenesis via Inhibiting Expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134232. [PMID: 35807476 PMCID: PMC9268393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of derhamnosylmaysin (DM) on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our data showed that DM inhibited lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with DM decreased the expression of major transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) family, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the expression of their downstream target genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis, including adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearyl-CoA-desaturase-1 (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was also decreased by treatment with DM during adipogenesis. Additionally, DM attenuated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. These results first demonstrated that DM inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis through downregulation of the key adipogenic transcription factors SREBP-1c, the CEBP family, and PPARγ and inactivation of the major adipogenesis signaling factor Akt, which is intermediated in insulin. These studies demonstrated that DM is a new bioactive compound for antiadipogenic reagents for controlling overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Hee Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Jang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chungkil Won
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chung-Hui Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Hong-Duck Kim
- Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyungsan 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6533 (T.H.K.); +82-55-772-2358 (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6533 (T.H.K.); +82-55-772-2358 (J.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar R, Kumar R, Sharma N, Khurana N, Singh SK, Satija S, Mehta M, Vyas M. Pharmacological evaluation of bromelain in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:19-34. [PMID: 35219781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study elucidates pharmacological evaluation of bromelain as a bioactive compound obtain from pineapple stem belongs to family Bromeliaceae in AlCl3 and D - galactose induced mice. In mice, co-administration of AlCl3 at dose 5 mg/kg b.w., via the oral route, and D - galactose at dose 60 mg/kg b.w., via intraperitoneal route for 90 days resulted in cognitive impairment, spatial learning, and memory deficits, as well as neurotoxicity. However, 30 consecutive days, treatments via an intraperitoneal route with bromelain low dose (Brm L) at dose 10 mg/kg b.w., bromelain high dose (Brm H) at dose 20 mg/kg b.w., donepezil (Dnpz) at dose 2 mg/kg b.w., and Brm L + Dnpz at doses 10, 2 mg/kg b.w. were considerably reversed the effect of AlCl3 and D - galactose induced AD mice. Consequences of behavioral parameters (Morris water maze, elevated plus maze and locomotor), biochemical estimation (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, Nitrite and AChE), and ELISA tests (mouse BACE, Aβ1 - 42, TNF-α, IL-6, and BDNF) confirmed significant (p < 0.05) neuroprotective effect of treatments in AlCl3 and D - galactose induced mice. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin staining of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus exposed eosinophilic lesions and hyperchromatic nuclei in AD mice, but these neurodegenerative effects were eliminated by Brm L, Brm H, Dnpz, and Brm L + Dnpz treatments. Thus, bromelain alone and in combination with donepezil prevent AlCl3 and D - galactose induced spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as cognitive impairment, by increasing cholinergic activity and synaptic plasticity, as well as reducing oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, Aβ 1-42 aggregations, and histopathological damage, according to our findings. The present study consequences indicate that bromelain alone and in combination with donepezil appears to have neuroprotective properties. Henceforward, this may be a promising treatment option for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim DH, Ahn J, Suh Y, Ziouzenkova O, Lee JW, Lee K. Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876031. [PMID: 35493071 PMCID: PMC9047791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol is an essential nutrient in animals. Its metabolites, specifically retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for cell differentiation, including adipogenesis. Retinol binding protein 7 (Rbp7) is under the control of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the role of RBP7 in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study showed that Rbp7 was abundantly expressed in white and brown mouse adipose tissues and had a higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal vascular fraction. Rbp7 overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with increased triglyceride accumulation and up-regulation of Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and AdipoQ. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression, which were rescued by RA supplementation. Indirect assessment of relative nuclear RA levels using RAR response element (RARE)-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased RARE-Luc reporter activity. Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression of those genes involved in retinol metabolism. These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis. Our data indicate critical RBP7 functions in adipocytes: regulation of transcriptional activity of RARE and adipocytes differentiation, potentially providing a new target for obesity therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mekkawy MH, Fahmy HA, Nada AS, Ali OS. Radiosensitizing Effect of Bromelain Using Tumor Mice Model via Ki-67 and PARP-1 Inhibition. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211060369. [PMID: 34825602 PMCID: PMC8649096 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that bromelain (BL), a pineapple extract, acts as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment and prevention of carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which BL could radiosensitize tumor cells in vitro and in a mouse tumor model. BL has shown a significant reduction in the viability of the radioresistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line using cell proliferation assay. The in vivo study was designed using the Ehrlich model in female albino mice, treated with BL (6 mg/kg b. wt., intraperitoneal, once daily for 10 days) 1 hour before exposure to a fractionated dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy, 1 Gy for 5 subsequent days). The radiosensitizing effect of BL was evident in terms of a significant reduction in tumor volume, poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the proliferation marker Ki-67 and nuclear factor kappa activated B cells (NF-κB) with a significant elevation in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tumor cells. The present findings offer a novel insight into the radiosensitizing effect of BL and its potential application in the radiotherapy course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Metformin and Simvastatin in Inhibiting Proadipogenic Transcription Factors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2082-2097. [PMID: 34940118 PMCID: PMC8929042 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue driven by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes through adipogenesis. Adipogenesis plays a key role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, which makes it potential target for the therapeutic approach to obesity. An increasing number of studies confirm the pleiotropic action of the combined treatment with metformin and statins, suggesting their anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effect. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different doses of metformin (MET) and simvastatin (SIM) on the expression of key transcription factors of adipogenesis. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiation in adipogenic medium with sustained MET and SIM treatment to assess the effect on adipogenesis. Nine days after initiating adipogenesis, the cells were prepared for further experiments, including Oil Red O staining, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Treating the cells with the combination of MET and SIM slightly reduced the intensity of Oil Red O staining compared with the control group, and down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1C. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of MET and SIM on adipocyte differentiation, as indicated by decreased lipid accumulation, appears to be mediated through the down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding pro-tein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1C).
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim CW, Go RE, Lee HK, Kang BT, Cho WJ, Choi KC. Anti-obesity effects of Celastrus orbiculatus extract containing celastrol on canine adipocytes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:177-185. [PMID: 34248261 PMCID: PMC8243799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
From 50 to 60% of companion animals in the United States are overweight or obese and this obesity rate is rising. As obesity is associated with a number of health problems, an agent that can help weight loss in pets and assist in clinically managing obesity through veterinary prescription foods and medication would be beneficial. Many studies have shown that celastrol, a phytochemical compound found in Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE), has anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects, although these effects have not yet been determined in canine or canine-derived cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of celastrol on the adipogenic differentiation and lipolysis of canine adipocytes. Primary preadipocytes were isolated from the gluteal region of a beagle dog and the primary adipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes by adipocyte differentiation media containing isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. In a water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay, the cell viability of mature adipocytes was decreased after treatment with COE (0, 0.93, 2.32, and 4.64 nM celastrol) in a concentration-dependent manner, although preadipocytes were not affected. Oil Red O (ORO) staining revealed that COE inhibited the differentiation into mature adipocytes and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. In addition, treatment with COE significantly reduced triglyceride content and increased lipolytic activities by 1.5-fold in canine adipocytes. Overall, it was concluded that COE may enhance anti-obesity activity in canine adipocytes by inhibiting lipid accumulation and increasing lipolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| | - Woo Jae Cho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology (Kim, Go, Lee, Choi) and Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and Neurology (Kang), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Chungnam, Republic of Korea (Cho)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berkoz M, Yalin S, Yildirim M, Yalın A, Çömelekoğlu Ü. PUNICALAGIN AND PUNICALIN SUPPRESS THE ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:157-167. [PMID: 34925563 PMCID: PMC8665253 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate is a rich source of many polyphenolic compounds including ellagitannins (punicalagin, punicalin and others). AIM The effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipogenesis were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effect of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation, various concentrations of punicalagin and punicalin (2-10 µM) were applied to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, Oil red O staining, intracellular triglyceride levels, and gene expressions of transcription factors (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins-α (C/EBPα), Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c)) and lipolysis-associated genes (hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), Perilipin A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were examined in order to investigate the effects of punicalagin and punicalin on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Punicalagin and punicalin applications caused a continuous decrease in cell size and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. GPDH activity and transcription gene expressions decreased significantly in groups that were applicated punicalagin and punicalin at high concentrations. Punicalagin, but not punicalin, down-regulated the expression of HSL and perilipin A and up-regulated the expression of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, both punicalagin and punicalin were able to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Berkoz
- Yuzuncu Yil University - Department of Biochemistry, Van, Turkey
| | - S. Yalin
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - M. Yildirim
- Tarsus University, Healthcare Vocational School - Pharmacy Services
Program, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - A.E. Yalın
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ü. Çömelekoğlu
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine - Department of Biophysics, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dilly AK, Honick BD, Frederick R, Elapavaluru A, Velankar S, Makala H, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Guo J, Beumer JH, Rigatti LH, Lee YJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Improved chemosensitivity following mucolytic therapy in patient-derived models of mucinous appendix cancer. Transl Res 2021; 229:100-114. [PMID: 33164812 PMCID: PMC7867596 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abundant intraperitoneal (IP) accumulation of extracellular mucus in patients with appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) causes compressive organ dysfunction and prevents delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cells. We hypothesized that reducing extracellular mucus would decrease tumor-related symptoms and improve chemotherapeutic effect in patient-derived models of MCP. Mucolysis was achieved using a combination of bromelain (BRO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Ex vivo experiments of mucolysis and chemotherapeutic drug delivery/effect were conducted with MCP and non-MCP tissue explants. In vivo experiments were performed in mouse and rat patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of early and late (advanced) MCP. MCP tumor explants were less chemosensitive than non-MCP explants. Chronic IP administration of BRO + NAC in a mouse PDX model of early MCP and a rat PDX model of late (advanced) MCP converted solid mucinous tumors into mucinous ascites (mucolysis) that could be drained via a percutaneous catheter (rat model only), significantly reduced solid mucinous tumor growth and improved the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Combination of BRO + NAC efficiently lyses extracellular mucus in clinically relevant models of MCP. Conversion of solid mucinous tumors into mucinous ascites decreases tumor bulk and allows for minimally invasive drainage of liquified tumors. Lysis of extracellular mucus removes the protective mucinous coating surrounding cancer cells and improves chemotherapeutic drug delivery/efficacy in cancer cells. Our data provide a preclinical rationale for the clinical evaluation of BRO + NAC as a therapeutic strategy for MCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Dilly
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendon D Honick
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robin Frederick
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuleka Elapavaluru
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hima Makala
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lora Heather Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Q, Fan Y, Loor JJ, Liang Y, Sun X, Jia H, Zhao C, Xu C. All-trans retinoic acid controls differentiation, proliferation, and lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes from peripartal Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4999-5008. [PMID: 33551168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation are critical for normal adipose tissue development, including achieving a mature phenotype, characterized by its ability to accumulate triacylglycerol and release fatty acids. In nonruminants, it is well known that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most-active form of vitamin A, helps regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in several types of cells including adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ATRA on proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and lipolysis of primary bovine adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of 5 healthy Holstein cows at 17 (±4 standard deviations) d postpartum. Cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of ATRA (0.2, 2, and 20 nM) at the preconfluent (2 d) and postconfluent (8 d) preadipocyte stage or at the mature adipocyte stage (2 d). All concentrations of ATRA inhibited preconfluent preadipocyte proliferation with decreased proportion of S-phase cells and reduced protein abundance of cyclins (CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, CCNE1) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6). Compared with vehicle, ATRA treatment induced apoptosis in preconfluent preadipocytes. Additionally, ATRA (0.2, 2, and 20 nM) supplementation also inhibited differentiation of postconfluent preadipocytes through downregulation of protein abundance of PPARγ and C/EBPα. After induction of differentiation, basal lipolysis in mature adipocytes increased upon treatment with all concentrations of ATRA. However, data on phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase or PLIN1 indicated that ATRA had no effect on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Overall, these results demonstrate that ATRA might inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, subsequently leading to apoptosis in postconfluent preadipocytes and promoting basal lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Overall, these in vitro responses provide some insights into the potential for nutritional management to modulate adipose tissue lipolysis, particularly in overconditioned cows during the dry period, which are more susceptible to suffer metabolic disorders due to excessive fat mobilization postpartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bromelain Confers Protection against the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male C57bl/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051458. [PMID: 32443556 PMCID: PMC7285019 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of bromelain, the extract from stems of pineapples on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced deregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its underlying mechanism in mice. Mice were daily administrated with HFD with or without bromelain (20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, and we found that bromelain decreased the HFD-induced increase in body weight by ~30%, organ weight by ~20% in liver weight and ~40% in white adipose tissue weight. Additionally, bromelain attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia by decreasing the serum level of total cholesterol by ~15% and triglycerides level by ~25% in mice. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation, particularly that of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol, was decreased by 15–30% with bromelain treatment. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects of bromelain on HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation may be attributed to the decreased fatty acid uptake and cholesteryl ester synthesis and the increased lipoprotein internalization, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol clearance, the assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids by regulating the protein expression involved in the above mentioned hepatic metabolic pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that bromelain has therapeutic value for treating NAFLD and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yamamoto Y, Taniguchi T, Inazumi T, Iwamura R, Yoneda K, Odani-Kawabata N, Matsugi T, Sugimoto Y, Shams NK. Effects of the Selective EP2 Receptor Agonist Omidenepag on Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:162-169. [PMID: 31934812 PMCID: PMC7175626 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed at comparing the effects of omidenepag (OMD) with those of prostaglandin F (FP) receptor agonists (FP agonists) on adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: To evaluate the agonistic activities of OMD against the mouse EP2 (mEP2) receptor, we determined cAMP contents in mEP2 receptor-expressing CHO cells by using radioimmunoassays. Overall, 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in differentiation medium for 10 days and adipocyte differentiation was assessed according to Oil Red O-stained cell areas. Changes in expression levels of the adipogenic transcription factors Pparg, Cebpa, and Cebpb were determined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). OMD at 0.1, 1, 10, and 40 μmol/L, latanoprost free acid (LAT-A) at 0.1 μmol/L, or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), at 0.1 μmol/L were added to cell culture media during adipogenesis. Oil Red O-stained areas and expression patterns of transcription factor targets of OMD or FP agonists were compared with those of untreated controls. Results: The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of OMD against the mEP2 receptor was 3.9 nmol/L. Accumulations of Oil Red O-stained lipid droplets were observed inside control cells on day 10. LAT-A and PGF2α significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets; however, OMD had no effect on this process even at concentrations up to 40 μmol/L. LAT-A and PGF2α significantly suppressed Pparg, Cebpa, and Cebpb gene expression levels during adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, OMD had no obvious effects on the expression levels of these genes. Conclusions: A selective EP2 receptor agonist, OMD, did not affect the adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas FP agonists significantly inhibited this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Yamamoto
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nara, Japan
| | - Takazumi Taniguchi
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwamura
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoneda
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Noriko Odani-Kawabata
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.,Research and Development Division, Santen, Inc., Emeryville, California
| | - Takeshi Matsugi
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nara, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naveed K Shams
- Research and Development Division, Santen, Inc., Emeryville, California
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Borah AK, Singh A, Yasmin R, Doley R, Mattaparthi VSK, Saha S. 1α, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 containing fractions of Catharanthus roseus leaf aqueous extract inhibit preadipocyte differentiation and induce lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:338. [PMID: 31783835 PMCID: PMC6883588 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the potential of Catharanthus roseus leaf aqueous crude extract (CRACE) as a regulator of adipocyte development and function. METHODS 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model was used to investigate the effect of CRACE on adipogenesis. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (for adipogenic differentiation) and mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes (for adipocyte function) were treated with non-toxic doses of CRACE. The outcomes were corroborated by intracellular lipid accumulation, expression of pro-and anti-adipogenic effector molecules. To investigate CRACE mediated lipolysis, cAMP accumulation, glycerol release and phosphorylation of key effector molecules were tested in treated mature adipocytes. Finally, the extract was fractionated to identify the active molecule/s in the extract. RESULTS CRACE significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation by modulating PPARγ expression. At early stage CRACE directly targeted Lipin1 expression and consequently impacted KLF7, subsequently expression of GATA2, CEBPα, SREBP1c were targeted, with PPARγ expression, particularly curtailed. While CRACE significantly reduced several lipogenic genes like FAS and GPD1 in mature adipocytes, concomitantly, it greatly increased lipolysis resulting in decreased lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes. The increase in lipolysis was due to decreased Akt activation, increased cAMP level, and PKA activity. The fractionation of CRACE allowed identification of two fractions with potent anti-adipogenic activity. Both the fractions contained 1α, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 as major component. CONCLUSIONS 1α, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 containing CRACE can be developed into an effective anti-obesity formulation that decreases adipogenesis and increases lipid catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Rafika Yasmin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Robin Doley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028 India
| | | | - Sougata Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Conrozier T. How to Treat Osteoarthritis in Obese Patients? Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019; 16:99-104. [PMID: 31241017 DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190625105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The close association between osteoarthritis (OA) and obesity is well established. Mechanisms linking obesity and OA involve multifactorial phenomena such as systemic factors (i.e. adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines), hormonal disturbances (hyperinsulinemia) and muscule changes (i.e. sarcopenia and lower muscular tone). The concomitant increasing prevalence of the two diseases have major health, social and economic consequences. However, to date no specific recommendation for the medical management of obese patients with OA have been published. Current recommendations only specify that obese patients must lose weight and practice regular physical activity in addition to the usual care. Weight loss improves not only OA symptoms but also metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors commonly altered in subjects with obesity. OA symptoms' improvement has been shown to become clinically relevant from a weight loss > 5% of the body weight. In case of morbid obesity, bariatric surgery may be the only alternative for pain relief. After bariatric surgery, an appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake is recommended, since it has been shown that bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in the bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures. An exercise program is essential for preserving healthy muscles during weight loss. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids must be avoided, especially in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. In such patients symptomatic slow acting drugs for OA (i.e. glucosamine, chondroitin) and some anti-oxidant drugs (i.e. curcumin, ginger extracts, copper) may be helpful thanks to their excellent benefit/risk ratio and their mode of action which may have a positive impact on both OA and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Recent research focuses on the development of molecules aimed for promoting the production of heme oxygenase (HO-1). HO-1 decreases the production of oxygen free radicals and protects tissues from oxidative stress in the insulin resistance syndrome. Intra-articular (IA) injections of hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid have few adverse events. However, physicians must inform patients that IA treatments have a lower success rate in obese patients than in those with normal body mass index. Spa therapy contributes to relief pain, favour weight-loss and reduces metabolic abnormalities with a favourable risk/benefit balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Conrozier
- Department of Rheumatology, Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, Belfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hirata BKS, Pedroso AP, Machado MMF, Neto NIP, Perestrelo BO, de Sá RDCC, Alonso-Vale MIC, Nogueira FN, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Tashima AK, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract Modulates the Retroperitoneal Fat Depot Proteome and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31258482 PMCID: PMC6587378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of individuals with obesity, over the past four decades, is triggered by a number of complex interactions among factors. Despite the plethora of treatments available, side effects are commonly observed and, in this context, herbal medicines have been employed as an alternative form of therapy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been described as a promising new pharmacological approach to treat obesity. In order to better comprehend the mechanisms involved with this potential effect, the present study evaluated the effects of GbE treatment on diet-induced obese rats, focusing on the proteome and the oxidative stress defense system of visceral adipose tissue. After 14 days treatment, GbE significantly modulated 25 proteins. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue of treated animals exhibited higher amounts of proteins associated with adipogenesis (decorin), carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function (citrate synthase), and a concomitant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy. In parallel, GbE down-regulated proteins involved in oxidative stress (peroxiredoxin) and the inflammatory response (complement C3, mast cell protease 1, and Ig gamma-2B chain C region). Moreover, also related to oxidative stress defense, GbE stimulated catalase activity, reduced malondialdehyde levels (lipid peroxidation indicator), and increased lactoylglutathione lyase levels. It was concluded that GbE acts as an antioxidant agent, and improved the proteome profile and oxidative stress response in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna K S Hirata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meira M F Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Nelson I P Neto
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna O Perestrelo
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta D C C de Sá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando N Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica M Telles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim DH, Lee JW, Lee K. Supplementation of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Below Cytotoxic Levels Promotes Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Lipids 2019; 54:99-107. [PMID: 30723897 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A, referred to as retinol, is an essential nutrient that affects the cell growth and differentiation including adipogenesis. Although previous studies using supraphysiological doses (over 1 μM) of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) demonstrated antiadipogenic activity, effects of atRA at various levels on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have not been extensively investigated. Our study showed that the amount of cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and intensities of Oil-Red-O staining were decreased by supplementing atRA (1 and 10 μM) but increased by low concentrations of atRA (0.01 to 100 nM) compared with the control. Also PPARγ and FABP4 were gradually overexpressed by atRA up to 1 nM but decreased at over 1 nM concentrations. Moreover, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and consequential growth-arrest were analyzed as important steps in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. The 1 nM group showed more cell proliferation and thereafter a higher ratio of the G0/G1 phase on Day 2. Protein levels of S/G2-phase factors were dose dependently increased by atRA up to 1 nM on Day 1, but the factors were highly expressed in higher doses on Day 2. G0/G1 markers were higher at the higher doses of atRA on Day 1; whereas, they were highly expressed in mild or medium doses on Day 2. These data indicate that atRA controls adipogenesis with accompanied changes in cell proliferation and follow-up growth-arrest. These results indicate that atRA can function both as a negative and positive regulator of adipogenesis depending on dosages, providing a strategy for achieving proper nutritional balance for treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125, Gwakhak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125, Gwakhak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu YC, Sudirman S, Mao CF, Kong ZL. Glycoprotein from Mytilus edulis extract inhibits lipid accumulation and improves male reproductive dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:369-376. [PMID: 30399571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sabri Sudirman
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Feng Mao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thomas SS, Kim M, Lee SJ, Cha YS. Antiobesity Effects of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta) on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mice Fed a High-fat Diet. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2384-2393. [PMID: 30070698 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purple perilla (PE) is a medicinal plant that has several health benefits. In this study, the antiobesity effect of PE was studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diets. Triglyceride quantification and Oil Red O staining in matured adipocytes revealed that PE reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes by downregulating adipogenic gene and upregulating lipolytic gene expressions. Mice were fed normal diet, high-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with different concentrations of PE. Treatment with PE significantly prevented body weight gain, improved serum lipids, hepatic lipids and reduced the epididymal fat. Furthermore, in the adipose tissue and liver, expression of genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation were upregulated in PE- treated mice. Thus, our results suggested that PE has antiobesity effects in rodents and can be effective in obesity management. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Purple perilla, rich in polyphenols such as rosmarinic acid, showed lipid lowering in adipocyte cells and prevented body weight gain in mice. Therefore we conclude that purple perilla may be a potential candidate for the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals in managing obesity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Sara Thomas
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National Univ., Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Div. of Functional Food and Nutrition, Dept. of Agrofood Resources, National Inst. of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Je Lee
- Research and Development Office, Jeonbuk Inst. for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju, 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk Natl. Univ., Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen C, Deng Y, Hu X, Ren H, Zhu J, Fu S, Xie J, Peng Y. miR-128-3p regulates 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and lipolysis by targeting Pparg and Sertad2. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:381-393. [PMID: 29654510 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of adipocytes and their aggregation to adipose tissue are critical for mammalian growth and development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. miR-128-3p may contribute to adipose tissue development according to the previous studies. However, the role of miR-128-3p in the process of preadipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism is not yet understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of miR-128-3p in 3T3-L1 cells. In the present study, we found that miR-128-3p was downregulated during the process of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of miR-128-3p obstructed the expressions of adipogenic marker genes as well as the lipid droplets accumulation and triglyceride content, suggesting the importance of miR-128-3p for adipogenesis. Moreover, miR-128-3p could lead to the retardation of cell proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Further evidences showed that, as a negative regulator of adipogenesis, miR-128-3p could directly target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) which resulted in the suppression of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, and miR-128-3p could also bind with SERTA domain containing 2 (Sertad2) which drove triglyceride hydrolysis and lipolysis. In addition, inhibition of Sertad2 with siRNA displayed the same effects as overexpression of miR-128-3p. Our research demonstrated that miR-128-3p impeded 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by targeting Pparg and Sertad2, resulting in the obstruction of preadipocyte differentiation and promotion of lipolysis. Taken together, this study offers profound insight into the mechanism of miRNA-mediated adipogenesis and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Deng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionggui Hu
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcai Fu
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Julan Xie
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balan D, Chan KL, Murugan D, AbuBakar S, Wong PF. Antiadipogenic effects of a standardized quassinoids-enriched fraction and eurycomanone fromEurycoma longifolia. Phytother Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Science Malaysia; 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - D. Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Premkumar J, Thottiam Vasudevan R. Bioingredients: functional properties and health impacts. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
29
|
Jang YJ, Son HJ, Ahn J, Jung CH, Ha T. Coumestrol modulates Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the attenuation of adipogenesis. Food Funct 2018; 7:4984-4991. [PMID: 27868125 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coumestrol is a natural phytochemical present in plants such as red clover and soy, and has been reported to stimulate the estrogen receptor as a major phytoestrogen. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-adipogenic effects of phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein have been previously investigated, the effects of coumestrol on adipogenesis remain to be elucidated. We observed that coumestrol dose-dependently attenuates MDI (mixture of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-induced lipid accumulation, consistent with an earlier study, while significantly inhibiting MDI-induced adipogenesis in the first 48 hours of differentiation, a critical time window for anti-adipogenic effects. Coumestrol treatment suppressed MDI-induced protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in adipocytes, leading to the subsequent downregulation of FAS and aP2 expression. Akt and GSK3β were phosphorylated shortly after MDI stimulation, and these responses were inhibited by coumestrol treatment. Coumestrol also increased LRP6 protein expression, resulting in the recovery of β-catenin downregulation by MDI, while attenuating MDI-induced downregulation of Wnt10b. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, target genes of β-catenin, were both recovered by coumestrol treatment. These results suggest that coumestrol inhibits adipocyte differentiation via regulation of Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may have potential for development as an agent to prevent adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoul Ha
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
In Silico and In Vitro Study of the Bromelain-Phytochemical Complex Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 (Pla2). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010073. [PMID: 29351216 PMCID: PMC6017101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is an enzyme that induces inflammation, making Pla2 activity an effective approach to reduce inflammation. Therefore, investigating natural compounds for this Pla2 inhibitory activity has important therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential in bromelain-phytochemical complex inhibitors via a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Bromelain-amenthoflavone displays antagonistic effects on Pla2. Bromelian-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin displayed synergistic effects at high concentrations of the combined compounds, with inhibition percentages of more than 70% and 90%, respectively, and antagonistic effects at low concentrations. The synergistic effect of the bromelain-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin combinations represents a new application in treating inflammation. These findings not only provide significant quantitative data, but also provide an insight on valuable implications for the combined use of bromelain with asiaticoside and diosgenin in treating inflammation, and may help researchers develop more natural bioactive compounds in daily foods as anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramachandra Shobha C, Prashant V, Akila P, Chandini R, Nataraj Suma M, Basavanagowdappa H. Fifty Percent Ethanolic Extract of Momordica charantia Inhibits Adipogenesis and Promotes Adipolysis in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocyte Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 6:22-32. [PMID: 29090226 PMCID: PMC5643457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have gained importance recently for the treatment of obesity and its complications, partly because of the side effects of modern drugs.Hence, we aimed to study and compare the effect of varying concentrations of Momordicacharantiaon adipogenesis and adipolysis using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell lines. METHODS 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were procured from the National Center for Cell Sciences, Pune, and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mM L-glutamine. An ethanolic extract of M. charantia (EEMC)was prepared by the graded ethanol fractionation method and the total phenol content (TPC) determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C) assay. The cytotoxic dose was determined by the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The adipogenesis and adipolysis assays (Cayman chemicals, Ann Arbor, USA) were performed according to the manufacturer's protocols. RESULTS The 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes treated with increasing concentrations of EEMC during (p= 0.012) and after (p= 0.026) differentiation demonstrated significant reduction in lipid droplet accumulation. There was a significant decrease in glycerol release during differentiation (p= 0.018) and a significant increase in glycerol release after differentiation (p= 0.0007) with increasing concentrations of EEMC. However, the effect of EEMC on adipogenesis and adipolysis was greater during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation than after. CONCLUSION The data showed that the 50% EEMC is potent inhibitor of lipogenesis and stimulator of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Further analyses will be performed to determine the key antioxidant compound(s) in the extract by phenolic acid profiling using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, the mechanism of action of EEMC on adipogenesis and adipolysis will be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikkavadaragudi Ramachandra Shobha
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Vishwanath Prashant
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Prashant Akila
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Rangaswamy Chandini
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Maduvanahalli Nataraj Suma
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Hattur Basavanagowdappa
- Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tung CH, Han MS, Qi J. Total control of fat cells from adipogenesis to apoptosis using a xanthene analog. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179158. [PMID: 28582464 PMCID: PMC5459503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcrowded adipocytes secrete excess adipokines and cytokines under stress, which results in a deregulated metabolism. This negative response to stress increases the possibility of obesity and several of its associated diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Therefore, a reduction in the number of adipocytes may be a rational strategy to relieve the undesired expansion of adipose tissue. A newly synthesized xanthene analog, MI-401, was found to have two distinct effects on the regulation of the adipocyte’s life cycle. MI-401 efficiently down regulated the expression of transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα, and lipogenesis proteins, FAS and FABP4. This down regulation resulted in the inhibition of adipogenesis. Without newly differentiated adipocytes, the total number of adipocytes will not increase. In addition to this inhibitory effect, MI-401 was able to actively kill mature adipocytes. It specifically triggered apoptosis in adipocytes at low micro molar concentration and spared preadipocytes and fibroblasts. These dual functionalities make MI-401 an effective agent in the regulation of the birth and death of adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Myung Shin Han
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Department of Translational Imaging, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chaiittianan R, Sutthanut K, Rattanathongkom A. Purple corn silk: A potential anti-obesity agent with inhibition on adipogenesis and induction on lipolysis and apoptosis in adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:9-16. [PMID: 28257978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corn silk or the stigma of Zea mays L. has traditionally been used in weight loss stimulation and treatment of cystitis, urinary infections and obesity. Purple corn silk, rich of polyphenolic substances, was reported on anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect in animal studies. However, scientific evidence on mechanisms and targets of action of purple corn silk related to adipocyte life cycle has been limited. AIM OF STUDY To determine phytochemical compositions and investigate anti-obesity potential of the purple corn silk focusing on interruption of adipocyte life cycle; effect on pre-adipocyte proliferation, adipogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic purple corn silk extract (PCS) was prepared and investigated for phytochemical compositions by LC/MS/MS technique and anti-obesity potential using murine 3T3-L1 cell line. Using methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, the effects on pre-adipocytes and adipocyte viability and on pre-adipocytes proliferation at 24-, 48-, and 72-h incubation period were evaluated. In addition, anti-adipogenesis via inhibition on adipocyte differentiation and reduction of total lipid accumulation was evaluated using Oil Red O staining and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The lipolysis effect was determined by measurement of glycerol released content using glycerol test kit after 48-h treatment of PCS to adipocytes. Apoptosis inductive effect was done by using 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining method. RESULTS The polyphenols including anthocyanins, quercetin and phenolic acids and derivatives were found as the major chemical compositions of the PCS. With multiple-stages interruption on the adipocyte life cycle, anti-obesity effect of PCS was interestingly demonstrated. When compared to the control, the PCS at concentration range between 250-1000 μg/mL showed anti-adipogenesis effect as expressing of significant inhibition on pre-adipocyte proliferation at all incubation period (43.52±5.28 - 75.51±9.09%) and significant decreasing of total lipid accumulation at concentration of 500μg/mL (80.22±6.58%) and 1000μg/mL (69.62±5.42%). Moreover, the PCS exhibited lipolysis and apoptosis inductive effect with dose dependent manner and significance at concentration of 1000μg/mL by increase of released glycerol content (173.88±6.13% of the control) and of nuclei condensing and apoptotic bodies (with relative apoptosis induction as 131.74±1.64% of the control). CONCLUSION Our data has evidenced the anti-obesity potential of PCS related interruption at multiple stages of adipocyte life cycle. Its potency was attributed to inhibition on adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis as well as induction on lipolysis and apoptosis at high concentration. However, further in vivo investigation should be considered to insist the possibility in applications of PCS in prevention and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Ariya Rattanathongkom
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gopalakrishna Pillai GK, Bharate SS, Awasthi A, Verma R, Mishra G, Singh AT, Jaggi M, Mithal A, Vishwakarma RA. Antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulation DB14201: Preclinical development, safety and efficacy studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:218-230. [PMID: 27457691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The poly-herbal formulation DB14201 is a new combination of ayurvedic ingredients for treatment of diabetes. The aim of present study was to investigate safety and in vivo efficacy of DB14201 extract. Further this work was aimed to develop, characterize and standardize DB14201 extract and develop it as a botanical drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyherbal extract was standardized using four chemical markers. The LC-MS/MS method was developed for identification and quantification of mangiferin, berberine, kaempferol and curcumin. The extract was standardized for heavy metal content, aflotoxins, and microbial tests. The mechanism of action of DB14201 extract was explored through glucose uptake by adipocytes, TNF-α production and free fatty acid release, in vitro, was studied using murine adipocytes (3T3-L1). The effect of extract on insulin release was evaluated using murine pancreatic beta cell (β TC-6). The safety and in vivo efficacy of extract was studied using suitable animal model. Hematology and blood biochemistry parameters were also assessed. RESULTS In vitro studies of DB14201 in murine adipocytes and murine pancreatic beta cells demonstrated the plausible mechanism of action of DB14201 could be through increase in glucose uptake and by stimulation of insulin release by RIN-5f cells. The microbial load, heavy metals were found to be within the AYUSH permissible limits and aflotoxins were absent. Preclinical efficacy studies in animal models proved the anti-diabetic potential of the extract. The preclinical acute dose toxicity study and 90-days repeated dose toxicity study of DB14201 extract in wistar rats by oral route indicated that the extract is safe up to 1000mg/kg dose. Hematology and blood biochemistry parameters were within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS The data presented herein demonstrated anti-diabetic potential of developed DB14201 extract and this study will serve as the benchmark for the further research on this polyherbal formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Krishnan Gopalakrishna Pillai
- Innoveda Biological Solutions Private Limited, New Delhi, India; Department of Integrative Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India.
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | | | - Ritu Verma
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Mishra
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hyung JH, Ahn CB, Je JY. Ark shell protein hydrolysates inhibit adipogenesis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells through the down-regulation of transcriptional factors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-adipogenic peptides were generated from ark shell protein by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Hyung
- Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48547
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48547
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu X, Yang L, Xu F, Lin L, Zheng G. Combination therapy with catechins and caffeine inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:688-694. [PMID: 28352352 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins and caffeine, which are green tea components, have a slimming effect; however, the combinational effect of fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. In the present study, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with catechins and caffeine in combination, and it was found that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine markedly reduced intracellular fat accumulation, mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α in the early stage of cell differentiation were significantly reduced, and mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase(FAS) andglycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein expression levels of FAS were downregulated. Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis was enhanced by caffeine, which markedly increased the protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase. These results indicated that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine synergistically inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating the gene and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Therefore, catechins and caffeine combination therapy has potential as a functional food that may be used to prevent obesity and lifestyle-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Licong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oon SF, Nallappan M, Kassim NK, Shohaimi S, Sa'ariwijaya MSF, Tee TT, Cheah YH. Hypolipidemic activities of xanthorrhizol purified from centrifugal TLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1403-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
38
|
Nishina A, Ukiya M, Fukatsu M, Koketsu M, Ninomiya M, Sato D, Yamamoto J, Kobayashi-Hattori K, Okubo T, Tokuoka H, Kimura H. Effects of Various 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone Analogs on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1794-800. [PMID: 26521830 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of twelve 5,7-dihydroxyflavone analogs on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Among the compounds, luteolin, diosmetin, and chrysoeriol partly inhibited adipogenesis by blocking the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the cells. Conversely, tricetin facilitated triacylglycerol accumulation in the cells. The induction of lipogenesis or lipolysis may depend on the number and bonding position of hydroxyl or methoxy groups on the B ring of 5,7-dihydroxyflavone. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic genes were suppressed by luteolin treatment in the cells, while the mRNA levels of lipolytic genes were not affected. However, the expression levels of the adipogenic, lipogenic, and lipolytic genes, except for adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), were not affected by the addition of tricetin. Moreover, luteolin suppressed glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene and protein levels. These results indicate that luteolin decreased triacylglycerol levels in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis through the suppression of adipogenic/lipogenic and GLUT4 genes and GLUT4 protein.
Collapse
|
39
|
Garcia-Alvarez A, Mila-Villarroel R, Ribas-Barba L, Egan B, Badea M, Maggi FM, Salmenhaara M, Restani P, Serra-Majem L. Usage of Plant Food Supplements (PFS) for weight control in six European countries: results from the PlantLIBRA PFS Consumer Survey 2011-2012. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:254. [PMID: 27465483 PMCID: PMC4964311 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is increasing worldwide and weight-control strategies, including the consumption of plant food supplements (PFS), are proliferating. This article identifies the herbal ingredients in PFS consumed for weight control and by overweight/obese dieters in six European countries, and explores the relationship between their consumption and their self-reported BMI. Methods Data used were a subset from the PlantLIBRA PFS Consumer Survey 2011-2012, a retrospective survey of 2359 PFS consumers. The survey used a bespoke frequency-of-PFS-usage questionnaire. Analyses were performed in two consumer subsamples of 1) respondents taking the products for “body weight reasons”, and 2) “dieters for overweight/obesity”, to identify the herbal ingredients consumed for these reasons. The relationship between the 5 most consumed herbal ingredients and self-reported BMI in groups 1 and 2 is explored by comparing BMI proportions of consumers vs. non-consumers (using Chi-squared test). Results 252 PFS (8.8 %) were consumed for “body weight reasons” (by 240 PFS consumers); 112 PFS consumers (4.8 %) were “dieting for overweight/obesity”. Spain is the country where consuming herbal ingredients for body weight control and dieting were most popular. Artichoke was the most consumed herbal ingredient. Considering only the 5 top products consumed by those who responded “body weight”, when using the total survey sample, a greater proportion of BMI ≥ 25 was observed among consumers of PFS containing artichoke and green tea as compared to non-consumers (58.4 % vs. 49.1 % and 63.2 % vs. 49.7 % respectively). Considering only the 5 top products consumed by “dieters” and using only the “dieters” sample, a lower proportion of BMI ≥ 25 was observed among pineapple-containing PFS consumers (38.5 % vs. 81.5 %); however, when using the entire survey sample, a greater proportion of BMI ≥ 25 was observed among artichoke-containing PFS consumers (58.4 % vs. 49.1 %). Conclusions A comparison of results among the scarce publications evaluating the use of weight-loss supplements at the population level is limited. Nevertheless every hint is important in finding out which are the self-treatment strategies used by overweight/obese individuals in European countries. Although limited by a small sample size, our study represents a first attempt at analysing such data in six EU countries. Our findings should encourage the conduction of further studies on this topic, long-term and large sample-sized studies, ideally conducted in the general population.
Collapse
|
40
|
Anti-lipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effect of açai ( Euterpe oleracea Martius) polyphenols on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
41
|
Zhao L, Fang X, Marshall MR, Chung S. Regulation of Obesity and Metabolic Complications by Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols. Molecules 2016; 21:344. [PMID: 26978344 PMCID: PMC6274282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols (T3s) are a subclass of unsaturated vitamin E that have been extensively studied for their anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in numerous cancer studies. Recently, T3s have received increasing attention due to their previously unrecognized property to attenuate obesity and its associated metabolic complications. In this review, we comprehensively evaluated the recent published scientific literature about the influence of T3s on obesity, with a particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved. T3s have been demonstrated in animal models or human subjects to reduce fat mass, body weight, plasma concentrations of free fatty acid, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as to improve glucose and insulin tolerance. Their mechanisms of action in adipose tissue mainly include (1) modulation of fat cell adipogenesis and differentiation; (2) modulation of energy sensing; (3) induction of apoptosis in preadipocytes and (4) modulation of inflammation. Studies have also been conducted to investigate the effects of T3s on other targets, e.g., the immune system, liver, muscle, pancreas and bone. Since δT3 and γT3 are regarded as the most active isomers among T3s, their clinical relevance to reduce obesity should be investigated in human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Maurice R Marshall
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Beg M, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Singh SP, Jagdale P, Puri A, Chaudhari BP, Sashidhara KV, Gaikwad AN. A clerodane diterpene inhibit adipogenesis by cell cycle arrest and ameliorate obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:373-85. [PMID: 25450865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A clerodane diterpene, 16α-Hydroxycleroda-3, 13 (14) Z-dien-15, 16-olide (compound 1) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia had previously been reported as a new structural class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor apart from statins. Statins are known to be anti-adipogenic in nature. The distant structural similarity between compound 1 and lovastatin (polyketide class of compound) prompted us to investigate effects of diterpene compound 1 on adipogenesis and thereby obesity. High content microscopy proved diterpene compound 1 exhibits better anti-adipogenic activity and less toxicity in differentiating adipocytes. Moreover, it reduced expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and GLUT4 during differentiation in a time and concentration dependent manner. Diterpene compound 1 during early differentiation reduced MDI induced-Akt/mTOR phosphorylation and expression of cell cycle proteins, and thereby halted mitotic clonal expansion, the decisive factor in early adipogenesis. Further, its anti-adipogenic activity was validated in murine mesenchymal cell-line C3H10T1/2 and human mesenchymal stem cell models of adipogenic differentiation. When compound 1 was administered along with HFD, for another 8 weeks in 2 month HFD fed overweight mice (with BMI > 30 and impaired glucose tolerance), it attenuated weight gain and epididymal fat accumulation. It improved body glucose tolerance, reduced HFD induced increase in total cholesterol and leptin/adiponectin ratio. All these effects were comparable with standard anti-obesity drug Orlistat with added edge of potently decreasing circulating triglyceride levels comparable with normal chow fed group. Histological analysis shows that compound 1 inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy and decreased steatosis in hepatocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate a potential value of compound 1 as a novel anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Pathology Laboratories, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anju Puri
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Pathology Laboratories, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dave S, Nanduri R, Dkhar HK, Bhagyaraj E, Rao A, Gupta P. Nuclear MEK1 sequesters PPARγ and bisects MEK1/ERK signaling: a non-canonical pathway of retinoic acid inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100862. [PMID: 24959884 PMCID: PMC4069188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled adipogenesis and adipocyte proliferation have been connected to human comorbidities. Retinoic acid (RA) is known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, however the underlying mechanisms have not been adequately understood. This study reports that RA acting as a ligand to RA receptors (RARs and RXRs) is not a sine qua non to the inhibition of adipogenesis. Our intriguing observation of a negative correlation between increased retinoylation and adipogenesis led us to explore retinoylated proteins in adipocytes. Exportin (CRM1) was found to be retinoylated, which in turn can affect the spatio-temporal regulation of the important signaling molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), likely by disrupting its export from the nucleus. Nuclear enrichment of MEK1 physically sequesters peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis, from its target genes and thus inhibits adipogenesis while also disrupting the MEK1-extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This study is first to report the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by retinoylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dave
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Antiobesity Effects of an Edible Halophyte Nitraria retusa Forssk in 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and in C57B6J/L Mice Fed a High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:368658. [PMID: 24367387 PMCID: PMC3866713 DOI: 10.1155/2013/368658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitraria retusa is an edible halophyte, used in Tunisia for several traditional medicine purposes. The present study investigated the antiobesity effects of Nitraria retusa ethanol extract (NRE) in 3T3-L1 cells using different doses and in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Male C57B6J/L mice were separately fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and daily administrated with NRE (50, 100 mg/kg) or one for 2 days with Naringenin (10 mg/kg). NRE administration significantly decreased body weight gain, fat pad weight, serum glucose, and lipid levels in HFD-induced obese mice. To elucidate the mechanism of action of NRE, the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were measured in liver. Results showed that mice treated with NRE demonstrated a significant decrease in cumulative body weight and fat pad weight, a significant lowering in glucose and triglycerides serum levels, and an increase in the HDL-cholesterol serum level. Moreover mRNA expression results showed an enhancement of the expression of genes related to liver metabolism. Our findings suggest that NRE treatment had a protective or controlling effect against a high fat diet-induced obesity in C57B6J/L mice through the regulation of expression of genes involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis and thus the enhancement of the lipid metabolism in liver.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao L, Ha JH, Okla M, Chung S. Activation of autophagy and AMPK by gamma-tocotrienol suppresses the adipogenesis in human adipose derived stem cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:569-79. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Meshail Okla
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Horswell SD, Fryer LGD, Hutchison CE, Zindrou D, Speedy HE, Town MM, Duncan EJ, Sivapackianathan R, Patel HN, Jones EL, Braithwaite A, Salm MPA, Neuwirth CKY, Potter E, Anderson JR, Taylor KM, Seed M, Betteridge DJ, Crook MA, Wierzbicki AS, Scott J, Naoumova RP, Shoulders CC. CDKN2B expression in adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia patients. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3491-505. [PMID: 24103848 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the core biological processes perturbed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients. Annotation of FCHL and control microarray datasets revealed a distinctive FCHL transcriptome, characterized by gene expression changes regulating five overlapping systems: the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix; vesicular trafficking; lipid homeostasis; and cell cycle and apoptosis. Expression values for the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN2B were increased, replicating data from an independent FCHL cohort. In 3T3-L1 cells, CDKN2B knockdown induced C/EBPα expression and lipid accumulation. The minor allele at SNP site rs1063192 (C) was predicted to create a perfect seed for the human miRNA-323b-5p. A miR-323b-5p mimic significantly reduced endogenous CDKN2B protein levels and the activity of a CDKN2B 3'UTR luciferase reporter carrying the rs1063192 C allele. Although the allele displayed suggestive evidence of association with reduced CDKN2B mRNA in the MuTHER adipose tissue dataset, family studies suggest the association between increased CDKN2B expression and FCHL-lipid abnormalities is driven by factors external to this gene locus. In conclusion, from a comparative annotation analysis of two separate FCHL adipose tissue transcriptomes and a subsequent focus on CDKN2B, we propose that dysfunctional adipogenesis forms an integral part of FCHL pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Horswell
- Medical Research Council, Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hoque M, Dave S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid may be the key contributor in the BAMLET-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and tumoricidal action. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68390. [PMID: 24039698 PMCID: PMC3770648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin, which was given the acronym HAMLET. We report in this study that the oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (BAMLET) is hemolytic to human erythrocytes as well as to those derived from some other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis suggested binding of BAMLET to erythrocytes prior to induction of hemolysis. Free OA was hemolytic albeit at higher concentrations, while sodium oleate caused hemolysis at far lower concentrations. Amiloride and BaCl2 offered protection against BAMLET-induced hemolysis suggesting the involvement of a cation leak channel in the process. BAMLET coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose was not only hemolytic but also tumoricidal to Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in culture. The Sepharose-linked preparation was however not toxic to non-cancerous peritoneal macrophages and primary adipocytes. The tumoricidal action was studied using the MTT-assay while apoptosis induction measured by the annexin V-propidium iodide assay. Repeated incubation of the immobilized BAMLET with erythrocytes depleted oleic acid and decreased the hemolytic activity of the complex. Incubation of MCF-7 and Jurkat cells with OA, soluble or immobilized BAMLET resulted in increase in the uptake of Lyso Tracker Red and Nile red by the cells. The data presented support the contention that oleic acid plays the key role, both in BAMLET-induced hemolysis and tumoricidal action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Effect of Gambisan on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:789067. [PMID: 24069055 PMCID: PMC3773429 DOI: 10.1155/2013/789067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the antiadipogenic effect and possible mechanism of Gambisan on 3T3-L1 cells. For quality control, Gambisan was standardized by HPLC and the standard compounds ephedrine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and caffeine were screened. Cultured 3T3-L1 cells that had been induced to differentiate were treated with various concentrations of Gambisan or its major component extracts (Ephedra intermedia Schrenk, Atractylodes lancea DC., and Thea sinensis L.) for 72 hours for MTT assay to determine cell viability or 10 days for LDH assay, triglyceride assay, DNA content measurement, Oil red O staining, RT-PCR, and western blot. Gambisan significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by reducing triglyceride contents and lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner without obvious cytotoxicity. Viability and DNA content in 3T3-L1 cells treated with Gambisan were significantly higher than cells treated with the major component extracts at every concentration. The anti-adipogenic effects of Gambisan appeared to be mediated by a significant downregulation of the expression of lipoprotein lipase mRNA and PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1 protein apart from the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. Gambisan could act as a possible therapeutic agent for obesity. However, further studies including in vivo assays and clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy, safety and mechanisms of the antiobesity effects of Gambisan.
Collapse
|
50
|
Functional food ingredients for the management of obesity and associated co-morbidities – A review. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|