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Tsinopoulou VR, Bacopoulou F, Fidani S, Christoforidis A. Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3. [PMID: 39227549 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Fidani
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mirinezhad MR, Aghsizadeh M, Ghazizadeh H, Ghoflchi S, Bidary MZ, Naghipour A, Ferns GA, Hamzehloei T, Pasdar A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Micronutrients intake and genetic variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency; MASHAD cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38311764 PMCID: PMC10840145 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as the menopause before 40 years of age, and its prevalence is reported to be two-fold higher in Iranian women than the average for woman globally. POI is associated with several cardio/cerebrovascular complications as well as an increased overall mortality. Genetic factors, and serum levels of minerals and vitamin D, have been reported to be related to the prevalence of POI. We have investigated the association between some POI -related genotypes with the serum levels of some important micronutrients. METHODS One hundred and seventeen women with POI and 183 controls without any renal, hepatic, and thyroid abnormalities were recruited as part of the MASHAD study. Demographic and anthropometric features were recorded and blood samples were collected and processed. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat of blood samples from all participants and 8 POI-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined using ASO-PCR or Tetra ARMS-PCR. Serum minerals and vitamin D concentrations were measured using routine methods. RESULTS In women with POI, serum copper, phosphate, and calcium were significantly different for those with rs244715, rs16991615, and rs4806660 genotypes, respectively. In our control population, significant differences were also found in serum copper concentrations between different genotypes of rs4806660, rs7246479, rs1046089, and rs2303369. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the women with POI carrying TC genotype (rs4806660) had a lower risk to have serum copper levels < 80 (µg/dL) than those carrying a TT genotype. Furthermore, women with POI carrying GG genotype (rs244715) had a 6-fold higher risk to have serum copper levels > 155 than those carrying AA genotype. CONCLUSION The C and G alleles of the rs4806660 and rs244715 polymorphisms respectively are independently associated with serum copper in women with POI. Further studies are necessary to investigate the association of serum copper and other micronutrients in women and other POI -related polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mirinezhad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Aghsizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghoflchi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Naghipour
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Tayebeh Hamzehloei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran.
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Helderman NC, Terlouw D, Bonjoch L, Golubicki M, Antelo M, Morreau H, van Wezel T, Castellví-Bel S, Goldberg Y, Nielsen M. Molecular functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and their associated pathologies. iScience 2023; 26:106737. [PMID: 37378315 PMCID: PMC10291252 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance 8 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM8) and Minichromosome Maintenance 9 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM9) are recently discovered minichromosome maintenance proteins and are implicated in multiple DNA-related processes and pathologies, including DNA replication (initiation), meiosis, homologous recombination and mismatch repair. Consistent with these molecular functions, variants of MCM8/MCM9 may predispose carriers to disorders such as infertility and cancer and should therefore be included in relevant diagnostic testing. In this overview of the (patho)physiological functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and the phenotype of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriers, we explore the potential clinical implications of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriership and highlight important future directions of MCM8 and MCM9 research. With this review, we hope to contribute to better MCM8/MCM9 variant carrier management and the potential utilization of MCM8 and MCM9 in other facets of scientific research and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Golubicki
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Antelo
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Xu C, Ruan X, Mueck AO. Progress in genome-wide association studies of age at natural menopause. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:607-622. [PMID: 36572578 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is not only the end of reproductive life, it is also related to diseases such as hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and breast cancer. Traditional epidemiological studies have found that heredity is the main determinant of age at natural menopause (ANM). Early studies on genetic factors were limited to candidate gene studies. Menopause age is not inherited by a single gene, but is the result of multiple gene effects. With the development of genomic technology, the Reproductive Genetics Consortium conducted several genome-wide association studies on ANM in people of European descent, and found that defects in DNA damage repair pathways were the main genetic mechanism. In recent years, due to the ethnic heterogeneity of ANM, there has been further development of global studies into multi-ethnic and trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies. Further genetic and epidemiological studies, including polygenetic score and genetic mechanism research, should be conducted to investigate the pathogenesis and mechanism with respect to menopause and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Xu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China; University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China; University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Tsai MC, Hsu CH, Chu SK, Roy-Gagnon MH, Lin SH. Genome-wide association study of age at menarche in the Taiwan Biobank suggests NOL4 as a novel associated gene. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:339-345. [PMID: 36710296 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sexual maturation is a complex physiological process that involves multiple variables, such as genetic and environmental factors. Among females, age at menarche (AM) is a critical milestone for sexual maturation. This study aimed to identify genetic markers of AM using nationwide population cohort data in Taiwan. Females with self-reported AM between 10 and 16 years (N = 39,827) were eligible for the final analysis. To identify genetic signals related to AM, we conducted a genome-wide association study using a linear regression model and split-half meta-analysis method to verify our findings. The Functional Mapping and Annotation web-based platform was used for positional mapping and gene-based and gene-set analyses. The meta-analysis identified four significant loci, i.e., LIN28B (pooled P = 1.39 × 10-21), NOL4 (pooled P = 8.94 × 10-9), GPR45 (pooled P = 4.19 × 10-11), and LOC105373831 (pooled P = 4.37 × 10-8), that were associated with AM. MAGMA gene-based analysis revealed that LIN28B (P = 1.13 × 10-8), NOL4 (P = 2.27 × 10-7), RXRG (P = 4.34 × 10-7), ETV5 (P = 1.75 × 10-6), and HACE1 (P = 1.82 × 10-6) were significantly associated with AM, while the gene-set analysis identified a significantly enriched pathway involving mTOR signaling complex (FDR corrected P = 1.28 × 10-2). The results replicated evidence for several genetic markers associated with AM in the Taiwanese female population. Our analysis identified a novel locus (rs7239368) in NOL4 associated with AM (β = 0.051 ± 0.009 years, pooled P = 8.94 × 10-9), whereas additional research is needed to validate its molecular role in sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Collage of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Hsu
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Chu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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LIN28B Polymorphisms Confer a Higher Postoperative Recurrence Risk in Reproductive-Age Women with Endometrial Polyps. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4824357. [PMID: 35273655 PMCID: PMC8902632 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4824357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B is an important factor for cell proliferation. Because LIN28B polymorphisms have been shown to be relative with the recurrence of some hyperplastic diseases, we hypothesized that genetic variants of LIN28B gene were associated with postoperative recurrence risk in reproductive-age women with endometrial polyps (EP). In a hospital-based cohort of 351 reproductive female patients underwent hysteroscopic polypectomies between May 2018 and Jan 2020, we genotyped two common polymorphisms in LIN28B gene (rs369065 C > T and rs314280 A > G) and analyzed their associations with the risk of postoperative recurrence in multiple Cox regression model. When followed up to Jun 2021, carries of rs369065 TT genotype had an increased risk of polyp recurrence (adjusting hazard ratio [HR] = 1.883, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.033 − 3.434) and had a shorter time to recurrence (median time 352 vs. 342 days, log-rank P < 0.01), compared to the CC/CT genotype. Further stratification analysis showed that the increased risk of rs369065 TT genotype was more evident in patients who were older than 33 years (adjusted HR = 2.597, 95%CI = 1.037 − 6.505), had a single polyp (adjusted HR = 2.545, 95%CI = 1.059 − 6.113), and had smaller polyps (<1.2 cm, adjusted HR = 2.708, 95%CI = 1.042 − 7.043). However, no significant association between rs314280 A > G polymorphism and the risk of polyp recurrence was found. Our study suggests that rs369065 TT genotype of LIN28B gene is associated with an increased postoperative recurrence risk in EP patients, especially in those with fewer and smaller polyps. These findings implicate a precise choice of clinical counseling and decision making. Larger studies in different ethnic populations are warranted.
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7
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Sarnowski C, Cousminer DL, Franceschini N, Raffield LM, Jia G, Fernández-Rhodes L, Grant SFA, Hakonarson H, Lange LA, Long J, Sofer T, Tao R, Wallace RB, Wong Q, Zirpoli G, Boerwinkle E, Bradfield JP, Correa A, Kooperberg CL, North KE, Palmer JR, Zemel BS, Zheng W, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Large trans-ethnic meta-analysis identifies AKR1C4 as a novel gene associated with age at menarche. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1999-2010. [PMID: 34021356 PMCID: PMC8213450 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the expansion of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to a broader range of ancestries improve the ability to identify and generalise variants associated with age at menarche (AAM) in European populations to a wider range of world populations? SUMMARY ANSWER By including women with diverse and predominantly non-European ancestry in a large-scale meta-analysis of AAM with half of the women being of African ancestry, we identified a new locus associated with AAM in African-ancestry participants, and generalised loci from GWAS of European ancestry individuals. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY AAM is a highly polygenic puberty trait associated with various diseases later in life. Both AAM and diseases associated with puberty timing vary by race or ethnicity. The majority of GWAS of AAM have been performed in European ancestry women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We analysed a total of 38 546 women who did not have predominantly European ancestry backgrounds: 25 149 women from seven studies from the ReproGen Consortium and 13 397 women from the UK Biobank. In addition, we used an independent sample of 5148 African-ancestry women from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) for replication. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Each AAM GWAS was performed by study and ancestry or ethnic group using linear regression models adjusted for birth year and study-specific covariates. ReproGen and UK Biobank results were meta-analysed using an inverse variance-weighted average method. A trans-ethnic meta-analysis was also carried out to assess heterogeneity due to different ancestry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed consistent direction and effect sizes between our meta-analysis and the largest GWAS conducted in European or Asian ancestry women. We validated four AAM loci (1p31, 6q16, 6q22 and 9q31) with common genetic variants at P < 5 × 10-7. We detected one new association (10p15) at P < 5 × 10-8 with a low-frequency genetic variant lying in AKR1C4, which was replicated in an independent sample. This gene belongs to a family of enzymes that regulate the metabolism of steroid hormones and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of uterine diseases. The genetic variant in the new locus is more frequent in African-ancestry participants, and has a very low frequency in Asian or European-ancestry individuals. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Extreme AAM (<9 years or >18 years) were excluded from analysis. Women may not fully recall their AAM as most of the studies were conducted many years later. Further studies in women with diverse and predominantly non-European ancestry are needed to confirm and extend these findings, but the availability of such replication samples is limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Expanding association studies to a broader range of ancestries or ethnicities may improve the identification of new genetic variants associated with complex diseases or traits and the generalisation of variants from European-ancestry studies to a wider range of world populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was provided by CHARGE Consortium grant R01HL105756-07: Gene Discovery For CVD and Aging Phenotypes and by the NIH grant U24AG051129 awarded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sarnowski
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D L Cousminer
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T Sofer
- Departments of Medicine and of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R B Wallace
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Q Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetic Center and Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, LLC, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - A Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - C L Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Biswas L, Tyc K, Yakoubi WE, Morgan K, Xing J, Schindler K. Meiosis interrupted: the genetics of female infertility via meiotic failure. Reproduction 2021; 161:R13-R35. [PMID: 33170803 PMCID: PMC7855740 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic or 'unexplained' infertility represents as many as 30% of infertility cases worldwide. Conception, implantation, and term delivery of developmentally healthy infants require chromosomally normal (euploid) eggs and sperm. The crux of euploid egg production is error-free meiosis. Pathologic genetic variants dysregulate meiotic processes that occur during prophase I, meiotic resumption, chromosome segregation, and in cell cycle regulation. This dysregulation can result in chromosomally abnormal (aneuploid) eggs. In turn, egg aneuploidy leads to a broad range of clinical infertility phenotypes, including primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause, egg fertilization failure and embryonic developmental arrest, or recurrent pregnancy loss. Therefore, maternal genetic variants are emerging as infertility biomarkers, which could allow informed reproductive decision-making. Here, we select and deeply examine human genetic variants that likely cause dysregulation of critical meiotic processes in 14 female infertility-associated genes: SYCP3, SYCE1, TRIP13, PSMC3IP, DMC1, MCM8, MCM9, STAG3, PATL2, TUBB8, CEP120, AURKB, AURKC, andWEE2. We discuss the function of each gene in meiosis, explore genotype-phenotype relationships, and delineate the frequencies of infertility-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelabati Biswas
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katarzyna Tyc
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Warif El Yakoubi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katie Morgan
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Relationship between BRSK1 rs12611091 variant and age at natural menopause based on physical activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:459-462. [PMID: 31895179 PMCID: PMC7147414 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The rs12611091 variant in the BR serine/threonine kinase 1 gene is one of the variants previously associated with age at natural menopause. So far, this variant has not been replicated in Taiwanese women. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between rs12611091 and age at natural menopause based on physical activity. Methods: A total of 1,758 women were eligible for analysis whose information about menopause was collected from the Taiwan Biobank. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for analysis. Results: The mean age (standard deviation) at natural menopause was 50.82 (3.59) years. Of the eligible participants, 56.94% were rs12611091 CC carriers, 36.69% were TC carriers, and 6.37% were TT carriers. Compared to CC carriers, TC and TT carriers were associated with early menopause (β = −0.42, P = 0.02 and −0.87, P = 0.01, respectively). There was a significant interaction between rs12611091 and physical activity (P for interaction = 0.02). Compared to rs12611091 CC carriers, TC and TT carriers who were physically inactive were significantly associated with earlier menopause (β = −0.88, P < 0.01 and −1.25, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: We demonstrated that rs12611091 variant was associated with age at natural menopause especially among inactive women in Taiwan. That is, women with TC and TT genotypes who were physically inactive were significantly associated with earlier natural menopause compared to those with CC genotype.
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Yang Z, Deng Y, Zhang K, Bai Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Xin Y, Li L, He J, Wang W. LIN28B gene polymorphisms modify hepatoblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children. J Cancer 2020; 11:3512-3518. [PMID: 32284747 PMCID: PMC7150445 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is one of the malignant liver tumors in children. However, genetic mechanisms underpinning the initiation of hepatoblastoma remain largely unclear. The previous study showed that lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B) might play a role in the development of hepatoblastoma. To detect the association between LIN28B gene polymorphisms and hepatoblastoma risk in Chinese children, we conducted a five-center case-control study of 275 hepatoblastoma patients and 1018 cancer-free controls. Four potentially functional polymorphisms were genotyped using the Taqman method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the associations. We found that the rs314276 C>A polymorphism (AA vs. CC: adjusted OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.36-3.10, P=0.0006; AA vs. CA/CC: adjusted OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.43-3.12, P=0.0002) and rs9404590 T>G (GG vs. TT: adjusted OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.20-3.00, P=0.007; GG vs. TT/TG: adjusted OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.20-2.92, P=0.006) were associated with increased hepatoblastoma risk. Combination analysis of risk genotypes showed that patients with four risk genotypes had a higher chance of developing hepatoblastoma than carriers of 1 to 3 risk genotypes. Stratification analysis showed the significant association between the rs314276 AA genotype and hepatoblastoma risk in both age and sex groups, as well as clinical stages III+IV cases. The rs9404590 GG genotype was associated with hepatoblastoma risk in participants' ≥17 months, in females, and for those with clinical stages III+IV disease. Furthermore, four risk genotypes confer higher hepatoblastoma susceptibility in both age and sex groups, as well as groups with clinical stages III+IV disease. Genotype-based gene expression analysis confirmed that the rs9404590 T>G polymorphism was significantly associated with altered LIN28B gene expression. We further validated our findings using false-positive probability analysis. This finding suggested that LIN28B gene polymorphisms may be associated with an increased predisposition to hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuyao Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yijuan Xin
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Weilin Wang, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China. E-mail: ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China. E-mail: or
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Weilin Wang, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China. E-mail: ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China. E-mail: or
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at menarche and age at natural menopause occur significantly earlier in African American women than in other ethnic groups. African American women also have twice the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders related to the timing of these reproductive traits. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this integrative review were to (a) summarize the genome-wide association studies of reproductive traits in African American women, (b) identify genes that overlap with reproductive traits and cardiometabolic risk factors in African American women, and (c) propose biological mechanisms explaining the link between reproductive traits and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS PubMed was searched for genome-wide association studies of genes associated with reproductive traits in African American women. After extracting and summarizing the primary genes, we examined whether any of the associations with reproductive traits had also been identified with cardiometabolic risk factors in African American women. RESULTS Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Associations with both reproductive and cardiometabolic traits were reported in or near the following genes: FTO, SEC16B, TMEM18, APOE, PHACTR1, KCNQ1, LDLR, PIK3R1, and RORA. Biological pathways implicated include body weight regulation, vascular homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. DISCUSSION A better understanding of the genetic basis of reproductive traits in African American women may provide insight into the biological mechanisms linking variation in these traits with increased risk for cardiometabolic disorders in this population.
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Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Genetics of human female infertility†. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:549-566. [PMID: 31077289 PMCID: PMC8127036 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About 10% of women of reproductive age are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a wide range of causes affecting ovarian development, maturation of oocytes, and fertilization competence, as well as the potential of a fertilized egg for preimplantation development, implantation, and fetal growth. Genetic abnormalities leading to infertility in females comprise large chromosome abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosome deletion and duplications, and DNA sequence variations in the genes that control numerous biological processes implicated in oogenesis, maintenance of ovarian reserve, hormonal signaling, and anatomical and functional development of female reproductive organs. Despite the great number of genes implicated in reproductive physiology by the study of animal models, only a subset of these genes is associated with human infertility. In this review, we mainly focus on genetic alterations identified in humans and summarize recent knowledge on the molecular pathways of oocyte development and maturation, the crucial role of maternal-effect factors during embryogenesis, and genetic conditions associated with ovarian dysgenesis, primary ovarian insufficiency, early embryonic lethality, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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13
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Bien SA, Wojcik GL, Hodonsky CJ, Gignoux CR, Cheng I, Matise TC, Peters U, Kenny EE, North KE. The Future of Genomic Studies Must Be Globally Representative: Perspectives from PAGE. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:181-200. [PMID: 30978304 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091416-035517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a technological revolution in human genetics that has empowered population-level investigations into genetic associations with phenotypes. Although these discoveries rely on genetic variation across individuals, association studies have overwhelmingly been performed in populations of European descent. In this review, we describe limitations faced by single-population studies and provide an overview of strategies to improve global representation in existing data sets and future human genomics research via diversity-focused, multiethnic studies. We highlight the successes of individual studies and meta-analysis consortia that have provided unique knowledge. Additionally, we outline the approach taken by the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study to develop best practices for performing genetic epidemiology in multiethnic contexts. Finally, we discuss how limiting investigations to single populations impairs findings in the clinical domain for both rare-variant identification and genetic risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bien
- Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA;
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08554, USA;
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
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14
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Links between age at menarche, antral follicle count, and body mass index in African American and European American women. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:122-131. [PMID: 30611402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between age at menarche, antral follicle count (AFC), and body mass index (BMI) in a multi-ethnic population of women. DESIGN Community-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic setting. PATIENT(S) A total of 245 African American women and 273 European American women, aged 25-45 years, with regular menstrual cycles and no reproductive disorders. The ethnicity of these women was self-reported and genetically validated. INTERVENTION(S) The AFCs were measured by transvaginal ultrasound during the early follicular phase. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and age at menarche was gathered by questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Determination of the associations between age of menarche and adult AFC and BMI. RESULT(S) Earlier age of menarche was associated with both higher BMIs and higher AFCs in adulthood, with control for female age. The antral follicle difference between early (<12 years) vs. late (≥15 years) initiation of menarche in both white and black women was +3.81 and +3.34 follicles, respectively, which is equivalent to an approximately 20% difference in AFC. CONCLUSION(S) This study provides the first evidence that timing of menarche may influence AFC. Because of limited studies on African American women, this work provides additional needed data and may enhance our ability to prospectively screen and better treat various diseases associated with the female reproductive lifespan.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize advances in the genetics underlying variation in normal pubertal timing, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty, and to discuss mechanisms by which genes may regulate pubertal timing. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci that affect pubertal timing in the general population in both sexes and across ethnic groups. Single genes have been implicated in both precocious and delayed puberty. Potential mechanisms for how these genetic loci influence pubertal timing may include effects on the development and function of the GnRH neuronal network and the responsiveness of end-organs. SUMMARY There has been significant progress in identifying genetic loci that affect normal pubertal timing, and the first single-gene causes of precocious and delayed puberty are being described. How these genes influence pubertal timing remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Temitope O Kusa
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital.,Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Fernández-Rhodes L, Malinowski JR, Wang Y, Tao R, Pankratz N, Jeff JM, Yoneyama S, Carty CL, Setiawan VW, Le Marchand L, Haiman C, Corbett S, Demerath E, Heiss G, Gross M, Buzkova P, Crawford DC, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Schwander K, Chakravarti A, Gottesman O, Abul-Husn NS, Bottinger EP, Loos RJF, Raffel LJ, Yao J, Guo X, Bielinski SJ, Rotter JI, Vaidya D, Chen YDI, Castañeda SF, Daviglus M, Kaplan R, Talavera GA, Ryckman KK, Peters U, Ambite JL, Buyske S, Hindorff L, Kooperberg C, Matise T, Franceschini N, North KE. The genetic underpinnings of variation in ages at menarche and natural menopause among women from the multi-ethnic Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study: A trans-ethnic meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200486. [PMID: 30044860 PMCID: PMC6059436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of the genetic architecture of key reproductive events across the female life course is largely based on association studies of European descent women. The relevance of known loci for age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) in diverse populations remains unclear. We investigated 32 AAM and 14 ANM previously-identified loci and sought to identify novel loci in a trans-ethnic array-wide study of 196,483 SNPs on the MetaboChip (Illumina, Inc.). A total of 45,364 women of diverse ancestries (African, Hispanic/Latina, Asian American and American Indian/Alaskan Native) in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study were included in cross-sectional analyses of AAM and ANM. Within each study we conducted a linear regression of SNP associations with self-reported or medical record-derived AAM or ANM (in years), adjusting for birth year, population stratification, and center/region, as appropriate, and meta-analyzed results across studies using multiple meta-analytic techniques. For both AAM and ANM, we observed more directionally consistent associations with the previously reported risk alleles than expected by chance (p-valuesbinomial≤0.01). Eight densely genotyped reproductive loci generalized significantly to at least one non-European population. We identified one trans-ethnic array-wide SNP association with AAM and two significant associations with ANM, which have not been described previously. Additionally, we observed evidence of independent secondary signals at three of six AAM trans-ethnic loci. Our findings support the transferability of reproductive trait loci discovered in European women to women of other race/ethnicities and indicate the presence of additional trans-ethnic associations both at both novel and established loci. These findings suggest the benefit of including diverse populations in future studies of the genetic architecture of female growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janina M. Jeff
- Genotyping Arrays Division, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sachiko Yoneyama
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Corbett
- Kansas Health Institute, Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Omri Gottesman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Noura S. Abul-Husn
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Suzette J. Bielinski
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Sheila F. Castañeda
- South Bay Latino Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- South Bay Latino Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kelli K. Ryckman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jose Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tara Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Chen X, Yang Y, Liu J, Li B, Xu Y, Li C, Xu Q, Liu G, Chen Y, Ying J, Duan S. NDRG4 hypermethylation is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8105-8119. [PMID: 28042954 PMCID: PMC5352386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to assess whether N-Myc downstream regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) methylation was associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, we measured the methylation of NDRG4 promoter and gene body regions among 110 gastric cancer patients using quantitative methods (MethyLight and pyrosequencing). Both NDRG4 promoter and gene body methylation levels were increased in tumor tissues than paired adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). NDRG4 gene body methylation was found to be significantly associated with age and tumor differentiation. NDRG4 promoter hypermethylation was proved to be a predictor of poor overall survival. However, opposite result was observed among The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The findings from gastric cell lines and public databases have suggested that NDRG4 methylation level was inversely associated with NDRG4 transcription level. Subsequent luciferase reporter gene assay showed that promoter CpG island but not gene body CpG island was able to upregulate gene expression. Collectively, NDRG4 promoter hypermethylation contributed to the risk of gastric cancer and predicted a poor prognosis in Chinese gastric cancer patients. Moreover, the combined methylation levels of NDRG4 promoter and gene body served as diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Guili Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yingmin Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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18
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Bachelot A, Gilleron J, Meduri G, Guberto M, Dulon J, Boucherie S, Touraine P, Misrahi M. A common African variant of human connexin 37 is associated with Caucasian primary ovarian insufficiency and has a deleterious effect in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:640-648. [PMID: 29207017 PMCID: PMC5752242 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculogenesis requires communication between granulosa cells and oocytes, mediated by connexin-based gap junctions. Connexin 37 (Cx37)-deficient female mice are infertile. The present study assessed Cx37 deficiency in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). A candidate gene study was performed in patients and controls from the National Genotyping Center (Evry, France) including 58 Caucasian patients with idiopathic isolated POI and 142 Caucasian controls. Direct genomic sequencing of the coding regions of the GJA4 gene (encoding Cx37) was performed with the aim to identify a deleterious variant associated with POI and absent in ethnically matched controls. A single Cx37 variant absent in the control population was identified, namely a c.946G>A heterozygous substitution leading to a p.Gly316Ser variant that was present in two POI patients. This variant was absent in all Caucasian controls from various databases, and has been observed exclusively in African populations. This variant was identified to have a dominant negative effect in HeLa cells in vitro to alter connexon function (by 67.2±7.17%), as determined by Gap-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The alteration principally resulted from a decrease of cell surface connexons due to altered trafficking (by 47.73±8.59%). In marked contrast to this observation, a p.Pro258Ser variant frequent in all ethnic populations in databases had no functional effect in vitro. In conclusion, the present study reported on a Cx37 variant in two Caucasian POI patients, which was absent in control Caucasian populations, and which had a deleterious effect in vitro. It is therefore suggested that in the genetic context of the Caucasian population, this variant may contribute to POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bachelot
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Reference Center for Rare Gynecological Pathologies
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, University Paris 6, F-75013 Paris
| | - Jerome Gilleron
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1065 - University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine C3M, F-06000 Nice
| | - Geri Meduri
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1195
| | - Mihelai Guberto
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Medical Faculty Paris-Sud, Bicêtre Hospital, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre
| | - Jerome Dulon
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Reference Center for Rare Gynecological Pathologies
| | - Sylviane Boucherie
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 757 INSERM, University Paris-Sud, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Reference Center for Rare Gynecological Pathologies
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, University Paris 6, F-75013 Paris
| | - Micheline Misrahi
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Medical Faculty Paris-Sud, Bicêtre Hospital, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre
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Júnior GAO, Perez BC, Cole JB, Santana MHA, Silveira J, Mazzoni G, Ventura RV, Júnior MLS, Kadarmideen HN, Garrick DJ, Ferraz JBS. Genomic study and Medical Subject Headings enrichment analysis of early pregnancy rate and antral follicle numbers in Nelore heifers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4796-4812. [PMID: 29293733 PMCID: PMC6292327 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebu animals () are known to take longer to reach puberty compared with taurine animals (), limiting the supply of animals for harvest or breeding and impacting profitability. Genomic information can be a helpful tool to better understand complex traits and improve genetic gains. In this study, we performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with reproductive traits in Nelore beef cattle. Heifer pregnancy (HP) was recorded for 1,267 genotyped animals distributed in 12 contemporary groups (CG) with an average pregnancy rate of 0.35 (±0.01). Disregarding one of these CG, the number of antral follicles (NF) was also collected for 937 of these animals, with an average of 11.53 (±4.43). The animals were organized in CG: 12 and 11 for HP and NF, respectively. Genes in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the associated variants can be considered in a functional enrichment analysis to identify biological mechanisms involved in fertility. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were detected using the MESHR package, allowing the extraction of broad meanings from the gene lists provided by the GWAS. The estimated heritability for HP was 0.28 ± 0.07 and for NF was 0.49 ± 0.09, with the genomic correlation being -0.21 ± 0.29. The average LD between adjacent markers was 0.23 ± 0.01, and GWAS identified genomic windows that accounted for >1% of total genetic variance on chromosomes 5, 14, and 18 for HP and on chromosomes 2, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 22 for NF. The MeSH enrichment analyses revealed significant ( < 0.05) terms associated with HP-"Munc18 Proteins," "Fucose," and "Hemoglobins"-and with NF-"Cathepsin B," "Receptors, Neuropeptide," and "Palmitic Acid." This is the first study in Nelore cattle introducing the concept of MeSH analysis. The genomic analyses contributed to a better understanding of the genetic control of the reproductive traits HP and NF and provide new selection strategies to improve beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. C. Perez
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - J. B. Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | | | - J. Silveira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. V. Ventura
- Beef Improvement Opportunities, Guelph, ON N1K1E5, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | | | - H. N. Kadarmideen
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Coignet MV, Zirpoli GR, Roberts MR, Khoury T, Bandera EV, Zhu Q, Yao S. Genetic variations, reproductive aging, and breast cancer risk in African American and European American women: The Women's Circle of Health Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187205. [PMID: 29073238 PMCID: PMC5658184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging phenotypes, including age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM), are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. In recent years, many genetic variants have been identified in association with AM and ANM in genome-wide association studies among European populations. Using data from the Women’s Circle of Health Study (WCHS) of 1,307 European-American (EA) and 1,365 African-American (AA) breast cancer cases and controls, we aimed to replicate 53 earlier GWAS variants for AM and ANM in AA and EA groups and to perform analyses on total and net reproductive lifespan (TRLS; NRLS). Breast cancer risk was also examined in relation to a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each of the reproductive aging phenotypes. We replicated a number of variants in EA women, including rs7759938 in LIN28B for AM and rs16991615 in MCM8 for ANM; whereas in the AA group, only one SNP (rs2947411 in TMEM18) for AM was directionally consistent and nominally significant. In analysis of TRLS and NRLS, several SNPs were significant, including rs466639 in RXRG that was associated with both phenotypes in both AA and EA groups. None of the PRS was associated with breast cancer risk. Given the paucity of data available among AA populations, our study contributes to the literature of genetics of reproductive aging in AA women and highlights the importance of cross population replication of GWAS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie V. Coignet
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Gary Robert Zirpoli
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Aherrahrou R, Aherrahrou Z, Schunkert H, Erdmann J. Coronary artery disease associated gene Phactr1 modulates severity of vascular calcification in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Luijken J, van der Schouw YT, Mensink D, Onland-Moret NC. Association between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review on risk and potential mechanisms. Maturitas 2017; 104:96-116. [PMID: 28923182 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Age at menarche (AAM) has been reported to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the shape of and the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. We reviewed the data on the association between AAM and different subtypes of CVD, and used shared genetic loci to identify possible mechanisms underlying this association using shared genetic association. We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase through to April 2017. We included articles with any clinically manifest CVD endpoint and for any ethnicity. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AAM in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Caucasians through PubMed and HuGE Navigator, and searched whether these SNPs or any of their proxies were associated with any CVD-related trait. Eight studies in Caucasian populations reported an inverse linear relation between AAM and CVD risk, whereas one large study reported a significant U-shaped relation between them. Data from Asian populations were contradictory and inconclusive. In total, 122 AAM SNPs were identified at a genome-wide significance level (p<5×10-8). Of those, 18 were also associated with various CVD-related traits, primarily body mass index (BMI), obesity, and height. In conclusion, early AAM and possibly also late AAM increase the risk of CVD in Caucasian populations. Weight and height may be part of the mechanism underlying the relation between AAM and CVD risk in Caucasians. Data on other ethnicities are too limited for meaningful analysis and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Luijken
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniëlle Mensink
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cardialysis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Byars SG, Huang QQ, Gray LA, Bakshi A, Ripatti S, Abraham G, Stearns SC, Inouye M. Genetic loci associated with coronary artery disease harbor evidence of selection and antagonistic pleiotropy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006328. [PMID: 28640878 PMCID: PMC5480811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional genome-wide scans for positive selection have mainly uncovered selective sweeps associated with monogenic traits. While selection on quantitative traits is much more common, very few signals have been detected because of their polygenic nature. We searched for positive selection signals underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) in worldwide populations, using novel approaches to quantify relationships between polygenic selection signals and CAD genetic risk. We identified new candidate adaptive loci that appear to have been directly modified by disease pressures given their significant associations with CAD genetic risk. These candidates were all uniquely and consistently associated with many different male and female reproductive traits suggesting selection may have also targeted these because of their direct effects on fitness. We found that CAD loci are significantly enriched for lifetime reproductive success relative to the rest of the human genome, with evidence that the relationship between CAD and lifetime reproductive success is antagonistic. This supports the presence of antagonistic-pleiotropic tradeoffs on CAD loci and provides a novel explanation for the maintenance and high prevalence of CAD in modern humans. Lastly, we found that positive selection more often targeted CAD gene regulatory variants using HapMap3 lymphoblastoid cell lines, which further highlights the unique biological significance of candidate adaptive loci underlying CAD. Our study provides a novel approach for detecting selection on polygenic traits and evidence that modern human genomes have evolved in response to CAD-induced selection pressures and other early-life traits sharing pleiotropic links with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Byars
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qin Qin Huang
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley-Ann Gray
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gad Abraham
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Stearns
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Michael Inouye
- Centre for Systems Genomics, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Reid BM, Permuth JB, Sellers TA. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review. Cancer Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28443200 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination, pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology, primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Reid
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
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25
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination, pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology, primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Reid
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
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26
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination, pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology, primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Reid
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
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27
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Shi J, Zhang B, Choi JY, Gao YT, Li H, Lu W, Long J, Kang D, Xiang YB, Wen W, Park SK, Ye X, Noh DY, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chung S, Lin X, Cai Q, Shu XO. Age at menarche and age at natural menopause in East Asian women: a genome-wide association study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:513-523. [PMID: 27629107 PMCID: PMC5266214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) are complex traits with a high heritability. Abnormal timing of menarche or menopause is associated with a reduced span of fertility and risk for several age-related diseases including breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. To identify novel genetic loci for AM or ANM in East Asian women and to replicate previously identified loci primarily in women of European ancestry by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we conducted a two-stage GWAS. Stage I aimed to discover promising novel AM and ANM loci using GWAS data of 8073 women from Shanghai, China. The Stage II replication study used the data from another Chinese GWAS (n = 1230 for AM and n = 1458 for ANM), a Korean GWAS (n = 4215 for AM and n = 1739 for ANM), and de novo genotyping of 2877 additional Chinese women. Previous GWAS-identified loci for AM and ANM were also evaluated. We identified two suggestive menarcheal age loci tagged by rs79195475 at 10q21.3 (beta = -0.118 years, P = 3.4 × 10-6) and rs1023935 at 4p15.1 (beta = -0.145 years, P = 4.9 × 10-6) and one menopausal age locus tagged by rs3818134 at 22q12.2 (beta = -0.276 years, P = 8.8 × 10-6). These suggestive loci warrant a further validation in independent populations. Although limited by low statistical power, we replicated 19 of the 98 menarche loci and 5 of the 20 menopause loci previously identified in women of European ancestry in East Asian women, suggesting a shared genetic architecture for these two traits across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Seokang Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA.
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Phenome-Wide Association Study for Alcohol and Nicotine Risk Alleles in 26394 Women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2688-96. [PMID: 27187070 PMCID: PMC5026736 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify novel traits associated with alleles known to predispose to alcohol and nicotine use, we conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in a large multi-population cohort. We investigated 7688 African-Americans, 1133 Asian-Americans, 14 081 European-Americans, and 3492 Hispanic-Americans from the Women's Health Initiative, analyzing alleles at the CHRNA3-CHRNA5 locus, ADH1B, and ALDH2 with respect to phenotypic traits related to anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, social status, psychological traits, reproductive history, health conditions, and nicotine/alcohol use. In ADH1B trans-population meta-analysis and population-specific analysis, we replicated prior associations with drinking behaviors and identified multiple novel phenome-wide significant and suggestive findings related to psychological traits, socioeconomic status, vascular/metabolic conditions, and reproductive health. We then applied Bayesian network learning algorithms to provide insight into the causative relationships of the novel ADH1B associations: ADH1B appears to affect phenotypic traits via both alcohol-mediated and alcohol-independent effects. In an independent sample of 2379 subjects, we also replicated the novel ADH1B associations related to socioeconomic status (household gross income and highest grade finished in school). For CHRNA3-CHRNA5 risk alleles, we replicated association with smoking behaviors, lung cancer, and asthma. There were also novel suggestive CHRNA3-CHRNA5 findings with respect to high-cholesterol-medication use and distrustful attitude. In conclusion, the genetics of alcohol and tobacco use potentially has broader implications on physical and mental health than is currently recognized. In particular, ADH1B may be a gene relevant for the human phenome via both alcohol metabolism-related mechanisms and other alcohol metabolism-independent mechanisms.
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Abstract
The decline in age of pubertal timing has serious public health implications ranging from psychosocial adjustment problems to a possible increase in reproductive cancers. One biologically plausible explanation for the decline is a decrease in exposures to infections. To systematically review studies that assess the role of infection in pubertal timing, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched and retrieved studies were reviewed for eligibility. Eligible studies examined the association between infections, including microbial exposures, and physical pubertal characteristics (breast, genitalia and pubic hair development) or age at menarche. We excluded studies that were published in a language other than English, focused on precocious puberty, were case studies, and/or included youth with autoimmune diseases. We report on study design, population characteristics, measurement of infection and puberty and the main effects of infection on pubertal development. Based on our search terms we identified 1372 unique articles, of which only 15 human and five animal studies met our eligibility criteria. Not all studies examined all outcomes. Infection was associated with later breast development (4/4 human studies), with less consistent evidence for genitalia and pubic hair development. Seven studies assessed age at menarche with inconsistent findings (three supporting later, four no association). We conclude that a small but consistent literature supports that infection is associated with later breast development; the evidence for other pubertal events and age at menarche is less clear. Where fewer childhood infections coincide with the rise in incidence of hormone-related cancers.
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Cousminer DL, Widén E, Palmert MR. The genetics of pubertal timing in the general population: recent advances and evidence for sex-specificity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23:57-65. [PMID: 26574646 PMCID: PMC4734379 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article overviews advances in the genetics of puberty based on studies in the general population, describes evidence for sex-specific genetic effects on pubertal timing, and briefly reviews possible mechanisms mediating sexually dimorphic genetic effects. RECENT FINDINGS Pubertal timing is highly polygenic, and many loci are conserved among ethnicities. A number of identified loci underlie both pubertal timing and related traits such as height and BMI. It is increasingly apparent that understanding the factors modulating the onset of puberty is important because the timing of this developmental stage is associated with a wider range of adult health outcomes than previously appreciated. Although most of the genetic effects underlying the timing of puberty are common between boys and girls, some effects show sex-specificity and many are epigenetically modulated. Several potential mechanisms, including hormone-independent ones, may be responsible for observed sex differences. SUMMARY Studies of pubertal timing in the general population have provided new knowledge about the genetic architecture of this complex trait. Increasing attention paid to sex-specific effects may provide key insights into the sexual dimorphism in pubertal timing and even into the associations between puberty and adult health risks by identifying common underlying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark R. Palmert
- Division of Endocrinology, the Hospital for Sick Children
- The Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Pelosi E, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D. Genetics of the ovarian reserve. Front Genet 2015; 6:308. [PMID: 26528328 PMCID: PMC4606124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicles or non-growing follicles (NGFs) are the functional unit of reproduction, each comprising a single germ cell surrounded by supporting somatic cells. NGFs constitute the ovarian reserve (OR), prerequisite for germ cell ovulation and the continuation of the species. The dynamics of the reserve is determined by the number of NGFs formed and their complex subsequent fates. During the reproductive lifespan, the OR progressively diminishes due to follicle atresia as well as recruitment, maturation, and ovulation. The depletion of the OR is the major determining driver of menopause, which ensues when the number of primordial follicles falls below a threshold of ∼1,000. Therefore, genes and processes involved in follicle dynamics are particularly important to understand the process of menopause, both in the typical reproductive lifespan and in conditions like primary ovarian insufficiency, defined as menopause before age 40. Genes and their variants that affect the timing of menopause thereby provide candidates for diagnosis of and intervention in problems of reproductive lifespan. We review the current knowledge of processes and genes involved in the development of the OR and in the dynamics of ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pelosi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Schlessinger
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wood-Trageser MA, Gurbuz F, Yatsenko SA, Jeffries EP, Kotan LD, Surti U, Ketterer DM, Matic J, Chipkin J, Jiang H, Trakselis MA, Topaloglu AK, Rajkovic A. MCM9 mutations are associated with ovarian failure, short stature, and chromosomal instability. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:754-62. [PMID: 25480036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is genetically heterogeneous and manifests as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism either as part of a syndrome or in isolation. We studied two unrelated consanguineous families with daughters exhibiting primary amenorrhea, short stature, and a 46,XX karyotype. A combination of SNP arrays, comparative genomic hybridization arrays, and whole-exome sequencing analyses identified homozygous pathogenic variants in MCM9, a gene implicated in homologous recombination and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. In one family, the MCM9 c.1732+2T>C variant alters a splice donor site, resulting in abnormal alternative splicing and truncated forms of MCM9 that are unable to be recruited to sites of DNA damage. In the second family, MCM9 c.394C>T (p.Arg132(∗)) results in a predicted loss of functional MCM9. Repair of chromosome breaks was impaired in lymphocytes from affected, but not unaffected, females in both families, consistent with MCM9 function in homologous recombination. Autosomal-recessive variants in MCM9 cause a genomic-instability syndrome associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and short stature. Preferential sensitivity of germline meiosis to MCM9 functional deficiency and compromised DNA repair in the somatic component most likely account for the ovarian failure and short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Wood-Trageser
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fatih Gurbuz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - L Damla Kotan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Deborah M Ketterer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jelena Matic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chipkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huaiyang Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael A Trakselis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - A Kemal Topaloglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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33
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AlAsiri S, Basit S, Wood-Trageser MA, Yatsenko SA, Jeffries EP, Surti U, Ketterer DM, Afzal S, Ramzan K, Faiyaz-Ul Haque M, Jiang H, Trakselis MA, Rajkovic A. Exome sequencing reveals MCM8 mutation underlies ovarian failure and chromosomal instability. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:258-62. [PMID: 25437880 DOI: 10.1172/jci78473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder that includes individuals with manifestations ranging from primary amenorrhea to loss of menstrual function prior to age 40. POF presents as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and can be part of a syndrome or occur in isolation. Here, we studied 3 sisters with primary amenorrhea, hypothyroidism, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The sisters were born to parents who are first cousins. SNP analysis and whole-exome sequencing revealed the presence of a pathogenic variant of the minichromosome maintenance 8 gene (MCM8, c.446C>G; p.P149R) located within a region of homozygosity that was present in the affected daughters but not in their unaffected sisters. Because MCM8 participates in homologous recombination and dsDNA break repair, we tested fibroblasts from the affected sisters for hypersensitivity to chromosomal breaks. Compared with fibroblasts from unaffected daughters, chromosomal break repair was deficient in fibroblasts from the affected individuals, likely due to inhibited recruitment of MCM8 p.P149R to sites of DNA damage. Our study identifies an autosomal recessive disorder caused by an MCM8 mutation that manifests with endocrine dysfunction and genomic instability.
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Chen CTL, Liu CT, Chen GK, Andrews JS, Arnold AM, Dreyfus J, Franceschini N, Garcia ME, Kerr KF, Li G, Lohman KK, Musani SK, Nalls MA, Raffel LJ, Smith J, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Bernstein L, Britton A, Brzyski RG, Cappola A, Carlson CS, Couper D, Deming SL, Goodarzi MO, Heiss G, John EM, Lu X, Le Marchand L, Marciante K, Mcknight B, Millikan R, Nock NL, Olshan AF, Press MF, Vaiyda D, Woods NF, Taylor HA, Zhao W, Zheng W, Evans MK, Harris TB, Henderson BE, Kardia SLR, Kooperberg C, Liu Y, Mosley TH, Psaty B, Wellons M, Windham BG, Zonderman AB, Cupples LA, Demerath EW, Haiman C, Murabito JM, Rajkovic A. Meta-analysis of loci associated with age at natural menopause in African-American women. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3327-42. [PMID: 24493794 PMCID: PMC4030781 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive life and its timing associates with risks for cancer, cardiovascular and bone disorders. GWAS and candidate gene studies conducted in women of European ancestry have identified 27 loci associated with age at menopause. The relevance of these loci to women of African ancestry has not been previously studied. We therefore sought to uncover additional menopause loci and investigate the relevance of European menopause loci by performing a GWAS meta-analysis in 6510 women with African ancestry derived from 11 studies across the USA. We did not identify any additional loci significantly associated with age at menopause in African Americans. We replicated the associations between six loci and age at menopause (P-value < 0.05): AMHR2, RHBLD2, PRIM1, HK3/UMC1, BRSK1/TMEM150B and MCM8. In addition, associations of 14 loci are directionally consistent with previous reports. We provide evidence that genetic variants influencing reproductive traits identified in European populations are also important in women of African ancestry residing in USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T L Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | | | - Jeanette S Andrews
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Jill Dreyfus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Guo Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kurt K Lohman
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Angela Britton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert G Brzyski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anne Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Sandra L Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Esther M John
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA Division of Clinical Informatics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kristin Marciante
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Robert Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nora L Nock
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaiyda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nancy F Woods
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Herman A Taylor
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington and Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Wellons
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Beverly G Windham
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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35
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Genome-wide association studies and epistasis analyses of candidate genes related to age at menarche and age at natural menopause in a Korean population. Menopause 2014; 21:522-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182a433f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Úbeda F, Ohtsuki H, Gardner A, Baalen M. Ecology drives intragenomic conflict over menopause. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:165-74. [PMID: 24320989 PMCID: PMC3912906 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life well before natural death. Rather than involving a smooth, rapid change, it is normally preceded by a long period of erratic hormonal fluctuation that is accompanied by a plethora of unpleasant symptoms. Here, we (1) suggest that this turbulent period owes to conflict, between a woman's maternally inherited (MI) and paternally inherited (PI) genes, over the trade-off between reproduction and communal care; (2) perform a theoretical analysis to show that this conflict is resolved either through silencing or fluctuating expression of one of the genes; (3) highlight which of the symptoms preceding menopause may result from antagonistic co-evolution of MI and PI genes; (4) argue that ecological differences between ancestral human populations may explain the variability in menopause among different ethnic groups; (5) discuss how these insights may be used to inform family planning and cancer risk assessment based on a woman's ancestral background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Úbeda
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of LondonEgham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hisashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesShonan Village, Kanagawa, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Andy Gardner
- School of Biology, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Minus Baalen
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of LondonEgham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesShonan Village, Kanagawa, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
- School of Biology, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
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Abstract
Ovarian reserve and its utilization, over a reproductive life span, are determined by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The establishment of the primordial follicle pool and the rate of primordial follicle activation have been under intense study to determine genetic factors that affect reproductive lifespan. Much has been learned from transgenic animal models about the developmental origins of the primordial follicle pool and mechanisms that lead to primordial follicle activation, folliculogenesis, and the maturation of a single oocyte with each menstrual cycle. Recent genome-wide association studies on the age of human menopause have identified approximately 20 loci, and shown the importance of factors involved in double-strand break repair and immunology. Studies to date from animal models and humans show that many genes determine ovarian aging, and that there is no single dominant allele yet responsible for depletion of the ovarian reserve. Personalized genomic approaches will need to take into account the high degree of genetic heterogeneity, family pedigree, and functional data of the genes critical at various stages of ovarian development to predict women's reproductive life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Wood
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
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Demerath EW, Liu CT, Franceschini N, Chen G, Palmer JR, Smith EN, Chen CTL, Ambrosone CB, Arnold AM, Bandera EV, Berenson GS, Bernstein L, Britton A, Cappola AR, Carlson CS, Chanock SJ, Chen W, Chen Z, Deming SL, Elks CE, Evans MK, Gajdos Z, Henderson BE, Hu JJ, Ingles S, John EM, Kerr KF, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Lu X, Millikan RC, Musani SK, Nock NL, North K, Nyante S, Press MF, Rodriquez-Gil JL, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Schork NJ, Srinivasan SR, Woods NF, Zheng W, Ziegler RG, Zonderman A, Heiss G, Gwen Windham B, Wellons M, Murray SS, Nalls M, Pastinen T, Rajkovic A, Hirschhorn J, Adrienne Cupples L, Kooperberg C, Murabito JM, Haiman CA. Genome-wide association study of age at menarche in African-American women. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3329-46. [PMID: 23599027 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African-American (AA) women have earlier menarche on average than women of European ancestry (EA), and earlier menarche is a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes among other chronic diseases. Identification of common genetic variants associated with age at menarche has a potential value in pointing to the genetic pathways underlying chronic disease risk, yet comprehensive genome-wide studies of age at menarche are lacking for AA women. In this study, we tested the genome-wide association of self-reported age at menarche with common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a total of 18 089 AA women in 15 studies using an additive genetic linear regression model, adjusting for year of birth and population stratification, followed by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (Stage 1). Top meta-analysis results were then tested in an independent sample of 2850 women (Stage 2). First, while no SNP passed the pre-specified P < 5 × 10(-8) threshold for significance in Stage 1, suggestive associations were found for variants near FLRT2 and PIK3R1, and conditional analysis identified two independent SNPs (rs339978 and rs980000) in or near RORA, strengthening the support for this suggestive locus identified in EA women. Secondly, an investigation of SNPs in 42 previously identified menarche loci in EA women demonstrated that 25 (60%) of them contained variants significantly associated with menarche in AA women. The findings provide the first evidence of cross-ethnic generalization of menarche loci identified to date, and suggest a number of novel biological links to menarche timing in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Carty CL, Spencer KL, Setiawan VW, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Malinowski J, Buyske S, Young A, Jorgensen NW, Cheng I, Carlson CS, Brown-Gentry K, Goodloe R, Park A, Parikh NI, Henderson B, Le Marchand L, Wactawski-Wende J, Fornage M, Matise TC, Hindorff LA, Arnold AM, Haiman CA, Franceschini N, Peters U, Crawford DC. Replication of genetic loci for ages at menarche and menopause in the multi-ethnic Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1695-706. [PMID: 23508249 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do genetic associations identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) replicate in women of diverse race/ancestry from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study? SUMMARY ANSWER We replicated GWAS reproductive trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in our European descent population and found that many SNPs were also associated with AM and ANM in populations of diverse ancestry. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Menarche and menopause mark the reproductive lifespan in women and are important risk factors for chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Both events are believed to be influenced by environmental and genetic factors, and vary in populations differing by genetic ancestry and geography. Most genetic variants associated with these traits have been identified in GWAS of European-descent populations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A total of 42 251 women of diverse ancestry from PAGE were included in cross-sectional analyses of AM and ANM. MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS SNPs previously associated with ANM (n = 5 SNPs) and AM (n = 3 SNPs) in GWAS were genotyped in American Indians, African Americans, Asians, European Americans, Hispanics and Native Hawaiians. To test SNP associations with ANM or AM, we used linear regression models stratified by race/ethnicity and PAGE sub-study. Results were then combined in race-specific fixed effect meta-analyses for each outcome. For replication and generalization analyses, significance was defined at P < 0.01 for ANM analyses and P < 0.017 for AM analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We replicated findings for AM SNPs in the LIN28B locus and an intergenic region on 9q31 in European Americans. The LIN28B SNPs (rs314277 and rs314280) were also significantly associated with AM in Asians, but not in other race/ethnicity groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns at this locus varied widely among the ancestral groups. With the exception of an intergenic SNP at 13q34, all ANM SNPs replicated in European Americans. Three were significantly associated with ANM in other race/ethnicity populations: rs2153157 (6p24.2/SYCP2L), rs365132 (5q35/UIMC1) and rs16991615 (20p12.3/MCM8). While rs1172822 (19q13/BRSK1) was not significant in the populations of non-European descent, effect sizes showed similar trends. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Lack of association for the GWAS SNPs in the non-European American groups may be due to differences in locus LD patterns between these groups and the European-descent populations included in the GWAS discovery studies; and in some cases, lower power may also contribute to non-significant findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The discovery of genetic variants associated with the reproductive traits provides an important opportunity to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved with normal variation and disorders of menarche and menopause. In this study we replicated most, but not all reported SNPs in European descent populations and examined the epidemiologic architecture of these early reported variants, describing their generalizability and effect size across differing ancestral populations. Such data will be increasingly important for prioritizing GWAS SNPs for follow-up in fine-mapping and resequencing studies, as well as in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Carty
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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