1
|
Sturmlechner I, Jain A, Mu Y, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. T cell fate decisions during memory cell generation with aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101800. [PMID: 37494738 PMCID: PMC10528238 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The defense against infectious diseases, either through natural immunity or after vaccinations, relies on the generation and maintenance of protective T cell memory. Naïve T cells are at the center of memory T cell generation during primary responses. Upon activation, they undergo a complex, highly regulated differentiation process towards different functional states. Naïve T cells maintained into older age have undergone epigenetic adaptations that influence their fate decisions during differentiation. We review age-sensitive, molecular pathways and gene regulatory networks that bias naïve T cell differentiation towards effector cell generation at the expense of memory and Tfh cells. As a result, T cell differentiation in older adults is associated with release of bioactive waste products into the microenvironment, higher stress sensitivity as well as skewing towards pro-inflammatory signatures and shorter life spans. These maladaptations not only contribute to poor vaccine responses in older adults but also fuel a more inflammatory state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunmei Mu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen QY, Li YN, Wang XY, Zhang X, Hu Y, Li L, Suo DQ, Ni K, Li Z, Zhan JR, Zeng TT, Zhu YH, Li Y, Ma LJ, Guan XY. Tumor Fibroblast-Derived FGF2 Regulates Expression of SPRY1 in Esophageal Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Plays a Role in T-cell Exhaustion. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5583-5596. [PMID: 33093168 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion was initially identified in chronic infection in mice and was subsequently described in humans with cancer. Although the distinct signature of exhausted T (TEX) cells in cancer has been well investigated, the molecular mechanism of T-cell exhaustion in cancer is not fully understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we report here that TEX cells in esophageal cancer are more heterogeneous than previously clarified. Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1 (SPRY1) was notably enriched in two subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells. When overexpressed, SPRY1 impaired T-cell activation by interacting with CBL, a negative regulator of ZAP-70 tyrosine phosphorylation. Data from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource revealed a strong correlation between FGF2 and SPRY1 expression in esophageal cancer. High expression of FGF2 was evident in fibroblasts from esophageal cancer tissue and correlated with poor overall survival. In vitro administration of FGF2 significantly upregulated expression of SPRY1 in CD8+ T cells and attenuated T-cell receptor-triggered CD8+ T-cell activation. A mouse tumor model confirmed that overexpression of FGF2 in fibroblasts significantly upregulated SPRY1 expression in TEX cells, impaired T-cell cytotoxic activity, and promoted tumor growth. Thus, these findings identify FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells in esophageal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells and suggest that inhibition of FGF2 has potential clinical value in ESCC. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5583/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ni Li
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Da-Qin Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ni
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jia Ma
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Inhibitory Effects of Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus on Cell Survival and Immune Function in Spleen of Commercial Layer Chicks. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091003. [PMID: 32859030 PMCID: PMC7565929 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major infectious disease in chickens, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to effective vaccination. Therefore, enhancing resistance to the virus in commercial chickens through breeding is a promising way to promote poultry production. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes at 2 and 6 days post inoculation (dpi) at day 21 with a lentogenic NDV in a commercial egg-laying chicken hybrid using RNA sequencing analysis. By comparing NDV-challenged and non-challenged groups, 526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) were identified at 2 dpi, and only 36 at 6 dpi. For the DEGs at 2 dpi, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted inhibition of multiple signaling pathways in response to NDV that regulate immune cell development and activity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. Up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5) in response to NDV was consistent between the current and most previous studies. Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1 (SPRY1), a DEG in the current study, is in a significant quantitative trait locus associated with virus load at 6 dpi in the same population. These identified pathways and DEGs provide potential targets to further study breeding strategy to enhance NDV resistance in chickens.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham TN, Spaulding C, Munshi HG. Controlling TIME: How MNK Kinases Function to Shape Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082096. [PMID: 32731503 PMCID: PMC7465005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have clearly established the oncogenic role for MAPK-interacting protein kinases (MNK) in human malignancies. Modulation of MNK activity affects translation of mRNAs involved in cancer development, progression, and resistance to therapies. As a result, there are ongoing efforts to develop and evaluate MNK inhibitors for cancer treatment. However, it is important to recognize that MNK activity also plays an important role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. A better understanding of the role of MNK kinases and MNK-mediated signals in regulating the immune system could help mitigate undesired side effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy of MNK inhibitors. Here, we provide a systematic review on the function of MNK kinases and their substrates in immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao N.D. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.D.P.); (H.G.M.); Tel.: +312-503-0312 (T.N.D.P.); +312-503-2301 (H.G.M.)
| | - Christina Spaulding
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.D.P.); (H.G.M.); Tel.: +312-503-0312 (T.N.D.P.); +312-503-2301 (H.G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Workel HH, van Rooij N, Plat A, Spierings DC, Fehrmann RSN, Nijman HW, de Bruyn M. Transcriptional Activity and Stability of CD39+CD103+CD8+ T Cells in Human High-Grade Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3770. [PMID: 32471032 PMCID: PMC7312498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (TIL) are of the utmost importance in anti-tumor immunity. CD103 defines tumor-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) associated with improved survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) across human tumors. Co-expression of CD39 and CD103 marks tumor-specific TRM with enhanced cytolytic potential, suggesting that CD39+CD103+ TRM could be a suitable biomarker for immunotherapy. However, little is known about the transcriptional activity of TRM cells in situ. We analyzed CD39+CD103+ TRM cells sorted from human high-grade endometrial cancers (n = 3) using mRNA sequencing. Cells remained untreated or were incubated with PMA/ionomycin (activation), actinomycin D (a platinum-like chemotherapeutic that inhibits transcription), or a combination of the two. Resting CD39+CD103+ TRM cells were transcriptionally active and expressed a characteristic TRM signature. Activated CD39+CD103+ TRM cells differentially expressed PLEK, TWNK, and FOS, and cytokine genes IFNG, TNF, IL2, CSF2 (GM-CSF), and IL21. Findings were confirmed using qPCR and cytokine production was validated by flow cytometry of cytotoxic TIL. We studied transcript stability and found that PMA-responsive genes and mitochondrial genes were particularly stable. In conclusion, CD39+CD103+ TRM cells are transcriptionally active TRM cells with a polyfunctional, reactivation-responsive repertoire. Secondly, we hypothesize that differential regulation of transcript stability potentiates rapid responses upon TRM reactivation in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagma H. Workel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.H.W.); (N.v.R.); (A.P.); (H.W.N.)
| | - Nienke van Rooij
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.H.W.); (N.v.R.); (A.P.); (H.W.N.)
| | - Annechien Plat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.H.W.); (N.v.R.); (A.P.); (H.W.N.)
| | - Diana C.J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.H.W.); (N.v.R.); (A.P.); (H.W.N.)
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.H.W.); (N.v.R.); (A.P.); (H.W.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim C, Hu B, Jadhav RR, Jin J, Zhang H, Cavanagh MM, Akondy RS, Ahmed R, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Activation of miR-21-Regulated Pathways in Immune Aging Selects against Signatures Characteristic of Memory T Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2148-2162.e5. [PMID: 30463012 PMCID: PMC6371971 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of protective vaccine responses, governed by the successful generation of antigen-specific anti-bodies and long-lived memory T cells, is increasingly impaired with age. Regulation of the T cell proteome by a dynamic network of microRNAs is crucial to T cell responses. Here, we show that activation-induced upregulation of miR-21 biases the transcrip-tome of differentiating T cells away from memory T cells and toward inflammatory effector T cells. Such a transcriptome bias is also characteristic of T cell responses in older individuals who have increased miR-21 expression and is reversed by antagonizing miR-21. miR-21 targets negative feedback circuits in several signaling pathways. The concerted, sustained activity of these signaling path-ways in miR-21high T cells disfavors the induction of transcription factor networks involved in memory cell differentiation. Our data suggest that curbing miR-21 upregulation or activity in older individuals may improve their ability to mount effective vaccine responses. A hallmark of the aging immune system is its failure to induce long-lived memory. Kim et al. report that increased expression of miR-21 in naive T cells from older individuals sustains signaling in the MAPK and AKT-mTORC pathways, disfavoring induction of transcription factor networks involved in memory cell generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jun Jin
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mary M Cavanagh
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rama S Akondy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clarke J, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Singh D, Gujar R, Wood O, Chee SJ, Eschweiler S, King EV, Awad AS, Hanley CJ, McCann KJ, Bhattacharyya S, Woo E, Alzetani A, Seumois G, Thomas GJ, Ganesan AP, Friedmann PS, Sanchez-Elsner T, Ay F, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tissue-resident memory T cells in human lung cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2128-2149. [PMID: 31227543 PMCID: PMC6719422 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High numbers of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with better clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the molecular characteristics that drive their efficient immune response to tumors are poorly understood. Here, single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of TRM and non-TRM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1-expressing TRM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1-expressing non-TRM cells. This feature was more prominent in the TRM cell subset coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3, and it was validated by functional assays ex vivo and also reflected in their chromatin accessibility profile. This PD-1+TIM-3+ TRM cell subset was enriched in responders to PD-1 inhibitors and in tumors with a greater magnitude of CTL responses. These data highlight that not all CTLs expressing PD-1 are dysfunctional; on the contrary, TRM cells with PD-1 expression were enriched for features suggestive of superior functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Divya Singh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Oliver Wood
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Emma V King
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Amiera S Awad
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Hanley
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katy J McCann
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gareth J Thomas
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lack of Sprouty 1 and 2 enhances survival of effector CD8 + T cells and yields more protective memory cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8939-E8947. [PMID: 30126987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808320115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel pathways that promote robust function and longevity of cytotoxic T cells has promising potential for immunotherapeutic strategies to combat cancer and chronic infections. We show that sprouty 1 and 2 (Spry1/2) molecules regulate the survival and function of memory CD8+ T cells. Spry1/2 double-knockout (DKO) ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD8+ T cells (OT-I cells) mounted more vigorous autoimmune diabetes than WT OT-I cells when transferred to mice expressing OVA in their pancreatic β-islets. To determine the consequence of Spry1/2 deletion on effector and memory CD8+ T cell development and function, we used systemic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong. Spry1/2 DKO LCMV gp33-specific P14 CD8+ T cells survive contraction better than WT cells and generate significantly more polyfunctional memory T cells. The larger number of Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells displayed enhanced infiltration into infected tissue, demonstrating that absence of Spry1/2 can result in increased recall capacity. Upon adoptive transfer into naive hosts, Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells controlled Listeria monocytogenes infection better than WT cells. The enhanced formation of more functional Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells was associated with significantly reduced mTORC1 activity and glucose uptake. Reduced p-AKT, p-FoxO1/3a, and T-bet expression was also consistent with enhanced survival and memory accrual. Collectively, loss of Spry1/2 enhances the survival of effector CD8+ T cells and results in the formation of more protective memory cells. Deleting Spry1/2 in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells may have therapeutic potential for enhancing the survival and functionality of effector and memory CD8+ T cells in vivo.
Collapse
|
9
|
Buchan SL, Fallatah M, Thirdborough SM, Taraban VY, Rogel A, Thomas LJ, Penfold CA, He LZ, Curran MA, Keler T, Al-Shamkhani A. PD-1 Blockade and CD27 Stimulation Activate Distinct Transcriptional Programs That Synergize for CD8 + T-Cell-Driven Antitumor Immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2383-2394. [PMID: 29514845 PMCID: PMC5959006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: PD-1 checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy, yet the frequency of responding patients is limited by inadequate T-cell priming secondary to a paucity of activatory dendritic cells (DC). DC signals can be bypassed by CD27 agonists, and we therefore investigated if the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/L1 could be improved by combining with agonist anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).Experimental Design: The efficacy of PD-1/L1 blockade or agonist anti-CD27 mAb was compared with a dual-therapy approach in multiple tumor models. Global transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry analysis were used to delineate mechanisms underpinning the observed synergy.Results: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and agonist anti-CD27 mAb synergize for increased CD8+ T-cell expansion and effector function, exemplified by enhanced IFNγ, TNFα, granzyme B, and T-bet. Transcriptome analysis of CD8+ T cells revealed that combination therapy triggered a convergent program largely driven by IL2 and Myc. However, division of labor was also apparent such that anti-PD-1/L1 activates a cytotoxicity-gene expression program whereas anti-CD27 preferentially augments proliferation. In tumor models, either dependent on endogenous CD8+ T cells or adoptive transfer of transgenic T cells, anti-CD27 mAb synergized with PD-1/L1 blockade for antitumor immunity. Finally, we show that a clinically relevant anti-human CD27 mAb, varlilumab, similarly synergizes with PD-L1 blockade for protection against lymphoma in human-CD27 transgenic mice.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that suboptimal T-cell invigoration in cancer patients undergoing treatment with PD-1 checkpoint blockers will be improved by dual PD-1 blockade and CD27 agonism and provide mechanistic insight into how these approaches cooperate for CD8+ T-cell activation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2383-94. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Buchan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mohannad Fallatah
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vadim Y Taraban
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Rogel
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christine A Penfold
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, New Jersey
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, New Jersey
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petrovas C, Ferrando-Martinez S, Gerner MY, Casazza JP, Pegu A, Deleage C, Cooper A, Hataye J, Andrews S, Ambrozak D, Del Río Estrada PM, Boritz E, Paris R, Moysi E, Boswell KL, Ruiz-Mateos E, Vagios I, Leal M, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Rivero A, Gonzalez-Hernandez LA, McDermott AB, Moir S, Reyes-Terán G, Docobo F, Pantaleo G, Douek DC, Betts MR, Estes JD, Germain RN, Mascola JR, Koup RA. Follicular CD8 T cells accumulate in HIV infection and can kill infected cells in vitro via bispecific antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaag2285. [PMID: 28100833 PMCID: PMC5497679 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8 T cells play a crucial role in the control and elimination of virus-infected cells and are a major focus of HIV cure efforts. However, it has been shown that HIV-specific CD8 T cells are infrequently found within germinal centers (GCs), a predominant site of active and latent HIV infection. We demonstrate that HIV infection induces marked changes in the phenotype, frequency, and localization of CD8 T cells within the lymph node (LN). Significantly increased frequencies of CD8 T cells in the B cell follicles and GCs were found in LNs from treated and untreated HIV-infected individuals. This profile was associated with persistent local immune activation but did not appear to be directly related to local viral replication. Follicular CD8 (fCD8) T cells, despite compromised cytokine polyfunctionality, showed good cytolytic potential characterized by high ex vivo expression of granzyme B and perforin. We used an anti-HIV/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody in a redirected killing assay and found that fCD8 T cells had better killing activity than did non-fCD8 T cells. Our results indicate that CD8 T cells with potent cytolytic activity are recruited to GCs during HIV infection and, if appropriately redirected to kill HIV-infected cells, could be an effective component of an HIV cure strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Petrovas
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sara Ferrando-Martinez
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Y Gerner
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Lymphocyte Biology Section, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph P Casazza
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, BG 535, Post Office Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Arik Cooper
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Hataye
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Andrews
- Immunology Core Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Perla M Del Río Estrada
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eli Boritz
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Paris
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Eirini Moysi
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Ilias Vagios
- Department of Histopathology, Venizeleio Hospital, Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amaranta Rivero
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Alicia Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Immunology Core Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Docobo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Center for AIDS Research, and Institute for Immunology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, BG 535, Post Office Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Lymphocyte Biology Section, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiu YL, Shan L, Huang H, Haupt C, Bessell C, Canaday DH, Zhang H, Ho YC, Powell JD, Oelke M, Margolick JB, Blankson JN, Griffin DE, Schneck JP. Sprouty-2 regulates HIV-specific T cell polyfunctionality. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:198-208. [PMID: 24292711 DOI: 10.1172/jci70510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of individual T cells to perform multiple effector functions is crucial for protective immunity against viruses and cancer. This polyfunctionality is frequently lost during chronic infections; however, the molecular mechanisms driving T cell polyfunctionality are poorly understood. We found that human T cells stimulated by a high concentration of antigen lacked polyfunctionality and expressed a transcription profile similar to that of exhausted T cells. One specific pathway implicated by the transcription profile in control of T cell polyfunctionality was the MAPK/ERK pathway. This pathway was altered in response to different antigen concentrations, and polyfunctionality correlated with upregulation of phosphorylated ERK. T cells that were stimulated with a high concentration of antigen upregulated sprouty-2 (SPRY2), a negative regulator of the MAPK/ERK pathway. The clinical relevance of SPRY2 was confirmed by examining SPRY2 expression in HIV-specific T cells, where high levels of SPRY2 were seen in HIV-specific T cells and inhibition of SPRY2 expression enhanced the HIV-specific polyfunctional response independently of the PD-1 pathway. Our findings indicate that increased SPRY2 expression during chronic viral infection reduces T cell polyfunctionality and identify SPRY2 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang F, Shangguan AJ, Kelly K, Wei J, Gruner K, Ye B, Wang W, Bhattacharyya S, Hinchcliff ME, Tourtellotte WG, Varga J. Early growth response 3 (Egr-3) is induced by transforming growth factor-β and regulates fibrogenic responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1197-1208. [PMID: 23906810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the early growth response (Egr) gene family of transcription factors have nonredundant biological functions. Although Egr-3 is implicated primarily in neuromuscular development and immunity, its regulation and role in tissue repair and fibrosis has not been studied. We now show that in normal skin fibroblasts, Egr-3 was potently induced by transforming growth factor-β via canonical Smad3. Moreover, transient Egr-3 overexpression was sufficient to stimulate fibrotic gene expression, whereas deletion of Egr-3 resulted in substantially attenuated transforming growth factor-β responses. Genome-wide expression profiling in fibroblasts showed that genes associated with tissue remodeling and wound healing were prominently up-regulated by Egr-3. Notably, <5% of fibroblast genes regulated by Egr-1 or Egr-2 were found to be coregulated by Egr-3, revealing substantial functional divergence among these Egr family members. In a mouse model of scleroderma, development of dermal fibrosis was accompanied by accumulation of Egr-3-positive myofibroblasts in the lesional tissue. Moreover, skin biopsy samples from patients with scleroderma showed elevated Egr-3 levels in the dermis, and Egr-3 mRNA levels correlated with the extent of skin involvement. These results provide the first evidence that Egr-3, a functionally distinct member of the Egr family with potent effects on inflammation and immunity, is up-regulated in scleroderma and is necessary and sufficient for profibrotic responses, suggesting important and distinct roles in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna J Shangguan
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katherine Gruner
- Department of Pathology and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Boping Ye
- College of Life and Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Swati Bhattacharyya
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monique E Hinchcliff
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|