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Kamvuma K, Hamooya BM, Munsaka S, Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Mechanisms and Cardiorenal Complications of Chronic Anemia in People with HIV. Viruses 2024; 16:542. [PMID: 38675885 PMCID: PMC11053456 DOI: 10.3390/v16040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic anemia is more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to the general population. The mechanisms that drive chronic anemia in HIV are multifaceted and include functional impairment of hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulation of erythropoietin production, and persistent immune activation. Chronic inflammation from HIV infection adversely affects erythropoiesis, erythrocyte lifespan, and erythropoietin response, leading to a heightened risk of co-infections such as tuberculosis, persistent severe anemia, and increased mortality. Additionally, chronic anemia exacerbates the progression of HIV-associated nephrotoxicity and contributes to cardiovascular risk through immune activation and inflammation. This review highlights the cardinal role of chronic inflammation as a link connecting persistent anemia and cardiovascular complications in PLWH, emphasizing the need for a universal understanding of these interconnected pathways for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Kamvuma
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (K.K.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Benson M. Hamooya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (K.K.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Sody Munsaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O Box 50110, Zambia;
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (K.K.); (B.M.H.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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2
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Ottesen JT, Andersen M. Aging, Inflammation, and Comorbidity in Cancers-A General In Silico Study Exemplified by Myeloproliferative Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4806. [PMID: 37835500 PMCID: PMC10572046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We consider dormant, pre-cancerous states prevented from developing into cancer by the immune system. Inflammatory morbidity may compromise the immune system and cause the pre-cancer to escape into an actual cancerous development. The immune deficiency described is general, but the results may vary across specific cancers due to different variances (2) Methods: We formulate a general conceptual model to perform rigorous in silico consequence analysis. Relevant existing data for myeloproliferative malignancies from the literature are used to calibrate the in silico computations. (3) Results and conclusions: The hypothesis suggests a common physiological origin for many clinical and epidemiological observations in relation to cancers in general. Examples are the observed age-dependent prevalence for hematopoietic cancers, a general mechanism-based explanation for why the risk of cancer increases with age, and how somatic mutations in general, and specifically seen in screenings of citizens, sometimes are non-increased or even decrease when followed over time. The conceptual model is used to characterize different groups of citizens and patients, describing different treatment responses and development scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny T. Ottesen
- Mathematical Modeling—Human Health and Disease, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
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3
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Galloway-Peña JR, Jobin C. Microbiota Influences on Hematopoiesis and Blood Cancers: New Horizons? Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:267-275. [PMID: 37052501 PMCID: PMC10320642 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis governs the generation of immune cells through the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into various progenitor cells, a process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among extrinsic factors influencing hematopoiesis is the microbiota, or the collection of microorganisms present in various body sites. The microbiota has a profound impact on host homeostasis by virtue of its ability to release various molecules and structural components, which promote normal organ function. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies, as well as highlight important knowledge gaps to move this field of research forward. SIGNIFICANCE Microbiota dysfunction is associated with many pathologic conditions, including hematologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies. Understanding how the microbiota influences hematologic malignancies could have an important therapeutic impact for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Galloway-Peña
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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4
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Leśniak M, Lipniarska J, Majka P, Kopyt W, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. The Role of TRL7/8 Agonists in Cancer Therapy, with Special Emphasis on Hematologic Malignancies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020277. [PMID: 36851155 PMCID: PMC9967151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRR). TLR7 and the closely correlated TLR8 affiliate with toll-like receptors family, are located in endosomes. They recognize single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules and synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/RNA analogs-oligoribonucleotides. TLRs are primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. There is compiling evidence implying that TLRs also direct the formation of blood cellular components and make a contribution to the pathogenesis of certain hematopoietic malignancies. The latest research shows a positive effect of therapy with TRL agonists on the course of hemato-oncological diseases. Ligands impact activation of antigen-presenting cells which results in production of cytokines, transfer of mentioned cells to the lymphoid tissue and co-stimulatory surface molecules expression required for T-cell activation. Toll-like receptor agonists have already been used in oncology especially in the treatment of dermatological neoplastic lesions. The usage of these substances in the treatment of solid tumors is being investigated. The present review discusses the direct and indirect influence that TLR7/8 agonists, such as imiquimod, imidazoquinolines and resiquimod have on neoplastic cells and their promising role as adjuvants in anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leśniak
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Lipniarska
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Majka
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Kopyt
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Grusanovic S, Danek P, Kuzmina M, Adamcova MK, Burocziova M, Mikyskova R, Vanickova K, Kosanovic S, Pokorna J, Reinis M, Brdicka T, Alberich‐Jorda M. Chronic inflammation decreases HSC fitness by activating the druggable Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 24:e54729. [PMID: 36341527 PMCID: PMC9827550 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a major threat to human health since long-term systemic inflammation is known to affect distinct tissues and organs. Recently, solid evidence demonstrated that chronic inflammation affects hematopoiesis; however, how chronic inflammation affects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on the mechanistic level is poorly understood. Here, we employ a mouse model of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) to assess the effects of a spontaneously developed inflammatory condition on HSCs. We demonstrate that hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments in CMO BM contribute to HSC expansion and impair their function. Remarkably, our results suggest that the typical features of murine multifocal osteomyelitis and the HSC phenotype are mechanistically decoupled. We show that the CMO environment imprints a myeloid gene signature and imposes a pro-inflammatory profile on HSCs. We identify IL-6 and the Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway as critical mediators. However, while IL-6 and Stat3 blockage reduce HSC numbers in CMO mice, only inhibition of Stat3 activity significantly rescues their fitness. Our data emphasize the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation on stem cell function, opening new venues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Grusanovic
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueDepartment of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University in PragueUniversity Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Danek
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Maria Kuzmina
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslava K Adamcova
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueDepartment of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University in PragueUniversity Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Romana Mikyskova
- Department of Immunological and Tumor modelsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Karolina Vanickova
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Sladjana Kosanovic
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jana Pokorna
- Department of Leukocyte signalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Reinis
- Department of Immunological and Tumor modelsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Department of Leukocyte signalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Meritxell Alberich‐Jorda
- Department of Hemato‐OncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic,Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueDepartment of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University in PragueUniversity Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
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6
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Schürmann M, Goon P, Sudhoff H. Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:148. [PMID: 36123729 PMCID: PMC9487140 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40%), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review was targeted at connecting the dysregulated inflammatory network of MEC to pathogenesis and identification of pharmaceutical targets. We summarized the numerous basic research endeavors undertaken over the last 30+ years to identify the key targets in the dysregulated inflammatory pathways and judged the level of evidence for a given target if it was generated by in vitro, in vivo or clinical experiments. MEC pathogenesis was found to be connected to cytokines characteristic for Th1, Th17 and M1 cells. In addition, we found that the inflammation created damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which further promoted inflammation. Similar positive feedback loops have already been described for other Th1/Th17 driven inflammatory diseases (arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis). A wide-ranging search for molecular targeted therapies (MTT) led to the discovery of over a hundred clinically approved drugs already applied in precision medicine. Based on exclusion criteria designed to enable fast translation as well as efficacy, we condensed the numerous MTTs down to 13 top drugs. The review should serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history. Video Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) is a destructive and locally invasive ulcerated lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation which occurs in 10 out of 100,000 people annually. Surgical extraction/excision is the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40% after ten years), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review is focused on the connections between inflammation and MEC pathogenesis. These connections can be used as attack points for pharmaceuticals. For this we summarized the results of research undertaken over the last 30 + years. MEC pathogenesis can be described by specific inflammatory dysregulation already known from arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis. A hallmark of this dysregulation are positive feedback loops of the inflammation further amplifying itself in a vicious circle-like manner. We have identified over one hundred drugs which are already used in clinic to treat other inflammatory diseases, and could potentially be repurposed to treat MEC. To improve and expedite clinical success rates, we applied certain criteria based on our literature searches and condensed these drugs down to the 13 top drugs. We hope the review will serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Goon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.
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7
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Singh S, Sarkar T, Jakubison B, Gadomski S, Spradlin A, Gudmundsson KO, Keller JR. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins revealed as orchestrators of steady state, stress and malignant hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934624. [PMID: 35990659 PMCID: PMC9389078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian hematopoiesis is a dynamic cellular process that provides a continuous supply of myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid/megakaryocyte cells for host survival. This process is sustained by regulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) quiescence, proliferation and activation under homeostasis and stress, and regulating the proliferation and differentiation of downstream multipotent progenitor (MPP) and more committed progenitor cells. Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are small helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that lack a basic (b) DNA binding domain present in other family members, and function as dominant-negative regulators of other bHLH proteins (E proteins) by inhibiting their transcriptional activity. ID proteins are required for normal T cell, B cell, NK and innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cell, and myeloid cell differentiation and development. However, recent evidence suggests that ID proteins are important regulators of normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This chapter will review our current understanding of the function of ID proteins in HSPC development and highlight future areas of scientific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tanmoy Sarkar
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brad Jakubison
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Spradlin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kristbjorn O. Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)- Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan R. Keller,
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8
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is the remarkable process by which extremely rare, normally inactive cells of the bone marrow can replace an entire organ if called to do so by injury or harnessed by transplantation. HSC research is arguably the first quantitative single-cell science and the foundation of adult stem cell biology. Bone marrow transplant is the oldest and most refined technique of regenerative medicine. Here we review the intertwined history of the discovery of HSCs and bone marrow transplant, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HSC self-renewal, and the use of HSCs and their derivatives for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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9
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Barman PK, Goodridge HS. Microbial Sensing by Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:14-21. [PMID: 35511863 PMCID: PMC9072977 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Balanced production of immune cells is critical for the maintenance of steady-state immune surveillance, and increased production of myeloid cells is sometimes necessary to eliminate pathogens. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) sensing of commensal microbes and invading pathogens has a notable impact on hematopoiesis. In this review, we examine how commensal microbes regulate bone marrow HSPC activity to maintain balanced hematopoiesis in the steady state, and how HSPCs proliferate and differentiate during emergency myelopoiesis in response to infection. HSPCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors and cytokine receptors that they use to sense the presence of microbes, either directly via detection of microbial components and metabolites, or indirectly by responding to cytokines produced by other host cells. We describe direct and indirect mechanisms of microbial sensing by HSPCs and highlight evidence demonstrating long-term effects of acute and chronic microbial stimuli on HSPCs. We also discuss a possible connection between myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and elevated levels of circulating microbiome-derived components in the context of aging and metabolic stress. Finally, we highlight the prospect of trained immunity-based vaccines that could exploit microbial stimulation of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Helen S. Goodridge, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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10
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Paudel S, Ghimire L, Jin L, Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Regulation of emergency granulopoiesis during infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961601. [PMID: 36148240 PMCID: PMC9485265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system rapidly responds to the demand by turning from steady state to emergency granulopoiesis to expedite neutrophil generation in the bone marrow (BM). How the hematopoietic system integrates pathogenic and inflammatory stress signals into the molecular cues of emergency granulopoiesis has been the subject of investigations. Recent studies in the field have highlighted emerging concepts, including the direct sensing of pathogens by BM resident or sentinel hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the crosstalk of HSPCs, endothelial cells, and stromal cells to convert signals to granulopoiesis, and the identification of novel inflammatory molecules, such as C/EBP-β, ROS, IL-27, IFN-γ, CXCL1 with direct effects on HSPCs. In this review, we will provide a detailed account of emerging concepts while reassessing well-established cellular and molecular players of emergency granulopoiesis. While providing our views on the discrepant results and theories, we will postulate an updated model of granulopoiesis in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Paudel
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liliang Jin
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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11
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Hematopoiesis and innate immunity: an inseparable couple for good and bad times, bound together by an hormetic relationship. Leukemia 2022; 36:23-32. [PMID: 34853440 PMCID: PMC8727304 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic and immune cells originate from a common hematopoietic/lymphopoietic stem cell what explains that these different cell types often share the same receptors and respond to similar factors. Moreover, the common goal of both lineages is to ensure tissue homeostasis under steady-state conditions, fight invading pathogens, and promote tissue repair. We will highlight accumulating evidence that innate and adaptive immunity modulate several aspects of hematopoiesis within the hormetic zone in which the biological response to low exposure to potential stressors generally is favorable and benefits hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Innate immunity impact on hematopoiesis is pleiotropic and involves both the cellular arm, comprised of innate immunity cells, and the soluble arm, whose major component is the complement cascade (ComC). In addition, several mediators released by innate immunity cells, including inflammatory cytokines and small antimicrobial cationic peptides, affect hematopoiesis. There are intriguing observations that HSPCs and immune cells share several cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosol-expressed NOD, NOD-like, and RIG-I-like receptors and thus can be considered "pathogen sensors". In addition, not only lymphocytes but also HSPCs express functional intracellular complement proteins, defined as complosome which poses challenging questions for further investigation of the intracellular ComC-mediated intracrine regulation of hematopoiesis.
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12
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Li S, Yao JC, Li JT, Schmidt AP, Link DC. TLR7/8 agonist treatment induces an increase in bone marrow resident dendritic cells and hematopoietic progenitor expansion and mobilization. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:35-43.e7. [PMID: 33556431 PMCID: PMC9900459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence suggesting that toll-like receptor (TLR) signals play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TLR7/8 stimulation induces the myeloid differentiation of normal HSPCs and acute myeloid leukemia cells. However, the in vivo effect of TLR7/8 agonists on hematopoiesis is largely unknown. Here, we show that, similar to TLR4 and TLR2, treatment with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 induces an expansion of phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with reduced repopulating potential and HSPC mobilization. In contrast to chronic TLR4 stimulation, treatment with R848 for 5 days did not induce a significant increase in myeloid-biased HSCs. Treatment with R848 results in a significant increase in classic dendritic cells (DCs) in the bone marrow, but a decrease in common dendritic cell progenitors and pre-DCs. Phenotypic analysis of DCs revealed that R848 treatment is associated with altered expression of certain chemokines, activation markers, and migratory receptors. Together, these data indicate that systemic administration of a TLR7/8 agonist has unique effects on hematopoiesis, including the expansion of DCs in the bone marrow, that might have clinical relevance to augment responses to certain immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medial University, Beijing, China
| | - Juo-Chin Yao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin T. Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy P. Schmidt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Solorzano S, Kim J, Chen J, Feng X, Young NS. Minimal role of interleukin 6 and toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in murine models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248343. [PMID: 33711076 PMCID: PMC7954294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune aplastic anemia (AA) results from T cell attack on hematopoietic cells, resulting in bone marrow hypocellularity and pancytopenia. Animal models have been successfully developed to study pathophysiological mechanisms in AA. While we have systemically defined the critical components of the adaptive immune response in the pathogenesis of immune marrow failure using this model, the role of innate immunity has not been fully investigated. Here, we demonstrate that lymph node (LN) cells from B6-based donor mice carrying IL-6, TLR2, or TLR4 gene deletions were fully functional in inducing severe pancytopenia and bone marrow failure (BMF) when infused into MHC-mismatched CByB6F1 recipients. Conversely, B6-based recipient mice with IL-6, TLR2, and TLR4 deletion backgrounds were all susceptible to immune-mediated BMF relative to wild-type B6 recipients following infusion of MHC-mismatched LN cells from FVB donors, but the disease appeared more severe in IL-6 deficient mice. We conclude that IL-6, TLR2, and TLR4, molecular elements important in maintenance of normal innate immunity, have limited roles in a murine model of immune-mediated BMF. Rather, adaptive immunity appears to be the major contributor to the animal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Solorzano
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Neal S. Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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14
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Asxl1 C-terminal mutation perturbs neutrophil differentiation in zebrafish. Leukemia 2021; 35:2299-2310. [PMID: 33483612 PMCID: PMC8324474 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in malignant myeloid diseases. In patients with myeloid malignancies, ASXL1 mutations are usually heterozygous frameshift or nonsense mutations leading to C-terminal truncation. Current disease models have predominantly total loss of ASXL1 or overexpressed C-terminal truncations. These models cannot fully recapitulate leukemogenesis and disease progression. We generated an endogenous C-terminal-truncated Asxl1 mutant in zebrafish that mimics human myeloid malignancies. At the embryonic stage, neutrophil differentiation was explicitly blocked. At 6 months, mutants initially exhibited a myelodysplastic syndrome-like phenotype with neutrophilic dysplasia. At 1 year, about 13% of mutants further acquired the phenotype of monocytosis, which mimics chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or increased progenitors, which mimics acute myeloid leukemia. These features are comparable to myeloid malignancy progression in humans. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis, inhibitor treatment, and rescue assays indicated that asxl1-induced neutrophilic dysplasia was associated with reduced expression of bmi1a, a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 and a reported myeloid leukemia-associated gene. Our model demonstrated that neutrophilic dysplasia caused by asxl1 mutation is a foundation for the progression of myeloid malignancies, and illustrated a possible effect of the Asxl1-Bmi1a axis on regulating neutrophil development.
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15
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Sezaki M, Hayashi Y, Wang Y, Johansson A, Umemoto T, Takizawa H. Immuno-Modulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585367. [PMID: 33329562 PMCID: PMC7732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong blood production is maintained by bone marrow (BM)-residing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are defined by two special properties: multipotency and self-renewal. Since dysregulation of either may lead to a differentiation block or extensive proliferation causing dysplasia or neoplasia, the genomic integrity and cellular function of HSCs must be tightly controlled and preserved by cell-intrinsic programs and cell-extrinsic environmental factors of the BM. The BM had been long regarded an immune-privileged organ shielded from immune insults and inflammation, and was thereby assumed to provide HSCs and immune cells with a protective environment to ensure blood and immune homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that hemato-immune challenges such as autoimmunity, inflammation or infection elicit a broad spectrum of immunological reactions in the BM, and in turn, influence the function of HSCs and BM environmental cells. Moreover, in analogy with the emerging concept of “trained immunity”, certain infection-associated stimuli are able to train HSCs and progenitors to produce mature immune cells with enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, and in some cases, form an inflammatory or infectious memory in HSCs themselves. In this review, we will introduce recent findings on HSC and hematopoietic regulation upon exposure to various hemato-immune stimuli and discuss how these challenges can elicit either beneficial or detrimental outcomes on HSCs and the hemato-immune system, as well as their relevance to aging and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sezaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alban Johansson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Smith MA, Culver-Cochran AE, Adelman ER, Rhyasen GW, Ma A, Figueroa ME, Starczynowski DT. TNFAIP3 Plays a Role in Aging of the Hematopoietic System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:536442. [PMID: 33224133 PMCID: PMC7670064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.536442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) experience a functional decline in response to chronic inflammation or aging. Haploinsufficiency of A20, or TNFAIP3, an innate immune regulator, is associated with a variety of autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematologic malignancies. Based on a prior analysis of epigenomic and transcriptomic changes during normal human aging, we find that the expression of A20 is significantly reduced in aged HSPC as compared to young HSPC. Here, we show that the partial reduction of A20 expression in young HSPC results in characteristic features of aging. Specifically, heterozygous deletion of A20 in hematopoietic cells resulted in expansion of the HSPC pool, reduced HSPC fitness, and myeloid-biased hematopoiesis. These findings suggest that altered expression of A20 in HSPC contributes to an aging-like phenotype, and that there may be a common underlying mechanism for diminished HSPC function between inflammatory states and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Smith
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ashley E Culver-Cochran
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emmalee R Adelman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Garrett W Rhyasen
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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17
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Sioud M. Microbial sensing by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Vigilance against infections and immune education of myeloid cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12957. [PMID: 32767789 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) express pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense microbial products and activation of these innate immune receptors induces cytokine expression and redirects bone marrow haematopoiesis towards the increased production of myeloid cells. Secreted cytokines by HSPCs in response to TLR ligands can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner to regulate haematopoiesis. Moreover, tonic activation of HSPCs by microbiota-derived compounds might educate HSPCs to produce superior myeloid cells equipped with innate memory responses to combat pathogens. While haematopoietic stem cell activation through TLRs meets the increased demand for blood leucocytes to protect the host against infection, persistent exposure to inflammatory cytokines or microbial products might impair their function and even induce malignant transformation. This review highlights the potential outcomes of HSPCs in response to TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, Norway
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The innate immune system is essential in the protection against microbial infection and facilitating tissue repair mechanisms. During these stresses, the maintenance of innate immune cell numbers through stress-induced or emergency hematopoiesis is key for our survival. One major mechanism to recognize danger signals is through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC), and nonhematopoietic cells, which recognize pathogen-derived or damaged-induced compounds and can influence the emergency hematopoietic response. This review explores how direct pathogen-sensing by HSC/HPC regulates hematopoiesis, and the positive and negative consequences of these signals. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted new roles for TLRs in regulating HSC and HPC differentiation to innate immune cells of both myeloid and lymphoid origin and augmenting HSC and HPC migration capabilities. Most interestingly, new insights as to how acute versus chronic stimulation of TLR signaling regulates HSC and HPC function has been explored. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that TLRs may play an important role in many inflammation-associated diseases. This suggests a possible use for TLR agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutics. Understanding the direct effects of TLR signaling by HSC and HPC may help regulate inflammatory/danger signal-driven emergency hematopoiesis.
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19
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Defective negative regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling leads to excessive TNF-α in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood Adv 2020; 3:122-131. [PMID: 30647074 PMCID: PMC6341195 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have high levels of inflammatory cytokines, some of which drive many of the debilitating constitutional symptoms associated with the disease and may also promote expansion of the neoplastic clone. We report here that monocytes from patients with MPN have defective negative regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling that leads to unrestrained production of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) after TLR activation. Specifically, monocytes of patients with MPN are insensitive to the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) that negatively regulates TLR-induced TNF-α production. This inability to respond to IL-10 is a not a direct consequence of JAK2 V617F , as the phenotype of persistent TNF-α production is a feature of JAK2 V617F and wild-type monocytes alike from JAK2 V617F -positive patients. Moreover, persistent TNF-α production was also discovered in the unaffected identical twin of a patient with MPN, suggesting it could be an intrinsic feature of those predisposed to acquire MPN. This work implicates sustained TLR signaling as not only a contributor to the chronic inflammatory state of MPN patients but also a potential predisposition to acquire MPN.
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20
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UM171 induces a homeostatic inflammatory-detoxification response supporting human HSC self-renewal. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224900. [PMID: 31703090 PMCID: PMC6839847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular cues required to balance adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is critical for advancing cellular therapies. Herein, we report that the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal agonist UM171 triggers a balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory/detoxification network that relies on NFKB activation and protein C receptor-dependent ROS detoxification, respectively. We demonstrate that within this network, EPCR serves as a critical protective component as its deletion hypersensitizes primitive hematopoietic cells to pro-inflammatory signals and ROS accumulation resulting in compromised stem cell function. Conversely, abrogation of the pro-inflammatory activity of UM171 through treatment with dexamethasone, cAMP elevating agents or NFkB inhibitors abolishes EPCR upregulation and HSC expansion. Together, these results show that UM171 stimulates ex vivo HSC expansion by establishing a critical balance between key pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of self-renewal.
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21
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Lee SCW, North K, Kim E, Jang E, Obeng E, Lu SX, Liu B, Inoue D, Yoshimi A, Ki M, Yeo M, Zhang XJ, Kim MK, Cho H, Chung YR, Taylor J, Durham BH, Kim YJ, Pastore A, Monette S, Palacino J, Seiler M, Buonamici S, Smith PG, Ebert BL, Bradley RK, Abdel-Wahab O. Synthetic Lethal and Convergent Biological Effects of Cancer-Associated Spliceosomal Gene Mutations. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:225-241.e8. [PMID: 30107174 PMCID: PMC6373472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations affecting RNA splicing factors are the most common genetic alterations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and occur in a mutually exclusive manner. The basis for the mutual exclusivity of these mutations and how they contribute to MDS is not well understood. Here we report that although different spliceosome gene mutations impart distinct effects on splicing, they are negatively selected for when co-expressed due to aberrant splicing and downregulation of regulators of hematopoietic stem cell survival and quiescence. In addition to this synthetic lethal interaction, mutations in the splicing factors SF3B1 and SRSF2 share convergent effects on aberrant splicing of mRNAs that promote nuclear factor κB signaling. These data identify shared consequences of splicing-factor mutations and the basis for their mutual exclusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chun-Wei Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Khrystyna North
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop: M1-B514, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eunhee Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Obeng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sydney X Lu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Ki
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mirae Yeo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Jing Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hana Cho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young Rock Chung
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young Joon Kim
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alessandro Pastore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop: M1-B514, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman 701, 408 East 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Craver BM, El Alaoui K, Scherber RM, Fleischman AG. The Critical Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040104. [PMID: 29614027 PMCID: PMC5923359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain an organism's immune system for a lifetime, and derangements in HSC proliferation and differentiation result in hematologic malignancies. Chronic inflammation plays a contributory if not causal role in HSC dysfunction. Inflammation induces HSC exhaustion, which promotes the emergence of mutant clones that may be resistant to an inflammatory microenvironment; this likely promotes the onset of a myeloid hematologic malignancy. Inflammatory cytokines are characteristically high in patients with myeloid malignancies and are linked to disease initiation, symptom burden, disease progression, and worsened prognostic survival. This review will cover our current understanding of the role of inflammation in the initiation, progression, and complications of myeloid hematologic malignancies, drawing from clinical studies as well as murine models. We will also highlight inflammation as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Craver
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Kenza El Alaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Robyn M Scherber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mays MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Angela G Fleischman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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23
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Hsp90 Inhibition Reduces TLR5 Surface Expression and NF- κB Activation in Human Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4319369. [PMID: 29651431 PMCID: PMC5832108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4319369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumors highly express active heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which is involved in tumor survival and progression. Enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 expression and signaling were reported to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. In the present study, we investigated the possible modulatory effects of Hsp90 inhibitors on TLR5 expression and signaling in the human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) or the Hsp70 inhibitor VER155008, followed by stimulation with bacterial flagellin. Flagellin-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was significantly reduced by treatment with GA or VER155008. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect, mRNA and cell surface expression of TLR5 was examined. TLR5 mRNA expression was enhanced by both GA and VER155008, whereas cell surface expression of TLR5 was reduced by three different Hsp90 inhibitors, including GA, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, and radicicol, and an Hsp70 inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of Hsp90 inhibitors was much higher than that of Hsp70 inhibitor. Our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors suppress TLR5 surface expression and activation of NF-κB in THP-1 cells in response to TLR5 ligand, and these inhibitory effects may be associated with the possible mechanisms by which Hsp90 inhibitors suppress myeloid leukemia.
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24
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Khajeh Alizadeh Attar M, Anwar MA, Eskian M, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Choi S, Rezaei N. Basic understanding and therapeutic approaches to target toll-like receptors in cancerous microenvironment and metastasis. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1469-1484. [PMID: 29283184 DOI: 10.1002/med.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane components that sense danger signals, like damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules, as receptors, and maintain homeostasis in tissues. They are mainly involved in immune system activation through a variety of mediators, which either carry out (1) elimination of pathogenic threats and redressing homeostatic imbalances or (2) contribution to the initiation and worsening of pathological conditions, including cancers. Under physiological conditions, TLRs coordinate the innate and adaptive immunity, and inhibit autoimmune disorders. In pathological conditions, such as cancer, they can present both tumor and receptor-specific roles. Although the roles of individual TLRs in various cancers have been described, the effects of targeting TLRs to treat cancer and prevent metastasis are still controversial. A growing body of literature has suggested contribution of both activators and inhibitors of TLR signaling pathway for cancer treatment, dependent on several context-specific factors. In short, TLRs can play dual roles with contradictory outcomes in neoplastic conditions. This hampers the development of TLR-based therapeutic interventions. A better understanding of the interwoven TLR pathways in cancerous microenvironment is necessary to design TLR-based therapies. In this review, we consider the molecular mechanisms of TLRs signaling and their involvement in tumor progression. Therapeutic modalities targeting TLRs for cancer treatment are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khajeh Alizadeh Attar
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, United Kingdom
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25
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Hemmati S, Haque T, Gritsman K. Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Preleukemic and Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:265. [PMID: 29181334 PMCID: PMC5693908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare subset of bone marrow cells that usually exist in a quiescent state, only entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood compartment, thereby limiting the potential for errors in replication. Inflammatory signals that are released in response to environmental stressors, such as infection, trigger active cycling of HSCs. These inflammatory signals can also directly induce HSCs to release cytokines into the bone marrow environment, promoting myeloid differentiation. After stress myelopoiesis is triggered, HSCs require intracellular signaling programs to deactivate this response and return to steady state. Prolonged or excessive exposure to inflammatory cytokines, such as in prolonged infection or in chronic rheumatologic conditions, can lead to continued HSC cycling and eventual HSC loss. This promotes bone marrow failure, and can precipitate preleukemic states or leukemia through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes in HSCs. This can occur through the initiation of clonal hematopoiesis, followed by the emergence preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs). In this review, we describe the roles of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways in the generation of pre-LSCs and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML, activation of some inflammatory signaling pathways can promote the cycling and differentiation of LSCs, and this can be exploited therapeutically. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating inflammatory signaling for the treatment of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayda Hemmati
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tamanna Haque
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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Jose SS, Bendickova K, Kepak T, Krenova Z, Fric J. Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28928745 PMCID: PMC5591428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bendickova
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Kepak
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Fric
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Abstract
Immune surveillance comprising of adaptive and innate immune systems is naturally designed to eliminate cancer development; overexpression of inhibitory receptors and their ligands prevent this check and lead to evasion and hence cancer progression and metastasis. The use of tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting these checkpoint regulators is promising and has led to this novel field of cancer immunotherapy. The first antibody directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), ipilimumab, showed promising results in clinical trials and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in 2011. Since then, various other immune checkpoint inhibitors are being studied in preclinical and clinical trial phases, targeting programmed-death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), T cell lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), and others. Results from clinical trials are promising, and currently this approach has proven effective and safe in patients with solid tumors and some hematological malignancies in adults. In general, CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors are well tolerated; however, the augmented immune response enabled by this class of agents is associated with a unique group of side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Experience in pediatrics using immune checkpoint inhibitors for hematological malignancies is limited to Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as in the ongoing Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol ADVL1412. Therapeutic advances in childhood leukemia and lymphoma (TACL) consortium will initiate an early phase clinical trial with PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the next few months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Davis
- a Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California
| | - Archana M Agarwal
- b Department of Pathology , University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anupam R Verma
- c Primary Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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Li G, Zhao J, Cheng L, Jiang Q, Kan S, Qin E, Tu B, Zhang X, Zhang L, Su L, Zhang Z. HIV-1 infection depletes human CD34+CD38- hematopoietic progenitor cells via pDC-dependent mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006505. [PMID: 28759657 PMCID: PMC5552321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in patients leads to multi-lineage hematopoietic abnormalities or pancytopenia. The deficiency in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induced by HIV-1 infection has been proposed, but the relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. We report here that both human CD34+CD38- early and CD34+CD38+ intermediate HPCs were maintained in the bone marrow (BM) of humanized mice. Chronic HIV-1 infection preferentially depleted CD34+CD38- early HPCs in the BM and reduced their proliferation potential in vivo in both HIV-1-infected patients and humanized mice, while CD34+CD38+ intermediate HSCs were relatively unaffected. Strikingly, depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) prevented human CD34+CD38- early HPCs from HIV-1 infection-induced depletion and functional impairment and restored the gene expression profile of purified CD34+ HPCs in humanized mice. These findings suggest that pDCs contribute to the early hematopoietic suppression induced by chronic HIV-1 infection and provide a novel therapeutic target for the hematopoiesis suppression in HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Qi Jiang
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sheng Kan
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enqiang Qin
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lishan Su
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Stem and progenitor cell alterations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2017; 129:1586-1594. [PMID: 28159737 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-696062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) arise from a small population of disease-initiating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that persist and expand through conventional therapies and are major contributors to disease progression and relapse. MDS stem and progenitor cells are characterized by key founder and driver mutations and are enriched for cytogenetic alterations. Quantitative alterations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers are also seen in a stage-specific manner in human MDS samples as well as in murine models of the disease. Overexpression of several markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), CD99, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3, and CD123 have begun to differentiate MDS HSPCs from healthy counterparts. Overactivation of innate immune components such as Toll-like receptors, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6, IL8/CXCR2, and IL1RAP signaling pathways has been demonstrated in MDS HSPCs and is being targeted therapeutically in preclinical and early clinical studies. Other dysregulated pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulinlike and EGF-like domains 1/angiopoietin-1, p21-activated kinase, microRNA 21, and transforming growth factor β are also being explored as therapeutic targets against MDS HSPCs. Taken together, these studies have demonstrated that MDS stem cells are functionally critical for the initiation, transformation, and relapse of disease and need to be targeted therapeutically for future curative strategies in MDSs.
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Monlish DA, Bhatt ST, Schuettpelz LG. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:390. [PMID: 27733853 PMCID: PMC5039188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Monlish
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Sima T Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Herman AC, Monlish DA, Romine MP, Bhatt ST, Zippel S, Schuettpelz LG. Systemic TLR2 agonist exposure regulates hematopoietic stem cells via cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e437. [PMID: 27315114 PMCID: PMC5141360 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a member of the TLR family of receptors that play a central role in innate immunity. In addition to regulating effector immune cells, where it recognizes a wide variety of pathogen-associated and nonpathogen-associated endogenous ligands, TLR2 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Its role in HSCs, however, is not well understood. Furthermore, augmented TLR2 signaling is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome, an HSC disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a high risk of transformation to leukemia, suggesting that aberrant signaling through this receptor may have clinically significant effects on HSCs. Herein, we show that systemic exposure of mice to a TLR2 agonist leads to an expansion of bone marrow and spleen phenotypic HSCs and progenitors, but a loss of HSC self-renewal capacity. Treatment of chimeric animals shows that these effects are largely cell non-autonomous, with a minor contribution from cell-autonomous TLR2 signaling, and are in part mediated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. Together, these data suggest that TLR2 ligand exposure influences HSC cycling and function via unique mechanisms from TLR4, and support an important role for TLR2 in the regulation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Herman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - D A Monlish
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M P Romine
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S T Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Zippel
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew and also give rise to the entire repertoire of hematopoietic cells. During acute infectious and inflammatory stresses, the hematopoietic system can quickly adapt to demand by increasing output of innate immune cells many-fold, often at the expense of lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis. We review recent advances in understanding the regulation of stress-induced hematopoiesis with a specific focus on the direct effects of inflammatory signaling on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted several areas of exciting new developments in the field, including the complex interaction and crosstalk within HSPCs and between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells needed to achieve regulated myelopoiesis, identification of increased number of inflammatory and infectious molecules with direct effects on HSPCs, the critical role of inflammatory signaling on embryonic specification of hematopoietic stem cells, and the ability of cytokines to instruct lineage choice at the HSPC level. SUMMARY These exciting new findings will shape our fundamental understanding of how inflammatory signaling regulates hematopoiesis in health and disease, and facilitate the development of potential interventions to treat hematologic diseases associated with altered inflammatory signaling.
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Tsuboi I, Harada T, Hirabayashi Y, Kanno J, Aizawa S. Differential Regulation of Lympho-Myelopoiesis by Stromal Cells in the Early and Late Phases in BALB/c Mice Repeatedly Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1939-1947. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tsuboi
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Harada
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Yoko Hirabayashi
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Division, National Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun Kanno
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Division, National Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shin Aizawa
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine
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Deconstructing innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:587-598. [PMID: 26143580 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of immune-related genes is widely reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and chronic immune stimulation increases the risk for developing MDS. Aberrant innate immune activation, such as that caused by increased toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, in MDS can contribute to systemic effects on hematopoiesis, in addition to cell-intrinsic defects on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) function. This review will deconstruct aberrant function of TLR signaling mediators within MDS HSPCs that may contribute to cell-intrinsic consequences on hematopoiesis and disease pathogenesis. We will discuss the contribution of chronic TLR signaling to the pathogenesis of MDS based on evidence from patients and mouse genetic models.
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Zhao Y, Ling F, Griffin TM, He T, Towner R, Ruan H, Sun XH. Up-regulation of the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) genes in white adipose tissue of Id1 protein-deficient mice: implications in the protection against diet and age-induced glucose intolerance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29112-22. [PMID: 25190816 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Id1, a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that inhibits the function of basic HLH E protein transcription factors in lymphoid cells, has been implicated in diet- and age-induced obesity by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that Id1-deficient mice are resistant to a high fat diet- and age-induced obesity, as revealed by reduced weight gain and body fat, increased lipid oxidation, attenuated hepatosteatosis, lower levels of lipid droplets in brown adipose tissue, and smaller white adipocytes after a high fat diet feeding or in aged animals. Id1 deficiency improves glucose tolerance, lowers serum insulin levels, and reduces TNFα gene expression in white adipose tissue. Id1 deficiency also increased expression of Sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy expenditure, in the white adipose tissue. This effect was accompanied by the elevation of several genes encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, such as cytochrome c, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and adipocyte protein 2. Moreover, the phenotype for Id1 deficiency was similar to that of mice expressing an E protein dominant-positive construct, ET2, suggesting that the balance between Id and E proteins plays a role in regulating lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- From the Program in Immunobiology and Cancer Research
| | - Flora Ling
- From the Program in Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Department of Cell Biology and
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Program in Free Radical Biology and Aging, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, and
| | - Ting He
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Rheal Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Hong Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- From the Program in Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Department of Cell Biology and
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines: emerging players regulating HSC function in normal and diseased hematopoiesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:248-54. [PMID: 25149680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the hierarchical process in which all lineages of blood cells are produced by self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM). While the regulatory factors that maintain proper HSC function and lineage output under normal conditions are well understood, significantly less is known about how HSC fate is regulated in response to inflammation or disease. As many blood disorders are associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, significant interest has emerged in understanding the impact of these factors on HSC function. In this review we highlight key advances demonstrating the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the biology of HSCs and the BM niche, and address ongoing questions regarding their role in normal and pathogenic hematopoiesis.
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G-CSF regulates hematopoietic stem cell activity, in part, through activation of Toll-like receptor signaling. Leukemia 2014; 28:1851-60. [PMID: 24518205 PMCID: PMC4130805 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that inflammatory signals regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is often induced with infection and plays a key role in the stress granulopoiesis response. However, its effects on HSCs are less clear. Herein, we show that treatment with G-CSF induces expansion and increased quiescence of phenotypic HSCs, but causes a marked, cell-autonomous HSC repopulating defect associated with induction of toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling. The G-CSF-mediated expansion of HSCs is reduced in mice lacking TLR2, TLR4 or the TLR signaling adaptor MyD88. Induction of HSC quiescence is abrogated in mice lacking MyD88 or in mice treated with antibiotics to suppress intestinal flora. Finally, loss of TLR4 or germ free conditions mitigates the G-CSF-mediated HSC repopulating defect. These data suggest that low level TLR agonist production by commensal flora contributes to the regulation of HSC function and that G-CSF negatively regulates HSCs, in part, by enhancing TLR signaling.
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Abstract
The family of inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins is a group of evolutionarily conserved molecules, which play important regulatory roles in organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Id proteins are small polypeptides harboring a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif, which are best known to mediate dimerization with other basic HLH proteins, primarily E proteins. Because Id proteins do not possess the basic amino acids adjacent to the HLH motif necessary for DNA binding, Id proteins inhibit the function of E protein homodimers, as well as heterodimers between E proteins and tissue-specific bHLH proteins. However, Id proteins have also been shown to have E protein-independent functions. The Id genes are broadly but differentially expressed in a variety of cell types. Transcription of the Id genes is controlled by transcription factors such as C/EBPβ and Egr as well as by signaling pathways triggered by different stimuli, which include bone morphogenic proteins, cytokines, and ligands of T cell receptors. In general, Id proteins are capable of inhibiting the differentiation of progenitors of different cell types, promoting cell-cycle progression, delaying cellular senescence, and facilitating cell migration. These properties of Id proteins enable them to play significant roles in stem cell maintenance, vasculogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. In this review, we intend to highlight the current understanding of the function of Id proteins and discuss gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms whereby Id proteins exert their diverse effects in multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ling
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bin Kang
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Schuettpelz LG, Link DC. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell activity by inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:204. [PMID: 23882270 PMCID: PMC3715736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are quiescent cells with self-renewal capacity and the ability to generate all mature blood cells. HSCs normally reside in specialized niches in the bone marrow that help maintain their quiescence and long-term repopulating activity. There is emerging evidence that certain cytokines induced during inflammation have significant effects on HSCs in the bone marrow. Type I and II interferons, tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly stimulate HSC proliferation and differentiation, thereby increasing the short-term output of mature effector leukocytes. However, chronic inflammatory cytokine signaling can lead to HSC exhaustion and may contribute the development of hematopoietic malignancies. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as G-CSF can also indirectly affect HSCs by altering the bone marrow microenvironment, disrupting the stem cell niche, and leading to HSC mobilization into the blood. Herein, we review our current understanding of the effects of inflammatory mediators on HSCs, and we discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings with respect to bone marrow failure and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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