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Arowolo MT, Orababa OQ, Olaitan MO, Osibeluwo BV, Essiet UU, Batholomew OH, Ogunrinde OG, Lagoke OA, Soriwei JD, Ishola OD, Ezeani OM, Onishile AO, Olumodeji E. Prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287762. [PMID: 38015906 PMCID: PMC10684001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are effective drugs against bacterial pathogens and resistance to them is considered a great public health threat, especially in notorious nosocomial pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journal Online) were systematically searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2020 statements for articles reporting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) prevalence between 2012 and 2022. Pooled prevalence was determined with the random effect model and funnel plots were used to determine heterogeneity in R. A total of 47 articles were scanned for eligibility, among which 25 (14 for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and 11 for carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa) were included in the study after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of CRPA in the present study was estimated at 8% (95% CI; 0.02-0.17; I2 = 98%; P <0.01). There was high heterogeneity (Q = 591.71, I2 = 98.9%; P<0.0001). In addition, this study's pooled prevalence of CRAB was estimated at 20% (95% CI; 0.04-0.43; I2 = 99%; P <0.01). There was high heterogeneity (Q = 1452.57, I2 = 99%; P<0.0001). Also, a funnel plot analysis of the studies showed high degree of heterogeneity. The carbapenemase genes commonly isolated from A. baumannii in this study include blaOXA23, blaOXA48, blaGES., blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA24, blaOXA58, blaOXA51, blaSIM-1, blaOXA40, blaOXA66, blaOXA69, blaOXA91, with blaOXA23 and blaVIM being the most common. On the other hand, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA48, blaOXA51, blaSIM-1, blaOXA181, blaKPC, blaOXA23, blaOXA50 were the commonly isolated carbapenemase genes in P. aeruginosa, among which blaVIM and blaNDM genes were the most frequently isolated. Surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens in Sub-Saharan Africa is essential in reducing the region's disease burden. This study has shown that the region has significantly high multidrug-resistant pathogen prevalence. This is a wake-up call for policymakers to put in place measures to reduce the spread of these critical priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Difiye Soriwei
- Department of Public Health in Microbiology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Aminat Oyeronke Onishile
- Faculty of Health Studies, School of Nursing and Healthcare Leadership, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Olumodeji
- Department of Biology, Texas Women University, Denton, TX, United States of America
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Ramkisson T, Rip D. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales from agricultural, environmental and clinical origins: South Africa in a global context. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:668-691. [PMID: 38173973 PMCID: PMC10758576 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem agents are regarded as last-resort antibiotics, however, bacterial resistance towards carbapenems has been reported in both clinical and agricultural settings worldwide. Carbapenem resistance, defined as the resistance of a bacteria towards one or more carbapenem drugs, can be mediated in either of, or a combination of, three mechanisms-although, the mechanism mediated through the production of carbapenemases (β-lactamases that are able to enzymatically degrade carbapenems) is of most significance. Of particular concern is the occurrence of carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE), with literature describing a dramatic increase in resistance globally. In South Africa, increases of carbapenemase activity occurring in Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have recently been reported. CPE can also be found in agricultural environments, as global studies have documented numerous instances of CPE presence in various animals such as pigs, cattle, seafood, horses and dogs. However, most reports of CPE occurrence in agricultural settings come from Northern America, Europe and some parts of Asia, where more extensive research has been conducted to understand the CPE phenomenon. In comparison to clinical data, there are limited studies investigating the spread of CPE in agricultural settings in Africa, highlighting the importance of monitoring CPE in livestock environments and the food chain. Further research is necessary to uncover the true extent of CPE dissemination in South Africa. This review will discuss the phenomenon of bacterial antibiotic resistance (ABR), the applications of the carbapenem drug and the occurrence of carbapenem resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taish Ramkisson
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Muzahid NH, Hussain MH, Huët MAL, Dwiyanto J, Su TT, Reidpath D, Mustapha F, Ayub Q, Tan HS, Rahman S. Molecular characterization and comparative genomic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the community and the hospital: an epidemiological study in Segamat, Malaysia. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37018035 PMCID: PMC10210948 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections around the world. However, little is known about the persistence and dynamics of A. baumannii in a healthy community. This study investigated the role of the community as a prospective reservoir for A. baumannii and explored possible links between hospital and community isolates. A total of 12 independent A. baumannii strains were isolated from human faecal samples from the community in Segamat, Malaysia, in 2018 and 2019. Another 15 were obtained in 2020 from patients at the co-located tertiary public hospital. The antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm formation ability were analysed, and the relatedness of community and hospital isolates was determined using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Antibiotic profile analysis revealed that 12 out of 15 hospital isolates were MDR, but none of the community isolates were MDR. However, phylogenetic analysis based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a pangenome analysis of core genes showed clustering between four community and two hospital strains. Such clustering of strains from two different settings based on their genomes suggests that these strains could persist in both. WGS revealed 41 potential resistance genes on average in the hospital strains, but fewer (n=32) were detected in the community strains. In contrast, 68 virulence genes were commonly seen in strains from both sources. This study highlights the possible transmission threat to public health posed by virulent A. baumannii present in the gut of asymptomatic individuals in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Hasan Muzahid
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Md Hamed Hussain
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Jacky Dwiyanto
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) and Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Reidpath
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) and Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Mustapha
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Segamat, Jalan Genuang, Bandar Putra, 85000, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Qasim Ayub
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hock Siew Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Expression of Concern: Carbapenem Resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii in Senegal: The Paradigm of a Common Phenomenon in Natural Reservoirs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277635. [PMID: 36512565 PMCID: PMC9747016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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5
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Ouarti B, Fonkou DMM, Houhamdi L, Mediannikov O, Parola P. Lice and lice-borne diseases in humans in Africa: a narrative review. Acta Trop 2022; 237:106709. [PMID: 36198330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lice are host-specific insects. Human lice include Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice) which are known to be vectors of serious human bacterial infectious diseases including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, trench fever and plague; Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) that frequently affect children; and Pthirus pubis, commonly known as crab lice. In Africa, human infections transmitted by lice remained poorly known and therefore, underestimated, perhaps due to the lack of diagnostic tools and professional knowledge. In this paper we review current knowledge of the microorganisms identified in human lice in the continent of Africa, in order to alert health professionals to the importance of recognising the risk of lice-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ouarti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Linda Houhamdi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Adelman ZN, Kojin BB. Malaria-Resistant Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae); The Principle is Proven, But Will the Effectors Be Effective? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1997-2005. [PMID: 34018548 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, a substantial number of anti-malarial effector genes have been evaluated for their ability to block parasite infection in the mosquito vector. While many of these approaches have yielded significant effects on either parasite intensity or prevalence of infection, just a few have been able to completely block transmission. Additionally, many approaches, while effective against the parasite, also disrupt or alter important aspects of mosquito physiology, leading to corresponding changes in lifespan, reproduction, and immunity. As the most promising approaches move towards field-based evaluation, questions of effector gene robustness and durability move to the forefront. In this forum piece, we critically evaluate past effector gene approaches with an eye towards developing a deeper pipeline to augment the current best candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology and AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bianca B Kojin
- Department of Entomology and AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Raoult D, Hadjadj L, Baron SA, Rolain JM. Role of glyphosate in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria? J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1655-1657. [PMID: 33893490 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a discrepancy between antibiotic use in medicine and agriculture in the intertropical zone and frequency of antibiotic resistance in clinical bacteria in these countries. We provide evidence that glyphosate (a herbicide but also an antibiotic drug) could be a possible driver of antibiotic resistance in countries where this herbicide is widely used because of modification of the microbial environment. Emergence of resistance in bacteria and fungi is correlated with glyphosate use in the world over the last 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Institut Hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- Institut Hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Institut Hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
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8
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Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Haplogroup E Human Lice in Guinea, West Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020257. [PMID: 33513865 PMCID: PMC7911403 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediculus humanus capitis, the head louse, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that occurs in six divergent mitochondrial clades (A, D, B, F, C and E). Several studies reported the presence of different pathogenic agents in head lice specimens collected worldwide. These findings suggest that head louse could be a dangerous vector and a serious public health problem. Herein, we aimed to study the mitochondrial genetic diversity, the PHUM540560 gene polymorphisms profile of head lice collected in Guinea, as well as to screen for their associated pathogens. In 2018, a total of 155 head lice were collected from 49 individuals at the Medicals Centers of rural (Maférinyah village) and urban (Kindia city) areas, in Guinea. Specimens were subjected to a genetic analysis and pathogens screening using molecular tools. Results showed that all head lice belonged to eight haplotypes in the E haplogroup, with six newly identified for the first time. The study of the PHUM540560 gene polymorphisms of our clade E-head lice revealed that 82.5% exhibited the same polymorphism profile as the previously reported clade A-body lice. Screening for targeted pathogens revealed the presence of Acinetobacter spp., while sequencing highlighted the presence of several species, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter variabilis, Acinetobacter towneri and for the first time Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Our study is the first to report the existence of the Guinean haplogroup E, the PHUM540560 gene polymorphism profile as well as the presence of Acinetobacter species in head lice collected from Guinea.
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Łopińska A, Indykiewicz P, Skiebe E, Pfeifer Y, Trček J, Jerzak L, Minias P, Nowakowski J, Ledwoń M, Betleja J, Wilharm G. Low Occurrence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Gulls and Songbirds. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:1-6. [PMID: 32162853 PMCID: PMC7256842 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide occurring nosocomial pathogen, the natural habitats of which remain to be defined. Recently, white stork nestlings have been described as a recurring source of A. baumannii. Here, we challenged the hypothesis of a general preference of A. baumannii for avian hosts. Taking advantage of campaigns to ring free-living birds, we collected cloacal swab samples from 741 black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, tracheal and cloacal swabs from 285 songbirds in Poland as well as tracheal swabs from 25 songbirds in Slovenia and screened those for the growth of A. baumannii on CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter. Of the 1,051 samples collected only two yielded A. baumannii isolates. Each carried one variant of the blaOXA-51-like gene, i.e. OXA-71 and OXA-208, which have been described previously in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. In conclusion, our data do not support a general preference of A. baumannii for avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andżelina Łopińska
- Robert Koch Institute , Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode , Germany ; Institute of Biological Sciences , University of Zielona Góra , Zielona Góra , Poland
| | - Piotr Indykiewicz
- Department of Biology and Animal Environment , Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology , UTP University of Science and Technology , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Evelyn Skiebe
- Robert Koch Institute , Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode , Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Robert Koch Institute , Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode , Germany
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology , Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , University of Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia
| | - Leszek Jerzak
- Institute of Biological Sciences , University of Zielona Góra , Zielona Góra , Poland
| | - Piotr Minias
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Łódź , Łódź , Poland
| | - Jacek Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection , Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Mateusz Ledwoń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jacek Betleja
- Upper Silesian Museum , Department of Natural History , Bytom , Poland
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Acinetobacter baumannii as a community foodborne pathogen: Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, genotypic of biofilm formation and phenotypic pattern of antimicrobial resistance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1158-1166. [PMID: 33424412 PMCID: PMC7783781 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most common Gram-negative pathogens that represent a major threat to human life. Because the prevalence of Multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming A. baumannii is increasing all over the world, this may lead to outbreaks of hospital infections. Nonetheless, the role of raw meat as a reservoir for A. baumannii remains unclear. Here our research was aimed to exhibit the frequency, precise identification, and genotyping of biofilm-related genes as well as antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii isolates of raw meat specimens. Fifty-five A. baumannii strains were recovered from 220 specimens of different animal meat and then identified by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting Technique (PMFT). All identified isolates were genotyped by the qPCR method for the existence of biofilm-related genes (ompA, bap, blaPER-1, csuE, csgA, and fimH). In addition, the antimicrobial resistance against A. baumannii was detected by the Kirby-Bauer method. Based on our findings, the frequency rate of 55 A. baumannii isolates was 46.55%, 32.50%, 15.00%, and 9.68% of sheep, chicken, cow, and camel raw meat samples, respectively. The PMFT was able to identify all strains by 100%. the percentages of csuE, ompA, blaPER-1, bap, and csgA genes in biofilm and non-biofilm producer A. baumannii were 72.73%, 60%, 58.2%, 52.74%, and 25.45%, respectively. In contrast, the fimH was not detected in all non-biofilm and biofilm producer strains. The ompA, bap, blaPER-1, csgA were detected only in biofilm-producing A. baumannii isolates. The maximum degree of resistance was observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (89.10%), gentamicin (74.55%), tetracycline (72.73%), ampicillin (65.45%), and tobramycin (52.73%). In conclusion, our investigation demonstrated the high incidence of multi-drug resistant A. baumannii in raw meat samples, with a high existence of biofilm-related virulence genes of ompA, bap, blaPER-1, csgA. Therefore, it has become necessary to take the control measures to limit the development of A. baumannii.
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Shah DH, Board MM, Crespo R, Guard J, Paul NC, Faux C. The occurrence of Salmonella, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria in a backyard poultry flock environment. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:742-753. [PMID: 32710700 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increase in the number of small-scale backyard poultry flocks in the USA has substantially increased human-to-live poultry contact, leading to increased public health risks of the transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) zoonotic and food-borne bacteria. The objective of this study was to detect the occurrence of Salmonella and MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in the backyard poultry flock environment. A total of 34 backyard poultry flocks in Washington State (WA) were sampled. From each flock, one composite coop sample and three drag swabs from nest floor, waterer-feeder, and a random site with visible faecal smearing, respectively, were collected. The samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella and other fermenting and non-fermenting GNB under ceftiofur selection. Each isolate was identified to species level using MALDI-TOFF and tested for resistance against 16 antibiotics belonging to eight antibiotic classes. Salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- was isolated from one (3%) out of 34 flocks. Additionally, a total of 133 ceftiofur resistant (CefR ) GNB including Escherichia coli (53), Acinetobacter spp. (45), Pseudomonas spp. (22), Achromobacter spp. (8), Bordetella trematum (1), Hafnia alvei (1), Ochrobactrum intermedium (1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (1), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1) were isolated. Of these, 110 (82%) isolates displayed MDR. Each flock was found positive for the presence of one or more CefR GNB. Several MDR E. coli (n = 15) were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Carbapenem resistance was detected in non-fermenting GNB including Acinetobacter spp. (n = 20), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 11) and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (n = 1). ESBL positive E. coli and carbapenem resistant non-fermenting GNB are widespread in the backyard poultry flock environment in WA State. These GNB are known to cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of these GNB in the backyard poultry flock settings is needed to identify potential risks of transmission to people in proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Melissa M Board
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jean Guard
- US National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Narayan C Paul
- Texas A & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Faux
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Anane A Y, Apalata T, Vasaikar S, Okuthe GE, Songca S. Prevalence and molecular analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the extra-hospital environment in Mthatha, South Africa. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:371-380. [PMID: 31706742 PMCID: PMC9428220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) A. baumannii in the extra-hospital environment in Mthatha, South Africa and to investigate the frequency of carbapenemase-encoding genes. Material and Methods From August 2016 to July 2017 a total of 598 abattoir samples and 689 aquatic samples were collected and analyzed presumptively by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii using CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter medium. Species identification was performed by autoSCAN-4 (Dade Behring Inc., IL) and confirmed by the detection of their intrinsic blaOXA-51 gene. Confirmed MDR A. baumannii isolates were screened for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes, ISAba1 insertion sequence and integrase intI1. Results In total, 248 (19.3%) Acinetobacter species were isolated. Acinetobacter. baumannii was detected in 183 (73.8%) of which 85 (46.4%) and 98 (53.6%) were recovered from abattoir and aquatic respectively. MDR A. baumannii was detected in 56.5% (48/85) abattoir isolates and 53.1% (52/98) aquatic isolates. Isolates showed high resistance to antimicrobials most frequently used to treat Acinetobacter infections such as piperacillin/tazobactam; abattoir (98% of isolates resistant), aquatic (94% of isolates resistant), ceftazidime (84%, 83%), ciprofloxacin (71%, 70%), amikacin (41%, 42%), imipenem (75%, 73%), and meropenem (74%, 71%). All the isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. All the isolates carried blaOXA-51-like. The blaOXA-23 was detected in 32 (66.7%) abattoir isolates and 11 (21.2%) aquatic isolates. The blaOXA-58-like was positive in 7 (14.6%) and 4 (7.7%) abattoir and aquatic isolates, respectively. Both groups of isolates lacked blaOXA-24-like, blaIMP-type, blaVIM-type, blaNDM-1,blaSIM, blaAmpC, ISAba1 and inI1. Isolates showed high level of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) ranging from 0.20-0.52. Conclusion Extra-hospital sources such as abattoir and aquatic environments may be a vehicle of spread of MDR A. baumannii strains in the community and hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Anane A
- Walter Sisulu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Teke Apalata
- Nelson Mandela Central Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Division of Medical Microbiology, Mthatha, South Africa.
| | - Sandeep Vasaikar
- Walter Sisulu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Central Hospital, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Division of Medical Microbiology, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Grace Emily Okuthe
- Walter Sisulu University, Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Sandile Songca
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Durban, South Africa
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Wood CR, Squire MS, Finley NL, Page RC, Actis LA. Structural and functional analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii BlsA photoreceptor and regulatory protein. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220918. [PMID: 31415622 PMCID: PMC6695109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Acinetobacter baumannii BlsA photoreceptor has an N-terminal (NT) BLUF domain and a C-terminal (CT) amino acid sequence with no significant homology to characterized bacterial proteins. In this study, we tested the biological role of specific residues located in these BlsA regions. Site-directed mutagenesis, surface motility assays at 24°C and protein overexpression showed that residues Y7, Q51 and W92 are essential for not only light-regulated motility, but also BlsA's solubility when overexpressed in a heterologous host. In contrast, residues A29 and F32, the latter representing a difference when compared with other BLUF-containing photoreceptors, do not play a major role in BlsA's biological functions. Analysis of the CT region showed that the deletion of the last five BlsA residues has no significant effect on the protein's light-sensing and motility regulatory functions, but the deletion of the last 14 residues as well as K144E and K145E substitutions significantly alter light-regulated motility responses. In contrast to the NT mutants, these CT derivatives were overexpressed and purified to homogeneity to demonstrate that although these mutations do not significantly affect flavin binding and photocycling, they do affect BlsA's photodynamic properties. Notably, these mutations map within a potential fifth α-helical component that could play a role in predicted interactions between regulatory partners and BlsA, which could function as a monomer according to gel filtration data. All these observations indicate that although BlsA shares common structural and functional properties with unrelated photoreceptors, it also exhibits unique features that make it a distinct BLUF photoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily R. Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mariah S. Squire
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natosha L. Finley
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Eremeeva ME, Warang SS, Anderson ML, Capps D, Zohdy S, Durden LA. Molecular Survey for Pathogens and Markers of Permethrin Resistance in Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Madagascar. J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/18-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Eremeeva
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
| | - Shamta S. Warang
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
| | - Matthew L. Anderson
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
| | - Danielle Capps
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Lance A. Durden
- College of Science and Mathematics, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042-1, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
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15
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Tavakol M, Momtaz H, Mohajeri P, Shokoohizadeh L, Tajbakhsh E. Genotyping and distribution of putative virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from raw meat. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 30323923 PMCID: PMC6172801 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii strains with multiple antimicrobial resistance are primarily known as opportunistic nosocomial bacteria but they may also be regarded as emerging bacterial contaminants of food samples of animal origin. Here we aimed to study the molecular characteristics of the A. baumanni strains isolated from raw meat samples. Methods A total of 22 A. baumanni strains were isolated from 126 animal meat samples and were genotyped by ERIC-PCR method and by PCR detection of their virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. A. baumannii strains with 80% and more similarities were considered as one cluster. Results Sixteen different genetic clusters were found amongst the 22 A. baumanni strains. Of the 22 strains, 12 (54.54%) had similar genetic cluster. A. baumannii strains exhibited the highest percentage of resistance against tetracycline (90.90%), trimethoprim (59.09%), cotrimoxazole (54.54%) and gentamicin (50.00%). TetA (81.81%), tetB (72.72%), dfrA1 (63.63%), aac(3)-IV (63.63%), sul1 (63.63%) and aadA1 (45.45%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. FimH (81.81%), afa/draBC (63.63%), csgA (63.63%), cnf1 (59.09%), cnf2 (54.54%) and iutA (50.00%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors. A. baumannii strains isolated from the chicken meat samples had the highest similarities in the genetic cluster. Conclusions A. baumannii strains with similar genetic cluster (ERIC-Type) had the same prevalence of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. Genetic cluster of the A. baumannii strains is the main factor affected the similarities in the genotypic and phenotypic properties of the A. baumannii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tavakol
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO. Box: 166, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO. Box: 166, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parviz Mohajeri
- 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,3Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leili Shokoohizadeh
- 4Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO. Box: 166, Shahrekord, Iran
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16
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Adewoyin MA, Okoh AI. The natural environment as a reservoir of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:265-272. [PMID: 29982240 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, which are oxidase-negative, exhibiting a twitching motility under a magnifying lens. Besides being important soil microorganisms, due to their contribution to the soil fertility, Acinetobacter species, particularly A. baumannii, hold a prominent place within the genus because, it is the most virulent among the other species, causing varying degrees of human infections in clinical environments. However, results of different research have shown that Acinetobacter species can be isolated from such natural environments as surface water, wastewater and sewage, healthy human skin, plant, animal and food material as well as domestic appliances. The presence of some other Acinetobacter species in the natural environment has been associated with beneficial roles including soil improvement, detoxification of oil spillages and as microflora in human and plant bodies. In this paper, we carried out an overview of various natural ecological niches as reservoirs of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Adewoyin
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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17
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A Light-Regulated Type I Pilus Contributes to Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm, Motility, and Virulence Functions. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00442-18. [PMID: 29891547 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00442-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 showed that the expression of A1S_2091 was enhanced in cells cultured in darkness at 24°C through a process that depended on the BlsA photoreceptor. Disruption of A1S_2091, a component of the A1S_2088-A1S_2091 polycistronic operon predicted to code for a type I chaperone/usher pilus assembly system, abolished surface motility and pellicle formation but significantly enhanced biofilm formation on plastic by bacteria cultured in darkness. Based on these observations, the A1S_2088-A1S_2091 operon was named the photoregulated pilus ABCD (prpABCD) operon, with A1S_2091 coding for the PrpA pilin subunit. Unexpectedly, comparative analyses of ATCC 17978 and prpA isogenic mutant cells cultured at 37°C showed the expression of light-regulated biofilm biogenesis and motility functions under a temperature condition that drastically affects BlsA production and its light-sensing activity. These assays also suggest that ATCC 17978 cells produce alternative light-regulated adhesins and/or pilus systems that enhance bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation at both 24°C and 37°C on plastic as well as on the surface of polarized A549 alveolar epithelial cells, where the formation of bacterial filaments and cell chains was significantly enhanced. The inactivation of prpA also resulted in a significant reduction in virulence when tested by using the Galleria mellonella virulence model. All these observations provide strong evidence showing the capacity of A. baumannii to sense light and interact with biotic and abiotic surfaces using undetermined alternative sensing and regulatory systems as well as alternative adherence and motility cellular functions that allow this pathogen to persist in different ecological niches.
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18
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Oguntomole O, Nwaeze U, Eremeeva ME. Tick-, Flea-, and Louse-Borne Diseases of Public Health and Veterinary Significance in Nigeria. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:E3. [PMID: 30274402 PMCID: PMC6136614 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are common high-impact diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. However, other non-mosquito vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) may share their geographic distribution, seasonality, and clinical manifestations, thereby contributing their share to the morbidity and mortality caused by febrile illnesses in these regions. The purpose of this work was to collect and review existing information and identify knowledge gaps about tick, flea-, and louse-borne diseases of veterinary and public health significance in Nigeria. Full-length articles about VBPs were reviewed and relevant information about the vectors, their hosts, geographic distribution, seasonality, and association(s) with human or veterinary diseases was extracted. Specific laboratory tools used for detection and identification of VBPs in Nigeria were also identified. A total of 62 original publications were examined. Substantial information about the prevalence and impacts of ticks and fleas on pet and service dogs (18 articles), and livestock animals (23 articles) were available; however, information about their association with and potential for causing human illnesses was largely absent despite the zoonotic nature of many of these peri-domestic veterinary diseases. Recent publications that employed molecular methods of detection demonstrated the occurrence of several classic (Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia africae, Bartonella sp.) and emerging human pathogens (R. aeschlimannii, Neoehrlichia mikurensis) in ticks and fleas. However, information about other pathogens often found in association with ticks (R. conorii) and fleas (R. typhi, R. felis) across the African continent was lacking. Records of louse-borne epidemic typhus in Nigeria date to 1947; however, its current status is not known. This review provides an essential baseline summary of the current knowledge in Nigeria of non-mosquito VBPs, and should stimulate improvements in the surveillance of the veterinary and human diseases they cause in Nigeria. Due to increasing recognition of these diseases in other African countries, veterinary and public health professionals in Nigeria should expand the list of possible diseases considered in patients presenting with fever of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Oguntomole
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, Statesboro, GA 30458-8015, USA.
| | - Ugochukwu Nwaeze
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, Statesboro, GA 30458-8015, USA.
| | - Marina E Eremeeva
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, Statesboro, GA 30458-8015, USA.
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19
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Wilharm G, Skiebe E, Higgins PG, Poppel MT, Blaschke U, Leser S, Heider C, Heindorf M, Brauner P, Jäckel U, Böhland K, Cuny C, Łopińska A, Kaminski P, Kasprzak M, Bochenski M, Ciebiera O, Tobółka M, Żołnierowicz KM, Siekiera J, Seifert H, Gagné S, Salcedo SP, Kaatz M, Layer F, Bender JK, Fuchs S, Semmler T, Pfeifer Y, Jerzak L. Relatedness of wildlife and livestock avian isolates of the nosocomial pathogenAcinetobacter baumanniito lineages spread in hospitals worldwide. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4349-4364. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Wilharm
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Evelyn Skiebe
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Paul G. Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; University of Cologne; Cologne D-50935 Germany
- Partner site Bonn-Cologne; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Germany
| | - Marie T. Poppel
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Ulrike Blaschke
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Sarah Leser
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Christine Heider
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Magdalena Heindorf
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Paul Brauner
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstr. 40-42; Berlin D-10317 Germany
| | - Udo Jäckel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstr. 40-42; Berlin D-10317 Germany
| | | | - Christiane Cuny
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Andżelina Łopińska
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Piotr Kaminski
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection; M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Mariusz Kasprzak
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Marcin Bochenski
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Olaf Ciebiera
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Marcin Tobółka
- Institute of Zoology; Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C; 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Katarzyna M. Żołnierowicz
- Institute of Zoology; Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C; 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | | | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; University of Cologne; Cologne D-50935 Germany
- Partner site Bonn-Cologne; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Germany
| | - Stéphanie Gagné
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry; University of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5086; Lyon F-69367 France
| | - Suzana P. Salcedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry; University of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5086; Lyon F-69367 France
| | - Michael Kaatz
- Vogelschutzwarte Storchenhof Loburg e.V, Chausseestr. 18; Loburg D-39279 Germany
| | - Franziska Layer
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Jennifer K. Bender
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Wernigerode Branch; Robert Koch Institute, Burgstr. 37; Wernigerode D-38855 Germany
| | - Leszek Jerzak
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 1; 65-561 Zielona Góra Poland
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20
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Duan DY, Liu GH, Cheng TY, Wang YQ. Microbial population analysis of the midgut of Melophagus ovinus via high-throughput sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:382. [PMID: 28793927 PMCID: PMC5550933 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melophagus ovinus, one of the most common haematophagous ectoparasites of sheep, can cause anaemia and reductions in weight gain, wool growth and hide value. However, no information is available about the microfloral structure of the midgut of this ectoparasite. In the present study, we investigated the microbial community structure of the midgut contents of fully engorged female and male M. ovinus using Illumina HiSeq. Results The phylum showing the highest abundance was Proteobacteria (99.9%). The dominant bacterial genera in females and males were Bartonella, Arsenophonus and Wolbachia. Some less abundant bacterial genera were also detected, including Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Halomonas, Shewanella, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Conclusions Bartonella, Arsenophonus and Wolbachia were the dominant bacterial genera in the midgut of female and male M. ovinus. Although detected, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Halomonas, Shewanella, Bacillus and Staphylococcus showed low abundances. Importantly, this is the first report of the presence of Arsenophonus, Wolbachia, Enterobacter, Halomonas, Shewanella, Bacillus and Staphylococcus in the midgut of M. ovinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Tian-Yin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
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21
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Eremeeva ME, Capps D, Winful EB, Warang SS, Braswell SE, Tokarevich NK, Bonilla DL, Durden LA. Molecular Markers of Pesticide Resistance and Pathogens in Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) From Rural Georgia, USA. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1067-1072. [PMID: 28399311 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, and body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L., both have a worldwide distribution, the occurrence of head louse pediculosis appears to be more prevalent in modern societies despite systematic use of various pediculicides. This study tested head lice collected in rural Georgia and body lice collected in Russia for the prevalence of a kdr-biomarker that is associated with permethrin resistance. This study also screened lice for the presence of DNA from Bartonella quintana and Acinetobacter species. The kdr-permethrin resistance biomarker for the T917I mutation was detected by RFLP and PCR in 99.9% of head lice tested from Georgia, whereas only 2.9% of body lice from Russia tested positive for this kdr biomarker. DNA of B. quintana was detected in 10.3% of head lice from Georgia, whereas 84.8% of body lice from Russia tested positive. Acinetobacter DNA was detected in 80.8% (95% CI, 68-89%) of head lice from Georgia and all body lice from Russia tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E Eremeeva
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Danielle Capps
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Emmanuel B Winful
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Shamta S Warang
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Sarah E Braswell
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | | | | | - Lance A Durden
- College of Science and Mathematics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
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22
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Mana N, Louni M, Parola P, Bitam I. Human head lice and pubic lice reveal the presence of several Acinetobacter species in Algiers, Algeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 53:33-39. [PMID: 28750865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are two majorspecies of medically important lice that parasitize humans: Phthirus pubis, found in pubic hair, and Pediculus humanus. Pediculus humanus consists of two eco types that live in specific niches on the human host: body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), found on the human body and clothing, and head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), found on the scalp. To date, only body lice are known to be vectors of human disease; however, it has recently been reported that the DNA of several bacterial agents has been detected in head lice, raising questions about their role in the transmission of pathogens. This issue caught our attention, in addition to the fact that the pathogenic bacteria associated with P. pubis and P. humanus capitis have never been investigated in Algeria. To investigate this,molecular techniques (real-time PCR) were used to screen for the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia prowazekii DNA from P. humanus capitis (64 lice) collected from schoolchildren,and P. pubis (4 lice),collected from one adultman living in Algiers. Positive samples for Acinetobacter spp.were identified by sequencing therpoBgene. Conventional PCR targeting the partial Cytb gene was used to determine the phylogenetic clade of the collected lice. Of the 64 samples collected, Acinetobacter spp. DNA was detected in 17/64 (27%) of head lice, identified as: A. baumannii (14%), A. johnsonii (11%) and A. variabilis (2%). Of the four P. pubissamples, 2(50%) were positive for A. johnsonii. The phylogenetic tree based on the Cytb gene revealed that P. humanus capitis were grouped into clades A and B. In this study, we report andidentify for the first time Acinetobacter spp.in Algerian P. pubis and P. humanus capitis. The detection of the genus Acinetobacter in lice should not be underestimated, especially in P. humanus capitis, which is distributed worldwide. However, additional epidemiological data are required to determine if human lice may act as an environmental reservoir and are actively involved in the propagation of these bacteria to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Mana
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions et Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Louni
- Laboratoire de Valorisation et Conservation des Ressources Biologiques (VALCORE), Faculté des Sciences, Université M'Hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Philippe Parola
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar), Inserm 1095, AP-HM Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions et Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratoire de Valorisation et Conservation des Ressources Biologiques (VALCORE), Faculté des Sciences, Université M'Hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, Algeria; Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar), Inserm 1095, AP-HM Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agro-Alimentaires, Algiers, Algeria.
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Morakchi H, Loucif L, Gacemi-Kirane D, Rolain JM. Molecular characterisation of carbapenemases in urban pigeon droppings in France and Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 9:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hleba L, Kmeť V, Tóth T, Kačániová M. Resistance in bacteria and indirect beta-lactamase detection in E. coli isolated from Culex pipiens detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:64-69. [PMID: 27726502 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1229466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was detections of antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanism in bacteria isolated from mosquitos (Culex pipiens) living near humans. Therefore, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from Culex pipiens was investigated by disk diffusion test and MIC E-test in this study. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used for detection of resistant mechanism. In this study, hydrolytic breakdown products after a few hours of incubation of the bacteria isolated from Culex pipiens were detected. Results show that enzymatic destruction of ampicillin by beta-lactamases is able to be detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry from wild strains of potential pathogens. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is useful method for routine detection of beta-lactamases resistant mechanism, but overnight incubation of pure culture is necessary. The results are important for proper and fast intervention to limit the spread of beta-lactamase-producing wild bacteria and provide information for appropriate initial therapy of the infections caused by these microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Hleba
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Kmeť
- b Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Science , Soltesovej, Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Tóth
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovakia
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Acquisition of a High Diversity of Bacteria during the Hajj Pilgrimage, Including Acinetobacter baumannii with blaOXA-72 and Escherichia coli with blaNDM-5 Carbapenemase Genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5942-8. [PMID: 27458222 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00669-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilgrims returning from the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) can be carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Pharyngeal and rectal swab samples were collected from 98 pilgrims before and after they traveled to the Hajj in 2014 to investigate the acquisition of MDR bacteria. The bacterial diversity in pharyngeal swab samples was assessed by culture with selective media. There was a significantly higher diversity of bacteria in samples collected after the return from the Hajj than in those collected before (P = 0.0008). Surprisingly, Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from 16 pharyngeal swab samples (1 sample taken during the Hajj and 15 samples taken upon return) and 26 post-Hajj rectal swab samples, while none were isolated from samples taken before the Hajj. Testing of all samples by real-time PCR targeting blaOXA-51 gave positive results for only 1% of samples taken during the Hajj, 21/90 (23.3%) pharyngeal swab samples taken post-Hajj, and 35/90 (38.9%) rectal swab samples taken post-Hajj. One strain of A. baumannii isolated from the pharynx was resistant to imipenem and harbored a blaOXA-72 carbapenemase gene. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of 43 A. baumannii isolates revealed a huge diversity of 35 sequence types (STs), among which 18 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. Moreover, we also found one Escherichia coli isolate, collected from a rectal swab sample from a pilgrim taken after the Hajj, which harbored blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, and aadA2 (ST2659 and ST181). In conclusion, pilgrims are at a potential risk of acquiring and transmitting MDR Acinetobacter spp. and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria during the Hajj season.
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Al Atrouni A, Hamze M, Rafei R, Eveillard M, Joly-Guillou ML, Kempf M. Diversity of Acinetobacter species isolated from different environments in Lebanon: a nationwide study. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1147-56. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the extrahospital reservoirs of Acinetobacter spp. in Lebanon. Materials & methods: Two thousand three hundred and sixty-one samples from different ecological niches were analyzed by culture methods. Species identification was confirmed by rpoB-gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize the Acinetobacter baumannii clones. Results & conclusion: Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 14% of environmental samples and 8% of food samples. Furthermore, 9% of animals and 3.4% of humans were colonized. Non-baumannii Acinetobacter were the most common species isolated and newly susceptible A. baumannii clones were detected. Interestingly, 21 isolates were not identified at the species level and were considered as putative novel species. To our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiological study investigating the epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp. outside hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Atrouni
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie et Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, University of Angers, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie et Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie et Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, University of Angers, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, University of Angers, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, University of Angers, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
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Mathlouthi N, El Salabi AA, Ben Jomàa-Jemili M, Bakour S, Al-Bayssari C, Zorgani AA, Kraiema A, Elahmer O, Okdah L, Rolain JM, Chouchani C. Early detection of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1- and OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Libyan hospitals. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al Atrouni A, Joly-Guillou ML, Hamze M, Kempf M. Reservoirs of Non-baumannii Acinetobacter Species. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:49. [PMID: 26870013 PMCID: PMC4740782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. are ubiquitous gram negative and non-fermenting coccobacilli that have the ability to occupy several ecological niches including environment, animals and human. Among the different species, Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved as global pathogen causing wide range of infection. Since the implementation of molecular techniques, the habitat and the role of non-baumannii Acinetobacter in human infection have been elucidated. In addition, several new species have been described. In the present review, we summarize the recent data about the natural reservoir of non-baumannii Acinetobacter including the novel species that have been described for the first time from environmental sources and reported during the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Atrouni
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Liban
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireAngers, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Liban
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marie Kempf
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireAngers, France
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In vitro antimicrobial synergy studies of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Egypt. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:593-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Izwan I, Teh L, Salleh M. The genome sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a septicemic patient in a local hospital in Malaysia. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 6:128-9. [PMID: 26697353 PMCID: PMC4664717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative, strictly aerobic clinical pathogen causing mostly nosocomial infections globally. The DNA of an isolate from the blood of a local septicemic patient was sequenced using the Illumina GA IIx. The draft genome generated is 4,178,008 bp with a G + C content of 42%. From the annotation results, 47 resistance determinants including 16 multidrug resistance (MDR) genes were identified. The data may be accessed via the GenBank WGS master accession number APWV00000000.
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Olaitan AO, Thongmalayvong B, Akkhavong K, Somphavong S, Paboriboune P, Khounsy S, Morand S, Rolain JM. Clonal transmission of a colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from a domesticated pig to a human in Laos. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:3402-4. [PMID: 26283671 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kongsap Akkhavong
- National Institute of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Silaphet Somphavong
- Centre Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Phimpha Paboriboune
- Centre Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Syseng Khounsy
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Serge Morand
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS-IRD-UM2, CC065, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
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Sekyere JO, Govinden U, Essack S. The Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Environment of Carbapenemases Detected in Africa. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:59-68. [PMID: 26161476 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research articles describing carbapenemases and their genetic environments in Gram-negative bacteria were reviewed to determine the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases in Africa. The emergence of resistance to the carbapenems, the last resort antibiotic for difficult to treat bacterial infections, affords clinicians few therapeutic options, with a resulting increase in morbidities, mortalities, and healthcare costs. However, the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases throughout Africa is less described. Research articles and conference proceedings describing the genetic environment and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases in Africa were retrieved from Google Scholar, Scifinder, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Predominant carbapenemase genes so far described in Africa include the blaOXA-48 type, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM in Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter spp., and Escherichia coli carried on various plasmid types and sizes, transposons, and integrons. Class D and class B carbapenemases, mainly prevalent in A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Citrobacter spp., and E. coli were the commonest carbapenemases. Carbapenemases are mainly reported in North and South Africa as under-resourced laboratories, lack of awareness and funding preclude the detection and reporting of carbapenemase-mediated resistance. Consequently, the true molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases and their genetic environment in Africa is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
| | - Usha Govinden
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Essack
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
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Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in different hospitals in Tripoli, Lebanon using bla(OXA-51-like) sequence based typing. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:103. [PMID: 25976451 PMCID: PMC4432822 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A. baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen with an outstanding ability to acquire multidrug resistant mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii in Tripoli, Northern Lebanon. Methods One hundred sixteen non-duplicate isolates isolated between 2011 and 2013 in different hospitals in Tripoli, Lebanon from Lebanese patients and wounded Syrian patients during Syrian war were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by agar disc diffusion and Etest. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were investigated by PCR. All isolates were typed by blaOXA-51-like sequence based typing (SBT) and 57 isolates were also analysed by MLST using Pasteur’s scheme followed by eBURST analysis. Results Of the 116 isolates, 70 (60 %) showed a carbapenem resistance phenotype. The blaOXA-23 with an upstream insertion of ISAba1 was the major carbapenem resistance mechanism and detected in 65 isolates. Five isolates, including four from wounded Syrian patients and one from a Lebanese patient, were positive for blaNDM-1. blaOXA-51-like SBT revealed the presence of 14 variants, where blaOXA-66 was the most common and present in 73 isolates, followed by blaOXA-69 in 20 isolates. MLST analysis identified 17 sequence types (ST) and showed a concordance with blaOXA-51-like SBT. Each clonal complex (CC) had a specific blaOXA-51-like sequence such as CC2, which harboured blaOXA-66 variant, and CC1 harbouring blaOXA-69 variant. NDM-1 producing isolates belonged to ST85 (4 Syrian isolates) and ST25 (1 Lebanese isolate). Conclusions Our results showed a successful predominance of international clone 2 with a widespread occurrence of OXA-23 carbapenemase in Lebanese hospitals. These findings emphasise the urgent need of effective measures to control the spread of A. baumannii in this country.
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Molenaar RJ, van Engelen E. Pneumonia associated withAcinetobacter baumanniiin a group of minks (Neovison vison). Vet Q 2015; 35:174-6. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii. Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated, and the A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples, and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase-encoding genes, except one that harbored a blaOXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (STs), among which 24 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. blaOXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among which 21 were novel and all were isolated from animal origins. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The roles of the novel animal clones identified in community-acquired infections should be investigated.
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Rafei R, Dabboussi F, Hamze M, Eveillard M, Lemarié C, Gaultier MP, Mallat H, Moghnieh R, Husni-Samaha R, Joly-Guillou ML, Kempf M. Molecular analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in Lebanon using four different typing methods. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115969. [PMID: 25541711 PMCID: PMC4277430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed 42 Acinetobacter baumannii strains collected between 2009–2012 from different hospitals in Beyrouth and North Lebanon to better understand the epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in our collection and to compare the robustness of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). Among 31 carbapenem resistant strains, we have detected three carbapenem resistance genes: 28 carried the blaOXA-23 gene, 1 the blaOXA-24 gene and 2 strains the blaOXA-58 gene. This is the first detection of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 in Lebanon. PFGE identified 11 types and was the most discriminating technique followed by rep-PCR (9 types), blaOXA-51 SBT (8 types) and MLST (7 types). The PFGE type A'/ST2 was the dominant genotype in our collection present in Beyrouth and North Lebanon. The clustering agreement between all techniques was measured by adjust Wallace coefficient. An overall agreement has been demonstrated. High values of adjust Wallace coefficient were found with followed combinations: PFGE to predict MLST types = 100%, PFGE to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 100%, blaOXA-51 SBT to predict MLST = 100%, MLST to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 84.7%, rep-PCR to predict MLST = 81.5%, PFGE to predict rep-PCR = 69% and rep-PCR to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 67.2%. PFGE and MLST are gold standard methods for outbreaks investigation and population structure studies respectively. Otherwise, these two techniques are technically, time and cost demanding. We recommend the use of blaOXA-51 SBT as first typing method to screen isolates and assign them to their corresponding clonal lineages. Repetitive sequence-based PCR is a rapid tool to access outbreaks but careful interpretation of results must be always performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Rafei
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS, CHU, Angers cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Santé et environnement, Centre AZM pour la recherche en Biotechnologie et ses applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire de Santé et environnement, Centre AZM pour la recherche en Biotechnologie et ses applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire de Santé et environnement, Centre AZM pour la recherche en Biotechnologie et ses applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS, CHU, Angers cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU, Angers cedex, France
| | - Carole Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU, Angers cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaultier
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU, Angers cedex, France
| | - Hassan Mallat
- Laboratoire de Santé et environnement, Centre AZM pour la recherche en Biotechnologie et ses applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | | | - Rola Husni-Samaha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS, CHU, Angers cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU, Angers cedex, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS, CHU, Angers cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU, Angers cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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Manenzhe RI, Zar HJ, Nicol MP, Kaba M. The spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Africa: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:23-40. [PMID: 25261423 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenems are the last line of defence against ever more prevalent MDR Gram-negative bacteria, but their efficacy is threatened worldwide by bacteria that produce carbapenemase enzymes. The epidemiology of bacteria producing carbapenemases has been described in considerable detail in Europe, North America and Asia; however, little is known about their spread and clinical relevance in Africa. METHODS We systematically searched in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier Masson Consulte and African Journals Online, international conference proceedings, published theses and dissertations for studies reporting on carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Africa. We included articles published in English or French up to 28 February 2014. We calculated the prevalence of carbapenemase producers only including studies where the total number of isolates tested was at least 30. RESULTS Eighty-three studies were included and analysed. Most studies were conducted in North Africa (74%, 61/83), followed by Southern Africa (12%, 10/83), especially South Africa (90%, 9/10), West Africa (8%, 7/83) and East Africa (6%, 6/83). Carbapenemase-producing bacteria were isolated from humans, the hospital environment and community environmental water samples, but not from animals. The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing isolates in hospital settings ranged from 2.3% to 67.7% in North Africa and from 9% to 60% in sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS Carbapenemase-producing bacteria have been described in many African countries; however, their prevalence is poorly defined and has not been systematically studied. Antibiotic stewardship and surveillance systems, including molecular detection and genotyping of resistant isolates, should be implemented to monitor and reduce the spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendani I Manenzhe
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark P Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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An emerging public health problem: acquired carbapenemase-producing microorganisms are present in food-producing animals, their environment, companion animals and wild birds. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:290-7. [PMID: 24629777 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the emergence and global spread of microorganisms with acquired carbapenemases is of great concern. The reservoirs for such organisms are increasing, not only in hospitals, but also in the community and environment. A new and important development is the presence of such organisms in livestock, companion animals and wildlife. During the last three years, carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. (VIM-1 producers) and Acinetobacter spp. (producing OXA-23 and NDM-1) in livestock animals (poultry, cattle and swine) and their environment have been reported. In addition, the isolation of NDM-1-producing E. coli, OXA-48 in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae or OXA-23 in Acinetobacter spp. from companion animals (cats, dogs or horses) has also been observed. Other reports have described the presence of NDM-1-producing Salmonella isolated from wild birds, as well as OXA-23-like-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in ectoparasites. However, until now carbapenemase producers from foods have not been detected. For humans in contrast carbapenem-producing Salmonella isolates are increasingly reported. The real prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes in zoonotic bacteria or commensals from animals is unknown. Consequently, there is a need for intensified surveillance on the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in the food chain and other animal sources in order to assist in the formulation of measures to prevent their potential spread.
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Majewski P, Wieczorek P, Ojdana D, Sacha PT, Wieczorek A, Tryniszewska EA. In vitro activity of rifampicin alone and in combination with imipenem against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii harboring the blaOXA-72 resistance gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 46:260-4. [PMID: 24447252 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.865141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria is an emerging challenge in the treatment of infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen prone to exhibit MDR that contributes significantly to nosocomial infections, particularly in severely ill patients. Thus, we performed research on rifampicin activity against selected MDR OXA-72 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains. Since it is widely accepted that rifampicin should not be used as monotherapy in order to avoid the rapid development of rifampicin resistance, we evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with imipenem. METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of both rifampicin and imipenem were determined by use of the broth microdilution method. Evaluations of the interactions between rifampicin and imipenem were performed by analysis of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (∑FIC), determined using the checkerboard titration method. RESULTS All tested isolates showed full susceptibility to rifampicin. The checkerboard method revealed synergism in 5 isolates (29%) and an additive effect in another 5 isolates (29%); no difference was reported in the remaining 7 isolates (41%). Strains moderately resistant to imipenem (MIC ≤ 64 mg/l) tended to show synergy or additive interaction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in vitro synergism or an additive interaction between rifampicin and imipenem most likely occurs in A. baumannii strains showing moderate resistance to imipenem (MIC ≤ 64 mg/l). Moreover, utilizing this combination in the therapy of infections caused by strains exhibiting higher levels of resistance (MIC > 64 mg/l) is not recommended since in this setting imipenem could not prevent the development of rifampicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majewski
- From the Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
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Bonnin RA, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Screening and deciphering antibiotic resistance inAcinetobacter baumannii: a state of the art. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:571-83. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.13.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Galán JC, González-Candelas F, Rolain JM, Cantón R. Antibiotics as selectors and accelerators of diversity in the mechanisms of resistance: from the resistome to genetic plasticity in the β-lactamases world. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:9. [PMID: 23404545 PMCID: PMC3567504 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance determinants, natural molecules closely related to bacterial physiology and consistent with an ancient origin, are not only present in antibiotic-producing bacteria. Throughput sequencing technologies have revealed an unexpected reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the environment. These data suggest that co-evolution between antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes has occurred since the beginning of time. This evolutionary race has probably been slow because of highly regulated processes and low antibiotic concentrations. Therefore to understand this global problem, a new variable must be introduced, that the antibiotic resistance is a natural event, inherent to life. However, the industrial production of natural and synthetic antibiotics has dramatically accelerated this race, selecting some of the many resistance genes present in nature and contributing to their diversification. One of the best models available to understand the biological impact of selection and diversification are β-lactamases. They constitute the most widespread mechanism of resistance, at least among pathogenic bacteria, with more than 1000 enzymes identified in the literature. In the last years, there has been growing concern about the description, spread, and diversification of β-lactamases with carbapenemase activity and AmpC-type in plasmids. Phylogenies of these enzymes help the understanding of the evolutionary forces driving their selection. Moreover, understanding the adaptive potential of β-lactamases contribute to exploration the evolutionary antagonists trajectories through the design of more efficient synthetic molecules. In this review, we attempt to analyze the antibiotic resistance problem from intrinsic and environmental resistomes to the adaptive potential of resistance genes and the driving forces involved in their diversification, in order to provide a global perspective of the resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Spain ; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Madrid, Spain ; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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Olaitan AO, Berrazeg M, Fagade OE, Adelowo OO, Alli JA, Rolain JM. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing OXA-23 carbapenemase, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e469-70. [PMID: 23337460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kumsa B, Socolovschi C, Parola P, Rolain JM, Raoult D. Molecular detection of Acinetobacter species in lice and keds of domestic animals in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52377. [PMID: 23285015 PMCID: PMC3524130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the presence of Acinetobacter and Rickettsia species DNA in lice and Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) of animals from Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. From September through November 2011, a total of 207 cattle, 85 sheep, 47 dogs and 16 cats were examined for ectoparasites. Results of morphological identification revealed several species of ectoparasites: Linognathus vituli (L. vituli), Bovicola bovis (B. bovis) and Solenopotes capillatus (S. capillatus) on cattle; B. ovis and Melophagus ovinus (M. ovinus) on sheep; and Heterodoxus spiniger (H. spiniger) on dogs. There was a significantly (p≤0.0001) higher prevalence of L. vituli observed in cattle than both S. capillatus and B. bovis. Molecular identification of lice using an 18S rRNA gene analysis confirms the identified lice species by morphological methods. We detected different Acinetobacter species among lice (11.1%) and keds (86.4%) including A. soli in L. vituli of cattle, A. lowffii in M. ovinus of sheep, A. pittii in H. spiniger of dogs, 1 new Acinetobacter spp. in M. ovinus and 2 new Acinetobacter spp. in H. spiniger of dogs using partial rpoB gene sequence analysis. There was a significantly higher prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. in keds than in lice (p≤0.00001). Higher percentage of Acinetobacter spp. DNA was detected in H. spiniger than in both B. ovis and L. vituli (p≤0.00001). Carbapenemase resistance encoding genes for blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-58, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-51 were not found in any lice and keds. These findings suggest that synanthropic animals and their ectoparasites might increase the risk of human exposure to zoonotic pathogens and could be a source for Acinetobacter spp. infections in humans. However, additional epidemiological data are required to determine whether ectoparasites of animals can act as environmental reservoirs and play a role in spreading these bacteria to both animal and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bersissa Kumsa
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Cristina Socolovschi
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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