1
|
Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A New Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3812. [PMID: 38612620 PMCID: PMC11011817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data highlight similarities between neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a crucial interplay between the gut-brain axis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, known for their use in T2DM treatment, are currently extensively studied as novel PD modifying agents. For this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research, review articles and clinical trials regarding GLP-1R agonists and PD published in the English language with no time restrictions. We also screened the references of the selected articles for possible additional articles in order to include most of the key recent evidence. Many data on animal models and preclinical studies show that GLP1-R agonists can restore dopamine levels, inhibit dopaminergic loss, attenuate neuronal degeneration and alleviate motor and non-motor features of PD. Evidence from clinical studies is also very promising, enhancing the possibility of adding GLP1-R agonists to the current armamentarium of drugs available for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdyeva A, Kurtova E, Savinkova I, Galkov M, Gorbacheva L. Long-Term Exposure of Cultured Astrocytes to High Glucose Impact on Their LPS-Induced Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1122. [PMID: 38256196 PMCID: PMC10816293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with various complications, mainly caused by the chronic exposure of the cells to high glucose (HG) concentrations. The effects of long-term HG exposure in vitro accompanied by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application on astrocytes are relatively unknown. We used cell medium with normal (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) for rat astrocyte cultures and measured the release of NO, IL-6, β-hexosaminidase and cell survival in response to LPS. We first demonstrated that HG long-term incubation of astrocytes increased the release of β-hexosaminidase without decreasing MTT-detected cell survival, suggesting that there is no cell membrane damage or astrocyte death but could be lysosome exocytosis. Different from what was observed for NG, all LPS concentrations tested at HG resulted in an increase in IL-6, and this was detected for both 6 h and 48 h treatments. Interestingly, β-hexosaminidase level increased after 48 h of LPS and only at HG. The NO release from astrocytes also increased with LPS application at HG but was less significant. These data endorsed the original hypothesis that long-term hyperglycemia increases proinflammatory activation of astrocytes, and β-hexosaminidase could be a specific marker of excessive activation of astrocytes associated with exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayna Abdyeva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Kurtova
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Irina Savinkova
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Maksim Galkov
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Liubov Gorbacheva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (I.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verma A, Chaudhary S, Solanki K, Goyal A, Yadav HN. Exendin-4: A potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14426. [PMID: 38230775 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, which affect millions worldwide, are marked by a steady decline of neurons that are selectively susceptible. Due to the complex pathological processes underlying neurodegeneration, at present, there is no viable therapy available for neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, the establishment of a novel therapeutic approach for such conditions is a clinical void that remains. The potential significance of various peptides as neuroprotective interventions for neurodegenerative disorders is gaining increasing attention. In the past few years, there has been growing scientific interest in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists due to their claimed neuroprotective effects. Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is known to possess anti-diabetic effects and does not degrade for hours, making it a superior candidate for such disorders. Moreover, exendin-4's neuroprotective effects have been reported in several preclinical studies. Exendin-4's diverse therapeutic targets suggest its potential therapeutic uses in neurodegenerative ailments like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and have garnered an increasing amount of attention. Given the substantial body of evidence supporting the neuroprotective potential of exendin-4 in various research models, this article is dedicated to exploring the promising role of exendin-4 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review draws insights from the findings of numerous preclinical and clinical studies to highlight the collective neuroprotective advantages of exendin-4 and the potential mechanisms that underlie its neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shobhit Chaudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunal Solanki
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dumas JA, Bunn JY, LaMantia MA, McIsaac C, Senft Miller A, Nop O, Testo A, Soares BP, Mank MM, Poynter ME, Lawrence Kien C. Alteration of brain function and systemic inflammatory tone in older adults by decreasing the dietary palmitic acid intake. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100072. [PMID: 37408793 PMCID: PMC10318304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies in younger adults showed that reducing the normally high intake of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), in the North American diet by replacing it with the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), decreased blood concentrations and secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and changed brain activation in regions of the working memory network. We examined the effects of these fatty acid manipulations in the diet of older adults. Ten subjects, aged 65-75 years, participated in a randomized, cross-over trial comparing 1-week high PA versus low PA/high OA diets. We evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using an N-back test of working memory and a resting state scan, cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs, and plasma cytokine concentrations. During the low PA compared to the high PA diet, we observed increased activation for the 2-back minus 0-back conditions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Broadman Area (BA) 9; p < 0.005), but the effect of diet on working memory performance was not significant (p = 0.09). We observed increased connectivity between anterior regions of the salience network during the low PA/high OA diet (p < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-1β (p = 0.026), IL-8 (p = 0.013), and IL-6 (p = 0.009) in conditioned media from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were lower during the low PA/high OA diet. This study suggests that lowering the dietary intake of PA down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and altered working memory, task-based activation and resting state functional connectivity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael A LaMantia
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine McIsaac
- Clinical Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anna Senft Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Olivia Nop
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Abigail Testo
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bruno P Soares
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Madeleine M Mank
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - C Lawrence Kien
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pechacek KM, Vonder Haar C. Chronic lipopolysaccharide impairs motivation when delivered to the ventricles, but not when delivered peripherally in male rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113998. [PMID: 36257462 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increased neuroinflammation relative to controls is observed in major depression. Moreover, depressive disorders are significantly elevated in conditions which increase neuroinflammation (e.g., brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease). To better understand the relationship between neuroinflammation and depression, additional research is needed. The current set of studies made use of the progressive ratio (PR) task in male rats, a stable measure of motivation which can be evaluated daily and thus is ideally suited for examining a potential role for chronic neuroinflammation in depressive-like behavior. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an inflammatory response. Experiment 1 confirmed prior acute LPS administration experiments for sensitivity of the PR task, with a large effect at 2 mg/kg, a partial effect at 1 mg/kg, and no effect at 0.5 mg/kg. Experiment 2 evaluated a dose-response of continuous s.c. LPS infusion but found no significant elevation in brain cytokines after 14 days at any doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/week. Experiment 3 assessed motivation during continuous s.c. infusion of a large 5 mg/kg/week LPS dose and found no significant impairments in motivation, but transient decreases in rates of lever pressing (i.e., only motoric deficits). Experiment 4 measured motivation during continuous ICV infusion of 10.5 μg/kg/week LPS and found significantly decreased motivation without changes to rates of lever pressing (i.e., only motivational deficits). Together these results suggest that the PR task is efficient for evaluating models of chronic inflammation, and that the adaptive response to chronic LPS exposure, even when delivered centrally, may necessitate alternative strategies for generating long-term neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Pechacek
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Infection, Learning, and Memory: Focus on Immune Activation and Aversive Conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104898. [PMID: 36183862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the effects of immune activation primarily via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, on hippocampal and non-hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Rodent studies have found that LPS alters both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive learning and memory, such as those evoking evolutionarily adaptive responses like fear and disgust. The inhibitory effects of LPS on the acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory are discussed. LPS-induced alterations in the acquisition of taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory within bottle preference tasks and taste reactivity tests (taste-related), in addition to conditioned context avoidance tasks and the anticipatory nausea paradigm (place-related), are highlighted. Further, conditioned disgust memory consolidation may also be influenced by LPS-induced effects. Growing evidence suggests a central role of immune activation, especially pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in eliciting the effects described here. Understanding how infection-induced immune activation alters learning and memory is increasingly important as bacterial and viral infections are found to present a risk of learning and memory impairment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Feng P, Ji R, Ren Y, Wei W, Hölscher C. Therapeutic application of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:445-460. [PMID: 35584372 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2079492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and shares similar dysregulated insulin pathways. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs originally designed to treat diabetes have shown potent neuroprotective activity in preclinical studies of PD. They are neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammation, improving neuronal survival, maintenance of synapses, and dopaminergic transmission in the brain. Building on this, three clinical studies have reported impressive effects in patients with PD, testing exendin-4 (Exenatide, Bydureon) or liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is another peptide hormone that has shown good effects in animal models of PD. Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonists have been developed that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show superior effects in animal models compared to GLP-1 drugs. AREAS COVERED The review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies testing GLP-1R agonists and dual GLP-1/GIPR agonists in PD and discusses possible mechanisms of action. EXPERT OPINION Current strategies to treat PD by lowering the levels of alpha-synuclein have not shown effects in clinical trials. It is time to move on from the 'misfolding protein' hypothesis. Growth factors such as GLP-1 that can cross the BBB have already shown impressive effects in patients and are the future of drug discovery in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 233 Zhongyuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng D, Yang S, Zhao X, Wang G. The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) in Diabetes-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:665-684. [PMID: 35340338 PMCID: PMC8943601 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s348055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical guidelines have emphasized the importance of screening for cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes, however, there is still a lack of understanding about the drug therapy. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and potential applications may include the treatment of obesity as well as the adjunctive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in combination with insulin. Growing evidence suggests that GLP-1 RA has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in diabetes-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 RA in diabetes-related degenerative diseases, including AD and PD, and their potential effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dihe Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:457-478. [PMID: 35180937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romano AD, Villani R, Sangineto M, Cassano T, Serviddio G. The GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 modulates hippocampal NMDA-receptor signalling in aged rats and improves cognitive impairment in diabetic elderly patients. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
11
|
Flintoff J, Kesby JP, Siskind D, Burne TH. Treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with GLP-1RAs: an overview of their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:877-891. [PMID: 34213981 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1951702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of individuals worldwide. There are no available medications to treat cognitive impairment in this patient population currently. Preclinical evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve cognitive function. There is a need to evaluate how GLP-1 RAs alter specific domains of cognition and whether they will be of therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED This paper summarizes the effects of GLP-1 RAs on metabolic processes in the brain and how these mechanisms relate to improved cognitive function. We provide an overview of preclinical studies that demonstrate GLP-1 RAs improve cognition and comment on their potential therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION To understand the benefits of GLP-1 RAs in individuals with schizophrenia, further preclinical research with rodent models relevant to schizophrenia symptomology are needed. Moreover, preclinical studies must focus on using a wider range of behavioral assays to understand whether important aspects of cognition such as executive function, attention, and goal-directed behavior are improved using GLP-1 RAs. Further research into the specific mechanisms of how GLP-1 RAs affect cognitive function and their interactions with antipsychotic medication commonly prescribed is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Flintoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Hj Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Trammell TS, Henderson NL, Madkour HS, Stanwood GD, Graham DL. GLP-1R activation alters performance in cognitive tasks in a sex-dependent manner. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2911-2919. [PMID: 33222103 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been purported to have antidepressant-like and cognitive-enhancing effects. Many people suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) also experience deficits in cognition. While currently approved antidepressant pharmacotherapies can alleviate the mood symptoms in some patients, they do not treat the cognitive ones. OBJECTIVES We tested whether systemic administration of a GLP-1R agonist would alter location discrimination, a cognitive task that is diminished in humans with MDD. METHODS Male and female laboratory mice (6-8 weeks old, N = 6-14/sex) were trained in a touchscreen operant task of location discrimination. Upon reaching baseline criterion, mice were administered vehicle or a GLP-1R agonist, Exendin-4, systemically prior to testing in probe trials of varying difficulty. RESULTS Following GLP-1R activation, males showed modest yet non-significant performance in the location discrimination task. Females, however, showed enhanced performance during the most difficult probe tests following Exendin-4 administration. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1R activation appears to enhance overall performance in the location discrimination task and does so in a sex- and difficulty-dependent manner. These preliminary yet impactful data indicate that GLP-1R agonists may be useful as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy to treat cognitive deficits associated with MDD and/or multiple neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Trammell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Natalie L Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Haley S Madkour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grigolon RB, Brietzke E, Mansur RB, Idzikowski MA, Gerchman F, De Felice FG, McIntyre RS. Association between diabetes and mood disorders and the potential use of anti-hyperglycemic agents as antidepressants. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109720. [PMID: 31352032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and mechanistic studies support the association between Diabetes Mellitus and mood disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. This association is especially relevant in specific domains of depressive psychopathology, such as disturbances in reward systems and cognitive functions. Several anti-hyperglycemic agents have demonstrated effects on depressive symptoms and cognitive decline and this efficacy is probably the result of an action in shared brain targets between these two groups of conditions. These medications include subcutaneous insulin, intranasal insulin, metformin, and liraglutide. The study of the mechanisms involved in the relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and mood disorders offers a new avenue of investigation, and this understanding can be applied when examining whether antidiabetic agents can be repurposed as antidepressants and mood stabilizers. The objective of this narrative review is to critically appraise the literature surrounding drugs commonly used as anti-hyperglycemic agents and their effects on the brain, while discussing their potential as a new treatment for mental illnesses, and specifically, mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B Grigolon
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Mood Disorders, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Mood Disorders, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maia A Idzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of obesity induced by high-calorie diet and its treatment with exenatide on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampus. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
dos Santos JPA, Vizuete AF, Gonçalves CA. Calcineurin-Mediated Hippocampal Inflammatory Alterations in Streptozotocin-Induced Model of Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:502-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
16
|
Suarez AN, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Regulation of Memory Function by Feeding-Relevant Biological Systems: Following the Breadcrumbs to the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:101. [PMID: 31057368 PMCID: PMC6482164 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) controls fundamental learning and memory processes, including memory for visuospatial navigation (spatial memory) and flexible memory for facts and autobiographical events (declarative memory). Emerging evidence reveals that hippocampal-dependent memory function is regulated by various peripheral biological systems that are traditionally known for their roles in appetite and body weight regulation. Here, we argue that these effects are consistent with a framework that it is evolutionarily advantageous to encode and recall critical features surrounding feeding behavior, including the spatial location of a food source, social factors, post-absorptive processing, and other episodic elements of a meal. We review evidence that gut-to-brain communication from the vagus nerve and from feeding-relevant endocrine systems, including ghrelin, insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), promote hippocampal-dependent spatial and declarative memory via neurotrophic and neurogenic mechanisms. The collective literature reviewed herein supports a model in which various stages of feeding behavior and hippocampal-dependent memory function are closely linked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Suarez
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily E Noble
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Bi W, Xiao S, Lan X, Cheng X, Zhang J, Lu D, Wei W, Wang Y, Li H, Fu Y, Zhu L. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5790. [PMID: 30962497 PMCID: PMC6453933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice by using behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. We found that LPS treatment leads to sickness behavior and cognitive impairment in mice as shown in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test, and these effects were accompanied by microglia activation (labeled by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IBA-1) and neuronal cell loss (labeled by microtubule-associated protein 2, MAP-2) in the hippocampus. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum and brain homogenates were reduced by the LPS treatment, while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased. In addition, LPS promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain homogenates. The Western blot analysis showed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated in the LPS groups. Furthermore, VIPER, which is a TLR-4-specific inhibitory peptide, prevented the LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. These data suggest that LPS induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation via microglia activation by activating the NF-kB signaling pathway; furthermore, we compared the time points, doses, methods and outcomes of LPS administration between intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections of LPS in LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and these data may provide additional insight for researchers performing neuroinflammation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bułdak Ł, Machnik G, Skudrzyk E, Bołdys A, Okopień B. The impact of exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in normal human astrocytes subjected to various glycemic conditions. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2861-2869. [PMID: 30906473 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide are novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. While improvements in glycemic control can rely on an incretin effect, the mechanisms behind the loss of weight following therapy have yet to be completely elucidated, and seem to be associated with alterations in eating habits, resulting from changes in cytokines e.g. interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and oxidative signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). Increased levels of IL-1β and reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated to exert anorexigenic properties, and astrocytes appear to actively participate in maintaining the integrity of the CNS, which includes the paracrine secretion of inflammatory cytokines and involvement in the redox status. Therefore, the present study decided to explore the influence of exenatide [a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 agonist)] on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in cultured human astrocytes as a potential target for weight reduction therapies. In an experimental setting, normal human astrocytes were subjected to various glycemic conditions, including 40 mg/dl-hypoglycemic, 100 mg/dl-normoglycemic and 400 mg/dl-hyperglycemic, and exenatide, which is a GLP-1 agonist. The involvement of intracellular signaling by a protein kinase A (PKA) in the action of exenatide was estimated using a specific PKA inhibitor-PKI (14-22). The expression levels of IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa κB (NFκB), glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p22 NADPH oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and reactive oxidative species were measured. The present study demonstrated that varying glucose concentrations in the culture media did not affect the protein expression or the level of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, exenatide led to an increase in IL-1β in normoglycemic culture conditions, which was accompanied by the increased expression of p22, glutathione peroxidase and the reduced expression of GFAP. Changes in the expression of IL-1β and p22 were dependent on the activation of PKA. The present study concluded that exenatide predominantly affected astrocytes in normoglycemic conditions, and hypothesize that this impact demonstrated one of novel mechanisms associated with astrocyte signaling that may contribute to weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Estera Skudrzyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang HJ, Chen SL, Huang HY, Sun YC, Lee GC, Lee-Chen GJ, Hsieh-Li HM, Su MT. Chronic low dose of AM404 ameliorates the cognitive impairment and pathological features in hyperglycemic 3xTg-AD mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:763-773. [PMID: 30426182 PMCID: PMC6469654 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperglycemia accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and GSK3β plays a potential link between AD and hyperglycemia. Therefore, a direct or indirect GSK3β inhibition may have potential to delay the progression of AD. Our previous biochemical assay identified AM404 as a GSK3β inhibitor at high dose (IC50 = 5.353 μM); however, other study suggests that AM404 impaired synaptic plasticity of hippocampus at high dose (10 mg/kg; i.p.). Therefore, the dose and duration of treatment are crucial for the effects of AM404. OBJECTIVE The effects and molecular mechanisms of AM404 at low dose were evaluated from in vitro to in vivo models. METHODS AM404 (0.1-0.5 μM) was tested on tau hyperphosphorylated mouse hippocampal primary cultures treated with Wortmannin (WT) and GF109203X (GFX). Hyperglycemic triple transgenic AD (3×Tg-AD) mice at 6 months old were intraperitoneally injected with AM404 (0.25 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The spatial learning and memory of mice were measured using the Morris water maze. Mouse brain and serum samples were collected for pathological analyses. RESULTS AM404 (0.5 μM) exhibited significantly augmented neuroprotection toward tau hyperphosphorylation in primary cultures. The chronic systemic administration of AM404 (0.25 mg/kg) attenuated cognitive deficits in hyperglycemic 3×Tg-AD mice. Moreover, chronic low dose of AM404 significantly attenuated Aβ production, tau protein phosphorylation, and inflammation associated with an increase of pS473Akt and pS9-GSK3β. Therefore, AM404 at low dose, not only increased neuroprotection, but also ameliorated cognitive deficit, could be partly by regulating the Akt/GSK3β signaling, which may contribute to downregulation of Aβ, tau hyperphosphorylation, and inflammation in hyperglycemic 3×Tg-AD mice. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that chronic administration of AM404 at low dose may be through the Akt/GSK3β pathway to ameliorate the impairment in hyperglycemic 3×Tg-AD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- 0000 0001 2158 7670grid.412090.eDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- 0000 0001 2158 7670grid.412090.eDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- 0000 0001 2158 7670grid.412090.eDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- 0000 0001 2158 7670grid.412090.eDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- 0000 0001 2158 7670grid.412090.eDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Administration of Momordica charantia Enhances the Neuroprotection and Reduces the Side Effects of LiCl in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121888. [PMID: 30513908 PMCID: PMC6316175 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of natural food supplements to reduce the side effects of chemical compounds used for the treatment of various diseases has become popular. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has some protective effects in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its toxic effects on various systems and some relevant interactions with other drugs limit its broader use in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological functions of LiCl combined with Momordica charantia (MC) in the treatment of AD. The in vitro results show that the order of the neuroprotective effect is MC5, MC3, MC2, and MC5523 under hyperglycemia or tau hyperphosphorylation. Therefore, MC5523 (80 mg/kg; oral gavage) and/or LiCl (141.3 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) were applied to ovariectomized (OVX) 3×Tg-AD female and C57BL/6J (B6) male mice that received intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (icv-STZ, 3 mg/kg) for 28 days. We found that the combined treatment not only increased the survival rate by reducing hepatotoxicity but also increased neuroprotection associated with anti-gliosis in the icv-STZ OVX 3×Tg-AD mice. Furthermore, the cotreatment with MC5523 and LiCl prevented memory deficits associated with reduced neuronal loss, gliosis, oligomeric Aβ level, and tau hyperphosphorylation and increased the expression levels of synaptic-related protein and pS9-GSK3β (inactive form) in the icv-STZ B6 mice. Therefore, MC5523 combined with LiCl could be a potential strategy for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang XY, Zhang LM, Mi WD, Li YF. Translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior by promoting neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1937-1944. [PMID: 30233067 PMCID: PMC6183040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.239442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced depression-like behavior in mice and investigated its mechanism of action. Mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng lipopolysaccharide. The tail-suspension test and the forced swimming test confirmed that 100 ng lipopolysaccharide induced depression-like behavior. A mouse model was then established by intraventricular injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. On days 16-24 after model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 3 mg/kg YL-IPA08 daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine BrdU and NeuN expression in the hippocampus. YL-IPA08 effectively reversed the depression-like behavior of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, restored body mass, increased the number of BrdU-positive cells, and the number and proportion of BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells. These findings indicate that YL-IPA08 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting the formation of hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zanotto C, Hansen F, Galland F, Batassini C, Federhen BC, da Silva VF, Leite MC, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Glutamatergic Alterations in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Are Reversed by Exendin-4. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3538-3551. [PMID: 30145785 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results in glucotoxicity and the formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs), which mediate several systemic adverse effects, particularly in the brain tissue. Alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission and cognitive impairment have been reported in DM. Exendin-4 (EX-4), an analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), appears to have beneficial effects on cognition in rats with chronic hyperglycemia. Herein, we investigated the ability of EX-4 to reverse changes in AGE content and glutamatergic transmission in an animal model of DM looking principally at glutamate uptake and GluN1 subunit content of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of EX-4 on in vitro models and the signaling pathway involved in these effects. We found a decrease in glutamate uptake and GluN1 content in the hippocampus of diabetic rats; EX-4 was able to revert these parameters, but had no effect on the other parameters evaluated (glycemia, C-peptide, AGE levels, RAGE, and glyoxalase 1). EX-4 abrogated the decrease in glutamate uptake and GluN1 content caused by methylglyoxal (MG) in hippocampal slices, in addition to leading to an increase in glutamate uptake in astrocyte culture cells and hippocampal slices under basal conditions. The effect of EX-4 on glutamate uptake was mediated by the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway, which could explain the protective effect of EX-4 in the brain tissue, since PI3K is involved in cell metabolism, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduces inflammatory responses. These results suggest that EX-4 could be used as an adjuvant treatment for brain impairment associated with excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Zanotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Batassini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguai and Missões, Frederico Westphalen, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Concli Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nardin
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Foland-Ross LC, Reiss AL, Mazaika PK, Mauras N, Weinzimer SA, Aye T, Tansey MJ, White NH. Longitudinal assessment of hippocampus structure in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:10.1111/pedi.12683. [PMID: 29675980 PMCID: PMC6195484 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The extant literature finds that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) experience mild cognitive alterations compared to healthy age-matched controls. The neural basis of these cognitive differences is unclear but may relate in part to the effects of dysglycemia on the developing brain. We investigated longitudinal changes in hippocampus volume in young children with early-onset T1D. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 142 children with T1D and 65 age-matched control subjects (4-10 years of age at study entry) at 2 time points, 18 months apart. The effects of diabetes and glycemic exposure on hippocampal volume and growth were examined. Results indicated that although longitudinal hippocampus growth did not differ between children with T1D and healthy control children, slower growth of the hippocampus was associated with both increased exposure to hyperglycemia (interval HbA1c) and greater glycemic variability (MAGE) in T1D. These observations indicate that the current practice of tolerating some hyperglycemia to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in young children with T1D may not be optimal for the developing brain. Efforts that continue to assess the factors influencing neural and cognitive development in children with T1D will be critical in minimizing the deleterious effects of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Foland-Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Paul K Mazaika
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nelly Mauras
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Tandy Aye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael J Tansey
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Neil H White
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdelwahed OM, Tork OM, Gamal El Din MM, Rashed L, Zickri M. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue; Exendin-4, on cognitive functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus; possible modulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor and brain Visfatin. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:67-80. [PMID: 29421245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most essential neurotrophic factors in the brain. BDNF is involved in learning, memory and locomotion suggesting it as a target in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated cognitive changes. Visfatin; an adipokine discovered to be expressed in the brain; was found to have multiple effects including its participation in keeping energy supply to the cell and is consequentially involved in cell survival. Its role in cognitive functions in T2DM was not studied before. Recent studies point to the possible neuro-protective mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue: Exendin-4 (Ex-4) in many cognitive disorders, but whether BDNF or Visfatin are involved or not in its neuro-protective mechanisms; is still unknown. AIMS to study the changes in cognitive functions in T2DM, either not treated or treated with Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue: Ex-4, and to identify the possible underlying mechanisms of these changes and whether BDNF and brain Visfatin are involved. METHODS A total of 36 adult male wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, Exendin-4 control, Diabetic and Exendin-4 treated groups. At the end of the study, Y-maze and open field tests were done the day before scarification to assess spatial working memory and locomotion, respectively. Fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the serum. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance was calculated. In the brain tissue, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, gene expression and protein levels of BDNF and Visfatin, area of degenerated neurons, area of glial cells and area % of synaptophysin immunoexpression were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the control, the untreated diabetic rats showed insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevation of serum TNF-α. The brain tissue showed down-regulation of BDNF gene expression and reduction of its protein level, up-regulation of Visfatin gene expression and elevation of its protein level, increase in MDA, area of degenerated neurons and area of glial cells and reduction in area % of synaptophysin immunoexpression. These changes were paralleled with significant deterioration in spatial working memory and locomotion. Treatment of diabetic rats with Ex-4 reversed all these changes. CONCLUSION T2DM has a negative impact on cognitive functions through different pathological and subcellular mechanisms. The current study provides evidence for involvement of BDNF and brain Visfatin in T2DM- associated cognitive dysfunction. BDNF and brain Visfatin were also found to contribute to the neuro-protective effect of Ex-4 via modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, neuro-degeneration and synaptic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Abdelwahed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - O M Tork
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Gamal El Din
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Zickri
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ventorp F, Bay-Richter C, Nagendra AS, Janelidze S, Matsson VS, Lipton J, Nordström U, Westrin Å, Brundin P, Brundin L. Exendin-4 Treatment Improves LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior Without Affecting Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:263-273. [PMID: 28387682 PMCID: PMC5438473 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exendin-4 is a peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, currently in clinical trials as a potential disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease. In light of this, it is important to understand potential modes of action of exendin-4 in the brain. Exendin-4 is neuroprotective and has been proposed to be directly anti-inflammatory, and that this is one way it reduces neurodegeneration. However, prior studies have focused on animal models involving both neurodegeneration and inflammation, therefore, it is also possible that the observed decreased inflammation is secondary to reduced neurodegeneration. Objective: To investigate whether exendin-4 directly reduces inflammation in the brain following an insult that involves neuroinflammation but not neurodegeneration, namely systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Rats were administered LPS systemically and were treated with either 0.5 μg/kg exendin-4 or saline vehicle injections over 5 days. Behavior was evaluated with forced swim test. We assayed TNF-α and IL-1β levels in cerebrospinal fluid and cytokine mRNA expression in striatal, hippocampal and cortical tissues using qPCR. We determined brain monoamines using high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, we isolated primary brain microglia from rats and measured cytokine production after exendin-4 treatment and LPS stimulation. Results: Exendin-4 treatment did not affect cytokine mRNA expression in brain, cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid or cytokine production from cultured microglia, although there was a trend towards increased striatal dopamine. Importantly, exendin-4 significantly prevented depressive-like behavior at 24 hours after LPS injection, indicating that the drug engaged a target in the brain. Depressive-like behavior was associated with altered dopamine turnover in the striatum. Conclusion: We did not detect any anti-inflammatory effects of exendin-4. In previous studies exploring the effects of exendin-4 on brain insults involving neurodegeneration, observations of reduced inflammation might have been secondary to mitigation of neuronal death. Our results indicate that the effects of exendin-4 on behavior may be due to effects on dopamine synthesis or metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ventorp
- Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Analise Sauro Nagendra
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jack Lipton
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Westrin
- Division of Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lena Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo S, Wang Y, Chou S, Cui H, Li D, Li B. In vitro antioxidant capacities of eight different kinds of apples and their effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191762. [PMID: 29370253 PMCID: PMC5784986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity of eight types of apples decreased (P < 0.05) during the 70-day storage at 4°C. The Fushi (F2) apples from Xin Jiang showed the highest radical scavenging activity. For in vivo study, 40 male Kunming mice (body weight 20–25 g) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (10 mice per group). The F2 groups (F2S, F2 + sterile saline and F2L, F2 + lipopolysaccharide) were administered with 0.3 mL F2 filtrate via gastric intubation daily for 28 days. The control groups (CS, CON + sterile saline and CL, CON + lipopolysaccharide) were treated with sterile saline at the same volume. At day 29, mice of F2L and CL groups were injected with 100 μg/kg body weight of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally, while those of F2S and CS groups were injected equal volume of sterile saline. In comparison to the CS group, the CL group showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in serum, liver, and hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, reduction (P < 0.05) in the expression of hepatic antioxidant-related genes, and an increase (P < 0.05) in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In comparison to the CL group, the F2L group showed lower (P < 0.05) levels of serum ALT, AST, and ROS, higher (P < 0.05) level of serum, liver, and hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of hepatic antioxidant-related genes. These results suggest that F2 may exert protective effect against LPS-induced oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
| | - Shurui Chou
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongnan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi X, Pi L, Zhou S, Li X, Min F, Wang S, Liu Z, Wu J. Activation of Sirtuin 1 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Deacetylating p53. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29892266 PMCID: PMC5985296 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proven to be a key risk factor for cognitive impairment. Previous studies have implicated hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetes-related cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a protein deacetylase depended on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Furthermore, it is indispensable in normal learning and memory. Whether SIRT1 is taken part in diabetes-induced neuronal apoptosis and thus involve in the development of diabetic cognitive impairment is still not clear. To address this issue, we examined the possible role of SIRT1 in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the possible mechanism was investigated in high glucose-induced SH-SY5Y cells. We found that downregulation of the activity and expression of SIRT1 was associated with increased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in mice. In vitro, cell apoptosis induced by high glucose which was accompanied by a downregulation of SIRT1 and an increased acetylation of p53. On the contrary, activation of SIRT1 using its agonist resveratrol ameliorated cell apoptosis via deacetylating p53. Our data suggest that high concentration of glucose can induce neuronal apoptosis through downregulation of SIRT1 and increased acetylation of p53, which likely contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linhua Pi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanlei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangyuan Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Al-Badri G, Leggio GM, Musumeci G, Marzagalli R, Drago F, Castorina A. Tackling dipeptidyl peptidase IV in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:26-34. [PMID: 29451201 PMCID: PMC5840985 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease best known for its role in inactivating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), three stimulators of pancreatic insulin secretion with beneficial effects on glucose disposal. Owing to the relationship between DPP-IV and these peptides, inhibition of DPP-IV enzyme activity is considered as an attractive treatment option for diabetic patients. Nonetheless, increasing studies support the idea that DPP-IV might also be involved in the development of neurological disorders with a neuroinflammatory component, potentially through its non-incretin activities on immune cells. In this review article, we aim at highlighting recent literature describing the therapeutic value of DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of such neurological conditions. Finally, we will illustrate some of the promising results obtained using berberine, a plant extract with potent inhibitory activity on DPP-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Al-Badri
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Iwaya C, Nomiyama T, Komatsu S, Kawanami T, Tsutsumi Y, Hamaguchi Y, Horikawa T, Yoshinaga Y, Yamashita S, Tanaka T, Terawaki Y, Tanabe M, Nabeshima K, Iwasaki A, Yanase T. Exendin-4, a Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Attenuates Breast Cancer Growth by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4218-4232. [PMID: 29045658 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incretin therapies have received much attention because of their tissue-protective effects, which extend beyond those associated with glycemic control. Cancer is a primary cause of death in patients who have diabetes mellitus. We previously reported antiprostate cancer effects of the glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4). Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in female patients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Thus, we examined whether GLP-1 action could attenuate breast cancer. GLP-1R was expressed in human breast cancer tissue and MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and KPL-1 cell lines. We found that 0.1 to 10 nM Ex-4 significantly decreased the number of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although Ex-4 did not induce apoptosis, it attenuated breast cancer cell proliferation significantly and dose-dependently. However, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin did not affect breast cancer cell proliferation. When MCF-7 cells were transplanted into athymic mice, Ex-4 decreased MCF-7 tumor size in vivo. Ki67 immunohistochemistry revealed that breast cancer cell proliferation was significantly reduced in tumors extracted from Ex-4-treated mice. In MCF-7 cells, Ex-4 significantly inhibited nuclear factor κB (NF-κB ) nuclear translocation and target gene expression. Furthermore, Ex-4 decreased both Akt and IκB phosphorylation. These results suggest that GLP-1 could attenuate breast cancer cell proliferation via activation of GLP-1R and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikayo Iwaya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Shiho Komatsu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Takako Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yoko Tsutsumi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Horikawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Yoshinaga
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Terawaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Akinori Iwasaki
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khan MS, Ali T, Abid MN, Jo MH, Khan A, Kim MW, Yoon GH, Cheon EW, Rehman SU, Kim MO. Lithium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:343-354. [PMID: 28511952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lithium an effective mood stabilizer, primary used in the treatment of bipolar disorders, has been reported as a protective agent in various neurological disorders. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective role of lithium chloride (LiCl) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain. We determined that LiCl -attenuated LPS-induced activated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling and significantly reduced the nuclear factor-kB (NF-KB) translation factor and various other inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We also analyzed that LiCl significantly abrogated activated gliosis via attenuation of specific markers for activated microglia, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba-1) and astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in both the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain. Furthermore, we also observed that LiCl treatment significantly ameliorated the increase expression level of apoptotic neurodegeneration protein markers Bax/Bcl2, activated caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the LPS-treated adult rat brain. In addition, the morphological results of the fluoro-jade B (FJB) and Nissl staining showed that LiCl attenuated the neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the LPS-treated adult rat brain. Taken together, our Western blot and morphological results indicated that LiCl significantly prevents the LPS-induced neurotoxicity via attenuation of neuroinflammation and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tahir Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Noman Abid
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Yoon
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Cheon
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao WX, Zhang JH, Cao JB, Wang W, Wang DX, Zhang XY, Yu J, Zhang YY, Zhang YZ, Mi WD. Acetaminophen attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant activity. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28109286 PMCID: PMC5251335 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable evidence has shown that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and other progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that acetaminophen (APAP) has unappreciated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the impact of APAP on the cognitive sequelae of inflammatory and oxidative stress is unknown. The objective of this study is to explore whether APAP could have neuroprotective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Methods A mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of APAP against LPS-induced cognitive impairment. Adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with APAP half an hour prior to intracerebroventricular microinjection of LPS and every day thereafter, until the end of the study period. The Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive function from postinjection days 1 to 3. Animal behavioural tests as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate LPS-induced hippocampal damage and the neuroprotective effect of APAP. Results Mice treated with LPS exhibited impaired performance in the Morris water maze without changing spontaneous locomotor activity, which was ameliorated by treatment with APAP. APAP suppressed the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation induced by LPS in the hippocampus. In addition, APAP increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels, modulated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, APAP significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that APAP may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced cognitive impairment and inflammatory and oxidative stress via mechanisms involving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore and the subsequent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Zhao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun-Han Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Dong-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - You-Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Key laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Capuron L, Lasselin J, Castanon N. Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:115-128. [PMID: 27402495 PMCID: PMC5143483 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and metabolic disorders, including overweight and obesity, appear tightly interrelated. The prevalence of these conditions is concurrently growing worldwide, and both depression and overweight/obesity represent substantial risk factors for multiple medical complications. Moreover, there is now multiple evidence for a bidirectional relationship between depression and increased adiposity, with overweight/obesity being associated with an increased prevalence of depression, and in turn, depression augmenting the risk of weight gain and obesity. Although the reasons for this intricate link between depression and increased adiposity remain unclear, converging clinical and preclinical evidence points to a critical role for inflammatory processes and related alterations of brain functions. In support of this notion, increased adiposity leads to a chronic low-grade activation of inflammatory processes, which have been shown elsewhere to have a potent role in the pathophysiology of depression. It is therefore highly possible that adiposity-driven inflammation contributes to the development of depressive disorders and their growing prevalence worldwide. This review will present recent evidence in support of this hypothesis and will discuss the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Altogether, findings presented here should help to better understand the mechanisms linking adiposity to depression and facilitate the identification of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Capuron
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), INRA, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Universitäts Klinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), INRA, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Wang L, Xu Y, Yu Q, Li L, Guo Y. Intranasal administration of Exendin-4 antagonizes Aβ31-35-induced disruption of circadian rhythm and impairment of learning and memory. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1259-1266. [PMID: 26920423 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can disrupt circadian rhythm and impair learning and memory. Exendin-4, a therapeutic drug for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exerts neuroprotective effects from the toxicity of Aβ. However, it is not clear whether Exendin-4 protects against Aβ-induced disruption of circadian rhythm. The neuroprotective effects of Exendin-4 have been studied using injection of Exendin-4 into the lateral ventricle and abdomen. However, these procedures are not suitable for clinical application. METHODS First, male C57BL/6 mice received triple distilled water or Exendin-4 (0.1 nmol, 0.5 nmol) by intranasal administration. Exendin-4 levels were measured in the hippocampal samples using an ELISA Kit. Then, the study examined whether intranasal or hippocampal administration of Exendin-4 antagonized Aβ-induced disruption of circadian rhythm as well as impairment of learning and memory using the wheel-running activity assay and the Morris water maze test. RESULTS The study showed that intranasally administered Exendin-4 passed through the blood-brain barrier. Aβ31-35 given by intrahippocampal injection disrupted circadian rhythm and impaired learning and memory in C57BL/6 mice, and Exendin-4 given by nasal cavity or hippocampal administration ameliorated Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disturbance of locomotor activity and impairment of learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide pivotal experimental support for further study of the neuroprotective effects and clinical application of Exendin-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qiu C, Wang YP, Pan XD, Liu XY, Chen Z, Liu LB. Exendin-4 protects Aβ(1-42) oligomer-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3540-3548. [PMID: 27648144 PMCID: PMC5009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Most recently, GLP-1 analogs have been shown to have a significant neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, few are known on its potential mechanism. OBJECTIVE In this study, we report the effect of exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on amyloid-β(1-42) peptide oligomer-induced apoptosis in a PC12 neuronal cell model. METHODS MTT, DAPI and Annexin-V/PI assays revealed that the viability of PC12 cells decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure to amyloid-β(1-42) oligomers. This apoptotic effect could be attenuated by Ex-4 (100-300 nM) pre-treatment, compared with the PC12 cells treated with amyloid-β(1-42) oligomers alone. Moreover, treatment with amyloid-β(1-42) oligomers (10 μM) resulted in a decrease in active- and pro-caspase-3 expression, as well as in Bcl-2 protein expression; suggesting that amyloid-β(1-42) oligomers impaired neuronal cells via the apoptosis signaling pathway. A further study of this mechanism revealed that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and CREB. As expected, pre-treatment with Ex-4 (300 nM) increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduced active caspase-3 expression levels. In addition, Ex-4 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of Akt and CREB. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that GLP-1 analogue Ex-4 has a neuroprotective effect against AβO-induced PC12 cell apoptosis through reversing the impairment of the neuronal survival signaling pathway. This strongly suggests that Ex-4 is a potential therapeutic option for ameliorating AβO-induced neurotoxicity in the clinical application of Ex-4 for AD treatment, particularly when associated with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Bin Liu
- Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Institute of Geriatric Health Science, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kanoski SE, Hayes MR, Skibicka KP. GLP-1 and weight loss: unraveling the diverse neural circuitry. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R885-95. [PMID: 27030669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00520.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is currently one of the most promising biological systems for the development of effective obesity pharmacotherapies. Long-acting GLP-1 analogs potently reduce food intake and body weight, and recent discoveries reveal that peripheral administration of these drugs reduces food intake largely through humoral pathways involving direct action on brain GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R). Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the neural systems through which GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 analogs reduce food intake and body weight. In this review, we discuss several neural, physiological, cellular and molecular, as well as behavioral mechanisms through which peripheral and central GLP-1R signaling reduces feeding. Particular attention is devoted to discussion regarding the numerous neural substrates through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce food intake and body weight, including various hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area), hindbrain nuclei (parabrachial nucleus, medial nucleus tractus solitarius), hippocampus (ventral subregion; vHP), and nuclei embedded within the mesolimbic reward circuitry [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)]. In some of these nuclei [VTA, NAc, and vHP], GLP-1R activation reduces food intake and body weight without concomitant nausea responses, suggesting that targeting these specific pathways may be of particular interest for future obesity pharmacotherapy. The widely distributed neural systems through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce body weight highlight the complexity of the neural systems regulating energy balance, as well as the challenges for developing effective obesity pharmacotherapies that reduce feeding without producing parallel negative side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania; and
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zanotto C, Simão F, Gasparin MS, Biasibetti R, Tortorelli LS, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Exendin-4 Reverses Biochemical and Functional Alterations in the Blood-Brain and Blood-CSF Barriers in Diabetic Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2154-2166. [PMID: 26927659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with micro- and macrovascular alterations that contribute to the cognitive impairment observed in diabetic patients. Signs of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been found in patients and animal models of DM. Breakdown of the BBB and BCSFB can lead to disruptions in cerebral homeostasis and eventually neural dysfunction and degeneration. However, our understanding of the biochemistry underlying barrier protein modifications is incomplete. Herein, we evaluated changes in the levels of specific proteins in the BBB (occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1, and aquaporin-4) and BCSFB (claudin-2 and aquaporin-1) in the hippocampus of diabetic rats, and we also investigated the functional alterations in these barriers. In addition, we evaluated the ability of exendin-4 (EX-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist that can cross the BBB to reverse the functional and biochemical modifications observed in these animals. We observed a decrease in BBB proteins (except ZO-1) in diabetic rats, whereas the EX-4 treatment recovered the occludin and aquaporin-4 levels. Similarly, we observed a decrease in BCSFB proteins in diabetic rats, whereas EX-4 reversed such changes. EX-4 also reversed alterations in the permeability of the BBB and BCSFB in diabetic rats. Additionally, altered cognitive parameters in diabetic rats were improved by EX-4. These data further our understanding of the alterations in the central nervous system caused by DM, particularly changes in the proteins and permeability of the brain barriers, as well as cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, these data suggest a role for EX-4 in therapeutic strategies for cognitive dysfunction in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Zanotto
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Simão
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuela Sangalli Gasparin
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regina Biasibetti
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Tortorelli
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nardin
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou Y, Xie G, Liu X, Li G, Jia C, Xu J, Wang B. Minocycline protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:905-16. [PMID: 26645224 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The role of glial cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, in neuroinflammation and cognition has been studied intensively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a commonly used inducer of neuroinflammation, can cause cognitive impairment. Minocycline is known to possess potent neuroprotective activity, but its effect on LPS-induced cognitive impairment is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of minocycline on LPS-induced cognitive impairment and glial cell activation in mice. METHODS Behavioral tests were conducted for cognitive function, immunohistochemistry for microglial and astrocyte response, and quantitative PCR for mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Minocycline significantly reversed the decreased spontaneous alternation induced by intrahippocampal administration of LPS in the Y-maze task. In the Morris water maze place navigation test, minocycline decreased the escape latency and distance traveled compared to LPS-treated mice. In the probe test, minocycline-treated mice spent more time in the target quadrant and crossed the platform area more frequently than animals in the LPS-treated group. Minocycline produced a significant decrease in the number of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive hippocampal cells compared to the LPS-treated group. Minocycline-treated mice had significantly reduced hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels compared with LPS-treated animals. Minocycline caused a significant increase in hippocampal BDNF expression compared to the LPS-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline can attenuate LPS-induced cognitive impairments in mice. This effect may be associated with its action to suppress the activation of microglia and astrocytes and to normalize BDNF expression. Since neuroinflammatory processes and cognitive impairments are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, minocycline may be a promising candidate for treating such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanbo Xie
- The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 100071, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoxun Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play a major role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations or accompanied by enhanced endothelium-dependent contractions, is a hallmark of and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension has been linked to decreases in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reflecting the impaired generation of NO and/or the enhanced inactivation of NO by reactive oxygen species. Many of these conditions can be improved by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a proglucagon-derived hormone secreted by intestinal endocrine L-type cells, which is rapidly inactivated by an enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in circulation. On one hand, GLP-1 analogues or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors upregulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, resulting in improved production of NO and thus endothelium-dependent relaxations. On the other hand, GLP-1 and related agents attenuate endothelium-dependent contractions by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. GLP-1 elevating agents and GLP-1 receptor agonists improve endothelial function in hypertension, suggesting that GLP-1 signaling could be a therapeutic target in hypertension-related vascular events.
Collapse
|
40
|
Inhibiting receptor for advanced glycation end product (AGE) and oxidative stress involved in the protective effect mediated by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor on AGE induced neuronal apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 2016; 612:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
41
|
Huang HJ, Chen SL, Hsieh-Li HM. Administration of NaHS Attenuates Footshock-Induced Pathologies and Emotional and Cognitive Dysfunction in Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:312. [PMID: 26635562 PMCID: PMC4658416 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental risk factors in young adults may accelerate cognitive loss in AD and that Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) may represent an innovative treatment to slow the progression of AD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaHS, an H2S donor, in a triple transgenic AD mouse model (3×Tg-AD) under footshock with situational reminders (SRs). Inescapable footshock with SRs induced anxiety and cognitive dysfunction as well as a decrease in the levels of plasma H2S and GSH and an increase in IL-6 levels in 3×Tg-AD mice. Under footshock with SR stimulus, amyloid deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and microgliosis were highly increased in the stress-responsive brain structures, including the hippocampus and amygdala, of the AD mice. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) levels were also increased, and the level of inactivated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) (pSer9) was decreased in the hippocampi of AD mice subjected to footshock with SRs. Furthermore, the numbers of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) were also decreased in the 3×Tg-AD mice under footshock with SRs. These biochemical hallmarks and pathological presentations were all alleviated by the semi-acute administration of NaHS in the AD mice. Together, these findings suggest that footshock with SRs induces the impairment of spatial cognition and emotion, which involve pathological changes in the peripheral and central systems, including the hippocampus, MS/DB, LC, and BLA, and that the administration of NaHS may be a candidate strategy to ameliorate the progression of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang XY, Cao JB, Zhang LM, Li YF, Mi WD. Deferoxamine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:20. [PMID: 25644393 PMCID: PMC4323121 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation often results in enduring cognitive impairment and is a risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. There are currently no effective treatments for infection-induced cognitive impairment. Previous studies have shown that the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) can increase the resistance of neurons to injury and disease by stimulating adaptive cellular stress responses. However, the impact of DFO on the cognitive sequelae of neuroinflammation is unknown. Methods A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of DFO against LPS-induced memory deficits and neuroinflammation. Adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with 0.5 μg of DFO 3 days prior to intracerebroventricular microinjection of 2 μg of LPS. Cognitive function was assessed using a Morris water maze from post-injection days 1 to 3. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate the LPS-induced hippocampal damage and the neuroprotective effect of DFO. Results Treatment of mice with LPS resulted in deficits in cognitive performance in the Morris water maze without changing locomotor activity, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with DFO. DFO prevented LPS-induced microglial activation and elevations of IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, DFO attenuated elevated expression of caspase-3, modulated GSK3β activity, and prevented LPS-induced increases of MDA and SOD levels in the hippocampus. DFO also significantly blocked LPS-induced iron accumulation and altered expression of proteins related to iron metabolism in the hippocampus. Conclusions Our results suggest that DFO may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits via mechanisms involving maintenance of less brain iron, prevention of neuroinflammation, and alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Multifunctional Effects of Mangosteen Pericarp on Cognition in C57BL/6J and Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:813672. [PMID: 25525451 PMCID: PMC4267462 DOI: 10.1155/2014/813672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mangosteen- (Garcinia mangostana-) based nutraceutical compounds have long been reported to possess multiple health-promoting properties. The current study investigated whether mangosteen pericarp (MP) could attenuate cognitive dysfunction. First, we found that treatment with MP significantly reduced the cell death and increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC). We then investigated the effects of age and MP diet on the cognitive function of male C57BL/6J (B6) mice. After 8-month dietary supplementation, the MP diet (5000 ppm) significantly attenuated the cognitive impairment associated with anti-inflammation, increasing BDNF level and decreasing p-tau (phospho-tau S202) in older B6 mice. We further applied MP dietary supplementation to triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3×Tg-AD) mice from 5 to 13 months old. The MP diet exerted neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects and reduced the Aβ deposition and p-tau (S202/S262) levels in the hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD mice, which might further attenuate the deficit in spatial memory retrieval. Thus, these results revealed that the multifunctional properties of MP might offer a promising supplementary diet to attenuate cognitive dysfunction in AD.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lennox R, Flatt PR, Gault VA. Lixisenatide improves recognition memory and exerts neuroprotective actions in high-fat fed mice. Peptides 2014; 61:38-47. [PMID: 25195184 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic benefits of lixisenatide as an anti-diabetic agent are recognized but potential extra-pancreatic effects of this glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic in the brain are less well known. This study examines actions within the hippocampus following chronic 40-day peripheral administration of lixisenatide to high-fat fed mice with established obesity, insulin resistance and impaired cognition. Lixisenatide (50 nmol/kg bw, twice-daily) resulted in marked improvements in glycemic status, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Examination of pancreatic tissue revealed decreased islet area, increased islet number, and increased insulin content, with no evidence of pancreatic inflammation. Lixisenatide improved recognition memory during a novel object recognition task and this was associated with up-regulation of hippocampal expression of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) genes involved in modulating synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Lixisenatide also enhanced progenitor cell proliferation and increased the number of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These data indicate that lixisenatide is not only a new efficacious drug for treatment of diabetes but it also exerts favorable neuroprotective effects, reversing memory impairment in obesity-diabetes. Further clinical studies are necessary to fully assess potential beneficial actions of lixisenatide in the hippocampus and cognition in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lennox
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans under hyperglycaemia. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM), GLP-1 improves glycaemic control without a hypoglycaemia risk. GLP-1 receptors have also been found in extra-pancreatic tissues, e.g., the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and the central nervous system. Since cardiovascular comorbidities and degenerative neurological changes are associated with T2DM, the interest in the extrapancreatic effects of GLP-1 has increased. GLP-1-based therapies with either GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) or DPP-4 inhibitors (that delay the degradation of endogenous GLP-1) have become widely used therapeutic options in T2DM. In clinical studies, GLP-1 RA have demonstrated a significant lowering of blood pressure that is independent of body weight changes. Preclinical data and small short-term studies with GLP-1 and GLP-1 RA have shown cardioprotective effects in ischaemia models. GLP-1 as well as a treatment with GLP-1 RA also induces a stable body weight loss by affecting GLP-1 signaling in the hypothalamus and by slowing gastric emptying. Regarding neuroprotective actions in degenerative neurological disease models for Parkinson's- or Alzheimer's disease or neurovascular complications like stroke, animal studies have shown positive results. In this article, a summary of the extrapancreatic effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1-based therapies is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptist Gallwitz
- Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls-University, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hou Y, Xie G, Miao F, Ding L, Mou Y, Wang L, Su G, Chen G, Yang J, Wu C. Pterostilbene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced learning and memory impairment possibly via inhibiting microglia activation and protecting neuronal injury in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:92-102. [PMID: 24709550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of pterostilbene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory impairment as well as the possible changes of microglia and neurons. Firstly, learning and memory function was investigated by behavioral tests. Pterostilbene attenuated LPS-induced learning and memory impairment tested by Y-maze and Morris water maze. Secondly, immunohistochemical method was used to study the changes of microglia and neurons. The results showed that pterostilbene produced a significant decrease in the number of Iba-1 and Doublecortin (DCX) positive cells and a significant increase in neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)-stained area of neurons in mouse hippocampal compared to the LPS group. Finally, an in vitro study was performed to further confirm the inhibitory effect on microglia activation and protective effect on neurons exerted by pterostilbene. The results demonstrated that pterostilbene significantly inhibited microglia activation, showing the obvious decrease of LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in N9 microglial cells. In addition, the viability of SH-SY5Y cells decreased by conditioned media of LPS-activated N9 microglial cells was remarkably recovered by pterostilbene. In summary, the present study demonstrated for the first time that pterostilbene attenuated LPS-induced learning and memory impairment, which may be associated with its inhibitory effect on microglia activation and protective effect on neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guanbo Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fengrong Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang S, Zhou SL, Min FY, Ma JJ, Shi XJ, Bereczki E, Wu J. mTOR-mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:729-36. [PMID: 24682776 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling have been recently implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the implication of mTOR in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related cognitive dysfunction still remains unknown. In the present study, we found that phosphorylated mTOR at Ser2448, phosphorylated p70S6K at Thr421/Ser424 and phosphorylated tau at Ser396 were significantly increased in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice when compared with control mice. A low dose of rapamycin was used to elucidate the role of mTOR signaling in DM-related cognitive deficit. Rapamycin restored abnormal mTOR/p70S6K signaling and attenuated the phosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. Furthermore, the spatial learning and memory function of diabetic mice significantly impaired compared with control mice, was also reversed by rapamycin. These findings indicate that mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway is hyperactive in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic mice and inhibiting mTOR signaling with rapamycin prevents the DM-related cognitive deficits partly through attenuating the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Seufert J, Gallwitz B. The extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a focus on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:673-88. [PMID: 24373150 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide have been shown to improve glycaemic control and beta-cell function with a low risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptors are also expressed in extra-pancreatic tissues and trial data suggest that GLP-1RAs also have effects beyond their glycaemic actions. Preclinical studies using native GLP-1 or GLP-1RAs provide substantial evidence for cardioprotective effects, while clinical trial data have shown beneficial actions on hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. Significant weight loss has been reported with GLP-1RAs in both people with type 2 diabetes and obese people without diabetes. GLP-1RAs also slow down gastric emptying, but preclinical data suggest that the main mechanism behind GLP-1RA-induced weight loss is more likely to involve their effects on appetite signalling in the brain. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to exert a neuroprotective role in rodent models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1RAs could provide multi-factorial benefits to people with type 2 diabetes. Potential adverse effects of GLP-1RA treatment are usually manageable but may include gastrointestinal effects, increased heart rate and renal injury. While extensive further research is still required, early data suggest that GLP-1RAs may also have the potential to favourably impact cardiovascular disease, obesity or neurological disorders in people without diabetes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Seino Y, Yabe D. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1: Incretin actions beyond the pancreas. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:108-30. [PMID: 24843641 PMCID: PMC4019264 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the two primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine on ingestion of various nutrients to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells glucose-dependently. GIP and GLP-1 undergo degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), and rapidly lose their biological activities. The actions of GIP and GLP-1 are mediated by their specific receptors, the GIP receptor (GIPR) and the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are expressed in pancreatic β-cells, as well as in various tissues and organs. A series of investigations using mice lacking GIPR and/or GLP-1R, as well as mice lacking DPP-4, showed involvement of GIP and GLP-1 in divergent biological activities, some of which could have implications for preventing diabetes-related microvascular complications (e.g., retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (e.g., coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease), as well as diabetes-related comorbidity (e.g., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bone fracture and cognitive dysfunction). Furthermore, recent studies using incretin-based drugs, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, which stably activate GLP-1R signaling, and DPP-4 inhibitors, which enhance both GLP-1R and GIPR signaling, showed that GLP-1 and GIP exert effects possibly linked to prevention or treatment of diabetes-related complications and comorbidities independently of hyperglycemia. We review recent findings on the extrapancreatic effects of GIP and GLP-1 on the heart, brain, kidney, eye and nerves, as well as in the liver, fat and several organs from the perspective of diabetes-related complications and comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Division of Diabetes Clinical Nutrition and Endocrinology Kansai Electric Power Hospital Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hayes MR, Mietlicki-Baase EG, Kanoski SE, De Jonghe BC. Incretins and amylin: neuroendocrine communication between the gut, pancreas, and brain in control of food intake and blood glucose. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:237-60. [PMID: 24819325 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arguably the most fundamental physiological systems for all eukaryotic life are those governing energy balance. Without sufficient energy, an individual is unable to survive and reproduce. Thus, an ever-growing appreciation is that mammalian physiology developed a redundant set of neuroendocrine signals that regulate energy intake and expenditure, which maintains sufficient circulating energy, predominantly in the form of glucose, to ensure that energy needs are met throughout the body. This orchestrated control requires cross talk between the gastrointestinal tract, which senses the incoming meal; the pancreas, which produces glycemic counterregulatory hormones; and the brain, which controls autonomic and behavioral processes regulating energy balance. Therefore, this review highlights the physiological, pharmacological, and pathophysiological effects of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, as well as the pancreatic hormone amylin, on energy balance and glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|