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Bleuzé M, Lehoux M, Auger JP, Gottschalk M, Segura M. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced during Streptococcus suis infection controls neutrophil recruitment in the blood without affecting bacterial clearance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403789. [PMID: 39156897 PMCID: PMC11327821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes diseases in pigs and has emerged as a zoonotic agent. When infected, the host develops an exacerbated inflammation that can lead to septic shock and meningitis. Although neutrophils greatly infiltrate the lesions, their dynamics during S. suis infection remain poorly described. Moreover, very few studies reported on the production and role of a key factor in the regulation of neutrophils: the colony-stimulating granulocyte factor (G-CSF). In this study, we characterized the G-CSF-neutrophil axis in the pathogenesis of S. suis induced disease. Using a mouse model of S. suis infection, we first evaluated the recruitment of neutrophils and their activation profile by flow cytometry. We found that infection provokes a massive neutrophil recruitment from the bone marrow to the blood and spleen. In both compartments, neutrophils displayed multiple activation markers. In parallel, we observed high systemic levels of G-CSF, with a peak of production coinciding with that of neutrophil recruitment. We then neutralized the effects of G-CSF and highlighted its role in the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow to the blood. However, it did not affect bacteremia nor the cytokine storm induced by S. suis. In conclusion, systemic G-CSF induces the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow to the blood, but its role in inflammation or bacterial clearance seems to be compensated by unknown factors. A better understanding of the role of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators could lead to better strategies for controlling the infection caused by S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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2
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An W, Lakhina S, Leong J, Rawat K, Husain M. Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape. Pathogens 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 39057788 PMCID: PMC11280125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the "flu" in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most significant because it causes recurring seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks in human populations, globally. The host innate immune response to IAV infection plays a critical role in sensing, preventing, and clearing the infection as well as in flu disease pathology. Host cells sense IAV infection through multiple receptors and mechanisms, which culminate in the induction of a concerted innate antiviral response and the creation of an antiviral state, which inhibits and clears the infection from host cells. However, IAV antagonizes and escapes many steps of the innate antiviral response by different mechanisms. Herein, we review those host and viral mechanisms. This review covers most aspects of the host innate immune response, i.e., (1) the sensing of incoming virus particles, (2) the activation of downstream innate antiviral signaling pathways, (3) the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, (4) and viral antagonism and escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (W.A.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (K.R.)
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3
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McGrath JJC, Vanderstocken G, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Cass SP, Afkhami S, Fantauzzi MF, Thayaparan D, Reihani A, Wang P, Beaulieu A, Shen P, Morissette M, Jiménez-Saiz R, Revill SD, Tabuchi A, Zabini D, Lee WL, Richards CD, Miller MS, Ask K, Kuebler WM, Simpson JA, Stämpfli MR. Cigarette smoke augments CSF3 expression in neutrophils to compromise alveolar-capillary barrier function during influenza infection. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102049. [PMID: 35058252 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02049-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smokers are at increased risk of acquiring influenza, developing severe disease and requiring hospitalisation/intensive care unit admission following infection. However, immune mechanisms underlying this predisposition are incompletely understood, and therapeutic strategies for influenza are limited. METHODS We used a mouse model of concurrent cigarette smoke exposure and H1N1 influenza infection, colony-stimulating factor (CSF)3 supplementation/receptor (CSF3R) blockade and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to investigate this relationship. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposure exacerbated features of viral pneumonia such as oedema, hypoxaemia and pulmonary neutrophilia. Smoke-exposed infected mice demonstrated an increase in viral (v)RNA, but not replication-competent viral particles, relative to infection-only controls. Interstitial rather than airspace neutrophilia positively predicted morbidity in smoke-exposed infected mice. Screening of pulmonary cytokines using a novel dysregulation score identified an exacerbated expression of CSF3 and interleukin-6 in the context of smoke exposure and influenza. Recombinant (r)CSF3 supplementation during influenza aggravated morbidity, hypothermia and oedema, while anti-CSF3R treatment of smoke-exposed infected mice improved alveolar-capillary barrier function. scRNAseq delineated a shift in the distribution of Csf3 + cells towards neutrophils in the context of cigarette smoke and influenza. However, although smoke-exposed lungs were enriched for infected, highly activated neutrophils, gene signatures of these cells largely reflected an exacerbated form of typical influenza with select unique regulatory features. CONCLUSION This work provides novel insight into the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke exacerbates influenza infection, unveiling potential therapeutic targets (e.g. excess vRNA accumulation, oedematous CSF3R signalling) for use in this context, and potential limitations for clinical rCSF3 therapy during viral infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J C McGrath
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Gilles Vanderstocken
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Steven P Cass
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew F Fantauzzi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danya Thayaparan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amir Reihani
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peiyao Wang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Beaulieu
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Shen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Morissette
- Dept of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Dept of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Spencer D Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arata Tabuchi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Zabini
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Dept of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R Stämpfli
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Adil MS, Khulood D, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Bioinformatics analyses reveal cell-barrier junction modulations in lung epithelial cells on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2000300. [PMID: 34740309 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell junctions maintain the blood-tissue barriers to preserve vascular and tissue integrity. Viral infections reportedly modulate cell-cell junctions to facilitate their invasion. However, information on the effect of COVID-19 infection on the gene expression of cell junction and cytoskeletal proteins is limited. Using the Gene Expression Omnibus and Reactome databases, we analyzed the data on human lung A549, NHBE, and Calu-3 cells for the expression changes in cell junction and cytoskeletal proteins by SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) infection. The analysis revealed changes in 3,660 genes in A549, 100 genes in NHBE, and 592 genes in Calu-3 cells with CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, EGOT (9.8-, 3- and 8.3-fold; p < .05) and CSF3 (4.3-, 33- and 56.3-fold; p < .05) were the only two genes significantly elevated in all three cell lines (A549, NHBE and Calu-3, respectively). On the other hand, 39 genes related to cell junctions and cytoskeleton were modulated in lung cells, with DLL1 demonstrating alterations in all cells. Alterations were also seen in several miRNAs associated with the cell junction and cytoskeleton genes modulated in the analysis. Further, matrix metalloproteinases involved in disease pathologies, including MMP-3, -9, and -12 demonstrated elevated expression on CoV-2 infection (p < .05). The study findings emphasize the integral role of cell junction and cytoskeletal genes in COVID-19, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Our analysis also identified a distinct EGOT gene that has not been previously implicated in COVID-19. Further studies on these newly identified genes and miRNAs could lead to advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daulat Khulood
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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5
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Martin KR, Wong HL, Witko-Sarsat V, Wicks IP. G-CSF - A double edge sword in neutrophil mediated immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101516. [PMID: 34728120 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital for the innate immune system's control of pathogens and neutrophil deficiency can render the host susceptible to life-threatening infections. Neutrophil responses must also be tightly regulated because excessive production, recruitment or activation of neutrophils can cause tissue damage in both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a key regulator of neutrophil biology, from production, differentiation, and release of neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow (BM) to modulating the function of mature neutrophils outside of the BM, particularly at sites of inflammation. G-CSF acts by binding to its cognate cell surface receptor on target cells, causing the activation of intracellular signalling pathways mediating the proliferation, differentiation, function, and survival of cells in the neutrophil lineage. Studies in humans and mice demonstrate that G-CSF contributes to protecting the host against infection, but conversely, it can play a deleterious role in inflammatory diseases. As such, neutrophils and the G-CSF pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets. This review will focus on understanding the role G-CSF plays in the balance between effective neutrophil mediated host defence versus neutrophil-mediated inflammation and tissue damage in various inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Martin
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Huon L Wong
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Ian P Wicks
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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6
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Tapia LI, Olivares M, Torres JP, De la Maza V, Valenzuela R, Contardo V, Tordecilla J, Álvarez AM, Varas M, Zubieta M, Salgado C, Venegas M, Gutiérrez V, Claverie X, Villarroel M, Santolaya ME. Cytokine and chemokine profiles in episodes of persistent high-risk febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Cytokine 2021; 148:155619. [PMID: 34134910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with cancer and persistent high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN), cytokines/chemokines profiles can guide the differentiation of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to infections and episodes of unknown origin (FN-UO). METHODS A prospective, multicenter study in Santiago, Chile included patients ≤ 18 years with cancer and HRFN. Clinical and microbiological studies were performed according to validated protocols. Serum levels of 38 cytokines/chemokines were determined on day 4 of persistent HRFN. We performed comparisons between i) HRFN episodes with a detected etiological agent (FN-DEA) and FN-UO, and ii) bacterial versus viral infections. ROC curves were used to assess the discriminatory power of the analytes. RESULTS 110 HRFN episodes were enrolled (median age 8 years, 53% female). Eighty-four patients were FN-DEA: 44 bacterial, 32 viral, and 8 fungal infections. Twenty-six cases were categorized as FN-UO. Both groups presented similar clinical and laboratory characteristics. Nineteen out of 38 analytes had higher concentrations in the FN-DEA versus FN-UO group. G-CSF, IL-6, and Flt-3L showed the highest discriminatory power to detect infection (AUC 0.763, 0.741, 0.701). Serum levels of G-CSF differentiated bacterial infections and IP-10 viral agents. A combination of G-CSF, IL-6, Flt-3L, and IP-10 showed an AUC of 0.839, 75% sensitivity, and 81% specificity. CONCLUSION A specific immune response is present on day four of persistent HRFN in children with cancer. We propose a combined measure of serum concentrations of G-CSF, IL-6, IP-10, and Flt-3L, in order to predict the presence of an infectious agent as compared to an episode of FN with unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Roberto del Río, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Olivares
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica De la Maza
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Valenzuela
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Contardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Roberto del Río, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Tordecilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Roberto del Río, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M Álvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Varas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Zubieta
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Salgado
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Venegas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Gutiérrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Claverie
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Milena Villarroel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - María E Santolaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile.
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Characterization of the Impact of Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus on the Trafficking, Phenotype, and Antigen Presentation Potential of Neutrophils and Their Ability to Acquire a Non-Structural Viral Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176347. [PMID: 32882969 PMCID: PMC7570176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate leukocytes that mount a rapid response to invading pathogens and sites of inflammation. Although neutrophils were traditionally considered responders to bacterial infections, recent advances have demonstrated that they are interconnected with both viral infections and cancers. One promising treatment strategy for cancers is to administer an oncolytic virus to activate the immune system and directly lyse cancerous cells. A detailed characterization of how the innate immune system responds to a viral-based therapy is paramount in identifying its systemic effects. This study analyzed how administering the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) intravenously at 1 × 109 PFU acutely influenced neutrophil populations. Bone marrow, blood, lungs, and spleen were acquired three- and 24-h after administration of VSV for analysis of neutrophils by flow cytometry. Infection with VSV caused neutrophils to rapidly egress from the bone marrow and accumulate in the lungs. A dramatic increase in immature neutrophils was observed in the lungs, as was an increase in the antigen presentation potential of these cells within the spleen. Furthermore, the potential for neutrophils to acquire viral transgene-encoded proteins was monitored using a variant of VSV that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). If an in vitro population of splenocytes were exposed to αCD3 and αCD28, a substantial proportion of the neutrophils would become GFP-positive. This suggested that the neutrophils could either acquire more virus-encoded antigens from infected splenocytes or were being directly infected. Five different dosing regimens were tested in mice, and it was determined that a single dose of VSV or two doses of VSV administered at a 24-h interval, resulted in a substantial proportion of neutrophils in the bone marrow becoming GFP-positive. This correlated with a decrease in the number of splenic neutrophils. Two doses administered at intervals longer than 24-h did not have these effects, suggesting that neutrophils became resistant to antigen uptake or direct infection with VSV beyond 24-h of activation. These findings implicated neutrophils as major contributors to oncolytic rhabdoviral therapies. They also provide several clear future directions for research and suggest that neutrophils should be carefully monitored during the development of all oncolytic virus-based treatment regimens.
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8
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Transcriptome profiling of poly(I:C)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in response to panaxadiol. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Mignard X, Biard L, Lemiale V, Mokart D, Pène F, Kouatchet A, Mayaux J, Vincent F, Nyunga M, Bruneel F, Rabbat A, Lebert C, Perez P, Meert AP, Benoit D, Hamidfar R, Darmon M, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and respiratory status of critically ill neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1156-1163. [PMID: 30277108 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1516874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In patients with hematologic malignancies, respiratory status may deteriorate during neutropenia recovery. This multicenter, observational study aims to evaluate granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) impact on respiratory status in critically ill neutropenic patients. Among 1011 critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies, 288 were neutropenic and included in this study. 201 (70%) did not receive G-CSF at day 1 or 2. After propensity score matching for the probability of receiving G-CSF at day 1 or 2, there was no association between G-CSF and respiratory deterioration at day 14 (OR =1.19; 95%CI (0.57-2.51); p = .64). Additional sensitivity analysis in patients admitted for acute respiratory failure showed similar results (OR =1.34; 95%CI (0.5-3.59); p = .57). Among patients who recovered from neutropenia, 75% experienced respiratory deterioration during neutropenia recovery. This study confirms that neutropenia recovery is a situation at risk of respiratory deterioration. However, whether G-CSF is an aggravating factor cannot be supported by our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mignard
- a Medical ICU , Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
| | - Lucie Biard
- b Department of Biostatistics , Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
| | | | - Djamel Mokart
- c ICU , Paoli Calmette Institute , Marseille , France
| | | | | | - Julien Mayaux
- f Medical ICU , Pitié-Salpétrière Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
| | | | | | | | - Antoine Rabbat
- j Respiratory Unit , Cochin Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
| | | | - Pierre Perez
- l ICU , Brabois Teaching Hospital , Nancy , France
| | - Anne-Pascale Meert
- m Service soins intensifs et urgences oncologiques , Institut Jules Bordet , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - Rebecca Hamidfar
- o ICU , Albert Michallon University Hospital , Grenoble , France
| | - Michael Darmon
- p ICU , Saint-Etienne University Hospital , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- a Medical ICU , Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- a Medical ICU , Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital , Paris , France
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10
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Ramírez-Alanis IA, Renaud JB, García-Lara S, Menassa R, Cardineau GA. Transient co-expression with three O-glycosylation enzymes allows production of GalNAc- O-glycosylated Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in N. benthamiana. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:98. [PMID: 30410568 PMCID: PMC6219069 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of economically relevant proteins in alternative expression platforms, especially plant expression platforms, has gained significant interest in recent years. A special interest in working with plants as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical proteins is related to low production costs, product safety and quality. Among the different properties that plants can also offer for the production of recombinant proteins, protein glycosylation is crucial since it may have an impact on pharmaceutical functionality and/or stability. RESULTS The pharmaceutical glycoprotein human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and subjected to mammalian-specific mucin-type O-glycosylation by co-expressing the pharmaceutical protein together with the glycosylation machinery responsible for such post-translational modification. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical glycoprotein human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor can be expressed in N. benthamiana plants via agroinfiltration with its native mammalian-specific mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel A. Ramírez-Alanis
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | | | - Silverio García-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Guy A. Cardineau
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-4467 USA
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11
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Abstract
Sendai virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, and an enveloped virus with a negative-stranded RNA genome. Sendai virus is not pathogenic to humans, but for mice and can cause pneumonia in mice. Easy and efficient techniques for propagating Sendai virus are required for studying virus replication, virus-induced innate- and adaptive-immunity, Sendai-virus-based virotherapy and IgA nephropathy. Here, we describe a protocol for Sendai virus propagation using chicken eggs. This traditional protocol enables us to generate a large amount of virus enough for animal experiments as well as cell culture experiments in a relatively inexpensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Tatsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
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12
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Mostafa HH, Vogel P, Srinivasan A, Russell CJ. Non-invasive Imaging of Sendai Virus Infection in Pharmacologically Immunocompromised Mice: NK and T Cells, but not Neutrophils, Promote Viral Clearance after Therapy with Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005875. [PMID: 27589232 PMCID: PMC5010285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In immunocompromised patients, parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections have an increased potential to spread to the lower respiratory tract (LRT), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immunologic defects that facilitate viral spread to the LRT will help in developing better management protocols. In this study, we immunosuppressed mice with dexamethasone and/or cyclophosphamide then monitored the spread of viral infection into the LRT by using a noninvasive bioluminescence imaging system and a reporter Sendai virus (murine PIV type 1). Our results show that immunosuppression led to delayed viral clearance and increased viral loads in the lungs. After cessation of cyclophosphamide treatment, viral clearance occurred before the generation of Sendai-specific antibody responses and coincided with rebounds in neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Neutrophil suppression using anti-Ly6G antibody had no effect on infection clearance, NK-cell suppression using anti-NK antibody delayed clearance, and T-cell suppression using anti-CD3 antibody resulted in no clearance (chronic infection). Therapeutic use of hematopoietic growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF had no effect on clearance of infection. In contrast, treatment with Sendai virus-specific polysera or a monoclonal antibody limited viral spread into the lungs and accelerated clearance. Overall, noninvasive bioluminescence was shown to be a useful tool to study respiratory viral progression, revealing roles for NK and T cells, but not neutrophils, in Sendai virus clearance after treatment with dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide. Virus-specific antibodies appear to have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H. Mostafa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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13
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Identification of Novel Inflammatory Cytokines and Contribution of Keratinocyte-Derived Chemokine to Inflammation in Response to Vibrio vulnificus Infection in Mice. Inflammation 2016; 38:1864-73. [PMID: 25862020 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, only tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin family cytokines have been found to be elicited in Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus)-infected animal models and humans. However, multiple other cytokines are also involved in the immune and inflammatory responses to foreign microorganism infection. Antibody array technology, unlike traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is able to detect multiple cytokines at one time. Therefore, in this study, we examined the proinflammatory cytokine profile in the serum and liver homogenate samples of bacterial-infected mice using antibody array technology. We identified nine novel cytokines in response to V. vulnificus infection in mice. We found that keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) was the most elevated cytokine and demonstrated that KC played a very important role in the V. vulnificus infection-elicited inflammatory response in mice, as evidenced by the fact that the blocking of KC by anti-KC antibody reduced hepatic injury in vivo and that KC induced by V. vulnificus infection in AML-12 cells chemoattracted neutrophils. Our findings implicate that KC may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and a possible therapeutic target for V. vulnificus infection.
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14
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Lefebvre JS, Lorenzo EC, Masters AR, Hopkins JW, Eaton SM, Smiley ST, Haynes L. Vaccine efficacy and T helper cell differentiation change with aging. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33581-94. [PMID: 27177221 PMCID: PMC5085104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and pneumonia are leading causes of death in elderly populations. With age, there is an increased inflammatory response and slower viral clearance during influenza infection which increases the risk of extended illness and mortality. Here we employ a preclinical murine model of influenza infection to examine the protective capacity of vaccination with influenza nucleoprotein (NP). While NP vaccination reduces influenza-induced lung inflammation in young mice, aged mice do not show this reduction, but are protected from influenza-induced mortality. Aged mice do make a significant amount of NP-specific IgG and adoptive transfer experiments show that NP antibody can protect from death but cannot reduce lung inflammation. Furthermore, young but not aged vaccinated mice generate significant numbers of NP-specific T cells following subsequent infection and few of these T cells are found in aged lungs early during infection. Importantly, aged CD4 T cells have a propensity to differentiate towards a T follicular helper (Tfh) phenotype rather than a T helper 1 (Th1) phenotype that predominates in the young. Since Th1 cells are important in viral clearance, reduced Th1 differentiation in the aged is critical and could account for some or all of the age-related differences in vaccine responses and infection resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S. Lefebvre
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
- Département de Pneumologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Erica C. Lorenzo
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - April R. Masters
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Jacob W. Hopkins
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Sheri M. Eaton
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Smiley
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
- NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
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15
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Barr T, Girke T, Sureshchandra S, Nguyen C, Grant K, Messaoudi I. Alcohol Consumption Modulates Host Defense in Rhesus Macaques by Altering Gene Expression in Circulating Leukocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:182-95. [PMID: 26621857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that chronic alcohol use disorder leads to increased susceptibility to several viral and bacterial infections, whereas moderate alcohol consumption decreases the incidence of colds and improves immune responses to some pathogens. In line with these observations, we recently showed that heavy ethanol intake (average blood ethanol concentrations > 80 mg/dl) suppressed, whereas moderate alcohol consumption (blood ethanol concentrations < 50 mg/dl) enhanced, T and B cell responses to modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in a nonhuman primate model of voluntary ethanol consumption. To uncover the molecular basis for impaired immunity with heavy alcohol consumption and enhanced immune response with moderate alcohol consumption, we performed a transcriptome analysis using PBMCs isolated on day 7 post-modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination, the earliest time point at which we detected differences in T cell and Ab responses. Overall, chronic heavy alcohol consumption reduced the expression of immune genes involved in response to infection and wound healing and increased the expression of genes associated with the development of lung inflammatory disease and cancer. In contrast, chronic moderate alcohol consumption upregulated the expression of genes involved in immune response and reduced the expression of genes involved in cancer. To uncover mechanisms underlying the alterations in PBMC transcriptomes, we profiled the expression of microRNAs within the same samples. Chronic heavy ethanol consumption altered the levels of several microRNAs involved in cancer and immunity and known to regulate the expression of mRNAs differentially expressed in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Barr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521; and
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Kathleen Grant
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521;
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16
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Agarwal S, Lakoma A, Chen Z, Hicks J, Metelitsa LS, Kim ES, Shohet JM. G-CSF Promotes Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis via STAT3-Dependent Cancer Stem Cell Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2566-79. [PMID: 25908586 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulation in neuroblastoma is known to be marked by expression of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Here, we report on the mechanistic contributions of the G-CSFR in neuroblastoma CSCs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the receptor ligand G-CSF selectively activates STAT3 within neuroblastoma CSC subpopulations, promoting their expansion in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous G-CSF enhances tumor growth and metastasis in human xenograft and murine neuroblastoma tumor models. In response to G-CSF, STAT3 acts in a feed-forward loop to transcriptionally activate the G-CSFR and sustain neuroblastoma CSCs. Blockade of this G-CSF-STAT3 signaling loop with either anti-G-CSF antibody or STAT3 inhibitor depleted the CSC subpopulation within tumors, driving correlated tumor growth inhibition, decreased metastasis, and increased chemosensitivity. Taken together, our results define G-CSF as a CSC-activating factor in neuroblastoma, suggest a comprehensive reevaluation of the clinical use of G-CSF in these patients to support white blood cell counts, and suggest that direct targeting of the G-CSF-STAT3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Lakoma
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Section of Pediatric Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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17
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Iwasaki A, Pillai PS. Innate immunity to influenza virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:315-28. [PMID: 24762827 DOI: 10.1038/nri3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a major pathogen of both humans and animals. Recent studies using gene-knockout mice have led to an in-depth understanding of the innate sensors that detect influenza virus infection in a variety of cell types. Signalling downstream of these sensors induces distinct sets of effector mechanisms that block virus replication and promote viral clearance by inducing innate and adaptive immune responses. In this Review, we discuss the various ways in which the innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to detect and respond to influenza virus infection. We consider whether the outcome of innate sensor stimulation promotes antiviral resistance or disease tolerance, and propose rational treatment strategies for the acute respiratory disease that is caused by influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Padmini S Pillai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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18
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Kim WK, Jain D, Sánchez MD, Koziol-White CJ, Matthews K, Ge MQ, Haczku A, Panettieri RA, Frieman MB, López CB. Deficiency of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 results in exacerbated chronic postviral lung inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:437-48. [PMID: 24417465 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201307-1338oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Respiratory viral infections can result in the establishment of chronic lung diseases. Understanding the early innate immune mechanisms that participate in the development of chronic postviral lung disease may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. The intracellular viral sensor protein melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) sustains the acute immune response to Sendai virus, a mouse pathogen that causes chronic lung inflammation, but its role in the development of postviral chronic lung disease is unknown. OBJECTIVES To establish the role of MDA5 in the development of chronic lung disease. METHODS MDA5-deficient or control mice were infected with Sendai virus. The acute inflammatory response was evaluated by profiling chemokine and cytokine expression and by characterizing the composition of the cellular infiltrate. The impact of MDA5 on chronic lung pathology and function was evaluated through histological studies, degree of oxygen saturation, and responsiveness to carbachol. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS MDA5 deficiency resulted in normal virus replication and in a distinct profile of chemokines and cytokines that associated with acute lung neutropenia and enhanced accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages. Diminished expression of neutrophil-recruiting chemokines was also observed in cells infected with influenza virus, suggesting a key role of MDA5 in driving the early accumulation of neutrophils at the infection site. The biased acute inflammatory response of MDA5-deficient mice led to an enhanced chronic lung inflammation, epithelial cell hyperplasia, airway hyperreactivity, and diminished blood oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS MDA5 modulates the development of chronic lung inflammation by regulating the early inflammatory response in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Keun Kim
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
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19
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Kim H, Zamel R, Bai XH, Liu M. PKC activation induces inflammatory response and cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64182. [PMID: 23691166 PMCID: PMC3656947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of airborne pathogens can induce inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells, which is a crucial component of host defence. However, excessive inflammatory responses and chronic inflammation also contribute to different diseases of the respiratory system. We hypothesized that the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the essential mechanisms of inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. In the present study, we stimulated human bronchial lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells with the phorbol ester Phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and examined gene expression profile using microarrays. Microarray analysis suggests that PKC activation induced dramatic changes in gene expression related to multiple cellular functions. The top two interaction networks generated from these changes were centered on NFκB and TNF-α, which are two commonly known pathways for cell death and inflammation. Subsequent tests confirmed the decrease in cell viability and an increase in the production of various cytokines. Interestingly, each of the increased cytokines was differentially regulated at mRNA and/or protein levels by different sub-classes of PKC isozymes. We conclude that pathological cell death and cytokine production in airway epithelial cells in various situations may be mediated through PKC related signaling pathways. These findings suggest that PKCs can be new targets for treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Kim
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Hui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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RNA helicase signaling is critical for type i interferon production and protection against Rift Valley fever virus during mucosal challenge. J Virol 2013; 87:4846-60. [PMID: 23408632 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01997-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging RNA virus with devastating economic and social consequences. Clinically, RVFV induces a gamut of symptoms ranging from febrile illness to retinitis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhagic fever, and death. It is known that type I interferon (IFN) responses can be protective against severe pathology; however, it is unknown which innate immune receptor pathways are crucial for mounting this response. Using both in vitro assays and in vivo mucosal mouse challenge, we demonstrate here that RNA helicases are critical for IFN production by immune cells and that signaling through the helicase adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) is protective against mortality and more subtle pathology during RVFV infection. In addition, we demonstrate that Toll-like-receptor-mediated signaling is not involved in IFN production, further emphasizing the importance of the RNA cellular helicases in type I IFN responses to RVFV.
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