1
|
Li Z, Gao M, Liu R, Chang C, Ge F. Effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum under elevated CO 2. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15811. [PMID: 37576495 PMCID: PMC10414027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The raising trend of cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic cotton is faced with a new challenge what effects on the growth and yield of Bt cotton under elevated CO2. Methods Rhizobacteria is the significant biological regulator to increase environmental suitability and ameliorate soil-nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, especially Bt cotton. Pot-culture experiments investigated the effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton (transgenic Line SCRC 37) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) under elevated CO2. Results The findings indicated that the inoculation of azotobacter significantly improved the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton, the elevated CO2 significantly increased the soil density of A. chroococcum and the partial yield indexes (as cottonweightper 20 bolls, lint yield per 20 bolls and boll number per plant), and non-significant decrease the fiber quality components of Bt cotton except uniform. Discussion Overall results obviously depicted that the inoculation of azotobacter and the elevated CO2 had positive effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton. Presumably, azotobacter inoculation can be used to stimulate plant soil-nitrogen uptake and promote plant growth for Bt cotton under elevated CO2 in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Rujie Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Liu J, Fu M, Liu H, Wang W, Wang S, Chen F. The efficacy of Azotobacter chroococcum in altering maize plant-defense responses to armyworm at elevated CO 2 concentration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114296. [PMID: 36399994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations can alter the carbon:nitrogen ratio and palatability of host plants for herbivorous insects, but rhizobacteria likely mitigate the alteration and influence physiological adaptation of insects. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of maize (Zea mays) response to Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) inoculation under eCO2 conditions in contrast to ambient CO2 (aCO2), and studied the effects of plant-defense change of maize under eCO2 on the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Results showed that there were 16, 14, 16 and 135 differentially expressed genes that were associated with plant-defense response in maize leaves between aCO2-CK and aCO2-AC, eCO2-CK and eCO2-AC, aCO2-CK and eCO2-CK, aCO2-AC and eCO2-AC, respectively. Moreover, A. chroococcum inoculation and eCO2 influenced plant hormone signal transduction of maize. Interestingly, A. chroococcum inoculation significantly decreased the contents of JA (jasmonic acid) and JA-Ile (isoleucine conjugate of JA) in leaves, but eCO2 markedly increased contents of JA-Ile, JA and SA (salicylic acid). Compared to aCO2, eCO2 significantly decreased activity of protective enzyme (catalase), and increased activities of digestive (lipase and protease), protective (peroxidase) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, Mixed-functional oxidase and glutathione s-transferase), prolonged developmental time, and decreased survival rate and body weight of larvae (P < 0.05). A. chroococcum inoculation significantly increased the activity of protective enzyme (catalase), and decreased the activities of detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, glutathione s-transferase and mixed-functional oxidase), thus increased the growth rate and body weight of larvae in comparison with no-inoculation of A. chroococcum (P < 0.05). The indices of M. separata were significantly correlated with the foliar contents of JA, JA-Ile and SA (|r| = 0.44-0.85, P < 0.05), indicating that A. chroococcum inoculation altered the physiological adaptation of M. separata under eCO2 by disturbing defense substances in maize. Our results in understanding effects of A. chroococcum inoculation on maize resistance to herbivorous insects will be valuable for agricultural pest control in the future at eCO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Menglu Fu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weitong Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shishi Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ngumbi E, Dady E, Calla B. Flooding and herbivory: the effect of concurrent stress factors on plant volatile emissions and gene expression in two heirloom tomato varieties. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:536. [PMID: 36396998 PMCID: PMC9670554 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nature and in cultivated fields, plants encounter multiple stress factors. Nonetheless, our understanding of how plants actively respond to combinatorial stress remains limited. Among the least studied stress combination is that of flooding and herbivory, despite the growing importance of these stressors in the context of climate change. We investigated plant chemistry and gene expression changes in two heirloom tomato varieties: Cherokee Purple (CP) and Striped German (SG) in response to flooding, herbivory by Spodoptera exigua, and their combination. RESULTS Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in tomato plants subjected to flooding and/or herbivory included several mono- and sesquiterpenes. Flooding was the main factor altering VOCs emission rates, and impacting plant biomass accumulation, while different varieties had quantitative differences in their VOC emissions. At the gene expression levels, there were 335 differentially expressed genes between the two tomato plant varieties, these included genes encoding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-CoA-reductase-like, and phytoene synthase (Psy1). Flooding and variety effects together influenced abscisic acid (ABA) signaling genes with the SG variety showing higher levels of ABA production and ABA-dependent signaling upon flooding. Flooding downregulated genes associated with cytokinin catabolism and general defense response and upregulated genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and gibberellin biosynthesis. Combining flooding and herbivory induced the upregulation of genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), PAL, and genes encoding BAHD acyltransferase and UDP-glucose iridoid glucosyltransferase-like genes in one of the tomato varieties (CP) and a disproportionate number of heat-shock proteins in SG. Only the SG variety had measurable changes in gene expression due to herbivory alone, upregulating zeatin, and O-glucosyltransferase and thioredoxin among others. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both heirloom tomato plant varieties differ in their production of secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids and terpenoids and their regulation and activation of ABA signaling upon stress associated with flooding. Herbivory and flooding together had interacting effects that were evident at the level of plant chemistry (VOCs production), gene expression and biomass markers. Results from our study highlight the complex nature of plant responses to combinatorial stresses and point at specific genes and pathways that are affected by flooding and herbivory combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Erinn Dady
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bernarda Calla
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bazinet Q, Tang L, Bede JC. Impact of Future Elevated Carbon Dioxide on C 3 Plant Resistance to Biotic Stresses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:527-539. [PMID: 34889654 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-21-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Before the end of the century, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are predicted to increase to approximately 900 ppm. This will dramatically affect plant physiology and influence environmental interactions and, in particular, plant resistance to biotic stresses. This review is a broad survey of the current research on the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on phytohormone-mediated resistance of C3 agricultural crops and related model species to pathogens and insect herbivores. In general, while plants grown in eCO2 often have increased constitutive and induced salicylic acid levels and suppressed induced jasmonate levels, there are exceptions that implicate other environmental factors, such as light and nitrogen fertilization in modulating these responses. Therefore, this review sets the stage for future studies to delve into understanding the mechanistic basis behind how eCO2 will affect plant defensive phytohormone signaling pathways under future predicted environmental conditions that could threaten global food security to inform the best agricultural management practices.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Bazinet
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie H, Shi F, Li J, Yu M, Yang X, Li Y, Fan J. The Reciprocal Effect of Elevated CO 2 and Drought on Wheat-Aphid Interaction System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853220. [PMID: 35909776 PMCID: PMC9330134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, climate change is predicted to intensify episodes of drought. However, our understanding of how combined environmental conditions, such as elevated CO2 and drought together, will influence crop-insect interactions is limited. In the present study, the direct effects of combined elevated CO2 and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum) nutritional quality and insect resistance, and the indirect effects on the grain aphid (Sitobion miscanthi) performance were investigated. The results showed that, in wheat, elevated CO2 alleviated low water content caused by drought stress. Both elevated CO2 and drought promoted soluble sugar accumulation. However, opposite effects were found on amino acid content-it was decreased by elevated CO2 and increased by drought. Further, elevated CO2 down-regulated the jasmonic acid (JA) -dependent defense, but up-regulated the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense. Meanwhile, drought enhanced abscisic acid accumulation that promoted the JA-dependent defense. For aphids, their feeding always induced phytohormone resistance in wheat under either elevated CO2 or drought conditions. Similar aphid performance between the control and the combined two factors were observed. We concluded that the aphid damage suffered by wheat in the future under combined elevated CO2 and drier conditions tends to maintain the status quo. We further revealed the mechanism by which it happened from the aspects of wheat water content, nutrition, and resistance to aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fengyu Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jingshi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jia Fan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Fan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roy S, Mathur P. Delineating the mechanisms of elevated CO 2 mediated growth, stress tolerance and phytohormonal regulation in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1345-1365. [PMID: 34169360 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has drastically affected natural ecosystems and crop productivity. Among several factors of global climate change, CO2 is considered to be the dynamic parameter that will regulate the responses of all biological system on earth in the coming decade. A number of experimental studies in the past have demonstrated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis, growth and biomass, biochemical and physiological processes such as increased C:N ratio, secondary metabolite production, as well as phytohormone concentrations. On the other hand, elevated CO2 imparts an adverse effect on the nutritional quality of crop plants and seed quality. Investigations have also revealed effects of elevated CO2 both at cellular and molecular level altering expression of various genes involved in various metabolic processes and stress signaling pathways. Elevated CO2 is known to have mitigating effect on plants in presence of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature etc., while contrasting effects in the presence of different biotic agents i.e. phytopathogens, insects and herbivores. However, a well-defined crosstalk is incited by elevated CO2 both under abiotic and biotic stresses in terms of phytohormones concentration and secondary metabolites production. With this background, the present review attempts to shed light on the major effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth, physiological and molecular responses and will highlight the interactive effects of elevated CO2 with other abiotic and biotic factors. The article will also provide deep insights into the phytohormones modulation under elevated CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson SN, Waterman JM, Hall CR. Increased insect herbivore performance under elevated CO 2 is associated with lower plant defence signalling and minimal declines in nutritional quality. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14553. [PMID: 32883958 PMCID: PMC7471906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in insect herbivore performance under elevated atmosphere carbon dioxide concentrations e[CO2] are often driven by changes in the nutritional and defensive chemistry of their host plants. Studies addressing how the prolific pest cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) responds to e[CO2] show that performance usually declines, often associated with lower nutritional (e.g. nitrogen (N) concentrations) quality of host plants under e[CO2]. We investigated the impacts of e[CO2] on nutritional quality and anti-herbivore (jasmonate) defensive signalling in lucerne (Medicago sativa) when challenged by H. armigera. While foliar N decreased under e[CO2], other aspects of nutritional quality (soluble protein, amino acids, foliar C:N) were largely unaffected, potentially due to increased root nodulation under e[CO2]. In contrast, e[CO2] greatly reduced jasmonate signalling in M. sativa following H. armigera attack; jasmonic acid concentrations were ca. 56% lower in attacked plants grown under e[CO2]. Concurrent with this, relative growth rates of H. armigera were ca. 66% higher when feeding on e[CO2]-grown plants. In contrast with previous reports, which we meta-analytically summarise, we provide the first evidence that H. armigera performance can increase under e[CO2]. This may occur in plants, such as M. sativa, where e[CO2] has limited impacts on nutritional quality yet reduces jasmonate defence signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Casey R Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palit P, Kudapa H, Zougmore R, Kholova J, Whitbread A, Sharma M, Varshney RK. An integrated research framework combining genomics, systems biology, physiology, modelling and breeding for legume improvement in response to elevated CO 2 under climate change scenario. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 22:100149. [PMID: 32494569 PMCID: PMC7233140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
How unprecedented changes in climatic conditions will impact yield and productivity of some crops and their response to existing stresses, abiotic and biotic interactions is a key global concern. Climate change can also alter natural species' abundance and distribution or favor invasive species, which in turn can modify ecosystem dynamics and the provisioning of ecosystem services. Basic anatomical differences in C3 and C4 plants lead to their varied responses to climate variations. In plants having a C3 pathway of photosynthesis, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) positively regulates photosynthetic carbon (C) assimilation and depresses photorespiration. Legumes being C3 plants, they may be in a favorable position to increase biomass and yield through various strategies. This paper comprehensively presents recent progress made in the physiological and molecular attributes in plants with special emphasis on legumes under elevated CO2 conditions in a climate change scenario. A strategic research framework for future action integrating genomics, systems biology, physiology and crop modelling approaches to cope with changing climate is also discussed. Advances in sequencing and phenotyping methodologies make it possible to use vast genetic and genomic resources by deploying high resolution phenotyping coupled with high throughput multi-omics approaches for trait improvement. Integrated crop modelling studies focusing on farming systems design and management, prediction of climate impacts and disease forecasting may also help in planning adaptation. Hence, an integrated research framework combining genomics, plant molecular physiology, crop breeding, systems biology and integrated crop-soil-climate modelling will be very effective to cope with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Palit
- Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Robert Zougmore
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security program (CCAFS), Bamako, Mali
- Research Program- West & Central Africa, ICRISAT, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jana Kholova
- Research Program- Innovation System for Drylands, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Anthony Whitbread
- Research Program- Innovation System for Drylands, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- Research Program- Asia, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Decker LE, Hunter MD. Interspecific variation and elevated CO 2 influence the relationship between plant chemical resistance and regrowth tolerance. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5416-5430. [PMID: 32607163 PMCID: PMC7319169 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how comprehensive plant defense phenotypes will respond to global change, we investigated the legacy effects of elevated CO2 on the relationships between chemical resistance (constitutive and induced via mechanical damage) and regrowth tolerance in four milkweed species (Asclepias). We quantified potential resistance and tolerance trade-offs at the physiological level following simulated mowing, which are relevant to milkweed ecology and conservation. We examined the legacy effects of elevated CO2 on four hypothesized trade-offs between the following: (a) plant growth rate and constitutive chemical resistance (foliar cardenolide concentrations), (b) plant growth rate and mechanically induced chemical resistance, (c) constitutive resistance and regrowth tolerance, and (d) regrowth tolerance and mechanically induced resistance. We observed support for one trade-off between plant regrowth tolerance and mechanically induced resistance traits that was, surprisingly, independent of CO2 exposure. Across milkweed species, mechanically induced resistance increased by 28% in those plants previously exposed to elevated CO2. In contrast, constitutive resistance and the diversity of mechanically induced chemical resistance traits declined in response to elevated CO2 in two out of four milkweed species. Finally, previous exposure to elevated CO2 uncoupled the positive relationship between plant growth rate and regrowth tolerance following damage. Our data highlight the complex and dynamic nature of plant defense phenotypes under environmental change and question the generality of physiologically based defense trade-offs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D. Hunter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganBiological Sciences BuildingAnn ArborMIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hall CR, Mikhael M, Hartley SE, Johnson SN. Elevated atmospheric CO
2
suppresses jasmonate and silicon‐based defences without affecting herbivores. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond NSW Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown NSW Australia
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Q, Dai W, Wang X, Li J. Elevated CO 2 concentration affects the defense of tobacco and melon against lepidopteran larvae through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4060. [PMID: 32132576 PMCID: PMC7055285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive use of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution has led to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. What effects elevated CO2 concentrations (ECO2) have on the defense mechanisms plants employ against insects remains poorly understood. This study showed that ECO2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mol, increased the photosynthetic rate and biomass gain of tobacco and melon plants. However, while mass gain of Spodoptera litura, a nocturnal moth in the Noctuidae family, was higher when feeding on tobacco plants under ECO2, mass gain of Diaphania indica was reduced when feeding on melon plant at ECO2 compared to ambient CO2. Plants have many mechanisms to defend themselves against insects. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial element of plant defense against lepidopteran insects. Our study showed that JA levels increased in tobacco plants under ECO2 but decreased in melon plants. It is speculated that ECO2 changes plant resistance to insects mainly by affecting the JA signaling pathway. Nutrient analysis suggested defensive metabolites rather than changes in the total nitrogen or protein content of the plants led to the changes in plant defense levels under ECO2. In summary, ECO2 affects the interaction between plants and insects. The results may provide a theoretical basis for studying the changes in crop resistance to pests under ECO2 and predicting the impact of ECO2 on future agro-ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technolog, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technolog, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technolog, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Benevenuto RF, Seldal T, Polashock J, Moe SR, Rodriguez‐Saona C, Gillespie MAK, Hegland SJ. Molecular and ecological plant defense responses along an elevational gradient in a boreal ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2478-2491. [PMID: 32184995 PMCID: PMC7069305 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have the capacity to alter their phenotype in response to environmental factors, such as herbivory, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. However, little is known on how plant responses to herbivory are modulated by environmental variation along ecological gradients. To investigate this question, we used bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) plants and an experimental treatment to induce plant defenses (i.e., application of methyl jasmonate; MeJA), to observe ecological responses and gene expression changes along an elevational gradient in a boreal system in western Norway. The gradient included optimal growing conditions for bilberry in this region (ca. 500 m a.s.l.), and the plant's range limits at high (ca. 900 m a.s.l.) and low (100 m a.s.l.) elevations. Across all altitudinal sites, MeJA-treated plants allocated more resources to herbivory resistance while reducing growth and reproduction than control plants, but this response was more pronounced at the lowest elevation. High-elevation plants growing under less herbivory pressure but more resource-limiting conditions exhibited consistently high expression levels of defense genes in both MeJA-treated and untreated plants at all times, suggesting a constant state of "alert." These results suggest that plant defense responses at both the molecular and ecological levels are modulated by the combination of climate and herbivory pressure, such that plants under different environmental conditions differentially direct the resources available to specific antiherbivore strategies. Our findings are important for understanding the complex impact of future climate changes on plant-herbivore interactions, as this is a major driver of ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Tarald Seldal
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables LabPhilip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry ResearchUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceChatsworthNJUSA
| | - Stein R. Moe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Cesar Rodriguez‐Saona
- Department of EntomologyPhilip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry ResearchRutgersThe State University of New JerseyChatsworthNJUSA
| | - Mark A. K. Gillespie
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
| | - Stein Joar Hegland
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martinez Henao J, Demers LE, Grosser K, Schedl A, van Dam NM, Bede JC. Fertilizer Rate-Associated Increase in Foliar Jasmonate Burst Observed in Wounded Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves is Attenuated at eCO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1636. [PMID: 32010155 PMCID: PMC6977439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The predicted future increase in tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will have major effects on C3 plants and their interactions with other organisms in the biosphere. In response to attack by chewing arthropod herbivores or nectrotrophic pathogens, many plants mount a rapid and intense increase in jasmonate-related phytohormones that results in a robust defense response; however, previous studies have shown that C3 plants grown at elevated CO2 may have lower induced jasmonate levels, particularly in well nitrate-fertilized plants. Given the relationship between atmospheric CO2, photorespiration, cellular reductant and redox status, nitrogen assimilation and phytohormones, we compared wound-induced responses of the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants were fertilized at two different rates (1 or 10 mM) with nitrate or ammonium and grown at ambient or elevated CO2. In response to artificial wounding, an increase in cellular oxidative status leads to a strong increase in jasmonate phytohormones. At ambient CO2, increased oxidative state of nitrate-fertilized plants leads to a robust 7-iso-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine increase; however, the strong fertilizer rate-associated increase is alleviated in plants grown at elevated CO2. As well, the changes in ascorbate in response to wounding and wound-induced salicylic acid levels may also contribute to the suppression of the jasmonate burst. Understanding the mechanism underlying the attenuation of the jasmonate burst at elevated CO2 has important implications for fertilization strategies under future predicted climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Erik Demers
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Katharina Grosser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacqueline C. Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng S, Chen Z, Nie H, Sun S, Zhou D, Wang T, Zhai X, Liu T, Xing G, Li M. Identification of differentially expressed photosynthesis- and sugar synthesis-related genes in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) plants grown under different CO 2 concentrations. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1715833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Zheng
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongmei Nie
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xijiao Zhai
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Meilan Li
- Department of Horticultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Greenhouse Vegetable in Shanxi Province, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu H, Xie H, Wu S, Wang Z, He K. Effects of Elevated CO 2 and Increased N Fertilization on Plant Secondary Metabolites and Chewing Insect Fitness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:739. [PMID: 31214237 PMCID: PMC6558112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and increased nitrogen (N) fertilization significantly change the nutritional quality of plants and influence the growth and development of insects. However, little is known about plant metabolism and plant-insect interactions under eCO2 and increased N fertilization, especially C4 plants. Thus, the combined effects of eCO2 and increased N fertilization on maize-Ostrinia furnacalis interactions were tested in this study. Our data demonstrated that both eCO2 and increased N fertilization increased starch content, while increased N fertilization promoted the N content in maize. The combined effects of eCO2 and increased N fertilization did not influence the total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC):N ratio in maize. The jasmonic acid level of maize was enhanced by increased N fertilization and O. furnacalis infestation. The total phenolics content and defensive enzyme activities of maize increased under eCO2, increased N fertilization and O. furnacalis infestation. Protective enzyme activities were enhanced, while digestive enzyme activities, mean relative growth rate, body mass and efficiency of conversion of ingested food decreased for O. furnacalis feeding on maize grown under eCO2 and increased N fertilization. Therefore, eCO2 and increased N fertilization increased starch and N accumulation, and did not influence the TNC:N ratio, however, eCO2 and N promoted the resistance-related secondary metabolites (with or without O. furnacalis induced) of maize, which ultimately decreased the fitness of O. furnacalis to the host. These results will help to better understand the metabolic mechanisms of plants and the plant-insect interaction under eCO2 and increased N fertilization in the context of future climate change scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Haicui Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shengyong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva DM, Auad AM, Moraes JC, Silva SEB. How Do Collaria oleosa and Brachiaria spp. Respond to Increase in Carbon Dioxide Levels? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:340-348. [PMID: 30374739 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study determines the indirect effect of CO2 level increase on Collaria oleosa (Distant, 1863) (Hemiptera: Miridae) fed on Brachiaria spp. (Poaceae), at two trophic levels, and evaluates resistance to these forages against the insect pest. Mirid bug nymphs and host plant were maintained under four climate environments: (1) nymphs and plants kept at 400 ppm CO2 level; (2) nymphs kept at 400 ppm CO2 level and fed on plants grown at 700 ppm CO2 level; (3) nymphs kept at 700 ppm CO2 level and fed on plants grown at 400 ppm CO2 level; (4) nymphs and plants kept at 700 ppm CO2 level. A totally randomized design was employed with 50 replications. Mean duration and survival of each instar and nymphal phase of insect, subjected to different climate scenarios and food sources, were evaluated. High CO2 levels promote changes in the plant, which trigger changes in the biology of C. oleosa, especially when the insects are kept at the current CO2 level. Moreover, since longer developmental period and shorter survival rates will induce the reduction of the number of generations and number of specimens, it may be underscored that B. brizantha species resistance will be maintained in future climate scenarios. Similarly, genotypes of B. ruziziensis demonstrated that they will be resistant at current and future CO2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Silva
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - A M Auad
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038330, Brasil.
| | - J C Moraes
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - S E B Silva
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu C, Qi J, Hettenhausen C, Lei Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang C, Song J, Li J, Cao G, Malook SU, Wu J. Elevated CO 2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:412-431. [PMID: 29319235 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 (ECO2 ) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2 , the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insect-damaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2 . This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Lu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunting Lei
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mou Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoyan Cao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Saif Ul Malook
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong Y, Yi T, Tan X, Su J, Ge F. Microbes affected the TYLCCNV transmission rate by the Q biotype whitefly under high O 3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14412. [PMID: 29089507 PMCID: PMC5663716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that has a profound effect on whole ecosystems. In this study we studied how hO3 affected the transmission of the Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), a begomovirus, by the Q biotype Bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner. We found hO3 affected the transmission of TYLCCNV via the effect of it on the microbial community of the transmitting insect, such as Candidatus Hamiltonella, Ralstonia, Diaphorobacter, Caldilineaceae, Deinococcus, Rickettsia, Thysanophora penicillioides and Wallemia ichthyophaga. We concluded that hO3 decreased the resistance of acquiring virus tomatoes, and decreased the immune response and increased the endurance to extreme environments of viruliferous whiteflies by altering the composition and abundance of the microbial environments inside the body and on the surface of whitefly, as a result, it enhanced the TYLCV transmission rate by the Q biotype whitefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Hong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuyong Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thompson M, Gamage D, Hirotsu N, Martin A, Seneweera S. Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning: A Perspective on Root Sugar Sensing and Hormonal Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28848452 PMCID: PMC5550704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide will be of great concern in the future, as carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) are predicted to continue to rise. Elevated [CO2] causes increased photosynthesis in plants, which leads to greater production of carbohydrates and biomass. Which organ the extra carbohydrates are allocated to varies between species, but also within species. These carbohydrates are a major energy source for plant growth, but they also act as signaling molecules and have a range of uses beyond being a source of carbon and energy. Currently, there is a lack of information on how the sugar sensing and signaling pathways of plants are affected by the higher content of carbohydrates produced under elevated [CO2]. Particularly, the sugar signaling pathways of roots are not well understood, along with how they are affected by elevated [CO2]. At elevated [CO2], some plants allocate greater amounts of sugars to roots where they are likely to act on gene regulation and therefore modify nutrient uptake and transport. Glucose and sucrose also promote root growth, an effect similar to what occurs under elevated [CO2]. Sugars also crosstalk with hormones to regulate root growth, but also affect hormone biosynthesis. This review provides an update on the role of sugars as signaling molecules in plant roots and thus explores the currently known functions that may be affected by elevated [CO2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thompson
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dananjali Gamage
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo UniversityItakura-machi, Japan
| | - Anke Martin
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Geng S, Misra BB, de Armas E, Huhman DV, Alborn HT, Sumner LW, Chen S. Jasmonate-mediated stomatal closure under elevated CO 2 revealed by time-resolved metabolomics. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:947-962. [PMID: 27500669 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Foliar stomatal movements are critical for regulating plant water loss and gas exchange. Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels are known to induce stomatal closure. However, the current knowledge on CO2 signal transduction in stomatal guard cells is limited. Here we report metabolomic responses of Brassica napus guard cells to elevated CO2 using three hyphenated metabolomics platforms: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS); liquid chromatography (LC)-multiple reaction monitoring-MS; and ultra-high-performance LC-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS. A total of 358 metabolites from guard cells were quantified in a time-course response to elevated CO2 level. Most metabolites increased under elevated CO2 , showing the most significant differences at 10 min. In addition, reactive oxygen species production increased and stomatal aperture decreased with time. Major alterations in flavonoid, organic acid, sugar, fatty acid, phenylpropanoid and amino acid metabolic pathways indicated changes in both primary and specialized metabolic pathways in guard cells. Most interestingly, the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered in the course of elevated CO2 treatment. Together with results obtained from JA biosynthesis and signaling mutants as well as CO2 signaling mutants, we discovered that CO2 -induced stomatal closure is mediated by JA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Geng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Evaldo de Armas
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1400 Northpoint Parkway, West Palm Beach, FL, 33407, USA
| | - David V Huhman
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hans T Alborn
- Chemistry Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo H, Huang L, Sun Y, Guo H, Ge F. The Contrasting Effects of Elevated CO 2 on TYLCV Infection of Tomato Genotypes with and without the Resistance Gene, Mi-1.2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1680. [PMID: 27881989 PMCID: PMC5101426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 typically enhances photosynthesis of C3 plants and alters primary and secondary metabolites in plant tissue. By modifying the defensive signaling pathways in host plants, elevated CO2 could potentially affect the interactions between plants, viruses, and insects that vector viruses. R gene-mediated resistance in plants represents an efficient and highly specific defense against pathogens and herbivorous insects. The current study determined the effect of elevated CO2 on tomato plants with and without the nematode resistance gene Mi-1.2, which also confers resistance to some sap-sucking insects including whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Furthermore, the subsequent effects of elevated CO2 on the performance of the vector whiteflies and the severity of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were also determined. The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the biomass, plant height, and photosynthetic rate of both the Moneymaker and the Mi-1.2 genotype. Elevated CO2 decreased TYLCV disease incidence and severity for Moneymaker plants but had the opposite effect on Mi-1.2 plants whether the plants were agroinoculated or inoculated via B. tabaci feeding. Elevated CO2 increased the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway on Moneymaker plants but decreased the SA-signaling pathway on Mi-1.2 plants when infected by TYLCV. Elevated CO2 did not significantly affect B. tabaci fitness or the ability of viruliferous B. tabaci to transmit virus regardless of plant genotype. The results indicate that elevated CO2 increases the resistance of Moneymaker plants but decreases the resistance of Mi-1.2 plants against TYLCV, whether the plants are agroinoculated or inoculated by the vector. Our results suggest that plant genotypes containing the R gene Mi-1.2 will be more vulnerable to TYLCV and perhaps to other plant viruses under elevated CO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Tourism and Air Service College, Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Ahammed GJ, Li Z, Tang M, Yan P, Han W. Decreased Biosynthesis of Jasmonic Acid via Lipoxygenase Pathway Compromised Caffeine-Induced Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Under Elevated CO 2 in Tea Seedlings. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1270-1277. [PMID: 27392179 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-15-0336-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, the major purine alkaloid in tea has long been known for its role in plant defense. However, its effect on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides that causes brown blight disease in tea is largely unknown especially under elevated CO2. Here we show that elevated CO2 reduced endogenous caffeine content in tea leaves, but sharply increased susceptibility of tea to C. gloeosporioides. The expression of C. gloeosporioides actin gene was gradually increased during the postinoculation period. In contrast, foliar application of caffeine decreased the C. gloeosporioides-induced necrotic lesions and the expression of C. gloeosporioides actin. Analysis of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content revealed that exogenous caffeine could induce JA content under both CO2 conditions in absence of fungal infection; however, in presence of fungal infection, caffeine increased JA content only under elevated CO2. Furthermore, exogenous caffeine enhanced lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and its biosynthetic gene expression under both CO2 conditions, indicating that increased JA biosynthesis via LOX pathway by caffeine might strengthen plant defense only under elevated CO2, while caffeine-induced defense under ambient CO2 might be associated with JA-independent LOX pathway in tea. These results provide novel insights into caffeine-induced plant defense mechanisms that might help to develop an eco-friendly approach for disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhixin Li
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Meijun Tang
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Peng Yan
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wenyan Han
- All authors: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China; first, fourth, fifth, and six authors: Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China and second author: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rigsby CM, Herms DA, Bonello P, Cipollini D. Higher Activities of Defense-Associated Enzymes may Contribute to Greater Resistance of Manchurian Ash to Emerald Ash Borer Than A closely Related and Susceptible Congener. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:782-792. [PMID: 27484881 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle native to Asia that infests and kills ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Previous experiments indicated that larvae feeding on co-evolved, resistant Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) have increased antioxidant and quinone-protective enzyme activities compared to larvae feeding on susceptible North American species. Here, we examined mechanisms of host-generated oxidative and quinone-based stress and other putative defenses in Manchurian ash and the closely related and chemically similar, but susceptible, black ash (F. nigra), with and without exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce resistance mechanisms. Peroxidase activities were 4.6-13.3 times higher in Manchurian than black ash, although both species appeared to express the same three peroxidase isozymes. Additionally, peroxidase-mediated protein cross-linking activity was stronger in Manchurian ash. Polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, chitinase, and lipoxygenase activities also were greater in Manchurian ash, but only lipoxygenase activity increased with MeJA application. Phloem H2O2 levels were similar and were increased by MeJA application in both species. Lastly, trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in methanol and water extracts that were not allowed to oxidize, indicating the presence of phenolic-based trypsin inhibitors. However, no proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in either species. In response to MeJA application, Manchurian ash had higher trypsin inhibitor activity than black ash using the unoxidized water extracts, but no treatment effects were detected using methanol extracts. Based on these results we hypothesize that peroxidases, lignin polymerization, and quinone generation contribute to the greater resistance to EAB displayed by Manchurian ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Daniel A Herms
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bonello
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Don Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences PhD Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun Y, Guo H, Ge F. Plant-Aphid Interactions Under Elevated CO2: Some Cues from Aphid Feeding Behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:502. [PMID: 27148325 PMCID: PMC4829579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) accelerates the accumulation of carbohydrates and increases the biomass and yield of C3 crop plants, it also reduces their nitrogen concentration. The consequent changes in primary and secondary metabolites affect the palatability of host plants and the feeding of herbivorous insects. Aphids are phloem feeders and are considered the only feeding guild that positively responds to elevated CO2. In this review, we consider how elevated CO2 modifies host defenses, nutrients, and water-use efficiency by altering concentrations of the phytohormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. We will describe how these elevated CO2-induced changes in defenses, nutrients, and water statusfacilitate specific stages of aphid feeding, including penetration, phloem-feeding, and xylem absorption. We conclude that a better understanding of the effects of elevated CO2 on aphids and on aphid damage to crop plants will require research on the molecular aspects of the interaction between plant and aphid but also research on aphid interactions with their intra- and inter-specific competitors and with their natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Su Q, Oliver KM, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S, Zhang Y. The whitefly‐associated facultative symbiont
Hamiltonella defensa
suppresses induced plant defences in tomato. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
- College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Kerry M. Oliver
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Su Q, Preisser EL, Zhou XM, Xie W, Liu BM, Wang SL, Wu QJ, Zhang YJ. Manipulation of Host Quality and Defense by a Plant Virus Improves Performance of Whitefly Vectors. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:11-9. [PMID: 26470098 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-mediated interactions between insect vectors and their host plants can affect herbivore fitness and the epidemiology of plant diseases. While the role of plant quality and defense in mediating these tripartite interactions has been recognized, there are many ecologically and economically important cases where the nature of the interaction has yet to be characterized. The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) cryptic species Mediterranean (MED) is an important vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and performs better on virus-infected tomato than on uninfected controls. We assessed the impact of TYLCV infection on plant quality and defense, and the direct impact of TYLCV infection on MED feeding. We found that although TYLCV infection has a minimal direct impact on MED, the virus alters the nutritional content of leaf tissue and phloem sap in a manner beneficial to MED. TYLCV infection also suppresses herbivore-induced production of plant defensive enzymes and callose deposition. The strongly positive net effect on TYLCV on MED is consistent with previously reported patterns of whitefly behavior and performance, and provides a foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects and the evolutionary processes that shape them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Xiao Mao Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bai Ming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shao Li Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Jun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - You Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synergistic Effects of CO2 and LED Lighting on Accumulation of Terpenes in Roots of Gynura bicolor. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
28
|
Guo H, Sun Y, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Ge F. Elevated CO2 decreases the response of the ethylene signaling pathway in Medicago truncatula and increases the abundance of the pea aphid. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:279-291. [PMID: 24015892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by plant nutritional quality and resistance, which are likely to be altered by rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 . We previously reported that elevated CO2 enhanced biological nitrogen (N) fixation of Medicago truncatula, which could result in an increased supply of amino acids to the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The current study examined the N nutritional quality and aphid resistance of sickle, an ethylene-insensitive mutant of M. truncatula with supernodulation, and its wild-type control A17 under elevated CO2 in open-top field chambers. Regardless of CO2 concentration, growth and amino acid content were greater and aphid resistance was lower in sickle than in A17. Elevated CO2 up-regulated N assimilation and transamination-related enzymes activities and increased phloem amino acids in both genotypes. Furthermore, elevated CO2 down-regulated expression of 1-amino-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACC), sickle gene (SKL) and ethylene response transcription factors (ERF) genes in the ethylene signaling pathway of A17 when infested by aphids and decreased resistance against aphids in terms of lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Our results suggest that elevated CO2 suppresses the ethylene signaling pathway in M. truncatula, which results in an increase in plant nutritional quality for aphids and a decrease in plant resistance against aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo H, Sun Y, Li Y, Tong B, Harris M, Zhu-Salzman K, Ge F. Pea aphid promotes amino acid metabolism both in Medicago truncatula and bacteriocytes to favor aphid population growth under elevated CO2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3210-23. [PMID: 23686968 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO(2) levels can dilute the nitrogen (N) resource in plant tissue, which is disadvantageous to many herbivorous insects. Aphids appear to be an exception that warrants further study. The effects of elevated CO(2) (750 ppm vs. 390 ppm) were evaluated on N assimilation and transamination by two Medicago truncatula genotypes, a N-fixing-deficient mutant (dnf1) and its wild-type control (Jemalong), with and without pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation. Elevated CO(2) increased population abundance and feeding efficiency of aphids fed on Jemalong, but reduced those on dnf1. Without aphid infestation, elevated CO(2) increased photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, nodule number, biomass, and pod number for Jemalong, but only increased pod number and chlorophyll content for dnf1. Furthermore, aphid infested Jemalong plants had enhanced activities of N assimilation-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase, Glutamate synthase) and transamination-related enzymes (glutamate oxalate transaminase, glutamine phenylpyruvate transaminase), which presumably increased amino acid concentration in leaves and phloem sap under elevated CO(2). In contrast, aphid infested dnf1 plants had decreased activities of N assimilation-related enzymes and transmination-related enzymes and amino acid concentrations under elevated CO(2). Furthermore, elevated CO(2) up-regulated expression of genes relevant to amino acid metabolism in bacteriocytes of aphids associated with Jemalong, but down-regulated those associated with dnf1. Our results suggest that pea aphids actively elicit host responses that promote amino acid metabolism in both the host plant and in its bacteriocytes to favor the population growth of the aphid under elevated CO(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
DeLucia EH, Nabity PD, Zavala JA, Berenbaum MR. Climate change: resetting plant-insect interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1677-1685. [PMID: 22972704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan H DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
DeLucia EH, Nabity PD, Zavala JA, Berenbaum MR. Climate change: resetting plant-insect interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1677-85. [PMID: 22972704 PMCID: PMC3510101 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.204750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan H DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|