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Wei Q, Yin Y, Tong Q, Gong Z, Shi Y. Multi-omics analysis of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application: Assessing environmental damage and solutions in potato farming. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116916. [PMID: 39181078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are the third largest food crop globally and are pivotal for global food security. Widespread N fertilizer waste in potato cultivation has caused diverse environmental issues. This study employed microbial metagenomic sequencing to analyze the causes behind the declining N use efficiency (NUE) and escalating greenhouse gas emissions resulting from excessive N fertilizer application. Addressing N fertilizer inefficiency through breeding has emerged as a viable solution for mitigating overuse in potato cultivation. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were applied to identify N fertilizer-responsive genes. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that excessive N fertilizer application triggered alterations in the population dynamics of 11 major bacterial phyla, consequently affecting soil microbial functions, particularly N metabolism pathways and bacterial secretion systems. Notably, the enzyme levels associated with NO3- increased, and those associated with NO and N2O increased. Furthermore, excessive N fertilizer application enhanced soil virulence factors and increased potato susceptibility to diseases. Transcriptome and metabolome sequencing revealed significant impacts of excessive N fertilizer use on lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. Weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA) was adopted to identify two genes associated with N fertilizer response: PGSC0003DMG400021157 and PGSC0003DMG400009544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbin Yin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Harbin, China
| | - Qingsong Tong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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2
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Hughes Lago C, Blackburn D, Kinder Pavlicek M, Threadgill DS. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Campylobacter rectus and Closely Related Species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605372. [PMID: 39211246 PMCID: PMC11360918 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium strongly associated with periodontitis. It also causes various extraoral infections and is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and murine models. C. rectus and related oral Campylobacters have been termed "emerging Campylobacter species" because infections by these organisms are likely underreported. Previously, no comparative methods have been used to analyze more than single C. rectus strains and until recently, very few C. rectus genomes have been publicly available. More sequenced genomes and comparative analyses are needed to study the genomic features and pathogenicity of this species. We sequenced eight new C. rectus strains and used comparative methods to identify regions of interest. An emphasis was put on the type III flagellar secretion system (T3SS), type IV secretion system (T4SS), and type VI secretion system (T6SS) because these protein complexes are important for pathogenesis in other Campylobacter species. RAST, BV-BRC, and other bioinformatics tools were used to assemble, annotate, and compare these regions in the genomes. The pan-genome of C. rectus consists of 2670 genes with core and accessory genomes of 1429 and 1241 genes, respectively. All isolates analyzed in this study have T3SS and T6SS hallmark proteins, while five of the isolates are missing a T4SS system. Twenty-one prophage clusters were identified across the panel of isolates, including four that appear intact. Overall, significant genomic islands were found, suggesting regions in the genomes that underwent horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, the high frequency of CRISPR arrays and other repetitive elements has led to genome rearrangements across the strains, including in areas adjacent to secretion system gene clusters. This study describes the substantial diversity present among C. rectus isolates and highlights tools/assays that have been developed to permit functional genomic studies. Additionally, we have expanded the studies on C. showae T4SS since we have two new C. showae genomes to report. We also demonstrate that unlike C. rectus , C showae does not demonstrate evidence of intact T6SS except for the strain CAM. The only strain of sequenced C. massilensis has neither T4SS or T6SS.
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3
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Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Gupta S, Biswas P, Das B, Mondal S, Gupta P, Das D, Mallick AI. Selective depletion of Campylobacter jejuni via T6SS dependent functionality: an approach for improving chickens gut health. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38997758 PMCID: PMC11245787 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The targeted depletion of potential gut pathogens is often challenging because of their intrinsic ability to thrive in harsh gut environments. Earlier, we showed that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) exclusively uses the Type-VI Secretion System (T6SS) to target its prey such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and phenotypic differences between T6SS-negative and T6SS-positive C. jejuni isolates toward bile salt sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how the target-driven T6SS functionality prevails in a polymicrobial gut environment. Here, we investigated the fate of microbial competition in an altered gut environment via bacterial T6SS using a T6SS-negative and -positive C. jejuni or its isogenic mutant of the hemolysin-coregulated protein (hcp). We showed that in the presence of bile salt and prey bacteria (E. coli), T6SS-positive C. jejuni experiences enhanced intracellular stress leading to cell death. Intracellular tracking of fluorophore-conjugated bile salts confirmed that T6SS-mediated bile salt influx into C. jejuni can enhance intracellular oxidative stress, affecting C. jejuni viability. We further investigated whether the T6SS activity in the presence of prey (E. coli) perturbs the in vivo colonization of C. jejuni. Using chickens as primary hosts of C. jejuni and non-pathogenic E. coli as prey, we showed a marked reduction of C. jejuni load in chickens cecum when bile salt solution was administered orally. Analysis of local antibody responses and pro-inflammatory gene expression showed a reduced risk of tissue damage, indicating that T6SS activity in the complex gut environment can be exploited as a possible measure to clear the persistent colonization of C. jejuni in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Prakash Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Dipjyoti Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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5
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Hernández-Martínez G, Ares MA, Rosales-Reyes R, Soria-Bustos J, Yañez-Santos JA, Cedillo ML, Girón JA, Martínez-Laguna Y, Leng F, Ibarra JA, De la Cruz MA. The nucleoid protein HU positively regulates the expression of type VI secretion systems in Enterobacter cloacae. mSphere 2024; 9:e0006024. [PMID: 38647313 PMCID: PMC11324020 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00060-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is an emerging pathogen isolated in healthcare-associated infections. A major virulence factor of this bacterium is the type VI secretion system (T6SS). The genome of E. cloacae harbors two T6SS gene clusters (T6SS-1 and T6SS-2), and the functional characterization of both systems showed that these two T6SSs are not expressed under the same conditions. Here, we report that the major histone-like protein HU positively regulates the expression of both T6SSs and, therefore, the function that each T6SS exerts in E. cloacae. Single deletions of the genes encoding the HU subunits (hupA and hupB) decreased mRNA levels of both T6SS. In contrast, the hupA hupB double mutant dramatically affected the T6SS expression, diminishing its transcription. The direct binding of HU to the promoter regions of T6SS-1 and T6SS-2 was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition, single and double mutations in the hup genes affected the ability of inter-bacterial killing, biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells, and intestinal colonization, but these phenotypes were restored when such mutants were trans-complemented. Our data broaden our understanding of the regulation of HU-mediated T6SS in these pathogenic bacteria. IMPORTANCE T6SS is a nanomachine that functions as a weapon of bacterial destruction crucial for successful colonization in a specific niche. Enterobacter cloacae expresses two T6SSs required for bacterial competition, adherence, biofilm formation, and intestinal colonization. Expression of T6SS genes in pathogenic bacteria is controlled by multiple regulatory systems, including two-component systems, global regulators, and nucleoid proteins. Here, we reported that the HU nucleoid protein directly activates both T6SSs in E. cloacae, affecting the T6SS-related phenotypes. Our data describe HU as a new regulator involved in the transcriptional regulation of T6SS and its impact on E. cloacae pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hernández-Martínez
- Unidad de
Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y
Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico
Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro
Social, Mexico City,
Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Mexico City,
Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Unidad de
Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y
Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico
Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro
Social, Mexico City,
Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Mexico City,
Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina
Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de
México, Mexico
City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Pathogen and
Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)
North, Flagstaff,
Arizona, USA
- Instituto de Ciencias
de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de
Hidalgo, Pachuca,
Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - María L. Cedillo
- Centro de
Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla,
Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Girón
- Centro de
Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla,
Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Centro de
Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas,
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla, Puebla,
Mexico
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Biomolecular Sciences
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida
International University,
Miami, Florida, USA
| | - J. Antonio Ibarra
- Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Mexico City,
Mexico
| | - Miguel A. De la Cruz
- Centro de
Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla,
Puebla, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina,
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla, Puebla,
Mexico
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6
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Tikhomirova A, McNabb ER, Petterlin L, Bellamy GL, Lin KH, Santoso CA, Daye ES, Alhaddad FM, Lee KP, Roujeinikova A. Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:45. [PMID: 38693534 PMCID: PMC11064354 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C. jejuni molecular factors involved in colonisation, invasion of cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours and persistence. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of C. jejuni will enable future development of effective preventative approaches and vaccines against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Emmylee R McNabb
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luca Petterlin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgia L Bellamy
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kyaw H Lin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher A Santoso
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ella S Daye
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fatimah M Alhaddad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kah Peng Lee
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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7
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He Y, Kanrar S, Reed S, Lee J, Capobianco J. Whole Genome Sequences, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of Antibiotic Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains S27, S33, and S36 Newly Isolated from Chicken Meat. Microorganisms 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38257985 PMCID: PMC10818789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and has imposed substantial medical and public health burdens worldwide. Among a total of 39 species in the Campylobacter genus, C. jejuni is the most important species responsible for approx. 90% of human Campylobacter illness. Most cases of the infection were acquired by ingesting undercooked poultry meat due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter in the products. Here, we reported the dataset of raw sequences, de novo assembled and annotated genomes of C. jejuni strains S27, S33, and S36 recently isolated from retail chicken by using PacBio highly accurate long-read sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics tools. Our data revealed several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in each of the chromosomes, a type IV secretion system in the plasmid (pCjS33) of C. jejuni S33, and a type VI secretion system and a phage in the plasmid (pCjS36) of C. jejuni S36. This study not only provides new sequence data but also extends the knowledge pertaining to the genomic and functional aspects of this important foodborne pathogen, including the genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Capobianco
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; (Y.H.); (S.K.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
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8
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Kalindamar S, Abdelhamed H, Kordon AO, Tekedar HC, Pinchuk L, Karsi A. Characterization of Type VI secretion system in Edwardsiella ictaluri. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296132. [PMID: 38153949 PMCID: PMC10754466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular fish pathogen causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). While various secretion systems contribute to E. ictaluri virulence, the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed 13 E. ictaluri T6SS mutants using splicing by overlap extension PCR and characterized them, assessing their uptake and survival in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) peritoneal macrophages, attachment and invasion in channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, in vitro stress resistance, and virulence and efficacy in channel catfish. Among the mutants, EiΔevpA, EiΔevpH, EiΔevpM, EiΔevpN, and EiΔevpO exhibited reduced replication inside peritoneal macrophages. EiΔevpM, EiΔevpN, and EiΔevpO showed significantly decreased attachment to CCO cells, while EiΔevpN and EiΔevpO also displayed reduced invasion of CCO cells (p < 0.05). Overall, T6SS mutants demonstrated enhanced resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress in the nutrient-rich medium compared to the minimal medium. However, EiΔevpA, EiΔevpH, EiΔevpM, EiΔevpN, and EiΔevpO were susceptible to oxidative stress in both nutrient-rich and minimal medium. In fish challenges, EiΔevpD, EiΔevpE, EiΔevpG, EiΔevpJ, and EiΔevpK exhibited attenuation and provided effective protection against E. ictaluri wild-type (EiWT) infection in catfish fingerlings. However, their attenuation and protective efficacy were lower in catfish fry. These findings shed light on the role of the T6SS in E. ictaluri pathogenesis, highlighting its significance in intracellular survival, host cell attachment and invasion, stress resistance, and virulence. The attenuated T6SS mutants hold promise as potential candidates for protective immunization strategies in catfish fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Kalindamar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Adef O. Kordon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Hasan C. Tekedar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Lesya Pinchuk
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
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9
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Woyda R, Oladeinde A, Endale D, Strickland T, Plumblee Lawrence J, Abdo Z. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates recovered from consecutively reused broiler litter. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0323623. [PMID: 37882583 PMCID: PMC10871742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03236-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States due to consumption of contaminated or mishandled food products, often associated with chicken meat. Campylobacter is common in the microbiota of avian and mammalian gut; however, acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) may result in strains that pose significant threat to public health. Although there are studies investigating the genetic diversity of Campylobacter strains isolated from post-harvest chicken samples, there are limited data on the genome characteristics of isolates recovered from preharvest broiler production. Here, we show that Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli differ in their carriage of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors may also differ in their ability to persist in litter during consecutive grow-out of broiler flocks. We found that presence/absence of virulence factors needed for evasion of host defense mechanisms and gut colonization played an integral role in differentiating Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dinku Endale
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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10
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Dreyer A, Lenz C, Groß U, Bohne W, Zautner AE. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni proteome profiles in co-incubation scenarios. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247211. [PMID: 38029072 PMCID: PMC10666060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In dynamic microbial ecosystems, bacterial communication is a relevant mechanism for interactions between different microbial species. When C. jejuni resides in the intestine of either avian or human hosts, it is exposed to diverse bacteria from the microbiome. This study aimed to reveal the influence of co-incubation with Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, or Staphylococcus aureus on the proteome of C. jejuni 81-176 using data-independent-acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). We compared the proteome profiles during co-incubation with the proteome profile in response to the bile acid deoxycholate (DCA) and investigated the impact of DCA on proteomic changes during co-incubation, as C. jejuni is exposed to both factors during colonization. We identified 1,375 proteins by DIA-MS, which is notably high, approaching the theoretical maximum of 1,645 proteins. S. aureus had the highest impact on the proteome of C. jejuni with 215 up-regulated and 230 down-regulated proteins. However, these numbers are still markedly lower than the 526 up-regulated and 516 down-regulated proteins during DCA exposure. We identified a subset of 54 significantly differentially expressed proteins that are shared after co-incubation with all three microbial species. These proteins were indicative of a common co-incubation response of C. jejuni. This common proteomic response partly overlapped with the DCA response; however, several proteins were specific to the co-incubation response. In the co-incubation experiment, we identified three membrane-interactive proteins among the top 20 up-regulated proteins. This finding suggests that the presence of other bacteria may contribute to increased adherence, e.g., to other bacteria but eventually also epithelial cells or abiotic surfaces. Furthermore, a conjugative transfer regulon protein was typically up-expressed during co-incubation. Exposure to both, co-incubation and DCA, demonstrated that the two stressors influenced each other, resulting in a unique synergistic proteomic response that differed from the response to each stimulus alone. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD046477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dreyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Khan S, Marathe SA, Jha PN. Characterizing the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) of E. cloacae SBP-8 and its role in pathogenesis and bacterial competition. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106268. [PMID: 37536636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the relevance of E. cloacae as an opportunistic pathogen, very little is known about its pathogenicity mechanism and the factors influencing its virulence. The mechanism of E. cloacae pathogenicity appears to be complex and multifactorial, with the presence of different putative virulence factors whose role is still not clear in the development of the disease. In this study, we systematically investigated the role of T6SS (type six secretion system) of E. cloacae SBP-8, an environmental isolate, in eukaryotic and bacterial cell interaction. Analysis of the genome sequence of E. cloacae SBP-8 revealed the presence of sets of genes coding for the expression of one complete T6SS cluster, which is similar to T6SS-1 cluster of E. cloacae ATCC 13047 (clinical isolates). In addition, an Hcp effector protein was detected in the secretome, and this secretion depended on ClpV, an Atpase of T6SS, confirming that strain SBP-8 produces functional T6SS. Deletion of T6SS-associated gene clpV did not induce any significant change in the life span and rate of colonization in C. elegans. No major significant change was observed in the expression profiling of antimicrobial genes (clec-60, clec-85, clec-87 and lys-1) and toll-like receptor (toll-1) gene, involved in stimulating an immune response against the pathogen. No difference in the ability to invade and proliferate in intestinal cells and phagocytosis by macrophages was observed. In addition, we demonstrated that the ability of E. cloacae SBP-8 to out-compete Escherichia coli was reliant upon its T6SS in contact-dependent manner. Our results show that T6SS of the environmental isolates is required for interbacterial competition but not for invasion and proliferation inside host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandhya Amol Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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12
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Wang Y, Ling N, Jiao R, Zhang X, Ren Y, Li H, Zhao W, Wu Q, Ye Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals novel desiccation tolerance mechanism of Cronobacter based on type VI secretion system inhibition. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113143. [PMID: 37689845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter malonaticus (C. malonaticus) is a food-borne pathogen inducing severe infections both in infants and adults, and it could survive in dry powdered infant formula (PIF) for a long time, implying its strong tolerance to desiccation. However, the thorough molecular mechanism of resistance to desiccation remains elusive. When C. malonaticus was exposed to desiccation conditions (7, 15, and 30 d), transcriptomic analysis provided a universal adaptation strategy to withstand desiccation with the increased compatible solutes accumulation, activated stress resistance-related regulators, suppressed protein export and bacterial secretion system, and reduced other unessential survival functions including adhesion, invasion, virulence, and flagellar motility. Importantly, type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes exhibited significantly downregulated expressions, as well as markedly increased survival and viability of their mutants after desiccation treatment, revealing the negative regulation of T6SS in desiccation tolerance. Meanwhile, the decreased expressions of T6SS structure genes in other six species further confirmed the vital role of T6SS in desiccation tolerance of Cronobacter spp. Thus, our studies present a novel hypothesis of desiccation resistance in Cronobacter based on type VI secretion system inhibition, causing the reduction of macromolecule secretion such as effectors and hyperosmolality development within the cytomembrane, which allow Cronobacter to survive in desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Na Ling
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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13
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Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Muñoz-Rehbein C, Ugalde JA, Grim C, González-Escalona N, Blondel CJ, Bravo V. Whole-genome sequencing reveals changes in genomic diversity and distinctive repertoires of T3SS and T6SS effector candidates in Chilean clinical Campylobacter strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208825. [PMID: 37520433 PMCID: PMC10374022 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. This zoonotic pathogen colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of mammals and birds, with poultry as the most important reservoir for human infections. Apart from its high morbidity rates, the emergence of resistant strains is of global concern. The aims of this work were to determine genetic diversity, presence of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence potential of Campylobacter spp. isolated from patients with acute gastrointestinal disease at 'Clinica Alemana', Santiago de Chile. The study considered the isolation of Campylobacter spp., from stool samples during a 20-month period (January 2020 to September 2021). We sequenced (NextSeq, Illumina) and performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 88 Campylobacter jejuni and 2 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from clinical samples in Chile. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the emergence of prevalent clonal complexes, which were not identified in our previous reports. While ~40% of strains harbored a mutation in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, no macrolide-resistance determinants were detected. Interestingly, gene clusters encoding virulence factors such as the T6SS or genes associated with long-term sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome showed lineage-relatedness. In addition, our analysis revealed a high degree of variability regarding the presence of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins in comparison to type strains 81-176, F38011, and NCTC 11168 and 488. Our study provides important insights into the molecular epidemiology of this emerging foodborne pathogen. In addition, the differences observed regarding the repertoire of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins could have an impact on the pathogenic potential and transmissibility of these Latin American isolates, posing another challenge in characterizing the infection dynamics of this emergent and neglected bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Rehbein
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Narjol González-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Kemper L, Hensel A. Campylobacter jejuni: targeting host cells, adhesion, invasion, and survival. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2725-2754. [PMID: 36941439 PMCID: PMC10027602 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, causing strong enteritis, is an unusual bacterium with numerous peculiarities. Chemotactically controlled motility in viscous milieu allows targeted navigation to intestinal mucus and colonization. By phase variation, quorum sensing, extensive O-and N-glycosylation and use of the flagellum as type-3-secretion system C. jejuni adapts effectively to environmental conditions. C. jejuni utilizes proteases to open cell-cell junctions and subsequently transmigrates paracellularly. Fibronectin at the basolateral side of polarized epithelial cells serves as binding site for adhesins CadF and FlpA, leading to intracellular signaling, which again triggers membrane ruffling and reduced host cell migration by focal adhesion. Cell contacts of C. jejuni results in its secretion of invasion antigens, which induce membrane ruffling by paxillin-independent pathway. In addition to fibronectin-binding proteins, other adhesins with other target structures and lectins and their corresponding sugar structures are involved in host-pathogen interaction. Invasion into the intestinal epithelial cell depends on host cell structures. Fibronectin, clathrin, and dynein influence cytoskeletal restructuring, endocytosis, and vesicular transport, through different mechanisms. C. jejuni can persist over a 72-h period in the cell. Campylobacter-containing vacuoles, avoid fusion with lysosomes and enter the perinuclear space via dynein, inducing signaling pathways. Secretion of cytolethal distending toxin directs the cell into programmed cell death, including the pyroptotic release of proinflammatory substances from the destroyed cell compartments. The immune system reacts with an inflammatory cascade by participation of numerous immune cells. The development of autoantibodies, directed not only against lipooligosaccharides, but also against endogenous gangliosides, triggers autoimmune diseases. Lesions of the epithelium result in loss of electrolytes, water, and blood, leading to diarrhea, which flushes out mucus containing C. jejuni. Together with the response of the immune system, this limits infection time. Based on the structural interactions between host cell and bacterium, the numerous virulence mechanisms, signaling, and effects that characterize the infection process of C. jejuni, a wide variety of targets for attenuation of the pathogen can be characterized. The review summarizes strategies of C. jejuni for host-pathogen interaction and should stimulate innovative research towards improved definition of targets for future drug development. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial adhesion of Campylobacter to host cells and invasion into host cells are strictly coordinated processes, which can serve as targets to prevent infection. • Reaction and signalling of host cell depend on the cell type. • Campylobacter virulence factors can be used as targets for development of antivirulence drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kemper
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Singh RP, Kumari K. Bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS): an evolved molecular weapon with diverse functionality. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:309-331. [PMID: 36683130 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial secretion systems are nanomolecular complexes that release a diverse set of virulence factors/or proteins into its surrounding or translocate to their target host cells. Among these systems, type VI secretion system 'T6SS' is a recently discovered molecular secretion system which is widely distributed in Gram-negative (-ve) bacteria, and shares structural similarity with the puncturing device of bacteriophages. The presence of T6SS is an advantage to many bacteria as it delivers toxins to its neighbour pathogens for competitive survival, and also translocates protein effectors to the host cells, leading to disruption of lipid membranes, cell walls, and cytoskeletons etc. Recent studies have characterized both anti-prokaryotic and anti-eukaryotic effectors, where T6SS is involved in diverse cellular functions including favouring colonization, enhancing the survival, adhesive modifications, internalization, and evasion of the immune system. With the evolution of advanced genomics and proteomics tools, there has been an increase in the number of characterized T6SS effector arsenals and also more clear information about the adaptive significance of this complex system. The functions of T6SS are generally regulated at the transcription, post-transcription and post-translational levels through diverse mechanisms. In the present review, we aimed to provide information about the distribution of T6SS in diverse bacteria, any structural similarity/or dissimilarity, effectors proteins, functional significance, and regulatory mechanisms. We also tried to provide information about the diverse roles played by T6SS in its natural environments and hosts, and further any changes in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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16
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Woyda R, Oladeinde A, Endale D, Strickland T, Lawrence JP, Abdo Z. Broiler house environment and litter management practices impose selective pressures on antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors of Campylobacter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526821. [PMID: 36778422 PMCID: PMC9915665 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in humans globally. Infections are due to consumption of contaminated food products and are highly associated with chicken meat, with chickens being an important reservoir for Campylobacter. Here, we characterized the genetic diversity of Campylobacter species detected in broiler chicken litter over three consecutive flocks and determined their antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor profiles. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on Campylobacter jejuni (n = 39) and Campylobacter coli (n = 5) isolates. All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested while C. coli (n =4) were resistant to only tetracycline and harbored the tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein (TetO). Virulence factors differed within and across grow houses but were explained by the isolates' flock cohort, species and multilocus sequence type. Virulence factors involved in the ability to invade and colonize host tissues and evade host defenses were absent from flock cohort 3 C. jejuni isolates as compared to flock 1 and 2 isolates. Our results show that virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes differed by the isolates' multilocus sequence type and by the flock cohort they were present in. These data suggest that the house environment and litter management practices performed imposed selective pressures on antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. In particular, the absence of key virulence factors within the final flock cohort 3 isolates suggests litter reuse selected for Campylobacter strains that are less likely to colonize the chicken host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dinku Endale
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA, Tifton, GA, 31793
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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17
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Gabbert AD, Mydosh JL, Talukdar PK, Gloss LM, McDermott JE, Cooper KK, Clair GC, Konkel ME. The Missing Pieces: The Role of Secretion Systems in Campylobacter jejuni Virulence. Biomolecules 2023; 13:135. [PMID: 36671522 PMCID: PMC9856085 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is likely the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for millions of cases of inflammatory diarrhea characterized by severe abdominal cramps and blood in the stool. Further, C. jejuni infections are associated with post-infection sequelae in developed countries and malnutrition and growth-stunting in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease, campylobacteriosis, and the recognition that this pathogen is a serious health threat, our understanding of C. jejuni pathogenesis remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on the Campylobacter secretion systems proposed to contribute to host-cell interactions and survival in the host. Moreover, we have applied a genomics approach to defining the structural and mechanistic features of C. jejuni type III, IV, and VI secretion systems. Special attention is focused on the flagellar type III secretion system and the prediction of putative effectors, given that the proteins exported via this system are essential for host cell invasion and the inflammatory response. We conclude that C. jejuni does not possess a type IV secretion system and relies on the type III and type VI secretion systems to establish a niche and potentiate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D. Gabbert
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mydosh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Prabhat K. Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lisa M. Gloss
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Geremy C. Clair
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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18
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Batista R, Saraiva M, Lopes T, Silveira L, Coelho A, Furtado R, Castro R, Correia CB, Rodrigues D, Henriques P, Lóio S, Soeiro V, da Costa PM, Oleastro M, Pista A. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:223. [PMID: 36612545 PMCID: PMC9819048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Batista
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lopes
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosália Furtado
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Rodrigues
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEF, Forest Research Centre, Edifício Prof. Azevedo Gomes, ISA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Henriques
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Espaço de Visitação e Observação de Aves, 2600 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
| | - Sara Lóio
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Soeiro
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. In silico investigation of the genus Campylobacter type VI secretion system reveals genetic diversity in organization and putative effectors. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000898. [PMID: 36314601 PMCID: PMC9676060 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are contractile nanomachines that deliver proteinic substrates into target prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the surrounding milieu. The genus Campylobacter encompasses 39 recognized species and 13 subspecies, with many belonging to a group known as ‘emerging Campylobacter pathogens’. Within Campylobacter , seven species have been identified to harbour a complete T6SS cluster but have yet to be comparatively assessed. In this study, using systematic bioinformatics approaches and the T6SS-positive Campylobacter jejuni 488 strain as a reference, we explored the genus-wide prevalence, similarity and make-up of the T6SS amongst 372 publicly available ‘complete’ Campylobacter genomes. Our analyses predict that approximately one-third of Campylobacter species possess a T6SS. We also putatively report the first identification of a T6SS in four species: Campylobacter cuniculorum, Campylobacter helveticus, Campylobacter armoricus and Campylobacter ornithocola . The Campylobacter T6SSs cluster into three distinct organizations (I–III), of which two break down into further variants. Thirty T6SS-containing genomes were found to harbour more than one vgrG gene, with Campylobacter lari strain NCTC 11845 possessing five. Analysis of the C. jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 confirmed its conservation amongst T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains, as well as highlighting its diverse genetic composition, including additional putative effector–immunity pairs (e.g. PoNe and DUF1911 domains). Effector–immunity pairs were also observed neighbouring vgrG s in several other Campylobacter species, in addition to putative genes encoding nucleases, lysozymes, ATPases and a ferric ATP-binding cassette uptake system. These observations highlight the diverse genetic make-up of the T6SS within Campylobacter and provide further evidence of its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
- Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences – King Mihai I of Romania from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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20
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Nennig M, Clément A, Longueval E, Bernardi T, Ragimbeau C, Tresse O. Metaphenotypes associated with recurrent genomic lineages of Campylobacter jejuni responsible for human infections in Luxembourg. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901192. [PMID: 36160185 PMCID: PMC9490421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Although considered fragile, this microaerophilic bacterium is able to survive in various challenging environments, which subsequently constitutes multiple sources of transmission for human infection. To test the assumption of acquiring specific features for adaptation and survival, we established a workflow of phenotypic tests related to the survival and the persistence of recurrent and sporadic strains. A representative collection of 83 strains isolated over 13 years from human, mammal, poultry, and environmental sources in Luxembourg, representing different spreading patterns (endemic, epidemic, and sporadic), was screened for survival to oxidative stresses, for acclimating to aerobic conditions (AC), and for persistence on abiotic surfaces. Using the cgMLST Oxford typing scheme for WGS data, the collection was classified into genomic lineages corresponding to host-generalist strains (lineages A and D, CC ST-21), host-specific strains (lineage B, CC ST-257 and lineage C, CC ST-464) and sporadic strains. We established that when a strain survives concentrations beyond 0.25 mM superoxide stress, it is six times more likely to survive hyperoxide stress and that a highly adherent strain is 14 times more likely to develop a biofilm. Surprisingly, more than half of the strains could acclimate to AC but this capacity does not explain the difference between recurrent genomic lineages and sporadic strains and the survival to oxidative stresses, while recurrent strains have a significantly higher adhesion/biofilm formation capacity than sporadic ones. From this work, the genomic lineages with more stable genomes could be characterized by a specific combination of phenotypes, called metaphenotypes. From the functional genomic analyses, the presence of a potentially functional T6SS in the strains of lineage D might explain the propensity of these strains to be strong biofilm producers. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenotypical abilities contribute to the spatio-temporal adaptation and survival of stable genomic lineages. It suggests a selection of better-adapted and persistent strains in challenging stress environments, which could explain the prevalence of these lineages in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Nennig
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Clément
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Longueval
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Bernardi
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
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21
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The Role of ptsH in Stress Adaptation and Virulence in Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172680. [PMID: 36076869 PMCID: PMC9455513 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an emerging foodborne pathogen that was isolated primarily from powdered infant formula, poses an important issue in food safety due to its high stress tolerance and pathogenicity. The Hpr (encoded by ptsH gene) has been shown to regulate carbon metabolism as well as stress response and virulence. However, the functional properties of ptsH in C. sakzakii have not been investigated. In this study, we clarified the role of ptsH in the C. sakzakii stress response and virulence, and explored its possible regulatory mechanism by RNA-seq. Compared with wild-type, the ΔptsH mutant showed a slower growth rate in the log phase but no difference in the stationary phase. Moreover, the resistance to heat stress (65 °C, 55 °C), simulated gastric fluid (pH = 2.5), biofilm formation and adhesion to HT-29 cells of ΔptsH mutant were significantly decreased, whereas the oxidative resistance (1, 5, 10 mM H2O2), osmotic resistance (10%, 15%, 20% NaCl), and superoxide dismutase activity were enhanced. Finally, RNA-seq analysis revealed the sulfur metabolism pathway is significantly upregulated in the ΔptsH mutant, but the bacterial secretion system pathway is dramatically downregulated. The qRT-PCR assay further demonstrated that the ΔptsH mutant has elevated levels of genes that are related to oxidative and osmotic stress (sodA, rpoS, cpxA/R, osmY). This study provides a great understanding of the role of ptsH in diverse stress responses and virulence in C. sakazakii, and it contributes to our understanding of the genetic determinant of stress resistance and pathogenicity of this important foodborne pathogen.
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22
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Differential Genetic Strategies of Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Paraburkholderia kururiensis for Root Colonization of Oryza sativa subsp.
japonica
and O. sativa subsp.
indica
, as Revealed by Transposon Mutagenesis Sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0064222. [DOI: 10.1128/aem.00642-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderiaceae
are frequent and abundant colonizers of the rice rhizosphere and interesting candidates to investigate for growth promotion. Species of
Paraburkholderia
have repeatedly been described to stimulate plant growth.
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23
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Gupta S, Khan A, Biswas P, Mondal K, Das D, Sharif S, Mallick AI. A combined protocol for isolation of T6SS-positive Campylobacter jejuni and assessment of interspecies interaction. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101368. [PMID: 35573481 PMCID: PMC9096145 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) functions as a nanomachine used by many gut pathogens. In the present protocol, we outlined how such molecular activities during interspecies interaction can be demonstrated at a population level. To this end, we first present a comprehensive protocol for isolation, identification, and functional characterization of T6SS-positive Campylobacter jejuni. Further, we developed straightforward techniques for unraveling how the T6SS targets prey populations and host cells when growing with or without environmental stressors. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gupta et al. (2021). A technique for isolation and identification of C. jejuni from its primary host Molecular and Functional characterization of C. jejuni T6SS Protocol for direct visualization of T6SS-dependent interspecies interaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Afruja Khan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Prakash Biswas
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Krishanu Mondal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Dipjyoti Das
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
- Corresponding author
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24
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Javed K, Gul F, Abbasi R, Batool S, Noreen Z, Bokhari H, Javed S. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Helicobacter pullorum Type Six Secretory Protein Hcp and Its Role in Bacterial Invasion and Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:195. [PMID: 35593885 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum is a human zoonotic pathogen transmitted through poultry where it is associated with vibrionic hepatitis and colitis. Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is an important structural as well as effector protein of type six secretory system; however, its role in H. pullorum invasion and pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we predicted the Helicobacter pullorum Hcp (HpuHcp) structure and identified Campylobacter jejuni Hcp (CjHcp) as its nearest homologue. Analysis of the predicted structure shows several common bacterial Hcp motifs like Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, N-myristoylation site, cAMP-and cCGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, N-glycosylation site. The presence of unique microbodies C-terminal targeting signal domain was present in HpuHcp which was seen for the first time in CjHcp. This could indicate that Hcp is a structural protein as well as a secretory protein. Moreover, the presence of a deamidase domain, similar to the tecA of Burkholderia cenocepacia an opportunistic pathogen, may help in bacterial internalization as it depolymerises the membranous actin by deamidation of the host cell Rho GTPases cdc42 and Rac1, which was supported by increased invasion of hepatocytes by Hcp-positive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Bioscience Department, Kohsar University Murree, Near Kashmir Point, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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25
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St. Charles JL, Brooks PT, Bell JA, Ahmed H, Van Allen M, Manning SD, Mansfield LS. Zoonotic Transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to Caretakers From Sick Pen Calves Carrying a Mixed Population of Strains With and Without Guillain Barré Syndrome-Associated Lipooligosaccharide Loci. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800269. [PMID: 35591997 PMCID: PMC9112162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni causes foodborne gastroenteritis and may trigger acute autoimmune sequelae including Guillain Barré Syndrome. Onset of neuromuscular paralysis is associated with exposure to C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) classes A, B, C, D, and E that mimic and evoke antibodies against gangliosides on myelin and axons of peripheral nerves. Family members managing a Michigan dairy operation reported recurring C. jejuni gastroenteritis. Because dairy cattle are known to shed C. jejuni, we hypothesized that calves in the sick pen were the source of human infections. Fecal samples obtained from twenty-five calves, one dog, and one asymptomatic family member were cultured for Campylobacter. C. jejuni isolates were obtained from thirteen calves and the family member: C. coli from two calves, and C. hyointestinalis from two calves. Some calves had diarrhea; most were clinically normal. Typing of lipooligosaccharide biosynthetic loci showed that eight calf C. jejuni isolates fell into classes A, B, and C. Two calf isolates and the human isolate possessed LOS class E, associated mainly with enteric disease and rarely with Guillain Barré Syndrome. Multi-locus sequence typing, porA and flaA typing, and whole genome comparisons of the thirteen C. jejuni isolates indicated that the three LOS class E strains that included the human isolate were closely related, indicating zoonotic transmission. Whole-genome comparisons revealed that isolates differed in virulence gene content, particularly in loci encoding biosynthesis of surface structures. Family members experienced diarrheal illness repeatedly over 2 years, yet none experienced GBS despite exposure to calves carrying invasive C. jejuni with LOS known to elicit antiganglioside autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. St. Charles
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Phillip T. Brooks
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Julia A. Bell
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mia Van Allen
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Linda S. Mansfield
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Linda S. Mansfield,
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26
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The cost of bacterial predation via type VI secretion system leads to predator extinction under environmental stress. iScience 2021; 24:103507. [PMID: 34934926 PMCID: PMC8654991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common gut pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) harbors the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) that injects toxic effectors into neighboring cells, modulating microbial competitions in the harsh gut environment. Using bile salt as a natural stressor and T6SS-positive C. jejuni as a predator, we show that T6SS activity could entail a cost during bacterial predation under environmental stress. Our data suggest bile salt influx and subsequent DNA damage due to the prey-driven activation of the T6SS. We further combined experiments and mathematical modeling to explore how the stress-induced “predation cost” determines ecological outcomes. Consistent with a population-dynamics model, we found predator extinction above a critical bile salt concentration and prey-predator coexistence below this level. Moreover, we utilized the predation cost as an effective strategy facilitating host defense against C. jejuni infection. Together, we elucidate how predator dominance versus extinction emerges from the interplay between environmental stress and the T6SS machinery. Campylobacter jejuni uses Type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill prey bacteria Under bile salt stress, activated T6SS may promote bile salt uptake and DNA damage T6SS-dependent predation by C. jejuni thus entails a “predation cost” under stress The predation cost leads to predator extinction and host defense against C. jejuni
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27
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van Vliet AHM, Charity OJ, Reuter M. A Campylobacter integrative and conjugative element with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting competing plasmids: a history of plasmid warfare? Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34766904 PMCID: PMC8743540 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial genomes are highly adaptable, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) mediating the dissemination of new genetic information throughout bacterial populations. This is countered by defence mechanisms such as CRISPR-Cas systems, which limit invading MGEs by sequence-specific targeting. Here we report the distribution of the pVir, pTet and PCC42 plasmids and a new 70–129 kb ICE (CampyICE1) in the foodborne bacterial pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. CampyICE1 contains a degenerated Type II-C CRISPR system consisting of a sole Cas9 protein, which is distinct from the previously described Cas9 proteins from C. jejuni and C. coli. CampyICE1 is conserved in structure and gene order, containing blocks of genes predicted to be involved in recombination, regulation and conjugation. CampyICE1 was detected in 134/5829 (2.3 %) C. jejuni genomes and 92/1347 (6.8 %) C. coli genomes. Similar ICEs were detected in a number of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter species, although these lacked a CRISPR-Cas system. CampyICE1 carries three separate short CRISPR spacer arrays containing a combination of 108 unique spacers and 16 spacer-variant families. A total of 69 spacers and 10 spacer-variant families (63.7 %) were predicted to target Campylobacter plasmids. The presence of a functional CampyICE1 Cas9 protein and matching anti-plasmid spacers was associated with the absence of the pVir, pTet and pCC42 plasmids (188/214 genomes, 87.9 %), suggesting that the CampyICE1-encoded CRISPR-Cas has contributed to the exclusion of competing plasmids. In conclusion, the characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas9 system on CampyICE1 suggests a history of plasmid warfare in Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Oliver J Charity
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Reuter
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
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28
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Lin J, Xu L, Yang J, Wang Z, Shen X. Beyond dueling: roles of the type VI secretion system in microbiome modulation, pathogenesis and stress resistance. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:11. [PMID: 37676535 PMCID: PMC10441901 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria inhabit diverse and dynamic environments, where nutrients may be limited and toxic chemicals can be prevalent. To adapt to these stressful conditions, bacteria have evolved specialized protein secretion systems, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to facilitate their survival. As a molecular syringe, the T6SS expels various effectors into neighboring bacterial cells, eukaryotic cells, or the extracellular environment. These effectors improve the competitive fitness and environmental adaption of bacterial cells. Although primarily recognized as antibacterial weapons, recent studies have demonstrated that T6SSs have functions beyond interspecies competition. Here, we summarize recent research on the role of T6SSs in microbiome modulation, pathogenesis, and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshe Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, Padilha da Silva W. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacterjejuni. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105265. [PMID: 34699927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly frequent cause of gastrointestinal foodborne disease in humans throughout the world. Disease outcomes vary from mild to severe diarrhea, and in rare cases the Guillain-Barré syndrome or reactive arthritis can develop as a post-infection complication. Transmission to humans usually occurs via the consumption of a range of foods, especially those associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry meat, unpasteurized milk, and water-based environmental sources. When associated to food or water ingestion, the C. jejuni enters the human host intestine via the oral route and colonizes the distal ileum and colon. When it adheres and colonizes the intestinal cell surfaces, the C. jejuni is expected to express several putative virulence factors, which cause damage to the intestine either directly, by cell invasion and/or production of toxin(s), or indirectly, by triggering inflammatory responses. This review article highlights various C. jejuni characteristics - such as motility and chemotaxis - that contribute to the biological fitness of the pathogen, as well as factors involved in human host cell adhesion and invasion, and their potential role in the development of the disease. We have analyzed and critically discussed nearly 180 scientific articles covering the latest improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Gorain C, Khan A, Singh A, Mondal S, Mallick AI. Bioengineering of LAB vector expressing Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp): a strategic approach to control gut colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in a murine model. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:48. [PMID: 34330327 PMCID: PMC8323230 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is accountable for more than 400 million cases of gastroenteritis each year and is listed as a high-priority gut pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the acute infection of C. jejuni (campylobacteriosis) is commonly treated with macrolides and fluoroquinolones, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among C. jejuni warrants the need for an alternative approach to control campylobacteriosis in humans. To this end, vaccines remain a safe, effective, and widely accepted strategy for controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In search of a suitable vaccine against campylobacteriosis, recently, we demonstrated the potential of recombinant Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) of C. jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in imparting significant immune-protection against cecal colonization of C. jejuni; however, in the avian model. Since clinical features of human campylobacteriosis are more complicated than the avians, we explored the potential of Hcp as a T6SS targeted vaccine in a murine model as a more reliable and reproducible experimental host to study vaccine-induced immune-protection against C. jejuni. Because C. jejuni primarily utilizes the mucosal route for host pathogenesis, we analyzed the immunogenicity of a mucosally deliverable bioengineered Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), expressing Hcp. Considering the role of Hcp in both structural (membrane-bound) and functional (effector protein) exhibition of C. jejuni T6SS, a head-to-head comparison of two different forms of recombinant LAB vectors (cell wall anchored and secreted form of Hcp) were tested and assessed for the immune phenotypes of each modality in BALB/c mice. Results We show that regardless of the Hcp protein localization, mucosal delivery of bioengineered LAB vector expressing Hcp induced high-level production of antigen-specific neutralizing antibody (sIgA) in the gut with the potential to reduce the cecal load of C. jejuni in mice. Conclusion Together with the non-commensal nature of L. lactis, short gut transit time in humans, and the ability to express the heterologous protein in the gut, the present study highlights the benefits of bioengineered LAB vectors based mucosal vaccine modality against C. jejuni without the risk of immunotolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00444-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Gorain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Afruja Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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31
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Xia D, van Vliet AHM, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. Bioinformatic Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694824. [PMID: 34276628 PMCID: PMC8285248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) has important roles relating to bacterial antagonism, subversion of host cells, and niche colonisation. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide and is a commensal coloniser of birds. Although recently discovered, the T6SS biological functions and identities of its effectors are still poorly defined in C. jejuni. Here, we perform a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the C. jejuni T6SS by investigating the prevalence and genetic architecture of the T6SS in 513 publicly available genomes using C. jejuni 488 strain as reference. A unique and conserved T6SS cluster associated with the Campylobacter jejuni Integrated Element 3 (CJIE3) was identified in the genomes of 117 strains. Analyses of the T6SS-positive 488 strain against the T6SS-negative C. jejuni RM1221 strain and the T6SS-positive plasmid pCJDM202 carried by C. jejuni WP2-202 strain defined the “T6SS-containing CJIE3” as a pathogenicity island, thus renamed as Campylobacter jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 (CJPI-1). Analysis of CJPI-1 revealed two canonical VgrG homologues, CJ488_0978 and CJ488_0998, harbouring distinct C-termini in a genetically variable region downstream of the T6SS operon. CJPI-1 was also found to carry a putative DinJ-YafQ Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) module, conserved across pCJDM202 and the genomic island CJIE3, as well as several open reading frames functionally predicted to encode for nucleases, lipases, and peptidoglycan hydrolases. This comprehensive in silico study provides a framework for experimental characterisation of T6SS-related effectors and TA modules in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Kalindamar S, Abdelhamed H, Kordon AO, Pinchuk LM, Karsi A. Hemolysin Co-regulated Family Proteins Hcp1 and Hcp2 Contribute to Edwardsiella ictaluri Pathogenesis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681609. [PMID: 34150898 PMCID: PMC8207204 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), a devastating disease resulting in significant economic losses in the U.S. catfish industry. Bacterial secretion systems are involved in many bacteria's virulence, and Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a critical apparatus utilized by several pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. E. ictaluri strain 93-146 genome has a complete T6SS operon with 16 genes, but the roles of these genes are still not explored. In this research, we aimed to understand the roles of two hemolysin co-regulated family proteins, Hcp1 (EvpC) and Hcp2. To achieve this goal, single and double E. ictaluri mutants (EiΔevpC, EiΔhcp2, and EiΔevpCΔhcp2) were generated and characterized. Catfish peritoneal macrophages were able to kill EiΔhcp2 better than EiΔevpC, EiΔevpCΔhcp2, and E. ictaluri wild-type (EiWT). The attachment of EiΔhcp2 and EiΔevpCΔhcp2 to ovary cells significantly decreased compared to EiWT whereas the cell invasion rates of these mutants were the same as that of EiWT. Mutants exposed to normal catfish serum in vitro showed serum resistance. The fish challenges demonstrated that EiΔevpC and EiΔevpCΔhcp2 were attenuated completely and provided excellent protection against EiWT infection in catfish fingerlings. Interestingly, EiΔhcp2 caused higher mortality than that of EiWT in catfish fingerlings, and severe clinical signs were observed. Although fry were more susceptible to vaccination with EiΔevpC and EiΔevpCΔhcp2, their attenuation and protection were significantly higher compared to EiWT and sham groups, respectively. Taken together, our data indicated that evpC (hcp1) is involved in E. ictaluri virulence in catfish while hcp2 is involved in adhesion to epithelial cells and survival inside catfish macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Kalindamar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Adef O Kordon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Lesya M Pinchuk
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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Alam A, Bröms JE, Kumar R, Sjöstedt A. The Role of ClpB in Bacterial Stress Responses and Virulence. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:668910. [PMID: 33968993 PMCID: PMC8100447 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.668910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial survival within a mammalian host is contingent upon sensing environmental perturbations and initiating an appropriate counter-response. To achieve this, sophisticated molecular machineries are used, where bacterial chaperone systems play key roles. The chaperones are a prerequisite for bacterial survival during normal physiological conditions as well as under stressful situations, e.g., infection or inflammation. Specific stress factors include, but are not limited to, high temperature, osmolarity, pH, reactive oxidative species, or bactericidal molecules. ClpB, a member of class 1 AAA+ proteins, is a key chaperone that via its disaggregase activity plays a crucial role for bacterial survival under various forms of stress, in particular heat shock. Recently, it has been reported that ClpB also regulates secretion of bacterial effector molecules related to type VI secretion systems. In this review, the roles of ClpB in stress responses and the mechanisms by which it promotes survival of pathogenic bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alam
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette E Bröms
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bravo V, Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Gonzalez-Escalona N, Blondel CJ. Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009207. [PMID: 33606689 PMCID: PMC7928456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis in the industrialized world and an emerging threat in developing countries. The incidence of campylobacteriosis in South America is greatly underestimated, mostly due to the lack of adequate diagnostic methods. Accordingly, there is limited genomic and epidemiological data from this region. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the largest collection of clinical C. jejuni and C. coli strains from Chile available to date (n = 81), collected in 2017–2019 in Santiago, Chile. This culture collection accounts for more than one third of the available genome sequences from South American clinical strains. cgMLST analysis identified high genetic diversity as well as 13 novel STs and alleles in both C. jejuni and C. coli. Pangenome and virulome analyses showed a differential distribution of virulence factors, including both plasmid and chromosomally encoded T6SSs and T4SSs. Resistome analysis predicted widespread resistance to fluoroquinolones, but low rates of erythromycin resistance. This study provides valuable genomic and epidemiological data and highlights the need for further genomic epidemiology studies in Chile and other South American countries to better understand molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of this emerging intestinal pathogen. Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 69 C. jejuni and 12 C. coli clinical strains isolated from Chile, which account for over a third of the sequences from clinical strains available from South America. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the unexpected identification of clade 3 C. coli strains, which are infrequently isolated from humans in other regions of the world. Most strains harbored the virulence factors described for Campylobacter. While ~40% of strains harbored mutation in the gyrA gene described to confer fluoroquinolone resistance, very few strains encoded the determinants linked to macrolide resistance, currently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Our study contributes to our knowledge of this important foodborne pathogen providing valuable data from South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bravo
- Programa Centro de Investigacion Biomedica y Aplicada, (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biologia Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovacion en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Pumtang-on P, Mahony TJ, Hill RA, Vanniasinkam T. A Systematic Review of Campylobacter jejuni Vaccine Candidates for Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:397. [PMID: 33671947 PMCID: PMC7919041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human enteric illness worldwide. Vaccination of chickens is one of the potential strategies that could be used to control C. jejuni colonization. To date, various C. jejuni vaccines using potential antigens have been evaluated, but a challenge in identifying the most effective formulation is the wide variability in vaccine efficacies reported. A systematic review was undertaken to compare C. jejuni vaccine studies. Based upon specific selection criteria eligible papers were identified and included in the analysis. Vaccine efficacy reported from different C. jejuni antigens, vaccine types, and vaccination regimens reported in these papers were reviewed. Our analysis shows that total outer membrane proteins and cysteine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were among the most efficacious vaccine antigen candidates reported. This review also highlights the importance of the need for increased consistency in the way C. jejuni vaccine studies in poultry are designed and reported in order to be able to undertake a robust comparison of C. jejuni vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongthorn Pumtang-on
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Timothy J. Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rodney A. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
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Montenegro Benavides NA, Alvarez B A, Arrieta-Ortiz ML, Rodriguez-R LM, Botero D, Tabima JF, Castiblanco L, Trujillo C, Restrepo S, Bernal A. The type VI secretion system of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis is involved in virulence and in vitro motility. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407123 PMCID: PMC7788950 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze the evolution of the T6SS in the genus Xanthomonas and evaluate its importance of the T6SS for virulence and in vitro motility in Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of bacterial blight in cassava (Manihot esculenta). We delineate the organization of the T6SS gene clusters in Xanthomonas and then characterize proteins of this secretion system in Xpm strain CIO151. Results We describe the presence of three different clusters in the genus Xanthomonas that vary in their organization and degree of synteny between species. Using a gene knockout strategy, we also found that vgrG and hcp are required for maximal aggressiveness of Xpm on cassava plants while clpV is important for both motility and maximal aggressiveness. Conclusion We characterized the T6SS in 15 different strains in Xanthomonas and our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the T6SS might have been acquired by a very ancient event of horizontal gene transfer and maintained through evolution, hinting at their importance for the adaptation of Xanthomonas to their hosts. Finally, we demonstrated that the T6SS of Xpm is functional, and significantly contributes to virulence and motility. This is the first experimental study that demonstrates the role of the T6SS in the Xpm-cassava interaction and the T6SS organization in the genus Xanthomonas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02066-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Alvarez B
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Miguel Rodriguez-R
- Department of Microbiology and Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - David Botero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Felipe Tabima
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Luisa Castiblanco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Trujillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kreling V, Falcone FH, Kehrenberg C, Hensel A. Campylobacter sp.: Pathogenicity factors and prevention methods-new molecular targets for innovative antivirulence drugs? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10409-10436. [PMID: 33185702 PMCID: PMC7662028 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, University of Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Fu Y, Almansour A, Bansal M, Alenezi T, Alrubaye B, Wang H, Sun X. Microbiota attenuates chicken transmission-exacerbated campylobacteriosis in Il10 -/- mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20841. [PMID: 33257743 PMCID: PMC7705718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent foodborne pathogen mainly transmitting through poultry. It remains unknown how chicken-transmitted C. jejuni and microbiota impact on human campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni AR101 (Cj-P0) was introduced to chickens and isolated as passage 1 (Cj-P1). Campylobacter jejuni Cj-P1-DCA-Anaero was isolated from Cj-P0-infected birds transplanted with DCA-modulated anaerobic microbiota. Specific pathogen free Il10-/- mice were gavaged with antibiotic clindamycin and then infected with Cj-P0, Cj-P1, or Cj-P1-DCA-Anaero, respectively. After 8 days post infection, Il10-/- mice infected with Cj-P1 demonstrated severe morbidity and bloody diarrhea and the experiment had to be terminated. Cj-P1 induced more severe histopathology compared to Cj-P0, suggesting that chicken transmission increased C. jejuni virulence. Importantly, mice infected with Cj-P1-DCA-Anaero showed attenuation of intestinal inflammation compared to Cj-P1. At the cellular level, Cj-P1 induced more C. jejuni invasion and neutrophil infiltration into the Il10-/- mouse colon tissue compared to Cj-P0, which was attenuated with Cj-P1-DCA-Anaero. At the molecular level, Cj-P1 induced elevated inflammatory mediator mRNA accumulation of Il17a, Il1β, and Cxcl1 in the colon compared to Cj-P0, while Cj-P1-DCA-Anaero showed reduction of the inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that DCA-modulated anaerobes attenuate chicken-transmitted campylobacteriosis in mice and it is important to control the elevation of C. jejuni virulence during chicken transmission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ayidh Almansour
- CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Tahrir Alenezi
- CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Bilal Alrubaye
- CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O-409, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Vibrio cholerae-Symbiont Interactions Inhibit Intestinal Repair in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1088-1100.e5. [PMID: 31995751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-mediated damage to the intestinal epithelium activates compensatory growth and differentiation repair programs in progenitor cells. Accelerated progenitor growth replenishes damaged tissue and maintains barrier integrity. Despite the importance of epithelial renewal to intestinal homeostasis, we know little about the effects of pathogen-commensal interactions on progenitor growth. We find that the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae blocks critical growth and differentiation pathways in Drosophila progenitors, despite extensive damage to epithelial tissue. We show that the inhibition of epithelial repair requires interactions between the Vibrio cholerae type six secretion system and a community of common symbiotic bacteria, as elimination of the gut microbiome is sufficient to restore homeostatic growth in infected intestines. This work highlights the importance of pathogen-symbiont interactions for intestinal immune responses and outlines the impact of the type six secretion system on pathogenesis.
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Qiu Y, Hu L, Yang W, Yin Z, Zhou D, Yang H, Zhang Y. The type VI secretion system 2 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is regulated by QsvR. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104579. [PMID: 33091577 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) gene locus of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is comprised of three operons, VPA1027-1024, VPA1043-1028, and VPA1044-1046. QsvR is a virulence regulator of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, the regulation of VPA1027, VPA1043 and VPA1044 by QsvR was investigated by primer extension, quantitative real-time PCR, LacZ fusion, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. The results demonstrated that QsvR binds to the promoter-proximal DNA regions of each of these three operons, activating their transcription. T6SS2 was shown to predominately contribute to V. parahaemolyticus adhesion, with qsvR deletion significantly decreasing V. parahaemolyticus adhesion to HeLa cells. Thus, QsvR is not only a positive regulator of T6SS2 gene transcription but also a mediator of V. parahaemolyticus adhesion to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Soria-Bustos J, Ares MA, Gómez-Aldapa CA, González-Y-Merchand JA, Girón JA, De la Cruz MA. Two Type VI Secretion Systems of Enterobacter cloacae Are Required for Bacterial Competition, Cell Adherence, and Intestinal Colonization. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:560488. [PMID: 33072020 PMCID: PMC7541819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen in healthcare-associated infections. Analysis of the genomic sequences of several E. cloacae strains revealed the presence of genes that code for expression of at least one type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, we report that E. cloacae strain ATCC 13047 codes for two functional T6SS named T6SS-1 and T6SS-2. T6SS-1 and T6SS-2 were preferentially expressed in tryptic soy broth and tissue culture medium (DMEM), respectively. Mutants in T6SS-1-associated genes clpV1 and hcp1 significantly affected their ability of inter- and intra-bacterial killing indicating that T6SS-1 is required for bacterial competition. In addition, the Hcp effector protein was detected in supernatants of E. cloacae cultures and a functional T6SS-1 was required for the secretion of this protein. A clpV2 mutant was impaired in both biofilm formation and adherence to epithelial cells, supporting the notion that these phenotypes are T6SS-2 dependent. In vivo data strongly suggest that both T6SSs are required for intestinal colonization because single and double mutants in clpV1 and clpV2 genes were defective in gut colonization in mice. We conclude that the two T6SSs are involved in the pathogenesis scheme of E. cloacae with specialized functions in the interaction with other bacteria and with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jorge A González-Y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yde Aagaard ME, Frahm Kirk K, Linde Nielsen H, Harder Tarpgaard I, Bach Hansen J, Nielsen H. Campylobacter concisus is prevalent in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with microscopic colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:924-930. [PMID: 32667235 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1792976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microscopic colitis (MC) is potentially induced by an inflammatory reaction to a luminal gut factor. The emerging pathogen Campylobacter concisus is associated with prolonged diarrhoea and subsequently increased risk of MC. We aimed to examine the prevalence of C. concisus in clinical samples from MC patients, analyse the subtypes collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), and characterise C. concisus isolates from MC patients by genomic sequencing. METHODS Mucosal biopsies were collected by sigmoidoscopy in 55 MC patients (CC n = 34, LC n = 21). Saliva and faecal samples were also collected. A two-step cultivation method and PCR established C. concisus prevalence. Biopsy and faecal isolates were sequenced for genomic analysis. RESULTS Cultivation revealed C. concisus in saliva 55/55, faeces 14/55 and biopsies 69/436, which was confirmed by PCR in faeces 28/55 and biopsies 215/430. Interestingly, biopsy prevalence was higher in CC patients than in LC patients both by cultivation (50/270 vs.19/166, p = .058) and by PCR (175/270 vs. 40/160, p < .0001). Long disease duration also affected biopsy prevalence both by cultivation 30/244 (<2 years) vs. 39/192 (>2 years) (p = .025) and by PCR 103/239 (<2 years) vs. 112/191 (>2 years) (p = .002). Genomic analysis on sixty biopsy and twenty faecal isolates revealed division into two clusters/genomospecies and a high presence of various, putative virulence genes (zot, exotoxin 9 and hcp). CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter concisus was prevalent in MC patients. Interestingly, the biopsy prevalence differed in biopsies from CC and LC patients and with regard to disease duration. Further studies are needed to elucidate this possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Emilie Yde Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Bach Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Marasini D, Karki AB, Bryant JM, Sheaff RJ, Fakhr MK. Molecular characterization of megaplasmids encoding the type VI secretion system in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken livers and gizzards. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12514. [PMID: 32719325 PMCID: PMC7385129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Megaplasmids in Campylobacter spp. likely play important roles in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and horizontal gene transfer. In this study, megaplasmids pCJDM202 (119 kb) and pCJDM67L (116 kb) from C. jejuni strains WP2-202 and OD2-67, respectively, were sequenced and characterized. These megaplasmids contained genes for tetracycline resistance [tet(O)], the Type IV secretion system, conjugative transfer and the Type VI secretion system (T6SS). The T6SS genes in Campylobacter plasmids encoded genes and proteins that were similar to those identified in Campylobacter chromosomal DNA. When the megaplasmid pCJDM202 from C. jejuni WP2-202 was transferred via conjugation to C. jejuni NCTC11168 Nal+, transconconjugants acquired tetracycline resistance and enhanced cytotoxicity towards red blood cells. A T6SS mutant of strain WP2-202 was generated and designated Δhcp3; the mutant was significantly impaired in its ability to lyse red blood cells and survive in defibrinated blood. The cytotoxicity of Campylobacter strains towards the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293 was not impacted by the T6SS. In summary, the T6SS encoded by Campylobacter megaplasmids mediates lysis of RBCs and likely contributes to survival on retail meats where blood cells are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Marasini
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Anand B Karki
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - John M Bryant
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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44
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Zhou M, Lan Y, Wang S, Liu Q, Jian Z, Li Y, Chen X, Yan Q, Liu W. Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bloodstream infections. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23459. [PMID: 32656871 PMCID: PMC7676210 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been identified as a novel virulence factor. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the T6SS genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae‐induced bloodstream infections (BSIs). We also evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of T6SS‐positive K pneumoniae. Methods A total of 344 non‐repetitive K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates and relevant clinical data were collected from January 2016 to January 2019. For all isolates, T6SS genes, capsular serotypes, and virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK® 2 Compact. MLST was being conducted for hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HVKP). Results 69 (20.1%) were identified as T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae among 344 isolates recovered from patients with BSIs. The rate of K1 capsular serotypes and ten virulence genes in T6SS‐positive strains was higher than T6SS‐negative strains (P = .000). The T6SS‐positive rate was significantly higher than T6SS‐negative rate among HVKP isolates. (P = .000). The T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae isolates were significantly more susceptible to cefoperazone‐sulbactam, ampicillin‐sulbactam, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotan, aztreonam, ertapenem, amikacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (P < 0.05). More strains isolated from the community and liver abscess were T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae (P < .05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that community‐acquired BSIs (OR 2.986), the carriage of wcaG (OR 10.579), iucA (OR 2.441), and p‐rmpA (OR 7.438) virulence genes, and biliary diseases (OR 5.361) were independent risk factors for T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae‐induced BSIs. Conclusion The T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae was prevalent in individuals with BSIs. T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae strains seemed to be hypervirulent which revealed the potential pathogenicity of this emerging gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijuan Jian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Zheng L, Wang S, Ling M, Lv Z, Lin S. Salmonella enteritidis Hcp distribute in the cytoplasm and regulate TNF signaling pathway in BHK-21 cells. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:301. [PMID: 32550118 PMCID: PMC7292845 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp) of Salmonella enteritidis is known to be a structural and effector protein of the T6SS, but little is known about the role of Hcp in host cells. In this study, Hcp was expressed by plasmid pEGFP-N1-hcp in BHK-21 cells and the results showed that the subcellular localization of Hcp was predominantly in the cytoplasm of BHK-21 cells. When Hcp was over-expressed by transfecting plasmid pCI-neo-hcp in BHK-21 cells and mRNA sequencing was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes, the results showed a change in the expression levels of 307 mRNAs (fold change > 2, and p < 0.01). Amongst these, 125 mRNAs were up-regulated and 182 mRNAs were down-regulated. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Subsequently, we selected differentially expressed genes of TNF signaling pathway and verified the changes by real-time PCR. The results were consistent with the trend observed for the sequencing results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Hcp of Salmonella enteritidis caused the change of mRNAs expression of TNF signaling pathway in the cytoplasm of BHK-21 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zheng
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ling
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengmei Lv
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
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46
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Bryant E, Shen Z, Mannion A, Patterson M, Buczek J, Fox JG. Campylobacter taeniopygiae sp. nov., Campylobacter aviculae sp. nov., and Campylobacter estrildidarum sp. nov., Novel Species Isolated from Laboratory-Maintained Zebra Finches. Avian Dis 2020; 64:457-466. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bryant
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Mary Patterson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Jennifer Buczek
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
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Alam A, Golovliov I, Javed E, Kumar R, Ådén J, Sjöstedt A. Dissociation between the critical role of ClpB of Francisella tularensis for the heat shock response and the DnaK interaction and its important role for efficient type VI secretion and bacterial virulence. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008466. [PMID: 32275693 PMCID: PMC7182274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious, intracellular bacterium possesses an atypical type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is essential for its virulence. The chaperone ClpB, a member of the Hsp100/Clp family, is involved in Francisella T6SS disassembly and type VI secretion (T6S) is impaired in its absence. We asked if the role of ClpB for T6S was related to its prototypical role for the disaggregation activity. The latter is dependent on its interaction with the DnaK/Hsp70 chaperone system. Key residues of the ClpB-DnaK interaction were identified by molecular dynamic simulation and verified by targeted mutagenesis. Using such targeted mutants, it was found that the F. novicida ClpB-DnaK interaction was dispensable for T6S, intracellular replication, and virulence in a mouse model, although essential for handling of heat shock. Moreover, by mutagenesis of key amino acids of the Walker A, Walker B, and Arginine finger motifs of each of the two Nucleotide-Binding Domains, their critical roles for heat shock, T6S, intracellular replication, and virulence were identified. In contrast, the N-terminus was dispensable for heat shock, but required for T6S, intracellular replication, and virulence. Complementation of the ΔclpB mutant with a chimeric F. novicida ClpB expressing the N-terminal of Escherichia coli, led to reconstitution of the wild-type phenotype. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the ClpB-DnaK interaction does not contribute to T6S, whereas the N-terminal and NBD domains displayed critical roles for T6S and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor Golovliov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eram Javed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Serichantalergs O, Wassanarungroj P, Khemnu N, Poly F, Guerry P, Bodhidatta L, Crawford J, Swierczewski B. Distribution of genes related to Type 6 secretion system and lipooligosaccharide that induced ganglioside mimicry among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from human diarrhea in Thailand. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:18. [PMID: 32308743 PMCID: PMC7146907 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common bacteria responsible for human gastroenteritis worldwide. The mode of human transmission is foodborne infections due to consumption of contaminated food, especially poultry. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) were described recently as Campylobacter virulence mechanisms. Furthermore, infection sequelae associated with neurological disorders like Guillain-Barré (GBS) and Miller Fisher (MF) syndromes can become serious health problems in some patients after Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Our objective was to determine the distribution of these virulence genes among C. jejuni isolated from stool of human diarrhea. Methods A total of 524 C. jejuni strains from travelers and pediatric cases of acute diarrhea in Thailand were selected for this study. All isolates belonged to one of 20 known capsule types and all were assayed by PCR for T6SS, a hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) gene, and GBS-associated genes (cgtA, cgtB, cstII HS19 and cstII HS2 ) which are involved in sialic acid production in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) cores of C. jejuni. The distribution of these genes are summarized and discussed. Results Of all isolates with these 20 capsule types identified, 328 (62.6%) were positive for hcp, ranging from 29.2 to 100% among 10 capsule types. The GBS-associated LOS genes were detected among 14 capsule type isolates with 24.4% and 23.3% of C. jejuni isolates possessed either cstII HS19 or all three genes (cgtA, cgtB and cstII HS19 ), which were classified as LOS classes A and B whereas 9.2% of C. jejuni isolates possessing cstII HS2 were classified as LOS class C. The C. jejuni isolates of LOS A, B, and C together accounted for 56.9% of the isolates among 14 different capsule types while 31.1% of all C. jejuni isolates did not possess any GBS-associated genes. No significant difference was detected from C. jejuni isolates possessing GBS-associated LOS genes among travelers and children, but changes between those with hcp were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggested a high diversity of hcp and GBS-associated LOS genes among capsule types of C. jejuni isolated from Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oralak Serichantalergs
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Wassanarungroj
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuanpan Khemnu
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frédéric Poly
- 2Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Patricia Guerry
- 2Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Ladaporn Bodhidatta
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Crawford
- 3US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD USA
| | - Brett Swierczewski
- 4Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
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Liaw J, Hong G, Davies C, Elmi A, Sima F, Stratakos A, Stef L, Pet I, Hachani A, Corcionivoschi N, Wren BW, Gundogdu O, Dorrell N. The Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System Enhances the Oxidative Stress Response and Host Colonization. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31921044 PMCID: PMC6927950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in Campylobacter jejuni is poorly understood despite an increasing prevalence of the T6SS in recent C. jejuni isolates in humans and chickens. The T6SS is a contractile secretion machinery capable of delivering effectors that can play a role in host colonization and niche establishment. During host colonization, C. jejuni is exposed to oxidative stress in the host gastrointestinal tract, and in other bacteria the T6SS has been linked with the oxidative stress response. In this study, comparisons of whole genome sequences of a novel human isolate 488 with previously sequenced strains revealed a single highly conserved T6SS cluster shared between strains isolated from humans and chickens. The presence of a functional T6SS in the 488 wild-type strain is indicated by expression of T6SS genes and secretion of the effector TssD. Increased expression of oxidative stress response genes katA, sodB, and ahpC, and increased oxidative stress resistance in 488 wild-type strain suggest T6SS is associated with oxidative stress response. The role of the T6SS in interactions with host cells is explored using in vitro and in vivo models, and the presence of the T6SS is shown to increase C. jejuni cytotoxicity in the Galleria mellonella infection model. In biologically relevant models, the T6SS enhances C. jejuni interactions with and invasion of chicken primary intestinal cells and enhances the ability of C. jejuni to colonize chickens. This study demonstrates that the C. jejuni T6SS provides defense against oxidative stress and enhances host colonization, and highlights the importance of the T6SS during in vivo survival of T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geunhye Hong
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cadi Davies
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Sima
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Stratakos
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Hsieh PF, Lu YR, Lin TL, Lai LY, Wang JT. Klebsiella pneumoniae Type VI Secretion System Contributes to Bacterial Competition, Cell Invasion, Type-1 Fimbriae Expression, and In Vivo Colonization. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:637-647. [PMID: 30202982 PMCID: PMC6350951 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously isolated a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, NTUH-K2044, from a community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) patient. Analysis of the NTUH-K2044 genome revealed that this strain harbors 2 putative type VI secretion system (T6SS)-encoding gene clusters. Methods The distribution of T6SS genes in the PLA and intestinal-colonizing K pneumoniae clinical isolates was examined. icmF1-, icmF2-, icmF1/icmF2-, and hcp-deficient K pneumoniae strains were constructed using an unmarked deletion method. The roles of T6SSs in antibacterial activity, type-1 fimbriae expression, cell adhesion, and invasion and intestinal colonization were determined. Results The prevalence of T6SSs is higher in the PLA strains than in the intestinal-colonizing strains (37 of 42 vs 54 of 130). Deletion of icmF1/icmF2 and hcp genes significantly reduced interbacterial and intrabacterial killing. Strain deleted for icmF1 and icmF2 exhibited decreased transcriptional expression of type-1 fimbriae and reduced adherence to and invasion of human colorectal epithelial cells and was attenuated for in vivo competition to enable colonization of the host gut. Finally, Hcp expression in K pneumoniae was silenced by the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein via direct binding. Conclusions These results provide new insights into T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and attachment in K pneumoniae and could facilitate the prevention of K pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Yi-Rou Lu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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