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Huang J, Ma K, Zhang J, Zhou J, Yi J, Qi W, Liao M. Pathogenicity and transmission of novel highly pathogenic H7N2 variants originating from H7N9 avian influenza viruses in chickens. Virology 2024; 597:110121. [PMID: 38917688 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The H7 subtype avian influenza viruses are circulating widely worldwide, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry and posing a serious threat to human health. In 2019, H7N2 and H7N9 co-circulated in Chinese poultry, yet the risk of H7N2 remained unclear. We isolated and sequenced four H7N2 viruses from chickens, revealing them as novel reassortants with H7N9-derived HA, M, NS genes and H9N2-derived PB2, PB1, PA,NP, NA genes. To further explore the key segment of pathogenicity, H7N2-H7N9NA and H7N2-H9N2HA single-substitution were constructed. Pathogenicity study showed H7N2 isolates to be highly pathogenic in chickens, with H7N2-H7N9NA slightly weaker than H7N2-Wild type. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that H7N9-derived HA genes primarily drove the high pathogenicity of H7N2 isolates, eliciting a strong inflammatory response. These findings underscored the increased threat posed by reassorted H7N2 viruses to chickens, emphasizing the necessity of long-term monitoring of H7 subtype avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kaixiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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Bertram H, Wilhelmi S, Rajavel A, Boelhauve M, Wittmann M, Ramzan F, Schmitt AO, Gültas M. Comparative Investigation of Coincident Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Ducks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:969. [PMID: 37508399 PMCID: PMC10375970 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza is a severe viral infection that has the potential to cause human pandemics. In particular, chickens are susceptible to many highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in significant losses. In contrast, ducks have been reported to exhibit rapid and effective innate immune responses to most avian influenza virus (AIV) infections. To explore the distinct genetic programs that potentially distinguish the susceptibility/resistance of both species to AIV, the investigation of coincident SNPs (coSNPs) and their differing causal effects on gene functions in both species is important to gain novel insight into the varying immune-related responses of chickens and ducks. By conducting a pairwise genome alignment between these species, we identified coSNPs and their respective effect on AIV-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this study. The examination of these genes (e.g., CD74, RUBCN, and SHTN1 for chickens and ABCA3, MAP2K6, and VIPR2 for ducks) reveals their high relevance to AIV. Further analysis of these genes provides promising effector molecules (such as IκBα, STAT1/STAT3, GSK-3β, or p53) and related key signaling pathways (such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, or Wnt) to elucidate the complex mechanisms of immune responses to AIV infections in both chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bertram
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Selina Wilhelmi
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abirami Rajavel
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Boelhauve
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Margareta Wittmann
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Faisal Ramzan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Armin Otto Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Marsili G, Acchioni C, Remoli AL, Amatore D, Sgarbanti R, De Angelis M, Orsatti R, Acchioni M, Astolfi A, Iraci N, Puzelli S, Facchini M, Perrotti E, Cecchetti V, Sabatini S, Superti F, Agamennone M, Barreca ML, Hiscott J, Nencioni L, Sgarbanti M. Identification of Anti-Influenza A Compounds Inhibiting the Viral Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Using a Type I Interferon-Driven Screening Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10495. [PMID: 37445672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify efficient antiviral compounds to combat existing and emerging RNA virus infections, particularly those related to seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. While inhibitors of the influenza viral integral membrane proton channel protein (M2), neuraminidase (NA), and cap-dependent endonuclease are available, circulating influenza viruses acquire resistance over time. Thus, the need for the development of additional anti-influenza drugs with novel mechanisms of action exists. In the present study, a cell-based screening assay and a small molecule library were used to screen for activities that antagonized influenza A non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a highly conserved, multifunctional accessory protein that inhibits the type I interferon response against influenza. Two potential anti-influenza agents, compounds 157 and 164, were identified with anti-NS1 activity, resulting in the reduction of A/PR/8/34(H1N1) influenza A virus replication and the restoration of IFN-β expression in human lung epithelial A549 cells. A 3D pharmacophore modeling study of the active compounds provided a glimpse of the structural motifs that may contribute to anti-influenza virus activity. This screening approach is amenable to a broader analysis of small molecule compounds to inhibit other viral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marsili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Remoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Sgarbanti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Orsatti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Puzelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Facchini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edvige Perrotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Agamennone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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An Unexpected Encounter: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Interacts with Mediator Subunit MED25. J Virol 2022; 96:e0129722. [PMID: 36102648 PMCID: PMC9555202 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01297-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons, play a crucial role in the first line of defense against RSV infection. However, only a poor induction of type I IFNs is observed during RSV infection, suggesting that RSV has evolved mechanisms to prevent type I IFN expression by the infected host cell.
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Comparative Investigation of Gene Regulatory Processes Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chicken and Duck. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020219. [PMID: 35205087 PMCID: PMC8868632 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian influenza poses a great risk to gallinaceous poultry, while mallard ducks can withstand most virus strains. To date, the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of chicken and the effective immune response of duck have not been completely understood. In this study, our aim is to investigate the transcriptional gene regulation governing the expression of important avian-influenza-induced genes and to reveal the master regulators stimulating an effective immune response after virus infection in ducks while dysfunctioning in chicken. Abstract The avian influenza virus (AIV) mainly affects birds and not only causes animals’ deaths, but also poses a great risk of zoonotically infecting humans. While ducks and wild waterfowl are seen as a natural reservoir for AIVs and can withstand most virus strains, chicken mostly succumb to infection with high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). To date, the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of chicken and the effective immune response of duck have not been completely unraveled. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional gene regulation underlying disease progression in chicken and duck after AIV infection. For this purpose, we use a publicly available RNA-sequencing dataset from chicken and ducks infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 and HPAI H5N1 (lung and ileum tissues, 1 and 3 days post-infection). Unlike previous studies, we performed a promoter analysis based on orthologous genes to detect important transcription factors (TFs) and their cooperation, based on which we apply a systems biology approach to identify common and species-specific master regulators. We found master regulators such as EGR1, FOS, and SP1, specifically for chicken and ETS1 and SMAD3/4, specifically for duck, which could be responsible for the duck’s effective and the chicken’s ineffective immune response.
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Zhou A, Dong X, Liu M, Tang B. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Novel Antiviral Factors Against Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632798. [PMID: 34367124 PMCID: PMC8337049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has a higher genetic variation, leading to the poor efficiency of traditional vaccine and antiviral strategies targeting viral proteins. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum antiviral treatments is particularly important. Host responses to IAV infection provide a promising approach to identify antiviral factors involved in virus infection as potential molecular drug targets. In this study, in order to better illustrate the molecular mechanism of host responses to IAV and develop broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we systematically analyzed mRNA expression profiles of host genes in a variety of human cells, including transformed and primary epithelial cells infected with different subtypes of IAV by mining 35 microarray datasets from the GEO database. The transcriptomic results showed that IAV infection resulted in the difference in expression of amounts of host genes in all cell types, especially those genes participating in immune defense and antiviral response. In addition, following the criteria of P<0.05 and |logFC|≥1.5, we found that some difference expression genes were overlapped in different cell types under IAV infection via integrative gene network analysis. IFI6, IFIT2, ISG15, HERC5, RSAD2, GBP1, IFIT3, IFITM1, LAMP3, USP18, and CXCL10 might act as key antiviral factors in alveolar basal epithelial cells against IAV infection, while BATF2, CXCL10, IFI44L, IL6, and OAS2 played important roles in airway epithelial cells in response to different subtypes of IAV infection. Additionally, we also revealed that some overlaps (BATF2, IFI44L, IFI44, HERC5, CXCL10, OAS2, IFIT3, USP18, OAS1, IFIT2) were commonly upregulated in human primary epithelial cells infected with high or low pathogenicity IAV. Moreover, there were similar defense responses activated by IAV infection, including the interferon-regulated signaling pathway in different phagocyte types, although the differentially expressed genes in different phagocyte types showed a great difference. Taken together, our findings will help better understand the fundamental patterns of molecular responses induced by highly or lowly pathogenic IAV, and the overlapped genes upregulated by IAV in different cell types may act as early detection markers or broad-spectrum antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Dong
- College of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, China
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Irradiation by a Combination of Different Peak-Wavelength Ultraviolet-Light Emitting Diodes Enhances the Inactivation of Influenza A Viruses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071014. [PMID: 32650492 PMCID: PMC7409356 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock. This study aimed to determine the ideal irradiation by ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for IAV disinfection. We irradiated the IAV H1N1 subtype with 4.8 mJ/cm2 UV using eight UV-LEDs [peak wavelengths (WL) = 365, 310, 300, 290, 280, 270, and 260 nm)] or a mercury low pressure (LP)-UV lamp (Peak WL = 254 nm). Inactivation was evaluated by the infection ratio of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells or chicken embryonated eggs. Irradiation by the 260 nm UV-LED showed the highest inactivation among all treatments. Because the irradiation-induced inactivation effects strongly correlated with damage to viral RNA, we calculated the correlation coefficient (RAE) between the irradiant spectrum and absorption of viral RNA. The RAE scores strongly correlated with the inactivation by the UV-LEDs and LP-UV lamp. To increase the RAE score, we combined three different peak WL UV-LEDs (hybrid UV-LED). The hybrid UV-LED (RAE = 86.3) significantly inactivated both H1N1 and H6N2 subtypes to a greater extent than 260 nm (RAE = 68.6) or 270 nm (RAE = 42.2) UV-LEDs. The RAE score is an important factor for increasing the virucidal effects of UV-LED irradiation.
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Kalenik BM, Góra-Sochacka A, Stachyra A, Olszewska-Tomczyk M, Fogtman A, Sawicka R, Śmietanka K, Sirko A. Response to a DNA vaccine against the H5N1 virus depending on the chicken line and number of doses. Virol J 2020; 17:66. [PMID: 32381003 PMCID: PMC7206725 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. Routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in Europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. Although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and challenge experiments. Methods We monitored the transcriptomic response to a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin from the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in the spleens of broiler and layer chickens. Moreover, in layer chickens the response to one and two doses of the vaccine was compared. Results All groups of birds immunized with two doses of the vaccine responded at the humoral level by producing specific anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. A response to the vaccine was also detected in the spleen transcriptomes. Differential expression of many genes encoding noncoding RNA and proteins functionally connected to the neuroendocrine-immune system was observed in different immunized groups. Conclusion Broiler chickens showed a higher number and wider range of fold-changes in the transcriptional response than laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Małgorzata Kalenik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachyra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Olszewska-Tomczyk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Róża Sawicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Śmietanka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Jiao P, Fan W, Cao Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Sun L, Luo T, Liu W, Li J. Robust induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression by influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus infection of A549 cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231039. [PMID: 32267861 PMCID: PMC7141683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and generally causes sporadic epidemics but is occasionally deadly to individuals. The current research mainly focuses on clinical and pathological characteristics of IBV. However, to better prevent or treat the disease, one must determine the strategies developed by IBV to invade and disrupt cellular proteins and approach to replicate itself, to suppress antiviral innate immunity, and understand how the host responds to IBV infection. The B/Shanghai/PD114/2018 virus was able to infect alveolar epithelial cells (A549) cells, with good potential for replication. To identify host cellular responses against IBV infection, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using RNA sequencing. The GO and KEGG pathway term enrichment analyses with the DEGs were performed, and we found that the DEGs were primary involved in metabolic processes and cellular function, which may be related to the host response, including the innate immune response against the virus. Our transcriptome analysis results demonstrated robust induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression by IBV in human cells during the early stages of infection, providing a foundation for further studies focused on antiviral drug development and interactions between the virus and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
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A System Based-Approach to Examine Host Response during Infection with Influenza A Virus Subtype H7N9 in Human and Avian Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020448. [PMID: 32075271 PMCID: PMC7072757 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the influenza A virus H7N9 subtype circulates within several avian species, it can also infect humans with a severe disease outcome. To better understand the biology of the H7N9 virus we examined the host response to infection in avian and human cells. In this study we used the A/Anhui/1/2013 strain, which was isolated during the first wave of the H7N9 epidemic. The H7N9 virus-infected both human (Airway Epithelial cells) and avian (Chick Embryo Fibroblast) cells, and each infected host transcriptome was examined with bioinformatic tools and compared with other representative avian and human influenza A virus subtypes. The H7N9 virus induced higher expression changes (differentially regulated genes) in both cell lines, with more prominent changes observed in avian cells. Ortholog mapping of differentially expression genes identified significant enriched common and cell-type pathways during H7N9 infections. This data confirmed our previous findings that different influenza A virus subtypes have virus-specific replication characteristics and anti-virus signaling in human and avian cells. In addition, we reported for the first time, the new HIPPO signaling pathway in avian cells, which we hypothesized to play a vital role to maintain the antiviral state of H7N9 virus-infected avian cells. This could explain the absence of disease symptoms in avian species that tested positive for the presence of H7N9 virus.
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Kumar S, Yeo D, Harur Muralidharan N, Lai SK, Tong C, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Impaired Nuclear Export of the Ribonucleoprotein Complex and Virus-Induced Cytotoxicity Combine to Restrict Propagation of the A/Duck/Malaysia/02/2001 (H9N2) Virus in Human Airway Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020355. [PMID: 32028682 PMCID: PMC7072679 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, (A549) cells impaired H9N2 virus nuclear export of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex contrasted with the early and efficient nuclear export of the H1N1/WSN and pH1N1 virus RNP complexes. Although nuclear export of the RNP complex occurred via the nuclear pore complex, H9N2 virus infection also induced modifications in the nuclear envelope and induced cell cytotoxicity. Reduced PA protein levels in H9N2 virus-infected A549 cells occurred, and this phenomenon was independent of virus infection. Silencing the H1N1/WSN PA protein expression leads to impaired nuclear export of RNP complexes, suggesting that the impaired nuclear export of the H9N2 virus RNP complex may be one of the consequences of reduced PA protein levels. Early and efficient export of the RNP complex occurred in H9N2 virus-infected avian (CEF) cells, although structural changes in the nuclear envelope also occurred. Collectively our data suggest that a combination of delayed nuclear export and virus-induced cell cytotoxicity restricts H9N2 virus transmission in A549 cells. However, the early and efficient export of the RNP complex mitigated the effects of virus-induced cytotoxicity on H9N2 virus transmission in CEF cells. Our findings highlight the multi-factorial nature of host-adaptation of the polymerase proteins of avian influenza viruses in non-avian cell environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Dawn Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore;
| | - Nisha Harur Muralidharan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Soak Kuan Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Cathlyn Tong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore;
| | - Richard J. Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.K.); (D.Y.); (N.H.M.); (S.K.L.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Blanco-Lobo P, Nogales A, Rodríguez L, Martínez-Sobrido L. Novel Approaches for The Development of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines. Viruses 2019; 11:E190. [PMID: 30813325 PMCID: PMC6409754 DOI: 10.3390/v11020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus still represents a considerable threat to global public health, despite the advances in the development and wide use of influenza vaccines. Vaccination with traditional inactivate influenza vaccines (IIV) or live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) remains the main strategy in the control of annual seasonal epidemics, but it does not offer protection against new influenza viruses with pandemic potential, those that have shifted. Moreover, the continual antigenic drift of seasonal circulating influenza viruses, causing an antigenic mismatch that requires yearly reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines, seriously compromises vaccine efficacy. Therefore, the quick optimization of vaccine production for seasonal influenza and the development of new vaccine approaches for pandemic viruses is still a challenge for the prevention of influenza infections. Moreover, recent reports have questioned the effectiveness of the current LAIV because of limited protection, mainly against the influenza A virus (IAV) component of the vaccine. Although the reasons for the poor protection efficacy of the LAIV have not yet been elucidated, researchers are encouraged to develop new vaccination approaches that overcome the limitations that are associated with the current LAIV. The discovery and implementation of plasmid-based reverse genetics has been a key advance in the rapid generation of recombinant attenuated influenza viruses that can be used for the development of new and most effective LAIV. In this review, we provide an update regarding the progress that has been made during the last five years in the development of new LAIV and the innovative ways that are being explored as alternatives to the currently licensed LAIV. The safety, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy profile of these new LAIVs reveal their possible implementation in combating influenza infections. However, efforts by vaccine companies and government agencies will be needed for controlled testing and approving, respectively, these new vaccine methodologies for the control of influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
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Wang X, Jia Y, Wang X, Wang C, Lv C, Li X, Chu Z, Han Q, Xiao S, Zhang S, Yang Z. MiR-375 Has Contrasting Effects on Newcastle Disease Virus Growth Depending on the Target Gene. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:44-57. [PMID: 30662346 PMCID: PMC6329920 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via either translational repression or mRNA degradation. They have important roles in both viral infection and host anti-infection processes. We discovered that the miR-375 is significantly upregulated in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken embryonic visceral tissues using a small RNA sequencing approach. Further research revealed that the overexpression of miR-375 markedly decreases the replication of the velogenic NDV F48E9 and the lentogenic NDV La Sota by targeting the M gene of NDV in DF-1 cells. Interestingly, miR-375 has another target, ELAVL4, which regulates chicken fibrocyte cell cycle progression and decreases NDV proliferation. In addition, miR-375 can influence bystander cells by its secretion in culture medium. Our results indicated that miR-375 is an inhibitor of NDV, but can also enhance NDV growth by reducing the expression of its target ELAVL4. These results emphasize the complex roles of microRNAs in the regulation of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
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14
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Tan KS, Yan Y, Koh WLH, Li L, Choi H, Tran T, Sugrue R, Wang DY, Chow VT. Comparative Transcriptomic and Metagenomic Analyses of Influenza Virus-Infected Nasal Epithelial Cells From Multiple Individuals Reveal Specific Nasal-Initiated Signatures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2685. [PMID: 30487780 PMCID: PMC6246735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo research based on cell lines and animals are likely to be insufficient in elucidating authentic biological and physiological phenomena mimicking human systems, especially for generating pre-clinical data on targets and biomarkers. There is an obvious need for a model that can further bridge the gap in translating pre-clinical findings into clinical applications. We have previously generated a model of in vitro differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) which elucidated the nasal-initiated repertoire of immune responses against respiratory viruses such as influenza A virus and rhinovirus. To assess their clinical utility, we performed a microarray analysis of influenza virus-infected hNECs to elucidate nasal epithelial-initiated responses. This was followed by a metagenomic analysis which revealed transcriptomic changes comparable with clinical influenza datasets. The primary target of influenza infection was observed to be the initiator of innate and adaptive immune genes, leaning toward type-1 inflammatory activation. In addition, the model also elucidated a down-regulation of metabolic processes specific to the nasal epithelium, and not present in other models. Furthermore, the hNEC model detected all 11 gene signatures unique to influenza infection identified from a previous study, thus supporting the utility of nasal-based diagnosis in clinical settings. In conclusion, this study highlights that hNECs can serve as a model for nasal-based clinical translational studies and diagnosis to unravel nasal epithelial responses to influenza in the population, and as a means to identify novel molecular diagnostic markers of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wai Ling Hiromi Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Nishisaka-Nonaka R, Mawatari K, Yamamoto T, Kojima M, Shimohata T, Uebanso T, Nakahashi M, Emoto T, Akutagawa M, Kinouchi Y, Wada T, Okamoto M, Ito H, Yoshida KI, Daidoji T, Nakaya T, Takahashi A. Irradiation by ultraviolet light-emitting diodes inactivates influenza a viruses by inhibiting replication and transcription of viral RNA in host cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:193-200. [PMID: 30391908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock, especially poultry and pigs. This study aimed to investigate how to inactivate IAVs by using different ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). We developed sterilization equipment with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) those peak wavelengths were 365 nm (UVA-LED), 310 nm (UVB-LED), and 280 nm (UVC-LED). These UV-LED irradiations decreased dose fluence-dependent plaque-forming units of IAV H1N1 subtype (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934) infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, but the inactivation efficiency of UVA-LED was significantly lower than UVB- and UVC-LED. UV-LED irradiations did not alter hemagglutination titer, but decreased accumulation of intracellular total viral RNA in infected MDCK cells was observed. Additionally, UV-LED irradiations suppressed the accumulation of intracellular mRNA (messenger RNA), vRNA (viral RNA), and cRNA (complementary RNA), as measured by strand-specific RT-PCR. These results suggest that UV-LEDs inhibit host cell replication and transcription of viral RNA. Both UVB- and UVC-LED irradiation decreased focus-forming unit (FFU) of H5N1 subtype (A/Crow/Kyoto/53/2004), a highly pathogenic avian IAV (HPAI), in infected MDCK cells, and the amount of FFU were lower than the H1N1 subtype. From these results, it appears that IAVs may have different sensitivity among the subtypes, and UVB- and UVC-LED may be suitable for HPAI virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nishisaka-Nonaka
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kojima
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Nakahashi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Emoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masatake Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Kinouchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Wada
- Nihon Funen Co., Ltd, 179-1 Mitsujima-shinden, Kawashima-cho, Yoshinogawa City, Tokushima 779-3394, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okamoto
- Nihon Funen Co., Ltd, 179-1 Mitsujima-shinden, Kawashima-cho, Yoshinogawa City, Tokushima 779-3394, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Nihon Funen Co., Ltd, 179-1 Mitsujima-shinden, Kawashima-cho, Yoshinogawa City, Tokushima 779-3394, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Nihon Funen Co., Ltd, 179-1 Mitsujima-shinden, Kawashima-cho, Yoshinogawa City, Tokushima 779-3394, Japan
| | - Tomo Daidoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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16
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Induction profiles of mRNA of toll like receptors and cytokines in chickens pre-exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus followed by challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:200-205. [PMID: 29476788 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the induction of TLRs and cytokines in chickens pre-exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus followed by challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was studied. Four groups (1-4) of chickens inoculated with 106 EID50 of H9N2 virus were challenged with 106 EID50 of H5N1 virus on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 post H9N2 inoculation, respectively. In groups (1-4) TLRs and cytokines induction was studied in chicken PBMCs on day 3 post H5N1 challenge. In H5N1 control group TLRs (1, 2, 5 and 7) cytokines (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL8 and TGF β3) were down regulated. In group 1 down regulation of cytokines and TLRs was similar to H5N1 control birds. Down regulation of TLRs and cytokines in H5N1 control and group 1 resulted death of all the chickens. In group 2, up-regulation of TLRs (3, 7 and 15) and induction of TNFα, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ aided virus clearance leading to survival of all the chickens. In group 3 significant up-regulation of TLRs (3, 4 and 15) and significant induction of cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL1β, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10 and TGF β3) was detected. In group 4 significant up-regulation of TLRs (2, 3, 7 and 15) and significant induction of cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL8 and IL10) was detected. In groups 3 and 4 simultaneous and significant induction of pro-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory cytokine resulted cytokine dysregulation leading to death of (2/6) and (3/6) chickens respectively. Hence, the study revealed TLRs and cytokines role in modulating the H5N1 infection outcome in chickens pre-exposed to H9N2 virus.
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Russell AB, Trapnell C, Bloom JD. Extreme heterogeneity of influenza virus infection in single cells. eLife 2018; 7:e32303. [PMID: 29451492 PMCID: PMC5826275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection can dramatically alter a cell's transcriptome. However, these changes have mostly been studied by bulk measurements on many cells. Here we use single-cell mRNA sequencing to examine the transcriptional consequences of influenza virus infection. We find extremely wide cell-to-cell variation in the productivity of viral transcription - viral transcripts comprise less than a percent of total mRNA in many infected cells, but a few cells derive over half their mRNA from virus. Some infected cells fail to express at least one viral gene, but this gene absence only partially explains variation in viral transcriptional load. Despite variation in viral load, the relative abundances of viral mRNAs are fairly consistent across infected cells. Activation of innate immune pathways is rare, but some cellular genes co-vary in abundance with the amount of viral mRNA. Overall, our results highlight the complexity of viral infection at the level of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair B Russell
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology ProgramFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology ProgramFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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18
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A rapid and transient innate immune response to avian influenza infection in mallards. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:64-72. [PMID: 29407578 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate innate immune system provides hosts with a rapid, non-specific response to a wide range of invading pathogens. However, the speed and duration of innate responses will be influenced by the co-evolutionary dynamics of specific host-pathogen combinations. Here, we show that low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) subtype H1N1 elicits a strong but extremely transient innate immune response in its main wildlife reservoir, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Using a series of experimental and methodological improvements over previous studies, we followed the expression of retinoic acid inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and myxovirus resistance gene (Mx) in mallards semi-naturally infected with low pathogenic H1N1. One day post infection, both RIG-I and Mx were significantly upregulated in all investigated tissues. By two days post infection, the expression of both genes had generally returned to basal levels, and remained so for the remainder of the experiment. This is despite the fact that birds continued to actively shed viral particles throughout the study period. We additionally show that the spleen plays a particularly active role in the innate immune response to LPAI. Waterfowl and avian influenza viruses have a long co-evolutionary history, suggesting that the mallard innate immune response has evolved to provide a minimum effective response to LPAIs such that the viral infection is brought under control while minimising the damaging effects of a sustained immune response.
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Inter-Species Host Gene Expression Differences in Response to Human and Avian Influenza A Virus Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112295. [PMID: 29104227 PMCID: PMC5713265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses are a source of sporadic human infections and could also contribute to future pandemic outbreaks but little is known about inter-species differences in the host responses to these viruses. Here, we studied host gene expression signatures of cell lines from three species (human, chicken, and canine) in response to six different viruses (H1N1/WSN, H5N2/F59, H5N2/F118, H5N2/F189, H5N3 and H9N2). Comprehensive microarray probe set re-annotation and ortholog mapping of the host genes was necessary to allow comparison over extended functionally annotated gene sets and orthologous pathways. The annotations are made available to the community for commonly used microarray chips. We observe a strong tendency of the response being cell type- rather than virus-specific. In chicken cells, we found up-regulation of host factors inducing virus infectivity (e.g., oxysterol binding protein like 1A (OSBPL1A) and Rho GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21)) while reducing apoptosis (e.g., mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27 (MRPS27)) and increasing cell proliferation (e.g., COP9 signalosome subunit 2 (COPS2)). On the other hand, increased antiviral, pro-apoptotic and inflammatory signatures have been identified in human cells while cell cycle and metabolic pathways were down-regulated. This signature describes how low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses are being tolerated and shed from chicken but potentially causing cellular disruption in mammalian cells.
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Interplay of PA-X and NS1 Proteins in Replication and Pathogenesis of a Temperature-Sensitive 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus. J Virol 2017. [PMID: 28637750 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00720-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, representing a serious public health concern. It has been described that one mechanism used by some IAV strains to escape the host innate immune responses and modulate virus pathogenicity involves the ability of the PA-X and NS1 proteins to inhibit the host protein synthesis in infected cells. It was reported that for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 IAV (pH1N1) only the PA-X protein had this inhibiting capability, while the NS1 protein did not. In this work, we have evaluated, for the first time, the combined effect of PA-X- and NS1-mediated inhibition of general gene expression on virus pathogenesis, using a temperature-sensitive, live-attenuated 2009 pandemic H1N1 IAV (pH1N1 LAIV). We found that viruses containing PA-X and NS1 proteins that simultaneously have (PAWT+/NS1MUT+) or do not have (PAMUT-/NS1WT-) the ability to block host gene expression showed reduced pathogenicity in vivo However, a virus where the ability to inhibit host protein expression was switched between PA-X and NS1 (PAMUT-/NS1MUT+) presented pathogenicity similar to that of a virus containing both wild-type proteins (PAWT+/NS1WT-). Our findings suggest that inhibition of host protein expression is subject to a strict balance, which can determine the successful progression of IAV infection. Importantly, knowledge obtained from our studies could be used for the development of new and more effective vaccine approaches against IAV.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in humans, resulting in thousands of deaths annually. Furthermore, IAVs can cause unpredictable pandemics of great consequence when viruses not previously circulating in humans are introduced into humans. The defense machinery provided by the host innate immune system limits IAV replication; however, to counteract host antiviral activities, IAVs have developed different inhibition mechanisms, including prevention of host gene expression mediated by the viral PA-X and NS1 proteins. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that optimal control of host protein synthesis by IAV PA-X and/or NS1 proteins is required for efficient IAV replication in the host. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of genetically controlling the ability of IAV PA-X and NS1 proteins to inhibit host immune responses, providing an approach to develop more effective vaccines to combat disease caused by this important respiratory pathogen.
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Berg J, Zscheppang K, Fatykhova D, Tönnies M, Bauer TT, Schneider P, Neudecker J, Rückert JC, Eggeling S, Schimek M, Gruber AD, Suttorp N, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC. Tyk2 as a target for immune regulation in human viral/bacterial pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/1/1601953. [PMID: 28705941 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01953-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The severity and lethality of influenza A virus (IAV) infections is frequently aggravated by secondary bacterial pneumonia. However, the mechanisms in human lung tissue that provoke this increase in fatality are unknown and therapeutic immune modulatory options are lacking.We established a human lung ex vivo co-infection model to investigate innate immune related mechanisms contributing to the susceptibility of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia.We revealed that type I and III interferon (IFN) inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced interleukin (IL)-1β release. The lack of IL-1β resulted in the repression of bacterially induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) liberation. Specific inhibition of IFN receptor I and III-associated tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) completely restored the S. pneumoniae-induced IL-1β-GM-CSF axis, leading to a reduction of bacterial growth. A preceding IAV infection of the human alveolus leads to a type I and III IFN-dependent blockade of the early cytokines IL-1β and GM-CSF, which are key for orchestrating an adequate innate immune response against bacteria. Their virally induced suppression may result in impaired bacterial clearance and alveolar repair.Pharmacological inhibition of Tyk2 might be a new treatment option to sustain beneficial endogenous GM-CSF levels in IAV-associated secondary bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Berg
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Dept of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Katja Zscheppang
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Tönnies
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Dept of Pneumology and Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Dept of Pneumology and Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Dept for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Dept of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens C Rückert
- Dept of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schimek
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Dept of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Dept of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Taye B, Chen H, Myaing MZ, Tan BH, Maurer-Stroh S, Sugrue RJ. Systems-based approach to examine the cytokine responses in primary mouse lung macrophages infected with low pathogenic avian Influenza virus circulating in South East Asia. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:420. [PMID: 28558796 PMCID: PMC5450074 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major public health concern, being responsible for the death of approximately half a million people each year. Zoonotic transmissions of the virus from swine and avian origin have occurred in the past, and can potentially lead to the emgergence of new IAV stains in future pandemics. Pulmonary macrophages have been implicated in disease severity in the lower airway, and understanding the host response of macrophages infected with avian influenza viruses should provide new therapeutic strategies. Results We used a systems-based approach to investigate the transcriptome response of primary murine lung macrophages (PMФ) infected with the mouse-adapted H1N1/WSN virus and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses H5N2 and H5N3. The results showed that the LPAI viruses H5N2 and H5N3 can infect PMФ with similar efficiency to the H1N1/WSN virus. While all viruses induced antiviral responses, the H5N3 virus infection resulted in higher expression levels of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammatory responses. Conclusions The LPAI H5N2 and H5N3 viruses are able to infect murine lung macrophages. However, the H5N3 virus was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Although the H5N3 virus it is capable of inducing high levels of cytokines that are associated with inflammation, this property is distinct from its inability to efficiently replicate in a mammalian host. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3803-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruhalem Taye
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.BOX 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Current address Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01, Genome, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Myint Zu Myaing
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, Defence Science Organisation National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore.,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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23
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Myaing MZ, Jumat MR, Huong TN, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Truncated forms of the PA protein containing only the C-terminal domains are associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex within H1N1 influenza virus particles. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:906-921. [PMID: 28141511 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the expression profile of the influenza virus PA protein in pH1N1/2009 virus-infected cells. Immunoblotting analysis of virus-infected MDCK cells revealed the presence of full-length PA protein from 8 h post-infection, together with the simultaneous appearance of PA protein species of approximately 50, 35/39 and 20/25 kDa (collectively referred to as PA*). PA* was also detected in H1N1/WSN-virus-infected cells, indicating that its presence was not virus-specific, and it was also observed in virus-infected A549 and chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, indicating that its presence was not cell-type-specific. PA* was detected in cells expressing the recombinant PA protein, indicating that the PA* formation occurred in the absence of virus infection. These data collectively indicated that PA* formation is an intrinsic property of PA gene expression. The association of PA* with purified influenza virus particles was demonstrated by immunoblotting, and a protease protection assay provided evidence that PA* was packaged into virus particles. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex was isolated from purified influenza virus particles using glycerol gradient centrifugation, which demonstrated that PA* was associated with the RNP complex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that PA protein species containing only segments of the C-terminal domain form during influenza virus infection. Furthermore, these truncated PA protein species are subsequently packaged into virus particles as part of the functional RNP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myint Zu Myaing
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tra Nguyen Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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24
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Chen S, Wang A, Sun L, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Cheng A. Identification of Type III Interferon (IFN-λ) in Chinese Goose: Gene Structure, Age-Dependent Expression Profile, and Antiviral Immune Characteristics In Vivo and In Vitro. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:269-277. [PMID: 28388308 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λ1/λ2/λ3, also known as IL-29/28A/28B, and IFN-λ4) are a recently discovered interferon group. In this study, we first identified the Chinese goose IFN-λ (goIFN-λ). The full-length sequence of goIFN-λ was found to be 823 bp. There was only one open reading frame that contained 570 bp, and, encoded 189 amino acids. The predicted goIFN-λ protein showed 78%, 67%, and 40% amino acid identity with duIFN-λ, chIFN-λ, and hIFN-λ3, respectively. The tissue distribution of goIFN-λ existed as a parallel distribution with goIFNLR1 as its functional receptor, which was mainly expressed in epithelium-rich tissues, such as lung, gizzard, proventriculus, skin and pancreas, and immune tissues, such as harderian gland and thymus. Furthermore, the immunological characteristics studies of goIFN-λ showed that there was a significant increase in the mRNA at the transcriptional level of goIFN-λ after the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with ploy (I:C) and ODN2006, and infected with Gosling plague virus (GPV). In vivo, the mRNA transcriptional level of goIFN-λ increased nearly 20 times in the lung tissue and nearly 40 times in the pancreatic tissue after being artificially infected with H9N2 AIV. It is suggested that goIFN-λ might play a pivotal role in the mucosal immune protection and antiviral defense.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chickens
- Ducks
- Geese/genetics
- Geese/immunology
- Geese/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Interferons/genetics
- Interferons/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Mice
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Open Reading Frames
- Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Lipei Sun
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 2 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
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25
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Li Y, Ming F, Huang H, Guo K, Chen H, Jin M, Zhou H. Proteome Response of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cells to Recombinant H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses with Different Neuraminidase Stalk Lengths. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40698. [PMID: 28079188 PMCID: PMC5227709 DOI: 10.1038/srep40698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The variation on neuraminidase (NA) stalk region of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus results in virulence change in animals. In our previous studies, the special NA stalk-motif of H5N1 viruses has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the high virulence and pathogenicity in chickens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of viruses with different NA stalk remain poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the proteome response of chicken cells to recombinant H5N1 virus with stalk-short NA (rNA-wt) and the stalkless NA mutant virus (rSD20). 208 proteins with differential abundance profiles were identified differentially expressed (DE), and these proteins were mainly related to stress response, transcription regulation, transport, metabolic process, cellular component and cytoskeleton. Through Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA), the significant biological functions of DE proteins represented included Post-Translational Modification, Protein Folding, DNA Replication, Recombination and Repair. It was interesting to find that most DE proteins were involved in the TGF-β mediated functional network. Moreover, the specific DE proteins may play important roles in the innate immune responses and H5N1 virus replication. Our data provide important information regarding the comparable host response to H5N1 influenza virus infection with different NA stalk lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.,College of Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Fan Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kelei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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26
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Yu G, Liang W, Liu J, Meng D, Wei L, Chai T, Cai Y. Proteomic Analysis of Differential Expression of Cellular Proteins in Response to Avian H9N2 Virus Infection of A549 Cells. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1962. [PMID: 28018302 PMCID: PMC5156691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, differentially expressed proteins in A549 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) were investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Sixteen different spots between the groups (ratio > 2, p < 0.05) were identified with mass spectrometry identification. Proteins located in the downstream of the NF-κB and IFN transcription factor pathways were identified, e.g., ISG15. Actin and keratin were also identified, suggesting that the cytoskeleton may plays an important role in the AIV infection of mammalian cells. These findings could provide insights into the interaction between host and influenza viruses and might provide valuable information for clarifying the pathogenesis of viral infections as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanliu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Dan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province Tai'an, China
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27
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Gao X, Huang L, Zhu L, Mou C, Hou Q, Yu Q. Inhibition of H9N2 Virus Invasion into Dendritic Cells by the S-Layer Protein from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:137. [PMID: 27826541 PMCID: PMC5078685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are essential for the prevention of virus invasion and the maintenance of the immune balance. However, the mechanism of competition between probiotics and virus are unknown. The objectives of this study were to isolate the surface layer (S-layer) protein from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 as a new antiviral material, to evaluate the stimulatory effects of the S-layer protein on mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and to verify its ability to inhibit the invasion of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in DCs. We found that the S-layer protein induced DCs activation and up-regulated the IL-10 secretion. The invasion and replication of the H9N2 virus in mouse DCs was successfully demonstrated. However, the invasion of H9N2 virus into DCs could be inhibited by treatment with the S-layer protein prior to infection, which was verified by the reduced hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) mRNA expression, and nucleoprotein (NP) protein expression in the DCs. Furthermore, treatment with the S-layer protein increases the Mx1, Isg15, and Ddx58 mRNA expressions, and remits the inflammatory process to inhibit H9N2 AIV infection. In conclusion, the S-layer protein stimulates the activation of mouse DCs, inhibits H9N2 virus invasion of DCs, and stimulates the IFN-I signaling pathway. Thus, the S-layer protein from Lactobacillus is a promising biological antiviral material for AIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
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28
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PathCellNet: Cell-type specific pathogen-response network explorer. J Immunol Methods 2016; 439:15-22. [PMID: 27659011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen specific immune response is a complex interplay between several innate and adaptive immune cell-types. Innate immune cells play a critical role in pathogen recognition and initiating the antigen specific adaptive immune response. Despite specific functional roles of the innate immune cells, they share several anti-viral pathways. The question then becomes, what is the overlap in the transcriptional changes induced upon viral infections across different cell-types? Here we investigate the extent to which gene signatures are conserved across innate immune cell-types by performing a comparative analysis of transcriptomic data. Particularly, we integrate transcriptomic datasets measuring response of two innate immune cells (epithelial and dendritic cells) to influenza virus. The study reveals cell-type specific regulatory genes and a conserved network between the two cell-types. Additionally, novel functionally associated gene clusters are identified which are robustly defined across multiple independent studies. These gene clusters can be used in future investigation, and to facilitate their use we release PathCellNet (version 0), a cloud based tool to explore cell-type specific connectivity of user-defined genes. In the future, expansion of PathCellNet will allow exploration of cell-type specific responses across a variety of pathogens and cell-types.
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29
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Andres-Terre M, McGuire HM, Pouliot Y, Bongen E, Sweeney TE, Tato CM, Khatri P. Integrated, Multi-cohort Analysis Identifies Conserved Transcriptional Signatures across Multiple Respiratory Viruses. Immunity 2016; 43:1199-211. [PMID: 26682989 PMCID: PMC4684904 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are a significant burden to healthcare worldwide. Many whole genome expression profiles have identified different respiratory viral infection signatures, but these have not translated to clinical practice. Here, we performed two integrated, multi-cohort analyses of publicly available transcriptional data of viral infections. First, we identified a common host signature across different respiratory viral infections that could distinguish (1) individuals with viral infections from healthy controls and from those with bacterial infections, and (2) symptomatic from asymptomatic subjects prior to symptom onset in challenge studies. Second, we identified an influenza-specific host response signature that (1) could distinguish influenza-infected samples from those with bacterial and other respiratory viral infections, (2) was a diagnostic and prognostic marker in influenza-pneumonia patients and influenza challenge studies, and (3) was predictive of response to influenza vaccine. Our results have applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of drug targets in viral infections. MVS is a common transcriptional host response to respiratory viral infection MVS could be used in clinics as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker IMS distinguishes influenza from other viral and bacterial infections IMS correlates with infection symptomatology and vaccine response
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Andres-Terre
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yannick Pouliot
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erika Bongen
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy E Sweeney
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cristina M Tato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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30
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Yuk SS, Lee DH, Park JK, Tseren-Ochir EO, Kwon JH, Noh JY, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Pre-immune state induced by chicken interferon gamma inhibits the replication of H1N1 human and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Virol J 2016; 13:71. [PMID: 27121613 PMCID: PMC4847267 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), an immunoregulatory cytokine, is known to control many microbial infections. In a previous study, chicken interferon gamma (chIFN-γ) was found to be up-regulated following avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in specific pathogen-free chickens. We aimed to investigate whether the pre-immune state induced by chIFN-γ could generate an antiviral response against influenza virus. Methods We generated a chIFN-γ-expressing plasmid and transfected it into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and then infected the cells with human origin H1N1 or avian origin H9N2 influenza viruses. Viral titers of culture medium were evaluated in MDCK cell and the viral RNA and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were then quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase. To further evaluate the role of the antiviral effect of chIFN-γ by using a backward approach, synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting chIFN-γ were used to suppress chIFN-γ. Results The chIFN-γ-stimulated CEFs inhibited the replication of viral RNA (vRNA) and showed a mild decrease in the infectious virus load released in the culture medium. Compared to the mock-transfected control, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes were up-regulated in the cells expressing chIFN-γ. After treatment with the siRNA, we detected a higher expression of viral genes than that observed in the mock-transfected control. Conclusions Our results suggest that apart from the important role played by chIFN-γ in the antiviral state generated against influenza virus infection, the pre-immune state induced by chIFN-γ can be helpful in mitigating the propagation of influenza virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0527-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Su Yuk
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Noh
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Department of Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Meshcheryakova A, Svoboda M, Tahir A, Köfeler HC, Triebl A, Mungenast F, Heinze G, Gerner C, Zimmermann P, Jaritz M, Mechtcheriakova D. Exploring the role of sphingolipid machinery during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition program using an integrative approach. Oncotarget 2016; 7:22295-323. [PMID: 26967245 PMCID: PMC5008362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is activated in epithelial cancer cells and facilitates their ability to metastasize based on enhanced migratory, proliferative, anti-apoptotic, and pluripotent capacities. Given the fundamental impact of sphingolipid machinery to each individual process, the sphingolipid-related mechanisms might be considered among the most prominent drivers/players of EMT; yet, there is still limited knowledge. Given the complexity of the interconnected sphingolipid system, which includes distinct sphingolipid mediators, their synthesizing enzymes, receptors and transporters, we herein apply an integrative approach for assessment of the sphingolipid-associated mechanisms underlying EMT program. We created the sphingolipid-/EMT-relevant 41-gene/23-gene signatures which were applied to denote transcriptional events in a lung cancer cell-based EMT model. Based on defined 35-gene sphingolipid/EMT-attributed signature of regulated genes, we show close associations between EMT markers, genes comprising the sphingolipid network at multiple levels and encoding sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-/ceramide-metabolizing enzymes, S1P and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors and S1P transporters, pluripotency genes and inflammation-related molecules, and demonstrate the underlying biological pathways and regulators. Mass spectrometry-based sphingolipid analysis revealed an EMT-attributed shift towards increased S1P and LPA accompanied by reduced ceramide levels. Notably, using transcriptomics data across various cell-based perturbations and neoplastic tissues (24193 arrays), we identified the sphingolipid/EMT signature primarily in lung adenocarcinoma tissues; besides, bladder, colorectal and prostate cancers were among the top-ranked. The findings also highlight novel regulatory associations between influenza virus and the sphingolipid/EMT-associated mechanisms. In sum, data propose the multidimensional contribution of sphingolipid machinery to pathological EMT and may yield new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald C. Köfeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Felicitas Mungenast
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Heinze
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Genome Wide Host Gene Expression Analysis in Chicken Lungs Infected with Avian Influenza Viruses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153671. [PMID: 27071061 PMCID: PMC4829244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of avian influenza infection varies greatly with individual bird species and virus strain. The molecular pathogenesis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) or the low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infection in avian species remains poorly understood. Thus, global immune response of chickens infected with HPAI H5N1 (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011) and LPAI H9N2 (A/duck/India/249800/2010) viruses was studied using microarray to identify crucial host genetic components responsive to these infection. HPAI H5N1 virus induced excessive expression of type I IFNs (IFNA and IFNG), cytokines (IL1B, IL18, IL22, IL13, and IL12B), chemokines (CCL4, CCL19, CCL10, and CX3CL1) and IFN stimulated genes (OASL, MX1, RSAD2, IFITM5, IFIT5, GBP 1, and EIF2AK) in lung tissues. This dysregulation of host innate immune genes may be the critical determinant of the severity and the outcome of the influenza infection in chickens. In contrast, the expression levels of most of these genes was not induced in the lungs of LPAI H9N2 virus infected chickens. This study indicated the relationship between host immune genes and their roles in pathogenesis of HPAIV infection in chickens.
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33
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To KKW, Lau CCY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Chan JFW, Chan KH, Zhang AJX, Chen H, Yuen KY. Human H7N9 virus induces a more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine but an attenuated interferon response in human bronchial epithelial cells when compared with an epidemiologically-linked chicken H7N9 virus. Virol J 2016; 13:42. [PMID: 26975414 PMCID: PMC4791762 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza virus H7N9 has jumped species barrier, causing sporadic human infections since 2013. We have previously isolated an H7N9 virus from a patient, and an H7N9 virus from a chicken in a live poultry market where the patient visited during the incubation period. These two viruses were genetically highly similar. This study sought to use a human bronchial epithelial cell line model to infer the virulence of these H7N9 viruses in humans. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 was infected with two H7N9 viruses (human H7N9-HU and chicken H7N9-CK), a human H5N1 virus and a human 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. The infected cell lysate was collected at different time points post-infection for the determination of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 [IL-10] and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]), chemokines (interleukin 8 [IL-8] and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]), and interferons (interferon β [IFN-β] and interferon lambda 1 [IFNL1]). The viral load in the cell lysate was also measured. Results Comparison of the human and chicken H7N9 viruses showed that H7N9-HU induced significantly higher levels of TNF-α at 12 h post-infection, and significantly higher levels of IL-8 from 12 to 48 h post-infection than those of H7N9-CK. However, the level of IFNL1 was lower for H7N9-HU than that of H7N9-CK at 48 h post-infection (P < 0.001). H7N9-HU had significantly higher viral loads than H7N9-CK at 3 and 6 h post-infection. H5N1 induced significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 than those of H7N9 viruses at 48 h post-infection. Conversely, H1N1 induced lower levels of TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1, IFNL1 and IFN-β when compared with H7N9 viruses at the same time point. Conclusions H7N9-HU induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 and exhibited a more rapid viral replication than H7N9-CK. However, the level of antiviral IFNL1 was lower for H7N9-HU than H7N9-CK. Our results suggest that the gained properties in modulating human innate immunity by H7N9-HU transformed it to be a more virulent virus in humans than H7N9-CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna J X Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhou H, Chen S, Yan B, Chen H, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Liu F, Yang Q, Wu Y, Sun K, Chen X, Jing B, Cheng A. LPAIV H9N2 Drives the Differential Expression of Goose Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:166. [PMID: 26925041 PMCID: PMC4756125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Geese, as aquatic birds, are an important natural reservoir of avian influenza virus (AIV). To characterize the innate antiviral immune response against AIV H9N2 strain infection in geese as well as the probable relationship between the expression of immune-related genes and the distribution of viral antigens, we investigated the levels of immune-related gene transcription both in AIV H9N2 strain-infected geese and in vitro. The patterns of viral location and the tissue distribution of CD4- and CD8α-positive cells were concurrently detected by immunohistochemical staining, which revealed respiratory and digestive organs as the primary sites of antigen-positive signals. Average AIV H9N2 viral loads were detected in the feces, Harderian gland (HG), and trachea, where higher copy numbers were detected compared with the rectum. Our results suggested the strong induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression compared with interferons (IFNs). Notably, in most tissues from the AIV H9N2 strain-infected birds, IFNα and IFNγ gene transcripts were differentially expressed. However, inverse changes in IFNα and IFNγ expression after AIV H9N2 strain infection were observed in vitro. Taken together, the results suggest that AIV H9N2 is widely distributed in multiple tissues, efficiently induces inflammatory cytokines in the HG and spleen of goslings and inversely influences type I and II IFN expression both in vivo and in vitro. The findings of this study further our understanding of host defense mechanisms and the pathogenesis of the H9N2 influenza virus in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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Human nasal epithelial cells derived from multiple subjects exhibit differential responses to H3N2 influenza virus infection in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:276-281.e15. [PMID: 26806046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Jang HJ, Lee HJ, Kang KS, Song KD, Kim TH, Song CS, Park MN. Molecular responses to the influenza A virus in chicken trachea-derived cells. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1190-201. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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37
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Beagle dogs have low susceptibility to BJ94-like H9N2 avian influenza virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:216-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Jumat MR, Huong TN, Ravi LI, Stanford R, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Viperin protein expression inhibits the late stage of respiratory syncytial virus morphogenesis. Antiviral Res 2015; 114:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Analysis of the crow lung transcriptome in response to infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Gene 2015; 559:77-85. [PMID: 25592823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, currently circulating in Asia, causes severe disease in domestic poultry as well as wild birds like crow. However, the molecular pathogenesis of HPAIV infection in crows and other wild birds is not well known. Thus, as a step to explore it, a comprehensive global gene expression analysis was performed on crow lungs, infected with HPAI H5N1 crow isolate (A/Crow/India/11TI11/2011) using high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) (GS FLX Titanium XLR70). The reference genome of crow is not available, so RNA seq analysis was performed on the basis of a de novo assembled transcriptome. The RNA seq result shows, 4052 genes were expressed uniquely in noninfected, 6277 genes were expressed uniquely in HPAIV infected sample and of the 6814 genes expressed in both samples, 2279 genes were significantly differentially expressed. Our transcriptome profile data allows for the ability to understand the molecular mechanism behind the recent lethal HPAIV outbreak in crows which was, until recently, thought to cause lethal infections only in gallinaceous birds such as chickens, but not in wild birds. The pattern of differentially expressed genes suggest that this isolate of H5N1 virus evades the host innate immune response by attenuating interferon (IFN)-inducible signalling possibly by down regulating the signalling from type I IFN (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and type II IFN receptors, upregulation of the signalling inhibitors suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 and altering the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs). This may be the reason for disease and mortality in crows.
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40
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Xie D, Han L, Luo Y, Liu Y, He S, Bai H, Wang S, Bo X. Exploring the associations of host genes for viral infection revealed by genome-wide RNAi and virus–host protein interactions. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:2511-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide RNA interference screens have greatly facilitated the identification of essential host factors (EHFs) for viral infections, whose knockdown effects significantly influence virus replication but not host cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yifu Luo
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Song He
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
- No. 451 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Biotechnology
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
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41
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A Phospho-SIM in the Antiviral Protein PML is Required for Its Recruitment to HSV-1 Genomes. Cells 2014; 3:1131-58. [PMID: 25513827 PMCID: PMC4276917 DOI: 10.3390/cells3041131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a significant human pathogen that infects a large portion of the human population. Cells deploy a variety of defenses to limit the extent to which the virus can replicate. One such factor is the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, the nucleating and organizing factor of nuclear domain 10 (ND10). PML responds to a number of stimuli and is implicated in intrinsic and innate cellular antiviral defenses against HSV-1. While the role of PML in a number of cellular pathways is controlled by post-translational modifications, the effects of phosphorylation on its antiviral activity toward HSV-1 have been largely unexplored. Consequently, we mapped phosphorylation sites on PML, mutated these and other known phosphorylation sites on PML isoform I (PML-I), and examined their effects on a number of PML's activities. Our results show that phosphorylation at most sites on PML-I is dispensable for the formation of ND10s and colocalization between PML-I and the HSV-1 regulatory protein, ICP0, which antagonizes PML-I function. However, inhibiting phosphorylation at sites near the SUMO-interaction motif (SIM) of PML-I impairs its ability to respond to HSV-1 infection. Overall, our data suggest that PML phosphorylation regulates its antiviral activity against HSV-1.
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Westenius V, Mäkelä SM, Ziegler T, Julkunen I, Österlund P. Efficient replication and strong induction of innate immune responses by H9N2 avian influenza virus in human dendritic cells. Virology 2014; 471-473:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Cannon G, Callahan MA, Gronemus JQ, Lowy RJ. Early activation of MAP kinases by influenza A virus X-31 in murine macrophage cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105385. [PMID: 25166426 PMCID: PMC4148262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early molecular responses to Influenza A (FLUA) virus strain A/X-31 H3N2 in macrophages were explored using J774.A1 and RAW 264.7 murine cell lines. NF-kappa B (NFκB) was reported to be central to FLUA host-response in other cell types. Our data showed that FLUA activation of the classical NFκB dependent pathway in these macrophages was minimal. Regulator proteins, IkappaB-alpha and -beta (IκBα, IκBβ), showed limited degradation peaking at 2 h post FLUA exposure and p65 was not observed to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Additionally, the non-canonical NFκB pathway was not activated in response to FLUA. The cells did display early increases in TNFα and other inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Mitogen activated phosphokinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are also reported to control production of inflammatory cytokines in response to FLUA. The activation of the MAPKs, cJun kinases 1 and 2 (JNK 1/2), extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), and p38 were investigated in both cell lines between 0.25 and 3 h post-infection. Each of these kinases showed increased phosphorylation post FLUA exposure. JNK phosphorylation occurred early while p38 phosphorylation appeared later. Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 occurred earlier in J774.A1 cells compared to RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibition of MAPK activation resulted in decreased production of most FLUA responsive cytokines and chemokines in these cells. The results suggest that in these monocytic cells the MAPK pathways are important in the early response to FLUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgetta Cannon
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Callahan
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenny Q. Gronemus
- Central Accessing Unit, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Joel Lowy
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Nacken W, Anhlan D, Hrincius ER, Mostafa A, Wolff T, Sadewasser A, Pleschka S, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S. Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection is independent of pathogen-related receptors but dependent on amino acid sequence variations of IAV NS1. J Virol 2014; 88:8843-52. [PMID: 24872593 PMCID: PMC4136289 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00424-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A hallmark cell response to influenza A virus (IAV) infections is the phosphorylation and activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, so far it is not fully clear which molecules are involved in the activation of JNK upon IAV infection. Here, we report that the transfection of influenza viral-RNA induces JNK in a retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent manner. However, neither RIG-I-like receptors nor MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptors were found to be involved in the activation of JNK upon IAV infection. Viral JNK activation may be blocked by addition of cycloheximide and heat shock protein inhibitors during infection, suggesting that the expression of an IAV-encoded protein is responsible for JNK activation. Indeed, the overexpression of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of certain IAV subtypes activated JNK, whereas those of some other subtypes failed to activate JNK. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments using NS1 of the IAV H7N7, H5N1, and H3N2 subtypes identified the amino acid residue phenylalanine (F) at position 103 to be decisive for JNK activation. Cleavage- and polyadenylation-specific factor 30 (CPSF30), whose binding to NS1 is stabilized by the amino acids F103 and M106, is not involved in JNK activation. Conclusively, subtype-specific sequence variations in the IAV NS1 protein result in subtype-specific differences in JNK signaling upon IAV infection. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to the activation or modulation of multiple signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a long-known stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, is activated by RIG-I when cells are treated with IAV RNA. However, at the same time, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of IAV has an intrinsic JNK-activating property that is dependent on IAV subtype-specific amino acid variations around position 103. Our findings identify two different and independent pathways that result in the activation of JNK in the course of an IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Nacken
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Darisuren Anhlan
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eike R Hrincius
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Virology Laboratory, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Division of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Sadewasser
- Division of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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45
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Influenza A virus attenuation by codon deoptimization of the NS gene for vaccine development. J Virol 2014; 88:10525-40. [PMID: 24965472 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01565-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza viral infection represents a serious public health problem that causes contagious respiratory disease, which is most effectively prevented through vaccination to reduce transmission and future infection. The nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus encodes an mRNA transcript that is alternatively spliced to express two viral proteins, the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and the nuclear export protein (NEP). The importance of the NS gene of influenza A virus for viral replication and virulence has been well described and represents an attractive target to generate live attenuated influenza viruses with vaccine potential. Considering that most amino acids can be synthesized from several synonymous codons, this study employed the use of misrepresented mammalian codons (codon deoptimization) for the de novo synthesis of a viral NS RNA segment based on influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) virus. We generated three different recombinant influenza PR8 viruses containing codon-deoptimized synonymous mutations in coding regions comprising the entire NS gene or the mRNA corresponding to the individual viral protein NS1 or NEP, without modifying the respective splicing and packaging signals of the viral segment. The fitness of these synthetic viruses was attenuated in vivo, while they retained immunogenicity, conferring both homologous and heterologous protection against influenza A virus challenges. These results indicate that influenza viruses can be effectively attenuated by synonymous codon deoptimization of the NS gene and open the possibility of their use as a safe vaccine to prevent infections with these important human pathogens. IMPORTANCE Vaccination serves as the best therapeutic option to protect humans against influenza viral infections. However, the efficacy of current influenza vaccines is suboptimal, and novel approaches are necessary for the prevention of disease cause by this important human respiratory pathogen. The nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza virus encodes both the multifunctional nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), essential for innate immune evasion, and the nuclear export protein (NEP), required for the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins and for timing of the virus life cycle. Here, we have generated a recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) virus containing a codon-deoptimized NS segment that is attenuated in vivo yet retains immunogenicity and protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. These results open the exciting possibility of using this NS codon deoptimization methodology alone or in combination with other approaches for the future development of vaccine candidates to prevent influenza viral infections.
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Li Y, Chen S, Zhang X, Fu Q, Zhang Z, Shi S, Zhu Y, Gu M, Peng D, Liu X. A 20-amino-acid deletion in the neuraminidase stalk and a five-amino-acid deletion in the NS1 protein both contribute to the pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mallard ducks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95539. [PMID: 24743258 PMCID: PMC3990698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2003, H5N1-subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) with both a deletion of 20 amino acids in the stalk of the neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein (A−) and a deletion of five amino acids at positions 80 to 84 in the non-structural protein NS1 (S−) have become predominant. To understand the influence of these double deletions in the NA and NS1 proteins on the pathogenicity of H5N1-subtype AIVs, we selected A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005 as a parental strain to generate rescued wild-type A−S− and three variants (A−S+ with a five-amino-acid insertion in the NS1 protein, A+S− with a 20-amino-acid insertion in the NA stalk, and A+S+ with insertions in both NA and NS1 proteins) and evaluated their biological characteristics and virulence. The titers of the AIVs with A− and/or S− replicated in DEF cells were higher than that of A+S+, and the A−S− virus exhibited a replication predominance when co-infected with the other variants in DEF cells. In addition, A−S− induced a more significant increase in the expression of immune-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mallard ducks in vitro compared with the other variants. Furthermore, an insertion in the NA and/or NS1 proteins of AIVs resulted in a notable decrease in virulence in ducks, as determined by intravenous pathogenicity index, and the two insertions exerted a synergistic effect on the attenuation of pathogenicity in ducks. In addition, compared with A+S+ and A+S−, the A−S+ and A−S− viruses that were introduced via the intranasal inoculation route exhibited a faster replication ability in the lungs of ducks. These data indicate that both the deletions in the NA stalk and the NS1 protein contribute to the high pathogenicity of H5N1 AIVs in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinbiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DP); (XL)
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DP); (XL)
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Prospective surveillance and molecular characterization of seasonal influenza in a university cohort in Singapore. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88345. [PMID: 24520371 PMCID: PMC3919768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Asia is believed to be a potential locus for the emergence of novel influenza strains, and therefore accurate sentinel surveillance in the region is critical. Limited information exists on sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) in young adults in Singapore in a University campus setting. The objective of the present study was to determine the proportion of ILI caused by influenza A and B viruses in a university cohort in Singapore. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a prospective surveillance study from May through October 2007, at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Basic demographic information and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from students and staff with ILI. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and viral isolation were employed to detect influenza viruses. Sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of some representative isolates was also performed. Overall proportions of influenza A and B virus infections were 47/266 (18%) and 9/266 (3%) respectively. The predominant subtype was A/H3N2 (55%) and the rest were A/H1N1 (45%). The overall sensitivity difference for detection of influenza A viruses using RT-PCR and viral isolation was 53%. Phylogenetic analyses of HA and NA gene sequences of Singapore strains showed identities higher than 98% within both the genes. The strains were more similar to strains included in the WHO vaccine recommendation for the following year (2008). Genetic markers of oseltamivir resistance were not detected in any of the sequenced Singapore isolates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE HA and NA gene sequences of Singapore strains were similar to vaccine strains for the upcoming influenza season. No drug resistance was found. Sentinel surveillance on university campuses should make use of molecular methods to better detect emerging and re-emerging influenza viral threats.
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Kuznetsova I, Shurygina AP, Wolf B, Wolschek M, Enzmann F, Sansyzbay A, Khairullin B, Sandybayev N, Stukova M, Kiselev O, Egorov A, Bergmann M. Adaptive mutation in nuclear export protein allows stable transgene expression in a chimaeric influenza A virus vector. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:337-349. [PMID: 24222196 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.056036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of influenza virus vectors with long insertions of foreign sequences remains difficult due to the small size and instable nature of the virus. Here, we used the influenza virus inherent property of self-optimization to generate a vector stably expressing long transgenes from the NS1 protein ORF. This was achieved by continuous selection of bright fluorescent plaques of a GFP-expressing vector during multiple passages in mouse B16f1 cells. The newly generated vector acquired stability in IFN-competent cell lines and in vivo in murine lungs. Although improved vector fitness was associated with the appearance of four coding mutations in the polymerase (PB2), haemagglutinin and non-structural (NS) segments, the stability of the transgene expression was dependent primarily on the single mutation Q20R in the nuclear export protein (NEP). Importantly, a longer insert, such as a cassette of 1299 nt encoding two Mycobacterium tuberculosis Esat6 and Ag85A proteins, could substitute for the GFP transgene. Thus, the inherent property of the influenza virus to adapt can also be used to adjust a vector backbone to give stable expression of long transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kuznetsova
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Polina Shurygina
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Brigitte Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wolschek
- Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Enzmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abylay Sansyzbay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeyskyi, Kazakhstan
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeyskyi, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Sandybayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeyskyi, Kazakhstan
| | - Marina Stukova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Kiselev
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrej Egorov
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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49
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Replication Efficiency of Influenza A Virus H9N2: A Comparative Analysis Between Different Origin Cell Types. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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50
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Hauser MJ, Dlugolenski D, Culhane MR, Wentworth DE, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA. Antiviral responses by Swine primary bronchoepithelial cells are limited compared to human bronchoepithelial cells following influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70251. [PMID: 23875024 PMCID: PMC3707852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine generate reassortant influenza viruses because they can be simultaneously infected with avian and human influenza; however, the features that restrict influenza reassortment in swine and human hosts are not fully understood. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) act as the first line of defense against influenza virus infection of respiratory epithelium. To determine if human and swine have different capacities to mount an antiviral response the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and normal swine bronchial epithelial (NSBE) cells was evaluated following infection with human (H3N2), swine (H1N1), and avian (H5N3, H5N2, H5N1) influenza A viruses. Expression of IFNλ and ISGs were substantially higher in NHBE cells compared to NSBE cells following H5 avian influenza virus infection compared to human or swine influenza virus infection. This effect was associated with reduced H5 avian influenza virus replication in human cells at late times post infection. Further, RIG-I expression was lower in NSBE cells compared to NHBE cells suggesting reduced virus sensing. Together, these studies identify key differences in the antiviral response between human and swine respiratory epithelium alluding to differences that may govern influenza reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Hauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Dlugolenski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marie R. Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David E. Wentworth
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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