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Chen M, Hei J, Huang Y, Liu X, Huang Y. In vivo safety evaluation method for nanomaterials for cancer therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03466-9. [PMID: 38573443 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are extensively used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases because of their distinctive physicochemical properties, including the small size and ease of modification. The approval of numerous nanomaterials for clinical treatment has led to a significant increase in human exposure to these materials. When nanomaterials enter organisms, they interact with DNA, cells, tissues, and organs, potentially causing various adverse effects, such as genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and damage to tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the side effects and toxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials thoroughly before their clinical applications. Although methods for in vitro safety evaluation of nanomaterials are well established, systematic methods for in vivo safety evaluation are still lacking. This review focuses on the in vivo safety evaluation of nanomaterials and explores their potential effects. In addition, the experimental methods for assessing such effects in various disciplines, including toxicology, pharmacology, physiopathology, immunology, and bioinformatics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Tan YZ, Thomsen LR, Shrestha N, Camisasca A, Giordani S, Rosengren R. Short-Term Intravenous Administration of Carbon Nano-Onions is Non-Toxic in Female Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3897-3912. [PMID: 37483316 PMCID: PMC10361275 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s414438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A nanoscale drug carrier could have a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic uses provided that the carrier is biocompatible in vivo. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) have shown promising results as a nanocarrier for drug delivery. However, the systemic effect of CNOs in rodents is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of CNOs following intravenous administration in female BALB/c mice. Results Single or repeated administration of oxi-CNOs (125, 250 or 500 µg) did not affect mouse behavior or organ weight and there was also no evidence of hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Histological examination of organ slices revealed a significant dose-dependent accumulation of CNO aggregates in the spleen, liver and lungs (p<0.05, ANOVA), with a trace amount of aggregates appearing in the kidneys. However, CNO aggregates in the liver did not affect CYP450 enzymes, as total hepatic CYP450 as well as CYP3A catalytic activity, as meased by erythromycin N-demethylation, and protein levels showed no significant changes between the treatment groups compared to vehicle control. CNOs also failed to act as competitive inhibitors of CYP3A in vitro in both mouse and human liver microsomes. Furthermore, CNOs did not cause oxidative stress, as indicated by the unchanged malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity in liver microsomes and organ homogenates. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence that short-term intravenous administration of oxi-CNOs is non-toxic to female mice and thus could be a promising novel and safe drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Lucy R Thomsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nensi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, D09 NA55, Ireland
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, D09 NA55, Ireland
| | - Rhonda Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Arredondo-Ochoa T, Silva-Martínez GA. Microemulsion Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.753947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical compounds are often prone to display low bioavailability and biological degradation represents an important drawback. Due to the above, the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that enables the introduction of a pharmaceutical compound through the body to achieve a therapeutic effect in a controlled manner is an expanding application. Henceforth, new strategies have been developed to control several parameters considered essential for enhancing delivery of drugs. Nanostructure synthesis by microemulsions (ME) consist of enclosing a substance within a wall material at the nanoscale level, allowing to control the size and surface area of the resulting particle. This nanotechnology has shown the importance on targeted drug delivery to improve their stability by protecting a bioactive compound from an adverse environment, enhanced bioavailability as well as controlled release. Thus, a lower dose administration could be achieved by minimizing systemic side effects and decreasing toxicity. This review will focus on describing the different biocompatible nanostructures synthesized by ME as controlled DDS for therapeutic purposes.
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Prajnamitra RP, Chen HC, Lin CJ, Chen LL, Hsieh PCH. Nanotechnology Approaches in Tackling Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102017. [PMID: 31137787 PMCID: PMC6572019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have continued to remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Poor proliferation capability of adult cardiomyocytes disables the heart from regenerating new myocardium after a myocardial ischaemia event and therefore weakens the heart in the long term, which may result in heart failure and death. Delivery of cardioprotective therapeutics soon after the event can help to protect the heart from further cell death and improve cardiac function, but delivery methods and potential side effects of these therapeutics may be an issue. Advances in nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles for drug delivery, have enabled researchers to obtain better drug targeting capability, thus increasing the therapeutic outcome. Detailed study of nanoparticles in vivo is useful as it can provide insight for future treatments. Nanogel can help to create a more favourable environment, not only for a sustained delivery of therapeutics, but also for a better navigation of the therapeutics to the targeted sites. Finally, if the damage to the myocardium is too severe for drug treatment, nanopatch can help to improve cardiac function and healing by becoming a platform for pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to grow for the purpose of cell-based regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Putra Prajnamitra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Lun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Patrick Ching-Ho Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Emergence in the functionalized carbon nanotubes as smart nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. FULLERENS, GRAPHENES AND NANOTUBES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7149356 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813691-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the newer generation advanced materials for diverse applications, starting from physical, mechanical, chemical and biological sciences. However, the present era of healthcare industry is extensively using CNTs for exploring their applications in mitigating diverse needs. The considered attention in CNTs is due to their inimitable properties such as size and aspect ratio covering surface area to the length, and amenable electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Available in diverse forms, viz. single-walled, double walled or multi-walled structures, CNTs of different forms possess multiple advantages in various healthcare segments, and especially in drug delivery for the treatment of diseases. CNTs have proven to be useful in specific drug delivery applications such as controlled and targeted drug delivery to desired sites such as lymphatic and ocular systems, brain and other cancerous tissues. Multiple research reports have been published till date, which unequivocally gives testimony to the potential applications of CNTs. The present book chapter, in this regard, endeavor to provide an overview on synthesis, characterization and drug delivery applications of CNTs. The chapter highlights on recent regulatory standards on commercial production and safety testing of the CNTs for translating them into market.
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Chen WY, Yang RC, Wang HM, Zhang L, Hu K, Li CH, You R, Yin L, Guan YQ. Self-Assembled Heterojunction Carbon Nanotubes Synergizing with Photoimmobilized IGF-1 Inhibit Cellular Senescence. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2413-26. [PMID: 27385628 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of artificial and functional structures for bone tissue engineering has been well recognized but the associated cell senescence issue remains much less concerned so far. In this work, surface-modified polycaprolactone-polylactic acid scaffolds using self-assembled heterojunction carbon nanotubes (sh-CNTs) combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 are synthesized and a series of structural and biological characterizations are carried out, with particular attention to cell senescence mechanism. It is revealed that the modified scaffolds can up-regulate the expressions of alkaline phosphates and bone morphogenetic proteins while down-regulate the expressions of senescence-related proteins in mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating the highly preferred anti-senescence functionality of the sh-CNTs modified scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, it is also found that with sh-CNTs, scaffolds can accelerate bone healing with extremely low toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Ya Chen
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Run-Cai Yang
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
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Rammohan A, Mishra G, Mahaling B, Tayal L, Mukhopadhyay A, Gambhir S, Sharma A, Sivakumar S. PEGylated Carbon Nanocapsule: A Universal Reactor and Carrier for In Vivo Delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:350-362. [PMID: 26646711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed PEGylated mesoporous carbon nanocapsule as a universal nanoreactor and carrier for the delivery of highly crystalline hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanoparticles (NPs) which shows superior biocompatibility, dispersion in body fluids, good biodistribution and NPs independent cellular uptake mechanism. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic NPs without surface modification were synthesized in situ inside the cavities of mesoporous carbon capsules (200-850 nm). Stable and inert nature of carbon capsules in a wide range of reaction conditions like high temperature and harsh solvents, make it suitable for being used as nano/microreactors for the syntheses of a variety of NPs for bioimaging applications, such as NaYF4:Eu(3+)(5%), LaVO4:Eu(3+)(10%), GdVO4:Eu(3+)(10%), Y2O3:Eu(3+)(5%), GdF3:Tb(3+)(10%), Mo, Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag. Multiple types of NPs (Y2O3:Eu(3+)(5%) (hydrophobic) and GdF3:Tb(3+)(10%) (hydrophilic)) were coloaded inside the carbon capsules to create a multimodal agent for magneto-fluorescence imaging. Our in vivo study clearly suggests that carbon capsules have biodistribution in many organs including liver, heart, spleen, lungs, blood pool, and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Rammohan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Gargi Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Binapani Mahaling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Lokesh Tayal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Ahana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Sanjay Gambhir
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
- Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
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Efremova LV, Vasilchenko AS, Rakov EG, Deryabin DG. Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:869361. [PMID: 26221608 PMCID: PMC4449897 DOI: 10.1155/2015/869361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The plate-like graphene shells (GS) produced by an original methane pyrolysis method and their derivatives graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide paper (GO-P) were evaluated with luminescent Escherichia coli biotests and additional bacterial-based assays which together revealed the graphene-family nanomaterials' toxicity and bioactivity mechanisms. Bioluminescence inhibition assay, fluorescent two-component staining to evaluate cell membrane permeability, and atomic force microscopy data showed GO expressed bioactivity in aqueous suspension, whereas GS suspensions and the GO-P surface were assessed as nontoxic materials. The mechanism of toxicity of GO was shown not to be associated with oxidative stress in the targeted soxS::lux and katG::lux reporter cells; also, GO did not lead to significant mechanical disruption of treated bacteria with the release of intracellular DNA contents into the environment. The well-coordinated time- and dose-dependent surface charge neutralization and transport and energetic disorders in the Escherichia coli cells suggest direct membrane interaction, internalization, and perturbation (i.e., "membrane stress") as a clue to graphene oxide's mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V. Efremova
- Department of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Vasilchenko
- Department of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, RAS, Pionerskaya Street 11, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Eduard G. Rakov
- D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Square 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Dmitry G. Deryabin
- Department of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
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Kim DH, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Procissi D, Nicolai J, Omary RA, Larson AC. Temperature-sensitive magnetic drug carriers for concurrent gemcitabine chemohyperthermia. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:714-24. [PMID: 24574255 PMCID: PMC4008717 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer via local hyperthermia potentiated via a multi-functional nanoplatform permitting both in vivo heating and drug delivery is the goal of this study. Here, a chemohyperthermia approach to synergistically achieve high intra-tumoral drug concentrations, while permitting concurrent hyperthermia for more effective tumor cell kill and growth inhibition, is proposed. Drug delivery and hyperthermia are achieved using a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-grafted porous magnetic drug carrier that is MRI visible to permit in vivo visualization of the biodistribution. These synthesized magnetic drug carriers produce strong T2 -weighted image contrast and permit efficient heating using low-magnetic-field intensities. The thermomechanical response of HPC permits triggered GEM release confirmed during in vitro drug release studies. During in vitro studies, pancreatic cancer cell growth is significantly inhibited (≈82% reduction) with chemohyperthermia compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone. Using PANC-1 xenografts in nude mice, the delivery of injected GEM-loaded magnetic carriers (GEM-magnetic carriers) is visualized with both MRI and fluorescent imaging techniques. Chemohyperthermia with intra-tumoral injections of GEM-magnetic carriers (followed by heating) results in significant increases in apoptotic cell death compared to tumors treated with GEM-magnetic carriers injections alone. Chemohyperthermia with GEM-magnetic carriers offers the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of GEM for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In vivo delivery confirmation with non-invasive imaging techniques could permit patient-specific adjustments therapeutic regimens for improve longitudinal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jodi Nicolai
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reed A. Omary
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew C. Larson
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Evanston, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Kavoosi G, Dadfar SMM, Dadfar SMA, Ahmadi F, Niakosari M. Investigation of gelatin/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite films as packaging materials. Food Sci Nutr 2013; 2:65-73. [PMID: 24804066 PMCID: PMC3951552 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin composite films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% w/w gelatin) as nanofiller. The water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical, and antibacterial properties of the films were examined. Water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, and WVP for gelatin films were 45 ± 1%, 821 ± 42%, 45 ± 1.1%, and 0.4 ± 0.022 g mm/m2 kPa h, respectively. Incorporation of MWCNT caused a significant decrease in water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, and WVP. Gelatin/MWCNT films containing 1–1.5% MWCNT showed the lowest water vapor transmission. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus for gelatin films were 13.4 ± 1.2 MPa, 95 ± 5%, and 45.4 ± 7 MPa, respectively. Incorporation of MWCNT caused a significant increase in tensile strength and decrease in the elongation at break. The largest mechanical strength was found at 1.5% MWCNT. All gelatin/MWCNT films showed significant antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Our results suggest that the gelatin/MWCNT composites films could be used as a very attractive alternative to traditional materials for different biomedical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farhad Ahmadi
- Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Niakosari
- Department of Food Science, Shiraz University Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
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Moore TL, Grimes SW, Lewis RL, Alexis F. Multilayered polymer-coated carbon nanotubes to deliver dasatinib. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:276-82. [PMID: 24294824 DOI: 10.1021/mp400448w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered, multifunctional polymer coatings were grafted onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a one-pot, ring-opening polymerization in order to control the release kinetic and therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib. Biocompatible, biodegradable multilayered coatings composed of poly(glycolide) (PGA) and poly(lactide) (PLA) were polymerized directly onto hydroxyl-functionalized CNT surfaces. Sequential addition of monomers into the reaction vessel enabled multilayered coatings of PLA-PGA or PGA-PLA. Poly(ethylene glycol) capped the polymer chain ends, resulting in a multifunctional amphiphilic coating. Multilayer polymer coatings on CNTs enabled control of the anticancer drug dasatinib's release kinetics and enhanced the in vitro therapeutic efficacy against U-87 glioblastoma compared to monolayer polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Moore T, Chen H, Morrison R, Wang F, Anker JN, Alexis F. Nanotechnologies for noninvasive measurement of drug release. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:24-39. [PMID: 24215280 DOI: 10.1021/mp400419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of chemotherapy and radiotherapy agents are available for treating cancer, but a critical challenge is to deliver these agents locally to cancer cells and tumors while minimizing side effects from systemic delivery. Nanomedicine uses nanoparticles with diameters in the range of ∼1-100 nm to encapsulate drugs and target them to tumors. The nanoparticle enhances local drug delivery efficiency to the tumors via entrapment in leaky tumor vasculature, molecular targeting to cells expressing cancer biomarkers, and/or magnetic targeting. In addition, the localization can be enhanced using triggered release in tumors via chemical, thermal, or optical signals. In order to optimize these nanoparticle drug delivery strategies, it is important to be able to image where the nanoparticles distribute and how rapidly they release their drug payloads. This Review aims to evaluate the current state of nanotechnology platforms for cancer theranostics (therapeutic and diagnostic particles) that are capable of noninvasive measurement of release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Li HC, Hsieh FJ, Chen CP, Chang MY, Hsieh PCH, Chen CC, Hung SU, Wu CC, Chang HC. The hemocompatibility of oxidized diamond nanocrystals for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3044. [PMID: 24157697 PMCID: PMC6505714 DOI: 10.1038/srep03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials have recently received enormous attention for biomedical applications. However, increasing evidence indicates that they are cytotoxic and can cause inflammatory responses in the body. Here, we show that monocrystalline nanodiamonds (NDs) synthesized by high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) methods and purified by air oxidation and strong oxidative acid treatments have excellent hemocompatibility with negligible hemolytic and thrombogenic activities. Cell viability assays with human primary endothelial cells suggested that the oxidized HPHT-NDs (dimensions of 35-500 nm) are non-cytotoxic. No significant elevation of the inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-1β and IL-6 was detected in mice after intravenous injection of the nanocrystals in vivo. Using a hindlimb-ischemia mouse model, we demonstrated that 35-nm NDs after covalent conjugation with polyarginine are useful as a drug delivery vehicle of heparin for prolonged anticoagulation treatment. The present study lays a solid foundation for further therapeutic applications of NDs in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Cheng Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Feng-Jen Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ching-Pin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Patrick C. H. Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Shain-Un Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chih Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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14
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Moore TL, Pitzer JE, Podila R, Wang X, Lewis RL, Grimes SW, Wilson JR, Skjervold E, Brown JM, Rao A, Alexis F. Multifunctional Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Safe Drug Delivery. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2013; 30:365-373. [PMID: 27642231 PMCID: PMC5022564 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Though progress in the use carbon nanotubes in medicine has been most encouraging for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, any translational success must involve overcoming the toxicological and surface functionalization challenges inherent in the use of such nanotubes. Ideally, a carbon nanotube-based drug delivery system would exhibit low toxicity, sustained drug release, and persist in circulation without aggregation. We report a carbon nanotube (CNT) coated with a biocompatible block-co-polymer composed of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) to reduce short-term and long-term toxicity, sustain drug release of paclitaxel (PTX), and prevent aggregation. The copolymer coating on the surface of CNTs significantly reduces in vitro toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and U-87 glioblastoma cells. Moreover, coating reduces in vitro inflammatory response in rat lung epithelial cells. Compared to non-coated CNTs, in vivo studies show no long-term inflammatory response with CNT coated with PLA-PEG (CLP) and the surface coating significantly decreases acute toxicity by doubling the maximum tolerated dose in mice. Using polymer coatings, we can encapsulate PTX and release over one week to increase the therapeutic efficacy compared to free drugs. In vivo biodistribution and histology studies suggests a lower degree of aggregation in tissues in that CLP accumulate more in the brain and less in the spleen than the CNT-PLA (CL) formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
| | - Joshua E. Pitzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina
University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | | | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina
University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Robert L. Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
| | - Stuart W. Grimes
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
| | - James R. Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
| | - Even Skjervold
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina
University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Apparao Rao
- Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634,
USA
| | - Frank Alexis
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
29634, USA
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