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You M. Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Influenza: A Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 38042758 PMCID: PMC10693535 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many concerns regarding respiratory diseases, including influenza, emerged during the epidemic of COVID-19. There were relevant research findings and suggestions for influenza prevention and treatment through physical activity, but little report about the total efficiency. So, this review was to summarize the role of physical activity in influenza prevention and treatment. MAIN BODY The databases Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, PubMed, CNKI, and Science Direct were used to search the related literatures. The first search ran from July to October, 2021, and the second search was conducted in September, 2023. Those publications that reported the effects of physical activity, exercise, and sport on influenza, flu, and cold were included. It found that long-term adherence to moderate physical activity is beneficial in enhancing the body's ability to resist influenza viruses. However, high-intensity endurance physical activity can cause an open window in the human immune system, which increases the risk of infection by influenza viruses. The patients with influenza infections can participate in moderate physical activity during the pre-onset period, but some of the researchers do not recommend physical activity for patients with influenza, avoiding the transmission of influenza viruses to others through human contact of physical activity. Moreover, animal studies have shown that physical activity may worsen influenza disease. While studies found that moderate physical activity is beneficial for preventing influenza, as most experimental studies were conducted on animals, the mechanisms in human with physical activity are still unclear. No study has yet suggested exercise prescriptions to prevent and control influenza, and there is currently no way to prevent or control influenza just through physical activity. The follow-up research is needed to increase human clinical experiments, elucidate the effect of physical activity on influenza, develop exercise prescriptions and gradually promote physical activity as a practical means for preventing and treating influenza. SHORT CONCLUSIONS Overall, participating in moderate physical activity regularly should be beneficial in influenza prevention, alleviating the patients' symptoms and increasing the recovery efficiency, but this needs more testing in clinical human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin You
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99, Ziyang Street, Gaoxin District, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
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Pitanga FJG, Almeida MDC, Duncan BB, Mill JG, Giatti L, Molina MDCB, da Fonseca MDJM, Schmidt MI, Griep RH, Barreto SM, de Matos SMA. Leisure Time Physical Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection among ELSA-Brasil Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14155. [PMID: 36361033 PMCID: PMC9658418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regular practice of physical activity (PA) can reduce the chance of aggravation of the disease and lower rates of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, but few studies have analyzed the association of PA with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between PA and self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. A longitudinal study was conducted with data from 4476 ELSA-Brasil participants who had their PA analyzed twice, once in 2016-2018 and again in 2020. PA was identified using the IPAQ at both follow-up moments and categorized into four groups: (a) remained physically inactive (reference); (b) remained physically active; (c) became physically active in the second moment; and (d) became physically inactive in the second moment. The variables of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and specific protective practices against COVID-19 were tested as possible confounders. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Remaining physically active was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only among those who used specific practices to protect against COVID-19, OR = 0.57 and CI = 0.32-0.99. The results suggested that regular practice of PA can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among those who have used specific practices to protect against COVID-19 during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Gondim Pitanga
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40110-150, Brazil
| | | | - Bruce B. Duncan
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Research Group on Epidemiology on Chronic and Occupational Diseases (GERMINAL), Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21049-900, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Research Group on Epidemiology on Chronic and Occupational Diseases (GERMINAL), Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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The influence of physical activity level on the length of stay in hospital in older men survivors of COVID-19. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1483-1490. [PMID: 35730029 PMCID: PMC9187887 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of physical activity level on the length of hospital stay in older men recovered from COVID-19. In total, 126 older men diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to the hospital between September and December 2020. Among them, 70 survived, of which 39 older men were included in the study. Within 30 days after discharge, patients answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure their physical activity level through phone contact, with questions corresponding to the week before symptom onset. Clinical and laboratorial data from admission, days between onset of symptoms and admission, length of stay, computed tomography abnormalities, and the need for the intensive care unit were collected. The groups (active × sedentary) were compared using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney test for quantitative data and chi-square test was used for categorical data. There is no difference between the groups in characteristics of admission (p > 0.05), except by potassium level. Active older men had a shorter length of stay (6.50 ± 3.46 vs 11.48 ± 7.63 days; p = 0.03), disease duration (15.71 ± 4.84 vs 21.09 ± 7.69 days; p = 0.02), and lower frequency of lung damage when compared to their sedentary counterparts. In conclusion, being physically active prior to infection can attenuate length of hospital stay in older men with COVID-19.
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Malisoux L, Backes A, Fischer A, Aguayo G, Ollert M, Fagherazzi G. Associations between physical activity prior to infection and COVID-19 disease severity and symptoms: results from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057863. [PMID: 35487745 PMCID: PMC9058293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if the physical activity (PA) prior to infection is associated with the severity of the disease in patients positively tested for COVID-19, as well as with the most common symptoms. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using baseline data from a prospective, hybrid cohort study (Predi-COVID) in Luxembourg. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2021. SETTING Real-life setting (at home) and hospitalised patients. PARTICIPANTS All volunteers aged >18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, and having completed the PA questionnaire (n=452). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was disease severity (asymptomatic, mild illness and moderate illness). The secondary outcomes were self-reported symptoms. RESULTS From the 452 patients included, 216 (48%) were female, the median (IQR) age was 42 (31-51) years, 59 (13%) were classified as asymptomatic, 287 (63%) as mild illness and 106 (24%) as moderate illness. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (n=294; 65%), headache (n=281; 62%) and dry cough (n=241; 53%). After adjustment, the highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of moderate illness (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.98, p=0.045), fatigue (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97, p=0.040), dry cough (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.96, p=0.034) and chest pain (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.77, p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS PA before COVID-19 infection was associated with a reduced risk of moderate illness severity and a reduced risk of experiencing fatigue, dry cough and chest pain, suggesting that engaging in PA may be an effective approach to minimise the severity of COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04380987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Gualano B, Lemes IR, Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Sieczkowska SM, Aikawa NE, Pasoto SG, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad CG, Yuki EF, Silva CA, Swinton P, Hallal PC, Roschel H, Bonfa E. Association between physical activity and immunogenicity of an inactivated virus vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:49-56. [PMID: 34954325 PMCID: PMC8697420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether physical activity is associated with enhanced immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (Coronavac) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) (n = 898) and in non-ARD (n = 197) individuals without pre-existing immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial. Immunogenicity was assessed after vaccination by measuring seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (SC), geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), factor-increase in GMT (FI-GMT), frequency of neutralizing antibody (NAb), and median neutralizing activity. Physical activity (active being defined as ≥ 150 min/week) and sedentary behavior (>8h/day) were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS Physically active ARD patients (n = 494) were younger and less frequently used prednisone/biologics than inactive patients (n = 404). After controlling for covariates, active patients exhibited greater SC (OR: 1.4 [95%CI: 1.1-2.0]), GMT (32% [95%CI: 8.8-60) and FI-GMT (33% [95%CI: 9.6-63%]) vs. inactive. Cluster analysis (physical activity/sedentary status) revealed greater GMT (43.0% [95% CI: 11.0-84.0%) and FI-GMT (48.0% [95%CI: 14.0-92.0%]) in active/non-sedentary vs. inactive/sedentary ARD patients. A dose-response was observed, with greater benefits for the group of patients performing ≥ 350 min/week of physical activity (OR: 1.6 [95%CI: 1.1-2.4]; 41% [95%CI: 10-80%]; 35% [95%CI: 4.3-74], for SC, GMT, and FI-GMT, respectively) vs. the least active group (≤30 min/week). Greater SC (OR: 9.9 [95%CI: 1.1-89.0]) and GMT (26% [95%CI: 2.2-56.0%]) were observed in active vs. inactive non-ARD. CONCLUSIONS A physically active lifestyle may enhance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity, a finding of particular clinical relevance for immunocompromised patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04754698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Italo R. Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael P. Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana J. Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bruna C. Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana I. Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia M. Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia E. Aikawa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra G. Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla G.S. Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily F.N. Yuki
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Silva
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pedro C. Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jung MH, Yi SW, An SJ, Youn KH, Yi JJ, Han S, Ihm SH, Jung HO, Youn HJ, Ryu KH. Association of Physical Activity and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023775. [PMID: 35132873 PMCID: PMC9075310 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the dose-response association between physical activity and lower respiratory tract infection (LoRI) outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Using the Korean National Health Insurance data, we identified individuals aged 18 to 99 years (mean age, 62.6±11.3 years; women, 49.6%) with cardiovascular disease who participated in health screening from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2012 (n=1 048 502), and were followed up until 2018 for mortality and until 2019 for hospitalization. Amount of physical activity was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and categorized into 5 groups: 0 (completely sedentary), <500, 500 to 999, 1000 to 1499, and ≥1500 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk. After controlling for various confounders, adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 1.00 (reference), 0.74 (0.70-0.78), 0.66 (0.62-0.70), 0.52 (0.47-0.57), and 0.54 (0.49-0.60) for LoRI mortality, and 1.00 (reference), 0.84 (0.83-0.85), 0.77 (0.76-0.79), 0.72 (0.70-0.73), and 0.71 (0.69-0.73) for LoRI hospitalization among those engaging in physical activity of 0, <500, 500 to 999, 1000 to 1499, and ≥1500 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk, respectively. Assuming linear association between 0 and 2000 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk, each 500-metabolic equivalents of task min/wk increase of physical activity was associated with reduced LoRI mortality and hospitalization by 22% and 13%, respectively. The negative association was stronger in the older population than in the younger population (P for interaction <0.01). Conclusions In patients with cardiovascular disease, engaging in even a low level of physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and hospitalization from LoRI than being completely sedentary, and incremental risk reduction was observed with increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon An
- Department of Neurology International St. Mary's HospitalCatholic Kwandong University College of Medicine Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Hyun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Art Incheon Catholic University Graduate School Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Jeon Yi
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental HealthCatholic Kwandong University Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Han
- Cardiovascular Center Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine Hwaseong-si Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Ryu
- Cardiovascular Center Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine Hwaseong-si Republic of Korea
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Silva FBD, Fonseca B, Domecg F, Facio MR, Prado C, Toledo L, Tuche W. Athletes Health during Pandemic Times: Hospitalization Rates and Variables Related to COVID-19 Prevalence among Endurance Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Laddu DR, Lavie CJ, Phillips SA, Arena R. Physical activity for immunity protection: Inoculating populations with healthy living medicine in preparation for the next pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:102-104. [PMID: 32278694 PMCID: PMC7195025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chan TC, Hu TH, Hwang JS. Estimating the Risk of Influenza-Like Illness Transmission Through Social Contacts: Web-Based Participatory Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e40. [PMID: 29631987 PMCID: PMC5913573 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies on influenza have focused mostly on enhancing vaccination coverage or promoting personal hygiene behavior. Few studies have investigated potential effects of personal health behaviors and social contacts on the risk of getting influenza-like illness (ILI). Objective Taking advantage of an online participatory cohort, this study aimed to estimate the increased risk of getting ILI after contact with infected persons and examine how personal health behaviors, weather, and air pollution affect the probability of getting ILI. Methods A Web-based platform was designed for participants to record daily health behaviors and social contacts during the influenza season of October 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016, in Taiwan. Data on sleep, diet, physical activity, self-reported ILI, and contact with infected persons were retrieved from the diaries. Measurements of weather and air pollutants were used for calculating environmental exposure levels for the participants. We fitted a mixed-effects logistic regression model to the daily measurements of the diary keepers to estimate the effects of these variables on the risk of getting ILI. Results During the influenza season, 160 participants provided 14,317 health diaries and recorded 124,222 face-to-face contacts. The model estimated odds ratio of getting ILI was 1.87 (95% CI 1.40-2.50) when a person had contact with others having ILI in the previous 3 days. Longer duration of physical exercise and eating more fruits, beans, and dairy products were associated with lower risk of getting ILI. However, staying up late was linked to an elevated risk of getting ILI. Higher variation of ambient temperature and worse air quality were associated with increased risk of developing ILI. Conclusions Developing a healthier lifestyle, avoiding contact with persons having ILI symptoms, and staying alert with respect to temperature changes and air quality can reduce the risk of getting ILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Hwa Hu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Shobugawa Y, Fujiwara T, Tashiro A, Saito R, Kondo K. Social participation and risk of influenza infection in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e016876. [PMID: 29371265 PMCID: PMC5786077 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza infection can cause severe pneumonia, which is sometimes fatal, particularly in older adults. Influenza results in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths annually worldwide. Social participation in the context of influenza infection is controversial because, although social participation is beneficial in maintaining physical function and mental health, it also increases the risk of contact with infected people. This study examined the association between social participation and influenza infection in Japanese adults aged 65 years or older. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Japanese functionally independent adults aged 65 years or older. PARTICIPANTS Among the respondents to the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013 survey, which took place during the period from October to December 2013, 12 231 men and 14 091 women responded to questions on influenza vaccination and influenza infection. OUTCOME MEASURES Using JAGES data for 12 231 men and 14 091 women aged ≥65 years, we examined the association between social participation and influenza infection. The association between influenza infection and number of groups in which respondents participated was investigated among adults aged≥65 years, stratified by vaccination status and sex. RESULTS Unvaccinated women who participated in two or more social activities were 2.20 times (95% CI 1.47 to 3.29) as likely to report an influenza infection as those who reported no social participation. In contrast, vaccinated women who participated in two or more social groups had no additional risk of influenza infection as compared with female elders with no social participation. Among men, participation in social activities was not significantly associated with influenza infection, regardless of vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS Social participation was associated with a higher risk of influenza infection among unvaccinated older women, which suggests a need for further efforts to promote influenza vaccination, particularly among socially active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontology and Evaluation Study, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Edwards KM, Booy R. Effects of exercise on vaccine-induced immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:907-10. [PMID: 23319202 PMCID: PMC3903912 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of exercise in health is well known; here we discuss the specific role of exercise in vaccination responses. Chronic exercise or high levels of physical activity have been shown to be related to improved vaccination responses in older adults, illustrating improved immune function, and conferring potentially significant public health benefit. Acute exercise has recently been examined as a potential adjuvant to vaccination; its promise for clinical use warrants further investigation, given current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Edwards
- Exercise Health and Performance Research Group; University of Sydney; Lidcombe, NSW Australia
| | - Robert Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases; University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
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