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Schaefer N, Bishop MJ, Bugnot AB, Foster-Thorpe C, Herbert B, Hoey AS, Mayer-Pinto M, Nakagawa S, Sherman CDH, Vozzo ML, Dafforn KA. Influence of habitat features on the colonisation of native and non-indigenous species. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106498. [PMID: 38631225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Marine artificial structures provide substrates on which organisms can settle and grow. These structures facilitate establishment and spread of non-indigenous species, in part due to their distinct physical features (substrate material, movement, orientation) compared to natural habitat analogues such as rocky shores, and because following construction, they have abundant resources (space) for species to colonise. Despite the perceived importance of these habitat features, few studies have directly compared distributions of native and non-indigenous species or considered how functional identity and associated environmental preferences drive associations. We undertook a meta-analysis to investigate whether colonisation of native and non-indigenous species varies between artificial structures with features most closely resembling natural habitats (natural substrates, fixed structures, surfaces oriented upwards) and those least resembling natural habitats (artificial materials, floating structures, downfacing or vertical surfaces), or whether functional identity is the primary driver of differences. Analyses were done at global and more local (SE Australia) scales to investigate if patterns held regardless of scale. Our results suggest that functional group (i.e., algae, ascidians. barnacles, bryozoans, polychaetes) rather than species classification (i.e., native or non-indigenous) are the main drivers of differences in communities between different types of artificial structures. Specifically, there were differences in the abundance of ascidians, barnacles, and polychaetes between (1) upfacing and downfacing/vertical surfaces, and (2) floating and fixed substrates. When differences were detected, taxa were most abundant on features least resembling natural habitats. Results varied between global and SE Australian analyses, potentially due to reduced variability across studies in the SE Australian dataset. Thus, the functional group and associated preferences of the highest threat NIS in the area should be considered in design strategies (e.g., ecological engineering) to limit their establishment on newly built infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schaefer
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ana B Bugnot
- CSIRO Environment, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | | | - Brett Herbert
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Craig D H Sherman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia
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2
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Janiak DS, Branson DR. A reciprocal transplant approach to predation in fouling communities found in natural and artificial habitats. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106411. [PMID: 38422818 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human influence along the coastline is a significant threat to biodiversity and includes the alteration or replacement of natural habitat with artificial structures. Infrastructure such as docks and marinas are common throughout the world and typically have negative impacts on coastal flora and fauna. Impacts include the reduction of native biodiversity, the increase of introduced species, and the alteration of biotic interactions (e.g., predation). Many studies examine human disturbance on biotic interactions within a single habitat (i.e., docks or marinas) but what lacks are paired comparisons using standardized methods of biotic interactions between artificial and nearby natural habitats. In the current study, benthic fouling communities were allowed to develop, with and without predator access, in artificial and seagrass habitats. Cages were used to reduce predation and removed to expose communities to fish predators. Prior to exposure, communities were either left at their original site or transplanted to the opposite habitat and changes in the percent cover of species found were compared. Initially, community composition differed between habitats and when predation was reduced (caged vs. open). When developed communities within cages were exposed to predators, predation was strong but only in artificial habitats and regardless of where communities originated. In contrast, little predation occurred at seagrass sites on previously caged communities developed within seagrass beds or that were transplanted from artificial habitat. Taken together, results indicate that the strength of biotic interactions can differ depending on habitat, leading to changes in community composition. With the continuous expansion of artificial structures world-wide, it is becoming increasingly important to understand not only their effects on biotic interactions and biodiversity but also how these effects extend and compare to adjacent natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean S Janiak
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA.
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3
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Xavier EA, Almeida ACS, Nogueira MM, Vieira LM. Effects of substratum type and orientation on the recruitment of bryozoans in an artificial area of the Western Atlantic. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:748-762. [PMID: 37791479 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2262928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Bryozoans are commonly associated with various artificial structures in marine environments and have been responsible for several bioinvasion events worldwide. Understanding the interactions between bryozoans and artificial structures is therefore essential to prevent the establishment and spread of potential bioinvaders. This study investigated bryozoan recruitment on four different substrates (PET, nautical ropes, metal, and PVC) placed in three orientations (vertical, horizontal facing down and facing up) in an area of the Western Atlantic. In total, 15 species of bryozoans were found. The results revealed significant variations in assemblages' richness, with bryozoans showing a preference for settling on PVC (14 species found) and on the underside of horizontal substrates (15 species found), resulting in the higher representativity observed in this study. Cryptogenic (nine species) and exotic (five species) bryozoans dominated the assemblages in all treatments, indicating that the type of substrate (especially artificial) and its orientation can favor the settlement of bryozoans, particularly non-native species. Therefore, the availability of multiple types of artificial substrates in marine environments should be treated as a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everthon A Xavier
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa (LAEBry), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Ana C S Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa (LAEBry), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Marcos M Nogueira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Leandro M Vieira
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa (LAEBry), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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4
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Gauff RPM, Joubert E, Curd A, Carlier A, Chavanon F, Ravel C, Bouchoucha M. The elephant in the room: Introduced species also profit from refuge creation by artificial fish habitats. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 185:105859. [PMID: 36680811 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, ecological rehabilitation is envisioned to mitigate and revert impacts of ocean sprawl on coastal marine biodiversity. While in the past studies have demonstrated the positive effects of artificial fish habitats in port areas on fish abundance and diversity, benthic colonization of these structures has not yet been taken into consideration. This could be problematic as they may provide suitable habitat for Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) and hence facilitate their spreading. The present study aimed to examine communities developing on artificial fish habitats and to observe if the number of NIS was higher than in surrounding equivalent habitats. The structures were colonized by communities that were significantly different compared to those surrounding the control habitat, and they were home to a greater number of NIS. As NIS can cause severe ecological and economical damages, our results imply that in conjunction with the ecosystem services provided by artificial fish habitats, an ecosystem disservice in the form of facilitated NIS colonization may be present. These effects have not been shown before and need to be considered to effectively decide in which situations artificial structures may be used for fish rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P M Gauff
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, F-29280, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507, La Seyne Sur Mer, France.
| | - Etienne Joubert
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507, La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Amelia Curd
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Carlier
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Chavanon
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507, La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Christophe Ravel
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507, La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Marc Bouchoucha
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507, La Seyne Sur Mer, France
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5
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Touchard F, Simon A, Bierne N, Viard F. Urban rendezvous along the seashore: Ports as Darwinian field labs for studying marine evolution in the Anthropocene. Evol Appl 2023; 16:560-579. [PMID: 36793678 PMCID: PMC9923491 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have built ports on all the coasts of the world, allowing people to travel, exploit the sea, and develop trade. The proliferation of these artificial habitats and the associated maritime traffic is not predicted to fade in the coming decades. Ports share common characteristics: Species find themselves in novel singular environments, with particular abiotic properties-e.g., pollutants, shading, protection from wave action-within novel communities in a melting pot of invasive and native taxa. Here, we discuss how this drives evolution, including setting up of new connectivity hubs and gateways, adaptive responses to exposure to new chemicals or new biotic communities, and hybridization between lineages that would have never come into contact naturally. There are still important knowledge gaps, however, such as the lack of experimental tests to distinguish adaptation from acclimation processes, the lack of studies to understand the putative threats of port lineages to natural populations or to better understand the outcomes and fitness effects of anthropogenic hybridization. We thus call for further research examining "biological portuarization," defined as the repeated evolution of marine species in port ecosystems under human-altered selective pressures. Furthermore, we argue that ports act as giant mesocosms often isolated from the open sea by seawalls and locks and so provide replicated life-size evolutionary experiments essential to support predictive evolutionary sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Simon
- ISEM, EPHE, IRDUniversité MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Center of Population Biology and Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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6
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Schaefer N, Sedano F, Bishop MJ, Dunn K, Haeusler MH, Yu KD, Zavoleas Y, Dafforn KA. Facilitation of non-indigenous ascidian by marine eco-engineering interventions at an urban site. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:80-93. [PMID: 36912169 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2186785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine artificial structures often support lower native species diversity and more non-indigenous species (NIS), but adding complex habitat and using bioreceptive materials have the potential to mitigate these impacts. Here, the interacting effects of structural complexity (flat, complex with pits) and concrete mixture (standard, or with oyster shell or vermiculite aggregate) on recruitment were assessed at two intertidal levels at an urban site. Complex tiles had less green algal cover, oyster shell mixtures had less brown (Ralfsia sp.) algal cover. At a low tidal elevation, the non-indigenous ascidian Styela plicata dominated complex tiles. Additionally, mixtures with oyster shell supported higher total cover of sessile species, and a higher cover of S. plicata. There were no effects of complexity or mixture on biofilm communities and native and NIS richness. Overall, these results suggest that habitat complexity and some bioreceptive materials may facilitate colonisation by a dominant invertebrate invader on artificial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schaefer
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco Sedano
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, España
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Dunn
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Hank Haeusler
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Daniel Yu
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yannis Zavoleas
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Architecture, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Ohayashi NS, Rodrigues ID, Marchetti OC, Dias GM. Seeding artificial habitats with native benthic species can prevent the occurrence of exotic organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105771. [PMID: 36257100 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeding native species on pillars and platforms of marinas and harbors has been suggested to reduce space availability and prevent the colonization of exotic nuisance species, which are usually associated with coastal urbanization. The efficacy of seeding, however, has been tested mainly on the intertidal zone. To test how seeding native species in the subtidal zone affects the subsequent colonization and spread of exotic species and the community diversity, we deployed 10 PVC plates seeded with adults of the native sponge Mycale angulosa, 10 with the native ascidian Symplegma rubra, both covering about 6% of the available substrate, and 10 plates free of any intervention in a recreational marina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. We then assessed the diversity and structure of the sessile community across treatments after eight months. Seeding the substrate with S. rubra resulted in no difference to unseeded communities, which were dominated by the exotic bryozoan Schizoporella errata (>66% of the substrate) and supported on average 16.9 ± 1.3 and 14.2 ± 2.0 morphospecies, respectively. However, seeding the substrate with M. angulosa resulted in a distinct community dominated by the seeded sponge (>97% of the substrate) and supporting only 3.2 ± 0.5 morphospecies. Besides, all 13 registered exotic species were reported from communities seeded with S. rubra, 11 from the unseeded communities, but only three were observed in those seeded with M. angulosa. While the consequences of the low diversity of the community seeded with M. angulosa must be addressed since poor communities are usually associated with low biotic resistance to invasion, seeding resulted in a high dominance of the native sponge, reducing the monopolization of resources by exotic species. These results suggest that seeding the substrate with native species should be implemented along with other interventions for managing artificial habitats in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathani S Ohayashi
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Marine Experimental Ecology Group, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP: 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Isadora D Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Marine Experimental Ecology Group, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP: 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Otávio C Marchetti
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Marine Experimental Ecology Group, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP: 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Dias
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Marine Experimental Ecology Group, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP: 09606-070, Brazil.
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8
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Giachetti CB, Tatián M, Schwindt E. Differences in the gonadal cycle between two ascidians species, Ascidiella aspersa and Ciona robusta, help to explain their invasion success in a cold temperate port. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Komyakova V, Jaffrés JBD, Strain EMA, Cullen-Knox C, Fudge M, Langhamer O, Bender A, Yaakub SM, Wilson E, Allan BJM, Sella I, Haward M. Conceptualisation of multiple impacts interacting in the marine environment using marine infrastructure as an example. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154748. [PMID: 35337877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The human population is increasingly reliant on the marine environment for food, trade, tourism, transport, communication and other vital ecosystem services. These services require extensive marine infrastructure, all of which have direct or indirect ecological impacts on marine environments. The rise in global marine infrastructure has led to light, noise and chemical pollution, as well as facilitation of biological invasions. As a result, marine systems and associated species are under increased pressure from habitat loss and degradation, formation of ecological traps and increased mortality, all of which can lead to reduced resilience and consequently increased invasive species establishment. Whereas the cumulative bearings of collective human impacts on marine populations have previously been demonstrated, the multiple impacts associated with marine infrastructure have not been well explored. Here, building on ecological literature, we explore the impacts that are associated with marine infrastructure, conceptualising the notion of correlative, interactive and cumulative effects of anthropogenic activities on the marine environment. By reviewing the range of mitigation approaches that are currently available, we consider the role that eco-engineering, marine spatial planning and agent-based modelling plays in complementing the design and placement of marine structures to incorporate the existing connectivity pathways, ecological principles and complexity of the environment. Because the effect of human-induced, rapid environmental change is predicted to increase in response to the growth of the human population, this study demonstrates that the development and implementation of legislative framework, innovative technologies and nature-informed solutions are vital, preventative measures to mitigate the multiple impacts associated with marine infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Komyakova
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia.
| | - Jasmine B D Jaffrés
- C&R Consulting, Townsville, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M A Strain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Coco Cullen-Knox
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Maree Fudge
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia; College of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia Langhamer
- Division of Electricity, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anke Bender
- Division of Electricity, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Siti M Yaakub
- Sustainability & Climate Solutions Department, DHI Water & Environment (S), Singapore
| | - Eloise Wilson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Marcus Haward
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia; Blue Economy Cooperative Research Centre, PO Box 897, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
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10
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Paxton AB, Steward DN, Harrison ZH, Taylor JC. Fitting ecological principles of artificial reefs into the ocean planning puzzle. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avery B. Paxton
- CSS‐Inc Fairfax Virginia USA
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Beaufort North Carolina USA
| | | | - Zachary H. Harrison
- North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Morehead City North Carolina USA
| | - J. Christopher Taylor
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Beaufort North Carolina USA
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11
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O’Shaughnessy KA, Perkol-Finkel S, Strain EMA, Bishop MJ, Hawkins SJ, Hanley ME, Lunt P, Thompson RC, Hadary T, Shirazi R, Yunnie ALE, Amstutz A, Milliet L, Yong CLX, Firth LB. Spatially Variable Effects of Artificially-Created Physical Complexity on Subtidal Benthos. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.690413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the environmental damage caused by urbanization, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are being implemented to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem processes with mutual benefits for society and nature. Although the field of NbS is flourishing, experiments in different geographic locations and environmental contexts have produced variable results, with knowledge particularly lacking for the subtidal zone. This study tested the effects of physical complexity on colonizing communities in subtidal habitats in two urban locations: (1) Plymouth, United Kingdom (northeast Atlantic) and (2) Tel Aviv, Israel (eastern Mediterranean) for 15- and 12-months, respectively. At each location, physical complexity was manipulated using experimental tiles that were either flat or had 2.5 or 5.0 cm ridges. In Plymouth, biological complexity was also manipulated through seeding tiles with habitat-forming mussels. The effects of the manipulations on taxon and functional richness, and community composition were assessed at both locations, and in Plymouth the survival and size of seeded mussels and abundance and size of recruited mussels were also assessed. Effects of physical complexity differed between locations. Physical complexity did not influence richness or community composition in Plymouth, while in Tel Aviv, there were effects of complexity on community composition. In Plymouth, effects of biological complexity were found with mussel seeding reducing taxon richness, supporting larger recruited mussels, and influencing community composition. Our results suggest that outcomes of NbS experiments are context-dependent and highlight the risk of extrapolating the findings outside of the context in which they were tested.
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12
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Adams LW, Morris RL, Hull RB, Dempster T, Strain EMA. Making marinas bivalve friendly for enhanced biodiversity outcomes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112464. [PMID: 34087666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural coastlines are being replaced by artificial structures (pilings, pontoons, breakwaters), with negative environmental impacts, particularly in marinas. Ropes seeded with mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were added to artificial structures in a marina, using aquaculture techniques, to reduce the colonisation of invasive taxa. After 6-months, droplines beneath pontoons had the highest seeded mussel survival and growth, richness of native and invasive taxa, and proportion of invasive to native taxa, compared with the other interventions. Mussel ropes on the intertidal structures (pilings and breakwaters) supported higher biomass of native taxa, whereas mussel ropes on subtidal structures (pontoons and breakwaters) had reduced biomass of invasive taxa, relative to the unseeded ropes. Droplines had the greater biomass of mussels, while mussel ropes placed under pontoons, and in subtidal gabion baskets limited the biomass but not the diversity of invasive species. Further study is required to determine whether these interventions can be upscaled to improve both the native biodiversity and functioning of marinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Adams
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Hull
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Dempster
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E M A Strain
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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13
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Vozzo ML, Mayer-Pinto M, Bishop MJ, Cumbo VR, Bugnot AB, Dafforn KA, Johnston EL, Steinberg PD, Strain EMA. Making seawalls multifunctional: The positive effects of seeded bivalves and habitat structure on species diversity and filtration rates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 165:105243. [PMID: 33476978 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is being increasingly modified by the construction of artificial structures, the impacts of which may be mitigated through eco-engineering. To date, eco-engineering has predominantly aimed to increase biodiversity, but enhancing other ecological functions is arguably of equal importance for artificial structures. Here, we manipulated complexity through habitat structure (flat, and 2.5 cm, 5 cm deep vertical and 5 cm deep horizontal crevices) and seeding with the native oyster (Saccostrea glomerata, unseeded and seeded) on concrete tiles (0.25 m × 0.25 m) affixed to seawalls to investigate whether complexity (both orientation and depth of crevices) influences particle removal rates by suspension feeders and colonisation by different functional groups, and whether there are any ecological trade-offs between these functions. After 12 months, complex seeded tiles generally supported a greater abundance of suspension feeding taxa and had higher particle removal rates than flat tiles or unseeded tiles. The richness and diversity of taxa also increased with complexity. The effect of seeding was, however, generally weaker on tiles with complex habitat structure. However, the orientation of habitat complexity and the depth of the crevices did not influence particle removal rates or colonising taxa. Colonisation by non-native taxa was low compared to total taxa richness. We did not detect negative ecological trade-offs between increased particle removal rates and diversity and abundance of key functional groups. Our results suggest that the addition of complexity to marine artificial structures could potentially be used to enhance both biodiversity and particle removal rates. Consequently, complexity should be incorporated into future eco-engineering projects to provide a range of ecological functions in urbanised estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Vozzo
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - M Mayer-Pinto
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - M J Bishop
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - V R Cumbo
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - A B Bugnot
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - K A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - E L Johnston
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - P D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - E M A Strain
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
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14
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Battini N, Giachetti CB, Castro KL, Bortolus A, Schwindt E. Predator–prey interactions as key drivers for the invasion success of a potentially neurotoxic sea slug. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Janiak DS, Branson D. Impacts of habitat and predation on epifaunal communities from seagrass beds and artificial structures. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105225. [PMID: 33302152 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within the coastal marine environment, the increased presence of artificial habitat can have negative impacts on the functioning of marine communities. Artificial structures provide a novel, hard surface for the colonization and growth of a variety of marine species and disproportionally favor introduced species. With the global rise in hardened shorelines, it is imperative to examine the ecological processes that occur within these habitats to those occurring in natural habitats. Here, we compared habitat differences in fouling community composition of different successional ages as well as the impact of predation on those communities. Specifically, we investigated how communities differed with respect to natural (seagrass beds) and artificial (docks) habitats and then exposed previously caged communities to predators to examine prey-specific effects within each habitat and on different aged communities. We found that habitat was a good predictor of community structure including both total species richness and introduced species richness higher in artificial habitats. We expected predators to increase available space allowing increased species co-existence, however, this was not the case. Predators in both habitats reduced richness despite having a strong impact on the percent cover of dominant groups. Predators also reduced introduced species richness, particularly in artificial habitats. Artificial structures are an important pathway of success for introduced species and results here show the importance of biotic resistance within these habitats, potentially limiting the spread of introduced species into natural habitat. Overall, species found within the different habitats could be predicted based on life history traits and predators did not increase the similarity of communities between habitats though still acted in a comparable way, reducing the dominant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean S Janiak
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA.
| | - David Branson
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
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16
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Airoldi L, Beck MW, Firth LB, Bugnot AB, Steinberg PD, Dafforn KA. Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2021; 13:445-477. [PMID: 32867567 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more sustainable future, it is imperative that we better design, manage, and conserve urban ocean spaces for both humans and nature. We identify three key objectives for more sustainable urban oceans: reduction of urban pressures, protection and restoration of ocean ecosystems, and support of critical ecosystem services. We describe an array of emerging evidence-based approaches, including greening grayinfrastructure, restoring habitats, and developing biotechnologies. We then explore new economic instruments and incentives for supporting these new approaches and evaluate their feasibility in delivering these objectives. Several of these tools have the potential to help bring nature back to the urban ocean while also addressing some of the critical needs of urban societies, such as climate adaptation, seafood production, clean water, and recreation, providing both human and environmental benefits in some of our most impacted ocean spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, 30015 Chioggia, Italy;
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, UO CoNISMa, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Michael W Beck
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA;
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom;
| | - Ana B Bugnot
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation and School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia;
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17
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O'Shaughnessy KA, Hawkins SJ, Yunnie ALE, Hanley ME, Lunt P, Thompson RC, Firth LB. Occurrence and assemblage composition of intertidal non-native species may be influenced by shipping patterns and artificial structures. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111082. [PMID: 32319910 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Habitat modification coupled with the spread of non-native species (NNS) are among the top threats to marine biodiversity globally. Species are known to be transported to new locations via international shipping and secondarily spread via regional vessels and artificial structures. Rapid Assessment Surveys (RAS) combining quantitative and semi-quantitative methods compared NNS richness and assemblage composition on intertidal natural rocky shores and artificial structures in harbours in different regions along the south coast of England. Quantitative data showed that artificial habitats supported higher richness than natural habitats, while semi-quantitative data found no difference in richness among habitat types. This result was attributed to additional species found in rock pools during searches of complex microhabitats in natural habitats. Assemblages on artificial structures differed among regions, with regions and harbours with greater numbers of vessels supporting greater richness. Results highlight the importance of shipping and artificial structures for NNS introduction and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A O'Shaughnessy
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Anna L E Yunnie
- PML Applications Ltd, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul Lunt
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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18
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O’Shaughnessy KA, Hawkins SJ, Evans AJ, Hanley ME, Lunt P, Thompson RC, Francis RA, Hoggart SPG, Moore PJ, Iglesias G, Simmonds D, Ducker J, Firth LB. Design catalogue for eco-engineering of coastal artificial structures: a multifunctional approach for stakeholders and end-users. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCoastal urbanisation, energy extraction, food production, shipping and transportation have led to the global proliferation of artificial structures within the coastal and marine environments (sensu “ocean sprawl”), with subsequent loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. To mitigate and compensate impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of artificial structures has been developed over the past decade. Eco-engineering aims to create sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with the natural environment for the benefit of both. The science of eco-engineering has grown markedly, yet synthesis of research into a user-friendly and practitioner-focused format is lacking. Feedback from stakeholders has repeatedly stated that a “photo user guide” or “manual” covering the range of eco-engineering options available for artificial structures would be beneficial. However, a detailed and structured “user guide” for eco-engineering in coastal and marine environments is not yet possible; therefore we present an accessible review and catalogue of trialled eco-engineering options and a summary of guidance for a range of different structures tailored for stakeholders and end-users as the first step towards a structured manual. This work can thus serve as a potential template for future eco-engineering guides. Here we provide suggestions for potential eco-engineering designs to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services of coastal artificial structures with the following structures covered: (1) rock revetment, breakwaters and groynes composed of armour stones or concrete units; (2) vertical and sloping seawalls; (3) over-water structures (i.e., piers) and associated support structures; and (4) tidal river walls.
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19
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Rumbold CE. Life history of peracarid species in South-western Atlantic: Comparison of population traits between native and exotic species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Rumbold
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Dean Funes 3350 CP 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
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20
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Abstract
Sea dikes protect low-lying hinterlands along many coasts all around the world. Commonly, they are designed as embankments with grass covers or grey revetments accounting for the prevailing hydraulic loads. So far, incorporation of ecological aspects in the dike design is limited. With regard to increasing environmental awareness and climate change adaptation needs, the present study reviews methods for ecological enhancement of sea dikes and discusses limitations and challenges related to these methods. In doing so, one key aspect is to maintain dike safety while increasing the ecological value. Potential for ecological enhancement of sea dikes has been found regarding natural or nature-based solutions in the foreshore, dike surface protection measures (vegetated dike covers, hard revetments and dike roads) and the dike geometry. While natural and nature-based solutions in the foreland are investigated thoroughly, so far only few experiences with ecological enhancements of the dike structure itself were gained resulting in uncertainties and knowledge gaps concerning the implementation and efficiency. Additional to technical uncertainties, engineers and ecologists meet the challenge of interdisciplinary collaboration under consideration of societal needs and expectations.
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21
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Paxton AB, Peterson CH, Taylor JC, Adler AM, Pickering EA, Silliman BR. Artificial reefs facilitate tropical fish at their range edge. Commun Biol 2019; 2:168. [PMID: 31069277 PMCID: PMC6502939 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial planning increasingly incorporates theoretical predictions that artificial habitats assist species movement at or beyond range edges, yet evidence for this is uncommon. We conducted surveys of highly mobile fauna (fishes) on artificial habitats (reefs) on the southeastern USA continental shelf to test whether, in comparison to natural reefs, artificial reefs enhance local abundance and biomass of fishes at their poleward range margins. Here, we show that while temperate fishes were more abundant on natural reefs, tropical, and subtropical fishes exhibited higher abundances and biomasses on deep (25-35 m) artificial reefs. Further analyses reveal that this effect depended on feeding guilds because planktivorous and piscivorous but not herbivorous fishes were more abundant on artificial reefs. This is potentially due to heightened prey availability on and structural complexity of artificial reefs. Our findings demonstrate that artificial habitats can facilitate highly mobile species at range edges and suggest these habitats assist poleward species movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery B. Paxton
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Present Address: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Charles H. Peterson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - J. Christopher Taylor
- National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Alyssa M. Adler
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
| | - Emily A. Pickering
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
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22
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Morris RL, Bilkovic DM, Boswell MK, Bushek D, Cebrian J, Goff J, Kibler KM, La Peyre MK, McClenachan G, Moody J, Sacks P, Shinn JP, Sparks EL, Temple NA, Walters LJ, Webb BM, Swearer SE. The application of oyster reefs in shoreline protection: Are we over‐engineering for an ecosystem engineer? J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Donna M. Bilkovic
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William & Mary Gloucester Point Virginia
| | - Maura K. Boswell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia
| | - David Bushek
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory Rutgers University Port Norris New Jersey
| | - Just Cebrian
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island Alabama
- Department of Marine Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama
| | - Joshua Goff
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island Alabama
| | - Kelly M. Kibler
- Department of Civil Environmental & Construction Engineering and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
| | - Megan K. La Peyre
- U.S. Geological Survey Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Giovanna McClenachan
- Department of Biology and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
| | - Josh Moody
- Partnership for Delaware Estuary Wilmington Delaware
| | - Paul Sacks
- Department of Biology and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
| | - Jenny P. Shinn
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory Rutgers University Port Norris New Jersey
| | - Eric L. Sparks
- Coastal Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Biloxi Mississippi
- Mississippi‐Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Ocean Springs Mississippi
| | - Nigel A. Temple
- Coastal Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Biloxi Mississippi
| | - Linda J. Walters
- Department of Biology and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
| | - Bret M. Webb
- Department of Civil Coastal & Environmental Engineering University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama
| | - Stephen E. Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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23
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Lima JS, Zalmon IR, Love M. Overview and trends of ecological and socioeconomic research on artificial reefs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:81-96. [PMID: 30837123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is presented a systematic literature review of artificial reef research, including 620 studies throughout the world from 1962 to 2018. The primary focus of this study was to examine long-term trends in research, focusing on ecological and socioeconomic questions, and to develop new research directions for this field. From 1962 to the beginning of the 1990s, the United States and Japan were the main centers of artificial reef research. Subsequently, researchers in several other countries (particularly China, Australia, Italy, Brazil, and the United Kingdom) began to focus on this subject, resulting in an increase in the number of artificial reef studies. In general, publications about artificial reefs have concentrated on investigating the structure of populations and marine communities and evaluating new technical designs and materials to construct artificial habitats. The science of artificial reefs is responding to new challenges with an increase in more elaborate techniques, such as the use of remotely-operated submarines, organic indicators, isotopes, and molecular biology, while research that evaluates the socioeconomic aspects of artificial reefs is lacking. There are many aspects that deserve more research attention, such as the use of alternative inert materials, environmental impact assessment and mitigation, and analysis of conflicts with affected fisheries communities. The greater challenge is to overcome the apparent division between theory vs. application and to include robust management models of these artificial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Silva Lima
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Sergipe, Brazil; Centre of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of North Rio de Janeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilana Rosental Zalmon
- Centre of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of North Rio de Janeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Milton Love
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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24
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Bugnot AB, Hose GC, Walsh CJ, Floerl O, French K, Dafforn KA, Hanford J, Lowe EC, Hahs AK. Urban impacts across realms: Making the case for inter-realm monitoring and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:711-719. [PMID: 30125852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning populations and the increasing concentration of humans in urban areas have resulted in extensive and increasing degradation and destruction of natural ecosystems. The multitude of impacts and their drivers in urban areas across realms are often studied at local scales, but there is regularly a mismatch between the spatial extent of the impacts and that of the pressures driving those impacts. For example, most human activities occur on land and therefore disturb terrestrial habitats (intrinsic impacts), but their impacts can also extend to the atmosphere and aquatic realms (extrinsic impacts). Management of urban impacts is often designed at local scales and aims to control local pressures, mostly overlooking pressures originating outside the 'managed' area. This is often due to jurisdictional barriers but can also result from the lack of knowledge and recognition among scientists and managers of larger scale pressures. With the aim to highlight the importance of ameliorating extrinsic impacts for holistic management of urban areas, this paper discusses the range and extent of extrinsic impacts produced by the most common pressures in urban environments. We discuss that the terrestrial realm is a 'net-donor' of impacts, as most human activities occur on land and the resulting impacts are transferred to aquatic and atmospheric realms. However, activities in aquatic realms can result in impacts on land. We conclude that, to achieve effective management strategies, greater collaboration is needed between scientists and managers focussing on different realms and regions and we present suggestions for approaches to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Bugnot
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christopher J Walsh
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Oliver Floerl
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jayne Hanford
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Amy K Hahs
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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25
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Strain EMA, Morris RL, Bishop MJ, Tanner E, Steinberg P, Swearer SE, MacLeod C, Alexander KA. Building blue infrastructure: Assessing the key environmental issues and priority areas for ecological engineering initiatives in Australia's metropolitan embayments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:488-496. [PMID: 30340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological engineering principles are increasingly being applied to develop multifunctional artificial structures or rehabilitated habitats in coastal areas. Ecological engineering initiatives are primarily driven by marine scientists and coastal managers, but often the views of key user groups, which can strongly influence the success of projects, are not considered. We used an online survey and participatory mapping exercise to investigate differences in priority goals, sites and attitudes towards ecological engineering between marine scientists and coastal managers as compared to other stakeholders. The surveys were conducted across three Australian cities that varied in their level of urbanisation and environmental pressures. We tested the hypotheses that, relative to other stakeholders, marine scientists and coastal managers will: 1) be more supportive of ecological engineering; 2) be more likely to agree that enhancement of biodiversity and remediation of pollution are key priorities for ecological engineering; and 3) identify different priority areas and infrastructure or degraded habitats for ecological engineering. We also tested the hypothesis that 4) perceptions of ecological engineering would vary among locations, due to environmental and socio-economic differences. In all three harbours, marine scientists and coastal managers were more supportive of ecological engineering than other users. There was also greater support for ecological engineering in Sydney and Melbourne than Hobart. Most people identified transport infrastructure, in busy transport hubs (i.e. Circular Quay in Sydney, the Port in Melbourne and the Waterfront in Hobart) as priorities for ecological engineering, irrespective of their stakeholder group or location. There were, however, significant differences among locations in what people perceive as the key priorities for ecological engineering (i.e. biodiversity in Sydney and Melbourne vs. pollution in Hobart). Greater consideration of these location-specific differences is essential for effective management of artificial structures and rehabilitated habitats in urban embayments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M A Strain
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - R L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M J Bishop
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - E Tanner
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - P Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C MacLeod
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - K A Alexander
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7014, Australia
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26
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Epstein G, Smale DA. Between-habitat variability in the population dynamics of a global marine invader may drive management uncertainty. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:488-500. [PMID: 30503460 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics of established invasive species is important for designing effective management measures and predicting factors such as invasiveness and ecological impact. The kelp Undaria pinnatifida has spread to most temperate regions of the world, however a basic understanding of population dynamics is lacking for many regions. Here, Undaria was monitored for 2 years, at 9 sites, across 3 habitats to investigate habitat-related variation in population structure, reproductive capacity and morphology. Populations on marina pontoons were distinct from those in reef habitats, with extended recruitment periods and higher abundance, biomass, maturation rates and fecundity; potentially driven by lower inter-specific and higher intra-specific competition within marinas. This suggests that artificial habitats are likely to facilitate the spread, proliferation and reproductive fitness of Undaria across its non-native range. More broadly, generalising population dynamics of invasive species across habitat types is problematic, thus adding high complexity to management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Epstein
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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Heery EC, Dafforn KA, Smith JA, Ushiama S, Mayer-Pinto M. Not all artificial structures are created equal: Pilings linked to greater ecological and environmental change in sediment communities than seawalls. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:286-294. [PMID: 30401483 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial structures are agents of change in marine ecosystems. They add novel habitat for hard-substrate organisms and modify the surrounding environment. Most research to date has focused on the communities living directly on artificial structures, and more research is needed on the potential impacts these structures have on nearby communities and the surrounding environment. We compared the sedimentary habitat surrounding two types of artificial structures (pilings and seawalls) to sediments adjacent to rocky reefs using a combination of traditional sediment analyses, stable isotope analysis, and environmental DNA. Artificial and natural shore sediments were best differentiated by sediment variables strongly associated with flow speed. Pilings sediments had significantly finer grain size, higher organic content, and generally lower C:N ratios than sediments adjacent to the other habitat types, suggesting flow is reduced by pilings. Sedimentary assemblages near pilings were also consistent with those predicted under low-flow conditions, with elevated bacterial colonization and increased relative abundances of small deposit feeders compared with other habitat types. Additionally, lumbrinerid polychaetes in pilings sediments had reduced δ15N values, suggesting different detrital resources and fewer trophic linkages compared with lumbrinerids in other habitats. Woody detritus was greater adjacent to seawalls than to natural rocky shores or pilings. Our findings suggest that artificial structures have the potential to influence adjacent soft sediments through changes to sediment properties that affect infaunal and microbial communities, as well as trophic linkages for some consumers. We hypothesize that this is due to a combination of altered flow, differing detrital subsidies, and differing adjacent land-use among habitat types. Managers should consider the potential for changed sediment properties and ecology when deciding where to build different types of artificial structures. Further manipulative experiments are needed to understand mechanisms of change and help manage the impacts of artificial structures on the seafloor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza C Heery
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - James A Smith
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Shinjiro Ushiama
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
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Mayer-Pinto M, Dafforn KA, Bugnot AB, Glasby TM, Johnston EL. Artificial structures alter kelp functioning across an urbanised estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:136-143. [PMID: 29778444 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of human impacts on natural habitats often focus on the abundance of component species, yet physiological and/or sub-lethal effects of stressors on functional attributes may be equally important to consider. Here we evaluated how artificial structures, an integral part of urbanisation in the marine environment, affects key functional properties of the habitat-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata. Given that stressors rarely occur in isolation, we assessed the effects of infrastructure across an urbanised estuary. Estuaries are ideal for studying how multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors influence potential impacts of infrastructure on habitat-forming species because these habitats usually face a wide range and levels of stressors. Here, we compared the abundance of habitat-forming macro-algae as well as the growth, erosion and photosynthetic activity of kelp in artificial and natural habitats across one of the largest urbanised estuaries in the word - Sydney Harbour. We predicted that effects of artificial structures on functional attributes of kelps would be stronger in the inner area of the Harbour, characterised by higher levels of human impacts and low flushing. Contrary to our predictions, we found that effects of infrastructure were consistent across the estuary, regardless of the ecological footprint caused by human activities or natural environmental gradients. When differences were observed between areas of the estuary, they mostly occurred independently of impacts of substrate type. Importantly, we found lower erosion rates of kelp on pilings than on reefs, likely resulting in lower production of detritus in estuaries where natural reefs are degraded or lost and pilings added. Such impacts have important implications for the connectivity among coastal habitats and secondary productivity in adjacent and remote habitats, which are highly dependent on the exportation of kelp detritus. Our study is the first to assess potential functional consequences of urbanisation through physiological and/or biomechanical effects on habitat-formers, an often overlooked mechanism of environmental impact on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mayer-Pinto
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia.
| | - K A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - A B Bugnot
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - T M Glasby
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia
| | - E L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Kenworthy JM, Rolland G, Samadi S, Lejeusne C. Local variation within marinas: Effects of pollutants and implications for invasive species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:96-106. [PMID: 30041398 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban structures like marinas are dominant features of our coasts, often hotspots for invasive species. The processes that govern the distribution of invasive species within and between marinas are not well understood. We therefore investigated the impacts of local-scale variability within and between marinas, analysing fouling communities at two zones (inner and outer) within three close marinas in accordance with pollutants recorded in the water and sediment. Communities varied between zones, however no significant differences in abundances of invasive species was recorded. The inner zones contained higher levels of copper and other pollutants and were correlated with lower biodiversity and abundances of many species in comparison to the outer zones. Only the native Ascidiella aspersa was found in greater abundances in the inner zones. This local-scale variability and how it impacts biodiversity is important for consideration for coastal managers in mitigating the build-up of pollutants and spread of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kenworthy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin AD2M UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France.
| | - Guillaume Rolland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin AD2M UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Sarah Samadi
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, ISYEB (UMR 7205 CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), CP26, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Lejeusne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin AD2M UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France.
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Lanham BS, Vergés A, Hedge LH, Johnston EL, Poore AGB. Altered fish community and feeding behaviour in close proximity to boat moorings in an urban estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:43-51. [PMID: 29680566 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal urbanization has led to large-scale transformation of estuaries, with artificial structures now commonplace. Boat moorings are known to reduce seagrass cover, but little is known about their effect on fish communities. We used underwater video to quantify abundance, diversity, composition and feeding behaviour of fish assemblages on two scales: with increasing distance from moorings on fine scales, and among locations where moorings were present or absent. Fish were less abundant in close proximity to boat moorings, and the species composition varied on fine scales, leading to lower predation pressure near moorings. There was no relationship at the location with seagrass. On larger scales, we detected no differences in abundance or community composition among locations where moorings were present or absent. These findings show a clear impact of moorings on fish and highlight the importance of fine-scale assessments over location-scale comparisons in the detection of the effects of artificial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan S Lanham
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia.
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke H Hedge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia
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Tait L, Inglis G, Seaward K. Enhancing passive sampling tools for detecting marine bioinvasions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:41-50. [PMID: 29571391 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early detection is important for successful management of invasive species, but optimising monitoring systems to detect multiple species from different taxonomic groups remains a major challenge. Settlement plates are often used to monitor non-indigenous marine species (NIMS) associated with vessel biofouling, but there have been few assessments of their fitness-for-purpose. We deployed arrays of settlement plates ("settlement arrays") containing combinations of treatments that reflected conditions associated with the vessel transport pathway (i.e., copper based antifouling coatings, shaded habitat) to determine the treatment combinations that maximised NIMS diversity. Horizontal (shaded) treatments preferentially sampled higher NIS diversity than vertical plates. Although plates with copper-based biocides had larger proportions of NIS to indigenous species, they sampled only a subset of NIS diversity. Overall diversity was greatly enhanced through use of multiple treatments, demonstrating benefits of multi-faceted sampling arrays for maximising the potential taxonomic and species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Tait
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand.
| | - Graeme Inglis
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand.
| | - Kimberley Seaward
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand.
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Environmental and ecological factors influencing the spillover of the non-native kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, from marinas into natural rocky reef communities. Biol Invasions 2018; 20:1049-1072. [PMID: 31258384 PMCID: PMC6560939 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The non-native kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, is considered one of the world’s worst invasive species. The northeast Atlantic is a hotspot of Undaria invasion, yet there is limited knowledge on its invasion dynamics. In the UK its distribution is strongly associated with artificial structures, primarily marina and harbour pontoons, with relatively few records of Undaria on natural substrates. Here, the southwest UK is used as a case region, to explicitly link Undaria distribution-abundance patterns in artificial marina habitats with those in natural rocky reef habitats. Using a mixture of in situ recording and video survey techniques, Undaria was found at all thirteen marina sites surveyed; but in only 17 of 35 rocky reef sites, all of which were in 2 of the 5 larger systems surveyed (Plymouth Sound and Torbay). The distribution-abundance patterns of Undaria at reef sites were analysed using zero-inflated models. The probability of finding Undaria on rocky reef increased with increasing proximity to marinas with high abundances of Undaria. Total propagule pressure from marinas also increased the probability of occurrence, and was positively related to Undaria abundance and cover at reef sites. Increases in the cover of native kelps, Laminaria spp., and wave exposure at reef sites were linked to a reduced probability of Undaria occurrence, and lower abundance and cover. Identifying high risk areas, natural boundaries and factors affecting the spread and abundance of non-native species in natural habitats is key to future management prioritisation. Where Undaria is confined to artificial substrates management may be deemed a low priority. However, the results of this study suggest that controlling the abundance and propagule pressure in artificial habitats may limit, to some extent, the spillover of Undaria into natural rocky reef habitats, where it has the potential to interact with and influence native communities.
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Strain EMA, Olabarria C, Mayer-Pinto M, Cumbo V, Morris RL, Bugnot AB, Dafforn KA, Heery E, Firth LB, Brooks PR, Bishop MJ. Eco-engineering urban infrastructure for marine and coastal biodiversity: Which interventions have the greatest ecological benefit? J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal; Facultade de Ciencias do Mar; Universidade de Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Vivian Cumbo
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Morris
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ana B. Bugnot
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Katherine A. Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eliza Heery
- Department of Biology; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Louise B. Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences; Plymouth University; Plymouth UK
| | - Paul R. Brooks
- School of Biology and Environmental Science; UCD Earth Institute; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Melanie J. Bishop
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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Ushiama S, Smith JA, Suthers IM, Lowry M, Johnston EL. The effects of substratum material and surface orientation on the developing epibenthic community on a designed artificial reef. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1049-1060. [PMID: 27626597 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1224860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reefs provide shelter and can be an important source of food for fish depending on the epibenthic community on the structure. The growth and diversity of this community is influenced by the substratum material and the surface orientation of the reef. Settlement plates of four materials (Perspex, sandstone, wood and steel) were deployed in three orientations (upwards, downwards and vertical) at a depth of 33 m on a designed artificial reef (DAR) off the coast of Sydney, Australia. After three months, the steel surfaces had lower invertebrate species richness, total abundance and diversity compared to other surfaces. Steel was not an ideal material for the initial recruitment and growth of epibenthic invertebrates. A longer duration would be required to develop a mature epibenthic community. Surface orientation had species-specific impacts. Surface material and orientation are important factors for developing epibenthic assemblages, and are thus likely to affect the broader artificial reef assemblage, including fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Ushiama
- a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - James A Smith
- a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Iain M Suthers
- a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Michael Lowry
- b Wild Fisheries Research Division , NSW Department of Primary Industries (Port Stephens Fisheries Institute) , Port Stephens , Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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Foster V, Giesler RJ, Wilson AMW, Nall CR, Cook EJ. Identifying the physical features of marina infrastructure associated with the presence of non-native species in the UK. MARINE BIOLOGY 2016; 163:173. [PMID: 27512234 PMCID: PMC4960282 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine invasive non-native species (NNS) are one of the greatest threats to global marine biodiversity, causing significant economic and social impacts. Marinas are increasingly recognised as key reservoirs for invasive NNS. They provide submersed artificial habitat that unintentionally supports the establishment of NNS introduced from visiting recreational vessels. While ballast water and shipping vectors have been well documented, the role of recreational vessels in spreading NNS has been relatively poorly studied. Identification of the main physical features found within marinas, which relate to the presence of NNS, is important to inform the development of effective biosecurity measures and prevent further spread. Towards this aim, physical features that could influence the presence of NNS were assessed for marinas throughout the UK in July 2013. Thirty-three marine and brackish NNS have been recorded in UK marinas, and of the 88 marinas studied in detail, 83 contained between 1 and 13 NNS. Significant differences in freshwater input, marina entrance width and seawall length were associated with the presence of NNS. Additionally, questionnaires were distributed to marina managers and recreational vessel owners to understand current biosecurity practices and attitudes to recreational vessel biosecurity. The main barriers to biosecurity compliance were cited as cost and time. Further work identifying easily distinguished features of marinas could be used as a proxy to assess risk of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Foster
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Rebecca J. Giesler
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93JW Scotland UK
| | | | - Christopher R. Nall
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Caithness KW14 7EE UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Cook
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
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Pineda MC, Lorente B, López-Legentil S, Palacín C, Turon X. Stochasticity in space, persistence in time: genetic heterogeneity in harbour populations of the introduced ascidian Styela plicata. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2158. [PMID: 27366653 PMCID: PMC4924124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal changes in genetic structure among populations provide crucial information on the dynamics of secondary spread for introduced marine species. However, temporal components have rarely been taken into consideration when studying the population genetics of non-indigenous species. This study analysed the genetic structure of Styela plicata, a solitary ascidian introduced in harbours and marinas of tropical and temperate waters, across spatial and temporal scales. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 395 individuals collected at 9 harbours along the NW Mediterranean coast and adjacent Atlantic waters (> 1,200 km range) at two time points 5 years apart (2009 and 2014). The levels of gene diversity were relatively low for all 9 locations in both years. Analyses of genetic differentiation and distribution of molecular variance revealed strong genetic structure, with significant differences among many populations, but no significant differences among years. A weak and marginally significant correlation between geographic distance and gene differentiation was found. Our results revealed spatial structure and temporal genetic homogeneity in S. plicata, suggesting a limited role of recurrent, vessel-mediated transport of organisms among small to medium-size harbours. Our study area is representative of many highly urbanized coasts with dense harbours. In these environments, the episodic chance arrival of colonisers appears to determine the genetic structure of harbour populations and the genetic composition of these early colonising individuals persists in the respective harbours, at least over moderate time frames (five years) that encompass ca. 20 generations of S. plicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems & Industry in Tropical Australia, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beatriz Lorente
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Susanna López-Legentil
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, North Carolina , United States
| | - Creu Palacín
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC) , Blanes, Girona , Spain
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Megina C, González-Duarte MM, López-González PJ. Benthic assemblages, biodiversity and invasiveness in marinas and commercial harbours: an investigation using a bioindicator group. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:465-475. [PMID: 26960078 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1151500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fouling communities on artificial marine structures are generally different from benthic communities in natural rocky habitats. However, they may also differ among different types of artificial structures. Two artificial structures in direct contact with arriving vessels were compared: floating pontoons within recreational marinas, and sea-walls within commercial harbours. Natural rocky habitats were used as a reference, and the genus Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) was chosen as a bioindicator. The assemblages were different among the three types of habitat studied, with different species characterising each habitat. The probability of finding an invasive Eudendrium species was significantly higher on pontoons. Diversity was the lowest on pontoons, but it was not significantly different between sea-walls and natural rocks. In general, a barrier to the spread of exotic species exists between harbours and natural rocky habitats. Floating pontoons seem to be a less suitable habitat for native fauna and a key element in marine biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Megina
- a Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología , Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain
| | - Manuel M González-Duarte
- b Center for Marine Conservation, Departamento de Ecología , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Pablo J López-González
- a Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología , Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain
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Ferrario F, Iveša L, Jaklin A, Perkol-Finkel S, Airoldi L. The overlooked role of biotic factors in controlling the ecological performance of artificial marine habitats. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ferrario
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
- Québec-Océan; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Center for Marine Research; G. Paliaga 5 52210 Rovinj Croatia
| | - Andrej Jaklin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Center for Marine Research; G. Paliaga 5 52210 Rovinj Croatia
| | - Shimrit Perkol-Finkel
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
- ECOncrete Tech LTD; 4 Yehoshua' Bin Nun Street 62643 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
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Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith JF, Barrett NS, Fowles AE, Hill NA, Cooper AT, Myers AP, Oh ES, Pocklington JB, Thomson RJ. Loss of native rocky reef biodiversity in Australian metropolitan embayments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:324-332. [PMID: 25882229 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urbanisation of the coastal zone represents a key threat to marine biodiversity, including rocky reef communities which often possess disproportionate ecological, recreational and commercial importance. The nature and magnitude of local urban impacts on reef biodiversity near three Australian capital cities were quantified using visual census methods. The most impacted reefs in urbanised embayments were consistently characterised by smaller, faster growing species, reduced fish biomass and richness, and reduced mobile invertebrate abundance and richness. Reef faunal distribution varied significantly with heavy metals, local population density, and proximity to city ports, while native fish and invertebrate communities were most depauperate in locations where invasive species were abundant. Our study adds impetus for improved urban planning and pollution management practises, while also highlighting the potential for skilled volunteers to improve the tracking of changes in marine biodiversity values and the effectiveness of management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Jemina F Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Amelia E Fowles
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Nicole A Hill
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Andrew P Myers
- OceanWatch Australia, Locked Bag 247, Pyrmont, NSW 2009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Oh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Jacqui B Pocklington
- Marine Plant Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Boosting Blue Growth in a Mild Sea: Analysis of the Synergies Produced by a Multi-Purpose Offshore Installation in the Northern Adriatic, Italy. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su7066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Airoldi L, Turon X, Perkol-Finkel S, Rius M. Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali; University of Bologna; Via S. Alberto 163 I-48123 Ravenna Italy
- Hopkins Marine Station; Stanford University; Pacific Grove CA 93950 USA
| | - Xavier Turon
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC); Accés a la Cala S. Francesc 14 17300 Blanes (Girona) Spain
| | - Shimrit Perkol-Finkel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali; University of Bologna; Via S. Alberto 163 I-48123 Ravenna Italy
- SeArc - Ecological Marine Consulting; 13 Namirover St. Tel Aviv 69713 Israel
| | - Marc Rius
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton; University of Southampton; European Way SO14 3ZH UK
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43
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Wetzel MA, Scholle J, Teschke K. Artificial structures in sediment-dominated estuaries and their possible influences on the ecosystem. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:125-135. [PMID: 24816192 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial substrates are omnipresent today in most estuaries mostly in form of massive rip-rap used for groynes and jetties. In the Weser estuary, Germany, 60% of the shoreline is covered with such artificial substrates while, natural rocky substrate is lacking, as in all Wadden Sea estuaries. This large quantity of artificial substrates may be colonized by a benthic hard-substrate community which differs from the local natural soft-substrate assemblage. In this study we examined species compositions, abundances, biomass, and numbers of species of subtidal benthic communities on groynes and in the natural habitat, the sediment, along the salinity gradient of the Weser estuary. Species composition changed on both substrates significantly with salinity and was also significantly different between the substrates. In a comparison with the sediment, the groynes did not provide any benefit for non-indigenous nor for endangered species in terms of abundance, biomass, and number of species, but represent habitats with higher total abundances and biomass; though some non-indigenous species even occurred exclusively on groynes. In particular, groynes supported filter-feeding organisms which play an important role by linking benthic and pelagic food webs. The dominance of the suspension feeders affects crucial estuarine ecosystem services and may have important implications for the estuarine management by altering the estuarine ecological quality status. Hence, artificial substrates should be considered in future conservation planning and in ecological quality monitoring of the benthic fauna according to the European Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Wetzel
- Department of Animal Ecology, German Federal Institute of Hydrology - BfG, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz - Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Jörg Scholle
- Bioconsult Schuchardt & Scholle GbR, Reeder-Bischoff-Straße 54, 28757 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Teschke
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Vaz-Pinto F, Torrontegi O, Prestes ACL, Alvaro NV, Neto AI, Martins GM. Invasion success and development of benthic assemblages: effect of timing, duration of submersion and substrate type. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 94:72-79. [PMID: 24374052 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that communities associated with artificial substrata support more non-indigenous species (NIS) than natural habitats, and may function as corridors for their expansion. Our study focused on the role of substrate type, timing and duration of submersion as determinants of fouling assemblage. We used plates made of basalt, concrete or fibreglass, to assess early, i.e., 3 months, and late, i.e., 12 months, succession in benthic communities. To assess spatial and temporal variability of the results, sampling was performed at 2 locations and the experiment was repeated in two seasons of the year. Our results showed that the timing and duration of submersion affected the number and percent cover of natives and NIS, as well as assemblage composition. Moreover, the present study showed no support for the hypothesis that marine NIS are more abundant on artificial substrata, as neither of the two artificial substrata tested supported a greater number of NIS compared to basalt (the natural substratum). Overall, fibreglass presented the most different benthic assemblage composition, supporting the fact that the extent and nature of the observed differences varied not only between natural and artificial substrata, but also according to the type of artificial habitat considered. Thus, our results are in agreement with previous studies that stated that appropriate strategies for environmental management should integrate ecological assessment in order to maintain natural patterns of distribution and abundance of organisms, scales of variability and relevant ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vaz-Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, n° 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - O Torrontegi
- Grupo de Biologia Marinha, CIRN & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A C L Prestes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, n° 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Biologia Marinha, CIRN & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - N V Alvaro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, n° 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Biologia Marinha, CIRN & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Clima, Meteorologia e Mudanças Globais, Pólo Universitário de Angra do Heroísmo, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - A I Neto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, n° 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Biologia Marinha, CIRN & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - G M Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, n° 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Biologia Marinha, CIRN & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Rivero NK, Dafforn KA, Coleman MA, Johnston EL. Environmental and ecological changes associated with a marina. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:803-815. [PMID: 23822594 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.805751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic modifications to waterways are common and their ecological consequences must be understood to effectively conserve local biodiversity. The facilitation of recreational boating activities often requires substantial alteration of natural areas, however the environmental and ecological consequences of such alterations are rarely described in the scientific literature. In this study, ecological and physico-chemical conditions were investigated in a recreational boating marina, located inside a marine park on the south-east coast of Australia. Recruitment panels were deployed for 8 weeks both inside and outside the marina, and differences in the composition of the developing fouling communities were observed. The recruitment of taxa, which often have short-lived larvae, was increased inside the marina (bryozoans, spirorbids and sponges) while the recruitment of taxa, which often have longer-lived larvae, was reduced or absent (barnacles, solitary ascidians and non-spirorbid polychaetes). Differences were also observed in environmental conditions inside the marina cf. directly outside. The marina environment had higher turbidity, temperature and pH along with higher concentrations of lead and copper in suspended sediments, while flow rates and trapped sediment loads were reduced inside the marina. The differences observed in the study suggest that there may be marked environmental changes associated with marina developments. The potential ecological consequences of these changes should be a primary consideration during the planning process, particularly for developments in locations of notable ecological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Rivero
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Kim TW, Micheli F. Decreased solar radiation and increased temperature combine to facilitate fouling by marine non-indigenous species. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:501-512. [PMID: 23668309 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.784964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of climate changes on marine biofouling have mainly focused on the effects of temperature increase, but a decrease in the level of solar radiation could also influence the establishment and persistence of fouling species. To test if decreased solar radiation and/or increased temperature influenced marine fouling communities, solar radiation, and temperature were manipulated by deploying shading devices in the intertidal zone of a central California estuary. Non-indigenous species (NIS) recruiting to artificial substrata had greater coverage under the shading treatments than under transparent plates, indicating that low radiation facilitates recruitment and growth of NIS. In contrast, the coverage of NIS underneath warmer black plates was higher than that on white plates. Furthermore, spatial comparisons of recruitment showed that NIS had a tendency to grow better in the warmer region of the estuary whereas native species showed the opposing trend. The results suggest that both lower radiation and higher temperature may facilitate the spread of marine NIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Kim
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA.
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Wiley P, Harris L, Reinsch S, Tozzi S, Embaye T, Clark K, McKuin B, Kolber Z, Adams R, Kagawa H, Richardson TMJ, Malinowski J, Beal C, Claxton MA, Geiger E, Rask J, Campbell JE, Trent JD. Microalgae Cultivation Using Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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