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López-Ornelas A, Escobedo-Avila I, Ramírez-García G, Lara-Rodarte R, Meléndez-Ramírez C, Urrieta-Chávez B, Barrios-García T, Cáceres-Chávez VA, Flores-Ponce X, Carmona F, Reynoso CA, Aguilar C, Kerik NE, Rocha L, Verdugo-Díaz L, Treviño V, Bargas J, Ramos-Mejía V, Fernández-Ruiz J, Campos-Romo A, Velasco I. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Immature Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Transplanted in Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cells 2023; 12:2738. [PMID: 38067166 PMCID: PMC10706241 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into specialized cells, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs), and Non-human primates (NHPs) injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine develop some alterations observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we obtained well-characterized DANs from hESCs and transplanted them into two parkinsonian monkeys to assess their behavioral and imaging changes. DANs from hESCs expressed dopaminergic markers, generated action potentials, and released dopamine (DA) in vitro. These neurons were transplanted bilaterally into the putamen of parkinsonian NHPs, and using magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we calculated the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), both employed for the first time for these purposes, to detect in vivo axonal and cellular density changes in the brain. Likewise, positron-emission tomography scans were performed to evaluate grafted DANs. Histological analyses identified grafted DANs, which were quantified stereologically. After grafting, animals showed signs of partially improved motor behavior in some of the HALLWAY motor tasks. Improvement in motor evaluations was inversely correlated with increases in bilateral FA. MD did not correlate with behavior but presented a negative correlation with FA. We also found higher 11C-DTBZ binding in positron-emission tomography scans associated with grafts. Higher DA levels measured by microdialysis after stimulation with a high-potassium solution or amphetamine were present in grafted animals after ten months, which has not been previously reported. Postmortem analysis of NHP brains showed that transplanted DANs survived in the putamen long-term, without developing tumors, in immunosuppressed animals. Although these results need to be confirmed with larger groups of NHPs, our molecular, behavioral, biochemical, and imaging findings support the integration and survival of human DANs in this pre-clinical PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Avila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-García
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rolando Lara-Rodarte
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - César Meléndez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Beetsi Urrieta-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - Verónica A. Cáceres-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Xóchitl Flores-Ponce
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Francia Carmona
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Reynoso
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Nora E. Kerik
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Leticia Verdugo-Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - José Bargas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Verónica Ramos-Mejía
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells, and Development Group, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Aurelio Campos-Romo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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Gilli F, Ceccarelli A. Magnetic resonance imaging approaches for studying mouse models of multiple sclerosis: A mini review. J Neurosci Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gilli
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire USA
| | - Antonia Ceccarelli
- Department of Neurology EpiCURA Centre Hospitalier Ath Belgium
- Hearthrhythmanagement, UZB Brussels Belgium
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Rikitake M, Hata J, Iida M, Seki F, Ito R, Komaki Y, Yamada C, Yoshimaru D, Okano HJ, Shirakawa T. Analysis of Brain Structure and Neural Organization in Dystrophin-Deficient Model Mice with Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 T. Open Neuroimag J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744400-v15-e2202040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dystrophin strengthens muscle cells; however, in muscular dystrophy, dystrophin is deficient due to an abnormal sugar chain. This abnormality occurs in skeletal muscle and in brain tissue.
Objective:
This study aimed to non-invasively analyze the neural organization of the brain in muscular dystrophy. We used a mouse model of muscular dystrophy to study whether changes in brain structure and neurodegeneration following dystrophin deficiency can be assessed by 7T magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods:
C57BL/10-mdx (X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy) mice were used as the dystrophic mouse model and healthy mice were used as controls. Ventricular enlargement is one of the most common brain malformations in dystrophin-deficient patients. Therefore, we examined whether ventricular enlargement was observed in C57BL/10-mdx using transverse-relaxation weighted images. Brain parenchyma analysis was performed using diffusion MRI with diffusion tensor images and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Parenchymal degeneration was assessed in terms of directional diffusion, nerve fiber diffusion, and dendritic scattering density.
Results:
For the volume of brain ventricles analyzed by T2WI, the average size was 1.5 times larger in mdx mice compared to control mice. In the brain parenchyma, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in parameters indicating disturbances in the direction of nerve fibers and dendritic scattering density in the white matter region.
Conclusion:
Our results show that changes in brain structure due to dystrophin deficiency can be assessed in detail without tissue destruction by combining diffusion tensor images and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging analyses.
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Silva RV, Morr AS, Mueller S, Koch SP, Boehm-Sturm P, Rodriguez-Sillke Y, Kunkel D, Tzschätzsch H, Kühl AA, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Sack I, Infante-Duarte C. Contribution of Tissue Inflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption to Brain Softening in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:701308. [PMID: 34497486 PMCID: PMC8419310 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.701308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes occurring during multiple sclerosis cause disseminated softening of brain tissue, as quantified by in vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). However, inflammation-mediated tissue alterations underlying the mechanical integrity of the brain remain unclear. We previously showed that blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption visualized by MRI using gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) does not correlate with tissue softening in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it is unknown how confined BBB changes and other inflammatory processes may determine local elasticity changes. Therefore, we aim to elucidate which inflammatory hallmarks are determinant for local viscoelastic changes observed in EAE brains. Hence, novel multifrequency MRE was applied in combination with GBCA-based MRI or very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs) in female SJL mice with induced adoptive transfer EAE (n = 21). VSOPs were doped with europium (Eu-VSOPs) to facilitate the post-mortem analysis. Accumulation of Eu-VSOPs, which was previously demonstrated to be sensitive to immune cell infiltration and ECM remodeling, was also found to be independent of GBCA enhancement. Following registration to a reference brain atlas, viscoelastic properties of the whole brain and areas visualized by either Gd or VSOP were quantified. MRE revealed marked disseminated softening across the whole brain in mice with established EAE (baseline: 3.1 ± 0.1 m/s vs. EAE: 2.9 ± 0.2 m/s, p < 0.0001). A similar degree of softening was observed in sites of GBCA enhancement i.e., mainly within cerebral cortex and brain stem (baseline: 3.3 ± 0.4 m/s vs. EAE: 3.0 ± 0.5 m/s, p = 0.018). However, locations in which only Eu-VSOP accumulated, mainly in fiber tracts (baseline: 3.0 ± 0.4 m/s vs. EAE: 2.6 ± 0.5 m/s, p = 0.023), softening was more pronounced when compared to non-hypointense areas (percent change of stiffness for Eu-VSOP accumulation: -16.81 ± 16.49% vs. for non-hypointense regions: -5.85 ± 3.81%, p = 0.048). Our findings suggest that multifrequency MRE is sensitive to differentiate between local inflammatory processes with a strong immune cell infiltrate that lead to VSOP accumulation, from disseminated inflammation and BBB leakage visualized by GBCA. These pathological events visualized by Eu-VSOP MRI and MRE may include gliosis, macrophage infiltration, alterations of endothelial matrix components, and/or extracellular matrix remodeling. MRE may therefore represent a promising imaging tool for non-invasive clinical assessment of different pathological aspects of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Vieira Silva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna S Morr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Paul Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmina Rodriguez-Sillke
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Millward JM, Ramos Delgado P, Smorodchenko A, Boehmert L, Periquito J, Reimann HM, Prinz C, Els A, Scheel M, Bellmann-Strobl J, Waiczies H, Wuerfel J, Infante-Duarte C, Chien C, Kuchling J, Pohlmann A, Zipp F, Paul F, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. Transient enlargement of brain ventricles during relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140040. [PMID: 33148886 PMCID: PMC7710287 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain ventricles are part of the fluid compartments bridging the CNS with the periphery. Using MRI, we previously observed a pronounced increase in ventricle volume (VV) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we examined VV changes in EAE and MS patients in longitudinal studies with frequent serial MRI scans. EAE mice underwent serial MRI for up to 2 months, with gadolinium contrast as a proxy of inflammation, confirmed by histopathology. We performed a time-series analysis of clinical and MRI data from a prior clinical trial in which RRMS patients underwent monthly MRI scans over 1 year. VV increased dramatically during preonset EAE, resolving upon clinical remission. VV changes coincided with blood-brain barrier disruption and inflammation. VV was normal at the termination of the experiment, when mice were still symptomatic. The majority of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients showed dynamic VV fluctuations. Patients with contracting VV had lower disease severity and a shorter duration. These changes demonstrate that VV does not necessarily expand irreversibly in MS but, over short time scales, can expand and contract. Frequent monitoring of VV in patients will be essential to disentangle the disease-related processes driving short-term VV oscillations from persistent expansion resulting from atrophy. Brain ventricle volumes expand and contract during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, suggesting that short-term inflammatory processes are interlaced with gradual brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Millward
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ramos Delgado
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Boehmert
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Periquito
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning M Reimann
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Prinz
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Els
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint venture of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens Wuerfel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Chien
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Kuchling
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint venture of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint venture of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Experimental Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Central nervous system targeted autoimmunity causes regional atrophy: a 9.4T MRI study of the EAE mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8488. [PMID: 31186441 PMCID: PMC6560061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophy has become a clinically relevant marker of progressive neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand atrophy, mouse models that feature atrophy along with other aspects of MS are needed. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS was used to determine the extent of atrophy in a model of inflammation-associated central nervous system pathology. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atlas-based volumetric analysis were performed to measure brain regional volumes in EAE mice. EAE brains were larger at peak clinical disease (days 14–16) compared to controls, with affected regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, and corpus callosum. Following peak clinical disease, EAE mice exhibited significant loss of volume at chronic long-term disease duration (day 66+). Atrophy was identified in both white and grey matter regions including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, corpus callosum, basal forebrain, midbrain, optic tract, and colliculus. Histological analysis of the atrophied cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus showed demyelination, and axonal/neuronal loss. We hypothesize this atrophy could be a result of inflammatory associated neurodegenerative processes, which may also be involved in MS. Using MRI and atlas-based volumetrics, EAE has the potential to be a test bed for treatments aimed at reducing progressive neurological deterioration in MS.
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Sato K, Tachikawa M, Watanabe M, Uchida Y, Terasaki T. Selective Protein Expression Changes of Leukocyte-Migration-Associated Cluster of Differentiation Antigens at the Blood–Brain Barrier in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation Mouse Model without Alteration of Transporters, Receptors or Tight Junction-Related Protein. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:944-953. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Michitoshi Watanabe
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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8
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Millward JM, Ariza de Schellenberger A, Berndt D, Hanke-Vela L, Schellenberger E, Waiczies S, Taupitz M, Kobayashi Y, Wagner S, Infante-Duarte C. Application of Europium-Doped Very Small Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Visualize Neuroinflammation with MRI and Fluorescence Microscopy. Neuroscience 2019; 403:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hubert V, Chauveau F, Dumot C, Ong E, Berner LP, Canet-Soulas E, Ghersi-Egea JF, Wiart M. Clinical Imaging of Choroid Plexus in Health and in Brain Disorders: A Mini-Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:34. [PMID: 30809124 PMCID: PMC6379459 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexuses (ChPs) perform indispensable functions for the development, maintenance and functioning of the brain. Although they have gained considerable interest in the last years, their involvement in brain disorders is still largely unknown, notably because their deep location inside the brain hampers non-invasive investigations. Imaging tools have become instrumental to the diagnosis and pathophysiological study of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the knowledge that has been gathered from the clinical imaging of ChPs in health and brain disorders not related to ChP pathologies. Results are discussed in the light of pre-clinical imaging studies. As seen in this review, to date, most clinical imaging studies of ChPs have used disease-free human subjects to demonstrate the value of different imaging biomarkers (ChP size, perfusion/permeability, glucose metabolism, inflammation), sometimes combined with the study of normal aging. Although very few studies have actually tested the value of ChP imaging biomarkers in patients with brain disorders, these pioneer studies identified ChP changes that are promising data for a better understanding and follow-up of diseases such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Imaging of immune cell trafficking at the ChPs has remained limited to pre-clinical studies so far but has the potential to be translated in patients for example using MRI coupled with the injection of iron oxide nanoparticles. Future investigations should aim at confirming and extending these findings and at developing translational molecular imaging tools for bridging the gap between basic molecular and cellular neuroscience and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Hubert
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, BIORAN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Dumot
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France.,HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Ong
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France.,HCL, Lyon, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Fluid Team and BIP Facility, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Wiart
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France.,CNRS, Lyon, France
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10
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Voskuhl RR, Sawalha AH, Itoh Y. Sex chromosome contributions to sex differences in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression. Mult Scler 2018; 24:22-31. [PMID: 29307297 PMCID: PMC5823689 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517737394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why are women more susceptible to multiple sclerosis, but men have worse disability progression? Sex differences in disease may be due to sex hormones, sex chromosomes, or both. OBJECTIVE Determine whether differences in sex chromosomes can contribute to sex differences in multiple sclerosis using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. METHODS Sex chromosome transgenic mice, which permit the study of sex chromosomes not confounded by differences in sex hormones, were used to examine an effect of sex chromosomes on autoimmunity and neurodegeneration, focusing on X chromosome genes. RESULTS T-lymphocyte DNA methylation studies of the X chromosome gene Foxp3 suggested that maternal versus paternal imprinting of X chromosome genes may underlie sex differences in autoimmunity. Bone marrow chimeras with the same immune system but different sex chromosomes in the central nervous system suggested that differential expression of the X chromosome gene Toll-like receptor 7 in neurons may contribute to sex differences in neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION Mapping the transcriptome and methylome in T lymphocytes and neurons in females versus males could reveal mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda R. Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, University of California, Los Angeles, Multiple Sclerosis Program, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Amr H. Sawalha
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5680
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- Department of Neurology, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, University of California, Los Angeles, Multiple Sclerosis Program, Los Angeles, California 90095
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11
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Golden LC, Voskuhl R. The importance of studying sex differences in disease: The example of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:633-643. [PMID: 27870415 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, scientific research has often focused on one sex, with assumptions that study of the other sex would yield similar results. However, many diseases affect males and females differently. The sex of a patient can affect the risk for both disease susceptibility and progression. Such differences can be brought to the laboratory bench to be investigated, potentially bringing new treatments back to the clinic. This method of research, known as a "bedside to bench to bedside" approach, has been applied to studying sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS). Females have greater susceptibly to MS, while males have worse disease progression. These two characteristics of the disease are influenced by the immune system and the nervous system, respectively. Thus, sex differences in each system must be studied. Personalized medicine has been at the forefront of research recently, and studying sex differences in disease fits with this initiative. This review will discuss the known sex differences in MS and highlight how investigating them can lead to new insights and potential treatments for both men and women. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Golden
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology IDP, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rhonda Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Waiczies S, Millward JM, Starke L, Delgado PR, Huelnhagen T, Prinz C, Marek D, Wecker D, Wissmann R, Koch SP, Boehm-Sturm P, Waiczies H, Niendorf T, Pohlmann A. Enhanced Fluorine-19 MRI Sensitivity using a Cryogenic Radiofrequency Probe: Technical Developments and Ex Vivo Demonstration in a Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9808. [PMID: 28851959 PMCID: PMC5575026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can be monitored using fluorine-19 (19F)-containing nanoparticles and 19F MRI. Previously we studied neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using room temperature (RT) 19F radiofrequency (RF) coils and low spatial resolution 19F MRI to overcome constraints in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This yielded an approximate localization of inflammatory lesions. Here we used a new 19F transceive cryogenic quadrature RF probe ( 19 F-CRP) that provides the SNR necessary to acquire superior spatially-resolved 19F MRI. First we characterized the signal-transmission profile of the 19 F-CRP. The 19 F-CRP was then benchmarked against a RT 19F/1H RF coil. For SNR comparison we used reference compounds including 19F-nanoparticles and ex vivo brains from EAE mice administered with 19F-nanoparticles. The transmit/receive profile of the 19 F-CRP diminished with increasing distance from the surface. This was counterbalanced by a substantial SNR gain compared to the RT coil. Intraparenchymal inflammation in the ex vivo EAE brains was more sharply defined when using 150 μm isotropic resolution with the 19 F-CRP, and reflected the known distribution of EAE histopathology. At this spatial resolution, most 19F signals were undetectable using the RT coil. The 19 F-CRP is a valuable tool that will allow us to study neuroinflammation with greater detail in future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Starke
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ramos Delgado
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Prinz
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan P Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, and NeuroCure, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, and NeuroCure, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- MRI TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Niendorf T, Pohlmann A, Reimann HM, Waiczies H, Peper E, Huelnhagen T, Seeliger E, Schreiber A, Kettritz R, Strobel K, Ku MC, Waiczies S. Advancing Cardiovascular, Neurovascular, and Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Small Rodents Using Cryogenic Radiofrequency Coil Technology. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:255. [PMID: 26617515 PMCID: PMC4642111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in pathologies of the brain, heart and kidney have gained immensely from the plethora of studies that have helped shape new methods in magnetic resonance (MR) for characterizing preclinical disease models. Methodical probing into preclinical animal models by MR is invaluable since it allows a careful interpretation and extrapolation of data derived from these models to human disease. In this review we will focus on the applications of cryogenic radiofrequency (RF) coils in small animal MR as a means of boosting image quality (e.g., by supporting MR microscopy) and making data acquisition more efficient (e.g., by reducing measuring time); both being important constituents for thorough investigational studies on animal models of disease. This review attempts to make the (bio)medical imaging, molecular medicine, and pharmaceutical communities aware of this productive ferment and its outstanding significance for anatomical and functional MR in small rodents. The goal is to inspire a more intense interdisciplinary collaboration across the fields to further advance and progress non-invasive MR methods that ultimately support thorough (patho)physiological characterization of animal disease models. In this review, current and potential future applications for the RF coil technology in cardiovascular, neurovascular, and renal disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Henning M. Reimann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Peper
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Till Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Erdmann Seeliger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty and Experimental and Clinical Research CenterBerlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty and Experimental and Clinical Research CenterBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
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14
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Carito V, Nicolò SD, Fiore M, Maccarone M, Tirassa P. Ocular nerve growth factor administration (oNGF) affects disease severity and inflammatory response in the brain of rats with experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:177-184. [PMID: 26629995 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rat acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to investigate the effects of ocularly administered nerve growth factor (oNGF) on disease development and brain inflammation. It was found that oNGF affects clinical scores. However, EAE rats receiving oNGF treatment showed reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebellum and the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex. These data confirm the ability of oNGF to counteract the effects of EAE in the brain and suggest a role for oNGF in the regulation of local inflammatory responses observed in the acute phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carito
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Nicolò
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Maccarone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR/IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143) Rome, Italy
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15
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Millward JM, Guo J, Berndt D, Braun J, Sack I, Infante-Duarte C. Tissue structure and inflammatory processes shape viscoelastic properties of the mouse brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:831-839. [PMID: 25963743 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging method that reveals the mechanical properties of tissue, modelled as a combination of " viscosity" and " elasticity" . We recently showed reduced brain viscoelasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared with healthy controls, and in the relapsing-remitting disease model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms by which these intrinsic tissue properties become altered remain unclear. This study investigates whether distinct regions in the mouse brain differ in their native viscoelastic properties, and how these properties are affected during chronic EAE in C57Bl/6 mice and in mice lacking the cytokine interferon-gamma. IFN-γ(-/-) mice exhibit a more severe EAE phenotype, with amplified inflammation in the cerebellum and brain stem. Brain scans were performed in the sagittal plane using a 7 T animal MRI scanner, and the anterior (cerebral) and posterior (cerebellar) regions analyzed separately. MRE investigations were accompanied by contrast-enhanced MRI scans, and by histopathology and gene expression analysis ex vivo. Compared with the cerebrum, the cerebellum in healthy mice has a lower viscoelasticity, i.e. it is intrinsically " softer" . This was seen both in the wild-type mice and the IFNγ(-/-) mice. During chronic EAE, C57Bl/6 mice did not show altered brain viscoelasticity. However, as expected, the IFNγ(-/-) mice showed a more severe EAE phenotype, and these mice did show altered brain elasticity during the course of disease. The magnitude of the elasticity reduction correlated with F4/80 gene expression, a marker for macrophages/microglia in inflamed central nervous system tissue. Together these results demonstrate that MRE is sensitive enough to discriminate between viscoelastic properties in distinct anatomical structures in the mouse brain, and to confirm a further relationship between cellular inflammation and mechanical alterations of the brain. This study underscores the utility of MRE to monitor pathological tissue alterations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Millward
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Berndt
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Ji Y, Waiczies H, Winter L, Neumanova P, Hofmann D, Rieger J, Mekle R, Waiczies S, Niendorf T. Eight-channel transceiver RF coil array tailored for ¹H/¹⁹F MR of the human knee and fluorinated drugs at 7.0 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:726-737. [PMID: 25916199 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an eight-channel dual-tuned transceiver surface RF coil array for combined (1)H/(19)F MR of the human knee at 7.0 T following application of (19)F-containing drugs. The (1)H/(19)F RF coil array includes a posterior module with two (1)H loop elements and two anterior modules, each consisting of one (1)H and two (19)F elements. The decoupling of neighbor elements is achieved by a shared capacitor. Electromagnetic field simulations were performed to afford uniform transmission fields and to be in accordance with RF safety guidelines. Localized (19)F MRS was conducted with 47 and 101 mmol/L of flufenamic acid (FA) – a (19)F-containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug – to determine T1 and T2 and to study the (19)F signal-to-dose relationship. The suitability of the proposed approach for (1)H/(19)F MR was examined in healthy subjects. Reflection coefficients of each channel were less than -17 dB and coupling between channels was less than -11 dB. Q(L)/Q(U) was less than 0.5 for all elements. MRS results demonstrated signal stability with 1% variation. T1 and T2 relaxation times changed with concentration of FA: T1 /T2 = 673/31 ms at 101 mmol/L and T1 /T2 = 616/26 ms at 47 mmol/L. A uniform signal and contrast across the patella could be observed in proton imaging. The sensitivity of the RF coil enabled localization of FA ointment administrated to the knee with an in-plane spatial resolution of (1.5 × 1.5) mm(2) achieved in a total scan time of approximately three minutes, which is well suited for translational human studies. This study shows the feasibility of combined (1)H/(19)F MRI of the knee at 7.0 T and proposes T1 and T2 mapping methods for quantifying fluorinated drugs in vivo. Further technological developments are necessary to promote real-time bioavailability studies and quantification of (19)F-containing medicinal compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ji
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helmar Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Winter
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavla Neumanova
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Hofmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Mekle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Anatomic and pathological characterization of choroidal melanoma using multimodal imaging. Melanoma Res 2015; 25:252-8. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Pannell M, Meier MA, Szulzewsky F, Matyash V, Endres M, Kronenberg G, Prinz V, Waiczies S, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:1157-72. [PMID: 25523105 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca(2+) increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer's disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclerosis. Microglia cultured from adult and neonatal brain contained a carbachol-sensitive subpopulation (8 and 9 %), which was increased by treatment with interferon-γ to around 60 %. This increase was sensitive to blockers of protein synthesis and correlated with an upregulation of the M3 receptor subtype and with an increased expression of MHC-I and MHC-II. Carbachol was a chemoattractant for microglia and decreased their phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pannell
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Almut Meier
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vitali Matyash
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Klaren RE, Motl RW, Woods JA, Miller SD. Effects of exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model of multiple sclerosis). J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:14-9. [PMID: 24999244 PMCID: PMC4404150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has improved many outcomes in "clinical" research involving persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is limited understanding of the underlying "basic" pathophysiological mechanisms. The animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), seems ideal for examining the effects of exercise training on MS-disease pathophysiology. EAE is an autoimmune T-helper cell-mediated disease characterized by T-cell and monocyte infiltration and inflammation in the CNS. To that end, this paper briefly describes common models of EAE, reviews existing research on exercise and EAE, and then identifies future research directions for understanding the consequences of exercise training using EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Klaren
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Alomair OI, Smith MT, Brereton IM, Galloway GJ, Kurniawan ND. Current developments in MRI for assessing rodent models of multiple sclerosis. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: MRI is a key radiological imaging technique that plays an important role in the diagnosis and characterization of heterogeneous multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Various MRI methodologies such as conventional T 1/T 2 contrast, contrast agent enhancement, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging and susceptibility weighted imaging have been developed to determine the severity of MS pathology, including demyelination/remyelination and brain connectivity impairment from axonal loss. The broad spectrum of MS pathology manifests in diverse patient MRI presentations and affects the accuracy of patient diagnosis. To study specific pathological aspects of the disease, rodent models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, virus-induced and toxin-induced demyelination have been developed. This review aims to present key developments in MRI methodology for better characterization of rodent models of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman I Alomair
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian M Brereton
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham J Galloway
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nathoo N, Yong VW, Dunn JF. Understanding disease processes in multiple sclerosis through magnetic resonance imaging studies in animal models. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:743-56. [PMID: 24936425 PMCID: PMC4053634 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are exciting new advances in multiple sclerosis (MS) resulting in a growing understanding of both the complexity of the disorder and the relative involvement of grey matter, white matter and inflammation. Increasing need for preclinical imaging is anticipated, as animal models provide insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. Magnetic resonance (MR) is the key imaging tool used to diagnose and to monitor disease progression in MS, and thus will be a cornerstone for future research. Although gadolinium-enhancing and T2 lesions on MRI have been useful for detecting MS pathology, they are not correlative of disability. Therefore, new MRI methods are needed. Such methods require validation in animal models. The increasing necessity for MRI of animal models makes it critical and timely to understand what research has been conducted in this area and what potential there is for use of MRI in preclinical models of MS. Here, we provide a review of MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies that have been carried out in animal models of MS that focus on pathology. We compare the MRI phenotypes of animals and patients and provide advice on how best to use animal MR studies to increase our understanding of the linkages between MR and pathology in patients. This review describes how MRI studies of animal models have been, and will continue to be, used in the ongoing effort to understand MS. MRI studies of pathology in various animal models of MS are reviewed. MRI phenotypes in animal models of MS and MS patients are compared. Animal MRI can increase understanding of links between MR and pathology in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Nathoo
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Experimental Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Pesaresi I, Sabato M, Desideri I, Puglioli M, Moretti P, Cosottini M. 3.0T MR investigation of CLIPPERS: Role of susceptibility weighted and perfusion weighted imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1640-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles highlight early involvement of the choroid plexus in central nervous system inflammation. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:e00110. [PMID: 23452162 PMCID: PMC3610189 DOI: 10.1042/an20120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation during multiple sclerosis involves immune cell infiltration and disruption of the BBB (blood–brain barrier). Both processes can be visualized by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), in multiple sclerosis patients and in the animal model EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). We previously showed that VSOPs (very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles) reveal CNS (central nervous system) lesions in EAE which are not detectable by conventional contrast agents in MRI. We hypothesized that VSOP may help detect early, subtle inflammatory events that would otherwise remain imperceptible. To investigate the capacity of VSOP to reveal early events in CNS inflammation, we induced EAE in SJL mice using encephalitogenic T-cells, and administered VSOP prior to onset of clinical symptoms. In parallel, we administered VSOP to mice at peak disease, and to unmanipulated controls. We examined the distribution of VSOP in the CNS by MRI and histology. Prior to disease onset, in asymptomatic mice, VSOP accumulated in the choroid plexus and in spinal cord meninges in the absence of overt inflammation. However, VSOP was undetectable in the CNS of non-immunized control mice. At peak disease, VSOP was broadly distributed; we observed particles in perivascular inflammatory lesions with apparently preserved glia limitans. Moreover, at peak disease, VSOP was prominent in the choroid plexus and was seen in elongated endothelial structures, co-localized with phagocytes, and diffusely disseminated in the parenchyma, suggesting multiple entry mechanisms of VSOP into the CNS. Thus, using VSOP we were able to discriminate between inflammatory events occurring in established EAE and, importantly, we identified CNS alterations that appear to precede immune cell infiltration and clinical onset.
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Lepore S, Waiczies H, Hentschel J, Ji Y, Skodowski J, Pohlmann A, Millward JM, Paul F, Wuerfel J, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. Enlargement of cerebral ventricles as an early indicator of encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72841. [PMID: 23991157 PMCID: PMC3750011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis involve an invasion of immune cells that ultimately leads to white matter demyelination, neurodegeneration and development of neurological symptoms. A clinical diagnosis is often made when neurodegenerative processes are already ongoing. In an attempt to seek early indicators of disease, we studied the temporal and spatial distribution of brain modifications in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In a thorough magnetic resonance imaging study performed with EAE mice, we observed significant enlargement of the ventricles prior to disease clinical manifestation and an increase in free water content within the cerebrospinal fluid as demonstrated by changes in T2 relaxation times. The increase in ventricle size was seen in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. In some EAE mice the ventricle size started returning to normal values during disease remission. In parallel to this macroscopic phenomenon, we studied the temporal evolution of microscopic lesions commonly observed in the cerebellum also starting prior to disease onset. Our data suggest that changes in ventricle size during the early stages of brain inflammation could be an early indicator of the events preceding neurological disease and warrant further exploration in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lepore
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmar Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Hentschel
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yiyi Ji
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Skodowski
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M. Millward
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wuerfel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Waiczies H, Lepore S, Drechsler S, Qadri F, Purfürst B, Sydow K, Dathe M, Kühne A, Lindel T, Hoffmann W, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. Visualizing brain inflammation with a shingled-leg radio-frequency head probe for 19F/1H MRI. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1280. [PMID: 23412352 PMCID: PMC3573344 DOI: 10.1038/srep01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides the opportunity of tracking cells in vivo. Major challenges in dissecting cells from the recipient tissue and signal sensitivity constraints albeit exist. In this study, we aimed to tackle these limitations in order to study inflammation in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We constructed a very small dual-tunable radio frequency (RF) birdcage probe tailored for 19F (fluorine) and 1H (proton) MR mouse neuroimaging. The novel design eliminated the need for extra electrical components on the probe structure and afforded a uniform -field as well as good SNR. We employed fluorescently-tagged 19F nanoparticles and could study the dynamics of inflammatory cells between CNS and lymphatic system during development of encephalomyelitis, even within regions of the brain that are otherwise not easily visualized by conventional probes. 19F/1H MR Neuroimaging will allow us to study the nature of immune cell infiltration during brain inflammation over an extensive period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
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Waiczies H, Guenther M, Skodowski J, Lepore S, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. Monitoring dendritic cell migration using 19F / 1H magnetic resonance imaging. J Vis Exp 2013:e50251. [PMID: 23542739 DOI: 10.3791/50251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous advancements in noninvasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have greatly improved our ability to study physiological or pathological processes in living organisms. MRI is also proving to be a valuable tool for capturing transplanted cells in vivo. Initial cell labeling strategies for MRI made use of contrast agents that influence the MR relaxation times (T1, T2, T2*) and lead to an enhancement (T1) or depletion (T2*) of signal where labeled cells are present. T2* enhancement agents such as ultrasmall iron oxide agents (USPIO) have been employed to study cell migration and some have also been approved by the FDA for clinical application. A drawback of T2* agents is the difficulty to distinguish the signal extinction created by the labeled cells from other artifacts such as blood clots, micro bleeds or air bubbles. In this article, we describe an emerging technique for tracking cells in vivo that is based on labeling the cells with fluorine ((19)F)-rich particles. These particles are prepared by emulsifying perfluorocarbon (PFC) compounds and then used to label cells, which subsequently can be imaged by (19)F MRI. Important advantages of PFCs for cell tracking in vivo include (i) the absence of carbon-bound (19)F in vivo, which then yields background-free images and complete cell selectivityand(ii) the possibility to quantify the cell signal by (19)F MR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar Waiczies
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine
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Functional and morphological cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of mice using a cryogenic quadrature radiofrequency coil. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42383. [PMID: 22870323 PMCID: PMC3411643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac morphology and function assessment by magnetic resonance imaging is of increasing interest for a variety of mouse models in pre-clinical cardiac research, such as myocardial infarction models or myocardial injury/remodeling in genetically or pharmacologically induced hypertension. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) constraints, however, limit image quality and blood myocardium delineation, which crucially depend on high spatial resolution. Significant gains in SNR with a cryogenically cooled RF probe have been shown for mouse brain MRI, yet the potential of applying cryogenic RF coils for cardiac MR (CMR) in mice is, as of yet, untapped. This study examines the feasibility and potential benefits of CMR in mice employing a 400 MHz cryogenic RF surface coil, compared with a conventional mouse heart coil array operating at room temperature. The cryogenic RF coil affords SNR gains of 3.0 to 5.0 versus the conventional approach and hence enables an enhanced spatial resolution. This markedly improved image quality – by better deliniation of myocardial borders and enhanced depiction of papillary muscles and trabeculae – and facilitated a more accurate cardiac chamber quantification, due to reduced intraobserver variability. In summary the use of a cryogenically cooled RF probe represents a valuable means of enhancing the capabilities of CMR of mice.
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