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Kussainova A, Bulgakova O, Aripova A, Ibragimova M, Pulliero A, Begimbetova D, Bersimbaev R, Izzotti A. Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Action of Chrysotile Asbestos in MRC5 Cell Line. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1599. [PMID: 38003914 PMCID: PMC10672232 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is a known carcinogen; however, the influence of chrysotile asbestos on the development of tumor-related diseases remains a subject of intense debate within the scientific community. To analyze the effect of asbestos, we conducted a study using the MRC5 cell line. We were able to demonstrate that chrysotile asbestos stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell death and DNA damage in the MRC5 cell line, using various techniques such as ROS measurement, comet assay, MTT assay, and qPCR. In addition, we found that chrysotile asbestos treatment significantly increased extracellular mitochondrial DNA levels in the culture medium and induced significant changes in the expression profile of several miRNAs, which was the first of its kind. Thus, our research highlights the importance of studying the effects of chrysotile asbestos on human health and reveals multiple adverse effects of chrysotile asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assiya Kussainova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.K.); (A.P.)
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
| | - Milana Ibragimova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Aferin U, Bahtiyar N, Onaran I, Ozkara H. Are elevated mitochondrial DNA fragments in prostatic inflammation a potential biomarker for prostate cancer? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11610. [PMID: 37791550 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether two soluble forms with different size of mtDNA are linked to prostatic inflammation, and whether they discriminate prostate cancer (PCa) from inflammatory prostatic conditions. METHODS Histopathologically diagnosed prostatitis, PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients (n = 93) were enrolled in this study and they were categorized as with and without prostate inflammation. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of 79-bp and 230-bp fragments in urine and blood samples collected following prostate massage. RESULTS The urine mtDNA-79 and mtDNA-230 were significantly increased in patients with prostate inflammation compared with those in without inflammation. Here, 79-bp fragment of apoptotic origin was significantly higher level than 230-bp fragment of necrotic origin. Although mtDNA-79 copy number in serum samples was also increased in patients with prostate inflammation, mtDNA-230 was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, mtDNA-79 and mtDNA-230 copy numbers in postprostate massage urine were higher (about 16-fold and 22-fold, respectively) than those from serum samples. ROC analysis showed that, although post-prostate massage urine have relatively higher performance than blood, ability to discriminate cases of both fragments was not better than that of serum total PSA. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that shorter cf-mtDNA fragment size in particular, increase in the presence of prostate inflammation in post-prostatic massage urine but both fragments could never improve serum total PSA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Aferin
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul.
| | - Nurten Bahtiyar
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul.
| | - Ilhan Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul.
| | - Hamdi Ozkara
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul.
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Nidadavolu LS, Feger D, Chen D, Wu Y, Grodstein F, Gross AL, Bennett DA, Walston JD, Oh ES, Abadir PM. Associations between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, inflammatory markers, and cognitive and physical outcomes in community dwelling older adults. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 37221566 PMCID: PMC10204157 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia and frailty are common age-related syndromes often linked to chronic inflammation. Identifying the biological factors and pathways that contribute to chronic inflammation is crucial for developing new therapeutic targets. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been proposed as an immune stimulator and potential predictor of mortality in acute illnesses. Dementia and frailty are both associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cellular energetics, and cell death. The size and abundance of ccf-mtDNA fragments may indicate the mechanism of cell death: long fragments typically result from necrosis, while short fragments arise from apoptosis. We hypothesize that increased levels of necrosis-associated long ccf-mtDNA fragments and inflammatory markers in serum are linked to declines in cognitive and physical function, as well as increased mortality risk. RESULTS Our study of 672 community-dwelling older adults revealed that inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 [sTNFR1], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) positively correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels in serum. Although cross-sectional analysis revealed no significant associations between short and long ccf-mtDNA fragments, longitudinal analysis demonstrated a connection between higher long ccf-mtDNA fragments (necrosis-associated) and worsening composite gait scores over time. Additionally, increased mortality risk was observed only in individuals with elevated sTNFR1 levels. CONCLUSION In a community dwelling cohort of older adults, there are cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ccf-mtDNA and sTNFR1 with impaired physical and cognitive function and increased hazard of death. This work suggests a role for long ccf-mtDNA as a blood-based marker predictive of future physical decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Feger
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diefei Chen
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Lin YC, Lin YC, Tsai ML, Liao WT, Hung CH. TSLP regulates mitochondrial ROS-induced mitophagy via histone modification in human monocytes. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:32. [PMID: 35292112 PMCID: PMC8925056 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a Th2-like cytokine involved in asthma pathogenesis. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. Mitophagy, followed by ROS production, is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy and often occurs in defective mitochondria. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of TSLP on ROS production and mitophagy in human monocytes and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation. Results TSLP induced ROS generation, and the effects were reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in THP-1 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images showed donut-shaped mitochondria that lost the cristae ultrastructure after TSLP stimulation. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased MTCO2 expression, and increased mitochondrial DNA release after TSLP stimulation were found. TSLP enhanced mitochondrial complex I and complex II/III activity and increased mitochondrial copy numbers and the expression of the complex II SHDA gene. TSLP-induced SHDA expression was inhibited by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor anacardic acid (AA) and the histone methyltransferase inhibitor methylthioadenosine (MTA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that TSLP enhanced H3 acetylation, H4 acetylation, and H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation in the SHDA promoter. Confocal laser microscopy showed that TSLP treatment increased the signals of the mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, LC3, phospho-parkin and phospho-ubiquitin, and pretreatment with AA and MTA reduced TSLP-induced PINK1 and LC3 accumulation in mitochondria. Western blot analysis showed that TSLP significantly increased phosphor-AMPK signal intensity, and the effects were inhibited by the antioxidant NAC. The increased signal intensities of the mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin and LC3 I/II were decreased by dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor. TSLP decreased M1-related cytokine CXCL-10 production and increased M2-related cytokine CCL-1 and CCL-22 production, which was suppressed by the mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 and PINK1 gene knockdown. Conclusions Epithelial-derived TSLP regulates ROS production and mitophagy through AMPK activation and histone modification and alters M1/M2 chemokine expression in human monocytes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00767-w.
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Environmental Chemical Exposures and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Review of Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:631-649. [PMID: 35902457 PMCID: PMC9729331 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria play various roles that are important for cell function and survival; therefore, significant mitochondrial dysfunction may have chronic consequences that extend beyond the cell. Mitochondria are already susceptible to damage, which may be exacerbated by environmental exposures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature (2012-2022) looking at the effects of six ubiquitous classes of compounds on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations. RECENT FINDINGS The literature suggests that there are a number of biomarkers that are commonly used to identify mitochondrial dysfunction, each with certain advantages and limitations. Classes of environmental toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollutants, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, and nanomaterials can damage the mitochondria in varied ways, with changes in mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage the most commonly measured in human populations. Other significant biomarkers include changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium levels, and ATP levels. This review identifies the biomarkers that are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction but suggests that emerging mitochondrial biomarkers, such as cell-free mitochondria and blood cardiolipin levels, may provide greater insight into the impacts of exposures on mitochondrial function. This review identifies that the mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction, but suggests using novel approaches in addition to well-characterized ones to create standardized protocols. We identified a dearth of studies on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations exposed to metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and nanoparticles as a gap in knowledge that needs attention.
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Ainagulova G, Bulgakova O, Ilderbayev O, Manekenova K, Tatayeva R, Bersimbaev R. Molecular and immunological changes in blood of rats exposed to various doses of asbestos dust. Cytokine 2022; 159:156016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
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Shannon N, Gravelle R, Cunniff B. Mitochondrial trafficking and redox/phosphorylation signaling supporting cell migration phenotypes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925755. [PMID: 35936783 PMCID: PMC9355248 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling cascades is critical in making sure the response is activated spatially and for a desired duration. Cell signaling cascades are spatially and temporally controlled through local protein phosphorylation events which are determined by the activation of specific kinases and/or inactivation of phosphatases to elicit a complete and thorough response. For example, A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contribute to the local regulated activity protein kinase A (PKA). The activity of kinases and phosphatases can also be regulated through redox-dependent cysteine modifications that mediate the activity of these proteins. A primary example of this is the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) phosphatase by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the local redox environment must play a critical role in the timing and magnitude of these events. Mitochondria are a primary source of ROS and energy (ATP) that contributes to redox-dependent signaling and ATP-dependent phosphorylation events, respectively. The strategic positioning of mitochondria within cells contributes to intracellular gradients of ROS and ATP, which have been shown to correlate with changes to protein redox and phosphorylation status driving downstream cellular processes. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between subcellular mitochondrial positioning and intracellular ROS and ATP gradients that support dynamic oxidation and phosphorylation signaling and resulting cellular effects, specifically associated with cell migration signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Randi Gravelle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Cunniff,
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9
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Bulgakova O, Kussainova A, Kakabayev A, Aripova A, Baikenova G, Izzotti A, Bersimbaev R. The level of free-circulating mtDNA in patients with radon-induced lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112215. [PMID: 34656631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the World Health Organization, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Cell free circulating mitochondrial DNA (cf mtDNA) have been used not only as a biomarker of carcinogenesis but also as a biomarker of exposure to radiation, but nothing is known about changes in the level of cf mtDNA following radon exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the cf mtDNA copy number as a biomarker of the response to radon exposure in lung cancer pathogenesis. METHODS 207 subjects were examined including 41 radon-exposed lung cancer patients, 40 lung cancer patients without radon exposure and 126 healthy controls exposed/not exposed to high level of radon. Total cell free circulating DNA from blood samples was extracted and used to detect cell free circulating mitochondrial DNA copy number by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Our data indicate that the level of cf mtDNA in the radon-induced lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the other study participants. There was a significant difference in the level of cf mtDNA in the blood plasma of healthy volunteers exposed and not exposed to high doses of radon. Moreover, in healthy volunteers living in areas with high radon levels, the mtDNA copy number was higher than that in patients with lung cancer who were not exposed to high doses of radon. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for a possible role of cf mtDNA as a promising biomarker of lung cancer induced by exposure to high dose of radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bulgakova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Akmaral Aripova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulim Baikenova
- Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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10
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Jing R, Hu ZK, Lin F, He S, Zhang SS, Ge WY, Dai HJ, Du XK, Lin JY, Pan LH. Mitophagy-Mediated mtDNA Release Aggravates Stretching-Induced Inflammation and Lung Epithelial Cell Injury via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:819. [PMID: 33015037 PMCID: PMC7504878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In animal models of ventilation-induced lung injury, mitophagy triggers mitochondria damage and the release of mitochondrial (mt) DNA, which activates inflammation. However, the mechanism of this process is unclear. Methods A model of cyclic stretching (CS)-induced lung epithelial cell injury was established. The genetic intervention of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) expression via lentivirus transfection was used to identify the relationship between PINK1-mediated mitophagy and mtDNA release in stretching-induced inflammatory response and injury. Pharmacological inhabitation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression was performed via their related inhibitors, while pre-treatment of exogenous mtDNA was used to verify the role of mtDNA in stretching-induced inflammatory response and injury. Results Using a cell culture model of CS, we found that knocking down PINK1 in lung epithelial cells reduced mitophagy activation and mtDNA release, leading to milder inflammatory response and injury; conversely, up-regulating PINK1 exacerbated stretching-induced inflammation and injury, and similar effects were observed by upregulating TLR9 to induce expression of MyD88 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65. Down-regulating MyD88 protected lung epithelial cells from stretching injury and decreased NF-κB/p65 expression. Conclusion These findings suggest that PINK1-dependent mitophagy and associated TLR9 activation is indeed a major factor in stretch-induced cell injury via a mechanism in which released mtDNA activates TLR9 and thereby the MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Inhibiting this process may be a therapeutic approach to prevent inflammation and cell injury in patients on mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao-Kun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Sui-Sui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Wan-Yun Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Hui-Jun Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Ke Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Ling-Hui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China.,The Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital & Oncology Medical College, Nanning, China
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Friedemann AER, Andernach L, Jungnickel H, Borchmann DW, Baltaci D, Laux P, Schulz H, Luch A. Phosphine fumigation - Time dependent changes in the volatile profile of table grapes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122480. [PMID: 32197200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural goods are fumigated in transport containers in order to control pest infestations and to avoid the transmission of alien species. Phosphine is increasingly used prior to the export as fumigant for table grapes, fruit cultures and dried fruits to control active table grapevine insect pests. Less knowledge exists for fumigants about the desorption time of toxic gases and factors that affect the composition of the fumigated good. Therefore, red and white table grapes (´Thompson seedless´, ´Scarlotta´ and ´Flame seedless´) were chosen to represent the allowed group of phosphine fumigated foods and were treated with a concentration of 2000 vpm phosphine (PH3) at different temperatures. In the present study, sorption and desorption behavior of PH3 by table grapes and possible changes in their VOC (volatile organic compounds) profiles were investigated. The PH3 concentration was monitored before and after the fumigation process and was determined under the maximum residue level 0.005 ppm after 35 days. The adsorbed amount of PH3 was not influenced by fumigation parameters. For analysis of the influences on the volatile profile after fumigation, a headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) was used. Small differences in volatile profiles of fumigated and subsequently outgassed table grapes compared to non-fumigated table grapes could be observed. A slight influence on the aldehyde group directly after fumigation could be perceived by a decrease of hex-2-en-1-ol and 1- hexanol in PH3-treated table grapes. The concentrations of both compounds increase again after completion of the desorption process. On the other hand terpenes are not significantly influenced by the fumigation process. Overall these changes are likely to affect table grape aroma characteristics directly after a treatment with PH3 and it could be demonstrated that phosphine alters the volatile profile of fumigated table grapes qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E R Friedemann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - L Andernach
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - D W Borchmann
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), German Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Baltaci
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), German Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schulz
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), German Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Sadikot RT, Bedi B, Li J, Yeligar SM. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial DNA damage promotes injurious crosstalk between alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. Alcohol 2019; 80:65-72. [PMID: 31307864 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol users have a higher risk for developing respiratory infections compared to individuals who do not chronically misuse alcohol, due to impaired host immune defense. In the lung, alveolar epithelial cells play a critical role in host immune defense against invading pathogens in the lower respiratory tract due to their capacity to maintain barrier integrity, and alveolar macrophages play a key role in pulmonary innate immunity by phagocytizing and clearing infiltrating microbes. Chronic alcohol misuse induces mitochondrial damage that results in release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in exosomes. We hypothesized that alcohol-induced cellular damage leads to release of exosomes containing damaged mtDNA, which can mediate injurious crosstalk between lung epithelial cells and macrophages. The mouse alveolar epithelial cell line, MLE-12, and the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line, MH-S, were transfected with a damaged mtDNA overexpression plasmid or exposed to ethanol in vitro. Overexpression of damaged mtDNA impaired MLE-12 barrier function and MH-S phagocytic capacity. Ethanol induced damage of mtDNA in MLE-12 and MH-S cells, and promoted release of exosomes enriched with damaged mtDNA from these cells. Exosomes from ethanol-exposed MH-S cells caused mtDNA damage and barrier dysfunction in MLE-12 cells, and exosomes from ethanol-exposed MLE-12 cells caused mtDNA damage and phagocytic dysfunction in MH-S cells. Collectively, these data show that ethanol-induced mtDNA damage in MLE-12 and MH-S cells stimulates release of damaged mtDNA-enriched exosomes and contributes to injurious crosstalk between the alveolar epithelium and macrophages, potentially leading to impaired host immune defense against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxana T Sadikot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, United States; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Brahmchetna Bedi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, United States; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, United States; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, United States; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.
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13
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Maurice NM, Bedi B, Yuan Z, Goldberg JB, Koval M, Hart CM, Sadikot RT. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Host Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11929. [PMID: 31417101 PMCID: PMC6695387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa is dependent on quorum sensing (QS), an inter-bacterial communication system that can also modulate host biology. The innate immune function of the lung mucosal barrier is dependent on proper mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study was to define the mechanism by which bacterial factors modulate host lung epithelial cell mitochondrial function and to investigate novel therapies that ameliorate this effect. 3-oxo-C12-HSL disrupts mitochondrial morphology, attenuates mitochondrial bioenergetics, and induces mitochondrial DNA oxidative injury. Mechanistically, we show that 3-oxo-C12-HSL attenuates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defense, and cellular respiration, and its downstream effectors in both BEAS-2B and primary lung epithelial cells. Overexpression of PGC-1α attenuates the inhibition in cellular respiration caused by 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Pharmacologic activation of PGC-1α restores barrier integrity in cells treated with 3-oxo-C12-HSL. These data demonstrate that the P. aeruginosa QS molecule, 3-oxo-C12-HSL, alters mitochondrial pathways critical for lung mucosal immunity. Genetic and pharmacologic strategies that activate the PGC-1α pathway enhance host epithelial cell mitochondrial function and improve the epithelial innate response to P. aeruginosa. Therapies that rescue PGC-1α function may provide a complementary approach in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Maurice
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Brahmchetna Bedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Zhihong Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for CF and Airways Disease Research Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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14
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Circulating Mitochondrial DNA is Linked to Progression and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1213-1220. [PMID: 31271962 PMCID: PMC6609736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As peripheral blood contains fluctuated levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf mtDNA), we aimed to evaluate ccf mtDNA as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In the present study, we recruited 165 EOC patients and 60 healthy women. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to amplify 79-bp and 230-bp fragments of the mitochondrial 16 s RNA gene in sera of these participants. MtDNA integrity was defined as the ratio of long to short mtDNA fragments. We observed that the levels of mtDNA79 and mtDNA230 were significantly increased (P = .0001), whereas the mtDNA integrity (P = .0001) was decreased in EOC patients compared with those in healthy controls. MtDNA79 showed a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 81.7% (AUC = 0.900) to discriminate EOC from healthy controls. Moreover, the amounts of mtDNA79 (P = .0001, P = .012, P = .039) and mtDNA230 (P = .0001, P = .042) continuously raised from healthy controls over FIGO I-II to FIGO III and IV, with highest levels of mtDNA79 (P = .0001) and mtDNA230 (P = .0001) in FIGO III and IV. Increasing levels of mtDNA79 (P = .003, P = .0001) and mtDNA230 (P = .041, P = .0001) were also associated with lymph node metastasis and CA125 values. The higher levels of mtDNA79 (P = .0001; HR 3.2, 95%CI:1.6-6.3) and mtDNA230 (borderline P = .048, HR 0.9, 95%CI:0.9-1.0) also correlated with poor patients' overall survival, of which mtDNA79 could act as an independent factor for overall survival. Our data show a significant association of increasing levels of ccf mtDNA with EOC progress and poor prognosis.
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15
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Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous and multi-functional organelles involved in diverse metabolic processes, namely energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The intracellular mitochondrial morphology and distribution change dynamically, which reflect the metabolic state of a given cell type. A dramatic change of the mitochondrial dynamics has been observed in early development that led to further investigations on the relationship between mitochondria and the process of development. A significant developmental process to focus on, in this review, is a differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons. Information on how mitochondria- regulated cellular energetics is linked to neuronal development will be discussed, followed by functions of mitochondria and associated diseases in neuronal development. Lastly, the potential use of mitochondrial features in analyzing various neurodevelopmental diseases will be addressed. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(11): 549-556].
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Affiliation(s)
- Geurim Son
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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16
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Son G, Han J. Roles of mitochondria in neuronal development. BMB Rep 2018; 51:549-556. [PMID: 30269744 PMCID: PMC6283025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous and multi-functional organelles involved in diverse metabolic processes, namely energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The intracellular mitochondrial morphology and distribution change dynamically, which reflect the metabolic state of a given cell type. A dramatic change of the mitochondrial dynamics has been observed in early development that led to further investigations on the relationship between mitochondria and the process of development. A significant developmental process to focus on, in this review, is a differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons. Information on how mitochondria- regulated cellular energetics is linked to neuronal development will be discussed, followed by functions of mitochondria and associated diseases in neuronal development. Lastly, the potential use of mitochondrial features in analyzing various neurodevelopmental diseases will be addressed. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(11): 549-556].
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Affiliation(s)
- Geurim Son
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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17
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Çayir A, Coskun M, Coskun M, Cobanoglu H. DNA damage and circulating cell free DNA in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:161-169. [PMID: 29130594 DOI: 10.1002/em.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides widely used in agriculture and other applications have been linked to cancer and other diseases through several potential mechanisms. The goals of this study were to assess DNA damage in lymphocytes by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and to measure circulating cell free DNA (ccf-DNA) in the blood of pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers and matched controls living in the same area. CBMN was applied to peripheral blood lymphocyte samples taken at different times (spring and autumn) for each individual. We measured plasma ccf-DNA levels using a Qubit® fluorometer. The results indicated that the MNL, BNMN, and NBUDs frequencies of pesticide-exposed individuals were significantly higher than non-exposed individuals. Apart from MNL, BNMN and CBPI, a season-related effect was found for the NPB and NBUD frequencies. With MNL and BNMN as the dependent variables, multiple regression analysis showed that age and gender affected MN formation. The ccf-DNA level in the pesticide-exposed group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no seasonal variation regarding the free DNA amount. Ccf-DNA in males was found to be higher than females. The MNL, BNMN, NPB, and CBPI did not correlate with the ccf-DNA amount. It can be concluded that pesticide exposure can modulate DNA integrity via different mechanisms. Also, elevated levels of ccf-DNA could be recommended as a biomarker of pesticide exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:161-169, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Çayir
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Coskun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Munevver Coskun
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hayal Cobanoglu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
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18
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Budnik LT, Adam B, Albin M, Banelli B, Baur X, Belpoggi F, Bolognesi C, Broberg K, Gustavsson P, Göen T, Fischer A, Jarosinska D, Manservisi F, O’Kennedy R, Øvrevik J, Paunovic E, Ritz B, Scheepers PTJ, Schlünssen V, Schwarzenbach H, Schwarze PE, Sheils O, Sigsgaard T, Van Damme K, Casteleyn L. Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment: DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:6. [PMID: 29441119 PMCID: PMC5800006 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia Therese Budnik
- Division of Translational Toxicology and Immunology, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Balazs Adam
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Banelli
- Tumor Epigenetics Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS and University of Genoa, DISSAL, Genoa, Italy
| | - Xaver Baur
- European Society for Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- San Martino-IST Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Karin Broberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Göen
- Social and Environmental Medicine, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité Universitäts Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Beate Ritz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health (FSPH), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc (Radboud university medical center), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section Environment, Occupation & Health & Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital, Trinity translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section Environment, Occupation & Health & Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karel Van Damme
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Chen Y, Meyer JN, Hill HZ, Lange G, Condon MR, Klein JC, Ndirangu D, Falvo MJ. Role of mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in veterans with Gulf War Illness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184832. [PMID: 28910366 PMCID: PMC5599026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom illness not currently diagnosed by standard medical or laboratory test that affects 30% of veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The clinical presentation of GWI is comparable to that of patients with certain mitochondrial disorders-i.e., clinically heterogeneous multisystem symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to both the symptoms of GWI as well as its persistence over time. We recruited 21 cases of GWI (CDC and Kansas criteria) and 7 controls to participate in this study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained in all participants and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) based assay was performed to quantify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA lesion frequency and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNAcn) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Samples were also used to analyze nuclear DNA lesion frequency and enzyme activity for mitochondrial complexes I and IV. Both mtDNA lesion frequency (p = 0.015, d = 1.13) and mtDNAcn (p = 0.001; d = 1.69) were elevated in veterans with GWI relative to controls. Nuclear DNA lesion frequency was also elevated in veterans with GWI (p = 0.344; d = 1.41), but did not reach statistical significance. Complex I and IV activity (p > 0.05) were similar between groups and greater mtDNA lesion frequency was associated with reduced complex I (r2 = -0.35, p = 0.007) and IV (r2 = -0.28, p < 0.01) enzyme activity. In conclusion, veterans with GWI exhibit greater mtDNA damage which is consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Helene Z Hill
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Pain and Fatigue Study Center, Beth Israel Medical Center and Albert Einstein Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael R Condon
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Surgical Services, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn C Klein
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Duncan Ndirangu
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael J Falvo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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20
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Austel N, Schubert J, Gadau S, Jungnickel H, Budnik LT, Luch A. Influence of fumigants on sunflower seeds: Characteristics of fumigant desorption and changes in volatile profiles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 337:138-147. [PMID: 28514707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fumigation of transport containers is common practice to protect stored products from pests. Yet little is known about the desorption times and effects of the highly toxic gases used in this process. To shed light on the behavior of fumigants in real food, we treated sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) with 100ppm phosphine (PH3), methyl bromide (MeBr) or 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) for 72h. The compound concentrations in the air were then analyzed by thermal desorption/2D gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and flame photometric detection (TD-2D-GC-MS/FPD). A desorption time of several months was observed for DCE, whereas PH3 and MeBr were outgassed in a matter of days. To investigate possible interactions between gases and constituents of the seeds, non-fumigated, fumigated and outgassed samples were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. We observed significantly different volatile profiles in fumigated and subsequently outgassed seeds compared to non-fumigated seeds. Whereas PH3-treated seeds released far more terpenoids, the volatile pattern of seeds exposed to DCE revealed significantly fewer terpenoids but more aldehydes. These changes are likely to affect food aroma characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Austel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical & Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Schubert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical & Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gadau
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Occupational Toxicology and Immunology, Marckmannstraße 129b, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical & Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lygia T Budnik
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Occupational Toxicology and Immunology, Marckmannstraße 129b, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical & Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Roubicek DA, Souza-Pinto NCD. Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA as relevant targets for environmental contaminants. Toxicology 2017; 391:100-108. [PMID: 28655544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a closed circular molecule that encodes, in humans, 13 polypeptides components of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Integrity of the mitochondrial genome is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis, and mutations and deletions in the mtDNA lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In vitro and in situ studies suggest that when exposed to certain genotoxins, mtDNA accumulates more damage than nuclear DNA, likely owing to its organization and localization in the mitochondrial matrix, which tends to accumulate lipophilic, positively charged molecules. In that regard, several relevant environmental and occupational contaminants have physical-chemical characteristics that indicate that they might accumulate in mitochondria and target mtDNA. Nonetheless, very little is known so far about mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction due to environmental exposure, either in model organisms or in humans. In this article, we discuss some of the characteristics of mtDNA which render it a potentially relevant target for damage by environmental contaminants, as well as possible functional consequences of damage/mutation accumulation. In addition, we review the data available in the literature focusing on mitochondrial effects of the most common classes of environmental pollutants. From that, we conclude that several lines of experimental evidence support the idea that mitochondria and mtDNA are susceptible and biologically relevant targets for pollutants, and more studies, including mechanistic ones, are needed to shed more light into the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the environmental and human health effects of chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Roubicek
- Dept. of Environmental Analyses, São Paulo State Environmental Agency, CETESB, Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr, 345, 05459-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadja C de Souza-Pinto
- Depto. de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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22
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Experimental outgassing of toxic chemicals to simulate the characteristics of hazards tainting globally shipped products. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177363. [PMID: 28520742 PMCID: PMC5435304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient monitoring analyses may identify potential new public health hazards such as residual levels of fumigants and industrial chemicals off gassing from products and goods shipped globally. We analyzed container air with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TD-2D-GC-MS/FPD) and assessed whether the concentration of the volatiles benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane exceeded recommended exposure limits (REL). Products were taken from transport containers and analyzed for outgassing of volatiles. Furthermore, experimental outgassing was performed on packaging materials and textiles, to simulate the hazards tainting from globally shipped goods. The mean amounts of benzene in analyzed container air were 698-fold higher, and those of ethylene dichloride were 4.5-fold higher than the corresponding REL. More than 90% of all containers struck with toluene residues higher than its REL. For 1,2-dichloroethane 53% of containers, transporting shoes exceeded the REL. In standardized experimental fumigation of various products, outgassing of 1,2-dichloroethane under controlled laboratory conditions took up to several months. Globally produced transported products tainted with toxic industrial chemicals may contribute to the mixture of volatiles in indoor air as they are likely to emit for a long period. These results need to be taken into account for further evaluation of safety standards applying to workers and consumers.
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Boyapati RK, Tamborska A, Dorward DA, Ho GT. Advances in the understanding of mitochondrial DNA as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases. F1000Res 2017; 6:169. [PMID: 28299196 PMCID: PMC5321122 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10397.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has many similarities with bacterial DNA because of their shared common ancestry. Increasing evidence demonstrates mtDNA to be a potent danger signal that is recognised by the innate immune system and can directly modulate the inflammatory response. In humans, elevated circulating mtDNA is found in conditions with significant tissue injury such as trauma and sepsis and increasingly in chronic organ-specific and systemic illnesses such as steatohepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we examine our current understanding of mtDNA-mediated inflammation and how the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and mtDNA release represent exciting and previously under-recognised important factors in many human inflammatory diseases, offering many new translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arina Tamborska
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Thierry AR, El Messaoudi S, Gahan PB, Anker P, Stroun M. Origins, structures, and functions of circulating DNA in oncology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:347-76. [PMID: 27392603 PMCID: PMC5035665 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While various clinical applications especially in oncology are now in progress such as diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, or patient follow-up, the determination of structural characteristics of cell-free circulating DNA (cirDNA) are still being researched. Nevertheless, some specific structures have been identified and cirDNA has been shown to be composed of many “kinds.” This structural description goes hand-in-hand with the mechanisms of its origins such as apoptosis, necrosis, active release, phagocytosis, and exocytose. There are multiple structural forms of cirDNA depending upon the mechanism of release: particulate structures (exosomes, microparticles, apoptotic bodies) or macromolecular structures (nucleosomes, virtosomes/proteolipidonucleic acid complexes, DNA traps, links with serum proteins or to the cell-free membrane parts). In addition, cirDNA concerns both nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA with both species exhibiting different structural characteristics that potentially reveal different forms of biological stability or diagnostic significance. This review focuses on the origins, structures and functional aspects that are paradoxically less well described in the literature while numerous reviews are directed to the clinical application of cirDNA. Differentiation of the various structures and better knowledge of the fate of cirDNA would considerably expand the diagnostic power of cirDNA analysis especially with regard to the patient follow-up enlarging the scope of personalized medicine. A better understanding of the subsequent fate of cirDNA would also help in deciphering its functional aspects such as their capacity for either genometastasis or their pro-inflammatory and immunological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - S El Messaoudi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - P B Gahan
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - P Anker
- , 135 route des fruitières, 74160, Beaumont, France
| | - M Stroun
- , 6 Pedro-meylan, 1208, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Disatnik MH, Joshi AU, Saw NL, Shamloo M, Leavitt BR, Qi X, Mochly-Rosen D. Potential biomarkers to follow the progression and treatment response of Huntington's disease. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2655-2669. [PMID: 27821553 PMCID: PMC5110026 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disatnik et al. identify mitochondrial DNA levels, 8-OHdG, and inflammation factors as potential peripheral biomarkers to follow progression and treatment response of Huntington’s disease. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare genetic disease caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the huntingtin protein resulting in selective neuronal loss. Although genetic testing readily identifies those who will be affected, current pharmacological treatments do not prevent or slow down disease progression. A major challenge is the slow clinical progression and the inability to biopsy the affected tissue, the brain, making it difficult to design short and effective proof of concept clinical trials to assess treatment benefit. In this study, we focus on identifying peripheral biomarkers that correlate with the progression of the disease and treatment benefit. We recently developed an inhibitor of pathological mitochondrial fragmentation, P110, to inhibit neurotoxicity in HD. Changes in levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inflammation markers in plasma, a product of DNA oxidation in urine, mutant huntingtin aggregates, and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts in muscle and skin tissues were all noted in HD R6/2 mice relative to wild-type mice. Importantly, P110 treatment effectively reduced the levels of these biomarkers. Finally, abnormal levels of mtDNA were also found in plasma of HD patients relative to control subjects. Therefore, we identified several potential peripheral biomarkers as candidates to assess HD progression and the benefit of intervention for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nay L Saw
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Dai Z, Cai W, Hu F, Lan Y, Li L, Chung C, Caughey B, Zhang K, Tang X. Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Levels as a Biomarker of Lipodystrophy Among HIV-infected Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:975-9. [PMID: 26592244 PMCID: PMC5403959 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666151123114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a common complication in HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. Its early diagnosis is crucial for timely modification of antiretroviral therapy. We hypothesize that mitochondrial DNA in plasma may be a potential marker of LD in HIV-infected individuals. In this study, we compared plasma mitochondrial DNA levels in HIV-infected individuals and non-HIV-infected individuals to investigate its potential diagnostic value. Total plasma DNA was extracted from 67 HIV-infected patients at baseline and 12, 24 and 30 months after initiating antiretroviral therapy. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the mitochondrial DNA levels in plasma. Lipodystrophy was defined by the physician-assessed presence of lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy in one or more body regions. The mitochondrial DNA levels in plasma were significantly higher at baseline in HIV-infected individuals than in non-HIV-infected individuals (p<0.05). At month 30, 33 out of 67 patients (49.2%) showed at least one sign of lipodystrophy. The mean plasma mitochondrial DNA levels in lipodystrophy patients were significantly higher compared to those without lipodystrophy at month 24 (p<0.001). The receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated that using plasma mitochondrial DNA level (with cut-off value <5.09 log10 copies/ml) as a molecular marker allowed identification of patients with lipodystrophy with a sensitivity of 64.2% and a specificity of 73.0%. Our data suggest that mitochondrial DNA levels may help to guide therapy selection with regards to HIV lipodystrophy risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Zhang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Garrigou S, Perkins G, Garlan F, Normand C, Didelot A, Le Corre D, Peyvandi S, Mulot C, Niarra R, Aucouturier P, Chatellier G, Nizard P, Perez-Toralla K, Zonta E, Charpy C, Pujals A, Barau C, Bouché O, Emile JF, Pezet D, Bibeau F, Hutchison JB, Link DR, Zaanan A, Laurent-Puig P, Sobhani I, Taly V. A Study of Hypermethylated Circulating Tumor DNA as a Universal Colorectal Cancer Biomarker. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1129-39. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.253609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a good candidate for tracking tumor dynamics in different cancer types, potentially avoiding repeated tumor biopsies. Many different genes can be mutated within a tumor, complicating procedures for tumor monitoring, even with highly sensitive next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies. Droplet-based digital PCR (dPCR) is a highly sensitive and quantitative procedure, allowing detection of very low amounts of circulating tumor genetic material, but can be limited in the total number of target loci monitored.
METHODS
We analyzed hypermethylation of 3 genes, by use of droplet-based dPCR in different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC), to identify universal markers for tumor follow-up.
RESULTS
Hypermethylation of WIF1 (WNT inhibitory factor 1) and NPY (neuropeptide Y) genes was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, independently of tumor stage. All tumor tissues appeared positive for one of the 2 markers. Methylated ctDNA (MetctDNA) was detected in 80% of metastatic CRC and 45% of localized CRC. For samples with detectable mutations in ctDNA, MetctDNA and mutant ctDNA (MutctDNA) fractions were correlated. During follow-up of different stage CRC patients, MetctDNA changes allowed monitoring of tumor evolution.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that MetctDNA could be used as a universal surrogate marker for tumor follow-up in CRC patients, and monitoring MetctDNA by droplet-based dPCR could avoid the need for monitoring mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Garrigou
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Geraldine Perkins
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
- Department of Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Garlan
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Corinne Normand
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Audrey Didelot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Sanam Peyvandi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor Hospital-APHP and EA 7375-EC2M3 Laboratory, University of Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, Creteil, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
- CRB Epigenetec, INSERM UMR-S1147, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ralph Niarra
- CIC-EC4 URC HEGP, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Chatellier
- CIC-EC4 URC HEGP, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Nizard
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Karla Perez-Toralla
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Eleonora Zonta
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
| | - Cecile Charpy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor Hospital-APHP and EA 7375-EC2M3 Laboratory, University of Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, Creteil, France
| | - Anais Pujals
- INSERM U955, University of Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne and Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Olivier Bouché
- Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et de cancérologie digestive, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Frederic Bibeau
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Centre Val d'Aurelle Paul-Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Aziz Zaanan
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
- Department of Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
- Department of Biology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor Hospital-APHP and EA 7375-EC2M3 Laboratory, University of Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, Creteil, France
| | - Valerie Taly
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris Cedex 06, France. Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le cancer
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Abstract
Objective Plasma nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels are altered in many diseases. However, it is not known whether they are also altered in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the present study, we examined plasma nuclear and mtDNA levels in the patients with AMI before and after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to explore their potential as biomarkers. Methods and results Plasma nuclear and mtDNA levels were measured by quantitative PCR in 25 AMI patients, 25 non-myocardial infarction (MI) control participants (with MI risk), and 20 healthy individuals during the study period. The concentrations of nuclear and mtDNA were significantly higher in the AMI group on hospital day 1 than that in the non-MI controls (nuclear: 0.4948±0.0830 vs. 0.2047±0.0222 ng/μl, P<0.05; mitochondrial: 3.754±0.384 vs. 1.851±0.3483 ng/μl, P<0.05) and healthy individuals (nuclear: 0.4948±0.0830 vs. 0.1683±0.0254 ng/μl, P=0.001; mitochondrial: 3.754±0.384 vs. 0.1517±0.0924 ng/μl, P<0.05) and decreased shortly after PCI. Conclusion Both plasma nuclear and mtDNA levels are elevated in AMI patients, but return to normal levels immediately after PCI, suggesting that they are potentially novel biomarkers for AMI.
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29
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Wallace MAG, Kormos TM, Pleil JD. Blood-borne biomarkers and bioindicators for linking exposure to health effects in environmental health science. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:380-409. [PMID: 27759495 PMCID: PMC6147038 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health science aims to link environmental pollution sources to adverse health outcomes to develop effective exposure intervention strategies that reduce long-term disease risks. Over the past few decades, the public health community recognized that health risk is driven by interaction between the human genome and external environment. Now that the human genetic code has been sequenced, establishing this "G × E" (gene-environment) interaction requires a similar effort to decode the human exposome, which is the accumulation of an individual's environmental exposures and metabolic responses throughout the person's lifetime. The exposome is composed of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, many of which are measurable as biomarkers in blood, breath, and urine. Exposure to pollutants is assessed by analyzing biofluids for the pollutant itself or its metabolic products. New methods are being developed to use a subset of biomarkers, termed bioindicators, to demonstrate biological changes indicative of future adverse health effects. Typically, environmental biomarkers are assessed using noninvasive (excreted) media, such as breath and urine. Blood is often avoided for biomonitoring due to practical reasons such as medical personnel, infectious waste, or clinical setting, despite the fact that blood represents the central compartment that interacts with every living cell and is the most relevant biofluid for certain applications and analyses. The aims of this study were to (1) review the current use of blood samples in environmental health research, (2) briefly contrast blood with other biological media, and (3) propose additional applications for blood analysis in human exposure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- a Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | | | - Joachim D Pleil
- a Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
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Nakahira K, Hisata S, Choi AMK. The Roles of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1329-50. [PMID: 26067258 PMCID: PMC4685486 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria, vital cellular power plants to generate energy, are involved in immune responses. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules that are released from mitochondria to extracellular space during cell death and include not only proteins but also DNA or lipids. Mitochondrial DAMPs induce inflammatory responses and are critically involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial DAMPs are released and initiate immune responses by use of genetically modulated cells or animals. Importantly, the levels of mitochondrial DAMPs in patients are often associated with severity and prognosis of human diseases, such as infection, asthma, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES Although mitochondrial DAMPs can represent proinflammatory molecules in various experimental models, their roles in human diseases may be multifunctional and complex. It remains unclear where and how mitochondrial DAMPs are liberated into extracellular spaces and exert their biological functions particularly in vivo. In addition, while mitochondria can secrete several types of DAMPs during cell death, the interaction of each mitochondrial DAMP (e.g., synergistic effects) remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Regulation of mitochondrial DAMP-mediated immune responses may be important to alter the progression of human diseases. In addition, measuring mitochondrial DAMPs in patients may be clinically useful as biomarkers to predict prognosis or response to therapies. Further studies of the mechanisms by which mitochondrial DAMPs impact the initiation and progression of diseases may lead to the development of therapeutics specifically targeting this pathway. Antioxid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Nakahira
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Shu Hisata
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
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31
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Release of bulk cell free DNA during physical exercise occurs independent of extracellular vesicles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2271-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Health risks in international container and bulk cargo transport due to volatile toxic compounds. J Occup Med Toxicol 2015; 10:19. [PMID: 26075009 PMCID: PMC4465480 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure the preservation and quality of the goods, physical (i.e. radiation) or chemical pest control is needed. The dark side of such consents may bear health risks in international transport and production sharing. In fact, between 10% and 20% of all containers arriving European harbors were shown to contain volatile toxic substances above the exposure limit values. Possible exposure to these toxic chemicals may occur not only for the applicators but also the receiver by off gassing from products, packing materials or transport units like containers. A number of intoxications, some with lethal outcome, occur not only during the fumigation, but also during freight transport (on bulk carriers and other transport vessels), as well as in the logistic lines during loading and unloading. Risk occupations include dock-workers, seafarers, inspectors, as well as the usually uninformed workers of importing enterprises that unload the products. Bystanders as well as vulnerable consumers may also be at risk. Ongoing studies focus on the release of these toxic volatile substances from various goods. It was shown that the half-lives of the off-gassing process range between minutes and months, depending on the toxic substance, its chemical reactivity, concentration, the temperature, the contaminated matrix (goods and packing materials), and the packing density in the transport units. Regulations on declaration and handling dangerous goods are mostly not followed. It is obvious that this hazardous situation in freight transport urgently requires preventive steps. In order to improve awareness and relevant knowledge there is a need for more comprehensive information on chemical hazards and a broader implementation of the already existing regulations and guidelines, such as those from ILO, IMO, and national authorities. It is also necessary to have regular controls by the authorities on a worldwide scale, which should be followed by sanctions in case of disregarding regulations. Further, fumigated containers must have a warning sign corresponding to international recommendations and national regulations, and freight documents have to indicate any potential hazard during stripping the goods.
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Borghini A, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Chiesa MR, Piccaluga E, Andreassi MG. Increased circulating cell-free DNA levels and mtDNA fragments in interventional cardiologists occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:293-300. [PMID: 25327629 DOI: 10.1002/em.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccf-DNA) and mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) have often been used as indicators of cell death and tissue damage in acute and chronic disorders, but little is known about changes in ccf-DNA and ccf-mtDNA concentrations following radiation exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on serum ccf-DNA levels and ccf-mtDNA fragments (mtDNA-79 and mtDNA-230) of interventional cardiologists working in high-volume cardiac catheterization laboratory to assess their possible role as useful radiation biomarkers. We enrolled 50 interventional cardiologists (26 males; age = 48.4 ± 10 years) and 50 age- and gender-matched unexposed controls (27 males; age = 47.6 ± 8.3 years). Quant-iT™ dsDNA High-Sensitivity assay was used to measure circulating ccf-DNA isolated from serum samples. Quantitative analysis of mtDNA fragments was performed by real-time PCR. No significant relationships were found between ccf-DNA and ccf-mtDNA, and age, gender, smoking, or other clinical parameters. Ccf-DNA levels (44.2 ± 31.1 vs. 30.6 ± 19.2 ng/ml, P = 0.013), ccf-mtDNA-79 (2.6 ± 2.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.01), and ccf-mtDNA-230 copies (2.0 ± 1.8 vs. 1.04 ± 0.9, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in interventional cardiologists compared with the non-exposed group. In a subset (n = 15) of interventional cardiologists with a reliable reconstruction of cumulative professional exposure (59.7 ± 48.4 mSv; range: 1.4-182 mS), ccf-DNA (53.2 ± 41.3 vs. 36.4 ± 22.9 and 32.2 ± 20.5, P = 0.08), mtDNA-79 (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 2.03 ± 1.7 and 1.09 ± 0.82, P = 0.05), and mtDNA-230 (2.0 ± 2.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.4 and 1.04 ± 0.9, P = 0.09) tended to be significantly increased in high-exposure subjects compared with both low-exposure interventional cardiologists and controls. Our results provide evidence for a possible role of circulating DNA as a relevant biomarker of cellular damage induced by exposure to chronic low-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borghini
- Genetics Research Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Kloth S, Baur X, Göen T, Budnik LT. Accidental exposure to gas emissions from transit goods treated for pest control. Environ Health 2014; 13:110. [PMID: 25495528 PMCID: PMC4320564 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International phytosanitary standards ISPM 15 require (since 2007) fumigation or heat treatment for shipping and storage. Those dealing with fumigated freight might be accidentally exposed. In this paper we report a series of three accidents of six storage room workers in a medium sized company regularly importing electronic production parts from abroad. METHODS Patients (n=6, aged from 32-54 yrs.) and control group (n=30, mean 40 yrs.) donated blood and urine samples. The fumigants: ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, ethylene dichloride, other halo-alkanes and solvents were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). For the quantitation of long term exposure/s, macromolecular reaction products (hemoglobin adducts) were used (with GCMS) as molecular dosimeter; additionally 8-OHdG and circulating mtDNA (cmtDNA) were analyzed as nonspecific biological effect markers. RESULTS The hemoglobin adducts N-methyl valine (MEV) and N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) valine (HEV) were elevated after exposure to the alkylating chemicals methyl bromide and ethylene oxide. Under the consideration of known elimination kinetics and the individual smoking status (biomonitored with nicotine metabolite cotinine and tobacco specific hemoglobin adduct: N-(2 cyan ethyl) valines, CEV), the data allow theoretical extrapolation to the initial protein adduct concentrations at the time of the accident (the MEV/CEV levels were from 1,616 pmol/g globin to 1,880 pmol/g globin and HEV/CEV levels from 1,407 pmol/g globin to 5,049 pmol/g globin, and correlated with inhaled 0.4-1.5 ppm ethylene oxide. These integrated, extrapolated internal doses, calculated on the basis of biological exposure equivalents, confirmed the clinical diagnosis for three patients, showing severe intoxication symptoms. Both, cmtDNA and 8-OHdG, as non-specific biomarkers of toxic effects, were elevated in four patients. CONCLUSION The cases reported here, stress the importance of a suitable risk assessment and control measures. We put emphasis on the necessity of human biomonitoring guidelines and the urgency for the relevant limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kloth
- />Division of Occupational Toxicology and Immunology, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Marckmannstrasse 129 b, Bld. 3, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
- />Robert Koch Institute, Unit Strengthening Global Biosecurity, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xaver Baur
- />Institute for Occupational Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- />Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lygia Therese Budnik
- />Division of Occupational Toxicology and Immunology, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Marckmannstrasse 129 b, Bld. 3, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
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Kampira E, Dzobo K, Kumwenda J, van Oosterhout JJ, Parker MI, Dandara C. Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) ratio as a marker of mitochondrial toxicities of stavudine containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected Malawian patients. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:438-45. [PMID: 24816082 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity is a major concern related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Common manifestations are peripheral neuropathy and lipodystrophy. Depletion of mitochondria has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated whether mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) levels in peripheral blood can be used as biomarker of stavudine-associated mitochondrial toxicities. We enrolled 203 HIV-infected Malawian adult patients on stavudine-containing ART and 64 healthy controls of Bantu origin in a cross-sectional study. Total DNA was extracted from whole blood.The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene was used to estimate nuclear DNA (nDNA) levels and the ATP synthase-8 mitochondrial DNA gene to estimate mtDNA levels, from which mtDNA/nDNA ratios were determined. MtDNA subhaplogroups were established by sequencing. Among patients, peripheral neuropathy was present in 21% (43/203), lipodystrophy in 18% (20/112), elevated lactate level (>2.5 mmol/L) in 17% (19/113). Healthy controls had a higher median mtDNA/nDNA ratio when compared to HIV/AIDS patients (6.64 vs. 5.08; p=0.05), patients presenting with peripheral neuropathy (6.64 vs. 3.40, p=0.039), and patients with high lactate levels (6.64 vs. 0.68, p=0.024), respectively. Significant differences in median mtDNA/nDNA ratios were observed between patients with high and normal lactate levels (5.88 vs. 0.68, p=0.018). The median mtDNA/nDNA ratio of patients in subhaplogroup L0a2 was much lower (0.62 vs. 8.50, p=0.01) than that of those in subhaplogroup L2a. Our data indicate that peripheral blood mtDNA/nDNA ratio is a marker of mitochondrial toxicities of stavudine and is associated with elevated lactate levels and mtDNA subhaplogroups. This could open the prospect to select a substantial group of patients who will not have problematic side effects from stavudine, an affordable and effective antiretroviral drug that is being phased out in Africa due to its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kampira
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
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Scheepers PT, Beckmann G, Biesterbos JW. Biomarkers of environmental risk factors for prevention and research. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dock and warehouse workers should be monitored for fumigants and toxic industrial chemicals off-gassing from globally transported products. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barrett JR. Getting the drift: methyl bromide application and adverse birth outcomes in an agricultural area. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:A198. [PMID: 23732880 PMCID: PMC3672928 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.121-a198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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