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Retnosari R, Ali AH, Zainalabidin S, Ugusman A, Oka N, Latip J. The recent discovery of a promising pharmacological scaffold derived from carvacrol: A review. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129826. [PMID: 38830427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carvacrol, called CA, is a dynamic phytoconstituent characterized by a phenol ring abundantly sourced from various natural reservoirs. This versatile scaffold serves as a pivotal template for the design and synthesis of novel drug molecules, harboring promising biological activities. The active sites positioned at C-4, C-6, and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of CA offer fertile ground for creating potent drug candidates from a pharmacological standpoint. In this comprehensive review, we delve into diverse synthesis pathways and explore the biological activity of CA derivatives. We aim to illuminate the potential of these derivatives in discovering and developing efficacious treatments against a myriad of life-threatening diseases. By scrutinizing the structural modifications and pharmacophore placements that enhance the activity of CA derivatives, we aspire to inspire the innovation of novel therapeutics with heightened potency and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Retnosari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Natsuhisa Oka
- International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mahmoud AA, Zayed Mohamed M, Hassen EZ. Protective effects of Urtica dioica on the cerebral cortex damage induced by Potassium bromate in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:81-93. [PMID: 38017656 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2287664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate is used in cheese production, beer making and is also used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic. It is a proven carcinogen as it is a strong oxidizing agent that generates free radicals during xenobiotic metabolism. Urtica dioica (Ud) (from the plants' family of Urticaceae) is a plant that has long been used as a medicinal plant in many parts of the world. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunosuppressive properties. So, this study aimed to clarify the effect of Potassium bromate on the histological structure of cerebral cortex of adult male albino rats, evaluate the possible protective role of Urtica dioica. Thirty adult healthy male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I (Control group), group II (KBrO3 treated group). Group III (KBrO3 and Urtica dioica treated group).At the end of the experiment, rats in all groups were anesthetized and specimens were processed for light and electron microscope. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. Nerve cells of the treated group showed irregular contours, dark nuclei, irregular nuclear envelopes, dilated RER cisternae, and mitochondria with ruptured cristae. Vacuolated neuropil was also observed. Immunohistochemically, stained sections for GFAP showed strong positive reaction in the processes of astrocytes. Recovery group showed revealed nearly the same as the histological picture as the control group. In conclusion, potassium bromate induces degenerative effects on neurons of cerebral cortex and urtica dioica provide an important neuroprotective effects against these damaging impacts through their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha Zayed Mohamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Z Hassen
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kazemi S, Safari S, Komaki S, Karimi SA, Golipoor Z, Komaki A. The effects of carvacrol and p-cymene on Aβ 1-42 -induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14459. [PMID: 37727020 PMCID: PMC10916422 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in which oxidative stress plays an important role. In this disease, learning and memory and the cellular mechanism associated with it, long-term potentiation (LTP), are impaired. Considering the beneficial effects of carvacrol (CAR) and p-cymene against AD, their effect was assessed on in vivo hippocampal LTP in the perforant pathway (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in an Aβ1-42 -induced rat model of AD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham: intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of phosphate-buffered saline, Aβ: ICV Aβ1-42 injections, Aβ + CAR (50 mg/kg), Aβ + p-cymene (50 mg/kg), and Aβ + CAR + p-cymene. Administration of CAR and p-cymene was done by gavage daily 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Aβ injection. The population spike (PS) amplitude and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope were determined in DG against the applied stimulation to the PP. RESULTS Aβ-treated rats exhibited impaired LTP induction in the PP-DG synapses, resulting in significant reduction in both fEPSP slope and PS amplitude compared to the sham animals. Aβ-treated rats consumed either CAR or p-cymene separately (but not their combination), and showed an enhancement in fEPSP slope and PS amplitude of the DG granular cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CAR or p-cymene can ameliorate Aβ-associated changes in synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, the combination of CAR and p-cymene did not yield the same effect, suggesting a potential interaction between the two substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahifeh Kazemi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Student Research CommitteeHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Zoleikha Golipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Duan WY, Zhu XM, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Wei S, Ma PA, Hu YS. Antifungal effects of carvacrol, the main volatile compound in Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, against Aspergillus flavus in postharvest wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110514. [PMID: 38070224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antimicrobial activity could potentially be extremely useful fumigants to prevent and control the fungal decay of agricultural products postharvest. In this study, antifungal effects of volatile compounds in essential oils extracted from Origanum vulgare L. against Aspergillus flavus growth were investigated using transcriptomic and biochemical analyses. Carvacrol was identified as the major volatile constituent of the Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, accounting for 66.01 % of the total content. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of carvacrol were 0.071 and 0.18 μL/mL in gas-phase fumigation and liquid contact, respectively. Fumigation with 0.60 μL/mL of carvacrol could completely inhibit A. flavus proliferation in wheat grains with 20 % moisture, showing its potential as a biofumigant. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that carvacrol treatment caused morphological deformation of A. flavus mycelia, and the resulting increased electrolyte leakage indicates damage to the plasma membrane. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the carvacrol treatment caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with fatty acid degradation, autophagy, peroxisomes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA replication in A. flavus mycelia exposed to carvacrol. Biochemical analyses of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion content, and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase activities showed that carvacrol induced oxidative stress in A. flavus, which agreed with the transcriptome results. In summary, this study provides an experimental basis for the use of carvacrol as a promising biofumigant for the prevention of A. flavus contamination during postharvest grain storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Duan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Man Zhu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-An Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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Sangwan N, Singh J, Chauhan A, Prakash A, Khanduja KL, Medhi B, Avti PK. Terpenoid analogues as putative therapeutic agents towards glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) in neurodegenerative disorders: a dynamic computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35706069 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2086923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenolic phytochemical, a potent antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent is an emerging neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Considering scarce information on carvacrol analogues, we hypothesized an in silico investigation emphasizing their preferential binding towards glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) as a target across different species for evaluating through preclinical to clinical studies (2OBI and 6HN3 for Homo sapiens; 5L71 for Mus musculus). Enrichment analysis suggests that ROC (0.59) and AUC (0.61) values have higher sensitivity and significant number of ranked actives. Extra Precision (XP) of 59 compounds was conducted, followed by molecular dynamics and trajectory analysis. Top three hits were chosen for each target i.e., 101203408, 101419546, 59294 (2OBI); 101419546, 100938426, and 28092 (6HN3); and 12059, 52434, 335 (5L71) implying high docking score. 101419546 is common among 2OBI and 6HN3 targets, indicating a multi-target approach. Trajectory analysis of hits provides a permissible range of RMSD, RMSF, Rgyr (∼1.3-2 Å, ∼0.84-1.09 Å, ∼15.05-15.29 Å). Overlapped dynamically simulated 3D-structures of Apo and complexes display significant conformational changes in RMSD of the complexes (∼1.40-2.0 Å) in contrast to Apo (∼1.3-1.8 Å), suggesting structural stability and compactness of the complexes within 45-90 ns. DCCM and PCA analysis shows positive correlation and residual clustering among residues of complexes. The establishment of firm H-bonding, favorable aromaticity and ADMET profile makes them promising drugs across various GPX4 targets among the species. Studies considering the targets across different species aids in anticipating and discovering a common compound for future NDDs therapeutics from bench to bedside.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sangwan
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arushi Chauhan
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan L Khanduja
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pramod K Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Gursul C, Ozcicek A, Ozkaraca M, Mendil AS, Coban TA, Arslan A, Ozcicek F, Suleyman H. Amelioration of oxidative damage parameters by carvacrol on methanol-induced liver injury in rats. Exp Anim 2022; 71:224-230. [PMID: 34911876 PMCID: PMC9130043 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The methanol metabolite that causes hepatotoxicity is formic acid, generating reactive oxygen radical formation and cell damage. Carvacrol is an antioxidant monoterpenic phenol produced from Thymus vulgaris. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carvacrol on methanol-induced oxidative liver damage in rats. Eighteen rats were divided into three groups. Methotrexate was administered orally for 7 days to methotrexate+methanol (MTM) and methotrexate+methanol+carvacrol (MMC) groups. Methotrexate was given before methanol to cause methanol poisoning. Distilled water was given to the healthy group (HG) as a solvent. At the end of the 7th day, 20% methanol was administered orally at a dose of 3 g/kg to the MTM and MMC groups. Four hours after methanol administration, 50 mg/kg carvacrol was injected intraperitoneally into the MMC group. Animals were sacrificed 8 h after carvacrol injection. Biochemical markers were studied in the excised liver tissue and blood serum samples, and histopathological evaluations were made. Severe hemorrhage, hydropic degeneration, pycnosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the liver of the MTM group. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly higher, and total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were significantly lower in the MTM group compared to HG (P<0.001). Carvacrol prevented the increase in MDA, TOS, ALT and AST levels with methanol and the decrease in tGSH and TAS levels (P<0.001), and alleviated the histopathological damage. Carvacrol may be useful in the treatment of methanol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Gursul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 69 Kayseri Street, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 55 Hulusi Behcet Street, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Taha Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aynur Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, 15 Temmuz Sehitler Street, Eyup, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
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Park CS, Lee JY, Choi HY, Yune TY. Suppression of TRPM7 by carvacrol protects against injured spinal cord by inhibiting blood-spinal cord barrier disruption. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:735-749. [PMID: 35171694 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is disrupted after a spinal cord injury (SCI), several pathophysiological cascades occur, including inflammation and apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, resulting in permanent neurological deficits. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is involved in the pathological processes in many neuronal diseases, including traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, carvacrol (CAR), a TRPM7 inhibitor, is known to protect against SCI by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. However, the functions of TRPM7 in the regulation of BSCB homeostasis after SCI have not been examined. Here, we demonstrated that TRPM7, a calcium-mediated non-selective divalent cation channel, plays a critical role after SCI in rats. Rats were contused at T9 and given CAR (50 mg/kg) via intraperitoneally immediately and 12 hours after SCI, and then given the same dose once a day for 7 days. TRPM7 was found to be up-regulated after SCI in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and it was expressed in blood vessels alongside neurons and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, CAR treatment suppressed BSCB disruption by inhibiting the loss of TJ proteins and preserved TJ integrity. CAR also reduced apoptotic cell death and improved functional recovery after SCI by preventing BSCB disruption caused by blood infiltration and inflammatory responses. Based on these findings, we propose that blocking the TRPM7 channel can inhibit the destruction of the BSCB and it is a potential target in therapeutic drug development for use in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan S Park
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hye Y Choi
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae Y Yune
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
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Azizi Z, Majlessi N, Choopani S, Naghdi N. Neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: A review. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:371-387. [PMID: 35782773 PMCID: PMC9121261 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Neurodegenerative diseases are considered an important cause of cognitive deficit and morbidity in old ages. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of these disorders affecting about 40 million people in the world at the present time. Available drug therapy is mostly symptomatic and does not modify or stop disease progression. Recently, biologically active chemicals from herbs have been studied to develop new therapeutic drugs. Carvacrol has shown positive properties on many neurological diseases. This compound is expected to have the ability to affect AD pathogenesis and therefore, it is considered an anti-AD agent. Materials and Methods This review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct bibliographic databases until November 2021. For data collection, the following keywords were used: carvacrol, neuroprotective, cognition, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Acetylcolinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, stroke, ischemic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Results This review summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies on protective potential of carvacrol in neurodegenerative disorders and various underlying mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase effects. Conclusion We gave an overview of available literature concerning neuroprotective effects of carvacrol in ameliorating the neurodegenerative diseases symptoms in vivo and in vitro. Particular attention is given to AD. Several neuro-pharmacological actions of carvacrol have been summarized in the current review article including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and AChEI properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nasser Naghdi
- Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-2164112262, Fax: +98-2164112834,
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Wang C, Zhang H, Liu Q, Qi J, Zhuang H, Gou Y, Wang H, Wang Y. A review of the aromatic genus Adenosma: Geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114075. [PMID: 33823165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The strongly scented genus Adenosma R. Brown (Plantaginaceae) comprises between 26 and 29 species with mainly southeast Asian distributions. Several species are used traditionally, mostly in Asian countries, for medicinal purposes including the treatment of colds and tumors, as well as stomach, liver, and skin disorders. Some species are also used as insecticides and/or insect repellents against mosquitoes or fleas. AIM OF THE REVIEW Although the potential health benefits of Adenosma spp. are not yet well-known or well-studied in modern medicine, the aim of the present review is to provide a critical appraisal of the current state of knowledge regarding the geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, phytochemicals and biological properties of Adenosma spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scifinder, Microsoft Academic, eFloras), Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched using the key words "Adenosma", "", "", "", "nhân trần", as well as the scientific names of the species, and a library search was also conducted for articles and books related to the subject published in English, Chinese or Vietnamese, as well as Ph.D. theses and M.Sc. dissertations published before April 2020. RESULTS Adenosma spp. is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis, colds, and skin problems. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids constitute the main phytochemicals in these plants. Several evaluations based on bioassays have demonstrated biological activity for Adenosma spp., including antidiabetic, anticancer, and insecticidal activities; extracts and isolated compounds have also shown effective biological activity. However, current research has focused only on a few species, and on limited geographical regions, mainly in China and Vietnam. More and broader ethnopharmacological studies are therefore needed to provide further evidence of the health benefits of these plants. CONCLUSIONS Adenosma spp. are plants rich in essential oils, particularly terpenoids, and the crude extracts have valuable bioactive properties. Certain lines of research based on cell lines and animal models show the potential value in different areas of health management. Further investigation into the traditional knowledge in southeast Asian and Pacific island regions, as well as the into the toxicity and identity of the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huifu Zhuang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yi Gou
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Rahmati M, Keshvari M, Mirnasouri R, Chehelcheraghi F. Exercise and Urtica dioica extract ameliorate hippocampal insulin signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111577. [PMID: 33839493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is related to cognitive impairments and molecular abnormalities of the hippocampus. A growing body of evidence suggests that Urtica dioica (Ud) and exercise training (ET) have potential therapeutic effects on diabetes and its related complications. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combined effect of exercise training (ET) and Ud might play an important role in insulin signaling pathway, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. METHODS Forty animals were divided into five groups (N = 8): healthy-sedentary (H-sed), diabetes-sedentary (D-sed), diabetes-exercise training (D-ET), diabetes-Urtica dioica (D-Ud), diabetes-exercise training-Urtica dioica (D-ET-Ud). Streptozotocin (STZ) (Single dosage; 45 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce diabetes. Then, ET (moderate intensity/5day/week) and Ud extract (50 mg/kg, oral/daily) were administered for six weeks. We also investigated the effects of ET and Ud on cognitive performance (assessed through Morris Water Maze tests), antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation markers in hippocampus. Furthermore, we measured levels of insulin sensitivity and signaling factors (insulin-Ins, insulin receptor-IR and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-IGF-1R), and neuroinflammatory markers (IL-1 β, TNF-α). This was followed by TUNEL assessment of the apoptosis rate in all regions of the hippocampus. RESULTS D-sed rats compared to H-sed animals showed significant impairments (P < 0.001) in hippocampal insulin sensitivity and signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, which resulted in cognitive dysfunction. Ud extract and ET treatment effectively improved these impairments in D-ET (P < 0.001), D-Ud (P < 0.05), and D-ET-Ud (P < 0.001) groups compared to D-sed rats. Moreover, diabetes mediated hippocampal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin signaling deficits, apoptosis, and cognitive dysfunction was further reversed by chronic Ud+ET administration in D-ET-Ud rats (P < 0.001) compared to D-sed animals. CONCLUSIONS Ud extract and ET ameliorate cognitive dysfunction via improvement in hippocampal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin signaling pathway, and apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results of this study provide new experimental evidence for using Ud+ET in the treatment of hippocampal complications and cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rahim Mirnasouri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Lorestan University Medical of Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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11
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Shi R, Fu Y, Zhao D, Boczek T, Wang W, Guo F. Cell death modulation by transient receptor potential melastatin channels TRPM2 and TRPM7 and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114664. [PMID: 34175300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, a family of evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. TRPM channels are nonselective cation channels, mediating the influx of various ions including Ca2+, Na+ and Zn2+. The function of TRPM channels is vital for cell proliferation, cell development and cell death. Cell death is a key procedure during embryonic development, organism homeostasis, aging and disease. The category of cell death modalities, beyond the traditionally defined concepts of necrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis, were extended with the discovery of pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. As upstream signaling regulators of cell death, TRPM channels have been involved inrelevant pathologies. In this review, we introduced several cell death modalities, then summarized the contribution of TRPM channels (especially TRPM2 and TRPM7) to different cell death modalities and discussed the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Our work highlighted the possibility of TRPM channels as potential therapeutic targets in cell death-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dongyi Zhao
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, 1130033, Japan
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92215, Poland.
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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12
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Zamanian M, Kujawska M, Zadeh MN, Hassanshahi A, Ramezanpour S, Kamiab Z, Bazmandegan G. Carvacrol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Article. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:942-953. [PMID: 33970850 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210506185042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent in neurological diseases. METHOD The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to search the literature: "Carvacrol" [Title] AND "neuroprotective (neuroprotection)" [Title] OR "stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy [Title]. RESULTS A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, , epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological disorders based on its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marjan Nikbakht Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hassanshahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ramezanpour
- Shohada Hospital, Bandar Gaz, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Gaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan,Iran
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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Naeem K, Tariq Al Kury L, Nasar F, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Khan AU, Li S. Natural Dietary Supplement, Carvacrol, Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neurodegeneration, and Depressive-Like Behaviors via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1313-1329. [PMID: 33854358 PMCID: PMC8041651 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s294413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating human health condition characterized by mood swings and is associated with a high probability of suicide attempts. Several studies have reported a role of neuroinflammation in MMD, yet the efficacy of natural drug substances on neuroinflammation-associated depression has not been well-investigated. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two experimental cohorts to determine the effects and the effective dose of carvacrol (whether 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg), and further demonstrate the mechanism of action of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in depression. RESULTS We found marked neuronal alterations in the cortex and hippocampus of LPS-intoxicated animals that were associated with higher inflammatory cytokine expression such as cyclooxygenase (COX2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). These detrimental effects exacerbated oxidative stress, as documented by a compromised antioxidant system due to high lipid peroxidase (LPO). Carvacrol (20 mg/kg) significantly reverted these changes by positively modulating the antioxidant gene Nrf2, a master regulator of the downstream antioxidant pathway. To further investigate the role of Nrf2, an inhibitor of Nrf2 called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used, which further exacerbated LPS toxicity with a higher oxidative and inflammatory cytokine level. To further support our notion, we performed virtual docking of carvacrol with the Nrf2-Keap1 target and the resultant drug-protein interactions validated the in vivo findings. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that carvacrol (20 mg/kg) could activate the endogenous master antioxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 49153, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiza Nasar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Sisti FM, Dos Santos NAG, do Amaral L, Dos Santos AC. The Neurotrophic-Like Effect of Carvacrol: Perspective for Axonal and Synaptic Regeneration. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:886-896. [PMID: 33666886 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CARV) is a phytochemical widely used as flavoring, preservative, and fragrance in food and cosmetic industries. CARV is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has demonstrated protective potential against neurodegenerative diseases by several mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antiapoptotic effects. However, it is not known whether CARV is able to modulate axonal and synaptic plasticity, crucial events in cognition, memory, and learning. Abnormalities in axonal and synaptic plasticity, low levels of neurotrophins, and bioenergetic failure have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (ADs). Small lipophilic molecules with neurotrophic activity might be able to restore the axonal and synaptic networks that are lost in neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, this study investigated the neurotrophic potential of CARV in PC12 cell-based neuronal model. Carvacrol induced neurite outgrowth by activating the NGF high-affinity trkA receptor and the downstream PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK pathways, without depending on NGF. In addition, CARV increased the expression of proteins involved in neuronal plasticity (β-tubulin III, F-actin, 200-kDa neurofilament, GAP-43 and synapsin-I) and improved bioenergetics (AMPKα, p-AMPKα, and ATP). Our study showed, for the first time, a promising neurotrophic mechanism of CARV that could be beneficial in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Malvestio Sisti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida Guinaim Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian do Amaral
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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16
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Lee B, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Inhibitory effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:27-37. [PMID: 31908572 PMCID: PMC6940503 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important process underlying a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Carvacrol (CAR) is a phenolic monoterpene commonly used as a food additive due to its antibacterial properties, but it has also been shown to exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of CAR on inflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In our study, lipopolysaccharide was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats to induce memory impairment and neuroinflammation. Daily administration of CAR (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days improved recognition, discrimination, and memory impairments relative to untreated controls. CAR administration significantly attenuated expression of several inflammatory factors in the brain, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, CAR significantly increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, and decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA. Taken together, these results show that CAR can improve memory impairment caused by neuroinflammation. This cognitive enhancement is due to the anti-inflammatory effects of CAR medicated by its regulation of BDNF and TLR4. Thus, CAR has significant potential as an inhibitor of memory degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Khazaei H, Pesce M, Patruno A, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH. Medicinal plants for diabetes associated neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1697-1718. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences University G. d'Annunzio Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences University G. d'Annunzio Chieti Italy
| | - Ina Y. Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad H. Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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The small RNA microRNA-212 regulates sirtuin 2 expression in a cellular model of oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1184-1190. [PMID: 31651707 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-212 has been found to play an important role in several types of diseases, but the functional and potential mechanisms of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury are still unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms. The rat oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model was established to study the role of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury. The expression of microRNA-212 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model and its effect on cell proliferation were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, respectively. The relationships between microRNA-212 and sirtuin 2 were confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. We observed that microRNA-212 was downregulated after oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion treatment. Besides, the cells viabilities were increased/decreased in oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model after transfection with microRNA-212 agomir (agonist of microRNA-212 action) and microRNA-212 antagomir (inhibitor of microRNA-212 action). In addition, luciferase and western blot experiments showed that microRNA-212 directly regulated sirtuin 2 changes. Furthermore, promotion of neuronal survival by microRNA-212 was blocked by overexpression of sirtuin 2, whereas the neuronal death induced by microRNA-212 inhibition was rescued by sirtuin 2 inhibition. Taken together, our study revealed that the role of miR-212 in the modulation of ischemic brain injury might be achieved by regulating sirtuin 2, which provides potential biomarkers and candidates for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Shen L, Lin D, Li X, Wu H, Lenahan C, Pan Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Shao A, Zhang J. Ferroptosis in Acute Central Nervous System Injuries: The Future Direction? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594. [PMID: 32760721 PMCID: PMC7373735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI) present a grave health care challenge worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality, as well as limited clinical therapeutic strategies. Established literature has shown that oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis play important roles in the pathophysiological processes of acute CNS injuries. Recently, there have been many studies on the topic of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Some studies have revealed an emerging connection between acute CNS injuries and ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, induced by the abnormal metabolism of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and iron, can accelerate acute CNS injuries. However, pharmaceutical agents, such as iron chelators, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), can inhibit ferroptosis and may have neuroprotective effects after acute CNS injuries. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this connection has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this paper, we discuss the general mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in stroke, TBI, and SCI. We also summarize ferroptosis-related drugs and highlight the potential therapeutic strategies in treating various acute CNS injuries. Additionally, this paper suggests a testable hypothesis that ferroptosis may be a novel direction for further research of acute CNS injuries by providing corresponding evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Weilin Xu
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Zare Mehrjerdi F, Niknazar S, Yadegari M, Akbari FA, Pirmoradi Z, Khaksari M. Carvacrol reduces hippocampal cell death and improves learning and memory deficits following lead-induced neurotoxicity via antioxidant activity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1229-1237. [PMID: 32303785 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol is a monoterpene with neuroprotective effects in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including epilepsy, ischemia, and traumatic neuronal events. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of carvacrol on neurodegeneration induced by lead acetate in rats. A total of 50 male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group received drinking water, while the neurotoxic group was exposed to 500 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 40 days. The three remaining groups, which were also exposed to 500 ppm of lead acetate, received carvacrol at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg orally for 40 days. The Morris water maze test was employed to examine spatial learning and memory. Pathological damage to the hippocampus was determined by Nissl staining. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were detected using biochemical analysis and the free radical scavenging activity as evaluated by the DPPH test. Administration of carvacrol significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by lead acetate. Moreover, carvacrol ameliorated neurodegeneration, antioxidative capacity, and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of rats exposed to lead. The present results provide a rationale for the inhibitory role of carvacrol in the attenuation of lead-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Yadegari
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ali Akbari
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Pirmoradi
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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22
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Chen S, Chen H, Du Q, Shen J. Targeting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation for Reducing Brain Ischemia Injury: Potential Application of Natural Compounds. Front Physiol 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 32508671 PMCID: PMC7248223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two critical pathological processes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a critical inflammatory enzyme and therapeutic target triggering both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MPO is presented in infiltrated neutrophils, activated microglial cells, neurons, and astrocytes in the ischemic brain. Activation of MPO can catalyze the reaction of chloride and H2O2 to produce HOCl. MPO also mediates oxidative stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), modulating the polarization and inflammation-related signaling pathways in microglia and neutrophils. MPO can be a therapeutic target for attenuating oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Targeting MPO with inhibitors or gene deficiency significantly reduced brain infarction and improved neurological outcomes. This article discusses the important roles of MPO in mediating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize the active compounds from medicinal herbs with potential as MPO inhibitors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and as adjunct therapeutic agents for extending the window of thrombolytic treatment. We highlight that targeting MPO could be a promising strategy for alleviating ischemic brain injury, which merits further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Chen B, Zhao Y, Li W, Hang J, Yin M, Yu H. Echinocystic acid provides a neuroprotective effect via the PI3K/AKT pathway in intracerebral haemorrhage mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 32055597 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural extract from plants of Gleditsia sinensis Lam, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities in different diseases. In this study, we explored the pharmacological effects of EA on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Methods EA (50 mg/kg, i.p. q.d) was injected after the establishment of ICH, and we measured the amount of degraded neurons in brain tissue with Fluoro-Jade C staining and the haemorrhagic injury volume with Luxol fast blue staining on day 3 after ICH. We also assessed animal behaviour by rotarod test, claw force test and modified neurological severity score (mNSS) score. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was analysed by Western blot. Results EA reduced both the death of neurons and the volume of haemorrhagic injury after ICH. The haemorrhage infarct volume of the ICH+EA group was 9.84%±3.32% lower than that in the ICH group of mice (P<0.01). The mNSS score of the ICH+EA treated group was 4.75±0.55 lower than that in the ICH group (P<0.01). With the administration of EA after ICH, the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated while the Bax level was downregulated. The cleaved caspase-3 level was also significantly decreased. We further investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of EA. Western blot results showed that the expression of P-AKT increased after EA treatment and decreased after LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, treatment. Conclusions EA may provide neuroprotection via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Given the safety of EA has been proven, further studies are required to investigate whether EA is a potential agent for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Mengmei Yin
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China.,Affiliated of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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24
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Song Y, Wang LB, Bei Y, Qin DX, Ai LY, Ma QZ, Lin PY. Carvacryl acetate, a semisynthetic monoterpenic ester obtained from essential oils, provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress injury via the Nrf2 signalling pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:1754-1763. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carvacryl acetate (CA) is a semisynthetic monoterpenic ester obtained from essential oils, and it exerts an antioxidation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yun Bei
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Dong-Xu Qin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Li-Yao Ai
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhuang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P.R. China
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25
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Shahrokhi Raeini A, Hafizibarjin Z, Rezvani ME, Safari F, Afkhami Aghda F, Zare Mehrjerdi F. Carvacrol suppresses learning and memory dysfunction and hippocampal damages caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:581-589. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Echinocystic acid, a natural plant extract, alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172610. [PMID: 31425684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA) was found to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidation activities. A recent study showed the antiapoptotic effects of EA on acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of EA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of EA 1 h before ischemia significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit after 60 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects of EA occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we explored the mechanisms of neuroprotection by EA. This compound exerted antiapoptotic activity by upregulating the level of Bcl-2 and simultaneously downregulating the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Furthermore, EA also possessed anti-inflammatory activity and prevented the excessive phosphorylation of NF-κB (p-P65) and the increase in IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Finally, our data indicated that EA treatment decreased the level of phosphorylated JNK in vivo, and the JNK activator anisomycin (AN) reversed the neuroprotective effects of EA, indicating that the JNK pathway is involved in the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EA. In summary, our findings suggest that EA provides neuroprotective effects through its antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway in cerebral I/R injury. Due to its safety and lack of toxicity, EA is a potential candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke in future clinical trials.
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27
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Carvacrol Protects Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:156-170. [PMID: 31364033 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. Evidence from human and animal studies has suggested that oxidative damage critically contributes to neuronal loss in PD. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, is the main constituents in the essential oil of many aromatic plants and possesses some properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the CAR in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. Post-treatment with CAR in vitro was found to protect rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with CAR (15 and 20 mg/kg) was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that CAR improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with CAR. These findings suggest that CAR exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.
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28
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Gouveia DN, Guimarães AG, Santos WBDR, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Natural products as a perspective for cancer pain management: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152766. [PMID: 31005719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world and one of the main symptoms affecting these individuals is chronic pain, which must be evaluated and treated in its various components. Several drugs are currently used, but beyond the high cost, they have harmful side effects to patients or are transitorily effective. Ergo, there is a need to look for new options for cancer pain relief. Natural products (NPs) present themselves as strong candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic pain, such as cancer pain. PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to summarize current knowledge about the analgesic profile of NPs in cancer pain. METHODS The search included PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (from inception to June 2018) sought to summarize the articles studying new proposals with NPs for the management of oncological pain. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. RESULTS After an extensive survey, 21 articles were selected, which described the analgesic potential of 15 natural compounds to relieve cancer pain. After analyzing the data, it can be suggested that these NPs, which have targets in central and peripheral mechanisms, are interesting candidates for the treatment of cancer pain for addressing different pharmacological mechanisms (even innovative), but ensuring the safety of these compounds is still a challenge. Likewise, the cannabinoids compounds leave the front as the most promising compounds for direct applicability due to the clinical studies that have already been developed and the background already established about these effects on chronic pain. CONCLUSION Regarding these findings, it can be concluded that the variability of possible biological sites of action is strategic for new perspectives in the development of therapeutic proposals different from those available in the current market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nascimento Gouveia
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos (LANEF). Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Governador Marcelo Déda, 13, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Barbosa da Rocha Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos (LANEF). Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos (LANEF). Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
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29
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Connectivity map identifies luteolin as a treatment option of ischemic stroke by inhibiting MMP9 and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30911000 PMCID: PMC6434019 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore potential new drugs in the treatment of ischemic stroke by Connectivity Map (CMap) and to determine the role of luteolin on ischemic stroke according to its effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Based on published gene expression data, differentially expressed genes were obtained by microarray analysis. Potential compounds for ischemic stroke therapy were obtained by CMap analysis. Cytoscape and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to discover signaling pathways connected to ischemic stroke. Cell apoptosis and viability were, respectively, evaluated by flow cytometry and an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to test the expression of MMP9 and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and tissues. Additionally, the infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was determined by a TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) assay. The microarray and CMap analyses identified luteolin as a promising compound for future therapies for ischemic stroke. Cytoscape and GSEA showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was crucial in ischemic stroke. Cell experiments revealed that luteolin enhanced cell viability and downregulated apoptosis via inhibiting MMP9 and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Experiments performed in vivo also demonstrated that luteolin reduced the infarct volume. These results suggest that luteolin has potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke through inhibiting MMP9 and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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30
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Mahmoodi M, Amiri H, Ayoobi F, Rahmani M, Taghipour Z, Ghavamabadi RT, Jafarzadeh A, Sankian M. Carvacrol ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Life Sci 2019; 219:257-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Chenet AL, Duarte AR, de Almeida FJS, Andrade CMB, de Oliveira MR. Carvacrol Depends on Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to Exert Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Mitochondria-Related Protection in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Line Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:884-896. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Elhady MA, Khalaf AAA, Kamel MM, Noshy PA. Carvacrol ameliorates behavioral disturbances and DNA damage in the brain of rats exposed to propiconazole. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Chen Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Chen B, Yang L, Li X, Li Y, Yu H. Inhibition of Connexin 43 Hemichannels Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:372. [PMID: 30386214 PMCID: PMC6199357 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) widely exists in all components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and is a constituent of gap junctions and hemichannels. In physiological states, gap junctions are open for regular intercellular communication, and the hemichannels present low open probability in astrocytes. After cerebral ischemia, a large number of hemichannels are unusually opened, leading to cell swelling and even death. Most known hemichannel blockers also inhibit gap junctions and sequentially obstruct normal electrical cell-cell communication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Gap19, a selective Cx43-hemichannel inhibitor, exhibited neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). An obvious improvement in neurological scores and infarct volume reduction were observed in Gap19-treated mice after brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Gap19 treatment attenuated white matter damage. Moreover, Gap19 treatment suppressed the expression of Cx43 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway-relevant proteins and prevented the overexpression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). To further explore downstream signaling, we established an in vitro model-oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate ischemic conditions. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Cx43 co-existed with TLR4 in astrocytes. The hemichannel activity was increased after OGD and Gap19 could inhibit this effect on astrocytes. Gap19 substantially improved relative cell vitality and decreased the expression of Cx43, TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. In addition, in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation OGD model, Gap19 also exhibited a protective effect via inhibiting TLR4 pathway activation. In summary, our results showed that Gap19 exerted a neuroprotective effect after stroke via inhibition of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Chen S, Li M, Li Y, Hu H, Li Y, Huang Y, Zheng L, Lu Y, Hu J, Lan Y, Wang A, Li Y, Gong Z, Wang Y. A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Chlorogenic Acid, Scutellarin, and Scutellarein in Rat Plasma: Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Sham-Operated and MCAO Rats after Oral Administration of Erigeron breviscapus Extract. Molecules 2018; 23:E1808. [PMID: 30037063 PMCID: PMC6100312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erigeron breviscapus, a traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically used for the treatment of occlusive cerebral vascular diseases. We developed a sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of chlorogenic acid, scutellarin, and scutellarein, the main active constituents in Erigeron breviscapus, and compared the pharmacokinetics of these active ingredients in sham-operated and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats orally administrated with Erigeron breviscapus extract. Plasma samples were collected at 15 time points after oral administration of the Erigeron breviscapus extract. The levels of chlorogenic acid, scutellarin, and scutellarein in rat plasma at various time points were determined by a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method, and the drug concentration versus time plots were constructed to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. The concentration of chlorogenic acid in the plasma reached the maximum plasma drug concentration in about 15 min and was below the limit of detection after 4 h. Scutellarin and scutellarein showed the phenomenon of multiple absorption peaks in sham-operated and MCAO rats, respectively. Compared with the sham-operated rats, the terminal elimination half-life of scutellarein in the MCAO rats was prolonged by more than two times and the area under the curve of each component in the MCAO rats was significantly increased. The results showed chlorogenic acid, scutellarin, and scutellarein in MCAO rats had higher drug exposure than that in sham-operated rats, which provided a reference for the development of innovative drugs, optimal dosing regimens, and clinical rational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Hejia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yanyu Lan
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Aimin Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
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35
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Ameliorative effect of carvacrol against propiconazole-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Bavarsad K, Barreto GE, Hadjzadeh MAR, Sahebkar A. Protective Effects of Curcumin Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1391-1404. [PMID: 29948942 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) is a common feature of ischemic stroke which occurs when blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia. Although stroke is an important cause of death in the world, effective therapeutic strategies aiming at improving neurological outcomes in this disease are lacking. Various studies have suggested the involvement of different mechanisms in the pathogenesis of I/R injury in the nervous system. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, platelet adhesion and aggregation, leukocyte infiltration, complement activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and mitochondria-mediated mechanisms. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric, can affect all these pathways and exert neuroprotective activity culminating in the amelioration of I/R injury in the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in the nervous system and highlight the studies that have linked biological functions of curcumin and I/R injury improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Guesmi F, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and mediated brain injury attenuated by Thymus algeriensis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1275-1281. [PMID: 29800528 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by hydrophobic fractions of Thymus algeriensis (HFTS) growing in Tunisia. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidative stress inducer, acts by decreasing the body mass and brain mass of rats. Moreover, we found higher MDA levels in the group treated with H2O2 (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as a reduction in reduced glutathione activity in the brain tissues of H2O2-treated rats when compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05); however, rats that received HFTS with H2O2 experienced a decrease in MDA levels in the brain. In contrast, HFTS demonstrated neuroprotective effects in rat brain. Overall, exposure to HFTS prior to H2O2 induced a marked dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species scavenger levels (P < 0.05) accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in MDA levels (P < 0.05) when compared with no exposure. Notably, the activity of AChE was affected by exposure to natural compounds; levels were significantly lower in HFTS-treated rats and in those treated with the combination of HFTS and a low or high dose of H2O2. Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed that brain injuries occurred with high doses of H2O2 administered alone or with a low dose of HFTS, whereas a high dose of essential oil markedly alleviated neurone degeneration. The results suggest that HFTS alleviates neuroinflammation by acting as an AChE inhibitor and attenuates H2O2-induced brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- b Service of Anatomo-Pathology of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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A new insight into identification of in silico analysis of natural compounds targeting GPR120. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29780684 PMCID: PMC5951878 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-018-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor (GPR120) is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor that inhibits macrophage-induced tissue inflammation. Recent studies revealed GPR120 promotes colorectal carcinoma through modulation of VEGF, IL-8, PGE2, and NF-kB expression. However, three-dimensional structure of GPR120 is not yet available in Protein Data Bank (PDB). In the present study, we focused on a 3-D structural model of GPR120 has been constructed using homology modeling techniques. The structural quality of the predicted GPR120 model was verified using Procheck, Whatif, ProSA, and Verify 3D. After this chemical database of natural compounds have been constructed and screened for its druggability using molinspiration server. Molecular docking studies of natural compounds on GPR120 model revealed that silibinin (− 6.87 kcal/mol), withanolide (− 6.19 kcal/mol), limonene (− 6.17 kcal/mol), and cervical (− 6.15 kcal/mol) have shown good docking interactions with active site residues of the target. Active site residues of Arg280, Asp275, and Gly122 showed hydrogen-bonding interactions with predicted compounds. Based on these in silico findings, we proposed that virtual screening of natural compounds against of GPR120 is a novel approach to find potential anti-colorectal cancer therapeutics.
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Ghasemi S, Moradzadeh M, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of Urtica dioica on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: protection against acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal oxidative damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:167-175. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1463238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simagol Ghasemi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Moradzadeh
- Department of New Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Science and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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40
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Lins LCRF, Souza MF, Bispo JMM, Gois AM, Melo TCS, Andrade RAS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH, Santos JR, Marchioro M. Carvacrol prevents impairments in motor and neurochemical parameters in a model of progressive parkinsonism induced by reserpine. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:9-15. [PMID: 29378222 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact (SNpc), with consequent depletion of dopamine in the striatum, which gives rise to the characteristic motor symptoms of PD. Although its etiology is unknown, several studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays a critical function in the pathophysiology of PD, and antioxidant agents could be helpful to slown down the dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Carvacrol (CA) is a phenolic monoterpene found in essential oils of many aromatic plants that presents antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of CA in a reserpine (RES)-induced rat model of PD. Male Wistar rats received 15 s.c. injections of 0.1 mg/kg RES or vehicle, every other day, concomitantly to daily i.p. injections of CA (12.5 or 25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Across the treatment, the animals were submitted to behavioral evaluation in the catalepsy test (performed daily), open field test (7th day) and assessment of vacuous chewing movements (12th, 20th and 30th days). Upon completion of behavioral tests, rats were perfused and their brains underwent tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that CA (12.5 e 25 mg/kg) prevented the increase in catalepsy behavior and number of vacuous chewing movements, but failed to revert the decreased open-field locomotor activity induced by RES. In addition, CA in both doses prevented the decrease in TH immunostaining induced by RES in the SNpc and dorsal striatum. Taken together, our results suggest that CA shows a protective effect in a rat model of PD, preventing motor and neurochemical impairments induced by RES. Thus, the use of CA as a promising new strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of PD may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina F Souza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - José Marcos M Bispo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Regina H Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Marchioro
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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41
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Khan I, Bahuguna A, Kumar P, Bajpai VK, Kang SC. Antimicrobial Potential of Carvacrol against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli via Membrane Disruption, Depolarization, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2421. [PMID: 29270161 PMCID: PMC5724232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a serious threat to cure diseases associated with microbial infection. Among the resistant bacteria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are the most concerned one as they encode the enzyme β-lactamase that confers resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial potential and the principle mechanism of action of carvacrol against ESBL Escherichia coli isolated from ascitic fluid of a patient having a urinary tract infection. Carvacrol exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 450 μg/ml at which it reduced E. coli cell counts significantly in a time-dependent manner. Carvacrol completely diminished the growth of E. coli after 2 h of incubation at its MIC. Fluorescent imaging displayed the elevated reactive oxygen species level and bacterial membrane depolarization leading to E. coli cell death in presence of carvacrol at its MIC. Furthermore, carvacrol displayed a severe detrimental effect on bacterial membrane disruption and cellular material release. In addition, a significant effect of carvacrol at sub-inhibitory concentration was observed on motility of E. coli cells and invasion of human colon HCT-116 cells in an ex vivo model. Based on the results, we conclude a potential antimicrobial role of carvacrol against ESBL E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sun C. Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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42
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Khan F, Khan I, Farooqui A, Ansari IA. Carvacrol Induces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated Apoptosis Along with Cell Cycle Arrest at G0/G1 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1075-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arshi Farooqui
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan A. Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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43
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Xu HL, Liu MD, Yuan XH, Liu CX. Suppression of cortical TRPM7 protein attenuates oxidative damage after traumatic brain injury via Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Neurochem Int 2017; 112:197-205. [PMID: 28736242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal death after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex process resulting from a combination of factors, many of which are still unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a transient receptor potential channel that has been demonstrated to mediate ischemic and traumatic neuronal injury in vitro. In the present study, TRPM7 was suppressed in the rat cerebral cortex by intracortical injections of viral vectors bearing shRNA specific for TRPM7 to investigate its potential role in an in vivo TBI model. We found that TRPM7 suppression significantly reduced brain edema, brain contusion volume and motor functional deficits, which was sustained for at least 2 weeks after the insult. These protective effects were accompanied by inhibited apoptosis in injured cortex. Also, TRPM7 suppression attenuated lipid peroxidation, decreased the expression of protein carbonyl, and preserved the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. The results of western blot analysis showed that TRPM7 suppression markedly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In addition, blocking Akt/eNOS pathway activation by the specific inhibitor LY294002 (LY, 10 μL, 10 mmol/L) or L-NIO (0.5 mg/kg) partially reversed the protective effects of TRPM7 suppression and its anti-oxidative activities. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that regional inhibition of TRPM7 in cerebral cortex exerts neuroprotective effects against TBI through activation of Akt/eNOS pathway. Thus, TRPM7 might represent a potential drug development target for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Meng-Dong Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Chun-Xi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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44
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Zhou Y, Zhou B, Tu H, Tang Y, Xu C, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Miao Z. The degradation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein promotes neuroprotection after ischemic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68393-68401. [PMID: 28978125 PMCID: PMC5620265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein was recently found to play a critical role in necrotic cell death. To explore its role in neurological diseases, we measured MLKL protein expression after ischemia injury in a mouse model. We found that MLKL expression significantly increased 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with peak levels at 48 h. Inhibition of MLKL by intraperitoneal administration of NSA significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits after 75 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. Further, we found NSA reduced MLKL levels via the ubiquitination proteasome pathway, but not by inhibiting RNA transcription. Interestingly, NSA administration increased cleaved PARP-1 levels, indicating the protective effects of MLKL inhibition is not related to apoptosis. These findings suggest MLKL is a new therapeutic target for neurological pathologies like stroke. Therefore, promoting degradation of MLKL may be a novel avenue to reduce necrotic cell death after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Beiqun Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Tu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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45
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Kuo PJ, Hung TF, Lin CY, Hsiao HY, Fu MW, Hong PD, Chiu HC, Fu E. Carvacrol Ameliorates Ligation-Induced Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e120-e128. [PMID: 28387609 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Fu Hung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yin Hsiao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Wen Fu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Da Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Carvacrol promotes neuroprotection in the mouse hemiparkinsonian model. Neuroscience 2017; 356:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Zhang Y, Qiao L, Xu W, Wang X, Li H, Xu W, Chu K, Lin Y. Paeoniflorin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Injury by Regulating Ca 2+/CaMKII/CREB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030359. [PMID: 28264448 PMCID: PMC6155252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix which possesses the neuroprotective effect. However, so far, the neuroprotective mechanism of PF has still not been fully uncovered. The Ca2+/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signaling pathway plays an important role in the intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, inflammation and metabolism. Herein, the neuroprotective roles of PF in the models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in rats and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons were investigated. Moreover, we attempted to confirm the hypothesis that its protection effect is via the modulation of the Ca2+/CaMKI)/CREB signaling pathway. In this study, PF not only significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and infarct volume in vivo, but also improved neurons’ cell viability, and inhibited neurons’ apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in vitro. Furthermore, PF significantly up-regulated p-CREB and p-CaMKII, and down-regulated calmodulin (CaM) in vivo and in vitro. The results indicate that the protective effect of PF on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is possible through regulating the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Lifei Qiao
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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48
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Carvacrol on Ethanol-Induced Hippocampal Neurons Impairment via the Antioxidative and Antiapoptotic Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4079425. [PMID: 28191274 PMCID: PMC5278232 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4079425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes hippocampal neuronal impairment, which is associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. Carvacrol is a major monoterpenic phenol found in essential oils from the family Labiatae and has antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis actions. However, the protective effects of carvacrol in ethanol-induced hippocampal neuronal impairment have not been fully understood. We explored the neuroprotective effects of carvacrol in vivo and in vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 35% ethanol for 4 weeks to establish ethanol model in vivo, and hippocampal neuron injury was simulated by 200 mM ethanol in vitro. Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction. The oxidative stress injury of hippocampal neurons was evaluated by measuring the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Histopathological examinations and western blot were performed to evaluate the apoptosis of neurons. The results showed that carvacrol attenuates the cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of the mice treated with ethanol and decreases hippocampal neurons apoptosis induced by ethanol in vitro. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that carvacrol modulates the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and p-ERK, without influence of p-JNK and p-p38. Our results suggest that carvacrol alleviates ethanol-mediated hippocampal neuronal impairment by antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects.
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49
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Khalil A, Kovac S, Morris G, Walker MC. Carvacrol after status epilepticus (SE) prevents recurrent SE, early seizures, cell death, and cognitive decline. Epilepsia 2017; 58:263-273. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aytakin Khalil
- UCL Institute of Neurology; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- UCL Institute of Neurology; University College London; London United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Gareth Morris
- UCL Institute of Neurology; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C. Walker
- UCL Institute of Neurology; University College London; London United Kingdom
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The anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31866. [PMID: 27535591 PMCID: PMC4989136 DOI: 10.1038/srep31866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern affecting the general public as well as military personnel. However, there is no FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of TBIs. In this work, we investigated the neurotherapeutic effects of the well-known natural Iranian medicine Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad (SKJ) essential oil (SKEO) on the outcomes of diffused experimental TBI, with particular attention paid to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Male Wistar rats were treated with doses of 50, 100 and 200 (mg/kg, i.p) SKEO after induction of diffused TBIs. The results showed that injecting SKEO (200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after TBI significantly reduced brain oedema and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and limited the post-TBI increase in intracranial pressure. The veterinary coma scale (VCS) scores significantly improved in the treatment group. Also, inflammatory marker assays showed reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased IL-10 in the treated groups. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results indicated that SKEO not only reduced neuronal death and BBB permeability but also affected astrocytic activation. Overall, our data indicate potential clinical neurological applications for SKEO.
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