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Tian X, Chen S, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang A, Luo Y. Cumulative burden of abnormal visceral adiposity index and its components on the risk of hyperuricemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:340-349. [PMID: 36641317 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The visceral adiposity index (VAI), a gender-specific surrogate maker of adipose tissue distribution and function, is associated with risk of hyperuricemia. However, the impact of time-burden of abnormal VAI and its components on the risk of hyperuricemia remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 56,537 participants without hyperuricemia and underwent two health examinations during 2006-2008 from the Kailuan study. Abnormal VAI burdens were evaluated as follows: (1) cumulative number of abnormal VAI presented at each examination (0-2 times); (2) cumulative number of each abnormal VAI component presented at each examination (0-2 times per component); (3) cumulative number of total abnormal VAI components presented at each examination (0-8 times). During a median follow-up of 8.81 years, 10,762 participants were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. The risk of hyperuricemia showed a positive association with cumulative number of abnormal VAI, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2 times compared to 0 times was 1.69 (1.58-1.81). All four components of abnormal VAI, when diagnosed repeatedly, were independently associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, adjusted HR (95% CI) from 1.15 (1.02-1.28) for low high-density lipoprotein to 1.68 (1.58-1.79) for elevated triglyceride. The risk of hyperuricemia also gradually as abnormal components was accumulated from 0 to 8 counts, reaching an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 3.72 (2.64-5.23). Furthermore, the effect of cumulative abnormal VAI was more pronounced in females than males (P-interaction < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative abnormal VAI burdens were positively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qin Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanxia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Influence of DNA-Polymorphisms in Selected Circadian Clock Genes on Clock Gene Expression in Subjects from the General Population and Their Association with Sleep Duration. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091294. [PMID: 36143969 PMCID: PMC9506325 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Circadian rhythms have an important implication in numerous physiological and metabolic processes, including the sleep/wake cycle. Inter-individual differences in factors associated with circadian system may be due to gene differences in gene expression. Although several studies have analyzed the association between DNA polymorphisms and circadian variables, the influence on gene expression has been poorly analyzed. Our goal was to analyze the association of genetic variations in the clock genes and the gene expression level. Materials and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 102 adults (50.9% women). RNA and DNA were isolated from blood and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the main circadian clock genes were determined. Gene expression of CLOCK, PER1, and VRK2 genes was measured by Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The association between the DNA-SNPs and gene expression was analyzed at the gene level. In addition, a polygenic risk score (PRS), including all the significant SNPs related to gene expression, was created for each gene. Multivariable model analysis was performed. Results: Sex-specific differences were detected in PER1 expression, with these being higher in women (p = 0.034). No significant differences were detected in clock genes expression and lifestyle variables. We observed a significant association between the ARNTL-rs7924734, ARNTL-rs10832027, VRK2- rs2678902 SNPs, and CLOCK gene expression; the PER3-rs228642 and PER3-rs10127838 were related to PER1 expression, and the ARNTL-rs10832027, ARNTL-rs11022778, and MNTR1B-rs10830963 were associated with VRK2 gene expression (p < 0.05). The specific PRS created was significantly associated with each of the gene expressions analyzed (p < 0.001). Finally, sleep duration was associated with PER3-rs238666 (p = 0.008) and CLOCK-rs4580704 (p = 0.023). Conclusion: We detected significant associations between DNA-SNPs in the clock genes and their gene expression level in leukocytes and observed some differences in gene expression per sex. Moreover, we reported for the first time an association between clock gene polymorphisms and CLOCK, PER1, and VRK2 gene expression. These findings need further investigation.
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Hwang SY, An JH, Kim KB, Lee JH, Park SM, Oh YI, Chae HK, Youn HY. Gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese dogs. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:517-523. [PMID: 35044092 PMCID: PMC8959286 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a possible marker of inflammation in obesity. Understanding the expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs in obese dogs will help control obesity‐related inflammatory diseases. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PBMCs in obesity‐associated chronic inflammation by analyzing the expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 25 subjects and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction determinations were performed to quantify the gene expression levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐17, leptin, MCP‐1, and adiponectin, in the PBMCs. Results The results showed that the gene expression levels of TNF‐α (p < 0.001), IL‐17 (p < 0.0001), and leptin (p < 0.0001) were strongly upregulated in the PBMCs of obese dogs compared to that in non‐obese dogs. Conclusions The changes in gene expression levels of inflammation‐related adipokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines occur in PBMCs, which may contribute to the low‐grade chronic inflammation that is present in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kalafati M, Kutmon M, Evelo CT, van der Kallen CJH, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Consortium BIOS, Blaak EE, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Adriaens M. An interferon-related signature characterizes the whole blood transcriptome profile of insulin-resistant individuals—the CODAM study. GENES & NUTRITION 2021; 16:22. [PMID: 34886800 PMCID: PMC8903498 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance has grown dramatically. Gene expression profiling in blood represents a powerful means to explore disease pathogenesis, but the potential impact of inter-individual differences in a cell-type profile is not always taken into account. The objective of this project was to investigate the whole blood transcriptome profile of insulin-resistant as compared to insulin-sensitive individuals independent of inter-individual differences in white blood cell profile. Results We report a 3% higher relative amount of monocytes in the insulin-resistant individuals. Furthermore, independent of their white blood cell profile, insulin-resistant participants had (i) higher expression of interferon-stimulated genes and (ii) lower expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions We present an approach to investigate the whole blood transcriptome of insulin-resistant individuals, independent of their DNA methylation-derived white blood cell profile. An interferon-related signature characterizes the whole blood transcriptome profile of the insulin-resistant individuals, independent of their white blood cell profile. The observed signature indicates increased systemic inflammation possibly due to an innate immune response and whole-body insulin resistance, which can be a cause or a consequence of insulin resistance. Altered gene expression in specific organs may be reflected in whole blood; hence, our results may reflect obesity and/or insulin resistance-related organ dysfunction in the insulin-resistant individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00702-7.
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Veras ACC, Santos TD, Martins IDCA, de Souza CM, Amaral CL, Franco BDS, Holanda ASDS, Esteves AM, Milanski M, Torsoni AS, Ignacio-Souza LM, Torsoni MA. Low-Dose Coconut Oil Supplementation Induces Hypothalamic Inflammation, Behavioral Dysfunction, and Metabolic Damage in Healthy Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000943. [PMID: 33650755 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Coconut oil (CO) diets remain controversial due to the possible association with metabolic disorder and obesity. This study investigates the metabolic effects of a low amount of CO supplementation. METHODS AND RESULTS Swiss male mice are assigned to be supplemented orally during 8 weeks with 300 µL of water for the control group (CV), 100 or 300 µL of CO (CO100 and CO300) and 100 or 300 µL of soybean oil (SO; SO100 and SO300). CO led to anxious behavior, increase in body weight gain, and adiposity. In the hypothalamus, CO and SO increase cytokines expression and pJNK, pNFKB, and TLR4 levels. Nevertheless, the adipose tissue presented increases macrophage infiltration, TNF-α and IL-6 after CO and SO consumption. IL-1B and CCL2 expression, pJNK and pNFKB levels increase only in CO300. In the hepatic tissue, CO increases TNF-α and chemokines expression. Neuronal cell line (mHypoA-2/29) exposed to serum from CO and SO mice shows increased NFKB migration to the nucleus, TNF-α, and NFKBia expression, but are prevented by inhibitor of TLR4 (TAK-242). CONCLUSIONS These results show that a low-dose CO changes the behavioral pattern, induces inflammatory pathway activation, TLR4 expression in healthy mice, and stimulates the pro-inflammatory response through a TLR4-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamires Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Mendes de Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Camila Libardi Amaral
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Beatriz da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Sleep and Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Maculano Esteves
- Laboratory of Sleep and Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Insulin resistance in obese adolescents affects the expression of genes associated with immune response. Endocr Regul 2020; 53:71-82. [PMID: 31517622 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dysregulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes through changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes. METHODS The expression level of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, HLA-F, and NFX1 genes as well as miR-190b was measured in the blood of obese adolescents without signs of resistance to insulin and with insulin resistance in comparison with the group of relative healthy control individuals without signs of obesity. RESULTS It was shown that obesity without signs of insulin resistance is associated with upregulation of the expression level of HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1 genes, but with down-regulation of HLA-G gene expression in the blood as compared to control group of relative healthy adolescents. At the same time, no significant changes were observed in the expression level of HLA-F and NFX1 genes in the blood of this group of obese adolescents. Development of insulin resistance in obese individuals leads to significant down-regulation of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, and HLA-F gene expressions as well as to up-regulation of NFX1 gene as well as microRNA miR-190b in the blood as compared to obese patients without signs of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study provide evidence that obesity affects the expression of the subset of genes related to immune response in the blood and that development of insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with strong down-regulation of the expressions of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-F, and HLA-G genes, which may be contribute to the development of obesity complications. It is possible that transcription factor NFX1 and miR-190b participate in downregulation of HLA-DRA gene expression in the blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance.
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Noronha SSR, Lima PM, Campos GSV, Chírico MTT, Abreu AR, Figueiredo AB, Silva FCS, Chianca DA, Lowry CA, De Menezes RCA. Association of high-fat diet with neuroinflammation, anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses, and altered thermoregulatory responses in male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:500-511. [PMID: 31022457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a worldwide pandemic affecting billions of people. These conditions have been associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is recognized as a risk factor for a range of somatic diseases as well as neurodevelopmental disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, and affective disorders. We previously reported that the ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat kcal/g) for nine weeks was capable of inducing obesity in rats in association with increased reactivity to stress and increased anxiety-related defensive behavior. In this study, we conducted a nine-week diet protocol to induce obesity in rats, followed by investigation of anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses using the elevated T-maze (ETM), numbers of FOS-immunoreactive cells after exposure of rats to the avoidance or escape task of the ETM, and neuroinflammatory cytokine expression in hypothalamic and amygdaloid nuclei. In addition, we investigated stress-induced cutaneous thermoregulatory responses during exposure to an open-field (OF). Here we demonstrated that nine weeks of HFD intake induced obesity, in association with increased abdominal fat pad weight, increased anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses, and increased proinflammatory cytokines in hypothalamic and amygdaloid nuclei. In addition, HFD exposure altered avoidance- or escape task-induced FOS-immunoreactivity within brain structures involved in control of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to aversive stimuli, including the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsomedial (DMH), paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei. Furthermore, rats exposed to HFD, relative to control diet-fed rats, responded with increased tail skin temperature at baseline and throughout exposure to an open-field apparatus. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that HFD induces neuroinflammation, alters excitability of brain nuclei controlling neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli, and enhances stress reactivity and anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S R Noronha
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - P M Lima
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - G S V Campos
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - M T T Chírico
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - A R Abreu
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - A B Figueiredo
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - F C S Silva
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - D A Chianca
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - C A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - R C A De Menezes
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil.
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Minchenko OH, Viletska YM, Minchenko DO, Davydov VV. Insulin resistance in obese adolescents and adult men modifies the expression of proliferation related genes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Allison KC, Goel N. Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:158-166. [PMID: 29486170 PMCID: PMC6019166 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Timing of eating is recognized as a significant contributor to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal (daytime) to a delayed (evening) lifestyle leads to altered circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. This article reviews current evidence for timed and delayed eating in individuals of normal weight and those with overweight or obesity: although some findings indicate a benefit of eating earlier in the daytime on weight and/or metabolic outcomes, results have not been uniformly consistent, and more rigorous and longer-duration studies are needed. We also review potential circadian mechanisms underlying the metabolic- and weight-related changes resulting from timed and delayed eating. Further identification of such mechanisms using deep phenotyping is required to determine targets for medical interventions for obesity and for prevention of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and to inform clinical guidelines regarding eating schedules for management of weight and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Reynés B, Priego T, Cifre M, Oliver P, Palou A. Peripheral Blood Cells, a Transcriptomic Tool in Nutrigenomic and Obesity Studies: Current State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1006-1020. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Univ. Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Margalida Cifre
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
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Gu D, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Miao S, Qu Q. Positively increased visceral adiposity index in hyperuricemia free of metabolic syndrome. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:101. [PMID: 29734946 PMCID: PMC5938806 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was closely associated with metabolic syndrome, however almost no research focused on VAI and hyperuricemia, therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship of VAI and hyperuricemia free of metabolic syndrome and estimate the power of VAI as predictor for hyperuricemia. Methods A cross-sectional research coming from a health check-up program was conducted. All participants were divided into four groups according to VAI quartiles. A multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the quartiles and hyperuricemia. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of predictions for hyperuricemia. Results VAI was independent risk factor of hyperuricemia. The ORs of which in the upper quartile were 3.077 (95%CI 1.78-5.293), P = 0.000, in model 1, after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, fast plasma glucose, serum creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol; and 3.041 (95CI 1.767-5.233), P = 0.000, in model 2, after adjusting for the above plus physical activity, diet, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, hypertension and diabetes history. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of VAI was 0.618 (95%CI 0.572-0.665), P = 0.000; it was higher than WC, which was 0.556 (95%CI 0.508-0.604), P = 0.024, for hyperuricemia. Conclusions VAI was associated with hyperuricemia among individuals free of metabolic syndrome, and also a powerful indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Center, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanan Ding
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Center, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhai Miao
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Center, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Qu
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Center, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
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Distinct transcriptional and metabolic profiles associated with empathy in Buddhist priests: a pilot study. Hum Genomics 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28865488 PMCID: PMC5581455 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-017-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that spiritual/religious involvement may have beneficial effects on both psychological and physical functions. However, the biological basis for this relationship remains unclear. This study explored the role of spiritual/religious involvement across a wide range of biological markers, including transcripts and metabolites, associated with the psychological aspects of empathy in Buddhist priests. Methods Ten professional Buddhist priests and 10 age-matched non-priest controls were recruited. The participants provided peripheral blood samples for the analysis of gene expression and metabolic profiles. The participants also completed validated questionnaires measuring empathy, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Results The microarray analyses revealed that the distinct transcripts in the Buddhist priests included up-regulated genes related to type I interferon (IFN) innate anti-viral responses (i.e., MX1, RSAD2, IFIT1, IFIT3, IFI27, IFI44L, and HERC5), and the genes C17orf97 (ligand of arginyltranseferase 1; ATE1), hemoglobin γA (HBG1), keratin-associated protein (KRTAP10-12), and sialic acid Ig-like lectin 14 (SIGLEC14) were down-regulated at baseline. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolites, including 3-aminoisobutylic acid (BAIBA), choline, several essential amino acids (e.g., methionine, phenylalanine), and amino acid derivatives (e.g., 2-aminoadipic acid, asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl-arginine (SMDA)), were elevated in the Buddhist priests. By contrast, there was no significant difference of healthy lifestyle behaviors and daily nutrient intakes between the priests and the controls in this study. With regard to the psychological aspects, the Buddhist priests showed significantly higher empathy compared with the control. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that empathy aspects in the priests were significantly correlated with the certain transcripts and metabolites. Conclusions We performed in vivo phenotyping using transcriptomics, metabolomics, and psychological analyses and found an association between empathy and the phenotype of Buddhist priests in this pilot study. The up-regulation of the anti-viral type I IFN responsive genes and distinct metabolites in the plasma may represent systemic biological adaptations with a unique signature underlying spiritual/religious practices for Buddhists. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-017-0117-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kim S, Lee HS, Park HK, Linton JA, Lee JW, Lee H. Visceral adiposity and expression of clock genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2017. [PMID: 28650669 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1337780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a close interrelationship between disrupted circadian rhythms and obesity and metabolic disturbances. In particular, abdominal obesity, which contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease, is associated with disrupted clock gene expression. However, little is known about the relationship between clock gene expression and accurate computed tomography (CT)-based measurements of visceral adiposity. Therefore, we examined the relationship between expression of clock genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in 75 healthy overweight or obese individuals. PBMCs were obtained from blood samples collected at 8 AM, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were measured by CT. Our results showed that visceral fat area was significantly positively correlated with BMAL1 and CRY1 mRNA levels and significantly negatively correlated with CLOCK, PER2, PER3 and CRY2 mRNA levels. In contrast, subcutaneous fat area was not correlated with the expression of any of the clock genes analyzed. After adjusting for multiple variables, visceral fat area was significantly associated with the expression of BMAL1, PER2 and CRY1. Taken together, our results indicate that visceral adiposity, but not subcutaneous adiposity, correlates with expression of clock genes in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kim
- a International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- b Biostatistics Collaboration Unit , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Gangnam-gu , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Park
- c Department of Clinical Nursing , Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| | - John A Linton
- a International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul , Korea.,d Department of Family Medicine , Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- e Department of Family Medicine , Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- c Department of Clinical Nursing , Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea.,f Department of Clinical Nursing , Yonsei University College of Nursing , Seoul , Korea
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14
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Rashad NM, El-Shal AS, Etewa RL, Wadea FM. Lipocalin-2 expression and serum levels as early predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:88-97. [PMID: 28116808 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are increasing in epidemic proportions globally. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is an inflammatory adipocytokine and obesity-related marker of low-grade inflammation. We aimed to investigate, for first time, the possible role of LCN-2 expression and serum levels in prediction of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among obese Egyptian women. This study included 188 obese women and 180 controls. Obese women were subdivided into three subgroups according to their fasting blood glucose, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), IGT and T2DM. Circulating LCN-2 expression levels were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction. Serum LCN-2 concentrations were assessed by ELISA. Our findings revealed that LCN-2 expression and serum levels were higher in obese women compared to lean controls. They were higher in IGT and T2DM obese cases than in NGT obese women. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that LCN-2 expression level was a useful biomarker discriminating IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women (AUC were 0.735 and 0.740, respectively). It was an independent predictor of IGT and T2DM among obese women. Serum LCN-2 level was a useful biomarker discriminating IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women (AUC were 0.705 and 0.728, respectively). It was independent predictor of T2DM without predicting IGT among obese women. The power of combined LCN-2 serum levels and expression in discriminating between IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women was high (AUC = 0.717 and 0.741, respectively). In conclusion, LCN-2 expression and serum levels could discriminate IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women and early predicting T2DM among obese women. While, LCN-2 expression level was the independent predictor of IGT in obese women. Combination of both LCN-2 expression and serum levels improved their diagnostic value in early detection of IGT and T2DM among obese women. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):88-97, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha L Etewa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fady M Wadea
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Pérez-Matute P, Iñiguez M, Recio-Fernández E, Oteo JA. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in HIV-associated lipoatrophy by transcriptomics: a pilot study. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:431-443. [PMID: 28074419 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated lipoatrophy (LA) has considerable implications for risk of metabolic diseases, quality of life, and adherence to treatments. Although it has decreased in high-income countries, it is still very common in resource-limited countries. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of LA can open the possibility to explore new ways to treat or prevent this condition. To identify new markers for an accurate and quick diagnosis will be also of interest. Thus, we aimed to examine functional classes of genes implicated in LA and to identify potential new markers for an accurate/quick diagnosis of LA and future complications. Eighteen participants were recruited: seven healthy volunteers, five non-LA-HIV patients, and six LA-HIV subjects. Clinical lipoatrophy was considered when changes in fat volume in the cheeks next to the nose, lateral aspect of the face, legs, arms, and buttocks were observed by the physicians. mRNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to perform a transcriptomic and Gene Ontology analysis. To confirm RNA sequencing results, qPCRs were developed. A total of 55 genes were differentially expressed between LA and non-LA patients. Thirty-seven genes were overexpressed, whereas 18 genes were repressed. Functional analysis showed that overexpressed genes were involved in lymphocyte/neutrophil activation, inflammation, and atherogenesis. Several lymphoma markers and members of the lipocalin and aquaporin families were also found more expressed in LA patients. In contrast, most of the genes found less expressed in LA subjects were involved in angiogenesis and protection against myocardial infarction. Our results demonstrated a distinct transcriptomic signature in PBMCs of LA patients in comparison with non-LA-HIV subjects and, therefore, provided novel insights to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lipoatrophy. Our study also highlights the potential usage of some of these genes as early markers of future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez-Matute
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)-Hospital San Pedro, Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - María Iñiguez
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Emma Recio-Fernández
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)-Hospital San Pedro, Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Oteo
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)-Hospital San Pedro, Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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16
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Obata Y, Maeda N, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Nakamura S, Yamaoka M, Tanaka Y, Masuda S, Nagao H, Fukuda S, Fujishima Y, Kita S, Nishizawa H, Funahashi T, Matsubara KI, Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I. Impact of visceral fat on gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells in obese Japanese subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:159. [PMID: 27899146 PMCID: PMC5129204 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral fat plays a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The association of visceral fat accumulation with cardio-metabolic diseases has been reported, but the impact of visceral fat on the gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) on the gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells of obese subjects. Methods All 17 enrolled subjects were hospitalized to receive diet therapy for obesity (defined as body mass index, BMI, greater than 25 kg/m2). VFA and SFA were measured at the umbilical level by computed tomography (CT). Blood samples were subjected to gene expression profile analysis by using SurePrint G3 Human GE Microarray 8 × 60 k ver. 2.0. The correlation between various clinical parameters, including VFA and SFA, and peripheral blood gene expression levels was analyzed. Results Among the 17 subjects, 12 had normal glucose tolerance or borderline diabetes, and 5 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes without medications [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); 6.3 ± 1.3%]. The mean BMI, VFA, and SFA were 30.0 ± 5.5 kg/m2, 177 ± 67 and 245 ± 131 cm2, respectively. Interestingly, VFA altered the expression of 1354 genes, including up-regulation of 307 and down-regulation of 1047, under the statistical environment that the parametric false discovery rate (FDR) was less than 0.1. However, no significant effects were noted for SFA or BMI. Gene ontology analysis showed higher prevalence of VFA-associated genes than that of SFA-associated genes, among the genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, immune response, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. Conclusions Accumulation of visceral fat, but not subcutaneous fat, has a significant impact on the gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells in obese Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Obata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuya Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-15-1 Kaigan, Suzuebaydium 5F, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0022, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeki Masuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsubara
- DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-15-1 Kaigan, Suzuebaydium 5F, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0022, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Jégou M, Gondret F, Lalande-Martin J, Tea I, Baéza E, Louveau I. NMR-based metabolomics highlights differences in plasma metabolites in pigs exhibiting diet-induced differences in adiposity. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1189-99. [PMID: 25997692 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A better understanding of the control of body fat mass and distribution is required for both human health and animal production. The current study investigates plasma parameters in response to changes in body fat mass. METHODS Pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake were fed diets contrasted in energy sources and nutrients. Between 74 and 132 days of age, pigs (n = 12 by diet and by line) received isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, either rich in starch (LF) or in lipids and fibres (HF). At the end of the feeding trial, plasma samples were analysed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and standard hormonal and biochemical assays. RESULTS Pigs fed the HF diet had lower (P < 0.01) perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue relative masses than pigs fed the LF diet. Metabolomic approach showed a clear discrimination between diets, with lower (P < 0.05) plasma levels of creatinine-lysine, creatine, tyrosine, proline, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and formate but higher (P < 0.001) plasma VLDL-LDL levels in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were higher (P < 0.001), while plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, leptin, glucose, insulin and urea were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma levels of leptin, creatine and urea were positively correlated (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) with relative adipose tissue masses. CONCLUSION These data indicate that metabolites associated with energy and protein metabolism were involved in the response to a high-fat, high-fibre diet. Relevant plasma indicators of metabolic flexibility related to changes in body adiposity were then proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Jégou
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Lalande-Martin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Illa Tea
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Isabelle Louveau
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Salvador J, Frühbeck G. Peripheral mononuclear blood cells contribute to the obesity-associated inflammatory state independently of glycemic status: involvement of the novel proinflammatory adipokines chemerin, chitinase-3-like protein 1, lipocalin-2 and osteopontin. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:460. [PMID: 25869413 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders with adipose tissue being crucial in the inflammatory response by releasing multiple adipokines with either pro- or anti-inflammatory activities with potential functions as metabolic regulators. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been proposed as representative of the inflammatory status in obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of PBMC to the obesity-associated chronic inflammation analyzing the expression of novel adipokines. Samples obtained from 69 subjects were used in the study. Real-time PCR determinations were performed to quantify gene expression levels in PBMC of novel adipokines including chemerin, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) and osteopontin (OPN), and their circulating concentrations were also determined by ELISA. We show, for the first time, that PBMC gene expression levels of chemerin (P < 0.0001), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (P = 0.010), lipocalin-2 (P < 0.0001) and osteopontin (P < 0.0001) were strongly upregulated in obesity independently of the glycemic state. Circulating concentrations of these adipokines followed the same trend being significantly higher (P < 0.05) in obese normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic patients compared to lean volunteers and also associated (P < 0.05) with their corresponding mRNA levels in PBMC. These results provide evidence that alterations in inflammation-related adipokines are manifest in PBMC, which might contribute to the low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,
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Yamaoka M, Shimomura I. [The Update of Obesity Syndrome: Molecular Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Therapies. Topics: I. Recent Topics on Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of the Obesity Syndrome; 4. Circadian rhythm disorders and obesity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 104:710-6. [PMID: 26536733 DOI: 10.2169/naika.104.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. Lipid accumulation product is associated with insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:443-9. [PMID: 25325262 PMCID: PMC4285040 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.4.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel biomarker of central lipid accumulation related to risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we assessed the association of LAP with glucose homeostasis, lipid and lipid peroxidation, and subclinical systemic inflammation in diabetic patients. METHODS Thirty-nine male and 47 female type 2 diabetic patients were assessed for anthropometrics and biochemical measurements. LAP was calculated as [waist circumference (cm)-65]×[triglycerides (mmol/L)] in men, and [waist circumference (cm)-58]×[triglycerides (mmol/L)] in women. Associations of LAP with fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, lipid and lipoprotein levels, malondialdehyde, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. RESULTS Mean age and LAP index were 53.6±9.6 and 51.9±31.2 years, respectively. After adjustments for age, sex and body mass index status, a significant positive correlation was observed between LAP index and fasting glucose (r=0.39, P<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.31, P<0.05). After additional adjustment for fasting glucose levels, antidiabetic and antilipidemic drugs, the LAP index was also correlated to total cholesterol (r=0.45, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r=-0.29, P<0.05), triglycerides to HDL-C ratio (r=0.89, P<0.001), malondialdehyde (r=0.65, P<0.001), and hs-CRP levels (r=0.27, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Higher central lipid accumulation in diabetic patients was related to higher insulin resistance, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, and Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, and Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yamaoka M, Maeda N, Takayama Y, Sekimoto R, Tsushima Y, Matsuda K, Mori T, Inoue K, Nishizawa H, Tominaga M, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Adipose hypothermia in obesity and its association with period homolog 1, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in fat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112813. [PMID: 25397888 PMCID: PMC4232416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat adiposity plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome. We reported previously the impact of human visceral fat adiposity on gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly associated with visceral fat area and period homolog 1 (PER1) showed the most significant negative correlation with visceral fat area. However, regulation of adipose Per1 remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to understand the regulation of Per1 in adipose tissues. Adipose Per1 mRNA levels of ob/ob mice were markedly low at 25 and 35 weeks of age. The levels of other core clock genes of white adipose tissues were also low in ob/ob mice at 25 and 35 weeks of age. Per1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the mature adipocyte fraction (MAF) and it was significantly low in MAF of ob/ob mice. To examine the possible mechanisms, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H2O2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), S100A8, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, no significant changes in Per1 mRNA level were observed by these agents. Exposure of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes to low temperature (33°C) decreased Per1 and catalase, and increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) mRNA levels. Hypothermia also worsened insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, telemetric analysis showed low temperature of adipose tissues in ob/ob mice. In obesity, adipose hypothermia seems to accelerate adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Tsushima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Inoue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Kovanen L, Donner K, Kaunisto M, Partonen T. CRY1, CRY2 and PRKCDBP genetic variants in metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:186-92. [PMID: 25391456 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock affects metabolic cycles, and there is a link between circadian clock genes and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we wanted to investigate whether variants of the core circadian clock genes, cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2), or those of protein kinase C, delta binding protein (PRKCDBP), which regulate the interactions and abundance of dimers of the period and cryptochrome proteins, are associated with metabolic syndrome or its components. The association of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from CRY1, CRY2 and PRKCDBP genes with metabolic disorder or its components was analyzed in a sample of 5910 individuals. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. SNPs and haplotypes were analyzed using linear or logistic regression with additive models controlling for age and sex. Continuous phenotypes were permuted 10,000 times. False discovery rate q-values were calculated to correct for multiple testing. Overall, CRY1 and CRY2 variants showed nominal association with the metabolic syndrome components, hypertension and triglyceride levels, and one CRY2 variant had an association with metabolic syndrome, although none of these associations yielded significant q-values. However, the haplotype analysis of these variants supported the association of CRY1 with arterial hypertension and elevated blood pressure. Further studies are warranted regarding the role of CRY1 in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kovanen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kaunisto
- 1] Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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Mehta R, Birerdinc A, Wang L, Younoszai Z, Moazzez A, Elariny H, Goodman Z, Chandhoke V, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Expression of energy metabolism related genes in the gastric tissue of obese individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24716593 PMCID: PMC4021272 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach is an integral part of the energy balance regulating circuit. Studies exploring the effects of cross-system changes in the energy homeostasis in stomach tissue are scarce. The proximity of the stomach to liver - the most common secondary target affected by obesity – suggests that these two organs are exposed to each other’s local secretion. Therefore, we aimed at expression profiling of energy metabolism associated genes in the gastric tissue of obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Methods A total of 24 patients with histologically-proven NAFLD were included. In the gastric tissue, gene expression profiling of 84 energy metabolism associated genes was carried out. Results The accumulation of the fat in the liver parenchyma is accompanied by downregulation of genes encoding for carboxypeptidase E (CPE) and Interleukin 1B (IL1B) in the gastric mucosa of same patient. In patients with high grade hepatic steatosis, Interleukin 1 beta encoding gene with anorexigenic function, IL1B was downregulated. The levels expression of 21 genes, including ADRA2B, CNR1 and LEP were significantly altered in the gastric tissue of NAFLD patients with hepatic inflammation. There were also indications of an increase in the opioid signaling within gastric mucosa that may results in a shift to proinflammatory environment within this organ and contribute to systemic inflammation and the pathogenic processes in hepatic parenchyma. Conclusions We have shown differential expression of energy metabolism associated genes in the gastric tissue of obese NAFLD patients. Importantly, these gene expression profiles are associated with changes in the hepatic parenchyma as reflected in increased scores for hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and NASH. This study suggests the complex interplay of multiple organs in the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications such as NAFLD and provides further evidence supporting an important role for gastric tissue in promoting obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ancha Baranova
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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Inoue K, Maeda N, Mori T, Sekimoto R, Tsushima Y, Matsuda K, Yamaoka M, Suganami T, Nishizawa H, Ogawa Y, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Possible involvement of Opa-interacting protein 5 in adipose proliferation and obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87661. [PMID: 24516558 PMCID: PMC3916335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic matter increasing risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. We recently examined the association between visceral fat adiposity and gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells in human subjects. In a series of studies, Opa (Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity-associated)-interacting protein 5 (OIP5) was nominated as a molecule of unknown function in adipocytes and thus the present study was performed to investigate the role of OIP5 in obesity. Adenovirus overexpressing Oip5 (Ad-Oip5) was generated and infected to 3T3-L1 cells stably expressing Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR-3T3-L1) and to mouse subcutaneous fat. For a knockdown experiment, siRNA against Oip5 (Oip5-siRNA) was introduced into 3T3-L1 cells. Proliferation of adipose cells was measured by BrdU uptake, EdU-staining, and cell count. Significant increase of Oip5 mRNA level was observed in obese white adipose tissues and such increase was detected in both mature adipocytes fraction and stromal vascular cell fraction. Ad-Oip5-infected CAR-3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes proliferated rapidly, while a significant reduction of proliferation was observed in Oip5-siRNA-introduced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Fat weight and number of adipocytes were significantly increased in Ad-Oip5-administered fat tissues. Oip5 promotes proliferation of pre- and mature-adipocytes and contributes adipose hyperplasia. Increase of Oip5 may associate with development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Inoue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Tsushima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Organ Network and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Podkolodnaya OA. Molecular and genetic aspects of interactions of the circadian clock and the energy-producing substrate metabolism in mammals. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Adiponectin and the cardiometabolic syndrome: an epidemiological perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:93-106. [PMID: 24417949 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein with cardio-vasculo-protective and anti-diabetic properties. Plasma adiponectin levels are low in patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome (a cluster of multiple risk factors based on visceral fat accumulation). Routine measurement of plasma adiponectin may be useful to encourage life-style changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-Ku, Osaka 530-0005, Japan.
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Tangen SE, Tsinajinnie D, Nuñez M, Shaibi GQ, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Whole blood gene expression profiles in insulin resistant Latinos with the metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84002. [PMID: 24358323 PMCID: PMC3866261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is well-characterized, the role of circulating whole blood in the metabolic syndrome phenotype is not well understood. We set out to test the hypothesis that genes involved in inflammation, insulin signaling and mitochondrial function would be altered in expression in the whole blood of individuals with metabolic syndrome. We further wanted to examine whether similar relationships that we have found previously in skeletal muscle exist in peripheral whole blood cells. All subjects (n=184) were Latino descent from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry. Subjects were classified based on the metabolic syndrome phenotype according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Of the 184 Latino subjects in the study, 74 were classified with the metabolic syndrome and 110 were without. Whole blood gene expression profiling was performed using the Agilent 4x44K Whole Human Genome Microarray. Whole blood microarray analysis identified 1,432 probes that were altered in expression ≥1.2 fold and P<0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg in the metabolic syndrome subjects. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment for pathways including ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and MAPK signaling (all Benjamini-Hochberg P<0.05). Whole blood mRNA expression changes observed in the microarray data were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis revealed E2F1, ELK1, NF-kappaB, STAT1 and STAT3 significantly enriched after Bonferroni correction (all P<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrate that whole blood is a useful tissue for studying the metabolic syndrome and its underlying insulin resistance although the relationship between blood and skeletal muscle differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Tangen
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Darwin Tsinajinnie
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Martha Nuñez
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
- * E-mail:
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28
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A novel role for adipose ephrin-B1 in inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76199. [PMID: 24098442 PMCID: PMC3787942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ephrin-B1 (EfnB1) was selected among genes of unknown function in adipocytes or adipose tissue and subjected to thorough analysis to understand its role in the development of obesity. Methods and Results EfnB1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in adipose tissues of obese mice and such reduction was mainly observed in mature adipocytes. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and their culture with RAW264.7 cells reduced EFNB1 levels. Knockdown of adipose EFNB1 increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) mRNA level and augmented the TNF-α-mediated THP-1 monocyte adhesion to adipocytes. Adenovirus-mediated adipose EFNB1-overexpression significantly reduced the increase in Mcp-1 mRNA level induced by coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with RAW264.7 cells. Monocyte adherent assay showed that adipose EfnB1-overexpression significantly decreased the increase of monocyte adhesion by coculture with RAW264.7 cells. TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was reduced by EFNB1-overexpression. Conclusions EFNB1 contributes to the suppression of adipose inflammatory response. In obesity, reduction of adipose EFNB1 may accelerate the vicious cycle involved in adipose tissue inflammation.
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Zhao D, Liu H. Adipose tissue dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. World J Hypertens 2013; 3:18-26. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v3.i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a growing research area. The underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndrome are still not very clear. Insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation and oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction is emphasized during the development of obesity. Adipose tissue is identified as a complex endocrine organ and its metabolic functions extend well beyond the classical actions of thermoregulation and of storage and release of fatty acids. Chronic low-grade inflammation activated by the immune system in adipose tissue is a key contributing factor to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral obesity results in cell autonomous impairment in insulin signaling that leads to insulin resistance. Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue has gained acceptance as a lead promoter of insulin resistance in obesity. Furthermore, obesity creates oxidative stress conditions in adipose tissue that not only correlates with insulin resistance but is also causative in its development. Oxidative stress may be a mechanistic link between several components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, through its role in inflammation and its ability to disrupt insulin-signaling. The study around adipose tissue dysfunction will help to understand the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and may bring effective therapy in treatment of metabolic syndrome related diseases. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the roles of adipose tissue dysfunction in inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
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Cermakian N, Lange T, Golombek D, Sarkar D, Nakao A, Shibata S, Mazzoccoli G. Crosstalk between the circadian clock circuitry and the immune system. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:870-88. [PMID: 23697902 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.782315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various features, components, and functions of the immune system present daily variations. Immunocompetent cell counts and cytokine levels present variations according to the time of day and the sleep-wake cycle. Moreover, different immune cell types, such as macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, contain a circadian molecular clockwork. The biological clocks intrinsic to immune cells and lymphoid organs, together with inputs from the central pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei via humoral and neural pathways, regulate the function of cells of the immune system, including their response to signals and their effector functions. Consequences of this include, for example, the daily variation in the response to an immune challenge (e.g., bacterial endotoxin injection) and the circadian control of allergic reactions. The circadian-immune connection is bidirectional, because in addition to this circadian control of immune functions, immune challenges and immune mediators (e.g., cytokines) were shown to have strong effects on circadian rhythms at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels. This tight crosstalk between the circadian and immune systems has wide-ranging implications for disease, as shown by the higher incidence of cancer and the exacerbation of autoimmune symptoms upon circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Zhang Y, Kent JW, Olivier M, Ali O, Cerjak D, Broeckel U, Abdou RM, Dyer TD, Comuzzie A, Curran JE, Carless MA, Rainwater DL, Göring HHH, Blangero J, Kissebah AH. A comprehensive analysis of adiponectin QTLs using SNP association, SNP cis-effects on peripheral blood gene expression and gene expression correlation identified novel metabolic syndrome (MetS) genes with potential role in carcinogenesis and systemic inflammation. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:14. [PMID: 23628382 PMCID: PMC3643849 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an aberration associated with increased risk for cancer and inflammation. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-produced abundant protein hormone, has countering effect on the diabetogenic and atherogenic components of MetS. Plasma levels of adiponectin are negatively correlated with onset of cancer and cancer patient mortality. We previously performed microsatellite linkage analyses using adiponectin as a surrogate marker and revealed two QTLs on chr5 (5p14) and chr14 (14q13). METHODS Using individuals from 85 extended families that contributed to the linkage and who were measured for 42 clinical and biologic MetS phenotypes, we tested QTL-based SNP associations, peripheral white blood cell (PWBC) gene expression, and the effects of cis-acting SNPs on gene expression to discover genomic elements that could affect the pathophysiology and complications of MetS. RESULTS Adiponectin levels were found to be highly intercorrelated phenotypically with the majority of MetS traits. QTL-specific haplotype-tagging SNPs associated with MetS phenotypes were annotated to 14 genes whose function could influence MetS biology as well as oncogenesis or inflammation. These were mechanistically categorized into four groups: cell-cell adhesion and mobility, signal transduction, transcription and protein sorting. Four genes were highly prioritized: cadherin 18 (CDH18), myosin X (MYO10), anchor protein 6 of AMPK (AKAP6), and neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3). PWBC expression was detectable only for the following genes with multi-organ or with multi-function properties: NPAS3, MARCH6, MYO10 and FBXL7. Strong evidence of cis-effects on the expression of MYO10 in PWBC was found with SNPs clustered near the gene's transcription start site. MYO10 expression in PWBC was marginally correlated with body composition (p = 0.065) and adipokine levels in the periphery (p = 0.064). Variants of genes AKAP6, NPAS3, MARCH6 and FBXL7 have been previously reported to be associated with insulin resistance, inflammatory markers or adiposity studies using genome-wide approaches whereas associations of CDH18 and MYO10 with MetS traits have not been reported before. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin QTLs-based SNP association and mRNA expression identified genes that could mediate the association between MetS and cancer or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Omar Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diana Cerjak
- TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reham M Abdou
- TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David L Rainwater
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed H Kissebah
- TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Yamaoka M, Maeda N, Nakamura S, Mori T, Inoue K, Matsuda K, Sekimoto R, Kashine S, Nakagawa Y, Tsushima Y, Fujishima Y, Komura N, Hirata A, Nishizawa H, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara KI, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Gene expression levels of S100 protein family in blood cells are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation (Peripheral blood S100 mRNAs and metabolic syndrome). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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