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Abu-Toamih-Atamni HJ, Lone IM, Binenbaum I, Mott R, Pilalis E, Chatziioannou A, Iraqi FA. Mapping novel QTL and fine mapping of previously identified QTL associated with glucose tolerance using the collaborative cross mice. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:31-55. [PMID: 37978084 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A chronic metabolic illness, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic and multifactorial complicated disease. With an estimated 463 million persons aged 20 to 79 having diabetes, the number is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045, creating a significant worldwide health burden. Polygenic variants of diabetes are influenced by environmental variables. T2D is regarded as a silent illness that can advance for years before being diagnosed. Finding genetic markers for T2D and metabolic syndrome in groups with similar environmental exposure is therefore essential to understanding the mechanism of such complex characteristic illnesses. So herein, we demonstrated the exclusive use of the collaborative cross (CC) mouse reference population to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and, subsequently, suggested genes associated with host glucose tolerance in response to a high-fat diet. In this study, we used 539 mice from 60 different CC lines. The diabetogenic effect in response to high-fat dietary challenge was measured by the three-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) test after 12 weeks of dietary challenge. Data analysis was performed using a statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistic 23. Afterward, blood glucose concentration at the specific and between different time points during the IPGTT assay and the total area under the curve (AUC0-180) of the glucose clearance was computed and utilized as a marker for the presence and severity of diabetes. The observed AUC0-180 averages for males and females were 51,267.5 and 36,537.5 mg/dL, respectively, representing a 1.4-fold difference in favor of females with lower AUC0-180 indicating adequate glucose clearance. The AUC0-180 mean differences between the sexes within each specific CC line varied widely within the CC population. A total of 46 QTL associated with the different studied phenotypes, designated as T2DSL and its number, for Type 2 Diabetes Specific Locus and its number, were identified during our study, among which 19 QTL were not previously mapped. The genomic interval of the remaining 27 QTL previously reported, were fine mapped in our study. The genomic positions of 40 of the mapped QTL overlapped (clustered) on 11 different peaks or close genomic positions, while the remaining 6 QTL were unique. Further, our study showed a complex pattern of haplotype effects of the founders, with the wild-derived strains (mainly PWK) playing a significant role in the increase of AUC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa J Abu-Toamih-Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilona Binenbaum
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- e-NIOS Applications PC, 196 Syggrou Ave., 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Jiang ZF, Xuan LN, Sun XW, Liu SB, Yin J. Knockdown of SIK3 in the CA1 Region can Reduce Seizure Susceptibility in Mice by Inhibiting Decreases in GABA AR α1 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1404-1416. [PMID: 37715891 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between excitation and inhibition is an important cause of epilepsy. Salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene mutation can cause epilepsy. In this study, we first found that the expression of SIK3 is increased after epilepsy. Furthermore, the role of SIK3 in epilepsy was explored. In cultured hippocampal neurons, we used Pterosin B, a selective SIK3 inhibitor that can inhibit epileptiform discharges induced by the convulsant drug cyclothiazide (a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, CTZ). Knockdown of SIK3 inhibited epileptiform discharges and increased the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). In mice, knockdown of SIK3 reduced epilepsy susceptibility in a pentylenetetrazole (a GABAA receptor antagonist, PTZ) acute kindling experiment and increased the expression of GABAA receptor α1. In conclusion, our results suggest that blockade or knockdown of SIK3 can inhibit epileptiform discharges and that SIK3 has the potential to be a novel target for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fu Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li-Na Xuan
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Sun
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Babbe H, Sundberg TB, Tichenor M, Seierstad M, Bacani G, Berstler J, Chai W, Chang L, Chung DM, Coe K, Collins B, Finley M, Guletsky A, Lemke CT, Mak PA, Mathur A, Mercado-Marin EV, Metkar S, Raymond DD, Rives ML, Rizzolio M, Shaffer PL, Smith R, Smith J, Steele R, Steffens H, Suarez J, Tian G, Majewski N, Volak LP, Wei J, Desai PT, Ong LL, Koudriakova T, Goldberg SD, Hirst G, Kaushik VK, Ort T, Seth N, Graham DB, Plevy S, Venable JD, Xavier RJ, Towne JE. Identification of highly selective SIK1/2 inhibitors that modulate innate immune activation and suppress intestinal inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307086120. [PMID: 38147543 PMCID: PMC10769863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307086120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases (SIK) 1-3 are key regulators of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokine responses during innate immune activation. The lack of highly SIK-family or SIK isoform-selective inhibitors suitable for repeat, oral dosing has limited the study of the optimal SIK isoform selectivity profile for suppressing inflammation in vivo. To overcome this challenge, we devised a structure-based design strategy for developing potent SIK inhibitors that are highly selective against other kinases by engaging two differentiating features of the SIK catalytic site. This effort resulted in SIK1/2-selective probes that inhibit key intracellular proximal signaling events including reducing phosphorylation of the SIK substrate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) as detected with an internally generated phospho-Ser329-CRTC3-specific antibody. These inhibitors also suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while inducing anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in activated human and murine myeloid cells and in mice following a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Oral dosing of these compounds ameliorates disease in a murine colitis model. These findings define an approach to generate highly selective SIK1/2 inhibitors and establish that targeting these isoforms may be a useful strategy to suppress pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Babbe
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Thomas B. Sundberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Mark Tichenor
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Genesis Bacani
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - James Berstler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Wenying Chai
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Kevin Coe
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Michael Finley
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Alexander Guletsky
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Christopher T. Lemke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Puiying A. Mak
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Ashok Mathur
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Shailesh Metkar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Donald D. Raymond
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | | | | | - Paul L. Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Russell Smith
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Ruth Steele
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Javier Suarez
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Gaochao Tian
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Nathan Majewski
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Jianmei Wei
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Luvena L. Ong
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | | | - Gavin Hirst
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Virendar K. Kaushik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Nilufer Seth
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Scott Plevy
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
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Gangitano E, Baxter M, Voronkov M, Lenzi A, Gnessi L, Ray D. The interplay between macronutrients and sleep: focus on circadian and homeostatic processes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166699. [PMID: 37680898 PMCID: PMC10482045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are an emerging risk factor for metabolic diseases, for which the burden is particularly worrying worldwide. The importance of sleep for metabolic health is being increasingly recognized, and not only the amount of sleep plays an important role, but also its quality. In this review, we studied the evidence in the literature on macronutrients and their influence on sleep, focusing on the mechanisms that may lay behind this interaction. In particular, we focused on the effects of macronutrients on circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep in preclinical models, and reviewed the evidence of clinical studies in humans. Given the importance of sleep for health, and the role of circadian biology in healthy sleep, it is important to understand how macronutrients regulate circadian clocks and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangitano
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Voronkov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Shi F, de Fatima Silva F, Liu D, Patel HU, Xu J, Zhang W, Türk C, Krüger M, Collins S. Salt-inducible kinase inhibition promotes the adipocyte thermogenic program and adipose tissue browning. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101753. [PMID: 37321371 PMCID: PMC10319839 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Norepinephrine stimulates the adipose tissue thermogenic program through a β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade. We discovered that a noncanonical activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by PKA is required for the βAR-stimulation of adipose tissue browning. However, the downstream events triggered by PKA-phosphorylated mTORC1 activation that drive this thermogenic response are not well understood. METHODS We used a proteomic approach of Stable Isotope Labeling by/with Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) to characterize the global protein phosphorylation profile in brown adipocytes treated with the βAR agonist. We identified salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) as a candidate mTORC1 substrate and further tested the effect of SIK3 deficiency or SIK inhibition on the thermogenic gene expression program in brown adipocytes and in mouse adipose tissue. RESULTS SIK3 interacts with RAPTOR, the defining component of the mTORC1 complex, and is phosphorylated at Ser884 in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. Pharmacological SIK inhibition by a pan-SIK inhibitor (HG-9-91-01) in brown adipocytes increases basal Ucp1 gene expression and restores its expression upon blockade of either mTORC1 or PKA. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of Sik3 augments, while overexpression of SIK3 suppresses, Ucp1 gene expression in brown adipocytes. The regulatory PKA phosphorylation domain of SIK3 is essential for its inhibition. CRISPR-mediated Sik3 deletion in brown adipocytes increases type IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and enhances the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis such as Ucp1, Pgc1α, and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex protein. We further show that HDAC4 interacts with PGC1α after βAR stimulation and reduces lysine acetylation in PGC1α. Finally, a SIK inhibitor well-tolerated in vivo (YKL-05-099) can stimulate the expression of thermogenesis-related genes and browning of mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data reveal that SIK3, with the possible contribution of other SIKs, functions as a phosphorylation switch for β-adrenergic activation to drive the adipose tissue thermogenic program and indicates that more work to understand the role of the SIKs is warranted. Our findings also suggest that maneuvers targeting SIKs could be beneficial for obesity and related cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Flaviane de Fatima Silva
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hari U Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Clara Türk
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Fukada Y. Kinase signaling in distinct neuronal populations in the mouse brain controls sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303354120. [PMID: 37018202 PMCID: PMC10104544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303354120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fukada
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
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7
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Asano F, Kim SJ, Fujiyama T, Miyoshi C, Hotta-Hirashima N, Asama N, Iwasaki K, Kakizaki M, Mizuno S, Mieda M, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Shi S, Hirano A, Funato H, Yanagisawa M. SIK3-HDAC4 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates the timing of arousal at the dark onset and circadian period in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218209120. [PMID: 36877841 PMCID: PMC10089210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218209120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit circadian cycles of sleep and wakefulness under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), such as the strong arousal phase-locked to the beginning of the dark phase in laboratory mice. Here, we demonstrate that salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) deficiency in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons or neuromedin S (NMS)-producing neurons delayed the arousal peak phase and lengthened the behavioral circadian cycle under both 12-h light:12-h dark condition (LD) and constant dark condition (DD) without changing daily sleep amounts. In contrast, the induction of a gain-of-function mutant allele of Sik3 in GABAergic neurons exhibited advanced activity onset and a shorter circadian period. Loss of SIK3 in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-producing neurons lengthened the circadian cycle, but the arousal peak phase was similar to that in control mice. Heterozygous deficiency of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4, a SIK3 substrate, shortened the circadian cycle, whereas mice with HDAC4 S245A, which is resistant to phosphorylation by SIK3, delayed the arousal peak phase. Phase-delayed core clock gene expressions were detected in the liver of mice lacking SIK3 in GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that the SIK3-HDAC4 pathway regulates the circadian period length and the timing of arousal through NMS-positive neurons in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Asano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Staci J. Kim
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Noriko Hotta-Hirashima
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Nodoka Asama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Kanako Iwasaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Miyo Kakizaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa920-8640, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Shoi Shi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo143-8540, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8577, Japan
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8
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Kinase signalling in excitatory neurons regulates sleep quantity and depth. Nature 2022; 612:512-518. [PMID: 36477539 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress has been made in the elucidation of sleep and wakefulness regulation at the neurocircuit level1,2. However, the intracellular signalling pathways that regulate sleep and the neuron groups in which these intracellular mechanisms work remain largely unknown. Here, using a forward genetics approach in mice, we identify histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) as a sleep-regulating molecule. Haploinsufficiency of Hdac4, a substrate of salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3)3, increased sleep. By contrast, mice that lacked SIK3 or its upstream kinase LKB1 in neurons or with a Hdac4S245A mutation that confers resistance to phosphorylation by SIK3 showed decreased sleep. These findings indicate that LKB1-SIK3-HDAC4 constitute a signalling cascade that regulates sleep and wakefulness. We also performed targeted manipulation of SIK3 and HDAC4 in specific neurons and brain regions. This showed that SIK3 signalling in excitatory neurons located in the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus positively regulates EEG delta power during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and NREMS amount, respectively. A subset of transcripts biased towards synaptic functions was commonly regulated in cortical glutamatergic neurons through the expression of a gain-of-function allele of Sik3 and through sleep deprivation. These findings suggest that NREMS quantity and depth are regulated by distinct groups of excitatory neurons through common intracellular signals. This study provides a basis for linking intracellular events and circuit-level mechanisms that control NREMS.
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Wang K, Wang C, Chen D, Huang Y, Li J, Wei P, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Gao Y. The role of microglial/macrophagic salt-inducible kinase 3 on normal and excessive phagocytosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:439. [PMID: 35864266 PMCID: PMC9304053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) play a role in “normal phagocytosis,” which promoted the rapid clearance of necrotic substances and apoptotic cells. More recently, a few studies have found that Mi/MΦ also play a role in “pathological phagocytosis” in the form of excessive or reduced phagocytosis, thereby worsening damage induced by CNS diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms and the Mi/MΦ subtypes related to this pathological phagocytosis are still unknown. Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), a member of the 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, has been shown to regulate inflammation in several peripheral diseases. Whether SIK3 also regulates the inflammatory response in CNS diseases is currently unknown. Therefore, in this study, we created a transgenic tamoxifen-induced Mi/MΦ-specific SIK3 conditional knockout (SIK3-cKO) mouse to examine SIK3’s role in phagocytotic function induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). By single-cell RNA-seq, we found the pro-inflammatory Mi/MΦ phenotype performed an excessive phagocytotic function, but the anti-inflammatory Mi/MΦ phenotype performed a normal phagocytotic function. We found that SIK3-cKO caused Mi/MΦ heterogenization from the transitional phenotype to the anti-inflammatory phenotype after tFCI. This phenotypic shift corresponded with enhanced phagocytosis of both apoptotic and live neurons. Interestingly, SIK3-cKO enhanced normal phagocytosis of myelin debris but attenuating excessive phagocytosis of non-damaged myelin sheath, thereby protecting white matter integrity after tFCI. CD16, a pro-inflammation marker, was decreased significantly by SIK3-cKO and correlated with “excessive phagocytosis.” SIK3-cKO promoted long-term recovery of white matter function and neurological function as assessed with electrophysiological compound action potential (CAPs) and behavioral analysis. This study is the first to show a role of SIK3 in Mi/MΦ phagocytosis in CNS diseases, and reveals that promoting Mi/MΦ anti-inflammatory heterogenization inhibits “excessive phagocytosis” of live cells and facilitates “normal phagocytosis” of apoptotic cells. Therefore, inhibition of SIK3 in Mi/MΦ may be a potential therapeutic target in stroke and other CNS diseases with accompanying white matter destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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刘 秀, 许 乐, 吴 敬, 张 一, 吴 超, 张 霞. [Down-regulation of SIK2 expression alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting autophagy through the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1082-1088. [PMID: 35869774 PMCID: PMC9308860 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. METHODS Fifteen male SD rats were randomized equally into sham operation group, myocardial IR model group, and SIK2 inhibitor group (in which the rats were treated with intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg bosutinib via the left femoral vein 24 h before modeling). Ultrasound was used to detect the cardiac function of the rats, and myocardial pathologies were observed with HE staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagy of myocardial cells, and Western blotting was performed to detect the contents of the autophagy-related proteins SIK2, LC3B, Beclin-1, p62 and the expressions of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ULK1, and ULK1 in myocardial tissue. RESULTS Myocardial IR injury significantly increased the number of autophagosomes (P < 0.05) and the expression of SIK2 protein (P < 0.01) in the myocardial tissues. Treatment with bosutinib before modeling obviously lowered the expression of SIK2 protein (P < 0.01), alleviated myocardial pathologies, and reduced the number of autophagosomes (P < 0.05) in the myocardial tissue. The rats with myocardial IR injury showed obviously lowered LVEF and FS values (P < 0.001), which were significantly improved by bosutinib treatment (P < 0.05); no significant difference was detected in IVSDd or LVPWDd among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Myocardial IR injury obviously increased the expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 proteins and lowered the expression of p62 protein (P < 0.01), and these changes were significantly rescued by bosutinib treatment (P < 0.05). The rat models of myocardial IR injury showed significantly increased expression of p-ULK1 (Ser757) (P < 0.01) and lowered expression of p-mTOR protein (P < 0.0001) in the myocardium, and these changes were obviously reversed by bosutinib (P < 0.01 or 0.05); there was no significant difference in mTOR and ULK1 expressions among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION SIK2 may promote autophagy through the mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting SIK2 can reduce abnormal autophagy and alleviate myocardial IR injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 秀秀 刘
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院超声科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 乐 许
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院超声科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 敬医 吴
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院重症医学科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 一帆 张
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 超 吴
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 霞 张
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院超声科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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11
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Sorrentino A, Menevse AN, Michels T, Volpin V, Durst FC, Sax J, Xydia M, Hussein A, Stamova S, Spoerl S, Heuschneider N, Muehlbauer J, Jeltsch KM, Rathinasamy A, Werner-Klein M, Breinig M, Mikietyn D, Kohler C, Poschke I, Purr S, Reidell O, Martins Freire C, Offringa R, Gebhard C, Spang R, Rehli M, Boutros M, Schmidl C, Khandelwal N, Beckhove P. Salt-inducible kinase 3 protects tumor cells from cytotoxic T-cell attack by promoting TNF-induced NF-κB activation. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004258. [PMID: 35606086 PMCID: PMC9174898 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapeutic strategies showed unprecedented results in the clinic. However, many patients do not respond to immuno-oncological treatments due to the occurrence of a plethora of immunological obstacles, including tumor intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic T-cell (TC) attack. Thus, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms is needed to develop successful immunotherapies. METHODS To identify novel genes that protect tumor cells from effective TC-mediated cytotoxicity, we performed a genetic screening in pancreatic cancer cells challenged with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and antigen-specific TCs. RESULTS The screening revealed 108 potential genes that protected tumor cells from TC attack. Among them, salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) was one of the strongest hits identified in the screening. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibitions of SIK3 in tumor cells dramatically increased TC-mediated cytotoxicity in several in vitro coculture models, using different sources of tumor and TCs. Consistently, adoptive TC transfer of TILs led to tumor growth inhibition of SIK3-depleted cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SIK3 rendered tumor cells susceptible to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by tumor-activated TCs. SIK3 promoted nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and inhibited caspase-8 and caspase-9 after TNF stimulation. Chromatin accessibility and transcriptome analyses showed that SIK3 knockdown profoundly impaired the expression of prosurvival genes under the TNF-NF-κB axis. TNF stimulation led to SIK3-dependent phosphorylation of the NF-κB upstream regulators inhibitory-κB kinase and NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha on the one side, and to inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 on the other side, thus sustaining NF-κB activation and nuclear stabilization. A SIK3-dependent gene signature of TNF-mediated NF-κB activation was found in a majority of pancreatic cancers where it correlated with increased cytotoxic TC activity and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our data reveal an abundant molecular mechanism that protects tumor cells from cytotoxic TC attack and demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sorrentino
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ayse Nur Menevse
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Michels
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Volpin
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Julian Sax
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Xydia
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abir Hussein
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Slava Stamova
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Heuschneider
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Muehlbauer
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Anchana Rathinasamy
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Werner-Klein
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Breinig
- Signalling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Mikietyn
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Purr
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivia Reidell
- Research Department, iOmx Therapeutics, Munich/Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Rienk Offringa
- Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Signalling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Junior Group 'Epigenetic Immunooncology', Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nisit Khandelwal
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Department, iOmx Therapeutics, Munich/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Bautista-Martínez JS, Mata-Marín JA, Sandoval-Ramírez JL, Chaparro-Sánchez A, Manjarrez-Téllez B, Uribe-Noguez LA, Gaytán-Martínez J, Núñez-Armendáriz M, Cruz-Sánchez A, Núñez-Rodríguez N, Iván MA, Morales-González GS, Álvarez-Mendoza JP, Pérez-Barragán E, Ríos-De Los Ríos J, Contreras-Chávez GG, Tapia-Magallanes DM, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Díaz-López M, Olivares-Labastida A, Gómez-Delgado A, Torres J, Miranda-Duarte A, Zenteno JC, Pompa-Mera EN. Contribution of APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ABCA1 and SIK3 genetic variants to hypertriglyceridemia development in Mexican HIV-patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:101-110. [PMID: 34693928 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and SIK3 genes in the development of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was developed. Leukocytic genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping for SNPs rs662799, rs964184, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117, rs3764261, rs4149310, rs4149267 and rs139961185 was performed by real time-PCR using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, in Mexican mestizo patients with HIV infection, with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.7 mmol/L) under antiretroviral therapy. Genetic variants were also investigated in a control group of normolipidemic HIV patients (≤ 1.7 mmol/L). Haplotypes and gene interactions were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 602 HIV patients were genotyped (316 cases and 286 controls). Age and antiretroviral regimen based on protease inhibitors were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0002. respectively). SNP rs964184 GG genotype in APOA5 gene exhibited the highest association with hypertriglyceridemia risk (OR, 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7-5.8, P = 0.0001); followed by SNP rs139961185 in SIK3 gene (OR = 2.3; (95% CI, 1.1-4.8; P = 0.03 for AA vs. AG genotype; and APOC3 rs5128 GG genotype, (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; P = 0.04) under codominant models. These associations were maintained in the adjusted analysis by age and protease inhibitors based antiretroviral regimens. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an association between rs964184 in APOA5; rs5128 in APOC3 and rs139961185 in SIK3 and high triglyceride concentrations in Mexican HIV-patients receiving protease inhibitors. These genetic factors may influence the adverse effects related to antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Saúl Bautista-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - José Antonio Mata-Marín
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Gaytán-Martínez
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | - Martínez-Abarca Iván
- Hospital General Regional 72, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS. Tlalnepantla, Estado de México
| | | | | | | | - Jussara Ríos-De Los Ríos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Gerson Gabriel Contreras-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Denisse Marielle Tapia-Magallanes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Rosa Maria Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Mónica Díaz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Azucena Olivares-Labastida
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Antonio Miranda-Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra"
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana"
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ericka Nelly Pompa-Mera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
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13
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Liu T, Li H, Conley YP, Primack BA, Wang J, Lo WJ, Li C. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Prediabetes Status Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881633. [PMID: 35769078 PMCID: PMC9234217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first genome-wide association study of prediabetes status change (to diabetes or normal glycaemia) among 900 White participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis was performed by logistic regression models, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and the first 3 genetic principal components. Gene-based analysis was conducted by combining SNP-based p values using effective Chi-square test method. Promising SNPs (p < 1×10-5) and genes (p < 1×10-4) were further evaluated for replication among 514 White participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). To accommodate familial correlations, generalized estimation equation models were applied for SNP-based analyses in the FHS. Analysis results across ARIC and FHS were combined using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis method for SNPs and Fisher's method for genes. We robustly identified 5 novel genes that are associated with prediabetes status change using gene-based analyses, including SGCZ (ARIC p = 9.93×10-6, FHS p = 2.00×10-3, Meta p = 3.72×10-7) at 8p22, HPSE2 (ARIC p = 8.26×10-19, FHS p = 5.85×10-3, Meta p < 8.26×10-19) at 10q24.2, ADGRA1 (ARIC p = 1.34×10-5, FHS p = 1.13×10-3, Meta p = 2.88×10-7) at 10q26.3, GLB1L3 (ARIC p = 3.71×10-6, FHS p = 4.51×10-3, Meta p = 3.16×10-7) at 11q25, and PCSK6 (ARIC p = 6.51×10-6, FHS p = 1.10×10-2, Meta p = 1.25×10-6) at 15q26.3. eQTL analysis indicated that these genes were highly expressed in tissues related to diabetes development. However, we were not able to identify any novel locus in single SNP-based analysis. Future large scale genomic studies of prediabetes status change are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Hongjin Li
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A. Primack
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Changwei Li,
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14
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Cai Y, Wang XL, Lu J, Lin X, Dong J, Guzman RJ. Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Arterial Restenosis by Regulating AKT and PKA-CREB Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2431-2451. [PMID: 34196217 PMCID: PMC8411910 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Arterial restenosis is the pathological narrowing of arteries after endovascular procedures, and it is an adverse event that causes patients to experience recurrent occlusive symptoms. Following angioplasty, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) change their phenotype, migrate, and proliferate, resulting in neointima formation, a hallmark of arterial restenosis. SIKs (salt-inducible kinases) are a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase family that play a critical role in metabolic diseases including hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Their role in vascular pathological remodeling, however, has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to understand the role and regulation of SIK3 in vascular SMC migration, proliferation, and neointima formation. Approach and Results We observed that SIK3 expression was low in contractile aortic SMCs but high in proliferating SMCs. It was also highly induced by growth medium in vitro and in neointimal lesions in vivo. Inactivation of SIKs significantly attenuated vascular SMC proliferation and up-regulated p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. SIK inhibition also suppressed SMC migration and modulated actin polymerization. Importantly, we found that inhibition of SIKs reduced neointima formation and vascular inflammation in a femoral artery wire injury model. In mechanistic studies, we demonstrated that inactivation of SIKs mainly suppressed SMC proliferation by down-regulating AKT (protein kinase B) and PKA (protein kinase A)-CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) signaling. CRTC3 (CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3) signaling likely contributed to SIK inactivation-mediated antiproliferative effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that SIK3 may play a critical role in regulating SMC proliferation, migration, and arterial restenosis. This study provides insights into SIK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating restenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction, Pathologic
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Femoral Artery/enzymology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/enzymology
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cai
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jinny Lu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xin Lin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jonathan Dong
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Raul J Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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15
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Zhang R, Liu Y, Zhang C, Ma M, Li S, Hong Y. Salt-inducible kinase 2 regulates energy metabolism in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:352-360. [PMID: 34402252 PMCID: PMC8710268 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) on energy metabolism in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Adult SD male rats were divided into 5 groups: sham group, ischemia group, reperfusion group, adenovirus no-load group, and SIK2 overexpression group with 5 animals in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced with the modified Zea-Longa line thrombus method to establish the cerebral ischemia reperfusion model. Eight days before the MCAO, SIK2 overexpression was induced by injecting 7 μL adenovirus in the right ventricle, then MCAO was performed for followed by reperfusion HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue in rats; TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarct. The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rat brain tissue were detected by ELISA; the levels of SIK2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in the rat brain tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, SIK2 level was decreased in the ischemia group, and it was further declined in the reperfusion group (<0.05). Compared with the sham group and ischemic group, the pathological injury in reperfusion group were more severe, and the infarct size was larger; compared with the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group, the pathological injury of the SIK2 overexpression group was milder, and the infarct size is less. Compared with the sharn group, HIF-1α was increased in both ischemia group and reperfusion group, especially in ischemia group (all <0.05); HIF-1α level in the SIK2 overexpression group was higher than that in the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group (all <0.05). ATP level in ischemia group and reperfusion group was lower than that in the sham group, and the reperfusion group decreased more significantly than the ischemia group (<0.05); ADP content was increased in the ischemia and reperfusion group, and the ADP content in reperfusion group was significantly higher than that in the ischemia group (<0.05). ATP level in the SIK2 overexpression group was higher than that in the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group (all <0.05), and ADP was decreased in the SIK2 overexpression group (all <0.05). SIK2 can up-regulate the ATP level and down-regulate the ADP level in rat brain tissue and alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by increase the level of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
| | - Yun Liu
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
| | - Cui Zhang
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
| | - Mengyao Ma
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
| | - Shu Li
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
| | - Yun Hong
- Clinical Colloge of Wannan Medical College
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Gallenga CE, Lonardi M, Pacetti S, Violanti SS, Tassinari P, Di Virgilio F, Tognon M, Perri P. Molecular Mechanisms Related to Oxidative Stress in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060848. [PMID: 34073310 PMCID: PMC8229325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinopathy. Nevertheless, non-genetic biological factors play a central role in its pathogenesis and progression, including inflammation, autophagy and oxidative stress. The retina is particularly affected by oxidative stress due to its high metabolic rate and oxygen consumption as well as photosensitizer molecules inside the photoreceptors being constantly subjected to light/oxidative stress, which induces accumulation of ROS in RPE, caused by damaged photoreceptor’s daily recycling. Oxidative DNA damage is a key regulator of microglial activation and photoreceptor degeneration in RP, as well as mutations in endogenous antioxidant pathways involved in DNA repair, oxidative stress protection and activation of antioxidant enzymes (MUTYH, CERKL and GLO1 genes, respectively). Moreover, exposure to oxidative stress alters the expression of micro-RNA (miRNAs) and of long non-codingRNA (lncRNAs), which might be implicated in RP etiopathogenesis and progression, modifying gene expression and cellular response to oxidative stress. The upregulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) also seems to be involved, causing pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS release by macrophages and microglia, contributing to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative progression in RP. The multiple pathways analysed demonstrate that oxidative microglial activation may trigger the vicious cycle of non-resolved neuroinflammation and degeneration, suggesting that microglia may be a key therapy target of oxidative stress in RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.E.G.); (F.D.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Lonardi
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, Sant’Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.L.); (S.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Sofia Pacetti
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, Sant’Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.L.); (S.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Sara Silvia Violanti
- Department of Head and Neck, Section of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Tassinari
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, Sant’Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.L.); (S.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.E.G.); (F.D.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.E.G.); (F.D.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Paolo Perri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Nuts and bolts of the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs). Biochem J 2021; 478:1377-1397. [PMID: 33861845 PMCID: PMC8057676 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases, SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, most closely resemble the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other AMPK-related kinases, and like these family members they require phosphorylation by LKB1 to be catalytically active. However, unlike other AMPK-related kinases they are phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which promotes their binding to 14-3-3 proteins and inactivation. The most well-established substrates of the SIKs are the CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators (CRTCs), and the Class 2a histone deacetylases (HDAC4/5/7/9). Phosphorylation by SIKs promotes the translocation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs to the cytoplasm and their binding to 14-3-3s, preventing them from regulating their nuclear binding partners, the transcription factors CREB and MEF2. This process is reversed by PKA-dependent inactivation of the SIKs leading to dephosphorylation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs and their re-entry into the nucleus. Through the reversible regulation of these substrates and others that have not yet been identified, the SIKs regulate many physiological processes ranging from innate immunity, circadian rhythms and bone formation, to skin pigmentation and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the SIKs and the evidence underpinning these findings, and discusses the therapeutic potential of SIK inhibitors for the treatment of disease.
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Induction of Mutant Sik3Sleepy Allele in Neurons in Late Infancy Increases Sleep Need. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2733-2746. [PMID: 33558433 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1004-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated in a homeostatic manner. Sleep deprivation increases sleep need, which is compensated mainly by increased EEG δ power during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and, to a lesser extent, by increased sleep amount. Although genetic factors determine the constitutive level of sleep need and sleep amount in mice and humans, the molecular entity behind sleep need remains unknown. Recently, we found that a gain-of-function Sleepy (Slp) mutation in the salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3) gene, which produces the mutant SIK3(SLP) protein, leads to an increase in NREMS EEG δ power and sleep amount. Since Sik3Slp mice express SIK3(SLP) in various types of cells in the brain as well as multiple peripheral tissues from the embryonic stage, the cell type and developmental stage responsible for the sleep phenotype in Sik3Slp mice remain to be elucidated. Here, we generated two mouse lines, synapsin1CreERT2 and Sik3ex13flox mice, which enable inducible Cre-mediated, conditional expression of SIK3(SLP) in neurons on tamoxifen administration. Administration of tamoxifen to synapsin1CreERT2 mice during late infancy resulted in higher recombination efficiency than administration during adolescence. SIK3(SLP) expression after late infancy increased NREMS and NREMS δ power in male synapsin1CreERT2; Sik3 ex13flox/+ mice. The expression of SIK3(SLP) after adolescence led to a higher NREMS δ power without a significant change in NREMS amounts. Thus, neuron-specific expression of SIK3(SLP) after late infancy is sufficient to increase sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The propensity to accumulate sleep need during wakefulness and to dissipate it during sleep underlies the homeostatic regulation of sleep. However, little is known about the developmental stage and cell types involved in determining the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Here, we show that Sik3Slp allele induction in mature neurons in late infancy is sufficient to increase non-rapid eye movement sleep amount and non-rapid eye movement sleep δ power. SIK3 signaling in neurons constitutes an intracellular mechanism to increase sleep.
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19
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Sun Z, Jiang Q, Li J, Guo J. The potent roles of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) in metabolic homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:150. [PMID: 32788639 PMCID: PMC7423983 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) belong to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, and functions mainly involve in regulating energy response-related physiological processes, such as gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, compared with another well-established energy-response kinase AMPK, SIK roles in human diseases, especially in diabetes and tumorigenesis, are rarely investigated. Recently, the pilot roles of SIKs in tumorigenesis have begun to attract more attention due to the finding that the tumor suppressor role of LKB1 in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is unexpectedly mediated by the SIK but not AMPK kinases. Thus, here we tend to comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for SIKs, and shed light on SIKs as the potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Sun
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
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20
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Ponnusamy L, Kothandan G, Manoharan R. Berberine and Emodin abrogates breast cancer growth and facilitates apoptosis through inactivation of SIK3-induced mTOR and Akt signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165897. [PMID: 32682817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases 3 (SIK3) belong to the AMPK-related family of kinases, which have been implicated in the regulation of cell metabolism, cell polarity remodelling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Elevated SIK3 expressions in breast cancer cells are shown to contribute to tumorigenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that SIK3 expression is upregulated and concurrently high expression of SIK3 is associated with poor survival in breast cancer. Specifically, SIK3 knockdown revealed that SIK3 is required for the mTOR/Akt signaling pathway and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings showed that Emodin (EMO) combined with Berberine (BBR) significantly inhibited SIK3 activity, leading to reduced cell growth, increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells, but not in non-malignant breast epithelial cell line. Mechanistic studies further reveal that EMO and BBR in combined treatment inhibited SIK3-potentiated mTOR-mediated aerobic glycolysis and cell growth in breast cancer cells. Moreover, combination treatments attenuate Akt signaling, thereby inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of breast cancer cells in a SIK3-dependent manner. CRISPR/Cas9 or siRNA-mediated SIK3 knockout/knockdown showed an opposite trend in both the luminal and basal-like breast cancer. Collectively, our findings reveal that combination of EMO and BBR attenuates SIK3-driven tumor growth in breast cancer, and thus, EMO and BBR might be a novel SIK3 inhibitor explored into the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Ponnusamy
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Gugan Kothandan
- Biopolymer Modelling Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ravi Manoharan
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
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21
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Armouti M, Winston N, Hatano O, Hobeika E, Hirshfeld-Cytron J, Liebermann J, Takemori H, Stocco C. Salt-inducible Kinases Are Critical Determinants of Female Fertility. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5826400. [PMID: 32343771 PMCID: PMC7286620 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Follicle development is the most crucial step toward female fertility and is controlled mainly by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), FSH activates protein kinase A by increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Since cAMP signaling is impinged in part by salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), we examined the role of SIKs on the regulation of FSH actions. Here, we report that SIKs are essential for normal ovarian function and female fertility. All SIK isoforms are expressed in human and rodent GCs at different levels (SIK3>SIK2>SIK1). Pharmacological inhibition of SIK activity potentiated the stimulatory effect of FSH on markers of GC differentiation in mouse, rat, and human GCs and estradiol production in rat GCs. In humans, SIK inhibition strongly enhanced FSH actions in GCs of patients with normal or abnormal ovarian function. The knockdown of SIK2, but not SIK1 or SIK3, synergized with FSH on the induction of markers of GC differentiation. SIK inhibition boosted gonadotropin-induced GC differentiation in vivo, while the genomic knockout of SIK2 led to a significant increase in the number of ovulated oocytes. Conversely, SIK3 knockout females were infertile, FSH insensitive, and had abnormal folliculogenesis. These findings reveal novel roles for SIKs in the regulation of GC differentiation and female fertility, and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms regulated by FSH. Furthermore, these data suggest that specific pharmacological modulation of SIK2 activity could be of benefit to treat ovulatory defects in humans and to increase the propagation of endangered species and farm mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marah Armouti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicola Winston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine. Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osamu Hatano
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Elie Hobeika
- Fertility Centers of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine. Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence: Carlos Stocco, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail:
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22
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Activation of SIK1 by phanginin A inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by increasing PDE4 activity and suppressing the cAMP signaling pathway. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101045. [PMID: 32599076 PMCID: PMC7381706 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Salt-induced kinase 1 (SIK1) acts as a key modulator in many physiological processes. However, the effects of SIK1 on gluconeogenesis and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that a natural compound phanginin A could activate SIK1 and further inhibit gluconeogenesis. The mechanisms by which phanginin A activates SIK1 and inhibits gluconeogenesis were explored in primary mouse hepatocytes, and the effects of phanginin A on glucose homeostasis were investigated in ob/ob mice. Methods The effects of phanginin A on gluconeogenesis and SIK1 phosphorylation were examined in primary mouse hepatocytes. Pan-SIK inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to elucidate the involvement of SIK1 activation in phanginin A-reduced gluconeogenesis. LKB1 knockdown was used to explore how phanginin A activated SIK1. SIK1 overexpression was used to evaluate its effect on gluconeogenesis, PDE4 activity, and the cAMP pathway. The acute and chronic effects of phanginin A on metabolic abnormalities were observed in ob/ob mice. Results Phanginin A significantly increased SIK1 phosphorylation through LKB1 and further suppressed gluconeogenesis by increasing PDE4 activity and inhibiting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in primary mouse hepatocytes, and this effect was blocked by pan-SIK inhibitor HG-9-91-01 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIK1. Overexpression of SIK1 in hepatocytes increased PDE4 activity, reduced cAMP accumulation, and thereby inhibited gluconeogenesis. Acute treatment with phanginin A reduced gluconeogenesis in vivo, accompanied by increased SIK1 phosphorylation and PDE4 activity in the liver. Long-term treatment of phanginin A profoundly reduced blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia in ob/ob mice. Conclusion We discovered an unrecognized effect of phanginin A in suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis and revealed a novel mechanism that activation of SIK1 by phanginin A could inhibit gluconeogenesis by increasing PDE4 activity and suppressing the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in the liver. We also highlighted the potential value of phanginin A as a lead compound for treating type 2 diabetes. Phanginin A inhibits gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes. Phanginin A increases hepatic SIK1 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of SIK1 increases PDE4 activity and suppresses the cAMP signaling pathway. Activation of SIK1 inhibits gluconeogenesis by regulating the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Phanginin A improves metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice.
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Salt inducible kinases as novel Notch interactors in the developing Drosophila retina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234744. [PMID: 32542037 PMCID: PMC7295197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental processes require strict regulation of proliferation, differentiation and patterning for the generation of final organ size. Aberrations in these fundamental events are critically important in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Salt inducible kinases (Siks) are evolutionarily conserved genes involved in diverse biological processes, including salt sensing, metabolism, muscle, cartilage and bone formation, but their role in development remains largely unknown. Recent findings implicate Siks in mitotic control, and in both tumor suppression and progression. Using a tumor model in the Drosophila eye, we show that perturbation of Sik function exacerbates tumor-like tissue overgrowth and metastasis. Furthermore, we show that both Drosophila Sik genes, Sik2 and Sik3, function in eye development processes. We propose that an important target of Siks may be the Notch signaling pathway, as we demonstrate genetic interaction between Siks and Notch pathway members. Finally, we investigate Sik expression in the developing retina and show that Sik2 is expressed in all photoreceptors, basal to cell junctions, while Sik3 appears to be expressed specifically in R3/R4 cells in the developing eye. Combined, our data suggest that Sik genes are important for eye tissue specification and growth, and that their dysregulation may contribute to tumor formation.
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Park M, Miyoshi C, Fujiyama T, Kakizaki M, Ikkyu A, Honda T, Choi J, Asano F, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Yanagisawa M, Funato H. Loss of the conserved PKA sites of SIK1 and SIK2 increases sleep need. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8676. [PMID: 32457359 PMCID: PMC7250853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sleep is one of the most conserved behaviors, the intracellular mechanism regulating sleep/wakefulness remains unknown. We recently identified a protein kinase, SIK3, as a sleep-regulating molecule. Mice that lack a well-conserved protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site, S551, showed longer non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and increased NREMS delta density. S551 of SIK3 is conserved in other members of the SIK family, such as SIK1 (S577) and SIK2 (S587). Here, we examined whether the PKA phosphorylation sites of SIK1 and SIK2 are involved in sleep regulation by generating Sik1S577A and Sik2S587A mice. The homozygous Sik1S577A mice showed a shorter wake time, longer NREMS time, and higher NREMS delta density than the wild-type mice. The heterozygous and homozygous Sik2S587A mice showed increased NREMS delta density. Both the Sik1S577A and Sik2S587A mice exhibited proper homeostatic regulation of sleep need after sleep deprivation. Despite abundant expression of Sik1 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the Sik1S577A mice showed normal circadian behavior. Although Sik2 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, the male and female Sik2S587A mice that were fed either a chow or high-fat diet showed similar weight gain as the wild-type littermates. These results suggest that PKA-SIK signaling is involved in the regulation of sleep need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miyo Kakizaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aya Ikkyu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takato Honda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jinhwan Choi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Asano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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25
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Nicocia G, Rinaldi C, Sidoti A, D’Angelo R. Discovery of GLO1 New Related Genes and Pathways by RNA-Seq on A2E-Stressed Retinal Epithelial Cells Could Improve Knowledge on Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E416. [PMID: 32413970 PMCID: PMC7278727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous antioxidants protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related deleterious effects, and an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant systems generates oxidative stress. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme involved in detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis whose excess can produce oxidative stress. In retinitis pigmentosa, one of the most diffuse cause of blindness, oxidative damage leads to photoreceptor death. To clarify the role of GLO1 in retinitis pigmentosa onset and progression, we treated human retinal pigment epithelium cells by the oxidant agent A2E. Transcriptome profiles between treated and untreated cells were performed by RNA-Seq, considering two time points (3 and 6 h), after the basal one. The exposure to A2E highlighted significant expression differences and splicing events in 370 GLO1 first-neighbor genes, and 23 of them emerged from pathway clustered analysis as main candidates to be associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Such a hypothesis was corroborated by the involvement of previously analyzed genes in specific cellular activities related to oxidative stress, such as glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycolysis, axo-dendritic transport, lipoprotein activity and metabolism, SUMOylation and retrograde transport at the trans-Golgi network. Our findings could be the starting point to explore unclear molecular mechanisms involved in retinitis pigmentosa etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nicocia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
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26
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Grubbs JJ, Lopes LE, van der Linden AM, Raizen DM. A salt-induced kinase is required for the metabolic regulation of sleep. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000220. [PMID: 32315298 PMCID: PMC7173979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence point to links between sleep regulation and energy homeostasis, but mechanisms underlying these connections are unknown. During Caenorhabditis elegans sleep, energetic stores are allocated to nonneural tasks with a resultant drop in the overall fat stores and energy charge. Mutants lacking KIN-29, the C. elegans homolog of a mammalian Salt-Inducible Kinase (SIK) that signals sleep pressure, have low ATP levels despite high-fat stores, indicating a defective response to cellular energy deficits. Liberating energy stores corrects adiposity and sleep defects of kin-29 mutants. kin-29 sleep and energy homeostasis roles map to a set of sensory neurons that act upstream of fat regulation as well as of central sleep-controlling neurons, suggesting hierarchical somatic/neural interactions regulating sleep and energy homeostasis. Genetic interaction between kin-29 and the histone deacetylase hda-4 coupled with subcellular localization studies indicate that KIN-29 acts in the nucleus to regulate sleep. We propose that KIN-29/SIK acts in nuclei of sensory neuroendocrine cells to transduce low cellular energy charge into the mobilization of energy stores, which in turn promotes sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Grubbs
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Lopes
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - David M. Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Yin H, Guo J, Ding E, Zhang H, Han L, Zhu B. Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Haplotypes Associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Chinese Workers. Audiol Neurootol 2020; 25:200-208. [PMID: 32126566 DOI: 10.1159/000506066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common occupational disease that represents an irreversible hearing damage to the auditory system. It has been identified as a complicated disease involving both environmental and genetic factors. More efforts need to be made to explore the genes associated with susceptibility to NIHL. The main aim of this research is to detect the associations between SIK3 polymorphisms and NIHL susceptibility in Han people in China. METHODS A case-control study was performed in 586 cases and 639 controls in a textile factory matched for sex, age, smoking, drinking, work time with noise, and intensity of noise exposure. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs493134, rs6589574, and rs7121898) of SIK3 were genotyped in the participants. Then, the main influences of the SNPs on and their interactions with NIHL were assessed. RESULTS Under the allelic model, distributions of rs493134 T, rs6589574 G, and rs7121898 A in the NIHL group are statistically different from those of the normal group (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.019, respectively). The following haplotype analysis shows that TAA (rs493134-rs6589574-rs7121898) may have a protective effect, while TGA (rs493134-rs6589574-rs7121898) (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.25-1.79) may be a risk factor for NIHL. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis shows that the interaction of the 3 selected SNPs is associated with NIHL susceptibility (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.50-2.36). CONCLUSION The results suggest that 3 SNPs (rs493134, rs6589574, and rs7121898) of SIK3 may be an important part of NIHL susceptibility and can be applied in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of NIHL in noise-exposed Chinese workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yin
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiadi Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enmin Ding
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, .,Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China,
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28
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The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008544. [PMID: 31978080 PMCID: PMC7001991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of the small and isolated Greenlandic population is advantageous for identification of novel genetic variants associated with cardio-metabolic traits. We aimed to identify genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI), to expand the knowledge of the genetic and biological mechanisms underlying obesity. Stage 1 BMI-association analyses were performed in 4,626 Greenlanders. Stage 2 replication and meta-analysis were performed in additional cohorts comprising 1,058 Yup'ik Alaska Native people, and 1,529 Greenlanders. Obesity-related traits were assessed in the stage 1 study population. We identified a common variant on chromosome 11, rs4936356, where the derived G-allele had a frequency of 24% in the stage 1 study population. The derived allele was genome-wide significantly associated with lower BMI (beta (SE), -0.14 SD (0.03), p = 3.2x10-8), corresponding to 0.64 kg/m2 lower BMI per G allele in the stage 1 study population. We observed a similar effect in the Yup'ik cohort (-0.09 SD, p = 0.038), and a non-significant effect in the same direction in the independent Greenlandic stage 2 cohort (-0.03 SD, p = 0.514). The association remained genome-wide significant in meta-analysis of the Arctic cohorts (-0.10 SD (0.02), p = 4.7x10-8). Moreover, the variant was associated with a leaner body type (weight, -1.68 (0.37) kg; waist circumference, -1.52 (0.33) cm; hip circumference, -0.85 (0.24) cm; lean mass, -0.84 (0.19) kg; fat mass and percent, -1.66 (0.33) kg and -1.39 (0.27) %; visceral adipose tissue, -0.30 (0.07) cm; subcutaneous adipose tissue, -0.16 (0.05) cm, all p<0.0002), lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, -0.12 (0.04), p = 0.00021), and favorable lipid levels (triglyceride, -0.05 (0.02) mmol/l, p = 0.025; HDL-cholesterol, 0.04 (0.01) mmol/l, p = 0.0015). In conclusion, we identified a novel variant, where the derived G-allele possibly associated with lower BMI in Arctic populations, and as a consequence also leaner body type, lower insulin resistance, and a favorable lipid profile.
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Jin HY, Tudor Y, Choi K, Shao Z, Sparling BA, McGivern JG, Symons A. High-Throughput Implementation of the NanoBRET Target Engagement Intracellular Kinase Assay to Reveal Differential Compound Engagement by SIK2/3 Isoforms. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:215-222. [PMID: 31849250 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219893277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The real-time quantification of target engagement (TE) by small-molecule ligands in living cells remains technically challenging. Systematic quantification of such interactions in a high-throughput setting holds promise for identification of target-specific, potent small molecules within a pathophysiological and biologically relevant cellular context. The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) belong to a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family and are composed of three isoforms in humans (SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3). They modulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Although pan-SIK inhibitors are sufficient to reverse SIK-dependent inflammatory responses, the apparent toxicity associated with SIK3 inhibition suggests that isoform-specific inhibition is required to realize therapeutic benefit with acceptable safety margins. Here, we used the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay, a sensitive energy transfer technique, to directly measure molecular proximity and quantify TE in HEK293T cells overexpressing SIK2 or SIK3. Our 384-well high-throughput screening of 530 compounds demonstrates that the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay was sensitive and robust enough to reveal differential engagement of candidate compounds with the two SIK isoforms and further highlights the feasibility of high-throughput implementation of NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assays for target-driven small-molecule screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Tudor
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaylee Choi
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Shao
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Sparling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G McGivern
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antony Symons
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,23andMe Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Li W, Gelsinger S, Edwards A, Riehle C, Koch D. Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18967. [PMID: 31831817 PMCID: PMC6908691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted P ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response (P < 0.01), pyruvate metabolic process (P < 0.01) and proton-acceptors (P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver's response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Sonia Gelsinger
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrea Edwards
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christina Riehle
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Koch
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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31
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Li H, Russo A, DiAntonio A. SIK3 suppresses neuronal hyperexcitability by regulating the glial capacity to buffer K + and water. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4017-4029. [PMID: 31645458 PMCID: PMC6891094 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial regulation of extracellular potassium (K+) helps to maintain appropriate levels of neuronal excitability. While channels and transporters mediating K+ and water transport are known, little is understood about upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling the glial capacity to buffer K+ and osmotically obliged water. Here we identify salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) as the central node in a signal transduction pathway controlling glial K+ and water homeostasis in Drosophila Loss of SIK3 leads to dramatic extracellular fluid accumulation in nerves, neuronal hyperexcitability, and seizures. SIK3-dependent phenotypes are exacerbated by K+ stress. SIK3 promotes the cytosolic localization of HDAC4, thereby relieving inhibition of Mef2-dependent transcription of K+ and water transport molecules. This transcriptional program controls the glial capacity to regulate K+ and water homeostasis and modulate neuronal excitability. We identify HDAC4 as a candidate therapeutic target in this pathway, whose inhibition can enhance the K+ buffering capacity of glia, which may be useful in diseases of dysregulated K+ homeostasis and hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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32
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Kosai A, Horike N, Takei Y, Yamashita A, Fujita K, Kamatani T, Tsumaki N. Changes in acetyl-CoA mediate Sik3-induced maturation of chondrocytes in endochondral bone formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:1097-1102. [PMID: 31280862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The maturation of chondrocytes is strictly regulated for proper endochondral bone formation. Although recent studies have revealed that intracellular metabolic processes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells, little is known about how changes in metabolite levels regulate chondrocyte maturation. To identify the metabolites which regulate chondrocyte maturation, we performed a metabolome analysis on chondrocytes of Sik3 knockout mice, in which chondrocyte maturation is delayed. Among the metabolites, acetyl-CoA was decreased in this model. Immunohistochemical analysis of the Sik3 knockout chondrocytes indicated that the expression levels of phospho-pyruvate dehydrogenase (phospho-Pdh), an inactivated form of Pdh, which is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and of Pdh kinase 4 (Pdk4), which phosphorylates Pdh, were increased. Inhibition of Pdh by treatment with CPI613 delayed chondrocyte maturation in metatarsal primordial cartilage in organ culture. These results collectively suggest that decreasing the acetyl-CoA level is a cause and not result of the delayed chondrocyte maturation. Sik3 appears to increase the acetyl-CoA level by decreasing the expression level of Pdk4. Blocking ATP synthesis in the TCA cycle by treatment with rotenone also delayed chondrocyte maturation in metatarsal primordial cartilage in organ culture, suggesting the possibility that depriving acetyl-CoA as a substrate for the TCA cycle is responsible for the delayed maturation. Our finding of acetyl-CoA as a regulator of chondrocyte maturation could contribute to understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling endochondral bone formation by metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuma Kosai
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Nanao Horike
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takei
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamashita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
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33
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Bringmann H. Genetic sleep deprivation: using sleep mutants to study sleep functions. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846807. [PMID: 30804011 PMCID: PMC6399599 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental conserved physiological state in animals and humans. It may serve multiple functions, ranging from energy conservation to higher brain operation. Understanding sleep functions and the underlying mechanisms requires the study of sleeplessness and its consequences. The traditional approach to remove sleep is sleep deprivation (SD) by sensory stimulation. However, stimulation-induced SD can be stressful and can cause non-specific side effects. An emerging alternative method is "genetic SD", which removes sleep using genetics or optogenetics. Sleep requires sleep-active neurons and their regulators. Thus, genetic impairment of sleep circuits might lead to more specific and comprehensive sleep loss. Here, I discuss the advantages and limits of genetic SD in key genetic sleep model animals: rodents, zebrafish, fruit flies and roundworms, and how the study of genetic SD alters our view of sleep functions. Genetic SD typically causes less severe phenotypes compared with stimulation-induced SD, suggesting that sensory stimulation-induced SD may have overestimated the role of sleep, calling for a re-investigation of sleep functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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34
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Ma X, Zhang L, Song J, Nguyen E, Lee RS, Rodgers SJ, Li F, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Chan H, Chheang C, Wu J, Brown KK, Mitchell CA, Simpson KJ, Daly RJ. Characterization of the Src-regulated kinome identifies SGK1 as a key mediator of Src-induced transformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 30655532 PMCID: PMC6336867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress, our understanding of how specific oncogenes transform cells is still limited and likely underestimates the complexity of downstream signalling events. To address this gap, we use mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics to characterize the global impact of an oncogene on the expressed kinome, and then functionally annotate the regulated kinases. As an example, we identify 63 protein kinases exhibiting altered expression and/or phosphorylation in Src-transformed mammary epithelial cells. An integrated siRNA screen identifies nine kinases, including SGK1, as being essential for Src-induced transformation. Accordingly, we find that Src positively regulates SGK1 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells, which exhibit a prominent signalling network governed by Src family kinases. Furthermore, combined inhibition of Src and SGK1 reduces colony formation and xenograft growth more effectively than either treatment alone. Therefore, this approach not only provides mechanistic insights into oncogenic transformation but also aids the design of improved therapeutic strategies. The systemic understanding of oncogenic kinase signalling is still limited. Here, the authors combine chemical proteomics with functional screens to assess the impact of oncogenic Src on the expressed kinome and identify SGK1 as a critical mediator of Src-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuquan Ma
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luxi Zhang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel S Lee
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel J Rodgers
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fuyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Howard Chan
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Therapeutics Program and Cancer Metabolism Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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35
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Berdeaux R, Hutchins C. Anabolic and Pro-metabolic Functions of CREB-CRTC in Skeletal Muscle: Advantages and Obstacles for Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer Cachexia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 31428057 PMCID: PMC6688074 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is one of the earliest described mediators of hormone action in response to physiologic stress that allows acute stress responses and adaptation in every tissue. The classic role of cAMP signaling in metabolic tissues is to regulate nutrient partitioning. In response to acute stress, such as epinephrine released during strenuous exercise or fasting, intramuscular cAMP liberates glucose from glycogen and fatty acids from triglycerides. In the long-term, activation of Gs-coupled GPCRs stimulates muscle growth (hypertrophy) and metabolic adaptation through multiple pathways that culminate in a net increase of protein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and improved metabolic efficiency. This review focuses on regulation, function, and transcriptional targets of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) and CRTCs (CREB regulated transcriptional coactivators) in skeletal muscle and the potential for targeting this pathway to sustain muscle mass and metabolic function in type 2 diabetes and cancer. Although the muscle-autonomous roles of these proteins might render them excellent targets for both conditions, pharmacologic targeting must be approached with caution. Gain of CREB-CRTC function is associated with excess liver glucose output in type 2 diabetes, and growing evidence implicates CREB-CRTC activation in proliferation and invasion of different types of cancer cells. We conclude that deeper investigation to identify skeletal muscle specific regulatory mechanisms that govern CREB-CRTC transcriptional activity is needed to safely take advantage of their potent effects to invigorate skeletal muscle to potentially improve health in people with type 2 diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The MD Anderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Berdeaux
| | - Chase Hutchins
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Sakamoto K, Bultot L, Göransson O. The Salt-Inducible Kinases: Emerging Metabolic Regulators. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:827-840. [PMID: 30385008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) as an upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) led to the identification of several related kinases that also rely on LKB1 for their catalytic activity. Among these, the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) have emerged as key regulators of metabolism. Unlike AMPK, SIKs do not respond to nucleotides, but their function is regulated by extracellular signals, such as hormones, through complex LKB1-independent mechanisms. While AMPK acts on multiple targets, including metabolic enzymes, to maintain cellular ATP levels, SIKs primarily regulate gene expression, by acting on transcriptional regulators, such as the cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivators and class IIa histone deacetylases. This review describes the development of research on SIKs, from their discovery to the most recent findings on metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Current address: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Tarumoto Y, Lu B, Somerville TDD, Huang YH, Milazzo JP, Wu XS, Klingbeil O, El Demerdash O, Shi J, Vakoc CR. LKB1, Salt-Inducible Kinases, and MEF2C Are Linked Dependencies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29526696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lineage-specific transcription factor (TF) MEF2C is often deregulated in leukemia. However, strategies to target this TF have yet to be identified. Here, we used a domain-focused CRISPR screen to reveal an essential role for LKB1 and its Salt-Inducible Kinase effectors (SIK3, in a partially redundant manner with SIK2) to maintain MEF2C function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key phosphorylation substrate of SIK3 in this context is HDAC4, a repressive cofactor of MEF2C. Consequently, targeting of LKB1 or SIK3 diminishes histone acetylation at MEF2C-bound enhancers and deprives leukemia cells of the output of this essential TF. We also found that MEF2C-dependent leukemias are sensitive to on-target chemical inhibition of SIK activity. This study reveals a chemical strategy to block MEF2C function in AML, highlighting how an oncogenic TF can be disabled by targeting of upstream kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tarumoto
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Yu-Han Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Joseph P Milazzo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Genetics Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gao WW, Tang HMV, Cheng Y, Chan CP, Chan CP, Jin DY. Suppression of gluconeogenic gene transcription by SIK1-induced ubiquitination and degradation of CRTC1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:211-223. [PMID: 29408765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRTCs are a group of three transcriptional coactivators required for CREB-dependent transcription. CREB and CRTCs are critically involved in the regulation of various biological processes such as cell proliferation, metabolism, learning and memory. However, whether CRTC1 efficiently induces gluconeogenic gene expression and how CRTC1 is regulated by upstream kinase SIK1 remain to be understood. In this work, we demonstrated SIK1-induced phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation of CRTC1 in the context of the regulation of gluconeogenesis. CRTC1 protein was destabilized by SIK1 but not SIK2 or SIK3. This effect was likely mediated by phosphorylation at S155, S167, S188 and S346 residues of CRTC1 followed by K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Expression of gluconeogenic genes such as that coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was stimulated by CRTC1, but suppressed by SIK1. Depletion of CRTC1 protein also blocked forskolin-induced gluconeogenic gene expression, knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition of SIK1 had the opposite effect. Finally, SIK1-induced ubiquitination of CRTC1 was mediated by RFWD2 ubiquitin ligase at a site not equivalent to K628 in CRTC2. Taken together, our work reveals a regulatory circuit in which SIK1 suppresses gluconeogenic gene transcription by inducing ubiquitination and degradation of CRTC1. Our findings have implications in the development of new antihyperglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hei-Man Vincent Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Hayasaka N, Hirano A, Miyoshi Y, Tokuda IT, Yoshitane H, Matsuda J, Fukada Y. Salt-inducible kinase 3 regulates the mammalian circadian clock by destabilizing PER2 protein. eLife 2017; 6:24779. [PMID: 29227248 PMCID: PMC5747517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) plays a crucial role in various aspects of metabolism. In the course of investigating metabolic defects in Sik3-deficient mice (Sik3-/-), we observed that circadian rhythmicity of the metabolisms was phase-delayed. Sik3-/- mice also exhibited other circadian abnormalities, including lengthening of the period, impaired entrainment to the light-dark cycle, phase variation in locomotor activities, and aberrant physiological rhythms. Ex vivo suprachiasmatic nucleus slices from Sik3-/- mice exhibited destabilized and desynchronized molecular rhythms among individual neurons. In cultured cells, Sik3-knockdown resulted in abnormal bioluminescence rhythms. Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3-knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3-overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. This was further confirmed by PER2 accumulation in the Sik3-/- fibroblasts and liver. Collectively, SIK3 plays key roles in circadian rhythms by facilitating phosphorylation-dependent PER2 destabilization, either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hayasaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Miyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao T Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Matsuda
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Satoh S, Mori K, Onomura D, Ueda Y, Dansako H, Honda M, Kaneko S, Ikeda M, Kato N. Ribavirin suppresses hepatic lipogenesis through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition: Involvement of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinases and retinoid X receptor α. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:550-563. [PMID: 29404478 PMCID: PMC5678905 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) has been widely used as an antiviral reagent, specifically for patients with chronic hepatitis C. We previously demonstrated that adenosine kinase, which monophosphorylates RBV into the metabolically active form, is a key determinant for RBV sensitivity against hepatitis C virus RNA replication. However, the precise mechanism of RBV action and whether RBV affects cellular metabolism remain unclear. Analysis of liver gene expression profiles obtained from patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with the combination of pegylated interferon and RBV showed that the adenosine kinase expression level tends to be lower in patients who are overweight and significantly decreases with progression to advanced fibrosis stages. In our effort to investigate whether RBV affects cellular metabolism, we found that RBV treatment under clinically achievable concentrations suppressed lipogenesis in hepatic cells. In this process, guanosine triphosphate depletion through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition by RBV and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinases, especially microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4, were required. In addition, RBV treatment led to the down-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), a key nuclear receptor in various metabolic processes, including lipogenesis. Moreover, we found that guanosine triphosphate depletion in cells induced the down-regulation of RXRα, which was mediated by microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4. Overexpression of RXRα attenuated the RBV action for suppression of lipogenic genes and intracellular neutral lipids, suggesting that down-regulation of RXRα was required for the suppression of lipogenesis in RBV action. Conclusion: We provide novel insights about RBV action in lipogenesis and its mechanisms involving inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinases, and down-regulation of RXRα. RBV may be a potential reagent for anticancer therapy against the active lipogenesis involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:550-563).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Satoh
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Kyoko Mori
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Daichi Onomura
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Youki Ueda
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Hiromichi Dansako
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Division of Persistent and Oncogenic Viruses Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Tumor Virology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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Säll J, Pettersson AML, Björk C, Henriksson E, Wasserstrom S, Linder W, Zhou Y, Hansson O, Andersson DP, Ekelund M, Degerman E, Stenkula KG, Laurencikiene J, Göransson O. Salt-inducible kinase 2 and -3 are downregulated in adipose tissue from obese or insulin-resistant individuals: implications for insulin signalling and glucose uptake in human adipocytes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:314-323. [PMID: 27807598 PMCID: PMC6518086 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are related to the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). SIK2 is abundant in adipose tissue. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of SIKs in relation to human obesity and insulin resistance, and to evaluate whether changes in the expression of SIKs might play a causal role in the development of disturbed glucose uptake in human adipocytes. METHODS SIK mRNA and protein was determined in human adipose tissue or adipocytes, and correlated to clinical variables. SIK2 and SIK3 expression and phosphorylation were analysed in adipocytes treated with TNF-α. Glucose uptake, GLUT protein levels and localisation, phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and the SIK substrate histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) were analysed after the SIKs had been silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or inhibited using a pan-SIK-inhibitor (HG-9-91-01). RESULTS We demonstrate that SIK2 and SIK3 mRNA are downregulated in adipose tissue from obese individuals and that the expression is regulated by weight change. SIK2 is also negatively associated with in vivo insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), independently of BMI and age. Moreover, SIK2 protein levels and specific kinase activity display a negative correlation to BMI in human adipocytes. Furthermore, SIK2 and SIK3 are downregulated by TNF-α in adipocytes. Silencing or inhibiting SIK1-3 in adipocytes results in reduced phosphorylation of HDAC4 and PKB/Akt, less GLUT4 at the plasma membrane, and lower basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION This is the first study to describe the expression and function of SIKs in human adipocytes. Our data suggest that SIKs might be protective in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, with implications for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Säll
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, Klinikgatan 28, 22242, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annie M L Pettersson
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christel Björk
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Henriksson
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, Klinikgatan 28, 22242, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wasserstrom
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wilhelm Linder
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, Klinikgatan 28, 22242, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuedan Zhou
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ekelund
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Degerman
- Insulin Signal Transduction, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, Klinikgatan 28, 22242, Lund, Sweden.
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42
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Teesalu M, Rovenko BM, Hietakangas V. Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Provides Sugar Tolerance by Regulating NADPH/NADP + Redox Balance. Curr Biol 2017; 27:458-464. [PMID: 28132818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing pathways respond to changes in the levels of macronutrients, such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids, and regulate metabolic pathways to maintain organismal homeostasis [1, 2]. Consequently, nutrient sensing provides animals with the metabolic flexibility necessary for enduring temporal fluctuations in nutrient intake. Recent studies have shown that an animal's ability to survive on a high-sugar diet is determined by sugar-responsive gene regulation [3-8]. It remains to be elucidated whether other levels of metabolic control, such as post-translational regulation of metabolic enzymes, also contribute to organismal sugar tolerance. Furthermore, the sugar-regulated metabolic pathways contributing to sugar tolerance remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we identify Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase family, as a key determinant of Drosophila sugar tolerance. SIK3 allows sugar-feeding animals to increase the reductive capacity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP+). NADPH mediates the reduction of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, which is essential for survival on a high-sugar diet. SIK3 controls NADP+ reduction by phosphorylating and activating Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. SIK3 gene expression is regulated by the sugar-regulated transcription factor complex Mondo-Mlx, which was previously identified as a key determinant of sugar tolerance. SIK3 converges with Mondo-Mlx in sugar-induced activation of G6PD, and simultaneous inhibition of SIK3 and Mondo-Mlx leads to strong synergistic lethality on a sugar-containing diet. In conclusion, SIK3 cooperates with Mondo-Mlx to maintain organismal sugar tolerance through the regulation of NADPH/NADP+ redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Teesalu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bohdana M Rovenko
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during differentiation enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Biochem J 2016; 474:521-537. [PMID: 27920213 PMCID: PMC5290485 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) control a novel molecular switch regulating macrophage polarization. Pharmacological inhibition of the SIKs induces a macrophage phenotype characterized by the secretion of high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, and the secretion of very low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α. The SIKs, therefore, represent attractive new drug targets for the treatment of macrophage-driven diseases, but which of the three isoforms, SIK1, SIK2 or SIK3, would be appropriate to target remains unknown. To address this question, we developed knock-in (KI) mice for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, in which we introduced a mutation that renders the enzymes catalytically inactive. Characterization of primary macrophages from the single and double KI mice established that all three SIK isoforms, and in particular SIK2 and SIK3, contribute to macrophage polarization. Moreover, we discovered that inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during macrophage differentiation greatly enhanced the production of IL-10 compared with their inhibition in mature macrophages. Interestingly, macrophages differentiated in the presence of SIK inhibitors, MRT199665 and HG-9-91-01, still produced very large amounts of IL-10, but very low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even after the SIKs had been reactivated by removal of the drugs. Our data highlight an integral role for SIK2 and SIK3 in innate immunity by preventing the differentiation of macrophages into a potent and stable anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Sundberg TB, Liang Y, Wu H, Choi HG, Kim ND, Sim T, Johannessen L, Petrone A, Khor B, Graham DB, Latorre IJ, Phillips AJ, Schreiber SL, Perez J, Shamji AF, Gray NS, Xavier RJ. Development of Chemical Probes for Investigation of Salt-Inducible Kinase Function in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2105-11. [PMID: 27224444 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are promising therapeutic targets for modulating cytokine responses during innate immune activation. The study of SIK inhibition in animal models of disease has been limited by the lack of selective small-molecule probes suitable for modulating SIK function in vivo. We used the pan-SIK inhibitor HG-9-91-01 as a starting point to develop improved analogs, yielding a novel probe 5 (YKL-05-099) that displays increased selectivity for SIKs versus other kinases and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Well-tolerated doses of YKL-05-099 achieve free serum concentrations above its IC50 for SIK2 inhibition for >16 h and reduce phosphorylation of a known SIK substrate in vivo. While in vivo active doses of YKL-05-099 recapitulate the effects of SIK inhibition on inflammatory cytokine responses, they did not induce metabolic abnormalities observed in Sik2 knockout mice. These results identify YKL-05-099 as a useful probe to investigate SIK function in vivo and further support the development of SIK inhibitors for treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Sundberg
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yanke Liang
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Huixian Wu
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical
Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 136-791
| | - Liv Johannessen
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adam Petrone
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bernard Khor
- Center
for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Program
in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Isabel J. Latorre
- Program
in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew J. Phillips
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jose Perez
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alykhan F. Shamji
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center
for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Program
in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Gastrointestinal
Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Pterosin B has multiple targets in gluconeogenic programs, including coenzyme Q in RORα–SRC2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Nixon M, Stewart-Fitzgibbon R, Fu J, Akhmedov D, Rajendran K, Mendoza-Rodriguez MG, Rivera-Molina YA, Gibson M, Berglund ED, Justice NJ, Berdeaux R. Skeletal muscle salt inducible kinase 1 promotes insulin resistance in obesity. Mol Metab 2015; 5:34-46. [PMID: 26844205 PMCID: PMC4703802 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance causes type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia due to excessive hepatic glucose production and inadequate peripheral glucose uptake. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that the proposed CREB/CRTC2 inhibitor salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) contributes to whole body glucose homeostasis in vivo by regulating hepatic transcription of gluconeogenic genes and also to identify novel SIK1 actions on glucose metabolism. METHODS We created conditional (floxed) SIK1-knockout mice and studied glucose metabolism in animals with global, liver, adipose or skeletal muscle Sik1 deletion. We examined cAMP-dependent regulation of SIK1 and the consequences of SIK1 depletion on primary mouse hepatocytes. We probed metabolic phenotypes in tissue-specific SIK1 knockout mice fed high fat diet through hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and biochemical analysis of insulin signaling. RESULTS SIK1 knockout mice are viable and largely normoglycemic on chow diet. On high fat diet, global SIK1 knockout animals are strikingly protected from glucose intolerance, with both increased plasma insulin and enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, liver SIK1 is not required for regulation of CRTC2 and gluconeogenesis, despite contributions of SIK1 to hepatocyte CRTC2 and gluconeogenesis regulation ex vivo. Sik1 mRNA accumulates in skeletal muscle of obese high fat diet-fed mice, and knockout of SIK1 in skeletal muscle, but not liver or adipose tissue, improves insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose uptake on high fat diet. CONCLUSIONS SIK1 is dispensable for glycemic control on chow diet. SIK1 promotes insulin resistance on high fat diet by a cell-autonomous mechanism in skeletal muscle. Our study establishes SIK1 as a promising therapeutic target to improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in obese individuals without deleterious effects on hepatic glucose production.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- CHX, cycloheximide
- CREB
- CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein
- CRTC
- CRTC, CREB regulated transcription coactivator
- EndoRa, endogenous rate of glucose appearance
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- FOXO1, forkhead box protein O1
- FSK, forskolin
- G6pase, glucose 6-phosphatase
- GDR, glucose disposal rate
- GIR, glucose infusion rate
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- Glgn, glucagon
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glut, glucose transporter
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HFD, high fat diet
- HSP, heat shock protein
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin resistance
- PTT, pyruvate tolerance test
- Pepck, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Pgc, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
- SIK, salt inducible kinase
- SIK1
- Salt inducible kinase
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nixon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randi Stewart-Fitzgibbon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dmitry Akhmedov
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kavitha Rajendran
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria G Mendoza-Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yisel A Rivera-Molina
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Micah Gibson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, USA
| | - Nicholas J Justice
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
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47
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Kim MJ, Park SK, Lee JH, Jung CY, Sung DJ, Park JH, Yoon YS, Park J, Park KG, Song DK, Cho H, Kim ST, Koo SH. Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 Terminates cAMP Signaling by an Evolutionarily Conserved Negative-Feedback Loop in β-Cells. Diabetes 2015; 64:3189-202. [PMID: 25918234 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are critical in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by controlled secretion of insulin in mammals. Activation of protein kinase A by cAMP is shown to be responsible for enhancing this pathway, which is countered by phosphodiesterase (PDE) that converts cAMP to AMP and turns off the signal. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) were also known to inhibit cAMP signaling, mostly by promoting inhibitory phosphorylation on CREB-regulated transcription coactivators. Here, we showed that SIK1 regulates insulin secretion in β-cells by modulating PDE4D and cAMP concentrations. Haploinsufficiency of SIK1 led to the improved glucose tolerance due to the increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Depletion of SIK1 promoted higher cAMP concentration and increased insulin secretion from primary islets, suggesting that SIK1 controls insulin secretion through the regulation of cAMP signaling. By using a consensus phosphorylation site of SIK1, we identified PDE4D as a new substrate for this kinase family. In vitro kinase assay as well as mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the predicted Ser(136) and the adjacent Ser(141) of PDE4D are critical in SIK1-mediated phosphorylation. We found that overexpression of either SIK1 or PDE4D in β-cells reduced insulin secretion, while inhibition of PDE4 activity by rolipram or knockdown of PDE4D restored it, showing indeed that SIK1-dependent phosphorylation of PDE4D is critical in reducing cAMP concentration and insulin secretion from β-cells. Taken together, we propose that SIK1 serves as a part of a self-regulatory circuit to modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by controlling cAMP concentration through modulation of PDE4D activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Sung
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea Division of Sports Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology and Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sil Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology and Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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48
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Itoh Y, Sanosaka M, Fuchino H, Yahara Y, Kumagai A, Takemoto D, Kagawa M, Doi J, Ohta M, Tsumaki N, Kawahara N, Takemori H. Salt-inducible Kinase 3 Signaling Is Important for the Gluconeogenic Programs in Mouse Hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17879-17893. [PMID: 26048985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), members of the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, are proposed to be important suppressors of gluconeogenic programs in the liver via the phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of the CREB-specific coactivator CRTC2. Although a dramatic phenotype for glucose metabolism has been found in SIK3-KO mice, additional complex phenotypes, dysregulation of bile acids, cholesterol, and fat homeostasis can render it difficult to discuss the hepatic functions of SIK3. The aim of this study was to examine the cell autonomous actions of SIK3 in hepatocytes. To eliminate systemic effects, we prepared primary hepatocytes and screened the small compounds suppressing SIK3 signaling cascades. SIK3-KO primary hepatocytes produced glucose more quickly after treatment with the cAMP agonist forskolin than the WT hepatocytes, which was accompanied by enhanced gluconeogenic gene expression and CRTC2 dephosphorylation. Reporter-based screening identified pterosin B as a SIK3 signaling-specific inhibitor. Pterosin B suppressed SIK3 downstream cascades by up-regulating the phosphorylation levels in the SIK3 C-terminal regulatory domain. When pterosin B promoted glucose production by up-regulating gluconeogenic gene expression in mouse hepatoma AML-12 cells, it decreased the glycogen content and stimulated an association between the glycogen phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit (PHKG2) and SIK3. PHKG2 phosphorylated the peptides with sequences of the C-terminal domain of SIK3. Here we found that the levels of active AMPK were higher both in the SIK3-KO hepatocytes and in pterosin B-treated AML-12 cells than in their controls. These results suggest that SIK3, rather than SIK1, SIK2, or AMPKs, acts as the predominant suppressor in gluconeogenic gene expression in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Itoh
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masato Sanosaka
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, Tsukuba Division, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayako Kumagai
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Daisaku Takemoto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Mai Kagawa
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Senri Kinran University, Osaka, 565-0873 Japan
| | - Miho Ohta
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Human Development, Soai University, Osaka, 559-0033, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, Tsukuba Division, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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49
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Sanosaka M, Fujimoto M, Ohkawara T, Nagatake T, Itoh Y, Kagawa M, Kumagai A, Fuchino H, Kunisawa J, Naka T, Takemori H. Salt-inducible kinase 3 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock accompanied by increased levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in mice. Immunology 2015; 145:268-78. [PMID: 25619259 PMCID: PMC4427391 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the innate immune system during infection and systemic inflammation. When bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binds to Toll-like receptor 4 on macrophages, several signalling cascades co-operatively up-regulate gene expression of inflammatory molecules. The present study aimed to examine whether salt-inducible kinase [SIK, a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family] could contribute to the regulation of immune signal not only in cultured macrophages, but also in vivo. LPS up-regulated SIK3 expression in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and exogenously over-expressed SIK3 negatively regulated the expression of inflammatory molecules [interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and IL-12p40] in RAW264.7 macrophages. Conversely, these inflammatory molecule levels were up-regulated in SIK3-deficient thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TEPM), despite no impairment of the classical signalling cascades. Forced expression of SIK3 in SIK3-deficient TEPM suppressed the levels of the above-mentioned inflammatory molecules. LPS injection (10 mg/kg) led to the death of all SIK3-knockout (KO) mice within 48 hr after treatment, whereas only one mouse died in the SIK1-KO (n = 8), SIK2-KO (n = 9) and wild-type (n = 8 or 9) groups. In addition, SIK3-KO bone marrow transplantation increased LPS sensitivity of the recipient wild-type mice, which was accompanied by an increased level of circulating IL-6. These results suggest that SIK3 is a unique negative regulator that suppresses inflammatory molecule gene expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sanosaka
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Signalling, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Immune Signalling, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Itoh
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Kagawa
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayako Kumagai
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Research Centre for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory of Immune Signalling, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical InnovationIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Choi S, Lim DS, Chung J. Feeding and Fasting Signals Converge on the LKB1-SIK3 Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005263. [PMID: 25996931 PMCID: PMC4440640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
LKB1 plays important roles in governing energy homeostasis by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other AMPK-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs). However, the roles and regulation of LKB1 in lipid metabolism are poorly understood. Here we show that Drosophila LKB1 mutants display decreased lipid storage and increased gene expression of brummer, the Drosophila homolog of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). These phenotypes are consistent with those of SIK3 mutants and are rescued by expression of constitutively active SIK3 in the fat body, suggesting that SIK3 is a key downstream kinase of LKB1. Using genetic and biochemical analyses, we identify HDAC4, a class IIa histone deacetylase, as a lipolytic target of the LKB1-SIK3 pathway. Interestingly, we found that the LKB1-SIK3-HDAC4 signaling axis is modulated by dietary conditions. In short-term fasting, the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) pathway, related to the mammalian glucagon pathway, inhibits the kinase activity of LKB1 as shown by decreased SIK3 Thr196 phosphorylation, and consequently induces HDAC4 nuclear localization and brummer gene expression. However, under prolonged fasting conditions, AKH-independent signaling decreases the activity of the LKB1-SIK3 pathway to induce lipolytic responses. We also identify that the Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) pathway, related to mammalian insulin pathway, regulates SIK3 activity in feeding conditions independently of increasing LKB1 kinase activity. Overall, these data suggest that fasting stimuli specifically control the kinase activity of LKB1 and establish the LKB1-SIK3 pathway as a converging point between feeding and fasting signals to control lipid homeostasis in Drosophila. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine kinase, controls 14 different AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family kinases, including salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), suggesting that it plays a variety of roles. Using the fruit fly as an in vivo model system, we reveal that LKB1 kinase activity is critical for lipid storage and controls the lipolysis pathway in the fat body, which is equivalent to mammalian adipose and liver tissue. We find that the lipolytic defects of LKB1 mutants are rescued by the expression of constitutively active SIK3 in the fat body. We show that LKB1 and SIK3 regulate lipid storage by altering the gene expression of brummer, the Drosophila homolog of human adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a critical lipolytic gene. We also identify that LKB1-SIK3 signaling controls the nuclear and cytosolic localization of the class IIa deacetylase HDAC4 via SIK3-dependent phosphorylation in feeding and fasting conditions, respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that the LKB1-SIK3-HDAC4 pathway plays a critical role in maintaining fly lipid homeostasis in response to dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekyu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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