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Nyanyo DD, Mikamoto M, Galbiati F, Remba-Shapiro I, Bode K, Schoenfeld S, Jones PS, Swearingen B, Nachtigall LB. Autoimmune Disorders Associated With Surgical Remission of Cushing's Disease : A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:315-323. [PMID: 38373302 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation. Autoimmune disease may occur after remission of Cushing's disease (CD). However, the development of autoimmune disease in this context is not well described. OBJECTIVE To determine 1) the incidence of autoimmune disease in patients with CD after surgical remission compared with patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and 2) the clinical presentation of and risk factors for development of autoimmune disease in CD after remission. DESIGN Retrospective matched cohort analysis. SETTING Academic medical center/pituitary center. PATIENTS Patients with CD with surgical remission and surgically treated NFPA. MEASUREMENTS Cumulative incidence of new-onset autoimmune disease at 3 years after surgery. Assessment for hypercortisolemia included late-night salivary cortisol levels, 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC) ratio (UFC value divided by the upper limit of the normal range for the assay), and dexamethasone suppression tests. RESULTS Cumulative incidence of new-onset autoimmune disease at 3 years after surgery was higher in patients with CD (10.4% [95% CI, 5.7% to 15.1%]) than in those with NFPAs (1.6% [CI, 0% to 4.6%]) (hazard ratio, 7.80 [CI, 2.88 to 21.10]). Patients with CD showed higher prevalence of postoperative adrenal insufficiency (93.8% vs. 16.5%) and lower postoperative nadir serum cortisol levels (63.8 vs. 282.3 nmol/L) than patients with NFPAs. Compared with patients with CD without autoimmune disease, those who developed autoimmune disease had a lower preoperative 24-hour UFC ratio (2.7 vs. 6.3) and a higher prevalence of family history of autoimmune disease (41.2% vs. 20.9%). LIMITATION The small sample of patients with autoimmune disease limited identification of independent risk factors. CONCLUSION Patients achieving surgical remission of CD have higher incidence of autoimmune disease than age- and sex-matched patients with NFPAs. Family history of autoimmune disease is a potential risk factor. Adrenal insufficiency may be a trigger. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Recordati Rare Diseases Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Delasi Nyanyo
- The Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.N., F.G., I.R., K.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Masaaki Mikamoto
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.M., P.S.J., B.S.)
| | - Francesca Galbiati
- The Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.N., F.G., I.R., K.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Ilan Remba-Shapiro
- The Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.N., F.G., I.R., K.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Kevin Bode
- The Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.N., F.G., I.R., K.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Sara Schoenfeld
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.)
| | - Pamela S Jones
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.M., P.S.J., B.S.)
| | - Brooke Swearingen
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.M., P.S.J., B.S.)
| | - Lisa B Nachtigall
- The Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.N., F.G., I.R., K.B., L.B.N.)
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Zhang S, Sun Y, Wang J, Lu Y, Yuan H, Zong Y, Zhu H, Tang Y, Sun Y, Zheng F, Li Y. Shuyu decoction exhibits anti-fatigue properties via alleviating exercise-induced immune dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117259. [PMID: 37783410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shuyu decoction (SYD), an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used for treating deficiency-related diseases for thousands of years. Meanwhile, exercise-induced fatigue (EF), a common physiological phenomenon observed in physical training, has been treated as a deficient condition in TCM for decades. Currently, not many studies have been conducted on the effect of SYD on EF and little is known about its underlying pharmacological mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY This current study was designed to assess the anti-fatigue roles of SYD and explore its effect on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, model (M) group, and SYD group (27.8 g/kg). The M and SYD group were given treadmill training for 6 weeks. From the fourth week, the SYD group was administered SYD intragastrically for 3 consecutive weeks. After three weeks of treatment, the rats were anesthetized, and the blood and spleen tissue samples were dissected. The blood sample was devoted to the blood biochemical-related indicators, which were used to evaluate the anti-fatigue of SYD. The expression of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-17, CD3+, and CD4+ were detected by ELISA and the level of CD8+ of blood was measured through Flow Cytometry (FC). The histopathological changes of spleen tissue samples were determined by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an estimation of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ expression of spleen tissues were calculated through FC. RESULTS Compared with the M group, the SYD group observed an increase in tensile force and the ratio of cortisol to testosterone (TTE/COR), whereas a reduction in the levels of lactic acid (LAC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). ELISA experiments showed that SYD reduced the expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, IL-17 and increased the expression of IL-10 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). In the HE test, SYD treatment transformed the structure of the spleen. FC experiments further showed that SYD increased the expressions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in blood and spleen tissues (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SYD can alleviate EF by improving inflammation and immunity. However, the relationship between inflammatory factors and the related immune response remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuemeng Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarou Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yulin Zong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fengjie Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yuhang Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Peng C, Jiang X, Jaeger M, van Houten P, van Herwaarden AE, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, Lemmers H, Dijkstra H, Koenen HJPM, Joosten I, van Cranenbroek B, Li Y, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Netea-Maier RT, Xu CJ. 11-deoxycortisol positively correlates with T cell immune traits in physiological conditions. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104935. [PMID: 38134621 PMCID: PMC10776925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous steroid hormones have significant effects on inflammatory and immune processes, but the immunological activities of steroidogenesis precursors remain largely unexplored. METHODS We conducted a systematic approach to examine the association between steroid hormones profile and immune traits in a cohort of 534 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones and their precursors (cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 11-deoxycortisol and 17-OH progesterone) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immune traits were evaluated by quantifying cellular composition of the circulating immune system and ex vivo cytokine responses elicited by major human pathogens and microbial ligands. An independent cohort of 321 individuals was used for validation, followed by in vitro validation experiments. FINDINGS We observed a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and lymphoid cellular subsets numbers and function (especially IL-17 response). The association with lymphoid cellularity was validated in an independent validation cohort. In vitro experiments showed that, as compared to androstenedione and 17-OH progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol promoted T cell proliferation and Candida-induced Th17 polarization at physiologically relevant concentrations. Functionally, 11-deoxycortisol-treated T cells displayed a more activated phenotype (PD-L1high CD25high CD62Llow CD127low) in response to CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, and downregulated expression of T-bet nuclear transcription factor. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and T-cell function under physiological conditions. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential mechanisms and clinical implications. FUNDING Found in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xun Jiang
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Houten
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Science, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Rubin LH, Bekhbat M, Turkson S, Mehta CC, Maki PM, Anastos K, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Milam J, Chow FC, Weber K, Springer G, Gange SJ, Neigh GN. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function and Cognitive Performance in Women With HIV. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:893-903. [PMID: 36044614 PMCID: PMC9553273 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) function may be a risk factor for cognitive complications among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated whether HIV serostatus and age modify the GCR function-cognition association among women. METHODS Eighty women with HIV ( n = 40, <40 years of age [younger]; n = 40, >50 years of age [older]) and 80 HIV-uninfected women ( n = 40 older, n = 40 younger) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected concurrent with neuropsychological testing were assessed for GCR function. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether a) HIV serostatus and age were associated with GCR function, and b) GCR function-cognition associations are moderated by HIV serostatus and age adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among older women, higher baseline FKBP5 expression level was associated with lower attention/working memory performance among women with HIV ( B = 6.4, standard error = 1.7, p = .0003) but not in women without HIV infection ( B = -1.7, standard error = 1.9, p = .37). There were no significant HIV serostatus by age interactions on dexamethasone (DEX)-stimulated expression of the genes regulated by the GCR or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α levels (with or without DEX stimulation; p values > .13). HIV serostatus was associated with GC target genes PER1 ( p = .006) and DUSP1 ( p = .02), but not TSC22D3 ( p = .32), after DEX stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that HIV serostatus and age may modify the influence of the GCR, such that the receptor is likely engaged to a similar extent, but the downstream influence of the receptor is altered, potentially through epigenetic modification of target genes.
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Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Rubin LH, McIntosh R, Ghanooni D, Chavez JV, Klatt NR, Paul RH. Through the Looking-Glass: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:984-994. [PMID: 36044613 PMCID: PMC9553251 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH), but the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. HIV-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract potentiates residual immune dysregulation in PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. However, few studies among PWH have examined the relevance of microbiome-gut-brain axis: bidirectional crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to integrate findings from 159 articles relevant to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and microbiome-gut-brain axis research in PWH. RESULTS Early PNI studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system could partially account for the associations of psychological factors with clinical HIV progression. This review highlights the need for PNI studies examining the mechanistic relevance of the gut microbiota for residual immune dysregulation, tryptophan catabolism, and oxytocin release as key biological determinants of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH (i.e., body-to-mind pathways). It also underscores the continued relevance of neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and oxytocin release in modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis functioning (i.e., mind-to-body pathways). CONCLUSIONS Advancing our understanding of PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways relevant to depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH can guide the development of novel biobehavioral interventions to optimize health outcomes. Recommendations are provided for biobehavioral and neurobehavioral research investigating bidirectional PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways among PWH in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Carrico
- From the Department of Public Health Sciences (Carrico, Cherenack, Ghanooni, Chavez), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Departments of Neurology (Rubin) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology (McIntosh), University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences, Coral Gables, Florida; Department of Surgery (Klatt), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Department of Psychological Sciences (Paul), University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zhang Q, Li X, Qiao S, Liu S, Zhou Y, Shen Z. The relationship of hair glucocorticoid levels to immunological and virological outcomes in a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated people living with HIV. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:268. [PMID: 35307019 PMCID: PMC8935838 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing literature mostly investigated the relationship of acute or short-term glucocorticoid exposure to HIV disease progression using cortisol levels in serum, saliva, or urine. Data are limited on the relationship of long-term glucocorticoid exposure to HIV disease progression. This study examined whether hair glucocorticoid levels, novel retrospective indicators of long-term glucocorticoid exposure, are associated with two common indicators of HIV disease progression (CD4 count and HIV viral load) among a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated Chinese people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A total of 1198 treated PLHIV provided hair samples for glucocorticoid (cortisol and cortisone) assay and completed a survey assessing sociodemographic, lifestyle, and HIV-related characteristics. Meanwhile, CD4 count and HIV viral load were retrieved from their medical records. Spearman correlation was used to examine the associations of hair cortisol and cortisone levels to continuous CD4 count and HIV viral load. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict CD4 count < 500 cells/mm3. Results Both hair cortisol and cortisone levels were negatively associated with CD4 count but not with HIV viral load. The odds ratio for CD4 count < 500 cells/mm3 was 1.41 [95% CI 0.99–2.00] and 2.15 [95% CI 1.51–3.05] for those with hair cortisol and cortisone levels in the highest quartile compared to the lowest when controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, HIV-related covariates, and HIV viral load. Conclusion Hair glucocorticoid levels were associated with CD4 count but not viral load in treated Chinese PLHIV. Our data furtherly supported the hypothesis that elevated glucocorticoid levels are associated with the lower CD4 count.
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Chahine A, Koru-Sengul T, Feaster DJ, Dilworth SE, Antoni MH, Klatt N, Roach ME, Pallikkuth S, Sharkey M, Salinas J, Stevenson M, Pahwa S, Fuchs D, Carrico AW. Blue Monday: Co-occurring Stimulant Use and HIV Persistence Predict Dysregulated Catecholamine Synthesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:353-360. [PMID: 33165125 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study examined whether co-occurring stimulant use and HIV disease processes predicted greater risk for depression via dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters. METHODS In total, 110 sexual minority men (ie, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) living with HIV who had biologically confirmed recent methamphetamine use were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) and phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratios were measured over 15 months to index dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for serotonin and catecholamines. Markers of gut-immune dysregulation such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 (sCD14), HIV persistence in immune cells (ie, proviral HIV DNA), and stimulant use were examined as predictors. These bio-behavioral measures, including the K/T and P/T ratios, were also examined as predictors of greater risk for depression over 15 months. RESULTS Higher time-varying sCD14 levels (β = 0.13; P = 0.04) and time-varying detectable viral loads (β = 0.71; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of a higher K/T ratio. Time-varying reactive urine toxicology results for stimulants (β = 0.53; P < 0.001) and greater proviral HIV DNA at baseline (β = 0.34; P < 0.001) independently predicted an increased P/T ratio. Greater time-varying, self-reported methamphetamine use uniquely predicted higher odds of screening positive for depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.17). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing stimulant use and HIV persistence independently predict dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for catecholamines, but this did not explain amplified risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chahine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Tulay Koru-Sengul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Margaret E Roach
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Mark Sharkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Jessica Salinas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute for Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Biocentre, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Su A, Zhou Y, Guo Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Li W, Tian Y, Li K, Sun G, Jiang R, Han R, Kang X, Yan F. Identification and expression analysis of MicroRNAs in chicken spleen in a corticosterone-induced stress model. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:287-296. [PMID: 33740563 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
For investigating the effects of stress on the immune response of chickens, we established a corticosterone (CORT)-induced stress model by exogenous intake of CORT. Control group was fed with a basal diet and the stress model group was fed with a 30 mg/Kg CORT-treated diet in ad libitum conditions for 7 days. Then, we used RNA-seq technology to identify the expression pattern of miRNAs, target genes, and relevant pathways in chicken spleen. Results showed that 71 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were determined, 9 of which were significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (SDEMs), and 241 target genes of DEMs were predicted. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out to understand the role of the DEMs. Out of 287 significantly enriched GO terms, 37 were stress- or immune-related, such as response to light stimulus, detection of oxidative stress, and immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. Out of 85 KEGG pathways, 8 were related to stress or immunity, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and RLR signaling pathway. We then constructed the interaction networks between target genes from immune-related pathways and their DEMs. The analysis results suggested that some DEMs (gga-miR-17 family, gga-miR-15/16 family, gga-miR-2954 and gga-miR-34b-5p) and target genes (SIKE1, CX3CL1, IL11Ra, PIGR, and CDKN1A) were core miRNAs and genes. This study revealed the dynamic miRNA transcriptome, target genes and related pathways in chicken spleen under CORT-induced stress model, which provided a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of stress affecting immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aru Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 450000, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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9
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Xin N, Jiang Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Cheng Y. Effects of prednisolone on behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis activity in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103325. [PMID: 31924570 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used clinically for treating allergies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Long-term prednisolone use has been shown to have negative effects on physiology and mood. We aimed to study the pharmacology and toxicology of glucocorticoid-like drugs by investigating behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis effects in a zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos 24 h post fertilization were exposed to 25 μM prednisolone. Their behavior was investigated 5 days post fertilization (dpf), and their HPI axis-related activity and related neurotransmitter levels were investigated 3, 4, 5, and 6 dpf. The behavior results showed that exposure to prednisolone resulted in decreased autonomic activity and low sensitivity to light. qRT-PCR and ELISA results showed decreased activity of the HPI axis and increased secretion of dopamine and serotonin after exposure to prednisolone. This study provides us with new insights into understanding the effects of glucocorticoids on the HPI axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Yanlong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China.
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10
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Rubin LH, Neigh GN, Sundermann EE, Xu Y, Scully EP, Maki PM. Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:94. [PMID: 31522330 PMCID: PMC7673651 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and the factors contributing to NCI. Here, we review evidence that WLWH may be at greater risk for NCI. RECENT FINDINGS We conducted a systematic review of recent studies of NCI in WLWH versus MLWH. A power analysis showed that few HIV studies have sufficient power to address male/female differences in NCI but studies with adequate power find evidence of greater NCI in WLWH, particularly in the domains of memory, speed of information processing, and motor function. Sex is an important determinant of NCI in HIV, and may relate to male/female differences in cognitive reserve, comorbidities (mental health and substance use disorders), and biological factors (e.g., inflammation, hormonal, genetic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eileen P. Scully
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pauline M. Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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11
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Liu X, Hsu SPC, Liu WC, Wang YM, Liu X, Lo CS, Lin YC, Nabilla SC, Li Z, Hong Y, Lin C, Li Y, Zhao G, Chung RJ. Salivary Electrochemical Cortisol Biosensor Based on Tin Disulfide Nanoflakes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:189. [PMID: 31165287 PMCID: PMC6548787 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. It is a well-known biomarker of psychological stress and is hence known as the "stress hormone." If cortisol overexpression is prolonged and repeated, dysfunction in the regulation of cortisol eventually occurs. Therefore, a rapid point-of-care assay to detect cortisol is needed. Salivary cortisol electrochemical analysis is a non-invasive method that is potentially useful in enabling rapid measurement of cortisol levels. In this study, multilayer films containing two-dimensional tin disulfide nanoflakes, cortisol antibody (C-Mab), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) as BSA/C-Mab/SnS2/GCE, and characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical responses of the biosensor as a function of cortisol concentrations were determined using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. This cortisol biosensor exhibited a detection range from 100 pM to 100 μM, a detection limit of 100 pM, and a sensitivity of 0.0103 mA/Mcm2 (R2 = 0.9979). Finally, cortisol concentrations in authentic saliva samples obtained using the developed electrochemical system correlated well with results obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This biosensor was successfully prepared and used for the electrochemical detection of salivary cortisol over physiological ranges, based on the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Sanford P. C. Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Wai-Ching Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ching-Shu Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Sasza Chyntara Nabilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Zhiwen Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Yuehua Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Chingpo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
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12
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Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Balletto BL, Donahue ML, Feulner MM, Cruess DG, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Wing RR, Carey MP. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adults Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:60-75. [PMID: 30054765 PMCID: PMC6344266 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on stress, psychological symptoms, and biomarkers of disease among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Comprehensive searches identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria (N = 1059; M age = 42 years; 20% women). Participants had been living with HIV for an average of 8 years (range = < 1-20 years); 65% were currently on antiretroviral therapy. Between-group analyses indicated that depressive symptoms were reduced among participants receiving the MBIs compared to controls (d+ = 0.37, 95% CI 0.03, 0.71). Within-group analyses showed reductions in psychological symptoms (i.e., less anxiety, fewer depressive symptoms) and improved quality of life over time among MBI participants (d+s = 0.40-0.85). No significant changes were observed for immunological outcomes (i.e., CD4 counts) between- or within-groups. MBIs may be a promising approach for reducing psychological symptoms and improving quality of life among PLWHA. Studies using stronger designs (i.e., randomized controlled trials) with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to clarify the potential benefits of MBIs for PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Brittany L Balletto
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Marissa L Donahue
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Melissa M Feulner
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Dean G Cruess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Bekhbat M, Mehta CC, Kelly SD, Vester A, Ofotokun I, Felger J, Wingood G, Anastos K, Gustafson DR, Kassaye S, Milam J, Aouizerat B, Weber K, Golub ET, Moore MF, Diclemente R, Fischl M, Kempf MC, Maki P, Neigh GN. HIV and symptoms of depression are independently associated with impaired glucocorticoid signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 96:118-125. [PMID: 29936334 PMCID: PMC6131054 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by HIV infection may lead to deficient glucocorticoid (GC) signaling predisposing people living with HIV to depression and other psychiatric disorders linked to GC resistance. We hypothesized that comorbid HIV and depressive symptoms in women would synergistically associate with deficits in GC signaling. This cross-sectional study used samples obtained from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The Centers for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D) was used to define depression in four groups of women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): 1) HIV-negative, non-depressed (n = 37); 2) HIV-negative, depressed (n = 34); 3) HIV-positive, non-depressed (n = 38); and 4) HIV-positive, depressed (n = 38). To assess changes in GC signaling from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we examined baseline and dexamethasone (Dex)-stimulated changes in the expression of the GC receptor (GR, gene: Nr3c1) and its negative regulator Fkbp5 via quantitative RT-PCR. GR sensitivity was evaluated in vitro by assessing the Dex inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Depressive symptoms and HIV serostatus were independently associated with elevated baseline expression of Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. Depressive symptoms, but not HIV status, was independently associated with reduced LPS-induced release of IL-6. Counter to predictions, there was no interactive association of depressive symptoms and HIV on any outcome. Comorbid depressive symptoms with HIV infection were associated with a gene expression and cytokine profile similar to that of healthy control women, a finding that may indicate further disruptions in disease adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - C Christina Mehta
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Aimee Vester
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states; University of Illinois at Chicago, United states
| | - Jennifer Felger
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Gina Wingood
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states; Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United States
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United states
| | - Joel Milam
- University of Southern California, United states
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- New York University, Department of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United states
| | - Kathleen Weber
- Cook County Health & Hospitals System and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago IL, United states
| | - Elizabeth T Golub
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Medicine, Public Health, United states
| | | | - Ralph Diclemente
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states
| | | | | | - Pauline Maki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United states
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Emory University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states; Virginia Commonwealth University, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United states.
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14
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Rateni L, Lupo S, Racca L, Palazzi J, Ghersevich S. Assessing endocrine and immune parameters in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients before and after the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:64-71. [PMID: 29694639 PMCID: PMC10118694 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study compares immune and endocrine parameters between HIV-infected patients who underwent the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS-P) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-patients who did not undergo the syndrome (non-IRIS-P). Materials and methods Blood samples were obtained from 31 HIV-infected patients (15 IRIS-P and 16 non-IRIS-P) before ART (BT) and 48 ± 2 weeks after treatment initiation (AT). Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) were determined by ELISA. Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and thyroxin concentrations were measured using chemiluminescence immune methods. Results Concentrations of IL-6 (7.9 ± 1.9 pg/mL) and IL-18 (951.5 ± 233.0 pg/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in IRIS-P than in non-IRIS-P (3.9 ± 1.0 pg/mL and 461.0 ± 84.4 pg/mL, respectively) BT. Mean T4 plasma level significantly decreased in both groups of patients after treatment (p < 0.05). In both groups cortisol levels were similar before and after ART (p > 0.05). Levels of DHEA-S in IRIS-P decreased AT (1080.5 ± 124.2 vs. 782.5 ± 123.8 ng/mL, p < 0.05) and they were significantly lower than in non-IRIS-P (782.5 ± 123.8 vs. 1203.7 ± 144.0 ng/mL, p < 0.05). IRIS-P showed higher values of IL-6 and IL-18 BT and lower levels of DHEA-S AT than in non-IRIS-P. Conclusion These parameters could contribute to differentiate IRIS-P from non-IRIS-P. The significant decrease in DHEA-S levels in IRIS-P after ART might suggest a different adrenal response in these patients, which may reflect the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rateni
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sergio Lupo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Liliana Racca
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jorge Palazzi
- Center for Assistance and Comprehensive Clinical Research, Rosario, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sergio Ghersevich
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Heller M, Roberts ST, Masese L, Ngina J, Chohan N, Chohan V, Shafi J, McClelland RS, Brindle E, Graham SM. Gender-Based Violence, Physiological Stress, and Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1152-1161. [PMID: 29630431 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk for gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV infection. This study aimed to identify associations between GBV exposure in the past 12 months and biomarkers of physiologic stress and inflammation that may play a role in increased HIV risk among Kenyan FSWs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participating women responded to a detailed questionnaire on GBV and mental health. Plasma was collected for assessment of systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Hair proximal to the scalp was collected to measure cortisol concentration. CRP and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hair cortisol concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Log-transformed biomarker values were compared across GBV exposure categories using Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore associations between recent GBV and hair cortisol concentration. RESULTS Two hundred eighty-three women enrolled, of whom 112 (39.6%) reported physical, sexual, or emotional violence in the past 12 months, 134 (47.3%) reported more remote exposure, and 37 (13.1%) reported no exposure. CRP and IL-6 levels did not differ across groups (p = 0.57 and p = 0.62, respectively). Among 141 women who provided hair, cortisol concentrations were higher among recently exposed women compared to the other two groups combined (p = 0.02). In multivariable regression, recently exposed women had higher hair cortisol levels than remotely exposed or unexposed women (adjusted beta = 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.02-1.02, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS While CRP and IL-6 levels did not differ by GBV category, recent GBV was associated with increased hair cortisol concentration. GBV-related increases in cortisol could affect health outcomes and merit study in relation to HIV acquisition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Heller
- 1 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Linnet Masese
- 3 Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jacquiline Ngina
- 3 Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Neha Chohan
- 3 Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Vrasha Chohan
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Juma Shafi
- 5 Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - R Scott McClelland
- 6 Department of Medicine, Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Eleanor Brindle
- 7 Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan M Graham
- 6 Department of Medicine, Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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16
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Natural variation in the parameters of innate immune cells is preferentially driven by genetic factors. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:302-314. [PMID: 29476184 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The quantification and characterization of circulating immune cells provide key indicators of human health and disease. To identify the relative effects of environmental and genetic factors on variation in the parameters of innate and adaptive immune cells in homeostatic conditions, we combined standardized flow cytometry of blood leukocytes and genome-wide DNA genotyping of 1,000 healthy, unrelated people of Western European ancestry. We found that smoking, together with age, sex and latent infection with cytomegalovirus, were the main non-genetic factors that affected variation in parameters of human immune cells. Genome-wide association studies of 166 immunophenotypes identified 15 loci that showed enrichment for disease-associated variants. Finally, we demonstrated that the parameters of innate cells were more strongly controlled by genetic variation than were those of adaptive cells, which were driven by mainly environmental exposure. Our data establish a resource that will generate new hypotheses in immunology and highlight the role of innate immunity in susceptibility to common autoimmune diseases.
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17
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Thames AD, Kuhn TP, Mahmood Z, Bilder RM, Williamson TJ, Singer EJ, Arentoft A. Effects of social adversity and HIV on subcortical shape and neurocognitive function. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:96-108. [PMID: 28130744 PMCID: PMC5529267 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of social adversity (SA) and HIV infection on subcortical shape alterations and cognitive functions. Participants included HIV+ (n = 70) and HIV- (n = 23) individuals who underwent MRI, neurocognitive and clinical assessment, in addition to completing questionnaires from which responses were used to create an SA score. Bilateral amygdalae and hippocampi were extracted from T1-weighted images. Parametric statistical analyses were used to compare the radial distance of the structure surface to a median curve to determine the presence of localized shape differences as a function of HIV, SA and their interaction. Next, multiple regression was used to examine the interactive association between HIV and SA with cognitive performance data. An HIV*SA interactive effect was found on the shape of the right amygdala and left hippocampus. Specifically, HIV-infected participants (but not HIV-uninfected controls) who evidenced higher levels of SA displayed an inward deformation of the surface consistent with reduced volume of these structures. We found interactive effects of HIV and SA on learning/memory performance. These results suggest that HIV+ individuals may be more vulnerable to neurological and cognitive changes in the hippocampus and amygdala as a function of SA than HIV- individuals, and that SA indicators of childhood SES and perceived racial discrimination are important components of adversity that are associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D Thames
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 28-263, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Taylor P Kuhn
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 28-263, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zanjbeel Mahmood
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 28-263, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 28-263, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Williamson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elyse J Singer
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, 28-263, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Adam EK, Quinn ME, Tavernier R, McQuillan MT, Dahlke KA, Gilbert KE. Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:25-41. [PMID: 28578301 PMCID: PMC5568897 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes in levels of the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol from morning to evening are referred to as diurnal cortisol slopes. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes have been proposed as a mediator between chronic psychosocial stress and poor mental and physical health outcomes in past theory and research. Surprisingly, neither a systematic nor a meta-analytic review of associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and health has been conducted to date, despite extensive literature on the topic. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examined associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and physical and mental health outcomes. Analyses were based on 179 associations from 80 studies for the time period up to January 31, 2015. Results indicated a significant association between flatter diurnal cortisol slopes and poorer health across all studies (average effect size, r=0.147). Further, flatter diurnal cortisol slopes were associated with poorer health in 10 out of 12 subtypes of emotional and physical health outcomes examined. Among these subtypes, the effect size was largest for immune/inflammation outcomes (r=0.288). Potential moderators of the associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and health outcomes were examined, including type of slope measure and study quality indices. The possible roles of flatter slopes as either a marker or a mechanism for disease etiology are discussed. We argue that flatter diurnal cortisol slopes may both reflect and contribute to stress-related dysregulation of central and peripheral circadian mechanisms, with corresponding downstream effects on multiple aspects of biology, behavior, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA,Corresponding author: , 847-467-2010
| | - Meghan E. Quinn
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Royette Tavernier
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA.
| | - Mollie T. McQuillan
- School of Education and Social Policy and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Katie A. Dahlke
- American Institutes for Research, 1120 E. Diehl Road, Suite 200, Naperville, IL, USA, 60563
| | - Kirsten E. Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Parkway, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Neigh GN, Rhodes ST, Valdez A, Jovanovic T. PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? Neurobiol Dis 2016; 92:116-23. [PMID: 26592355 PMCID: PMC5673262 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 million people currently live with HIV worldwide and the incidence of stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is elevated among people living with HIV as compared to those living without the virus. PTSD is a severely debilitating, stress-related psychiatric illness associated with trauma exposure. Patients with PTSD experience intrusive and fearful memories as well as flashbacks and nightmares of the traumatic event(s) for much of their lives, may avoid other people, and may be constantly on guard for new negative experiences. This review will delineate the information available to date regarding the comorbidity of PTSD and HIV and discuss the biological mechanisms which may contribute to the co-existence, and potential interaction of, these two disorders. Both HIV and PTSD are linked to altered neurobiology within areas of the brain involved in the startle response and altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, the data highlighted suggest that PTSD and HIV are more likely to actively interact than to simply co-exist within the same individual. Multi-faceted interactions between PTSD and HIV have the potential to alter response to treatment for either independent disorder. Therefore, it is of great importance to advance the understanding of the neurobiological substrates that are altered in comorbid PTSD and HIV such that the most efficacious treatments can be administered to improve both mental and physical health and reduce the spread of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen N Neigh
- Emory University Department of Physiology, United States; Emory University Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Siara T Rhodes
- Georgia State University Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Arielle Valdez
- Emory University Medical Scientist Training Program, United States; Emory University Department of Cell Biology, United States
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Emory University Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, United States
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Kaushik A, Yndart A, Jayant RD, Sagar V, Atluri V, Bhansali S, Nair M. Electrochemical sensing method for point-of-care cortisol detection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:677-85. [PMID: 25632229 PMCID: PMC4304596 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensing method was devised for the first time to detect plasma cortisol, a potential psychological stress biomarker, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive subjects. A miniaturized potentiostat (reconfigured LMP91000 chip) interfaced with a microfluidic manifold containing a cortisol immunosensor was employed to demonstrate electrochemical cortisol sensing. This fully integrated and optimized electrochemical sensing device exhibited a wide cortisol-detection range from 10 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, a low detection limit of 10 pg/mL, and sensitivity of 5.8 μA (pg mL)−1, with a regression coefficient of 0.995. This cortisol-selective sensing system was employed to estimate plasma cortisol in ten samples from HIV patients. The electrochemical cortisol-sensing performance was validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results obtained using both methodologies were comparable within 2%–5% variation. The information related to psychological stress of HIV patients can be correlated with disease-progression parameters to optimize diagnosis, therapeutic, and personalized health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kaushik
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Yndart
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Venkata Atluri
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- BioMEMS Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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