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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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2
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Needs HI, Glover E, Pereira GC, Witt A, Hübner W, Dodding MP, Henley JM, Collinson I. Rescue of mitochondrial import failure by intercellular organellar transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:988. [PMID: 38307874 PMCID: PMC10837123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, composed mostly of nuclear-encoded proteins imported from the cytosol. Thus, problems with the import machinery will disrupt their regenerative capacity and the cell's energy supplies - particularly troublesome for energy-demanding cells of nervous tissue and muscle. Unsurprisingly then, import breakdown is implicated in disease. Here, we explore the consequences of import failure in mammalian cells; wherein, blocking the import machinery impacts mitochondrial ultra-structure and dynamics, but, surprisingly, does not affect import. Our data are consistent with a response involving intercellular mitochondrial transport via tunnelling nanotubes to import healthy mitochondria and jettison those with blocked import sites. These observations support the existence of a widespread mechanism for the rescue of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Emily Glover
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Gonçalo C Pereira
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Nanna Therapeutics, Merrifield Centre, Rosemary Lane, Cambridge, CB1 3LQ, UK
| | - Alina Witt
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Postfach 100131 D-33501, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Postfach 100131 D-33501, Germany
| | - Mark P Dodding
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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3
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Needs HI, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM, Collinson I. Aggregation-prone Tau impairs mitochondrial import, which affects organelle morphology and neuronal complexity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260993. [PMID: 37303235 PMCID: PMC10357015 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein import is essential for organellar biogenesis, and thereby for the sufficient supply of cytosolic ATP - which is particularly important for cells with high energy demands like neurons. This study explores the prospect of import machinery perturbation as a cause of neurodegeneration instigated by the accumulation of aggregating proteins linked to disease. We found that the aggregation-prone Tau variant (TauP301L) reduces the levels of components of the import machinery of the outer (TOM20, encoded by TOMM20) and inner membrane (TIM23, encoded by TIMM23) while associating with TOM40 (TOMM40). Intriguingly, this interaction affects mitochondrial morphology, but not protein import or respiratory function; raising the prospect of an intrinsic rescue mechanism. Indeed, TauP301L induced the formation of tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), potentially for the recruitment of healthy mitochondria from neighbouring cells and/or the disposal of mitochondria incapacitated by aggregated Tau. Consistent with this, inhibition of TNT formation (and rescue) reveals Tau-induced import impairment. In primary neuronal cultures, TauP301L induced morphological changes characteristic of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, these effects were mirrored in cells where the import sites were blocked artificially. Our results reveal a link between aggregation-prone Tau and defective mitochondrial import relevant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I. Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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4
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Dong W, Zhang W, Yuan L, Xie Y, Li Y, Li K, Zhu W. Rescuers from the Other Shore: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications in Central Nervous System Injury and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023. [PMID: 36867301 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
As the powerhouse and core of cellular metabolism and survival, mitochondria are the essential organelle in mammalian cells and maintain cellular homeostasis by changing their content and morphology to meet demands through mitochondrial quality control. It has been observed that mitochondria can move between cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which provides a novel strategy for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for applications in clinical settings. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize currently known mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, including modes, triggers, and functions. Due to the highly demanded energy and indispensable intercellular linkages of the central nervous system (CNS), we highlight the mitochondrial transfer in CNS. We also discuss future application possibilities and difficulties that need to be addressed in the treatment of CNS injury and diseases. This clarification should shed light on its potential clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), and its alteration is related to several neurological diseases. Supplementing exogenous mitochondrial donor cells and mitochondria, or utilizing some medications to regulate the process of transfer might mitigate the disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Maggio S, Canonico B, Ceccaroli P, Polidori E, Cioccoloni A, Giacomelli L, Ferri Marini C, Annibalini G, Gervasi M, Benelli P, Fabbri F, Del Coco L, Fanizzi FP, Giudetti AM, Lucertini F, Guescini M. Modulation of the Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Different Exercise Regimens and Study of Their Inflammatory Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033039. [PMID: 36769362 PMCID: PMC9917742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a novel class of exerkines that promotes systemic beneficial effects. However, slight differences in the applied exercise protocols in terms of mode, intensity and duration, as well as the need for standardized protocols for EV isolation, make the comparison of the studies in the literature extremely difficult. This work aims to investigate the EV amount and EV-associated miRNAs released in circulation in response to different physical exercise regimens. Healthy individuals were subjected to different exercise protocols: acute aerobic exercise (AAE) and training (AT), acute maximal aerobic exercise (AMAE) and altitude aerobic training (AAT). We found a tendency for total EVs to increase in the sedentary condition compared to trained participants following AAE. Moreover, the cytofluorimetric analysis showed an increase in CD81+/SGCA+/CD45- EVs in response to AAE. Although a single bout of moderate/maximal exercise did not impact the total EV number, EV-miRNA levels were affected as a result. In detail, EV-associated miR-206, miR-133b and miR-146a were upregulated following AAE, and this trend appeared intensity-dependent. Finally, THP-1 macrophage treatment with exercise-derived EVs induced an increase of the mRNAs encoding for IL-1β, IL-6 and CD163 using baseline and immediately post-exercise EVs. Still, 1 h post-exercise EVs failed to stimulate a pro-inflammatory program. In conclusion, the reported data provide a better understanding of the release of circulating EVs and their role as mediators of the inflammatory processes associated with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Ceccaroli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Polidori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Cioccoloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Centro Ecotekne, Monteroni, 73047 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Centro Ecotekne, Monteroni, 73047 Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Centro Ecotekne, Monteroni, 73047 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Catitti G, De Bellis D, Vespa S, Simeone P, Canonico B, Lanuti P. Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14098. [PMID: 36430575 PMCID: PMC9697937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are circulating particles surrounded by a plasma membrane carrying a cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNA fragments, stemming from the cells from which they originated. EV factors (i.e., miRNAs) play relevant roles in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically. As EVs increasingly gained attention as potential carriers for targeted genes, the study of EV effects on the host immune response became more relevant. It has been demonstrated that EVs regulate the host immune response, executing both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. It is also known that physical exercise triggers anti-inflammatory effects. This review underlines the role of circulating EVs as players in the anti-inflammatory events associated with the regulation of the host's immune response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Bellis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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7
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Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
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8
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Nahacka Z, Novak J, Zobalova R, Neuzil J. Miro proteins and their role in mitochondrial transfer in cancer and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937753. [PMID: 35959487 PMCID: PMC9358137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles essential for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Although their main cellular function, generation of energy in the form of ATP is dispensable for cancer cells, their capability to drive their adaptation to stress originating from tumor microenvironment makes them a plausible therapeutic target. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells with damaged oxidative phosphorylation import healthy (functional) mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells to drive pyrimidine synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has been shown that energetically competent mitochondria are fundamental for tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The spatial positioning and transport of mitochondria involves Miro proteins from a subfamily of small GTPases, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane. Miro proteins are involved in the structure of the MICOS complex, connecting outer and inner-mitochondrial membrane; in mitochondria-ER communication; Ca2+ metabolism; and in the recycling of damaged organelles via mitophagy. The most important role of Miro is regulation of mitochondrial movement and distribution within (and between) cells, acting as an adaptor linking organelles to cytoskeleton-associated motor proteins. In this review, we discuss the function of Miro proteins in various modes of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, emphasizing the structure and dynamics of tunneling nanotubes, the most common transfer modality. We summarize the evidence for and propose possible roles of Miro proteins in nanotube-mediated transfer as well as in cancer cell migration and metastasis, both processes being tightly connected to cytoskeleton-driven mitochondrial movement and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| | - Jaromir Novak
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
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Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress—with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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10
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Eugenin E, Camporesi E, Peracchia C. Direct Cell-Cell Communication via Membrane Pores, Gap Junction Channels, and Tunneling Nanotubes: Medical Relevance of Mitochondrial Exchange. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6133. [PMID: 35682809 PMCID: PMC9181466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of direct cell-cell communication has evolved in several small steps. First discovered in the 1930s in invertebrate nervous systems, it was thought at first to be an exception to the "cell theory", restricted to invertebrates. Surprisingly, however, in the 1950s, electrical cell-cell communication was also reported in vertebrates. Once more, it was thought to be an exception restricted to excitable cells. In contrast, in the mid-1960s, two startling publications proved that virtually all cells freely exchange small neutral and charged molecules. Soon after, cell-cell communication by gap junction channels was reported. While gap junctions are the major means of cell-cell communication, in the early 1980s, evidence surfaced that some cells might also communicate via membrane pores. Questions were raised about the possible artifactual nature of the pores. However, early in this century, we learned that communication via membrane pores exists and plays a major role in medicine, as the structures involved, "tunneling nanotubes", can rescue diseased cells by directly transferring healthy mitochondria into compromised cells and tissues. On the other hand, pathogens/cancer could also use these communication systems to amplify pathogenesis. Here, we describe the evolution of the discovery of these new communication systems and the potential therapeutic impact on several uncurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Enrico Camporesi
- Department of Surgery and TEAM Health Anesthesia, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Camillo Peracchia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
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11
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Tunneling Nanotubes between Cells Migrating in ECM Mimicking Fibrous Environments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081989. [PMID: 35454893 PMCID: PMC9030013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor cells grow, spread, and invade in a three-dimensional manner, but most experimental approaches in cancer cell biology focus on the behavior of cells in two-dimensional spaces. Patterns of cell invasion and spread in 2D may not accurately depict cell behavior in 3D tumors. We cultivated and investigated malignant mesothelioma cells on a 3D scaffold composed of nanofibers positioned in parallel and crosshatched network configurations to overcome this barrier. We focused on studying long extensions called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) protruding from cells and connecting with other cells, which have been shown to transmit signals from cell to cell and extend into the tumor microenvironments in a 3D manner. This manuscript describes the biophysics of the formation and function of cancer cell TNTs. These findings will impact the research community by accurately assessing how TNTs affect cancer cell invasion and migration in their natural 3D microenvironment using a novel bioengineered platform. Abstract Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) comprise a unique class of actin-rich nanoscale membranous protrusions. They enable long-distance intercellular communication and may play an integral role in tumor formation, progression, and drug resistance. TNTs are three-dimensional, but nearly all studies have investigated them using two-dimensional cell culture models. Here, we applied a unique 3D culture platform consisting of crosshatched and aligned fibers to fabricate synthetic suspended scaffolds that mimic the native fibrillar architecture of tumoral extracellular matrix (ECM) to characterize TNT formation and function in its native state. TNTs are upregulated in malignant mesothelioma; we used this model to analyze the biophysical properties of TNTs in this 3D setting, including cell migration in relation to TNT dynamics, rate of TNT-mediated intercellular transport of cargo, and conformation of TNT-forming cells. We found that highly migratory elongated cells on aligned fibers formed significantly longer but fewer TNTs than uniformly spread cells on crossing fibers. We developed new quantitative metrics for the classification of TNT morphologies based on shape and cytoskeletal content using confocal microscopy. In sum, our strategy for culturing cells in ECM-mimicking bioengineered scaffolds provides a new approach for accurate biophysical and biologic assessment of TNT formation and structure in native fibrous microenvironments.
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Lachowicz JI, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Fais S, Orrù G, Congiu T, Piras M, Faa G, Fanni D, Dalla Torre G, Lopez X, Chandra K, Szczepski K, Jaremko L, Ghosh M, Emwas AH, Castagnola M, Jaremko M, Hannappel E, Coni P. Thymosin β4 Is an Endogenous Iron Chelator and Molecular Switcher of Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:551. [PMID: 35008976 PMCID: PMC8745404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) was extracted forty years agofrom calf thymus. Since then, it has been identified as a G-actin binding protein involved in blood clotting, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory processes. Tβ4 has also been implicated in tumor metastasis and neurodegeneration. However, the precise roles and mechanism(s) of action of Tβ4 in these processes remain largely unknown, with the binding of the G-actin protein being insufficient to explain these multi-actions. Here we identify for the first time the important role of Tβ4 mechanism in ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, which leads to neurodegeneration and somehow protects cancer cells against cell death. Specifically, we demonstrate four iron2+ and iron3+ binding regions along the peptide and show that the presence of Tβ4 in cell growing medium inhibits erastin and glutamate-induced ferroptosis in the macrophage cell line. Moreover, Tβ4 increases the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, namely BAX, hem oxygenase-1, heat shock protein 70 and thioredoxin reductase 1, which are downregulated during ferroptosis. We state the hypothesis that Tβ4 is an endogenous iron chelator and take part in iron homeostasis in the ferroptosis process. We discuss the literature data of parallel involvement of Tβ4 and ferroptosis in different human pathologies, mainly cancer and neurodegeneration. Our findings confronted with literature data show that controlled Tβ4 release could command on/off switching of ferroptosis and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer and tissue degeneration pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I. Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Giusi Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sara Fais
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Gabriele Dalla Torre
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072 Donostia Euskadi, 20080 San Sebastian, Spain; (G.D.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072 Donostia Euskadi, 20080 San Sebastian, Spain; (G.D.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.C.); (K.S.); (L.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.C.); (K.S.); (L.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.C.); (K.S.); (L.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Mitra Ghosh
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.C.); (K.S.); (L.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.C.); (K.S.); (L.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Ewald Hannappel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (J.I.L.); (T.C.); (M.P.); (G.F.); (D.F.); (P.C.)
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Oxidative stress and Rho GTPases in the biogenesis of tunnelling nanotubes: implications in disease and therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:36. [PMID: 34921322 PMCID: PMC8683290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are an emerging route of long-range intercellular communication that mediate cell-to-cell exchange of cargo and organelles and contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis by balancing diverse cellular stresses. Besides their role in intercellular communication, TNTs are implicated in several ways in health and disease. Transfer of pathogenic molecules or structures via TNTs can promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer malignancy, and the spread of viral infection. Additionally, TNTs contribute to acquiring resistance to cancer therapy, probably via their ability to rescue cells by ameliorating various pathological stresses, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic stress. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in the rejuvenation of targeted cells with mitochondrial heteroplasmy and oxidative stress by transferring healthy mitochondria through TNTs. Recent research has focussed on uncovering the key regulatory molecules involved in the biogenesis of TNTs. However further work will be required to provide detailed understanding of TNT regulation. In this review, we discuss possible associations with Rho GTPases linked to oxidative stress and apoptotic signals in biogenesis pathways of TNTs and summarize how intercellular trafficking of cargo and organelles, including mitochondria, via TNTs plays a crucial role in disease progression and also in rejuvenation/therapy.
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14
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Valdebenito S, Malik S, Luu R, Loudig O, Mitchell M, Okafo G, Bhat K, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA. Tunneling nanotubes, TNT, communicate glioblastoma with surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to adapt them to hypoxic and metabolic tumor conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14556. [PMID: 34267246 PMCID: PMC8282675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the development and proper function of multicellular systems. We and others demonstrated that tunneling nanotubes (TNT) proliferate in several pathological conditions such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature, function, and contribution of TNT to cancer pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our analyses demonstrate that TNT structures are induced between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to transfer tumor-derived mitochondria. The mitochondrial transfer mediated by TNT resulted in the adaptation of non-tumor astrocytes to tumor-like metabolism and hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, TNT are an efficient cell-to-cell communication system used by cancer cells to adapt the microenvironment to the invasive nature of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shaily Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | | | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Tiwari V, Koganti R, Russell G, Sharma A, Shukla D. Role of Tunneling Nanotubes in Viral Infection, Neurodegenerative Disease, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680891. [PMID: 34194434 PMCID: PMC8236699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The network of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) represents the filamentous (F)-actin rich tubular structure which is connected to the cytoplasm of the adjacent and or distant cells to mediate efficient cell-to-cell communication. They are long cytoplasmic bridges with an extraordinary ability to perform diverse array of function ranging from maintaining cellular physiology and cell survival to promoting immune surveillance. Ironically, TNTs are now widely documented to promote the spread of various pathogens including viruses either during early or late phase of their lifecycle. In addition, TNTs have also been associated with multiple pathologies in a complex multicellular environment. While the recent work from multiple laboratories has elucidated the role of TNTs in cellular communication and maintenance of homeostasis, this review focuses on their exploitation by the diverse group of viruses such as retroviruses, herpesviruses, influenza A, human metapneumovirus and SARS CoV-2 to promote viral entry, virus trafficking and cell-to-cell spread. The later process may aggravate disease severity and the associated complications due to widespread dissemination of the viruses to multiple organ system as observed in current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In addition, the TNT-mediated intracellular spread can be protective to the viruses from the circulating immune surveillance and possible neutralization activity present in the extracellular matrix. This review further highlights the relevance of TNTs in ocular and cardiac tissues including neurodegenerative diseases, chemotherapeutic resistance, and cancer pathogenesis. Taken together, we suggest that effective therapies should consider precise targeting of TNTs in several diseases including virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Greer Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Ananya Sharma
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sola F, Canonico B, Montanari M, Volpe A, Barattini C, Pellegrino C, Cesarini E, Guescini M, Battistelli M, Ortolani C, Ventola A, Papa S. Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking Studies of Multiple Dye-Doped Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles in Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:29-48. [PMID: 33727804 PMCID: PMC7954439 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s290867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since most biologically active macromolecules are natural nanostructures, operating in the same scale of biomolecules gives the great advantage to enhance the interaction with cellular components. Noteworthy efforts in nanotechnology, particularly in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, have propelled a high number of studies on the biological effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, the determination of specific physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is crucial for the evaluation and design of novel safe and efficient therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In this in vitro study, we report a physicochemical characterisation of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs), interacting with biological models (U937 and PBMC cells), describing the specific triggered biologic response. Methods Flow Cytometric and Confocal analyses are the main method platforms. However TEM, NTA, DLS, and chemical procedures to synthesize NPs were employed. Results NTB700 NPs, employed in this study, are fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles, synthesized through a micelle-assisted method, where the fluorescence energy transfer process, known as FRET, occurs at a high efficiency rate. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we observed that NTB700 NP uptake seemed to be a rapid, concentration-, energy- and cell type-dependent process, which did not induce significant cytotoxic effects. We did not observe a preferred route of internalization, although their size and the possible aggregated state could influence their extrusion. At this level of analysis, our investigation focuses on lysosome and mitochondria pathways, highlighting that both are involved in NP co-localization. Despite the main mitochondria localization, NPs did not induce a significant increase of intracellular ROS, known inductors of apoptosis, during the time course of analyses. Finally, both lymphoid and myeloid cells are able to release NPs, essential to their biosafety. Discussion These data allow to consider NTB700 NPs a promising platform for future development of a multifunctional system, by combining imaging and localized therapeutic applications in a unique tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sola
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy.,AcZon Srl, Monte San Pietro, BO, 40050, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Barattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy.,AcZon Srl, Monte San Pietro, BO, 40050, Italy
| | | | - Erica Cesarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortolani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, 61029, Italy
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17
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Shahar M, Szalat A, Rosen H. Pathogenic Stress Induces Human Monocyte to Express an Extracellular Web of Tunneling Nanotubes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620734. [PMID: 33679763 PMCID: PMC7933571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-based tunneling nanotubes are a means of intercellular communication between remote cells. In the last decade, this type of nanotube was described in a wide variety of cell types and it became widely accepted that communication through these nanotubes is related to response to environmental changes. Few reports, however, are available regarding the expression of similar nanotubes in vivo or in primary cells. Moreover, the functional significance of this intercellular communication for health and disease is largely unknown. In this context, and as a first step in unraveling these questions, we examined the formation of similar nanotubes in primary peripheral human monocytes. To that end, we combined the use of a live cell imaging system along with advanced methods of fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. This experimental approach reveals for the first time that the bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin induces a transient expression of an unexpected abundance of actin-based tunneling nanotubes associated with vesicles. In addition, it was found that a similar response can be achieved by treating human monocytes with various bacterial and yeast membrane components, as well as with a viral component analog. In all these cases, this response is mediated by distinct complexes of toll-like receptors. Therefore, we suggest that the observed phenomena are related to a broad type of monocyte pathogen response, and raise the possibility that the phenomena described above may be involved in many clinical situations related to inflammation as a new topic of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shahar
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Auryan Szalat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Rosen
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Marassi V, Maggio S, Battistelli M, Stocchi V, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Guescini M, Roda B. An ultracentrifugation - hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation orthogonal approach for the purification and mapping of extracellular vesicle subtypes. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461861. [PMID: 33472105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the course of their life span, cells release a multitude of different vesicles in the extracellular matrix (EVs), constitutively and/or upon stimulation, carrying signals either inside or on their membrane for intercellular communication. As a natural delivery tool, EVs present many desirable advantages, such as biocompatibility and low toxicity. However, due to the complex biogenesis of EVs and their high heterogeneity in size distribution and composition, the characterization and quantification of EVs and their subpopulations still represents an enticing analytical challenge. Centrifugation methods allow to obtain different subpopulations in an easy way from cell culture conditioned medium and biological fluids including plasma, amniotic fluid and urine, but they still present some drawbacks and limitations. An unsatisfactory isolation can limit their downstream analysis and lead to wrong conclusions regarding biological activities. Isolation and characterization of biologically relevant nanoparticles like EVs is crucial to investigate specific molecular and signaling patterns and requires new combined approaches. Our work was focused on HF5 (miniaturized, hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation), and its hyphenation to ultracentrifugation techniques, which are the most assessed techniques for vesicle isolation. We exploited model samples obtained from culture medium of murine myoblasts (C2C12), known to release different subsets of membrane-derived vesicles. Large and small EVs (LEVs and SEVs) were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation (UC). Through an HF5 method employing UV, fluorescence and multi-angle laser scattering as detectors, we characterized these subpopulations in terms of size, abundance and DNA/protein content; moreover, we showed that microvesicles tend to hyper-aggregate and partially release nucleic matter. The quali-quantitative information we obtained from the fractographic profiles was improved with respect to Nano Tracking Analysis (NTA) estimation. The SEV population was then further separated using density gradient centrifugation (DGC), and four fractions were submitted again to HF5-multidetection. This technique is based on a fully orthogonal principle, since F4 does not separate by density, and provided uncorrelated information for each of the fractions processed. The "second dimension" achieved with HF5 showed good promise in sorting particles with both different size and content, and allowed to identify the presence of fibrilloid nucleic matter. This analytical bidimensional approach proved to be effective for the characterization of highly complex biological samples such as mixtures of EVs and could provide purified fractions for further biological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
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Lou E. A Ticket to Ride: The Implications of Direct Intercellular Communication via Tunneling Nanotubes in Peritoneal and Other Invasive Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:559548. [PMID: 33324545 PMCID: PMC7727447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.559548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance is crucial, but many of the underlying mechanisms are still being elucidated. Even with better understanding of molecular oncology and identification of genomic drivers of these processes, there has been a relative lag in identifying and appreciating the cellular drivers of both invasion and resistance. Intercellular communication is a vital process that unifies and synchronizes the diverse components of the tumoral infrastructure. Elucidation of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) over the past decade has cast a brighter light on this field. And yet even with this advance, in addition to diffusible soluble factor-mediated paracrine and endocrine cell communication as well as EVs, additional niches of intratumoral communication are filled by other modes of intercellular transfer. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), tumor microtubes (TMs), and other similar intercellular channels are long filamentous actin-based cellular conduits (in most epithelial cancer cell types, ~15-500 µm in length; 50–1000+ nm in width). They extend and form direct connections between distant cells, serving as conduits for direct intercellular transfer of cell cargo, such as mitochondria, exosomes, and microRNAs; however, many of their functional roles in mediating tumor growth remain unknown. These conduits literally create a physical bridge to create a syncytial network of dispersed cells amidst the intercellular stroma-rich matrix. Emerging evidence suggests that they provide a cellular mechanism for induction and emergence of drug resistance and contribute to increased invasive and metastatic potential. They have been imaged in vitro and also in vivo and ex vivo in tumors from human patients as well as animal models, thus not only proving their existence in the TME, but opening further speculation about their exact role in the dynamic niche of tumor ecosystems. TNT cellular networks are upregulated between cancer and stromal cells under hypoxic and other conditions of physiologic and metabolic stress. Furthermore, they can connect malignant cells to benign cells, including vascular endothelial cells. The field of investigation of TNT-mediated tumor-stromal, and tumor-tumor, cell-cell communication is gaining momentum. The mixture of conditions in the microenvironment exemplified by hypoxia-induced ovarian cancer TNTs playing a crucial role in tumor growth, as just one example, is a potential avenue of investigation that will uncover their role in relation to other known factors, including EVs. If the role of cancer heterocellular signaling via TNTs in the TME is proven to be crucial, then disrupting formation and maintenance of TNTs represents a novel therapeutic approach for ovarian and other similarly invasive peritoneal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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20
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Rapamycin Re-Directs Lysosome Network, Stimulates ER-Remodeling, Involving Membrane CD317 and Affecting Exocytosis, in Campylobacter Jejuni-Lysate-Infected U937 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062207. [PMID: 32210050 PMCID: PMC7139683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The cytotoxic effects of Campylobacter have been mainly ascribed to the actions of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT): it is mandatory to put in evidence risk factors for sequela development, such as reactive arthritis (ReA) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Several researches are directed to managing symptom severity and the possible onset of sequelae. We found for the first time that rapamycin (RM) is able to largely inhibit the action of C. jejuni lysate CDT in U937 cells, and to partially avoid the activation of specific sub-lethal effects. In fact, we observed that the ability of this drug to redirect lysosomal compartment, stimulate ER-remodeling (highlighted by ER–lysosome and ER–mitochondria contacts), protect mitochondria network, and downregulate CD317/tetherin, is an important component of membrane microdomains. In particular, lysosomes are involved in the process of the reduction of intoxication, until the final step of lysosome exocytosis. Our results indicate that rapamycin confers protection against C. jejuni bacterial lysate insults to myeloid cells.
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21
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Mittal R, Karhu E, Wang JS, Delgado S, Zukerman R, Mittal J, Jhaveri VM. Cell communication by tunneling nanotubes: Implications in disease and therapeutic applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1130-1146. [PMID: 30206931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are a recently recognized means of long and short distance communication between a wide variety of cell types. TNTs are transient filamentous membrane protrusions that connect cytoplasm of neighboring or distant cells. Cytoskeleton fiber-mediated transport of various cargoes occurs through these tubules. These cargoes range from small ions to whole organelles. TNTs have been shown to contribute not only to embryonic development and maintenance of homeostasis, but also to the spread of infectious particles and resistance to therapies. These functions in the development and progression of cancer and infectious disease have sparked increasing scrutiny of TNTs, as their contribution to disease progression lends them a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of TNT structure and formation as well as the role of TNTs in pathology, focusing on viral, prion, and malignant disease. We then discuss the therapeutic possibilities of TNTs in light of their varied functions. Despite recent progress in the growing field of TNT research, more studies are needed to precisely understand the role of TNTs in pathological conditions and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elisa Karhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jay-Shing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stefanie Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ryan Zukerman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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22
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Yamashita YM, Inaba M, Buszczak M. Specialized Intercellular Communications via Cytonemes and Nanotubes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:59-84. [PMID: 30074816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, thin membrane protrusions such as cytonemes and tunneling nanotubes have emerged as a novel mechanism of intercellular communication. Protrusion-based cellular interactions allow for specific communication between participating cells and have a distinct spectrum of advantages compared to secretion- and diffusion-based intercellular communication. Identification of protrusion-based signaling in diverse systems suggests that this mechanism is a ubiquitous and prevailing means of communication employed by many cell types. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that protrusion-based intercellular communication is often involved in pathogenesis, including cancers and infections. Here we review our current understanding of protrusion-based intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko M Yamashita
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
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23
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Canonico B, Di Sario G, Cesarini E, Campana R, Luchetti F, Zamai L, Ortolani C, Nasoni MG, Baffone W, Papa S. Monocyte Response to Different Campylobacter jejuni Lysates Involves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Lysosomal⁻Mitochondrial Axis: When Cell Death Is Better Than Cell Survival. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E239. [PMID: 29899248 PMCID: PMC6024708 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium, commonly associated with gastroenteritis in humans. It explicates its virulence also by the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), able to cause irreversible cell cycle arrest. Infection by C. jejuni may result in the development of the Guillain⁻Barré Syndrome, an acute peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms of this disease could be caused by CDT-induced cell death and a subsequent inflammatory response. We tested C. jejuni lysates from different strains on donor monocytes: in fact, monocytes are potent producers of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, playing a major role in innate immunity and in non-specific host responses. We found, by cytometric and confocal analyses, that mitochondria and lysosomes were differently targeted: The C. jejuni strain that induced the most relevant mitochondrial alterations was the ATCC 33291, confirming an intrinsic apoptotic pathway, whereas the C. jejuni ISS 1 wild-type strain mostly induced lysosomal alterations. Lysates from all strains induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in monocytes, suggesting that ER stress was not associated with CDT but to other C. jejuni virulence factors. The ER data were consistent with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ content induced by the lysates. On the contrary, the changes in lysosomal acidic compartments and p53 expression (occurring together from time 0, T0, to 24 h) were mainly due to CDT. The loss of p53 may prevent or impede cell death and it was not observable with the mutant strain. CDT not only was responsible for specific death effects but also seemed to promote an apoptotic stimuli-resisting pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Gianna Di Sario
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Erica Cesarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Loris Zamai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ortolani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Maria Gemma Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Wally Baffone
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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24
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Guescini M, Maggio S, Ceccaroli P, Battistelli M, Annibalini G, Piccoli G, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Extracellular Vesicles Released by Oxidatively Injured or Intact C2C12 Myotubes Promote Distinct Responses Converging toward Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112488. [PMID: 29165341 PMCID: PMC5713454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation is triggered, among other situations, in response to muscle damage for regenerative purposes. It has been shown that during myogenic differentiation, myotubes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which participate in the signalling pattern of the microenvironment. Here we investigated whether EVs released by myotubes exposed or not to mild oxidative stress modulate the behaviour of targeted differentiating myoblasts and macrophages to promote myogenesis. We found that EVs released by oxidatively challenged myotubes (H2O2-EVs) are characterized by an increased loading of nucleic acids, mainly DNA. In addition, incubation of myoblasts with H2O2-EVs resulted in a significant decrease of myotube diameter, myogenin mRNA levels and myosin heavy chain expression along with an upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen: these effects collectively lead to an increase of recipient myoblast proliferation. Notably, the EVs from untreated myotubes induced an opposite trend in myoblasts, that is, a slight pro-differentiation effect. Finally, H2O2-EVs were capable of eliciting an increased interleukin 6 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, this is the first demonstration that myotubes communicate with surrounding macrophages via EV release. Collectively, the data reported herein suggest that myotubes, depending on their conditions, release EVs carrying differential signals which could contribute to finely and coherently orchestrate the muscle regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Paola Ceccaroli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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25
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Farahnak S, McGovern TK, Kim R, O'Sullivan M, Chen B, Lee M, Yoshie H, Wang A, Jang J, Al Heialy S, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Is a Determinant of CD4 T Cell-Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Communication through Membrane Conduits. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3086-3093. [PMID: 28924004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Activated CD4 T cells connect to airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro via lymphocyte-derived membrane conduits (LMCs) structurally similar to membrane nanotubes with unknown intercellular signals triggering their formation. We examined the structure and function of CD4 T cell-derived LMCs, and we established a role for ASMC-derived basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2b) and FGF receptor (FGFR)1 in LMC formation. Blocking FGF2b's synthesis and FGFR1 function reduced LMC formation. Mitochondrial flux from ASMCs to T cells was partially FGF2b and FGFR1 dependent. LMC formation by CD4 T cells and mitochondrial transfer from ASMCs was increased in the presence of asthmatic ASMCs that expressed more mRNA for FGF2b compared with normal ASMCs. These observations identify ASMC-derived FGF2b as a factor needed for LMC formation by CD4 T cells, affecting intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Rachael Kim
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Brian Chen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Minhyoung Lee
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Haruka Yoshie
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Anna Wang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Joyce Jang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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26
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Nawaz M, Fatima F. Extracellular Vesicles, Tunneling Nanotubes, and Cellular Interplay: Synergies and Missing Links. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:50. [PMID: 28770210 PMCID: PMC5513920 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of intercellular communication seems to have been a highly conserved evolutionary process. Higher eukaryotes use several means of intercellular communication to address both the changing physiological demands of the body and to fight against diseases. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding how cell-derived nanovesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), can function as normal paracrine mediators of intercellular communication, but can also elicit disease progression and may be used for innovative therapies. Over the last decade, a large body of evidence has accumulated to show that cells use cytoplasmic extensions comprising open-ended channels called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) to connect cells at a long distance and facilitate the exchange of cytoplasmic material. TNTs are a different means of communication to classical gap junctions or cell fusions; since they are characterized by long distance bridging that transfers cytoplasmic organelles and intracellular vesicles between cells and represent the process of heteroplasmy. The role of EVs in cell communication is relatively well-understood, but how TNTs fit into this process is just emerging. The aim of this review is to describe the relationship between TNTs and EVs, and to discuss the synergies between these two crucial processes in the context of normal cellular cross-talk, physiological roles, modulation of immune responses, development of diseases, and their combinatory effects in tissue repair. At the present time this review appears to be the first summary of the implications of the overlapping roles of TNTs and EVs. We believe that a better appreciation of these parallel processes will improve our understanding on how these nanoscale conduits can be utilized as novel tools for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Tardivel M, Bégard S, Bousset L, Dujardin S, Coens A, Melki R, Buée L, Colin M. Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-mediated neuron-to neuron transfer of pathological Tau protein assemblies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:117. [PMID: 27809932 PMCID: PMC5096005 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A given cell makes exchanges with its neighbors through a variety of means ranging from diffusible factors to vesicles. Cells use also tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), filamentous-actin-containing membranous structures that bridge and connect cells. First described in immune cells, TNTs facilitate HIV-1 transfer and are found in various cell types, including neurons. We show that the microtubule-associated protein Tau, a key player in Alzheimer’s disease, is a bona fide constituent of TNTs. This is important because Tau appears beside filamentous actin and myosin 10 as a specific marker of these fine protrusions of membranes and cytosol that are difficult to visualize. Furthermore, we observed that exogenous Tau species increase the number of TNTs established between primary neurons, thereby facilitating the intercellular transfer of Tau fibrils. In conclusion, Tau may contribute to the formation and function of the highly dynamic TNTs that may be involved in the prion-like propagation of Tau assemblies.
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28
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Canonico B, Cesarini E, Salucci S, Luchetti F, Falcieri E, Di Sario G, Palma F, Papa S. Defective Autophagy, Mitochondrial Clearance and Lipophagy in Niemann-Pick Type B Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165780. [PMID: 27798705 PMCID: PMC5087958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type A (NP-A) and type B (NP-B) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by sphingomyelin accumulation in lysosomes relying on reduced or absent acid sphingomyelinase. A considerable body of evidence suggests that lysosomal storage in many LSD impairs autophagy, resulting in the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, ultimately leading to cell death. Here we test this hypothesis in a cellular model of Niemann-Pick disease type B, in which autophagy has never been studied. The basal autophagic pathway was first examined in order to evaluate its functionality using several autophagy-modulating substances such as rapamycin and nocodazole. We found that human NP-B B lymphocytes display considerable alteration in their autophagic vacuole accumulation and mitochondrial fragmentation, as well as mitophagy induction (for damaged mitochondria clearance). Furthermore, lipid traceability of intra and extra-cellular environments shows lipid accumulation in NP-B B lymphocytes and also reveals their peculiar trafficking/management, culminating in lipid microparticle extrusion (by lysosomal exocytosis mechanisms) or lipophagy. All of these features point to the presence of a deep autophagy/mitophagy alteration revealing autophagic stress and defective mitochondrial clearance. Hence, rapamycin might be used to regulate autophagy/mitophagy (at least in part) and to contribute to the clearance of lysosomal aberrant lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Erica Cesarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- IGM, CNR, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianna Di Sario
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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29
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Rustom A. The missing link: does tunnelling nanotube-based supercellularity provide a new understanding of chronic and lifestyle diseases? Open Biol 2016; 6:160057. [PMID: 27278648 PMCID: PMC4929939 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are increasingly recognized as central players in a multitude of cellular mechanisms and diseases. Although their existence and functions in animal organisms are still elusive, emerging evidence suggests that they are involved in developmental processes, tissue regeneration, viral infections or pathogen transfer, stem cell differentiation, immune responses as well as initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders and cancer (see Sisakhtnezhad & Khosravi 2015 Eur. J. Cell Biol. 94, 429-443. (doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.06.010)). A broader field of vision, including their striking functional and structural resemblance with nanotube-mediated phenomena found throughout the phylogenetic tree, from plants down to bacteria, points to a universal, conserved and tightly regulated mechanism of cellular assemblies. Based on our initial definition of TNTs as open-ended channels mediating membrane continuity between connected cells (Rustom et al. 2004 Science 303, 1007-1010. (doi:10.1126/science.1093133)), it is suggested that animal tissues represent supercellular assemblies that-besides opening discrete communication pathways-balance diverse stress factors caused by pathological changes or fluctuating physiological and environmental conditions, such as oxidative stress or nutrient shortage. By combining current knowledge about nanotube formation, intercellular transfer and communication phenomena as well as associated molecular pathways, a model evolves, predicting that the linkage between reactive oxygen species, TNT-based supercellularity and the intercellular shuttling of materials will have significant impact on diverse body functions, such as cell survival, redox/metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial heteroplasmy. It implies that TNTs are intimately linked to the physiological and pathological state of animal cells and represent a central joint element of diverse diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rustom
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Institute of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Buszczak M, Inaba M, Yamashita YM. Signaling by Cellular Protrusions: Keeping the Conversation Private. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:526-534. [PMID: 27032616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Information exchange between different cells makes multicellular life possible. Signaling between cells can occur over long distances, as in the case of hormone signaling, or it can take place over short distances between immediately juxtaposed neighbors, as in the case of stem cell-niche signaling. The ability of signal-sending and -receiving cells to communicate with one another in a specific manner is of paramount importance in the proper development and function of tissues. Growing evidence indicates that different cellular protrusions help to achieve specificity in signaling that occurs between distinct cell types. Here, we focus on new roles for cellular protrusions in cell-to-cell communication, drawing special attention to how stem cells use specialized extensions to promote reception of self-renewing signals emanating from the niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yukiko M Yamashita
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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31
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Sisakhtnezhad S, Khosravi L. Emerging physiological and pathological implications of tunneling nanotubes formation between cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:429-43. [PMID: 26164368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is a critical requirement to coordinate behaviors of the cells in a community and thereby achieve tissue homeostasis and conservation of the multicellular organisms. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), as a cell-to-cell communication over long distance, allow for bi- or uni-directional transfer of cellular components between cells. Identification of inducing agents and the cell and molecular mechanism underling the formation of TNTs and their structural and functional features may lead to finding new important roles for these intercellular bridges in vivo and in vitro. During the last decade, research has shown TNTs have different structural and functional properties, varying between and within cell systems. In this review, we will focus on TNTs and their cell and molecular mechanism of formation. Moreover, the latest findings into their functional roles in physiological and pathological processes, such as signal transduction, micro and nano-particles delivery, immune responses, embryogenesis, cellular reprogramming, apoptosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases initiation and progression and pathogens transfer, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Khosravi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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32
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Siles-Lucas M, Morchon R, Simon F, Manzano-Roman R. Exosome-transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy? Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:208-14. [PMID: 25712154 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases associated with inflammation show fast annual increase in their incidence. This has been associated with excessive hygiene habits that limit contacts between the immune system and helminth parasites. Helminthic infections induce regulation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) leading to atypical Th2 type immune responses, with downregulation of the inflammatory component usually associated with these type of responses. Many cells, including those of the immune system, produce extracellular vesicles called exosomes which mediate either immune stimulation (DCs) or immune modulation (T cells). The transfer of miRNAs contained in T-cell exosomes has been shown to contribute to downregulate the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been recently described the delivery to the host-parasite interface of exosomes containing miRNAs by helminths and its internalization by host cells. In this sense, helminth microRNAs transported in exosomes and internalized by immune host cells exert an important role in the expansion of Treg cells, resulting in the control of inflammation. We here provide relevant information obtained in the field of exosomes, cell-cell communication and miRNAs, showing the high potential of helminth miRNAs delivered in exosomes to host cells as new therapeutic tools against diseases associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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33
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Guescini M, Canonico B, Lucertini F, Maggio S, Annibalini G, Barbieri E, Luchetti F, Papa S, Stocchi V. Muscle Releases Alpha-Sarcoglycan Positive Extracellular Vesicles Carrying miRNAs in the Bloodstream. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125094. [PMID: 25955720 PMCID: PMC4425492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, skeletal muscle has emerged as an important secretory organ producing soluble factors, called myokines, that exert either autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects. Moreover, recent studies have shown that muscle releases microRNAs into the bloodstream in response to physical exercise. These microRNAs affect target cells, such as hormones and cytokines. The mechanisms underlying microRNA secretion are poorly characterized at present. Here, we investigated whether muscle tissue releases extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry microRNAs in the bloodstream under physiological conditions such as physical exercise. Using density gradient separation of plasma from sedentary and physically fit young men we found EVs positive for TSG101 and alpha-sarcoglycan (SGCA), and enriched for miR-206. Cytometric analysis showed that the SGCA+ EVs account for 1–5% of the total and that 60–65% of these EVs were also positive for the exosomal marker CD81. Furthermore, the SGCA-immuno captured sub-population of EVs exhibited higher levels of the miR-206/miR16 ratio compared to total plasma EVs. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between the aerobic fitness and muscle-specific miRNAs and EV miR-133b and -181a-5p were significantly up-regulated after acute exercise. Thus, our study proposes EVs as a novel means of muscle communication potentially involved in muscle remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosué Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Wang X, Gerdes HH. Transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes rescues apoptotic PC12 cells. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1181-91. [PMID: 25571977 PMCID: PMC4572865 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are F-actin-based membrane tubes that form between cells in culture and in tissues. They mediate intercellular communication ranging from electrical signalling to the transfer of organelles. Here, we studied the role of TNTs in the interaction between apoptotic and healthy cells. We found that pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells treated with ultraviolet light (UV) were rescued when cocultured with untreated PC12 cells. UV-treated cells formed a different type of TNT with untreated PC12 cells, which was characterized by continuous microtubule localized inside these TNTs. The dynamic behaviour of mCherry-tagged end-binding protein 3 and the accumulation of detyrosinated tubulin in these TNTs indicate that they are regulated structures. In addition, these TNTs show different biophysical properties, for example, increased diameter allowing dye entry, prolonged lifetime and decreased membrane fluidity. Further studies demonstrated that microtubule-containing TNTs were formed by stressed cells, which had lost cytochrome c but did not enter into the execution phase of apoptosis characterized by caspase-3 activation. Moreover, mitochondria colocalized with microtubules in TNTs and transited along these structures from healthy to stressed cells. Importantly, impaired formation of TNTs and untreated cells carrying defective mitochondria were unable to rescue UV-treated cells in the coculture. We conclude that TNT-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria reverse stressed cells in the early stages of apoptosis. This provides new insights into the survival mechanisms of damaged cells in a multicellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - H-H Gerdes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
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Cho FN, Chang TH, Shu CW, Ko MC, Liao SK, Wu KH, Yu MS, Lin SJ, Hong YC, Chen CH, Hung CH, Chang YH. Enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cells following the acquisition of chimeric antigen receptors through trogocytosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109352. [PMID: 25313995 PMCID: PMC4196898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have the capacity to target tumors and are ideal candidates for immunotherapy. Viral vectors have been used to genetically modify in vitro expanded NK cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which confer cytotoxicity against tumors. However, use of viral transduction methods raises the safety concern of viral integration into the NK cell genome. In this study, we used trogocytosis as a non-viral method to modify NK cells for immunotherapy. A K562 cell line expressing high levels of anti-CD19 CARs was generated as a donor cell to transfer the anti-CD19 CARs onto NK cells via trogocytosis. Anti-CD19 CAR expression was observed in expanded NK cells after these cells were co-cultured for one hour with freeze/thaw-treated donor cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the localization of the anti-CD19 CARs on the NK cell surface. Acquisition of anti-CD19 CARs via trogocytosis enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell lines and primary B-ALL cells derived from patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the increased cytotoxicity of NK cells following the acquisition of CARs via trogocytosis. This novel strategy could be a potential valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of B-cell tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Nan Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Kuei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospitals, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sun Yu
- Haematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jer Lin
- Haematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Hong
- Haematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zhang J, Zhang Y. Membrane nanotubes: novel communication between distant cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:994-9. [PMID: 24008389 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The many kinds of cell structures involved in cell-cell communication include tight junction, adherens junction and gap junction, but almost all are between adjacent cells. Recently, a general and dynamic membrane tether, termed tunneling nanotubes or membrane nanotubes (MNTs), was discovered to be involved in communication between distant cells. By facilitating intercellular communication, MNTs contribute to many biological functions and pathologic changes in cells. Many works have revealed the structure, formation and functional properties of MNTs. However, as novel structures, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Institute of Vascular Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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37
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The molecular basis of induction and formation of tunneling nanotubes. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 352:67-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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