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Cui Y, Bondarenko E, Perez CT, Chiu DN, Feldman JL. Sigh generation in preBötzinger Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597565. [PMID: 38895247 PMCID: PMC11185670 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We explored neural mechanisms underlying sighing. Photostimulation of parafacial (pF) neuromedin B ( NMB) or gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), or preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) NMBR or GRPR neurons elicited ectopic sighs with latency inversely related to time from preceding endogenous sigh. Of particular note, ectopic sighs could be produced without involvement of these peptides or their receptors in preBötC. Moreover, chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of preBötC SST neurons induced sighing, even in the presence of NMBR and/or GRPR antagonists. We propose that an increase in the excitability of preBötC NMBR or GRPR neurons not requiring activation of their peptide receptors activates partially overlapping pathways to generate sighs, and that preBötC SST neurons are a downstream element in the sigh generation circuit that converts normal breaths into sighs.
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Walker JJ, Meunier E, Garcia S, Messaoudi B, Mouly AM, Veyrac A, Buonviso N, Courtiol E. State-dependent alteration of respiration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114740. [PMID: 38395215 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Besides major deficits in motor coordination, patients may also display sensory and cognitive impairments, which are often overlooked despite being inherently part of the PD symptomatology. Amongst those symptoms, respiration, a key mechanism involved in the regulation of multiple physiological and neuronal processes, appears to be altered. Importantly, breathing patterns are highly correlated with the animal's behavioral states. This raises the question of the potential impact of behavioral state on respiration deficits in PD. To answer this question, we first characterized the respiratory parameters in a neurotoxin-induced rat model of PD (6-OHDA) across three different vigilance states: sleep, quiet waking and exploration. We noted a significantly higher respiratory frequency in 6-OHDA rats during quiet waking compared to Sham rats. A higher respiratory amplitude was also observed in 6-OHDA rats during both quiet waking and exploration. No effect of the treatment was noted during sleep. Given the relation between respiration and olfaction and the presence of olfactory deficits in PD patients, we then investigated the odor-evoked sniffing response in PD rats, using an odor habituation/cross-habituation paradigm. No substantial differences were observed in olfactory abilities between the two groups, as assessed through sniffing frequency. These results corroborate the hypothesis that respiratory impairments in 6-OHDA rats are vigilance-dependent. Our results also shed light on the importance of considering the behavioral state as an impacting factor when analyzing respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Walker
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Estelle Meunier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Belkacem Messaoudi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Mouly
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Alexandra Veyrac
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Nathalie Buonviso
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Courtiol
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, Neurocampus Michel Jouvet - 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France.
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3
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Bishop M, SheikhBahei S. Brainstem astrocytes regulate breathing and may affect arousal state in rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114457. [PMID: 38184289 PMCID: PMC10853942 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Variations in arousal levels can impact respiratory patterns. The mechanisms by which breathing behaviors can influence arousal state is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) in modulating arousal states via breathing in adult conscious rats. Using viral vector tools, we selectively interfered with astrocytic signaling in the preBötC. Rats with inhibited astrocytic signaling exhibited slower breathing rates and behaviors indicative of a calmer state, whereas enhanced purinergic signaling in preBötC astrocytes led to faster breathing and heightened arousal. Our findings reveal a key role for an astrocyte-mediated mechanism in the preBötC that influences both respiratory behaviors and higher-order brain functions like arousal, suggesting a bidirectional link between breathing behaviors and mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bishop
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahei
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA.
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Yang JY, Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Huang SH, Chou YN, Yang CC, Hsu CK, Kuo LC, Chuang CH. Biocompatible, Antibacterial, and Stable Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ionic Gel Multimodal Sensors for Healthcare Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55244-55257. [PMID: 37991845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a novel approach to fabricate multifunctional ionic gel sensors by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as replacements for water. When two distinct DESs were combined, customizable mechanical and conductive properties were created, resulting in improved performance compared with traditional hydrogel-based strain sensors. DES ionic gels possess superior mechanical properties, transparency, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the DES ionic gels, evaluating their performance under extreme temperature conditions (-70 to 80 °C), impressive optical transparency (94%), and biocompatibility. Furthermore, a series of tests were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance (Escherichia coli) of the DES ionic gels. Their wide strain (1-400%) and temperature (15-50 °C)-sensing ranges demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of DES ionic gels for diverse sensing requirements. The resulting DES ionic gels were successfully applied in human activity and vital sign monitoring, demonstrating their potential for biointegrated sensing devices and healthcare applications. This study offers valuable insights into the development and optimization of hydrogel sensors, particularly for applications that require environmental stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance, thereby paving the way for future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Management Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Nien Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- The Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (CEMAFLD), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Bishop M, SheikhBahei S. Brainstem astrocytes regulate breathing and may affect arousal state in rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559604. [PMID: 37841850 PMCID: PMC10576258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Variations in arousal levels can impact respiratory patterns. However, whether changes in breathing behaviors can influence arousal state is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) in modulating arousal states via breathing in adult conscious rats. Using viral vector tools, we selectively interfered with astrocytic signaling in the preBötC. Rats with inhibited astrocytic signaling exhibited slower breathing rates and behaviors indicative of a calmer state, whereas enhanced purinergic signaling in preBötC astrocytes led to faster breathing and heightened arousal. Our findings reveal a key role for astrocyte-mediated mechanism in the preBötC that influences both respiratory behaviors and higher-order brain functions like arousal, suggesting a bidirectional link between breathing behaviors and mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bishop
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahei
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
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Gryksa K, Schmidtner AK, Masís-Calvo M, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Havasi A, Wirobski G, Maloumby R, Jägle H, Bosch OJ, Slattery DA, Neumann ID. Selective breeding of rats for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour: A unique model for comorbid depression and social dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105292. [PMID: 37353047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of selective breeding for extremes in emotionality are a strong experimental approach to model psychopathologies. They became indispensable in order to increase our understanding of neurobiological, genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental mechanisms contributing to anxiety disorders and their association with depressive symptoms or social deficits. In the present review, we extensively discuss Wistar rats selectively bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus-maze. After 30 years of breeding, we can confirm the prominent differences between HAB and LAB rats in trait anxiety, which are accompanied by consistent differences in depressive-like, social and cognitive behaviours. We can further confirm a single nucleotide polymorphism in the vasopressin promotor of HAB rats causative for neuropeptide overexpression, and show that low (or high) anxiety and fear levels are unlikely due to visual dysfunctions. Thus, HAB and LAB rats continue to exist as a reliable tool to study the multiple facets underlying the pathology of high trait anxiety and its comorbidity with depression-like behaviour and social dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gryksa
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna K Schmidtner
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marianella Masís-Calvo
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Odir A Rodríguez-Villagra
- Centro de Investigación en Neurosciencias, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gwendolyn Wirobski
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rodrigue Maloumby
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Jägle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Fares R, Champéroux P. Simultaneous assessment of central nervous and respiratory systems using jacketed telemetry in socially-housed rats: Application of the "3Rs" principles in core battery safety pharmacology studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 121:107268. [PMID: 37146838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous (CNS) and respiratory systems are routinely investigated in safety pharmacology core battery studies. For small molecules, the assessment of both vital organ systems is frequently done in rats in two distinct studies. With the advent of a miniaturized technology of jacketed external telemetry for rats (DECRO system), the simultaneous assessment of modified Irwin's or functional observational battery (FOB) test and respiratory (Resp) studies has become possible within a single study. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to perform the FOB and the Resp studies simultaneously in pair-housed rats fitted with jacketed telemetry, and to assess the feasibility and the outcome of this combination in control, baclofen, caffeine, and clonidine treated groups, i.e., with three agents having both respiratory and CNS effects. Our results provided evidence that performing both Resp and FOB assessment simultaneously in the same rat was feasible and the outcome was successful. The expected CNS and respiratory effects of the 3 reference compounds were accurately captured in each assay confirming the results' relevance. In addition, heart rate and activity level were recorded as additional parameters making this design as an enhanced approach for nonclinical safety assessment in rats. This work provides clear evidence that the "3Rs" principles can be effectively applied in core battery safety pharmacology studies while remaining in compliance with worldwide regulatory guidelines. Both reduction in animal use and refinements in procedures are demonstrated with this model.
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Burand Jr. AJ, Waltz TB, Manis AD, Hodges MR, Stucky CL. HomeCageScan analysis reveals ongoing pain in Fabry rats. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100113. [PMID: 36660199 PMCID: PMC9843259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HomeCageScan (HCS) is an automated behavioral scoring system that can be used to classify and quantify rodent behaviors in the home cage. Although HCS has been used for a number of inducible models of severe pain, little has been done to test this system in clinically relevant genetic disease models associated with chronic pain such as Fabry disease. Rats with Fabry disease exhibit mechanical hypersensitivity, however, it is unclear if these rodents also exhibit ongoing non-evoked pain. Therefore, we analyzed HCS data from male and female rats with Fabry disease. Using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, we found both sex and genotype differences in several home cage behaviors. Additionally, we used hierarchical clustering to derive behavioral clusters in an unbiased manner. Analysis of these behavioral clusters showed that primarily female Fabry animals moved less, spent less time caring for themselves (e.g., less time spent grooming and drinking), explored less, and slept more; changes that are similar to lifestyle changes observed in patients with long lasting chronic pain. We also show that sniffing, one of the exploratory behaviors that is depressed in Fabry animals, can be partly restored with the analgesic gabapentin, suggesting that depressed sniffing may reflect ongoing pain. Therefore, this approach to HCS data analysis can be used to assess drug efficacy in Fabry disease and potentially other genetic and inducible rodent models associated with persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Burand Jr.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Tyler B. Waltz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Anna D. Manis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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Fares R, Flénet T, Vial J, Ravaz M, Roger V, Bory C, Baudet S. Non invasive jacketed telemetry in socially-housed rats for a combined assessment of respiratory system, electrocardiogram and activity using the DECRO system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 117:107195. [PMID: 35779850 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems are among the vital organ systems that should be studied in safety pharmacology core battery test. Non-invasive jacketed external telemetry technology that enables concomitant monitoring of both systems has been available and used widely for non-rodent species. Recently, the DECRO system, a miniaturized technology system in line with the "3Rs" principles, has been developed to provide a similar approach in rats. However, data to evaluate this system in socially-housed rats is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability and the material integrity of this novel solution in pair-housed rats in two conditions: i) in a single session of 22 h simulating a stand-alone safety pharmacology study design, and ii) in three repeated sessions of 22 h each, simulating the inclusion of safety pharmacology endpoints in a 1-month toxicology study. In both conditions, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen was used as a reference compound inducing cardiorespiratory changes. Our results provided evidence that this novel solution was well tolerated, the material was resistant to deterioration and that it allowed the accurate recording, in a non-invasive manner, of cardiorespiratory parameters and activity level in freely moving, pair-housed rats in the above two conditions. In addition, the expected respiratory depressant effects of baclofen were recorded. These results pave the way for considering this novel solution as an enhanced approach for nonclinical safety assessment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat Fares
- Etisense SAS, 60A Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Timothé Flénet
- Etisense SAS, 60A Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jonathan Vial
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Marine Ravaz
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Virginie Roger
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Christophe Bory
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Stéphane Baudet
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France.
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Xu N, LaGrow TJ, Anumba N, Lee A, Zhang X, Yousefi B, Bassil Y, Clavijo GP, Khalilzad Sharghi V, Maltbie E, Meyer-Baese L, Nezafati M, Pan WJ, Keilholz S. Functional Connectivity of the Brain Across Rodents and Humans. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:816331. [PMID: 35350561 PMCID: PMC8957796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.816331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), which measures the spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, is increasingly utilized for the investigation of the brain's physiological and pathological functional activity. Rodents, as a typical animal model in neuroscience, play an important role in the studies that examine the neuronal processes that underpin the spontaneous fluctuations in the BOLD signal and the functional connectivity that results. Translating this knowledge from rodents to humans requires a basic knowledge of the similarities and differences across species in terms of both the BOLD signal fluctuations and the resulting functional connectivity. This review begins by examining similarities and differences in anatomical features, acquisition parameters, and preprocessing techniques, as factors that contribute to functional connectivity. Homologous functional networks are compared across species, and aspects of the BOLD fluctuations such as the topography of the global signal and the relationship between structural and functional connectivity are examined. Time-varying features of functional connectivity, obtained by sliding windowed approaches, quasi-periodic patterns, and coactivation patterns, are compared across species. Applications demonstrating the use of rs-fMRI as a translational tool for cross-species analysis are discussed, with an emphasis on neurological and psychiatric disorders. Finally, open questions are presented to encapsulate the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Theodore J. LaGrow
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nmachi Anumba
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Azalea Lee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Behnaz Yousefi
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yasmine Bassil
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gloria P. Clavijo
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Eric Maltbie
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa Meyer-Baese
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maysam Nezafati
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wen-Ju Pan
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shella Keilholz
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Li P, Li SB, Wang X, Phillips CD, Schwarz LA, Luo L, de Lecea L, Krasnow MA. Brain Circuit of Claustrophobia-like Behavior in Mice Identified by Upstream Tracing of Sighing. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107779. [PMID: 32553161 PMCID: PMC8576489 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotions are distinct patterns of behavioral and physiological responses triggered by stimuli that induce different brain states. Elucidating the circuits is difficult because of challenges in interrogating emotional brain states and their complex outputs. Here, we leverage the recent discovery in mice of a neural circuit for sighing, a simple, quantifiable output of various emotions. We show that mouse confinement triggers sighing, and this "claustrophobic" sighing, but not accompanying tachypnea, requires the same medullary neuromedin B (Nmb)-expressing neurons as physiological sighing. Retrograde tracing from the Nmb neurons identified 12 forebrain centers providing presynaptic input, including hypocretin (Hcrt)-expressing lateral hypothalamic neurons. Confinement activates Hcrt neurons, and optogenetic activation induces sighing and tachypnea whereas pharmacologic inhibition suppresses both responses. The effect on sighing is mediated by HCRT directly on Nmbneurons. We propose that this HCRT-NMB neuropeptide relay circuit mediates claustrophobic sighing and that activated Hcrt neurons are a claustrophobia brain state that directly controls claustrophobic outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shi-Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chrystian D Phillips
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindsay A Schwarz
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Piantoni C, Carnevali L, Molla D, Barbuti A, DiFrancesco D, Bucchi A, Baruscotti M. Age-Related Changes in Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Heart Rate Variability in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:617698. [PMID: 34084126 PMCID: PMC8168539 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.617698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess age-related changes in cardiac autonomic modulation and heart rate variability (HRV) and their association with spontaneous and pharmacologically induced vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmias, to verify the translational relevance of mouse models for further in-depth evaluation of the link between autonomic changes and increased arrhythmic risk with advancing age. Methods Heart rate (HR) and time- and frequency-domain indexes of HRV were calculated from Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in two groups of conscious mice of different ages (4 and 19 months old) (i) during daily undisturbed conditions, (ii) following peripheral β-adrenergic (atenolol), muscarinic (methylscopolamine), and β-adrenergic + muscarinic blockades, and (iii) following β-adrenergic (isoprenaline) stimulation. Vulnerability to arrhythmias was evaluated during daily undisturbed conditions and following β-adrenergic stimulation. Results HRV analysis and HR responses to autonomic blockades revealed that 19-month-old mice had a lower vagal modulation of cardiac function compared with 4-month-old mice. This age-related autonomic effect was not reflected in changes in HR, since intrinsic HR was lower in 19-month-old compared with 4-month-old mice. Both time- and frequency-domain HRV indexes were reduced following muscarinic, but not β-adrenergic blockade in younger mice, and to a lesser extent in older mice, suggesting that HRV is largely modulated by vagal tone in mice. Finally, 19-month-old mice showed a larger vulnerability to both spontaneous and isoprenaline-induced arrhythmias. Conclusion The present study combines HRV analysis and selective pharmacological autonomic blockades to document an age-related impairment in cardiac vagal modulation in mice which is consistent with the human condition. Given their short life span, mice could be further exploited as an aged model for studying the trajectory of vagal decline with advancing age using HRV measures, and the mechanisms underlying its association with proarrhythmic remodeling of the senescent heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Piantoni
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - David Molla
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IBF-CNR, University of Milano Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and "Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Vanneau T, Quiquempoix M, Trignol A, Verdonk C, Van Beers P, Sauvet F, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M. Determination of the sleep-wake pattern and feasibility of NREM/REM discrimination using the non-invasive piezoelectric system in rats. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13373. [PMID: 33942427 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The piezoelectric cage-floor sensors have been used to successfully dissect sleep patterns in mice based on signal features related to respiration and body movements. We studied performance of the piezoelectric system to quantify the sleep-wake pattern in the rat over 7 days of recording compared with a visual electroencephalogram/electromyogram scoring, and under two light/dark (LD12:12 and LD16:8) photoperiods leading to change in the 24-hr sleep characteristics (N = 7 per group). The total sleep time (%/24 hr) over the 7 days recording and hourly sleep time over the last 24-hr recording were not statistically different between methods under the two photoperiods. Both methods detected higher total sleep time with the LD16:8 photoperiod compared with LD12:12 (p < .05), and correlated significantly (p < .001) at light and dark periods during each photoperiod. The accuracies for discrimination of sleep-wake patterns between methods were 81.9% and 84.9% for LD12:12 and LD16:8, respectively. In addition, spectral analysis of the respiratory signal given by piezo during all 10-s periods of the corresponding non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep periods recorded by electroencephalogram/electromyogram resulted in selection of 36 features that could be inserted in an automated non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep classification, with 90% accuracy with the electroencephalogram/electromyogram visual scoring. The piezo system proved to be a reliable non-invasive alternative to electroencephalogram recording to study total sleep time in rat, with feasibility to discriminate between non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep stages. This will be interesting in pharmacological or bio-behavioural studies evaluating sleep patterns or the restorative functions of sleep in the body and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Vanneau
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michael Quiquempoix
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles Verdonk
- Unité Neurophysiologie du Stress, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Tuet WY, Racine MC, Jennings L, Pierce SA, Tressler J, McCranor BJ, Wong B. A sex‐balanced rodent model for evaluating phosphine inhalation toxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:168-179. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y. Tuet
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Michelle C. Racine
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Laura Jennings
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Samuel A. Pierce
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Justin Tressler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Bryan J. McCranor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
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15
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Maric V, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Respiratory regulation & interactions with neuro-cognitive circuitry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:95-106. [PMID: 32027875 PMCID: PMC10092293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognized that active control of breathing - a key aspect of ancient Vedic meditative practices, can relieve stress and anxiety and improve cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of respiratory modulation of neurophysiology are just beginning to be elucidated. Research shows that brainstem circuits involved in the motor control of respiration receive input from and can directly modulate activity in subcortical circuits, affecting emotion and arousal. Meanwhile, brain regions involved in the sensory aspects of respiration, such as the olfactory bulb, are like-wise linked with wide-spread brain oscillations; and perturbing olfactory bulb activity can significantly affect both mood and cognition. Thus, via both motor and sensory pathways, there are clear mechanisms by which brain activity is entrained to the respiratory cycle. Here, we review evidence gathered across multiple species demonstrating the links between respiration, entrainment of brain activity and functional relevance for affecting mood and cognition. We also discuss further linkages with cardiac rhythms, and the potential translational implications for biorhythm monitoring and regulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojislav Maric
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Riede T, Schaefer C, Stein A. Role of deep breaths in ultrasonic vocal production of Sprague-Dawley rats. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:966-979. [PMID: 31967929 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00590.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep breaths are one of three breathing patterns in rodents characterized by an increased tidal volume. While humans incorporate deep breaths into vocal behavior, it was unknown whether nonhuman mammals use deep breaths for vocal production. We have utilized subglottal pressure recordings in awake, spontaneously behaving male Sprague-Dawley rats in five contexts: sleep, rest, noxious stimulation, exposure to a female in estrus, and exposure to an unknown male. Deep breaths were produced at rates ranging between 17.5 and 90.3 deep breaths per hour. While overall breathing and vocal rates were higher in social and noxious contexts, the rate of deep breaths was only increased during the male's interaction with a female. Results also inform our understanding of vocal-respiratory integration in rats. The rate of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization during the exhalation phase increased with vocal activity. The proportion of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization (on average 22%) was similar to the proportion of sniffing or eupnea breaths that contain a vocalization. Therefore, vocal motor patterns appear to be entrained to the prevailing breathing rhythm, i.e., vocalization uses the available breathing pattern rather than recruiting a specific breathing pattern. Furthermore, the pattern of a deep breath was different when it was associated with a vocalization, suggesting that motor planning occurs. Finally, deep breaths are a source for acoustic variation; for example, call duration and fundamental frequency modulation were both larger in 22-kHz calls produced following a deep inhalation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The emission of a long, deep, audible breath can express various emotions. The investigation of deep breaths, also known as sighing, in a nonhuman mammal demonstrated the occasional use of deep breaths for vocal production. Similar to the human equivalent, acoustic features of a deep breath vocalization are characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Charles Schaefer
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Amy Stein
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
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17
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Noble DJ, Hochman S. Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1176. [PMID: 31572221 PMCID: PMC6753868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of respiration provides a powerful voluntary portal to entrain and modulate central autonomic networks. Slowing and deepening breathing as a relaxation technique has shown promise in a variety of cardiorespiratory and stress-related disorders, but few studies have investigated the physiological mechanisms conferring its benefits. Recent evidence suggests that breathing at a frequency near 0.1 Hz (6 breaths per minute) promotes behavioral relaxation and baroreflex resonance effects that maximize heart rate variability. Breathing around this frequency appears to elicit resonant and coherent features in neuro-mechanical interactions that optimize physiological function. Here we explore the neurophysiology of slow, deep breathing and propose that coincident features of respiratory and baroreceptor afferent activity cycling at 0.1 Hz entrain central autonomic networks. An important role is assigned to the preferential recruitment of slowly-adapting pulmonary afferents (SARs) during prolonged inhalations. These afferents project to discrete areas in the brainstem within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and initiate inhibitory actions on downstream targets. Conversely, deep exhalations terminate SAR activity and activate arterial baroreceptors via increases in blood pressure to stimulate, through NTS projections, parasympathetic outflow to the heart. Reciprocal SAR and baroreceptor afferent-evoked actions combine to enhance sympathetic activity during inhalation and parasympathetic activity during exhalation, respectively. This leads to pronounced heart rate variability in phase with the respiratory cycle (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and improved ventilation-perfusion matching. NTS relay neurons project extensively to areas of the central autonomic network to encode important features of the breathing pattern that may modulate anxiety, arousal, and attention. In our model, pronounced respiratory rhythms during slow, deep breathing also support expression of slow cortical rhythms to induce a functional state of alert relaxation, and, via nasal respiration-based actions on olfactory signaling, recruit hippocampal pathways to boost memory consolidation. Collectively, we assert that the neurophysiological processes recruited during slow, deep breathing enhance the cognitive and behavioral therapeutic outcomes obtained through various mind-body practices. Future studies are required to better understand the physio-behavioral processes involved, including in animal models that control for confounding factors such as expectancy biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Noble
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shawn Hochman
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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18
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Assessment of fear and anxiety associated behaviors, physiology and neural circuits in rats with reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) levels. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 30670681 PMCID: PMC6343029 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in serotonin transporter (SERT) that reduces transcriptional efficiency is associated with higher anxiety and fear traits and a greater incidence of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although previous studies have shown that rats with no expression of SERT (SERT-/-) have increased baseline anxiety behaviors, SERT+/- rats with low SERT expression (and more relevant to the clinical condition with low SERT expression) do not. Yet, no systematic studies of fear acquisition/extinction or their underlying neural mechanisms have been conducted in this preclinical genetic SERT+/- model. Here we sought to determine if SERT+/- or SERT-/-, compared to wildtype, rats would show exacerbated panic responses and/or persistent conditioned fear responses that may be associated with PTSD or phobia vulnerability. Results: Only SERT-/- rats showed increased baseline anxiety-like behaviors with heightened panic respiratory responses. However SERT+/- (also SERT-/-) rats showed enhanced acquisition of fear and delayed extinction of fear that was associated with changes in serotonergic-related genes (e.g., reduced 5-HT1A receptor) and disrupted inhibition within the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Furthermore, the disrupted fear responses in SERT+/- rats were normalized with 5HT1A antagonist infusions into the BLA. Enhanced acquisition and failure to extinguish fear memories displayed by both SERT-/- and SERT+/- rats are cardinal symptoms of disabling anxiety disorders such as phobias and PTSD. The data here support the hypothesis that reduced SERT function is a genetic risk that disrupts select gene expression and network properties in the amygdala that could result in vulnerability to these syndromes.
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19
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Al Koborssy D, Palouzier-Paulignan B, Canova V, Thevenet M, Fadool DA, Julliard AK. Modulation of olfactory-driven behavior by metabolic signals: role of the piriform cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:315-336. [PMID: 30317390 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction is one of the major sensory modalities that regulates food consumption and is in turn regulated by the feeding state. Given that the olfactory bulb has been shown to be a metabolic sensor, we explored whether the anterior piriform cortex (aPCtx)-a higher olfactory cortical processing area-had the same capacity. Using immunocytochemical approaches, we report the localization of Kv1.3 channel, glucose transporter type 4, and the insulin receptor in the lateral olfactory tract and Layers II and III of the aPCtx. In current-clamped superficial pyramidal (SP) cells, we report the presence of two populations of SP cells: glucose responsive and non-glucose responsive. Using varied glucose concentrations and a glycolysis inhibitor, we found that insulin modulation of the instantaneous and spike firing frequency are both glucose dependent and require glucose metabolism. Using a plethysmograph to record sniffing frequency, rats microinjected with insulin failed to discriminate ratiometric enantiomers; considered a difficult task. Microinjection of glucose prevented discrimination of odorants of different chain-lengths, whereas injection of margatoxin increased the rate of habituation to repeated odor stimulation and enhanced discrimination. These data suggest that metabolic signaling pathways that are present in the aPCtx are capable of neuronal modulation and changing complex olfactory behaviors in higher olfactory centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Al Koborssy
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brigitte Palouzier-Paulignan
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Canova
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Thevenet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrée Karyn Julliard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France.
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20
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Jimenez-Ruiz F, Khurram OU, Zhan WZ, Gransee HM, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Diaphragm muscle activity across respiratory motor behaviors in awake and lightly anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:915-922. [PMID: 29357493 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory muscles such as the diaphragm are active across a range of behaviors including ventilation and higher-force behaviors necessary for maintenance of airway patency, and minimal information is available regarding anesthetic effects on the capacity of respiratory muscles to generate higher forces. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether diaphragm EMG activity during lower-force behaviors, such as eupnea and hypoxia-hypercapnia, is differentially affected compared with higher-force behaviors, such as a sigh, in lightly anesthetized animals. In adult male rats, chronically implanted diaphragm EMG electrodes were used to measure the effects of low-dose ketamine (30 mg/kg) and xylazine (3 mg/kg) on root mean square (RMS) EMG amplitude across a range of motor behaviors. A mixed linear model was used to evaluate the effects of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on peak RMS EMG and ventilatory parameters, with condition (awake vs. anesthetized), behavior (eupnea, hypoxia-hypercapnia, sigh), side (left or right hemidiaphragm), and their interactions as fixed effects and animal as a random effect. Compared with the awake recordings, there was an overall reduction of peak diaphragm RMS EMG across behaviors during anesthesia, but this reduction was more pronounced during spontaneous sighs (which require ~60% of maximal diaphragm force). Respiratory rates and duty cycle during eupnea and hypoxia-hypercapnia were higher in awake compared with anesthetized conditions. These results highlight the importance of identifying anesthetic effects on a range of respiratory motor behaviors, including sighs necessary for maintaining airway patency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Respiratory muscles accomplish a range of motor behaviors, with forces generated for ventilatory behaviors comprising only a small fraction of their maximal force generating capacity. Induction of anesthesia exerts more robust effects on the higher-force diaphragm motor behaviors such as sighs compared with eupnea. This novel information on effects of low, sedative doses of a commonly used anesthetic combination (ketamine-xylazine) highlights the importance of identifying anesthetic effects on a range of respiratory motor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Jimenez-Ruiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Obaid U Khurram
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wen-Zhi Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Noble DJ, Goolsby WN, Garraway SM, Martin KK, Hochman S. Slow Breathing Can Be Operantly Conditioned in the Rat and May Reduce Sensitivity to Experimental Stressors. Front Physiol 2017; 8:854. [PMID: 29163199 PMCID: PMC5670354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, exercises involving slowed respiratory rate (SRR) counter autonomic sympathetic bias and reduce responses to stressors, including in individuals with various degrees of autonomic dysfunction. In the rat, we examined whether operant conditioning could lead to reductions in respiratory rate (RR) and performed preliminary studies to assess whether conditioned SRR was sufficient to decrease physiological and behavioral responsiveness to stressors. RR was continuously monitored during 20 2-h sessions using whole body plethysmography. SRR conditioned, but not yoked control rats, were able to turn off aversive visual stimulation (intermittent bright light) by slowing their breathing below a preset target of 80 breaths/min. SRR conditioned rats greatly increased the incidence of breaths below the target RR over training, with average resting RR decreasing from 92 to 81 breaths/min. These effects were significant as a group and vs. yoked controls. Preliminary studies in a subset of conditioned rats revealed behavioral changes suggestive of reduced reactivity to stressful and nociceptive stimuli. In these same rats, intermittent sessions without visual reinforcement and a post-training priming stressor (acute restraint) demonstrated that conditioned rats retained reduced RR vs. controls in the absence of conditioning. In conclusion, we present the first successful attempt to operantly condition reduced RR in an animal model. Although further studies are needed to clarify the physio-behavioral concomitants of slowed breathing, the developed model may aid subsequent neurophysiological inquiries on the role of slow breathing in stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Noble
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - William N Goolsby
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sandra M Garraway
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Karmarcha K Martin
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shawn Hochman
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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22
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A hypothalamo-midbrain-medullary pathway involved in the inhibition of the respiratory chemoreflex response induced by potassium cyanide in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:152-167. [PMID: 28987939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that a mild stimulation of the dorsomedian nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH), a defense area, induces the inhibition of the carotid chemoreflex tachypnea. DMH activation reduces the cardiac chemoreflex response via the dorsolateral part of the periaqueductal grey matter (dlPAG) and serotonin receptors (5-HT3 subtype) in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The objectives of this study were to assess whether dlPAG and subsequent NTS 5-HT3 receptors are involved in chemoreflex tachypnea inhibition during mild activation of the DMH. For this purpose, peripheral chemoreflex was activated with potassium cyanide (KCN, 40 μg/rat, i.v.) during electrical and chemical minimal supra-threshold (mild) stimulation of the dlPAG or DMH. In both situations, changes in respiratory frequency (RF) following KCN administration were reduced. Moreover, pharmacological blockade of the dlPAG prevented DMH-induced KCN tachypnea inhibition. Activation of NTS 5-HT3 receptors also reduced chemoreflex tachypnea in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, blockade of NTS 5-HT3 receptors with granisetron (2.5 but not 1.25 mM), or the use of mice lacking the 5-HT3a receptor (5-HT3a KO), prevented dlPAG-induced KCN reductions in RF. A respiratory hypothalamo-midbrain-medullary pathway (HMM) therefore plays a crucial role in the inhibition of the hyperventilatory response to carotid chemoreflex.
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Vlemincx E, Meulders M, Luminet O. A sigh of relief or a sigh of expected relief: Sigh rate in response to dyspnea relief. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [PMID: 28792624 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has suggested that sighs may serve a regulatory function during stress and emotions by facilitating relief. Evidence supports the hypotheses that sighs both express and induce relief from stress. To explore the potential role of sighs in the regulation of symptoms, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sighs and relief of symptoms, and relief of dyspnea, specifically. Healthy volunteers participated in two studies (N = 44, N = 47) in which dyspnea was induced by mild (10 cmH2 O/l/s) or high (20 cmH2 0/l/s) inspiratory resistances. Dyspnea relief was induced by the offset of the inspiratory resistances (transitions from high and mild inspiratory resistance to no resistance). Control comparisons included dyspnea increases (transitions from no or mild inspiratory resistance to high inspiratory resistance) and dyspnea continuations (continuations of either no resistance or a high resistance). In Experiment 1, dyspnea levels were cued. In Experiment 2, no cues were provided. Sigh rate during dyspnea relief was significantly higher compared to control conditions, and sigh rate increased as self-reported dyspnea decreased. Additionally, sigh rate was higher during cued dyspnea relief compared to noncued dyspnea relief. These results suggest that sighs are important markers of dyspnea relief. Moreover, sighs may importantly express dyspnea relief, as they are related to experiential dyspnea decreases and occur more frequently during expected dyspnea relief. These findings suggest that sighs may not only be important in the regulation of stress and emotions, but also may be functional in the regulation of dyspnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Vlemincx
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research Group on Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Meulders
- Department of Informatics, Simulation and Modeling, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Group on Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Tipton MJ, Harper A, Paton JFR, Costello JT. The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth? J Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28650070 DOI: 10.1113/jp274596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported as an increase in minute ventilation (V̇E). But, the same V̇E can be achieved by a wide variety of changes in the depth (tidal volume, VT ) and number of breaths (respiratory frequency, ƒR ). This review investigates the impact of stressors including: cold, heat, hypoxia, pain and panic on the contributions of ƒR and VT to V̇E to see if they differ with different stressors. Where possible we also consider the potential mechanisms that underpin the responses identified, and propose mechanisms by which differences in ƒR and VT are mediated. Our aim being to consider if there is an overall differential control of ƒR and VT that applies in a wide range of conditions. We consider moderating factors, including exercise, sex, intensity and duration of stimuli. For the stressors reviewed, as the stress becomes extreme V̇E generally becomes increased more by ƒR than VT . We also present some tentative evidence that the pattern of ƒR and VT could provide some useful diagnostic information for a variety of clinical conditions. In The Physiological Society's year of 'Making Sense of Stress', this review has wide-ranging implications that are not limited to one discipline, but are integrative and relevant for physiology, psychophysiology, neuroscience and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
| | - Abbi Harper
- Clinical Fellow in Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
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Vlemincx E, Meulders M, Abelson JL. Sigh rate during emotional transitions: More evidence for a sigh of relief. Biol Psychol 2017; 125:163-172. [PMID: 28315375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that sighs regulate stress and emotions, e.g. by facilitating relief. This study aimed to investigate sigh rates during relief. In addition, links between sighs, anxiety sensitivity and HPA-axis activity were explored. Healthy volunteers (N=29) were presented cues predicting the valence of subsequent stimuli. By sequencing cues that predicted pleasant or unpleasant stimuli with or without certainty, transitions to certain pleasantness (relief) or to certain unpleasantness (control) were created and compared to no transitions. Salivary cortisol, anxiety sensitivity and respiration were measured. Sigh frequency was significantly higher during relief than during control transitions and no transition states, and higher during control transitions than during no transition states. Sigh frequency increased with steeper cortisol declines for high anxiety sensitive persons. Results confirm a relationship between sighs and relief. In addition, results suggest that sigh frequency is importantly related to HPA-axis activity, particularly in high anxiety sensitive persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Vlemincx
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Research Group on Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michel Meulders
- Department of Informatics, Simulation and Modeling, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Group on Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L Abelson
- Trauma, Stress and Anxiety Research Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Autonomic changes induced by provocative motion in rats bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior: Paradoxical responses in LAB animals. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:363-373. [PMID: 27702599 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, associations between anxiety and nausea (including motion-induced) are reported but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Hypothermia is proposed to be an index of nausea in rats. Utilising hypothermia and heart rate as outcome measures we investigated the response to provocative motion in rats selectively bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviors and in non-selected (NAB) rats to further elucidate the potential relationship between hypothermia and nausea-like state. Core temperature and electrocardiogram were monitored in each group (n=10 per group) using telemetry, with or without circular motion (40min; 0.75Hz) and vehicle or diazepam (2mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment. Heart rate and time- and frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability were derived from the electrocardiogram. There was no baseline difference in core temperature between the three groups (mean 38.0±0.1°C), but HAB animals had a significantly lower resting heart rate (330±7bpm) compared to LAB (402±5bpm) and NAB (401±9bpm). Animals in all groups exhibited hypothermia during motion (HAB: 36.3±0.1°C; NAB: 36.4±0.1°C; LAB: 34.9±0.2°C) with the magnitude (area under the curve, AUC) of the response during 40-min motion being greater in LAB compared to NAB and HAB rats, and this was also the case for the motion-induced bradycardia. Diazepam had minimal effects on baseline temperature and heart rate in all groups, but significantly reduced the hypothermia response (AUC) to motion in all groups by ~30%. Breeding for extremes in anxiety-related behavior unexpectedly selects animals with low trait anxiety that have enhanced bradycardia and hypothermic responses to motion; consequently, this animal model appears to be not suitable for exploring relationships between anxiety and autonomic correlates of nausea. Thermal and cardiovascular responses to motion were little different between HAB and NAB rats indicating that either hypothermia is not an index of a nausea-like state in rats, or that the positive correlation between anxiety and nausea demonstrated in humans does not exist in rats. The mechanism underlying the enhanced physiological responses in LAB requires more detailed study and may provide a novel model to investigate factors modulating motion sensitivity.
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Bajic D, Craig MM, Borsook D, Becerra L. Probing Intrinsic Resting-State Networks in the Infant Rat Brain. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:192. [PMID: 27803653 PMCID: PMC5067436 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) measures spontaneous fluctuations in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the absence of external stimuli. It has become a powerful tool for mapping large-scale brain networks in humans and animal models. Several rs-fMRI studies have been conducted in anesthetized and awake adult rats, reporting consistent patterns of brain activity at the systems level. However, the evolution to adult patterns of resting-state activity has not yet been evaluated and quantified in the developing rat brain. In this study, we hypothesized that large-scale intrinsic networks would be easily detectable but not fully established as specific patterns of activity in lightly anesthetized 2-week-old rats (N = 11). Independent component analysis (ICA) identified 8 networks in 2-week-old-rats. These included Default mode, Sensory (Exteroceptive), Salience (Interoceptive), Basal Ganglia-Thalamic-Hippocampal, Basal Ganglia, Autonomic, Cerebellar, as well as Thalamic-Brainstem networks. Many of these networks consisted of more than one component, possibly indicative of immature, underdeveloped networks at this early time point. Except for the Autonomic network, infant rat networks showed reduced connectivity with subcortical structures in comparison to previously published adult networks. Reported slow fluctuations in the BOLD signal that correspond to functionally relevant resting-state networks in 2-week-old rats can serve as an important tool for future studies of brain development in the settings of different pharmacological applications or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Bajic
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Craig
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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28
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A sigh of relief or a sigh to relieve: The psychological and physiological relief effect of deep breaths. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brouillard C, Carrive P, Camus F, Bénoliel JJ, Similowski T, Sévoz-Couche C. Long-lasting bradypnea induced by repeated social defeat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R352-64. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Repeated social defeat in the rat induces long-lasting cardiovascular changes associated with anxiety. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated social defeat on breathing. Respiratory rate was extracted from the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) peak frequency of the ECG in rats subjected to social defeat for 4 consecutive days. Respiratory rate was recorded under anesthesia 6 days (D+10) or 26 days (D+30) after social defeat. At D+10, defeated (D) rats spent less time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test, had heavier adrenal glands, and displayed bradypnea, unlike nondefeated animals. At D+30, all signs of anxiety had disappeared. However, one-half of the rats still displayed bradypnea (DL rats, for low respiratory rate indicated by a lower RSA frequency), whereas those with higher respiratory rate (DH rats) had recovered. Acute blockade of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) 5-HT3 receptors reversed bradypnea in all D rats at D+10 and in DL rats at D+30. Respiratory rate was also recorded in conscious animals implanted with radiotelemetric ECG probes. DH rats recovered between D+10 and D+18, whereas DL rats remained bradypneic until D+30. In conclusion, social stress induces sustained chronic bradypnea mediated by DMH neurons and NTS 5-HT3 receptors. These changes are associated with an anxiety-like state that persists until D+10, followed by recovery. However, bradypnea may persist in one-half of the population up until D+30, despite apparent recovery of the anxiety-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Brouillard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 975, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Faculté de Médecine University Pierre and Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Carrive
- Blood Pressure, Brain and Behavior Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Françoise Camus
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 975, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Faculté de Médecine University Pierre and Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bénoliel
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 975, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Faculté de Médecine University Pierre and Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale, Paris, France; and
| | - Caroline Sévoz-Couche
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 975, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Faculté de Médecine University Pierre and Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
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30
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Pérez de Los Cobos Pallares F, Bautista TG, Stanić D, Egger V, Dutschmann M. Brainstem-mediated sniffing and respiratory modulation during odor stimulation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 233:17-24. [PMID: 27473930 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The trigeminal and olfactory systems interact during sensory processing of odor. Here, we investigate odor-evoked modulations of brainstem respiratory networks in a decerebrated perfused brainstem preparation of rat with intact olfactory bulbs. Intranasal application of non-trigeminal odors (rose) did not evoke respiratory modulation in absence of cortico-limbic circuits. Conversely, trigeminal odors such as menthol or lavender evoked robust respiratory modulations via direct activation of preserved brainstem circuits. Trigeminal odors consistently triggered short phrenic nerve bursts (fictive sniff), and the strong trigeminal odor menthol also triggered a slowing of phrenic nerve frequency. Phrenic and vagal nerve recordings reveal that fictive sniffs transiently interrupted odor evoked tonic postinspiratory vagal discharge. This motor pattern is significantly different from normal (eupneic) respiratory activity. In conclusion, we show for the first time the direct involvement of brainstem circuits in primary odor processing to evoke protective sniffs and respiratory modulation in the complete absence of forebrain commands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara G Bautista
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Gate 11 Royal Parade, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Davor Stanić
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Gate 11 Royal Parade, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Veronica Egger
- Zoological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Gate 11 Royal Parade, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Mozzini Monteiro T, Ferrera Costa H, Carvalho Vieira G, Rodrigues Salgado PR, da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori MG, de Almeida RN, de Fatima Vanderlei de Souza M, Neves Matias W, Andrade Braga V, Nalivaiko E, Piuvezam MR. Anti-asthmatic and anxiolytic effects of Herissantia tiubae, a Brazilian medicinal plant. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:201-212. [PMID: 27957328 PMCID: PMC4879466 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herissantia tiubae (HtE) is a Brazilian plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the HtE has anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects in a murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were treated with HtE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or dexamethasone before each OVA challenge. After the last challenge, animals were subjected to anxiety tests and respiratory measurements. Following euthanasia, we quantified immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum IgE titer and cytokine levels, cellular infiltration and mucus content in the lung tissues, and cellular composition of the mediastinal lymph nodes. OVA challenge in sensitized animals caused: (1) reduction of mean respiratory and dominant respiratory rate (from 398 ± 12 to 286 ± 20 cicles per minute (cpm) and from 320 ± 14 to 162 ± 15 cpm, respectively); (2) increase in behavioral markers of anxiety tests; (3) substantial pro-inflammatory effects, including rise in OVA-specific IgE titer (from 0 to 1:2048) and these inflammatory effect diminished the titer to 1:512 after HtE treatment; rise in plasma IL-13 (from 13 ng/mL in saline to 227 ng/mL in OVA and HtE treatment restored to 1.29 ng/mL; rise in total BAL cell count (from 0.742 cells/mL in saline to 11.77 cells/mL in OVA), with prominent eosinophilia. H. tiubae extract affected respiratory parameters similarly to aminophylline, behavioral changes comparable to diazepam, and inflammation being as efficient as dexamethasone. H. tiubae extract (HtE) possesses both anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties in the murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talissa Mozzini Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Hermann Ferrera Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Rodrigues Salgado
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo Nobrega de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | | | - Wemerson Neves Matias
- Department of PharmacyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Valdir Andrade Braga
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of BiotechnologyFederal University of ParaibaJoão PessoaParaibaBrazil
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marcia Regina Piuvezam
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
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Bondarenko E, Beig MI, Hodgson DM, Braga VA, Nalivaiko E. Blockade of the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the perifornical area inhibits respiratory responses to arousing and stressful stimuli. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R816-22. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00415.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and the perifornical area (DMH/PeF) is one of the key regions of central autonomic processing. Previous studies have established that this region contains neurons that may be involved in respiratory processing; however, this has never been tested in conscious animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of the DMH/PeF area in mediating respiratory responses to stressors of various intensities and duration. Adult male Wistar rats ( n = 8) received microinjections of GABAA agonist muscimol or saline into the DMH/PeF bilaterally and were subjected to a respiratory recording using whole body plethysmography. Presentation of acoustic stimuli (500-ms white noise) evoked transient responses in respiratory rate, proportional to the stimulus intensity, ranging from +44 ± 27 to +329 ± 31 cycles/min (cpm). Blockade of the DMH/PeF almost completely abolished respiratory rate and tidal volume responses to the 40- to 70-dB stimuli and also significantly attenuated responses to the 80- to 90-dB stimuli. Also, it significantly attenuated respiratory rate during the acclimatization period (novel environment stress). The light stimulus (30-s 2,000 lux) as well as 15-min restraint stress significantly elevated respiratory rate from 95 ± 4.0 to 236 ± 29 cpm and from 117 ± 5.2 to 189 ± 13 cpm, respectively; this response was abolished after the DMH/PeF blockade. We conclude that integrity of the DMH/PeF area is essential for generation of respiratory responses to both stressful and alerting stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valdir A. Braga
- Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
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Vlemincx E, Van Diest I, Van den Bergh O. Emotion, sighing, and respiratory variability. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:657-66. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Vlemincx
- Research Group on Health Psychology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group on Health Psychology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Research Group on Health Psychology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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34
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The neural cascade of olfactory processing: A combined fMRI–EEG study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 204:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Enhanced non-eupneic breathing following hypoxic, hypercapnic or hypoxic-hypercapnic gas challenges in conscious mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 204:147-59. [PMID: 25242462 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
C57BL6 mice display non-eupneic breathing and spontaneous apneas during wakefulness and sleep as well as markedly disordered breathing following cessation of a hypoxic challenge. We examined whether (1) C57BL6 mice display marked non-eupneic breathing following hypercapnic or hypoxic-hypercapnic challenges, and (2) compared the post-hypoxia changes in non-eupneic breathing of C57BL6 mice to those of B6AF1 (57BL6 dam × A/J sire) and Swiss-Webster mice, which display different ventilatory responses than C57BL6 mice. C57BL6 mice displayed marked increases in respiratory frequency and non-eupneic breathing upon return to room-air after hypoxic (10% O2, 90% N2), hypercapnic (5% CO2, 21% O2 and 74% N2) and hypoxic-hypercapnic (10% O2, 5% CO2 and 85% N2) challenges. B6AF1 mice displayed less tachypnea and reduced non-eupneic breathing post-hypoxia, whereas Swiss-Webster mice displayed robust tachypnea with minimal increases in non-eupneic breathing post-hypoxia. These studies demonstrate that non-eupneic breathing increases after physiologically-relevant hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge in C57BL6 mice and suggest that further studies with these and B6AF1 and Swiss-Webster mice will help define the genetics of non-eupneic breathing.
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36
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Bondarenko E, Hodgson DM, Nalivaiko E. Prelimbic prefrontal cortex mediates respiratory responses to mild and potent prolonged, but not brief, stressors. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 204:21-7. [PMID: 25090960 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is one of the key areas of the central mechanism of cardiovascular and respiratory control. Disinhibition of the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex elicits tachypnoeic responses in anesthetized rats (Hassan et al., J. Physiol. 591: 6069-6088, 2013). The current study examines the effects of inhibition of the prelimbic prefrontal cortex during presentation of stressors of various lengths and intensities in conscious unrestrained rats. 8 Wistar rats were implanted with bilateral guide cannulas targeting the prelimbic prefrontal cortex and received microinjections of either saline of GABAA agonist muscimol prior to recording sessions. Inhibition of the prelimbic prefrontal cortex significantly attenuated respiratory responses to a novel environment stress, 30s light stimulus and restraint stress. It did not affect respiratory responses to 500 ms acoustic stimuli of varying intensities (40-90 dB). We conclude that the prelimbic prefrontal cortex contributes to generation of tachypnoeic responses to prolonged stressors, but does not contribute to respiratory arousal in response to brief stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bondarenko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - D M Hodgson
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Carnevali L, Nalivaiko E, Sgoifo A. Respiratory patterns reflect different levels of aggressiveness and emotionality in Wild-type Groningen rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 204:28-35. [PMID: 25016179 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory patterns represent a promising physiological index for assessing emotional states in preclinical studies. Since disturbed emotional regulation may lead to forms of excessive aggressiveness, in this study we investigated the hypothesis that rats that differ largely in their level of aggressive behavior display matching alterations in respiration. Respiration was recorded in male high-aggressive (HA, n = 8) and non-aggressive (NA, n = 8) Wild-type Groningen rats using whole-body plethysmography. Subsequently, anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated in the elevated plus maze and social avoidance-approach tests. During respiratory testing, HA rats showed elevated basal respiratory rate, reduced sniffing, exaggerated tachypnoeic response to an acoustic stimulus and a larger incidence of sighs. In addition, HA rats spent less time in the open arms of the plus maze and displayed higher levels of social avoidance behavior compared to NA rats. These findings indicate that HA rats are characterized by alterations in respiratory functioning and behavior that are overall indicative of an anxiety-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 2308 Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
Different types of network oscillations occur in different behavioral, cognitive, or vigilance states. The rodent hippocampus expresses prominent θ oscillations at frequencies between 4 and 12 Hz, which are superimposed by phase-coupled γ oscillations (30-100 Hz). These patterns entrain multineuronal activity over large distances and have been implicated in sensory information processing and memory formation. Here we report a new type of oscillation at near-θ frequencies (2-4 Hz) in the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized mice. The rhythm is highly coherent with nasal respiration and with rhythmic field potentials in the olfactory bulb: hence, we called it hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations. Despite the similarity in frequency range, several features distinguish this pattern from locally generated θ oscillations: hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations have a unique laminar amplitude profile, are resistant to atropine, couple differently to γ oscillations, and are abolished when nasal airflow is bypassed by tracheotomy. Hippocampal neurons are entrained by both the respiration-induced rhythm and concurrent θ oscillations, suggesting a direct interaction between endogenous activity in the hippocampus and nasal respiratory inputs. Our results demonstrate that nasal respiration strongly modulates hippocampal network activity in mice, providing a long-range synchronizing signal between olfactory and hippocampal networks.
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Bondarenko E, Hodgson DM, Nalivaiko E. Amygdala mediates respiratory responses to sudden arousing stimuli and to restraint stress in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R951-9. [PMID: 24740655 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00528.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both human and animal studies have demonstrated that respiratory parameters change in response to presentation of alerting stimuli, as well as during stress, yet central neuronal pathways that mediate such responses remain unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of the amygdala in mediating respiratory responses to stressors of various intensities and duration. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 8) received microinjections of GABAA agonist muscimol or saline into the amygdala bilaterally and were subjected to a respiratory recording using whole body plethysmography. Presentation of acoustic stimuli (500-ms white noise, 40-90 dB) caused transient responses in respiratory rate that were proportional to the stimulus intensity, ranging from +13 ± 9 cpm to +276 ± 67 cpm for 40- and 90-dB stimuli, respectively. Inhibition of the amygdala significantly suppressed respiratory rate responses to the high-intensity stimuli (70-90 dB). Submitting rats to the restraint stress significantly elevated the mean respiratory rate (+72 ± 8 cpm) and the dominant respiratory rate (+51 ± 12 cpm), as well as the fraction of high-frequency respiratory rate (+10 ± 3%). Inhibition of the amygdala by muscimol significantly suppressed these responses. We conclude that the amygdala is one of the key structures that are essential for expression of respiratory responses to stressful or alerting stimuli in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Bondarenko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
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40
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Carnevali L, Trombini M, Graiani G, Madeddu D, Quaini F, Landgraf R, Neumann ID, Nalivaiko E, Sgoifo A. Low vagally-mediated heart rate variability and increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in rats bred for high anxiety. Physiol Behav 2014; 128:16-25. [PMID: 24518868 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In humans, there is a documented association between anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease. Putative underlying mechanisms may include an impairment of the autonomic nervous system control of cardiac function. The primary objective of the present study was to characterize cardiac autonomic modulation and susceptibility to arrhythmias in genetic lines of rats that differ largely in their anxiety level. To reach this goal, electrocardiographic recordings were performed in high-anxiety behavior (HAB, n=10) and low-anxiety behavior (LAB, n=10) rats at rest, during stressful stimuli and under autonomic pharmacological manipulations, and analyzed by means of time- and frequency-domain indexes of heart rate variability. During resting conditions, HAB rats displayed a reduced heart rate variability, mostly in terms of lower parasympathetic (vagal) modulation compared to LAB rats. In HAB rats, this relatively low cardiac vagal control was associated with smaller heart rate responsiveness to acute stressors compared to LAB counterparts. In addition, beta-adrenergic pharmacological stimulation induced a larger incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in HABs compared to LABs. At sacrifice, a moderate increase in heart-body weight ratio was observed in HAB rats. We conclude that high levels of anxiety-related behavior in rats are associated with signs of i) impaired autonomic modulation of heart rate (low vagally-mediated heart rate variability), ii) poor adaptive heart rate responsiveness to stressful stimuli, iii) increased arrhythmia susceptibility, and iv) cardiac hypertrophy. These results highlight the utility of the HAB/LAB model for investigating the mechanistic basis of the comorbidity between anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gallia Graiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy
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Ramirez JM. The integrative role of the sigh in psychology, physiology, pathology, and neurobiology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 209:91-129. [PMID: 24746045 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63274-6.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Sighs, tears, grief, distress" expresses Johann Sebastian Bach in a musical example for the relationship between sighs and deep emotions. This review explores the neurobiological basis of the sigh and its relationship with psychology, physiology, and pathology. Sighs monitor changes in brain states, induce arousal, and reset breathing variability. These behavioral roles homeostatically regulate breathing stability under physiological and pathological conditions. Sighs evoked in hypoxia evoke arousal and thereby become critical for survival. Hypoarousal and failure to sigh have been associated with sudden infant death syndrome. Increased breathing irregularity may provoke excessive sighing and hyperarousal, a behavioral sequence that may play a role in panic disorders. Essential for generating sighs and breathing is the pre-Bötzinger complex. Modulatory and synaptic interactions within this local network and between networks located in the brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and the periaqueductal gray may govern the relationships between physiology, psychology, and pathology. Unraveling these circuits will lead to a better understanding of how we balance emotions and how emotions become pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Queiroz TM, Mendes-Júnior LG, Guimarães DD, França-Silva MS, Nalivaiko E, Braga VA. Cardiorespiratory effects induced by 2-nitrate-1,3-dibuthoxypropan are reduced by nitric oxide scavenger in rats. Auton Neurosci 2013; 181:31-6. [PMID: 24418115 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The search for new nitric oxide donors is warranted by the limitations of organic nitrates currently used in cardiology. The new organic nitrate 2-nitrate-1,3-dibuthoxypropan (NDBP) exhibited promising cardiovascular activities in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory responses evoked by NDBP and to compare them to the clinically used organic nitrate nitroglycerine (NTG). Arterial pressure, heart rate and respiration were recorded in conscious adult male Wistar rats. Bolus i.v. injection of NDBP (1 to 15mg/kg; n=8) and NTG (0.1 to 5mg/kg; n=8) produced hypotension. NDBP induced bradycardia at all doses, while NTG induced tachycardia at three lower doses but bradycardia at higher doses. Hydroxocobalamin (20mg/kg; HDX), a NO scavenger, blunted hypotension induced by NDBP (15mg/kg), and its bradycardic effect (n=6). In addition, HDX blunted both hypotension and bradycardia induced by a single dose of NTG (2.5mg/kg; n=6). Both NDBP and NTG altered respiratory rate, inducing a biphasic effect with a bradypnea followed by a tachypnea; HDX attenuated these responses. Our data indicate that NDBP and NTG induce hypotension, bradycardia and bradypnea, which are mediated by nitric oxide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago M Queiroz
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Ngampramuan S, Baumert M, Czippelova B, Nalivaiko E. Ondansetron prevents changes in respiratory pattern provoked by LiCl: A new approach for studying pro-emetic states in rodents? Neuroscience 2013; 246:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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