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Li J, Jiang N, Zheng H, Zheng X, Xu Y, Weng Y, Jiang F, Wang C, Chang P. Investigation of gut microbiota disorders in norovirus infected children patients based on 16s rRNA sequencing. Ann Med 2024; 56:2412834. [PMID: 39387550 PMCID: PMC11469441 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2412834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic viral gastroenteritis cases and outbreaks. Gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the composition and functional effects of gut microbiota in children infected with norovirus. METHODS Stool samples were collected from 31 children infected with norovirus and 25 healthy children. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by composition, correlation network, functional and phenotype prediction analyses. RESULTS Gut microbiota in children infected with norovirus was characterized by lower species richness and diversity. Veillonella is the dominant gut microbiota specie in norovirus infection. Blautia was significantly lower in norovirus infection. There was a positive correlation between Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Fusicatenibacter, Agathobacter, Roseburia and Dorea. Functionally, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, selenocysteine lyase and peroxiredoxin were the most significantly higher functional compositions of gut microbiota in norovirus infection. However, sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and fermentation were the most significantly lower functional compositions in norovirus infection group. Phenotype analysis showed that Contains_Mobile_Elements had the highest level of phenotypes in the gut microbiota of norovirus infection. CONCLUSION Norovirus infection may lead to dysregulation of the gut microbiome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Medical and Chemical Testing Center, Taizhou Institute of Measurement Technology, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School Office, Dongshan Central Primary School, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqing Weng
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feijian Jiang
- Supervision Section No. 1, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Inspection Section, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiliang Chang
- Supervision Section No. 4, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
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Xiao J, Chen C, Fu Z, Wang S, Luo F. Assessment of the Safety and Probiotic Properties of Enterococcus faecium B13 Isolated from Fermented Chili. Microorganisms 2024; 12:994. [PMID: 38792822 PMCID: PMC11123876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium B13, selected from fermentation chili, has been proven to promote animal growth by previous studies, but it belongs to opportunistic pathogens, so a comprehensive evaluation of its probiotic properties and safety is necessary. In this study, the probiotic properties and safety of B13 were evaluated at the genetic and phenotype levels in vitro and then confirmed in vivo. The genome of B13 contains one chromosome and two plasmids. The average nucleotide identity indicated that B13 was most closely related to the fermentation-plant-derived strain. The strain does not carry the major virulence genes of the clinical E. faecium strains but contains aac(6')-Ii, ant (6)-Ia, msrC genes. The strain had a higher tolerance to acid at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 0.3% bile salt and a 32.83% free radical DPPH clearance rate. It can adhere to Caco-2 cells and reduce the adhesion of E. coli to Caco-2 cells. The safety assessment revealed that the strain showed no hemolysis and did not exhibit gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, or tryptophanase activity. It was sensitive to twelve antibiotics but was resistant to erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. Experiments in vivo have shown that B13 can be located in the ileum and colon and has no adverse effects on experiment animals. After 28 days of feeding, B13 did not remarkable change the α-diversity of the gut flora or increase the virulence genes. Our study demonstrated that E. faecium B13 may be used as a probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Xiao
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Cai Chen
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zhuxian Fu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (C.C.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fan Luo
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Zhang L, Zhou E, Liu C, Tian X, Xue B, Zhang K, Luo B. Avian influenza and gut microbiome in poultry and humans: A "One Health" perspective. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:455-462. [PMID: 38933214 PMCID: PMC11197557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A gradual increase in avian influenza outbreaks has been found in recent years. It is highly possible to trigger the next human pandemic due to the characteristics of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in avian influenza virus (AIV). Although great improvements in understanding influenza viruses and the associated diseases have been unraveled, our knowledge of how these viruses impact the gut microbiome of both poultry and humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is still improving. The "One Health" approach shows better vitality in monitoring and mitigating the risk of avian influenza, which requires a multi-sectoral effort and highlights the interconnection of human health with environmental sustainability and animal health. Therefore, monitoring the gut microbiome may serve as a sentinel for protecting the common health of the environment, animals, and humans. This review summarizes the interactions between AIV infection and the gut microbiome of poultry and humans and their potential mechanisms. With the presented suggestions, we hope to address the current major challenges in the surveillance and prevention of microbiome-related avian influenza with the "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China
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Ansari F, Lee CC, Rashidimehr A, Eskandari S, Ashaolu TJ, Mirzakhani E, Pourjafar H, Jafari SM. The Role of Probiotics in Improving Food Safety: Inactivation of Pathogens and Biological Toxins. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:962-980. [PMID: 37264621 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230601141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many advances have been made in avoiding food contamination by numerous pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms. Many studies have shown that different probiotics, in addition to having beneficial effects on the host's health, have a very good ability to eliminate and neutralize pathogens and their toxins in foods which leads to enhanced food safety. The present review purposes to comprehensively discuss the role of probiotics in improving food safety by inactivating pathogens (bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasite agents) and neutralizing their toxins in food products. Some recent examples in terms of the anti-microbial activities of probiotics in the body after consuming contaminated food have also been mentioned. This review shows that different probiotics have the potential to inactivate pathogens and neutralize and detoxify various biological agents in foods, as well as in the host body after consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ansari
- Department of Agricultural Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran. Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey
| | - Azadeh Rashidimehr
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Soheyl Eskandari
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH+ME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Atto B, Anteneh Y, Bialasiewicz S, Binks MJ, Hashemi M, Hill J, Thornton RB, Westaway J, Marsh RL. The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 38202177 PMCID: PMC10779485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various 'omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB-bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut-lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Atto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Yitayal Anteneh
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jane Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Spire Health Technology, PBC, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth B. Thornton
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob Westaway
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
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Farahmandi F, Parhizgar P, Mozafari Komesh Tape P, Bizhannia F, Rohani FS, Bizhanzadeh M, Mostafavi Alhosseini ZS, Hosseinzade M, Farsi Y, Nasiri MJ. Implications and Mechanisms of Antiviral Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Systematic Review. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:9298363. [PMID: 38144900 PMCID: PMC10748726 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9298363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the most important strains of probiotics. Some are normal flora of human mucous membranes in the gastrointestinal system, skin, urinary tract, and genitalia. There is evidence suggesting that LAB has an antiviral effect on viral infections. However, these studies are still controversial; a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the antiviral effects of LAB on viral infections. Methods The systematic search was conducted until the end of December 17, 2022, using international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline (via PubMed). The keywords of our search were lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus (as well as its species), probiotics, antiviral, inhibitory effect, and virus. Results Of 15.408 potentially relevant articles obtained, 45 eligible in-vivo human studies were selected for inclusion in the study from databases, registers, and citation searching. We conducted a systematic review of the antiviral effects of the LAB based on the included articles. The most commonly investigated lactobacillus specie were Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei. Conclusion Our study indicates that 40 of the selected 45 of the included articles support the positive effect of LAB on viral infections, although some studies showed no significant positive effect of LABs on some viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fargol Farahmandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parynaz Parhizgar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Mozafari Komesh Tape
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bizhannia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Rohani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bizhanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maede Hosseinzade
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Farsi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Spacova I, De Boeck I, Cauwenberghs E, Delanghe L, Bron PA, Henkens T, Simons A, Gamgami I, Persoons L, Claes I, van den Broek MFL, Schols D, Delputte P, Coenen S, Verhoeven V, Lebeer S. Development of a live biotherapeutic throat spray with lactobacilli targeting respiratory viral infections. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:99-115. [PMID: 36468246 PMCID: PMC9803329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses such as influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronaviruses initiate infection at the mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract (URT), where the resident respiratory microbiome has an important gatekeeper function. In contrast to gut-targeting administration of beneficial bacteria against respiratory viral disease, topical URT administration of probiotics is currently underexplored, especially for the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections. Here, we report the formulation of a throat spray with live lactobacilli exhibiting several in vitro mechanisms of action against respiratory viral infections, including induction of interferon regulatory pathways and direct inhibition of respiratory viruses. Rational selection of Lactobacillaceae strains was based on previously documented beneficial properties, up-scaling and industrial production characteristics, clinical safety parameters, and potential antiviral and immunostimulatory efficacy in the URT demonstrated in this study. Using a three-step selection strategy, three strains were selected and further tested in vitro antiviral assays and in formulations: Lacticaseibacillus casei AMBR2 as a promising endogenous candidate URT probiotic with previously reported barrier-enhancing and anti-pathogenic properties and the two well-studied model strains Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 that display immunomodulatory capacities. The three strains and their combination significantly reduced the cytopathogenic effects of RSV, influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses, and HCoV-229E coronavirus in co-culture models with bacteria, virus, and host cells. Subsequently, these strains were formulated in a throat spray and human monocytes were employed to confirm the formulation process did not reduce the interferon regulatory pathway-inducing capacity. Administration of the throat spray in healthy volunteers revealed that the lactobacilli were capable of temporary colonization of the throat in a metabolically active form. Thus, the developed spray with live lactobacilli will be further explored in the clinic as a potential broad-acting live biotherapeutic strategy against respiratory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Eline Cauwenberghs
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Lize Delanghe
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Peter A. Bron
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Leentje Persoons
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Marianne F. L. van den Broek
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Veronique Verhoeven
- Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Xu W, Zou K, Zhan Y, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Tao X, Qiu L, Wei H. Enterococcus faecium GEFA01 alleviates hypercholesterolemia by promoting reverse cholesterol transportation via modulating the gut microbiota-SCFA axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1020734. [PMID: 36424921 PMCID: PMC9678928 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1020734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify cholesterol-lowering commensal strains from healthy lean individuals and to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering capacity of Enterococcus faecium GEFA01 in mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. E. faecium GEFA01 was isolated from the feces of a healthy lean individual in a selective basal salt medium supplemented with cholesterol. E. faecium GEFA01 exhibited a cholesterol removal rate (CRR) of 46.13% by coprecipitation, assimilation, and degradation of cholesterol. Moreover, E. faecium GEFA01 significantly decreased the body weight of mice and the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hepatic TC, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the HCD group. We also observed that E. faecium GEFA01 significantly downregulated the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), Srebp-1c, Fxr, Shp, and Fgf 15, upregulated the gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr), Abcg5/8, Abca1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), and Lxr in the liver of mice in relative to the HCD group, markedly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Roseburia, and decreased the abundance of Helicobacter in the feces. Collectively, we confirmed that E. faecium GEFA01 exhibited cholesterol-lowering effects in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, which was achieved through assimilation, coprecipitation, and degradation of cholesterol, and through modulation of the gut microbiota short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) axis that promoted reverse cholesterol transport and bile acid excretion. Our study demonstrated that E. faecium GEFA01 may be used as a probiotic candidate to lower cholesterol levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaixiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunjie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wahab S, Almaghaslah D, Mahmood SE, Ahmad MF, Alsayegh AA, Abu Haddash YM, Rahman MA, Ahamd I, Ahmad W, Khalid M, Usmani S, Ahmad MP, Hani U. Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1292. [PMID: 36013241 PMCID: PMC9409792 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity from influenza and other respiratory viruses are significant causes of concern worldwide. Infections in the respiratory tract are often underappreciated because they tend to be mild and incapacitated. On the other hand, these infections are regarded as a common concern in clinical practice. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, albeit this is becoming more challenging since many of the more prevalent infection causes have acquired a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance to frontline treatment medications is constantly rising, necessitating the development of new antiviral agents. Probiotics are one of several medications explored to treat respiratory viral infection (RVI). As a result, certain probiotics effectively prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and decrease the likelihood of secondary infections. Various probiotic bacterias and their metabolites have shown immunomodulating and antiviral properties. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which probiotics are effective in the fight against viral infections are sometimes unclear. This comprehensive review has addressed probiotic strains, dosage regimens, production procedures, delivery systems, and pre-clinical and clinical research. In particular, novel probiotics' fight against RVIs is the impetus for this study. Finally, this review may explore the potential of probiotic bacterias and their metabolites to treat RVIs. It is expected that probiotic-based antiviral research would be benefitted from this review's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Esam Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M. Abu Haddash
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahamd
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Usmani
- Herbal Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Parwez Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Maldives National University, Male 20402, Maldives
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Umair M, Jabbar S, Zhaoxin L, Jianhao Z, Abid M, Khan KUR, Korma SA, Alghamdi MA, El-Saadony MT, Abd El-Hack ME, Cacciotti I, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Zhao L. Probiotic-Based Bacteriocin: Immunity Supplementation Against Viruses. An Updated Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876058. [PMID: 36033850 PMCID: PMC9402254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a major cause of severe, fatal diseases worldwide. Recently, these infections have increased due to demanding contextual circumstances, such as environmental changes, increased migration of people and product distribution, rapid demographic changes, and outbreaks of novel viruses, including the COVID-19 outbreak. Internal variables that influence viral immunity have received attention along with these external causes to avert such novel viral outbreaks. The gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM), particularly the present probiotics, plays a vital role in the host immune system by mediating host protective immunity and acting as an immune regulator. Bacteriocins possess numerous health benefits and exhibit antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens and immunobiotics, thereby inhibiting viral infections. Moreover, disrupting the homeostasis of the GIM/host immune system negatively affects viral immunity. The interactions between bacteriocins and infectious viruses, particularly in COVID-19, through improved host immunity and physiology are complex and have not yet been studied, although several studies have proven that bacteriocins influence the outcomes of viral infections. However, the complex transmission to the affected sites and siRNA defense against nuclease digestion lead to challenging clinical trials. Additionally, bacteriocins are well known for their biofunctional properties and underlying mechanisms in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. However, few studies have shown the role of probiotics-derived bacteriocin against viral infections. Thus, based on the results of the previous studies, this review lays out a road map for future studies on bacteriocins for treating viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science Research Institute (FSRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lu Zhaoxin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Jianhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-Ur R. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mashail A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, Rome, Italy
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Wang Y, Moon A, Huang J, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Antiviral Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Probiotics as Promising Antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928050. [PMID: 35734576 PMCID: PMC9207339 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and regulating immune responses. Due to the beneficial effects of probiotics, a wide range of probiotics have been developed as probiotic agents for animal and human health. Viral diseases cause serious economic losses to the livestock every year and remain a great challenge for animals. Moreover, strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are limited. Viruses enter the host through the skin and mucosal surface, in which are colonized by hundreds of millions of microorganisms. The antiviral effects of probiotics have been proved, including modulation of chemical, microbial, physical, and immune barriers through various probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. It is of great significance yet far from enough to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. The major interest of this review is to discuss the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics and to provide targets for the development of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
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12
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Mizutani T, Ishizaka A, Koga M, Tsutsumi T, Yotsuyanagi H. Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression. Viruses 2022; 14:950. [PMID: 35632692 PMCID: PMC9144409 DOI: 10.3390/v14050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding the target tissue, and the correlation between the type and balance of commensal microbiota is the key to establishment of the infection and pathogenicity. Some commensal microorganisms are known to resist or promote viral infection, while others are involved in pathogenicity. It is also becoming evident that the profile of the commensal microbiota under normal conditions influences the progression of viral diseases. Thus, to understand the pathogenesis underlying viral infections, it is important to elucidate the interactions among viruses, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline the role of microorganisms in viral infections. Particularly, we focus on gaining an in-depth understanding of the correlations among viral infections, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota and the gut virome, and discussing the impact of changes in the microbiota (dysbiosis) on the pathological progression of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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13
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Elekhnawy E, Negm WA. The potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:36. [PMID: 37521835 PMCID: PMC8947857 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the severe infection, poor prognosis, and the low number of available effective drugs, potential prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19 need to be urgently developed. Main body Herein, we present and discuss the possible protective and therapeutic mechanisms of human microbiota and probiotics based on the previous and recent findings. Microbiota and probiotics consist of mixed cultures of living microorganisms that can positively affect human health through their antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effect. In the current study, we address the promising advantages of microbiota and probiotics in decreasing the risk of COVID-19. Conclusions Thus, we recommend further studies be conducted for assessing and evaluating the capability of these microbes in the battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Medical Campus, Tanta, 31111 Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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14
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Costantini PE, Vanpouille C, Firrincieli A, Cappelletti M, Margolis L, Ñahui Palomino RA. Extracellular Vesicles Generated by Gram-Positive Bacteria Protect Human Tissues Ex Vivo From HIV-1 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:822882. [PMID: 35145925 PMCID: PMC8821821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.822882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli protects women from sexually transmitted infection, in particular HIV-1. This protection is, in part, mediated by Lactobacillus-released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we investigated whether EVs derived from other Gram-positive bacteria also present in healthy vaginas, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis, can affect vaginal HIV-1 infection. We found that EVs released by these bacteria protect human cervico-vaginal tissues ex vivo and isolated cells from HIV-1 infection by inhibiting HIV-1-cell receptor interactions. This inhibition was associated with a diminished exposure of viral Env by steric hindrance of gp120 or gp120 modification evidenced by the failure of EV-treated virions to bind to nanoparticle-coupled anti-Env antibodies. Furthermore, we found that protein components associated with EV’s outer surface are critical for EV-mediated protection from HIV-1 infection since treatment of bacteria-released EVs with proteinase K abolished their anti-HIV-1 effect. We identified numerous EV-associated proteins that may be involved in this protection. The identification of EVs with specific proteins that suppress HIV-1 may lead to the development of novel strategies for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E. Costantini
- Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe Vanpouille
- Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Leonid Margolis,
| | - Rogers A. Ñahui Palomino
- Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Aan FJ, Glibetic N, Montoya-Uribe V, Matter ML. COVID-19 and the Microbiome: The Gut-Lung Connection. COMPREHENSIVE GUT MICROBIOTA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8131000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Shi HY, Zhu X, Li WL, Mak JWY, Wong SH, Zhu ST, Guo SL, Chan FKL, Zhang ST, Ng SC. Modulation of gut microbiota protects against viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4151-4174. [PMID: 33852069 PMCID: PMC8044287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies suggest that probiotics have protective effects in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Whether such benefits apply to RTIs of viral origin and mechanisms supporting the effect remain unclear. AIM To determine the role of gut microbiota modulation on clinical and laboratory outcomes of viral RTIs. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Embase and MEDLINE through 20 April 2020 to identify studies reporting the effect of gut microbiota modulation on viral RTIs in clinical studies and animal models. The incidence of viral RTIs, clinical manifestations, viral load and immunological outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS We included 58 studies (9 randomized controlled trials; 49 animal studies). Six of eight clinical trials consisting of 726 patients showed that probiotics administration was associated with a reduced risk of viral RTIs. Most commonly used probiotics were Lactobacillus followed by Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. In animal models, treatment with probiotics before viral challenge had beneficial effects against influenza virus infection by improving infection-induced survival (20/22 studies), mitigating symptoms (21/21 studies) and decreasing viral load (23/25 studies). Probiotics and commensal gut microbiota exerted their beneficial effects through strengthening host immunity. CONCLUSION Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce W Y Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng Tao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shui Long Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Limited, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Limited, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Could Probiotics and Postbiotics Function as "Silver Bullet" in the Post-COVID-19 Era? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1499-1507. [PMID: 34386940 PMCID: PMC8360758 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We are currently experiencing the realities of the most severe pandemic within living memory, with major impacts on the health and economic well-being of our planet. The scientific community has demonstrated an unprecedented mobilization capability, with the rapid development of vaccines and drugs targeting the protection of human life and palliative measures for infected individuals. However, are we adequately prepared for ongoing defense against COVID-19 and its variants in the post-pandemic world? Moreover, are we equipped to provide a satisfactory quality of life for individuals who are recovering from COVID-19 disease? What are the possibilities for the acceleration of the recovery process? Here, we give special consideration to the potential and already-demonstrated role of probiotics and traditional medical approaches to the management of current and potential future encounters with our major virus adversaries.
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18
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Daoust L, Pilon G, Marette A. Perspective: Nutritional Strategies Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate COVID-19 Outcomes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1074-1086. [PMID: 33783468 PMCID: PMC8083677 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a year has passed since the first reported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei Province. Until now, few antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) or drugs that target inflammatory complications associated with SARS-CoV2 infection have been considered safe by public health authorities. By the end of November 2020, this crisis had led to >1 million deaths and revealed the high susceptibility of people with pre-existing comorbidities (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension) to suffer from a severe form of the disease. Elderly people have also been found to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2 infection and morbidity. Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut microbial alterations observed in SARS-CoV2-infected hospitalized patients have raised awareness of the potential role of intestinal mechanisms in increasing the severity of the disease. It is therefore critically important to find alternative or complementary approaches, not only to prevent or treat the disease, but also to reduce its growing societal and economic burden. In this review, we explore potential nutritional strategies that implicate the use of polyphenols, probiotics, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids with a focus on the gut microbiome, and that could lead to concrete recommendations that are easily applicable to both vulnerable people with pre-existing metabolic comorbidities and the elderly, but also to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daoust
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Double-Barrel Shotgun: Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antiviral Properties Modified to Serve as Vaccines. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081565. [PMID: 34442644 PMCID: PMC8401918 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the general belief that the sole function of probiotics is to keep intestinal microbiota in a balanced state and stimulate the host’s immune response, several studies have shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have direct and/or indirect antiviral properties. LAB can stimulate the innate antiviral immune defence system in their host, produce antiviral peptides, and release metabolites that prevent either viral replication or adhesion to cell surfaces. The SARS-CoV (COVID-19) pandemic shifted the world’s interest towards the development of vaccines against viral infections. It is hypothesised that the adherence of SARS-CoV spike proteins to the surface of Bifidobacterium breve could elicit an immune response in its host and trigger the production of antibodies. The question now remains as to whether probiotic LAB could be genetically modified to synthesize viral antigens and serve as vaccines—this concept and the role that LAB play in viral infection are explored in this review.
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20
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Genome Features and In Vitro Activity against Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses of Six Probiotic Strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6662027. [PMID: 34258278 PMCID: PMC8225420 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to analyze the complete genome of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 8 RA 3, Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4, Lactobacillus fermentum 39, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 and to test their activity against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Methods To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the bacterial strains, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and biochemical test systems were used. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Inc. MiSeq platform. To determine the antiviral activity, A/Lipetsk/1V/2018 (H1N1 pdm09) (EPI_ISL_332798) and A/common gull/Saratov/1676/2018 (H5N6) (EPI_ISL_336925) influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 virus strain Australia/VIC01/2020 (GenBank: MT007544.1) were used. Results All studied probiotic bacteria are nonpathogenic for humans and do not contain the determinants of transmission-type antibiotic resistance and integrated plasmids. Resistance to antibiotics of different classes is explained by the presence of molecular efflux pumps of the MatE and MFS families. Cultures of L. fermentum 90 TC 4, L. plantarum 8 RA 3, and B. bifidum 791 showed a pronounced activity against influenza A viruses in MDCK cells. Activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus was demonstrated only by the L. fermentum 90 TC 4 strain in VERO cells. Conclusions The studied probiotic bacteria are safe, have antiviral activity, and are of great importance for the prevention of diseases caused by respiratory viruses that can also infect the human intestine.
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21
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Lee NK, Paik HD. Prophylactic effects of probiotics on respiratory viruses including COVID-19: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:773-781. [PMID: 34054314 PMCID: PMC8142068 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets. The symptoms include dry cough, fever, and fatigue; however, high propagation, mutation, and fatality rates have been reported for SARS-CoV-2. This review investigates the structure of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral mechanisms, preventive strategies, and remedies against it. Effective vaccines have been developed by Pfizer (95% effective), AstraZeneca (90% effective), Moderna (94.5% effective) vaccine, among others. However, herd immunity is also required. Probiotics play a major role in the gut health, and some are known to have therapeutic potential against viral infections. Their modes of antiviral activities include direct interaction with targeted viruses, production of antiviral metabolites, and immunomodulatory effects on the host. Hence, probiotics can be a useful prophylactic against COVID-19, and more studies are required on the effects of probiotics against other viral infections that may occur in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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22
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Mach N, Baranowski E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:583600. [PMID: 34055660 PMCID: PMC8160460 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.583600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Baranowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Xavier Nouvel
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Citti
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Sadiq FA. Is it time for microbiome-based therapies in viral infections? Virus Res 2021; 291:198203. [PMID: 33132161 PMCID: PMC7580679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases related to viruses, as well as bacterial pathogens, abound in all parts of the world, burdening health and economy. Thus, there is a dire need to find new prevention and treatment strategies to improve clinical practices related to viral infections. Human gut contains trillions of bacteria which have regulatory roles in immune development, homeostasis, and body metabolism. Today, it is difficult to find any prominent viral infection that hasn't had any link with the human gut microbiota. In this opinion-based review article, I argued the significance of manipulating human gut microbiota as novel therapeutics through probiotics or FMT in alleviating complexities related to viral infections, and pinpointed bottlenecks involved in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, China.
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Hamida RS, Shami A, Ali MA, Almohawes ZN, Mohammed AE, Bin-Meferij MM. Kefir: A protective dietary supplementation against viral infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110974. [PMID: 33186795 PMCID: PMC7655491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2). Several scholars have tested antiviral drugs and compounds to overcome COVID-19. 'Kefir' is a fermented milk drink similar to a thin yogurt that is made from kefir grains. Kefir and its probiotic contents can modulate the immune system to suppress infections from viruses (e.g., Zika, hepatitis C, influenza, rotaviruses). The antiviral mechanisms of kefir involve enhancement of macrophage production, increasing phagocytosis, boosting production of cluster of differentiation-positive (CD4+), CD8+, immunoglobulin (Ig)G+ and IgA+ B cells, T cells, neutrophils, as well as cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon gamma-γ). Kefir can act as an anti-inflammatory agent by reducing expression of IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and interferon-γ. Hence, kefir might be a significant inhibitor of the 'cytokine storm' that contributes to COVID-19. Here, we review several studies with a particular emphasis on the effect of kefir consumption and their microbial composition against viral infection, as well as discussing the further development of kefir as a protective supplementary dietary against SARS-CoV-2 infection via modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zakiah Nasser Almohawes
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Mullish BH, Marchesi JR, McDonald JA, Pass DA, Masetti G, Michael DR, Plummer S, Jack AA, Davies TS, Hughes TR, Wang D. Probiotics reduce self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in overweight and obese adults: should we be considering probiotics during viral pandemics? Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-9. [PMID: 33764850 PMCID: PMC8007143 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1900997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome manipulation to alter the gut-lung axis may potentially protect humans against respiratory infections, and clinical trials of probiotics show promise in this regard in healthy adults and children. However, comparable studies are lacking in overweight/obese people, who have increased risks in particular of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). This Addendum further analyses our recent placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in overweight/obese people (focused initially on weight loss) to investigate the impact of probiotics upon the occurrence of URTI symptoms. As well as undergoing loss of weight and improvement in certain metabolic parameters, study participants taking probiotics experienced a 27% reduction in URTI symptoms versus control, with those ≥45 years or BMI ≥30 kg/m2 experiencing greater reductions. This symptom reduction is apparent within 2 weeks of probiotic use. Gut microbiome diversity remained stable throughout the study in probiotic-treated participants. Our data provide support for further trials to assess the potential role of probiotics in preventing viral URTI (and possibly also COVID-19), particularly in overweight/obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A.K. McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Giulia Masetti
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, UK
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Daryn R. Michael
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, UK
| | - Sue Plummer
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, UK
| | - Alison A. Jack
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, UK
| | - Thomas S. Davies
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, UK
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties and impart unique sensory characteristics to food products. The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in many food products, thus confers various health benefits to humans when they are frequently consumed in adequate amounts. The advent of functional food or the concept of nutraceuticals objectively places more emphasis on seeking alternatives to limit the use of medications thus promoting the regular consumption of fermented foods. Probiotic use has thus been recommended to fulfill the role of nutraceuticals, as no side effects on human health have been reported. Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can boost and strengthen the human immune system, thereby increasing its resistance against numerous disease conditions. Consumer safety and confidence in dairy and fermented food products and the desire of the food industry to meet the sensory and health needs of consumers, has thus increased the demand for probiotic starter cultures with exceptional performance coupled with health benefiting properties. The potential of probiotic cultures and lactic acid bacteria in many industrial applications including fermented food products generally affects product characteristics and also serves as health-promoting foods for humans. The alleviation of lactose intolerance in many populations globally has been one of the widely accepted health claims attributed to probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, although many diseases have been treated with probiotic lactic acid bacteria and have been proven with scientific and clinical studies. The aim of our review was to present information related to lactic acid bacteria, the new classification and perspectives on industrial applications with a special emphasis on food safety and human health.
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Tiwari SK, Dicks LMT, Popov IV, Karaseva A, Ermakov AM, Suvorov A, Tagg JR, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Probiotics at War Against Viruses: What Is Missing From the Picture? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1877. [PMID: 32973697 PMCID: PMC7468459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our world is now facing a multitude of novel infectious diseases. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, albeit with increasing difficulty as many of the more common causes of infection have now developed broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance. However, there is now an even greater challenge from both old and new viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, and urogenital infections. Reports of viruses resistant to frontline therapeutic drugs are steadily increasing and there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. Although this all makes sense, it seems rather strange that relatively little attention has been given to the antiviral capabilities of probiotics. Over the years, beneficial strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used to treat gastrointestinal, oral, and vaginal infections, and some can also effect a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Some probiotics prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and, by doing so, reduce the risk of developing secondary infections. Other probiotics exhibit anti-tumor and immunomodulating properties, and in some studies, antiviral activities have been reported for probiotic bacteria and/or their metabolites. Unfortunately, the mechanistic basis of the observed beneficial effects of probiotics in countering viral infections is sometimes unclear. Interestingly, in COVID-19 patients, a clear decrease has been observed in cell numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp., both of which are common sources of intestinal probiotics. The present review, specifically motivated by the need to implement effective new counters to SARS-CoV-2, focusses attention on viruses capable of co-infecting humans and other animals and specifically explores the potential of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites to intervene with the process of virus infection. The goal is to help to provide a more informed background for the planning of future probiotic-based antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India,*Correspondence: Santosh Kumar Tiwari,
| | - Leon M. T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Igor V. Popov
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alena Karaseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia,Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Brunswick, NJ, United States
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28
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Honarmand Ebrahimi K. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding proteins expressed by upper respiratory tract bacteria may prevent severe viral infection. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1651-1660. [PMID: 32449939 PMCID: PMC7280584 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global challenge. The virus infects host cells using its spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and has significantly higher infectivity and mortality rates among the aged population. Here, based on bioinformatic analysis, I provide evidence that some members of the upper respiratory tract (URT) commensal bacteria express viral S-protein -binding proteins. Based on this analysis and available data showing a decline in the population of these bacteria in the elderly, I propose that some URT commensal bacteria hamper SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and that a decline in the population of these bacteria contributes to the severity of infection. Further studies should provide a better understanding of the interaction of URT bacteria and SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
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The Microbiota Contributes to the Control of Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Influenza Virus Replication in Ducks. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00289-20. [PMID: 32102887 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00289-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks usually show little or no clinical signs following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. In order to analyze whether the microbiota could contribute to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks, we used a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic treatment to deplete the microbiota before infection with a highly pathogenic H5N9 avian influenza virus. Antibiotic-treated ducks and nontreated control ducks did not show any clinical signs following H5N9 virus infection. We did not detect any significant difference in virus titers neither in the respiratory tract nor in the brain nor spleen. However, we found that antibiotic-treated H5N9 virus-infected ducks had significantly increased intestinal virus excretion at days 3 and 5 postinfection. This was associated with a significantly decreased antiviral immune response in the intestine of antibiotic-treated ducks. Our findings highlight the importance of an intact microbiota for an efficient control of avian influenza virus replication in ducks.IMPORTANCE Ducks are frequently infected with avian influenza viruses belonging to multiple subtypes. They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to the prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir.
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30
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Liu YS, Liu Q, Jiang YL, Yang WT, Huang HB, Shi CW, Yang GL, Wang CF. Surface-Displayed Porcine IFN-λ3 in Lactobacillus plantarum Inhibits Porcine Enteric Coronavirus Infection of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:515-525. [PMID: 31838830 PMCID: PMC9728374 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λ plays an essential role in mucosal cells which exhibit strong antiviral activity. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) has substantial application potential in the food and medical industries because of its probiotic properties. Alphacoronaviruses, especially porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), cause high morbidity and mortality in piglets resulting in economic loss. Co-infection by these two viruses is becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a new drug to prevent diarrhea infected with mixed viruses in piglets. In this study, we first constructed an anchored expression vector with CWA (C-terminal cell wall anchor) on L. plantarum. Second, we constructed two recombinant L. plantarum strains that anchored IFN-λ3 via pgsA (N-terminal transmembrane anchor) and CWA. Third, we demonstrated that both recombinant strains possess strong antiviral effects against coronavirus infection in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2). However, recombinant L. plantarum with the CWA anchor exhibited a more powerful antiviral effect than recombinant L. plantarum with pgsA. Consistent with this finding, Lb.plantarum-pSIP-409-IFN-λ3-CWA enhanced the expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (ISG15, OASL, and Mx1) in IPEC-J2 cells more than did recombinant Lb.plantarum-pSIP-409-pgsA'-IFN-λ3. Our study verifies that recombinant L. plantarum inhibits PEDV and TGEV infection in IPEC-J2 cells, which may offer great potential for use as a novel oral antiviral agent in therapeutic applications for combating porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissible gastroenteritis. This study is the first to show that recombinant L. plantarum suppresses PEDV and TGEV infection of IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Shi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 KaiXuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130052, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 KaiXuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130052, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 KaiXuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130052, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 KaiXuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130052, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,Corresponding authors C.F.W. Phone/Fax: +86-43184533425 E-mail: G.L.Y. E-mail:
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 KaiXuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130052, P.R. China,Corresponding authors C.F.W. Phone/Fax: +86-43184533425 E-mail: G.L.Y. E-mail:
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Mechanistic insights into the action of probiotics against bacterial vaginosis and its mediated preterm birth: An overview. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:104029. [PMID: 32014462 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body is a reservoir of numerous micro-creatures; whose role is substantial and indispensable in the overall development of human beings. The advances in omic approaches have offered powerful means to decipher the core microbiome and metabolome diversities in a specific organ system. The establishment of lactobacilli in the female reproductive tract is thought to be a paramount prerequisite that maintains homeostatic conditions for a sustainable and healthy pregnancy. Nevertheless, a plethora of such Lactobacillus strains of vaginal source revealed probiotic phenotypes. The plummeting in the occurrence of lactobacilli in the vaginal ecosystem is associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). One such pathological condition is "Bacterial Vaginosis" (BV), a pathogen dominated gynecological threat. In this scenario, the ascending traffic of notorious Gram-negative/variable BV pathogens to the uterus is one of the proposed pathways that give rise to inflammation-related APOs like preterm birth. Since antibiotic resistance is aggravating among urogenital pathogens, the probiotics intervention remains one of the alternative biotherapeutic strategies to overcome BV and its associated APOs. Perhaps, the increased inclination towards the safer and natural biotherapeutic strategies rather than pharmaceutical drugs for maintaining gestational and reproductive health resulted in the use of probiotics in pregnancy diets. In this context, the current review is an attempt to highlight the microbiome and metabolites signatures of BV and non-BV vaginal ecosystem, inflammation or infection-related preterm birth, host-microbial interactions, role and effectiveness of probiotics to fight against aforesaid diseased conditions.
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32
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Li N, Ma WT, Pang M, Fan QL, Hua JL. The Commensal Microbiota and Viral Infection: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1551. [PMID: 31333675 PMCID: PMC6620863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is inhabited by a diverse microbial community that is collectively coined as commensal microbiota. Recent research has greatly advanced our understanding of how the commensal microbiota affects host health. Among the various kinds of pathogenic infections of the host, viral infections constitute one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. During the infection process, viruses may have substantial and intimate interactions with the commensal microbiota. A plethora of evidence suggests that the commensal microbiota regulates and is in turn regulated by invading viruses through diverse mechanisms, thereby having stimulatory or suppressive roles in viral infections. Furthermore, the integrity of the commensal microbiota can be disturbed by invading viruses, causing dysbiosis in the host and further influencing virus infectivity. In the present article, we discuss current insights into the regulation of viral infection by the commensal microbiota. We also draw attention to the disruption of microbiota homeostasis by several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin-Lei Fan
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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33
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Hejazi MA, Ghafouri‐Fard S, Eslami S, Afshar D, Barzegari A, Khorshidian N. Polyphasic characterization ofEnterococcusstrains isolated from traditional Moghan cheese in Iran. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West regionAgricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Tabriz Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard
- Department of Medical GeneticsShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research CenterAlborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Department of Microbiology and VirologyFaculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical NanotechnologyBiomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Research Institute, Student research committeeShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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35
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Arena MP, Elmastour F, Sane F, Drider D, Fiocco D, Spano G, Hober D. Inhibition of coxsackievirus B4 by Lactobacillus plantarum. Microbiol Res 2018; 210:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Beta-Defensin-2 and Beta-Defensin-3 Reduce Intestinal Damage Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Modulating the Expression of Cytokines and Enhancing the Probiotic Activity of Enterococcus faecium. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6976935. [PMID: 29250559 PMCID: PMC5700477 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6976935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a major factor in human health and disease. This microbial community includes autochthonous (permanent inhabitants) and allochthonous (transient inhabitants) microorganisms that contribute to maintaining the integrity of the intestinal wall, modulating responses to pathogenic noxae and representing a key factor in the maturation of the immune system. If this healthy microbiota is disrupted by antibiotics, chemotherapy, or a change in diet, intestinal colonization by pathogenic bacteria or viruses may occur, leading to disease. To manage substantial microbial exposure, epithelial surfaces of the intestinal tract produce a diverse arsenal of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including, of considerable importance, the β-defensins, which directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Based on the literature data, the purpose of this work was to create a line of intestinal epithelial cells able to stably express gene encoding human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3), in order to test their role in S. typhimurium infections and their interaction with the bacteria of the gut microbiota.
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Gasta MG, Williamson CB, Gossard CM, Pizano JM, Burns CM, Dolan KE, Finley HJ, Parker EC, Lipski EA. Probiotics and Disease: A Comprehensive Summary-Part 4, Infectious Diseases. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2017; 16:28-38. [PMID: 30881235 PMCID: PMC6413636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article series provides a literature review of the disease-specific probiotic strains studied in published clinical trials in humans and animals. The goal of the series is to provide clinically useful tools. The table design allows for quick access to supportive data and will be helpful as a guide for both researchers and clinicians. The first article (part 1) focused on mental health and neurological conditions and the second article (part 2) explored cultured and fermented foods that are commonly available in the United States. The third article (part 3) explored the relationship between bacterial strains and 2 of the most prevalent diseases we have in modern society, cardiometabolic disease and fatigue syndromes. This fourth article (part 4) elucidates the role of the microbiome in infectious diseases. Future articles will review conditions related to infections of the upper respiratory system and ear, nose, and throat; autoimmunity and dermatological conditions; cancer; and gastrointestinal and genitourinary, followed by an article focused on probiotic supplements. This literature review is specific to disease condition, probiotic classification, and individual strain.
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38
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In vitro inhibition of Eimeria tenella sporozoite invasion into host cells by probiotics. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:93-98. [PMID: 27809987 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the effects of probiotics isolated from the intestinal tract of livestock animals on Eimeria tenella invasion into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells in vitro. E. tenella sporozoites were purified and labeled with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester before seeding on cell cultures, and invasion was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Two protocols (A and B) were used. In protocol A, Enterococcus faecium # 589 or Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505 were added together with sporozoites to MDBK cell cultures and invasion was evaluated after incubation for approximately 20h. Viable, dead, or spent culture supernatants of probiotics were tested. In protocol B, viable probiotics were incubated with MDBK cells for one hour before sporozoites were added and invasion was evaluated after two more hours of incubation. Parasite invasion of viable, dead, or spent culture supernatant of E. faecium # 589 was assessed. Using protocol A, it was shown that parasite invasion was inhibited by viable (80%) or dead (75%) E. faecium # 589. While inhibition by viable L. salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505 was not valid at the highest concentration and not significant at the other test concentrations, dead cells inhibited parasite invasion up to 45%. Spent culture supernatants of both probiotics had no influence on parasite invasion. Using protocol B, it was shown that viable Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis # 503, E. faecium # 497, E. faecium # 589, L. reuteri # 514, L. salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505, and Bacillus subtilis # 588 inhibited parasite invasion into MDBK cells up to 80%. Anticoccidial activity was strain-specific for E. faecium strains, and the strongest effect was shown by E. faecium # 589. Anticoccidial effects of some of the tested probiotics have already been shown in vivo, which makes them candidates to prevent coccidiosis. These findings have now been confirmed in vitro. The used parasite invasion assay is a fast and inexpensive tool to screen probiotics for prevention of coccidiosis.
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Al Kassaa I, Hober D, Hamze M, Chihib NE, Drider D. Antiviral potential of lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 6:177-85. [PMID: 24880436 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-014-9162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging resistance to antiviral agents is a growing public health concern worldwide as it was reported for respiratory, sexually transmitted and enteric viruses. Therefore, there is a growing demand for new, unconventional antiviral agents which may serve as an alternative to the currently used drugs. Meanwhile, published literature continues shedding the light on the potency of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriocins as antiviral agents. Health-promoting LAB probiotics may exert their antiviral activity by (1) direct probiotic-virus interaction; (2) production of antiviral inhibitory metabolites; and/or (3) via stimulation of the immune system. The aim of this review was to highlight the antiviral activity of LAB and substances they produce with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Al Kassaa
- Institut Charles Viollette - Université Lille 1, Bâtiment Polytech-Lille, Cité Scientifique, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Zhang F, Jiang M, Wan C, Chen X, Chen X, Tao X, Shah NP, Wei H. Screening probiotic strains for safety: Evaluation of virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci from healthy Chinese infants. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4282-4290. [PMID: 26995141 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of enterococci isolated from Chinese infants and screen out potential probiotic candidates. One hundred eight strains were isolated from feces of 34 healthy infants, and 38 strains of Enterococcus spp. were categorized as follows: E. faecalis (22), E. faecium (10), E. hirae (3), E. durans (2), and E. casseliflavus (1). Of these, 72.7% of E. faecalis came from infants delivered by cesarean and 62.5% of E. faecium from infants delivered vaginally. For safety evaluation of strains, we determined presence of virulence genes; production of hemolysin, gelatinase, and biofilm; and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci. Six out of 14 virulence genes were detected with a distribution of gelE (26.3%), cylA (39.4%), esp (15.8%), efaA (63.2%), asa1 (50.0%), and ace (50.0%). In phenotype analysis, 36.8% of the strains exhibited positive hemolytic activity and 17.5% were positive for production of gelatinase. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility showed that different percentages of the strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (5.2%), vancomycin (7.8%), rifampicin (10.5%), erythromycin (52.6%), and gentamycin (52.6%); remarkably, none of the strains were resistant to ampicillin or chloramphenicol. In total, 10 strains, including 6 E. faecium, which are free of virulence determinants and sensitive to common antimicrobial agents (e.g., ampicillin and vancomycin), were further assessed for their probiotic properties. All strains survived well in simulated gastric fluid and intestinal tract, with maximum reductions of 0.600 and 0.887 log cfu/mL, respectively. Six strains of E. faecium could resist 0.3 to 1.0% bile salt, of which E. faecium WEFA23 presented the highest growth (75.06%) at 1.0% bile salt. All strains showed bile salt hydrolase activity on glycodeoxycholic acid, but only 3 of E. faecium showed activity on taurodeoxycholic acid. These results deliver useful information on the safety of enterococci in infants in China, and provide a protocol to screen probiotics for absence of virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi province, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi province, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Haghshenas M, Yari Khosroushahi A. Antimicrobial activity and the presence of virulence factors and bacteriocin structural genes in Enterococcus faecium CM33 isolated from ewe colostrum. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:782. [PMID: 26284059 PMCID: PMC4518196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from ewe colostrum led to the identification and isolation of Enterococcus faecium CM33 with interesting features like high survival rates under acidic or bile salts condition, high tolerance for the simulated gastrointestinal condition, and high adhesive potential to Caco-2 cells. According the inhibition of pathogen adhesion test results, this strain can reduce more than 50% adhesion capacity of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus to Caco-2 cells. Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test findings, E. faecium CM33 was susceptible to gentamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and rifampicin, but resistant to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and kanamycin. Upon assessment of the virulence determinants for E. faecium CM33, this strain was negative for all tested virulence genes. Furthermore, the genome of this strain was evaluated for the incidence of the known enterocin genes by specific PCR amplification and discovered the genes encoding enterocins A, 31, X, and Q. Based on this study findings, the strain E. faecium CM33 can be considered as a valuable nutraceutical and can be introduced as a new potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nami
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minoo Haghshenas
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
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Vaginal Lactobacillus gasseri CMUL57 can inhibit herpes simplex type 2 but not Coxsackievirus B4E2. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:657-64. [PMID: 25752765 PMCID: PMC7080026 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at demonstrating the antiviral activity of Lactobacillus gasseri CMUL57 (L. gasseri CMUL57), L. acidophilus CMUL67 and L. plantarum CMUL140 against herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and Coxsackievirus B4E2 (CVB4E2), which are enveloped and naked viruses, respectively. These lactobacilli were non-cytotoxic and were able to reduce the cytopathic effect induced by HSV-2 in Vero cell monolayers. However, lactobacilli were not active against CVB4E2. Tested lactobacilli displayed anti-HSV-2 activity when they were co-incubated with the virus prior to inoculating the mixture to Vero cell monolayers. The detection of HSV-2 DNA by PCR in pellets of bacteria/virus mixtures let us to hypothesize that anti-HSV-2 activity of lactobacilli resulted from the viruses’ entrapment. This study showed the capabilities of vaginal lactobacilli to inhibit enveloped viruses such as HSV-2.
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Carasi P, Jacquot C, Romanin DE, Elie AM, De Antoni GL, Urdaci MC, Serradell MDLA. Safety and potential beneficial properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from kefir. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Twardziok SO, Pieper R, Aschenbach JR, Bednorz C, Brockmann GA, Fromm M, Klingspor S, Kreuzer S, Lodemann U, Martens H, Martin L, Richter JF, Scharek-Tedin L, Siepert BF, Starke IC, Tedin K, Vahjen W, Wieler LH, Zakrzewski SS, Zentek J, Wrede P. Cross-talk Between Host, Microbiome and Probiotics: A Systems Biology Approach for Analyzing the Effects of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 in Piglets. Mol Inform 2014; 33:171-82. [PMID: 27485687 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive data-set from a multidisciplinary feeding experiment with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium was analyzed to elucidate effects of the probiotic on growing piglets. Sixty-two piglets were randomly assigned to a control (no probiotic treatment) and a treatment group (E. faecium supplementation). Piglets were weaned at 26 d. Age-matched piglets were sacrificed for the collection of tissue samples at 12, 26, 34 and 54 d. In addition to zootechnical data, the composition and activity of intestinal microbiota, immune cell types, and intestinal responses were determined. Our systems analysis revealed clear effects on several measured variables in 26 and 34 days old animals, while response patterns varied between piglets from different age groups. Correlation analyses identified reduced associations between intestinal microbial communities and immune system reactions in the probiotic group. In conclusion, the developed model is useful for comparative analyses to unravel systems effects of dietary components and their time resolution. The model identified that effects of E. faecium supplementation most prominently affected the interplay between intestinal microbiota and the intestinal immune system. These effects, as well as effects in other subsystems, clustered around weaning, which is the age where piglets are most prone to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Twardziok
- Molekularbiologie und Bioinformatik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Pieper
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J R Aschenbach
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Bednorz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G A Brockmann
- Züchtungsbiologie und molekulare Tierzüchtung,Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fromm
- Institut für Klinische Physiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Klingspor
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kreuzer
- Züchtungsbiologie und molekulare Tierzüchtung,Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Lodemann
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Martin
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Richter
- Institut für Klinische Physiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Anatomie II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - L Scharek-Tedin
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B F Siepert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I C Starke
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Tedin
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Vahjen
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L H Wieler
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S S Zakrzewski
- Institut für Klinische Physiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Wrede
- Molekularbiologie und Bioinformatik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wang Z, Burwinkel M, Chai W, Lange E, Blohm U, Breithaupt A, Hoffmann B, Twardziok S, Rieger J, Janczyk P, Pieper R, Osterrieder N. Dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 and zinc oxide stimulate immune reactions to trivalent influenza vaccination in pigs but do not affect virological response upon challenge infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87007. [PMID: 24489827 PMCID: PMC3904981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIV) regularly cause significant disease in pigs worldwide. Since there is no causative treatment of SIV, we tested if probiotic Enterococcus (E.) faecium NCIMB 10415 or zinc (Zn) oxide as feed supplements provide beneficial effects upon SIV infection in piglets. Seventy-two weaned piglets were fed three different diets containing either E. faecium or different levels of Zn (2500 ppm, Znhigh; 50 ppm, Znlow). Half of the piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (VAC) twice with an inactivated trivalent SIV vaccine, while all piglets were then infected intranasally with H3N2 SIV. Significantly higher weekly weight gains were observed in the E. faecium group before virus infection, and piglets in Znhigh and E. faecium groups gained weight after infection while those in the control group (Znlow) lost weight. Using ELISA, we found significantly higher H3N2-specific antibody levels in the E. faecium+VAC group 2 days before and at the day of challenge infection as well as at 4 and 6 days after challenge infection. Higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were also observed in the Znhigh+VAC and E. faecium+VAC groups at 0, 1 and 4 days after infection. However, there were no significant differences in virus shedding and lung lesions between the dietary groups. Using flow cytometry analysis significantly higher activated T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte percentages in the PBMCs were detected in the Znhigh and E. faecium groups at single time points after infection compared to the Znlow control group, but no prolonged effect was found. In the BAL cells no influence of dietary supplementation on immune cell percentages could be detected. Our results suggest that feeding high doses of zinc oxide and particularly E. faecium could beneficially influence humoral immune responses after vaccination and recovery from SIV infection, but not affect virus shedding and lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Wang
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Burwinkel
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Weidong Chai
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Lange
- Abteilung für experimentelle Tierhaltung und Biosicherheit, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institut für Immunologie, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Abteilung für experimentelle Tierhaltung und Biosicherheit, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Institut für Veterinärpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sven Twardziok
- Molekularbiologie und Bioinformatik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Rieger
- Institut für Veterinäranatomie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Janczyk
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung für Biologische Sicherheit, Fachgruppe für Molekulare Diagnostik und Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institut für Tierernährung, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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